Dahee Lee
Shelbi Lisecki
Veena Panicker
Colin Gross
Cooper Stansbury
John Rincon
Zach Landis-Lewis
Performance Summary Display Ontology (PSDO) is an application ontology about motivating information in performance summaries and the visual and textual entities that are used to communicate about performance. Motivating information includes performance comparisons and changes that motivate improvement or sustainment, such as improvement towards a goal, loss of high performer status, or the presence of a performance gap. Visual and textual entities include charts, tables, and graphs that display performance information. PSDO's domain focus is healthcare organizations that use clinical quality dashboards and feedback interventions for healthcare professionals and teams. Performance information is commonly about the quality of care and health outcomes that have been derived from clinical data using performance measures (aka metrics, process indicators, quality measures, etc). PSDO uses Basic Formal Ontology as its upper level ontology. This work is supported by the NIH, National Library of Medicine (1K01LM012528-01, 1R01LM013894-01). Landis-Lewis Z, Stansbury C, Rincón J, Gross C. Performance Summary Display Ontology: Feedback intervention content, delivery, and interpreted information. International Conference on Biomedical Ontology 2022 (ICBO 2022). https://icbo-conference.github.io/icbo2022/papers/ICBO-2022_paper_2172.pdf
Performance Summary Display Ontology
Relationship between foaf:Person or foaf:Organization and an information content entity. The ICE represents data about the person such as their performance capabilities or situation.
An information content entity that displays relations between sets in a concretized collection of display components.
Zhang J. A representational analysis of relational information displays. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1996 Jul 1;45(1):59–74.
Zhang’s notion of 'dimension' relies on an understanding of ‘distributed representations’ which have both an 'internal' and an 'external' component. Each sets (see 'representing sets') has a quality of 'being distrobuted between internal (the cognition and representation of the sets as such) and external (the 'mark).' See: Zhang J, Norman DA. Representations in distributed cognitive tasks. Cognitive Science. 1994 Jan 1;18(1):87–122.
relational information display
An information content entity that is the collection of specification and metadata associated with a generalized potential information display.
performance summary display template
A relational information display whose display components bear some combination of sets (roles): ascribee set, performance measure set, performance set, or time set.
Cooper Stansbury, John Rincon, Dahee Lee, Zach Landis-Lewis, Colin Gross
All subclasses of 'performance summary display' are defined classes based on cardinality of marks that realize specific represented set roles.
It is the authors current belief that the necessary and sufficient definiton of 'performance summary display' mandates that at least two set must be realized.
performance summary display
A role inhering in the set of attributes of a mark in a relational information display that share a scale type and that convey information about another entity.
'Represented sets' are realized in the processes perception, design or cognition.
There is a distinction between elements and sets. Sets are groups, or sets of elements (with cardinality of at least one). At this time we do not know if elements with different roles can exist in a set with a different name, i.e., an acribee role within a time set. It seems unlikely that this is possible.
represented set
An axis, a title of an axis or of a graph, a bar in a bar graph, a line in a line graph, a textual entity in a table.
An information content entity that is a proper part of a relational information display and is concretized by a mark.
Munzner T. Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business; 2015. 404 p. (A.K. Peters visualization series).
The material entity that concretizes the information content entity has the capability to bear some role 'represented sets' or 'focal element, ect...
relational information display component
A represented set where the mark attributes are about entities that have attributed performance data.
The elements of an 'ascribee set' typically represent people, organizations, or groups. They can also represent statistics, targets, or goals. The possible overlap with 'performance measure set' is justified by the creative liberties taken by the designer of the performance summary display.
ascribee set
A role inhering in a mark that is disjoint with a focal element and that has the same scale type as the focal element.
comparative element
A quality that is the abstract measurement property of a concretized display component.
scale type
A scale type with three formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale and that (3) the magnitude of an instance represented by a unit on the scale is the same regardless of where on the scale the unit falls.
interval scale
A scale type with four formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale, that (3) the magnitude of an instance represented by a unit on the scale is the same regardless of where on the scale the unit falls and (4) an absolute zero value can indicate that nothing at all of the property being represented exists.
ratio scale
A scale type with two formal properties that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other and (2) that one instance on a scale can be judged greater than, less than, or equal to another instance on the same scale.
ordinal scale
A scale type with one formal property that (1) the instances can be distinguished from each other.
nominal scale
A relational quality of the perceived general movement of a mark, or set of marks that is integrated over a time set.
performance trend quality
A relational quality of the perceived distance between marks.
performance gap quality
A report designed for the purpose of providing performance summary information to a recipient of an intervention.
performance report
Two sepearate performance measure elements might be 'appropriate perscriptions of Drug A' and 'appropriate perscriptions of Drug B.' Each performance has a method for measurement that is specific to the type of drug (A or B) prescription behavior.
A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about the methods of measuring behavior.
performance measure set
A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about time.
time set
A represented set where the attributes of the mark are about measurements, decisions, aggregates, or calculations related to measured behavior.
Performance set can include entities like performance values (all scale types)
performance set
A role inhering in a mark that conveys specific information to the recipient of a performance summary report realized through the acts of perception.
focal element
A focal element that conveys information about identity to the recipient of the performance summary report.
recipient element
A comparative element that conveys information about an entity that has an attributed performance level.
social comparator element
A comparative element that conveys information about a desired future performance level.
goal comparator element
A comparative element that conveys information about a predetermined performance level.
standard comparator element
An attribute of external form or contour.
"shape, n.1." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/177498. Accessed 28 June 2018.
shape
An attribute by virtue of which some thing appears to have a 'pure' color.
"colour | color, n.1." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/36596. Accessed 28 June 2018.
color hue
An attribute of relation in which a thing stands with respect to another or others.
"position, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/148314. Accessed 28 June 2018.
'Position’ may actually be a relational quality in BFO because is depends on multiple entities.
position
An attribute of the magnitude of the degree of divergence of two things from one another.
"angle, n.2." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/7542. Accessed 28 June 2018.
'Angle’ may actually be a relational quality in BFO because is depends on multiple entities.
angle
An attribute of constitution, structure, or substance of anything with regard to its constituents or formative element.
"texture, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/200031. Accessed 28 June 2018.
texture
The quality of linear magnitude of any thing as measured from end to end
"length, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/107245. Accessed 28 June 2018.
rdfs:Label property is 'mark length' to distinguish from the PATO class 'length.'
mark length
An information carrier that can be measured, observed, or logged.
This is also called a 'channel' by T. Munzner. "A channel is a way to control the appearance of marks independent of the dimensionality of the goemetric primitive." T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.
attribute
Ink on paper or pixels on a screen (non-exhaustive).
A material information bearer that is a basic visual element of a relational information display.
mark
A object aggregate of marks.
mark collection
A role born by a member of a represented set.
It is possible that elements and sets are realized in different, but similar processes.
The distinction between an element and a role is one of plurality. The set refers to the set of entities that bear represented roles, while the represented element is born by each element of the set.
represented element
A represented element that is born by a member of a performance measure set.
performance measure element
A represented element that is born by a member of a time set.
time element
A represented element that is born by a member of a performance set.
performance level element
A represented element that is born by a member of an acribee set.
ascribee element
An ascribee element where the mark attributes are about a living system.
performer element
An ascribee set where the mark attributes are about a living system.
performer set
An attribute of the degree from which a curve deviates from a straight line.
“curvature | Definition of curvature in English by Oxford Dictionaries,” Oxford Dictionaries | English. [Online]. Available: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/curvature. [Accessed: 20-Feb-2019].
curvature
A position where the distance between marks is on the same scale.
T. Munzner, Visualization analysis and design. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, 2015.
This, like the superclass, may actually be a BFO 'relational quality' that holds between sets of marks.
position on common scale
A position where the distance between marks is not on the same scale.
position on unaligned scale
An attribute that is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape in a plane.
“Area,” Wikipedia. 14-Feb-2019.
area
An attribute that is the amount of white content mixed with a pure color, or mixture of pure colors.
color saturation
An attribute that is the amount of black content mixed with a pure color, or mixture of pure colors.
color lightness
Ascribee content that is used to identify a discrepancy with the performance level of the recipient of an intervention.
comparator content
Comparator content that has been ascribed a desired future performance level.
Veena Panicker, Colin Gross, Shelbi Lisecki, Cooper Stansbury, Zach Landis-Lewis
goal comparator content
Comparator content about living systems that are ascribed a performance level.
Comparator content that has been ascribed a predetermined performance level.
Ascribee content that is about a living system to whom an intervention is directed.
recipient content
A document that is an aggregate of information content entities about performance levels, performance measures, time intervals, and ascribees.
Zach Landis-Lewis, Cooper Stansbury, Colin Gross
Lee D, Panicker V, Gross C, Zhang J, Landis-Lewis Z. What was visualized? A method for describing content of performance summary displays in feedback interventions. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 23;20(1):90.
An information content entity that is about a change in performance
performance trend content
An information content entity about a method of measuring performance.
performance measure content
An information content entity that is about the output value of a method of measuring performance.
performance level content
A performance gap content entity having a recipient performance level that is better than its comparator performance level
A performance gap content entity having a comparator performance level that is better than its recipient performance level.
An information content entity that is about a discrepancy between performance levels.
performance comparison content
An information content entity that is an aggregate of performance level content entities.
performance content
An information content entity that is about an entity that is ascribed a performance value.
ascribee content
A textual entity about performance levels, measures, ascribees, and time.
An information content entity that is about a unit of time.
An information content entity that is about a change from a negative performance gap to a positive performance gap
An information content entity that is about a change from a positive performance gap to a negative performance gap
A document part designed for the purpose of providing information about performance levels, measures, ascribees, and time to a recipient of an intervention.
A represented set where the mark attributes are about a discrepancy between performance levels.
A performance gap set where the mark attributes are about a comparator performance level that is better than the recipient performance level.
A performance gap set where the mark attributes are about a recipient performance level that is better than a comparator performance level.
A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change in performance.
A performance trend set where the mark attributes are about worsening.
A performance trend set where the mark attributes are about improvement.
A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change from a negative performance gap to a positive performance gap.
A represented set where the mark attributes are about a change from a positive performance gap to a negative performance gap.
Social comparator content that is about a percentile for a performance level that is better than average.
A top performer benchmark that is ascribed the performance level of the 90th percentile for a population.
A top performer benchmark that is ascribed the performance level of the 75th percentile for a population.
An average comparator that is about an institutional peer group.
Social comparator content that is about a mean performance level for a population.
A 75th percentile benchmark that is about an institutional peer group.
A 90th percentile benchmark that is about an institutional peer group.
An information content entity that is an aggregate of performance gaps having the same type in a non-interrupted set of temporal intervals.