Disease Drivers
type: Ontology
version IRI: disdriv.owl
description: Drivers of human diseases including environmental, maternal and social exposures.
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
date: 20:03:2025 15:48
version info: 2025-03-20

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: The official definition.

Axiom
annotated source: definition
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The official definition.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl

description
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Description of the ontology.

Axiom
annotated source: description
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Description of the ontology.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

title
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Title of the ontology.

Axiom
annotated source: title
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Title of the ontology.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

license
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: License of the ontology.

Axiom
annotated source: license
annotated property: definition
annotated target: License of the ontology.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

database_cross_reference
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: Reference database or publication source.

Axiom
annotated source: database_cross_reference
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Reference database or publication source.
database_cross_reference: url:http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref

has exact synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

id
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: An identifier for an individual entity.

Axiom
annotated source: id
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An identifier for an individual entity.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020000

label
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A human readable name for this class.

Axiom
annotated source: label
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A human readable name for this class.
database_cross_reference: url:http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

part of
type: ObjectProperty

has part
type: ObjectProperty

has role
type: ObjectProperty

has_driver
type: ObjectProperty
definition: A relation between two entities, in which one of the entities is any natural or human-influenced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in the other entity.

Axiom
annotated source: has_driver
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A relation between two entities, in which one of the entities is any natural or human-influenced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in the other entity.
database_cross_reference: url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0007000

hexahydrophthalic anhydride
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
id: CHEBI:103210

Axiom
annotated source: hexahydrophthalic anhydride
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hexahydrophthalic-anhydride

1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane
type: Class
subclass of: flame retardant
definition: A bromoalkane consisting of cyclododecane bearing six bromo substituents at positions 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10.
has exact synonym: hexabromocyclododecane
id: CHEBI:134063

Axiom
annotated source: 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A bromoalkane consisting of cyclododecane bearing six bromo substituents at positions 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexabromocyclododecane
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/flame_retardants/index.cfm

endochrine disruptor
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system.
id: CHEBI:138015

Axiom
annotated source: endochrine disruptor
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cf

biotin
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
id: CHEBI:15956

Axiom
annotated source: biotin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547751/

ethanol
type: Class
subclass of: alcohol
definition: A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.
id: CHEBI:16236

Axiom
annotated source: ethanol
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

triclosan
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.
id: CHEBI:164200

Axiom
annotated source: triclosan
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

benzene
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C302
id: CHEBI:16716

Axiom
annotated source: benzene
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised pi system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271273/

formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
id: CHEBI:16842

Axiom
annotated source: formaldehyde
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/formaldehyde/index.cfm

brominated flame retardant
type: Class
subclass of: flame retardant
definition: A flame retardant that is brominated flame retardant, contain bromine and are the most abundantly used flame retardants. Used in many consumer goods, including electronics, furniture, building materials, etc. and have been linked to endocrine disruption among other effects.
id: CHEBI:172368

Axiom
annotated source: brominated flame retardant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A flame retardant that is brominated flame retardant, contain bromine and are the most abundantly used flame retardants. Used in many consumer goods, including electronics, furniture, building materials, etc. and have been linked to endocrine disruption among other effects.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/flame_retardants/index.cfm

glycol ether
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
id: CHEBI:172390

Axiom
annotated source: glycol ether
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycol_ethers
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/83-112/default.html
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/glycol-ethers.pdf

perfluoroalkyl substance
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: An endocrine disruptor that is perfluoroalkyl substance, used widely in industrial applications, such as firefighting foams and non-stick pan, paper, and textile coatings.
id: CHEBI:172397

Axiom
annotated source: perfluoroalkyl substance
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An endocrine disruptor that is perfluoroalkyl substance, used widely in industrial applications, such as firefighting foams and non-stick pan, paper, and textile coatings.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

carbon monoxide
type: Class
subclass of: poison
definition: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
id: CHEBI:17245

Axiom
annotated source: carbon monoxide
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.
database_cross_reference: url:https://medlineplus.gov/carbonmonoxidepoisoning.html
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm

cyanide
type: Class
subclass of: poison
definition: A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.
id: CHEBI:17514

Axiom
annotated source: cyanide
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.
database_cross_reference: url:https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/cyanide/basics/facts.asp

aflatoxin
type: Class
subclass of: toxin
definition: Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis (dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins.
id: CHEBI:22271

Axiom
annotated source: aflatoxin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis (dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds Aspergillus flavus or A. parasiticus, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/aflatoxins
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/aflatoxin-poisoning-pets

cadmium
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A heavy metal that is cadmium, a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores.
id: CHEBI:22977

Axiom
annotated source: cadmium
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A heavy metal that is cadmium, a soft, malleable, bluish white metal found in zinc ores.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.osha.gov/cadmium

lead
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A chemical driver that is composed of lead, which is found primarily in old paint, old paint dust, contaminated soil or contaminated drinking water.
id: CHEBI:25016

Axiom
annotated source: lead
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chemical driver that is composed of lead, which is found primarily in old paint, old paint dust, contaminated soil or contaminated drinking water.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/lead

mercury
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A heavy metal that is mercury, is toxic to living organisms, is an odorless, shiny, silver-white liquid that is commonly used in thermometers, barometers and fluorescent light bulbs.
id: CHEBI:25195

Axiom
annotated source: mercury
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A heavy metal that is mercury, is toxic to living organisms, is an odorless, shiny, silver-white liquid that is commonly used in thermometers, barometers and fluorescent light bulbs.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/mercury/index.cfm

phthalate
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: An endocrine disruptor that is phthalate, used to make plastics more flexible, they are also found in some food packaging, cosmetics, children’s toys, and medical devices. A family of benzene derivatives that are formed by esterification of phthalic acid. Phthalates are added to increase the flexibility and softness of commercial plastics, which are incorporated into a wide variety of consumer goods. Ingested phthalates may exhibit estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects or they may act as endocrine disruptors.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C152072
id: CHEBI:26092

Axiom
annotated source: phthalate
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An endocrine disruptor that is phthalate, used to make plastics more flexible, they are also found in some food packaging, cosmetics, children’s toys, and medical devices. A family of benzene derivatives that are formed by esterification of phthalic acid. Phthalates are added to increase the flexibility and softness of commercial plastics, which are incorporated into a wide variety of consumer goods. Ingested phthalates may exhibit estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects or they may act as endocrine disruptors.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

toxin
type: Class
subclass of: biological driver
id: CHEBI:27026

folic acid
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation.
id: CHEBI:27470

Axiom
annotated source: folic acid
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535377/

arsenic
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A heavy metal that is arsenic, a heavy metal that is poisonous at low concentrations.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C28131
id: CHEBI:27563

Axiom
annotated source: arsenic
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A heavy metal that is arsenic, a heavy metal that is poisonous at low concentrations.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/arsenic/index.cfm

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
id: CHEBI:27638

Axiom
annotated source: cobalt atom
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt

chromium
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A heavy metal that is chromium, a chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
id: CHEBI:28073

Axiom
annotated source: chromium
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A heavy metal that is chromium, a chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

acrylamide
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia.
database_cross_reference: DRON:00723948
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C44329
database_cross_reference: OMIT:0020033
id: CHEBI:28619

Axiom
annotated source: acrylamide
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/acrylamide/index.cf

thalium
type: Class
subclass of: heavy metal
definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).
id: CHEBI:30440

Axiom
annotated source: thalium
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750026.html

methylmercury
type: Class
subclass of: poison
definition: A poison that is methylmercury.
id: CHEBI:30785

Axiom
annotated source: methylmercury
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A poison that is methylmercury.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.epa.gov/mercury/how-people-are-exposed-mercury#methylmercury

alcohol
type: Class
subclass of: alcoholic beverage
definition: A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
id: CHEBI:30879

Axiom
annotated source: alcohol
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
database_cross_reference: url:https://medlineplus.gov/alcohol.html

bisphenol A
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
id: CHEBI:33216

Axiom
annotated source: bisphenol A
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/sya-bpa/index.cfm

3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A
type: Class
subclass of: flame retardant
definition: A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.
has exact synonym: tetrabromobisphenol A
id: CHEBI:33217

Axiom
annotated source: 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/flame_retardants/index.cfm

vitamin
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes.
id: CHEBI:33229

Axiom
annotated source: vitamin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin

nutrient
type: Class
subclass of: biological driver
definition: A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C157938
id: CHEBI:33284

Axiom
annotated source: nutrient
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients

chlorobiphenyl
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.
id: CHEBI:35446

Axiom
annotated source: chlorobiphenyl
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

diethylstilbestrol
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.
id: CHEBI:41922

Axiom
annotated source: diethylstilbestrol
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cdc.gov/des/consumers/about/index.html

asbestos
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C284
id: CHEBI:46661

Axiom
annotated source: asbestos
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements.
database_cross_reference: url:https://medlineplus.gov/asbestos.html

percholrate
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.
id: CHEBI:49706

Axiom
annotated source: percholrate
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

allergen
type: Class
subclass of: biological driver
definition: A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
id: CHEBI:50904

Axiom
annotated source: allergen
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/

isocyanates
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O.
id: CHEBI:53212

Axiom
annotated source: isocyanates
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O.
database_cross_reference: url:http://www.osha.gov/isocyanates

diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A diisocyanate consisting of diphenylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.
id: CHEBI:53218

Axiom
annotated source: diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A diisocyanate consisting of diphenylmethane with two isocyanate groups at the 4- and 4'-positions.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_diphenyl_diisocyanate

heavy metal
type: Class
subclass of: poison
definition: Any metal that is characterized by its rather high atomic mass and density. Although typically occurring in low concentrations, they can be found all throughout the Earth's crust (Commonly, a density of at least 5 g cm(3) is used to define a heavy metal and to differentiate it from other, ''light'' metals).
database_cross_reference: OMIT:0019292
id: CHEBI:5631

Axiom
annotated source: heavy metal
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any metal that is characterized by its rather high atomic mass and density. Although typically occurring in low concentrations, they can be found all throughout the Earth's crust (Commonly, a density of at least 5 g cm(3) is used to define a heavy metal and to differentiate it from other, ''light'' metals).
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals

poison
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
id: CHEBI:64909

Axiom
annotated source: poison
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison
database_cross_reference: url:https://medlineplus.gov/poisoning.html

phytoestrogen
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: Any compound produced by a plant that happens to have estrogenic activity.
id: CHEBI:76989

Axiom
annotated source: phytoestrogen
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any compound produced by a plant that happens to have estrogenic activity.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoestrogen
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

flame retardant
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
id: CHEBI:79314

Axiom
annotated source: flame retardant
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any compound that is added to manufactured materials to inhibit, suppress, or delay the production of flames and so prevent the spread of fire.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/flame_retardants/index.cfm

thalidomide
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A chemical driver that acts primarily by inhibiting both the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in stimulated peripheral monocytes and the activities of interleukins and interferons and also inhibits polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytosis.
id: CHEBI:9513

Axiom
annotated source: thalidomide
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chemical driver that acts primarily by inhibiting both the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in stimulated peripheral monocytes and the activities of interleukins and interferons and also inhibits polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytosis.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalidomide

disease driver
type: Class
definition: Environmental or genetic mechanisms driving the occurrance of complex diseases.
id: DISDRIV:0000000

Axiom
annotated source: disease driver
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Environmental or genetic mechanisms driving the occurrance of complex diseases.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4517741/

nutrient deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: disease driver
definition: A disease driver that is comprised of a shortage of a nutrient.
id: DISDRIV:0000001

Axiom
annotated source: nutrient deficiency
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A disease driver that is comprised of a shortage of a nutrient.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients

socioeconomic driver
type: Class
subclass of: disease driver
definition: A disease driver that is related to or concerning the interaction of social and economic factors.
id: DISDRIV:0000002

Axiom
annotated source: socioeconomic driver
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A disease driver that is related to or concerning the interaction of social and economic factors.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29709281/

biological driver
type: Class
subclass of: disease driver
definition: A disease driver that is of biological origin.
id: DISDRIV:0000003

Axiom
annotated source: biological driver
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A disease driver that is of biological origin.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45737/

deficiency of biotin
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient deficiency
definition: A nutrient deficiency of vitamin B7 (biotin) foods like eggs, milk, and bananas.
id: DISDRIV:0000004

Axiom
annotated source: deficiency of biotin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A nutrient deficiency of vitamin B7 (biotin) foods like eggs, milk, and bananas.
database_cross_reference: url:https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-Consumer/

deficiency of choline
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient deficiency
definition: A nutrient deficiency.
id: DISDRIV:0000005

Axiom
annotated source: deficiency of choline
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A nutrient deficiency.
database_cross_reference: url:https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-Consumer/
database_cross_reference: url:url:https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/

chemical driver
type: Class
subclass of: disease driver
definition: A disease driver that is a chemical.
id: DISDRIV:0000006

Axiom
annotated source: chemical driver
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A disease driver that is a chemical.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351546/

deficiency of vitamin C
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient deficiency
id: DISDRIV:0000007

fecal material
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation.
id: ENVO:00002003

Axiom
annotated source: fecal material
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces

cyclone
type: Class
subclass of: ecological perturbations
definition: An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre.
id: ENVO:01001297

Axiom
annotated source: cyclone
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone

algal bloom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system.
database_cross_reference: ENVO:02500018
id: ENVO:2000004

Axiom
annotated source: algal bloom
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/algal-blooms/index.cfm

ecological perturbations
type: Class
subclass of: disease driver
definition: An exposure stressor that is a change in the distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment.
id: ExO:0000007

Axiom
annotated source: ecological perturbations
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An exposure stressor that is a change in the distributions, abundance and relations of organisms and their interactions with the environment.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351546/

acid rain
type: Class
subclass of: ecological perturbations
definition: An ecological perturbation that is acidic water, usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
database_cross_reference: ENVO:03000127
database_cross_reference: OMIT:0016047
id: ExO:0000013

Axiom
annotated source: acid rain
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An ecological perturbation that is acidic water, usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351546/
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain

climate change
type: Class
subclass of: ecological perturbations
definition: An ecological pertubation that is any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
id: ExO:0000014

Axiom
annotated source: climate change
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An ecological pertubation that is any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351546/

poverty
type: Class
subclass of: socioeconomic driver
definition: A psychosocial agent that is a situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
id: ExO:0000015

Axiom
annotated source: poverty
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A psychosocial agent that is a situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ending-poverty
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview

alcoholic beverage
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
id: FOODON:00001579

Axiom
annotated source: alcoholic beverage
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_drink

vitamin B12
type: Class
subclass of: vitamin
definition: An essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C939
id: FOODON:03413761

Axiom
annotated source: vitamin B12
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An essential nutrient and natural water-soluble vitamin of the B-complex family that must combine with an intrinsic factor for absorption by the intestine, Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is necessary for hematopoiesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, and carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. B12 improves iron functions in the metabolic cycle and assists folic acid in choline synthesis. B12 metabolism is interconnected with that of folic acid. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and neurologic lesions.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/vitamins/vitamin-b12-deficiency

American house dust mite
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: An allergen that is an American house dust mite, microscopic, insect-like pests that commonly live in house dust. They feed on flakes of dead skin, or dander, that are shed by people and pets. These tiny creatures are a big source of allergens and can worsen allergies and asthma. Dust mites can live in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpets, and curtains in your home.
database_cross_reference: OMIT:0022964
has exact synonym: Dermatophagoides farinae
id: NCBITaxon:6954

Axiom
annotated source: American house dust mite
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An allergen that is an American house dust mite, microscopic, insect-like pests that commonly live in house dust. They feed on flakes of dead skin, or dander, that are shed by people and pets. These tiny creatures are a big source of allergens and can worsen allergies and asthma. Dust mites can live in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpets, and curtains in your home.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/dustmites/index.cfm

European house dust mite
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: An allergen that is an European house dust mite, microscopic, insect-like pests that commonly live in house dust. They feed on flakes of dead skin, or dander, that are shed by people and pets. These tiny creatures are a big source of allergens and can worsen allergies and asthma. Dust mites can live in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpets, and curtains in your home.
id: NCBITaxon:6956

Axiom
annotated source: European house dust mite
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An allergen that is an European house dust mite, microscopic, insect-like pests that commonly live in house dust. They feed on flakes of dead skin, or dander, that are shed by people and pets. These tiny creatures are a big source of allergens and can worsen allergies and asthma. Dust mites can live in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpets, and curtains in your home.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/dustmites/index.cfm

microorganism
type: Class
subclass of: biological driver
definition: A biological agent that is a microorganism, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi. A microscopic organism. The term microorganism may refer to a prokaryote or eukaryote, and may be a unicellular or multicellular organism. All taxonomic kingdoms contain microorganisms.
id: NCIT:C14329

Axiom
annotated source: microorganism
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biological agent that is a microorganism, including bacteria, viruses, or fungi. A microscopic organism. The term microorganism may refer to a prokaryote or eukaryote, and may be a unicellular or multicellular organism. All taxonomic kingdoms contain microorganisms.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.osha.gov/biological-agents

choline
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
id: CHEBI:15354

Axiom
annotated source: choline
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
database_cross_reference: url:https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/

botulinum toxin
type: Class
subclass of: toxin
definition: A biological toxin that is botulinum toxin, caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum.
database_cross_reference: FBbi:00000465
id: NCIT:C163032

Axiom
annotated source: botulinum toxin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A biological toxin that is botulinum toxin, caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.osha.gov/botulism

mold
type: Class
subclass of: microorganism
definition: A very large group of microscopic fungi that live on plant or animal matter. Most are filamentous organisms and produce spores that can be air-, water-, or insect-borne.
id: NCIT:C28266

Axiom
annotated source: mold
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A very large group of microscopic fungi that live on plant or animal matter. Most are filamentous organisms and produce spores that can be air-, water-, or insect-borne.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/mold/index.cfm

carbamazepine
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.
id: CHEBI:3387

Axiom
annotated source: carbamazepine
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.
database_cross_reference: url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbamazepine
database_cross_reference: url:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26329145/

copper
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: An element with atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.
id: NCIT:C391

Axiom
annotated source: copper
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An element with atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637704/

chromium hexavalent compound
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A highly corrosive, inorganic substance that contains the metallic element chromium in its positive-6 valence state. Chromium hexavalent compounds are used in stainless steel production, in chrome plating, in the manufacture of dyes and pigments, in leather tanning, in wood preservation and are used as corrosion inhibitors. Inhalation exposure of these compounds mainly affects the respiratory tract causing shortness of breath, nasal itching, asthma, coughing, bronchitis and pneumonia, but can also affect the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. Chromium hexavalent compounds are carcinogenic in humans and are associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer and cancer of the sinonasal cavity.
id: NCIT:C44357

Axiom
annotated source: chromium hexavalent compound
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A highly corrosive, inorganic substance that contains the metallic element chromium in its positive-6 valence state. Chromium hexavalent compounds are used in stainless steel production, in chrome plating, in the manufacture of dyes and pigments, in leather tanning, in wood preservation and are used as corrosion inhibitors. Inhalation exposure of these compounds mainly affects the respiratory tract causing shortness of breath, nasal itching, asthma, coughing, bronchitis and pneumonia, but can also affect the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and the immune system. Chromium hexavalent compounds are carcinogenic in humans and are associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer and cancer of the sinonasal cavity.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/hex-chromium/index.cf

iodine
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: An element that is necessary for the body to make thyroid hormone. It is found in shellfish and iodized salt.
database_cross_reference: CHEBI:24859
id: NCIT:C594

Axiom
annotated source: iodine
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An element that is necessary for the body to make thyroid hormone. It is found in shellfish and iodized salt.
database_cross_reference: url:https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/

iron
type: Class
subclass of: nutrient
definition: An important mineral the body needs to make hemoglobin, a substance in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. Iron is also an important part of many other proteins and enzymes needed by the body for normal growth and development. It is found in red meat, fish, poultry, lentils, beans, and foods with iron added, such as cereal.
database_cross_reference: CHEBI:18248
id: NCIT:C598

Axiom
annotated source: iron
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An important mineral the body needs to make hemoglobin, a substance in the blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. Iron is also an important part of many other proteins and enzymes needed by the body for normal growth and development. It is found in red meat, fish, poultry, lentils, beans, and foods with iron added, such as cereal.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/iron-deficiency-adults

accutane
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A chemical driver that is accutane (retinoic acid), a medication primarily used to treat severe acne.
has exact synonym: Isotretinoin
id: NCIT:C603

Axiom
annotated source: accutane
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chemical driver that is accutane (retinoic acid), a medication primarily used to treat severe acne.

niacin
type: Class
subclass of: vitamin
definition: A water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP. These coenzymes play an important role in tissue respiration and in glycogen, lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism. Although the exact mechanism of action by which niacin lowers cholesterol is not fully understood, it may act by inhibiting the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, and reducing the hepatic synthesis of VLDL-C and LDL-C.
id: NCIT:C689

Axiom
annotated source: niacin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP. These coenzymes play an important role in tissue respiration and in glycogen, lipid, amino acid, protein, and purine metabolism. Although the exact mechanism of action by which niacin lowers cholesterol is not fully understood, it may act by inhibiting the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, increasing lipoprotein lipase activity, and reducing the hepatic synthesis of VLDL-C and LDL-C.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557728/

pollen
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: The male genetic material of a seed plant contained in the anther, usually appearing as fine grains or dust.
database_cross_reference: BTO:0001097
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C79660
id: NCIT:C79660

Axiom
annotated source: pollen
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The male genetic material of a seed plant contained in the anther, usually appearing as fine grains or dust.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/pollen/index.cfm

ricin toxin
type: Class
subclass of: toxin
definition: A phytotoxin and lectin comprised of a homodimer of ricin toxin A and B chains derived from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant, with protein synthesis inhibitory activity and extremely high cytotoxicity. Following ingestion, inhalation or injection of ricin, the B chain binds to complex carbohydrates containing either terminal N-acetylgalactosamine or beta-1,4-linked galactose residues on the surface of cells. Subsequently, the ricin A/B heterodimer is internalized and undergoes retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, the A chain, which has enzymatic activity that is sterically hindered by the B chain, is proteolytically released from the heterodimer by protein disulfide isomerase. In the ER, the free A chain has N-glycosidase activity that cleaves 28S rRNA. This enzymatic cleavage disrupts the ribosome, halts protein synthesis, and can lead to cell death. The extreme cytotoxicity of ricin makes it an attractive candidate for artificial fusion with binding proteins to create cell-type-specific toxins.
database_cross_reference: OMIT:0013190
id: NCIT:C809

Axiom
annotated source: ricin toxin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A phytotoxin and lectin comprised of a homodimer of ricin toxin A and B chains derived from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant, with protein synthesis inhibitory activity and extremely high cytotoxicity. Following ingestion, inhalation or injection of ricin, the B chain binds to complex carbohydrates containing either terminal N-acetylgalactosamine or beta-1,4-linked galactose residues on the surface of cells. Subsequently, the ricin A/B heterodimer is internalized and undergoes retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, the A chain, which has enzymatic activity that is sterically hindered by the B chain, is proteolytically released from the heterodimer by protein disulfide isomerase. In the ER, the free A chain has N-glycosidase activity that cleaves 28S rRNA. This enzymatic cleavage disrupts the ribosome, halts protein synthesis, and can lead to cell death. The extreme cytotoxicity of ricin makes it an attractive candidate for artificial fusion with binding proteins to create cell-type-specific toxins.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.osha.gov/ricin

blood product
type: Class
subclass of: biological driver
definition: Any natural or synthetic composition that replicates the structure or function of a native component of blood.
id: NCIT:C81304

Axiom
annotated source: blood product
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Any natural or synthetic composition that replicates the structure or function of a native component of blood.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539826/

tobacco smoke
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: Smoke from burning tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, or pipes) and exhaled by a smoker. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, a stimulant, and other biologically active chemicals having carcinogenic properties.
id: NCIT:C829

Axiom
annotated source: tobacco smoke
annotated property: definition
annotated target: Smoke from burning tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, or pipes) and exhaled by a smoker. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, a stimulant, and other biologically active chemicals having carcinogenic properties.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/index.htm
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043318
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/smoke/index.cfm

vitamin K
type: Class
subclass of: vitamin
definition: The term "vitamin K" refers to a group of chemically similar fat-soluble compounds called naphthoquinones: vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is found in plants and is the primary source of vitamin K for humans through dietary consumption, vitamin K2 compounds (menaquinones) are made by bacteria in the human gut, and vitamin K3 (menadione) is a water-soluble preparation available for adults only. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to produce the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the clotting factors protein C, protein S, and protein Z; vitamin K deficiency can result in deficiencies of these coagulation factors and excess bleeding. An injection of vitamin K is routinely given to newborn infants to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding, also known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Vitamin K deficiency is rare in adults but may result from chronic malnutrition or an inability to absorb dietary vitamins.
database_cross_reference: CHEBI:28384
id: NCIT:C943

Axiom
annotated source: vitamin K
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The term "vitamin K" refers to a group of chemically similar fat-soluble compounds called naphthoquinones: vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is found in plants and is the primary source of vitamin K for humans through dietary consumption, vitamin K2 compounds (menaquinones) are made by bacteria in the human gut, and vitamin K3 (menadione) is a water-soluble preparation available for adults only. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to produce the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the clotting factors protein C, protein S, and protein Z; vitamin K deficiency can result in deficiencies of these coagulation factors and excess bleeding. An injection of vitamin K is routinely given to newborn infants to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding, also known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Vitamin K deficiency is rare in adults but may result from chronic malnutrition or an inability to absorb dietary vitamins.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536983/

air pollution
type: Class
subclass of: chemical driver
definition: A chemical driver that is air pollution, that is composed of a mixture of chemical and particulate matter pollutants in outdoor air, including but not limited to carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dixoide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and fine partiuculate matter. Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation, particularly coal-fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical production are the primary sources of human-made air pollution. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air.
database_cross_reference: ENVO:02500037
id: OMIT:0001823

Axiom
annotated source: air pollution
annotated property: definition
annotated target: A chemical driver that is air pollution, that is composed of a mixture of chemical and particulate matter pollutants in outdoor air, including but not limited to carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dixoide, nitrogen dioxide, lead, and fine partiuculate matter. Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation, particularly coal-fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical production are the primary sources of human-made air pollution. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/air-pollution-current-and-future-challenges
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/air-pollution/index.cfm

cockroaches
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: An allergen that is a cockroach, a source of indoor allergens.
database_cross_reference: NCBITaxon:85823
id: OMIT:0004368

Axiom
annotated source: cockroaches
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An allergen that is a cockroach, a source of indoor allergens.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/dustmites/index.cfm

dioxin
type: Class
subclass of: endochrine disruptor
definition: An endocrine disruptor that is dioxin, are mainly byproducts of industrial practices. They are produced through a variety of incineration processes, including improper municipal waste incineration and burning of trash, and can be released into the air during natural processes, such as forest fires and volcanoes.
database_cross_reference: NCIT:C442
id: OMIT:0005411

Axiom
annotated source: dioxin
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An endocrine disruptor that is dioxin, are mainly byproducts of industrial practices. They are produced through a variety of incineration processes, including improper municipal waste incineration and burning of trash, and can be released into the air during natural processes, such as forest fires and volcanoes.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/dioxins/index.cfm

dander
type: Class
subclass of: allergen
definition: An allergen that is dander, may trigger allergy symptoms like sneezing or red, itchy eyes. Pet dander, the source of allergens, is composed of tiny, even microscopic, proteins from flecks of skin shed by pets.
id: OMIT:0028282

Axiom
annotated source: dander
annotated property: definition
annotated target: An allergen that is dander, may trigger allergy symptoms like sneezing or red, itchy eyes. Pet dander, the source of allergens, is composed of tiny, even microscopic, proteins from flecks of skin shed by pets.
database_cross_reference: url:https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/allergens/pets/index.cfm

feces
type: Class
subclass of: fecal material
definition: The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.
id: NCIT:C13234

Axiom
annotated source: feces
annotated property: definition
annotated target: The material discharged from the bowel during defecation. It consists of undigested food, intestinal mucus, epithelial cells, and bacteria.
database_cross_reference: url:https://nchh.org/information-and-evidence/learn-about-healthy-housing/health-hazards-prevention-and-solutions/rodents/