Performance Summary Display Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: psdo.owl
imports: stato.owl
imports: iao.owl
imports: core.owl
contributor: Dahee Lee
contributor: Shelbi Lisecki
contributor: Veena Panicker
creator: Colin Gross
creator: Cooper Stansbury
creator: John Rincon
creator: Zach Landis-Lewis
description: Performance Summary Display Ontology (PSDO) is an application ontology about motivating information in performance summaries and the visual and textual entities that are used to communicate about performance. Motivating information includes performance comparisons and changes that motivate improvement or sustainment, such as improvement towards a goal, loss of high performer status, or the presence of a performance gap. Visual and textual entities include charts, tables, and graphs that display performance information. PSDO's domain focus is healthcare organizations that use clinical quality dashboards and feedback interventions for healthcare professionals and teams. Performance information is commonly about the quality of care and health outcomes that have been derived from clinical data using performance measures (aka metrics, process indicators, quality measures, etc). PSDO uses Basic Formal Ontology as its upper level ontology. This work is supported by the NIH, National Library of Medicine (1K01LM012528-01, 1R01LM013894-01). Landis-Lewis Z, Stansbury C, Rincón J, Gross C. Performance Summary Display Ontology: Feedback intervention content, delivery, and interpreted information. International Conference on Biomedical Ontology 2022 (ICBO 2022). https://icbo-conference.github.io/icbo2022/papers/ICBO-2022_paper_2172.pdf
language: en
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
version info: 1.0.1

described by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: Organization
  union of: Person
IAO_0000115: Relationship between foaf:Person or foaf:Organization and an information content entity. The ICE represents data about the person such as their performance capabilities or situation.

relational information display
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000051
  some values from: relational information display component
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000058
  some values from: mark collection
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that displays relations between sets in a concretized collection of display components.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.
IAO_0000232: Zhang’s notion of 'dimension' relies on an understanding of ‘distributed representations’ which have both an 'internal' and an 'external' component. Each sets (see 'representing sets') has a quality of 'being distrobuted between internal (the cognition and representation of the sets as such) and external (the 'mark).' See: Zhang J, Norman DA. Representations in distributed cognitive tasks. Cognitive Science. 1994 Jan 1;18(1):87–122.

performance summary display template
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is the collection of specification and metadata associated with a generalized potential information display.

performance summary display
type: Class
subclass of: relational information display
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: IAO_0000136
  some values from: represented set
IAO_0000115: A relational information display whose display components bear some combination of sets (roles): ascribee set, performance measure set, performance set, or time set.
IAO_0000117: Cooper Stansbury, John Rincon, Dahee Lee, Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross
IAO_0000232: All subclasses of 'performance summary display' are defined classes based on cardinality of marks that realize specific represented set roles.
IAO_0000232: It is the authors current belief that the necessary and sufficient definiton of 'performance summary display' mandates that at least two set must be realized.

represented set
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000052
    some values from: mark
  union of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000052
    some values from: mark collection
IAO_0000115: A role inhering in the set of attributes of a mark in a relational information display that share a scale type and that convey information about another entity.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.
IAO_0000232: 'Represented sets' are realized in the processes perception, design or cognition.
IAO_0000232: There is a distinction between elements and sets. Sets are groups, or sets of elements (with cardinality of at least one). At this time we do not know if elements with different roles can exist in a set with a different name, i.e., an acribee role within a time set. It seems unlikely that this is possible.

relational information display component
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: BFO_0000050
  some values from: relational information display
IAO_0000112: An axis, a title of an axis or of a graph, a bar in a bar graph, a line in a line graph, a textual entity in a table.
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is a proper part of a relational information display and is concretized by a mark.
IAO_0000232: Munzner T. Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business; 2015. 404 p. (A.K. Peters visualization series).
IAO_0000232: The material entity that concretizes the information content entity has the capability to bear some role 'represented sets' or 'focal element, ect...

ascribee set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the mark attributes are about entities that have attributed performance data.
IAO_0000232: The elements of an 'ascribee set' typically represent people, organizations, or groups. They can also represent statistics, targets, or goals. The possible overlap with 'performance measure set' is justified by the creative liberties taken by the designer of the performance summary display.

comparative element
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee element
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000052
    some values from: mark
  union of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000052
    some values from: mark collection
IAO_0000115: A role inhering in a mark that is disjoint with a focal element and that has the same scale type as the focal element.

scale type
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A quality that is the abstract measurement property of a concretized display component.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.

interval scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A scale type with three formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale and that (3) the magnitude of an instance represented by a unit on the scale is the same regardless of where on the scale the unit falls.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.

ratio scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A scale type with four formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale, that (3) the magnitude of an instance represented by a unit on the scale is the same regardless of where on the scale the unit falls and (4) an absolute zero value can indicate that nothing at all of the property being represented exists.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.

ordinal scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A scale type with two formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.

nominal scale
type: Class
subclass of: scale type
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A scale type with one formal property that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other.
IAO_0000119: Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.

performance trend quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
IAO_0000115: A relational quality of the perceived general movement of a mark, or set of marks that is integrated over a time set.

performance gap quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000145
IAO_0000115: A relational quality of the perceived distance between marks.

performance report
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000088
IAO_0000115: A report designed for the purpose of providing performance summary information to a recipient of an intervention.

performance measure set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000112: Two sepearate performance measure elements might be 'appropriate perscriptions of Drug A' and 'appropriate perscriptions of Drug B.' Each performance has a method for measurement that is specific to the type of drug (A or B) prescription behavior.
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about the methods of measuring behavior.

time set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about time.

performance set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about measurements, decisions, aggregates, or calculations related to measured behavior.
IAO_0000232: Performance set can include entities like performance values (all scale types)

focal element
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000052
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A role inhering in a mark that conveys specific information to the recipient of a performance summary report realized through the acts of perception.

recipient element
type: Class
subclass of: focal element
IAO_0000115: A focal element that conveys information about identity to the recipient of the performance summary report.

social comparator element
type: Class
subclass of: comparative element
IAO_0000115: A comparative element that conveys information about an entity that has an attributed performance level.

goal comparator element
type: Class
subclass of: comparative element
IAO_0000115: A comparative element that conveys information about a desired future performance level.

standard comparator element
type: Class
subclass of: comparative element
IAO_0000115: A comparative element that conveys information about a predetermined performance level.

shape
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute of external form or contour.
IAO_0000119: "shape, n.1." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/177498. Accessed 28 June 2018.

color hue
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute by virtue of which some thing appears to have a 'pure' color.
IAO_0000119: "colour | color, n.1." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/36596. Accessed 28 June 2018.

position
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute of relation in which a thing stands with respect to another or others.
IAO_0000119: "position, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/148314. Accessed 28 June 2018.
IAO_0000232: 'Position’ may actually be a relational quality in BFO because is depends on multiple entities.

angle
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute of the magnitude of the degree of divergence of two things from one another.
IAO_0000119: "angle, n.2." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/7542. Accessed 28 June 2018.
IAO_0000232: 'Angle’ may actually be a relational quality in BFO because is depends on multiple entities.

texture
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute of constitution, structure, or substance of anything with regard to its constituents or formative element.
IAO_0000119: "texture, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/200031. Accessed 28 June 2018.

mark length
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: The quality of linear magnitude of any thing as measured from end to end
IAO_0000119: "length, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/107245. Accessed 28 June 2018.
IAO_0000232: rdfs:Label property is 'mark length' to distinguish from the PATO class 'length.'

attribute
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000015
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0000080
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: An information carrier that can be measured, observed, or logged.
IAO_0000119: Munzner T. Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business; 2015. 404 p. (A.K. Peters visualization series).
IAO_0000232: This is also called a 'channel' by T. Munzner. "A channel is a way to control the appearance of marks independent of the dimensionality of the goemetric primitive." T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.

mark
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: IAO_0000178
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: RO_0000053
    some values from: Restriction
      on property: RO_0000059
      some values from: relational information display component
subclass of: IAO_0000178
IAO_0000112: Ink on paper or pixels on a screen (non-exhaustive).
IAO_0000115: A material information bearer that is a basic visual element of a relational information display.
IAO_0000119: Munzner T. Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business; 2015. 404 p. (A.K. Peters visualization series).

mark collection
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000027
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: RO_0002351
  some values from: mark
IAO_0000115: A object aggregate of marks.

represented element
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000023
IAO_0000115: A role born by a member of a represented set.
IAO_0000232: It is possible that elements and sets are realized in different, but similar processes.
IAO_0000232: The distinction between an element and a role is one of plurality. The set refers to the set of entities that bear represented roles, while the represented element is born by each element of the set.

performance measure element
type: Class
subclass of: represented element
IAO_0000115: A represented element that is born by a member of a performance measure set.

time element
type: Class
subclass of: represented element
IAO_0000115: A represented element that is born by a member of a time set.

performance level element
type: Class
subclass of: represented element
IAO_0000115: A represented element that is born by a member of a performance set.

ascribee element
type: Class
subclass of: represented element
IAO_0000115: A represented element that is born by a member of an acribee set.

performer element
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee element
IAO_0000115: An ascribee element where the mark attributes are about a living system.

performer set
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee set
IAO_0000115: An ascribee set where the mark attributes are about a living system.

curvature
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute of the degree from which a curve deviates from a straight line.
IAO_0000119: “curvature | Definition of curvature in English by Oxford Dictionaries,” Oxford Dictionaries | English. [Online]. Available: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/curvature. [Accessed: 20-Feb-2019].

position on common scale
type: Class
subclass of: position
IAO_0000115: A position where the distance between marks is on the same scale.
IAO_0000119: T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.
IAO_0000232: This, like the superclass, may actually be a BFO 'relational quality' that holds between sets of marks.

position on unaligned scale
type: Class
subclass of: position
IAO_0000115: A position where the distance between marks is not on the same scale.
IAO_0000119: T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.

area
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute that is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape in a plane.
IAO_0000119: “Area,” Wikipedia. 14-Feb-2019.

color saturation
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute that is the amount of white content mixed with a pure color, or mixture of pure colors.
IAO_0000119: T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.

color lightness
type: Class
subclass of: attribute
IAO_0000115: An attribute that is the amount of black content mixed with a pure color, or mixture of pure colors.
IAO_0000119: T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.

comparator content
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee content
IAO_0000115: Ascribee content that is used to identify a discrepancy with the performance level of the recipient of an intervention.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

goal comparator content
type: Class
subclass of: comparator content
IAO_0000115: Comparator content that has been ascribed a desired future performance level.
IAO_0000117: Veena Panicker, Colin Gross, Shelbi Lisecki, Cooper Stansbury, Zach Landis-Lewis

social comparator content
type: Class
subclass of: comparator content
IAO_0000115: Comparator content about living systems that are ascribed a performance level.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

standard comparator content
type: Class
subclass of: comparator content
IAO_0000115: Comparator content that has been ascribed a predetermined performance level.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

recipient content
type: Class
subclass of: ascribee content
IAO_0000115: Ascribee content that is about a living system to whom an intervention is directed.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

performance summary document
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000310
IAO_0000115: A document that is an aggregate of information content entities about performance levels, performance measures, time intervals, and ascribees.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Cooper Stansbury, Colin Gross
IAO_0000119: Lee D, Panicker V, Gross C, Zhang J, Landis-Lewis Z. What was visualized? A method for describing content of performance summary displays in feedback interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 23;20(1):90.

positive performance trend content
type: Class
subclass of: performance trend content
IAO_0000115: A performance trend that is improving
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

negative performance trend content
type: Class
subclass of: performance trend content
IAO_0000115: A performance trend that is worsening
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

performance trend content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about a change in performance
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

performance measure content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity about a method of measuring performance.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

performance level content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about the output value of a method of measuring performance.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

positive performance comparison content
type: Class
subclass of: performance comparison content
IAO_0000115: A performance gap content entity having a recipient performance level that is better than its comparator performance level
IAO_0000117: Yujia Tian
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis
IAO_0000118: positive performance gap content

negative performance comparison content
type: Class
subclass of: performance comparison content
IAO_0000115: A performance gap content entity having a comparator performance level that is better than its recipient performance level.
IAO_0000117: Yujia Tian
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis
IAO_0000118: negative performance gap content

performance comparison content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about a discrepancy between performance levels.
IAO_0000117: Yujia Tian
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis
IAO_0000118: performance gap content

performance content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is an aggregate of performance level content entities.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

ascribee content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about an entity that is ascribed a performance value.
IAO_0000117: Veena Panicker, Colin Gross, Shelbi Lisecki, Cooper Stansbury, Zach Landis-Lewis

performance summary textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000300
IAO_0000115: A textual entity about performance levels, measures, ascribees, and time.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

time interval content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about a unit of time.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

achievement content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about a change from a negative performance gap to a positive performance gap
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

loss content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is about a change from a positive performance gap to a negative performance gap
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

performance summary section
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000314
IAO_0000115: A document part designed for the purpose of providing information about performance levels, measures, ascribees, and time to a recipient of an intervention.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross
IAO_0000119: Lee D, Panicker V, Gross C, Zhang J, Landis-Lewis Z. What was visualized? A method for describing content of performance summary displays in feedback interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 23;20(1):90.

performance gap set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the mark attributes are about a discrepancy between performance levels.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

negative performance gap set
type: Class
subclass of: performance gap set
IAO_0000115: A performance gap set where the mark attributes are about a comparator performance level that is better than the recipient performance level.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

positive performance gap set
type: Class
subclass of: performance gap set
IAO_0000115: A performance gap set where the mark attributes are about a recipient performance level that is better than a comparator performance level.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

performance trend set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change in performance.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

negative performance trend set
type: Class
subclass of: performance trend set
IAO_0000115: A performance trend set where the mark attributes are about worsening.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

positive performance trend set
type: Class
subclass of: performance trend set
IAO_0000115: A performance trend set where the mark attributes are about improvement.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

achievement set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change from a negative performance gap to a positive performance gap.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

loss set
type: Class
subclass of: represented set
IAO_0000115: A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change from a positive performance gap to a negative performance gap.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross

top performer benchmark
type: Class
subclass of: social comparator content
IAO_0000115: Social comparator content that is about a percentile for a performance level that is better than average.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

90th percentile benchmark
type: Class
subclass of: top performer benchmark
IAO_0000115: A top performer benchmark that is ascribed the performance level of the 90th percentile for a population.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

75th percentile benchmark
type: Class
subclass of: top performer benchmark
IAO_0000115: A top performer benchmark that is ascribed the performance level of the 75th percentile for a population.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

peer average comparator
type: Class
subclass of: average comparator
IAO_0000115: An average comparator that is about an institutional peer group.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Allen Flynn

average comparator
type: Class
subclass of: social comparator content
IAO_0000115: Social comparator content that is about a mean performance level for a population.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis

peer 75th percentile benchmark
type: Class
subclass of: 75th percentile benchmark
IAO_0000115: A 75th percentile benchmark that is about an institutional peer group.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Allen Flynn

peer 90th percentile benchmark
type: Class
subclass of: 90th percentile benchmark
IAO_0000115: A 90th percentile benchmark that is about an institutional peer group.
IAO_0000117: Zach Landis-Lewis, Allen Flynn

consecutive performance gap content
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
IAO_0000115: An information content entity that is an aggregate of performance gaps having the same type in a non-interrupted set of temporal intervals.
IAO_0000117: Thandiwe-Kesi Robins, Zach Landis-Lewis