{ "cells": [ { "attachments": {}, "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# L5.1: Verbs II-Weak\n", "These verbs are also known as \"hollow roots\" or \"middle weak\" because they have a long vowel in place of middle radical. Any of the four vowels can appear as a theme vowel.\n", "\n", "## Theme vowel *ā*\n", "There are only few verbs with this theme vowel:\n", "\n", "```{admonition} Example\n", "*ibāš* (< *bâšum*) \"he became ashamed\".\n", "```\n", "\n", "## Theme vowel *ē*\n", "Also medial *aleph* are counted with the verbs of theme vowel *ē*\n", "\n", "```{admonition} Example\n", "*ibêl* (< *bêlum*) \"he is ruling\".\n", "```\n", "\n", "## Theme vowel *ū*\n", "Hollow verbs with the htme vowel *ū* are the most common.\n", "\n", "```{admonition} Example\n", "- *dâkum* \"to kill\".\n", "- *târum* \"to turn\"\n", "```\n", "\n", "## Theme vowel *ī*\n", "```{admonition} Example\n", "- *diānum* \"to pronounce a verdict\".\n", "- *qiāšum* \"to bestow\"\n", "- *šiānum* \"to urinate\"\n", "```\n", "\n", "## Conjugation of the verbs II-Weak\n", "\n", "- When the personal suffix is a vowel the third radical is doubled (geminated):\n", " ```{admonition} Example\n", " *ikâ**n***, *iku**nn**ū*\n", " ``` \n", "\n", "- In G Durative the root vowel appears:\n", " ```{admonition} Example\n", " *ik**â**n*, *ik**u**nnū*\n", " ``` \n", "That is the reason for presenting the plural form in the following conjugation table.\n", "\n", "| | Durative | Perfect | Preterite | Participle | Infinitve | Verbal Adjective |\n", "| ------- | -------------- | -------- | --------- | ------------ | -------- | --------------- | \n", "| G II-*ū* | *ikân*, *ikunnū* | *iktūn*, *iktūnū* | *ikūn*, *ikūnū* | *dāʾikum* | *kânum* | *kīnum* |\n", "| G II-*ī* | *iqīaš*, *iqiššū* | *iqtīš*, *iqtīšū* | *iqīš*, *iqīšū* | *qaʾišum* | *qâšum* | *qīšum* |\n", "| G II-*ā* | *ibâš*, *ibaššū* | *ibtaš*, *ibtašū* | *ibāš*, *ibāšū* | *baʾišum* | *bâšum** | -- |\n", "| G II-*ē* | *ibêl*, *ibellū* | *ibtēl*, *ibtēlū* | *ibēl*, *ibēlū* | **beʾilum* | *bêlum* | -- |\n" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Python 3", "language": "python", "name": "python3" }, "language_info": { "name": "python", "version": "3.10.0" }, "orig_nbformat": 4, "vscode": { "interpreter": { "hash": "5c26deda390e14352809ff5e3846854a2e41da099b7523d3f7fcda45a1663734" } } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 2 }