Human ancestry ontology for the NHGRI GWAS Catalog Human Ancestry Ontology 2024-08-19 obsolete hasEthnicPopulation true hasAncestryStatus hasCountryOfOrigin hasDemonym isDemonymOf Any geographic area greater than an individual country but smaller than a continent, used as a convenience reference. Please note that most geographic areas may not be formally defined and exact boundaries can be debatable. geographical area region A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states. NCIT:C25464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25464 obsolete country true Population category defined using ancestry informative markers (AIMs) based on genetic/genomic data ancestral group ancestry category Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as European, Caucasian, White or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Dutch). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CEU, FIN, GBR, IBS and TSI populations. Caucasian white European Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as South Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Asian Indian). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap BEB, GIH, ITU, PJL and STU populations. South Asian Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as South East Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Vietnamese). This category also includes includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes KHV population. We note that East Asian and South East Asian populations are often conflated. However, recent studies indicate a unique genetic background for South East Asian populations. South East Asian Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described as Asian but there was not sufficient information to allow classification as East Asian, Central Asian, South Asian or South-East Asian. Asian unspecified Asian Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as East Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Chinese). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CDX, CHB, CHS and JPT populations. East Asian Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described as African, but there was not sufficient information to allow classification as African American, AfroCaribbean or Sub-Saharan African. African unspecified African Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as SubSaharan African or one of the subpopulations from this region (e.g. Yoruban). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap ESN, LWK, GWD, MSL, MKK and YRI populations. Sub-Saharan African Includes indigenous individuals of North, Central and South America, descended from the original human migration into the Americas from Siberia. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap. Class previously labelled as "Native American". Use of this term, alongside other terms such as "First Nations", should be discontinued in favour of the more appropriate "Indigenous American", which includes indigenous communities across the Americas while the former serve as political designations in the USA and Canada, respectively. Indigenous American Includes individuals who either self-report or are described by authors as Hispanic, Latino, Latin American or one of the sub-populations from this region. This category includes individuals with known admixture of primarily European, African and Native American ancestries, though some may have also a degree of Asian (e.g. Peru). We also note that the levels of admixture vary depending on the country, with Caribbean countries carrying higher levels of African admixture when compared to South American countries, for example. This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CLM, MXL, PEL and PUR populations Jackie MacArthur Joannella Morales Latin or Admixed American Includes individuals who self-report or were described by authors as Middle Eastern, North African, Persian or one of the subpopulations from this region (e.g. Saudi Arabian). We note there is heterogeneity in this category with different degrees of admixture as well as levels of genetic isolation. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap. Middle Eastern/North African Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian) Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as African American or Afro-Caribbean. This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap ACB or ASW populations. We note that there is likely to be significant admixture with European ancestry populations. African American or Afro-Caribbean Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described by authors as Oceanian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g. Native Hawaiian). We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap. Oceanian A population for which specific ancestry information is known but that does not fall into any of the defined ancestry categories uncategorised population Japanese non-aboriginal Taiwanese Taiwanese Chinese Korean Mongolian Macanese Singaporean Chinese Hong Kong Chinese Han Chinese obsolete Africa true obsolete Asia true obsolete Europe true obsolete Oceania true obsolete Latin America and the Caribbean true obsolete Northern America true obsolete Eastern Africa true obsolete Middle Africa true obsolete Northern Africa true obsolete Southern Africa true obsolete Western Africa true obsolete South Central Asia true obsolete South-Eastern Asia true obsolete Western Asia true obsolete Eastern Europe true obsolete Northern Europe true obsolete Southern Europe true obsolete Western Europe true obsolete Caribbean true obsolete South America true obsolete Central America true Australia/New Zealand obsolete Melanesia true obsolete Micronesia true obsolete Polynesia true obsolete Eastern Asia true Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Central Asian. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this population and efforts are required to fill this gap. Central Asian obsolete Scandinavia true obsolete South Asia true A population with increased genetic homogeneity and reduced genetic variation due to cultural or geographic isolation founder population population isolate genetically isolated population General characterisation of the ancestry of a population or individual ancestry status Ancestry that is the result of cultural or geographic isolation. Generally characterised by increased genetic homogeneity and reduced genetic variation genetically isolated ancestry Ancestry which is an admixture of more than one defined ancestral population. The degree and type of admixture may vary within a population and the accuracy of classification requires well-defined reference samples admixed ancestry Italian Sardinian Val Borbera Friuli Venezia Giulia Carlantino Old Order Amish Sorb Hutterite Amish Erasmus Rucphen Orcadian Korčulan Dutch Finnish Finnish founder Dutch founder Ashkenazi Jew obsolete_Caribbean true Sudanese obsolete Sahrawi true Anguillan Antiguan or Barbudan Barbadian Haitian Jamaican Tajik Tajikistani Turkmen Uzbekistani Afghan Kazakhstani Kyrgyzstani Albanian Andorran Australian Austrian Belarusian Belgian Bermudian Bosnian or Herzegovinian Brazilian Bulgarian Canadian Channel Islander Chilean Croatian Czech Danish Estonian Faroese Falkland Islander French German Gibraltarian Greek Greenlander Hungarian Icelandic Manx Latvian Liechtensteiner Lithuanian Luxembourgish Maltese Monegasque Montenegrin New Zealander Norfolk Islander Norwegian Polish Portugese Irish Moldovan Romanian Russian Saint-Pierrais or Miquelonnais Sammarinese Serb Slovak Slovene Spanish Swedish Swiss Macedonian Ukrainian Argentine Bahamian Belizean Bolivian British Virgin Islander Caymanian Colombian Costa Rican Cuban Dominican Ecuadorian Salvadoran French Guianese Grenadian Guatemalan Guyanese Honduran Martinican Mexican Montserratian Nicaraguan Panamanian Paraguayan Peruvian Puerto Rican Kittitian or Nevisian Saint Lucian Saint Vincentian Surinamer Surinamese Trinidadian or Tobagonian Turks and Caicos Islander Virgin Islander Uruguayan Venezuelan Algerian Armenian Azerbaijani Bahraini Cypriote obsolete Egyptian true Georgian Iranian Iraqi Israeli Jordanian Kuwaiti Lebanese Libyan Moroccan Palestinian Omani Qatari Saudi Arab Saudi Tunisian Turkish Emirati Yemeni Aruban Christmas Islander Cocos Islander Curacaoan Kosovar Northern Mariana Islander South Sudanese Syrian British American American Samoan Cook Islander Fijian French Polynesian Guamanian I-Kiribati Marshallese Micronesian Nauruan New Caledonian Niuean Palauan Papuan Papua New Guinean Pitcairn Islander Samoan Solomon Islander Tokelauan Tongan Tuvaluan Ni-Vanuato Wallis and Futuna Islander Bangladeshi Bhutanese Asian Indian Indian Asian Indian Maldivian Nepalese Pakistani Sri Lankan Bruneian Cambodian Indonesian Lao Malaysian Burmese Filipino Thai Timorese Vietnamese Cameroonian Cape Verdean Chadian Ethiopian Kenyan Liberian obsolete Malagasy true Mauritanian Mauritian Mahoran Namibian Sao Tomean Senegalese obsolete Seychellois true Sierra Leonean obsolete Somali true South African St. Helenian Ugandan Angolan Beninese Motswana Burkinabe Burundian obsolete Central African true Comoran Congolese Ivoirian Djiboutian Equatorial Guinean Eritrean Gabonese Gambian Ghanaian Guinean Bissau-Guinean Mosotho Malawian Malian Mozambican Nigerien Nigerian Rwandan obsolete Swazi true Togolese Tanzanian Zambian Zimbabweian Irish founder genetically homogenous Irish Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Australian Aboriginal. These are expected to be descendents of early human migration into Australia from Eastern Asia and can be distinguished from other Asian populations by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation. Aboriginal Australian Includes native populations of Alaska, Siberia, and the Aleutian Archipelago. This category does not include all native populations within the Arctic circle for example the Finnish Saami who are descended from Europeans and are therefore included within the European ancestry category. obsolete_Circumpolar people true Silk Road founder Israeli Arab Arab Israeli founder Cilento Individuals who have at least six great-grandparents born in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, to ensure descent from the founder population, composed primarily of Europeans and Native Americans PMID:25584925 Costa Rican founder French Canadian founder Italian founder Northern Finnish founder Romanian founder South Tyrolean Vis founder Split founder Population for which insufficient information is available to allocate it to a specific ancestral group or which contain individuals from a range of known ancestry categories, eg American undefined ancestry population African Caribbean Afro-Caribbean African American Talana Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona, as well as northwestern Mexico in the states of Sonora and Chihuahua. The majority population of the two current bands of the Akimel O'odham in the United States are based in two reservations: the Keli Akimel Oʼodham on the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) and the On'k Akimel O'odham on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC). Akimel O'otham Pima Pima Indian Akimel O'odham Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to the indigenous peoples who have historically lived on the Interior Plains (the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies) of North America Plains American Indian Plains Indians Kosraean Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander obsolete Yoruban true obsolete West African true Dai Chinese Dai Hui Chinese Hui Jingpo Chinese Malaysian Chinese Uygur Chinese Uigur Uygur Tibetan Han Taiwanese Taiwanese Han Sri Lankan Sinhalese Tatar Bashkir Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Aboriginal Australian of Martu ancestry. The Martu Australian Aboriginal people are from the Western Desert region located across the Pilbara in Western Australia Mardu Aboriginal Australian Mardu Australian Aboriginal Martu Aboriginal Australian PMID:27070114 Martu Australian Aboriginal Jewish Israeli Punjabi Sikh American of European ancestry European American The Esan people are one of the major ethnic groups in Edo State, Nigeria who speak the Esan language. (PMID:10146569) Samples from this population were studied as part of the full 1000 Genomes project (https://www.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/1000-Genomes-Collections/Esan-in-Nigeria-ESN) obsolete Esan true The Luhya are the second-largest ethnic group in Kenya and are comprised of subgroups that speak a common Bantu language. (PMID: 27813082) The Luhya ancestry group was assembled as part of phase III of the HapMap project and used in a number of rare variant density studies (PMID:22373165, PMID:26673965) obsolete Luhya true The Maasai are an indigenous African ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in northern Tanzania and Kenya. (PMID:29868928) The Maasai ancestry group was assembled as part of phase III of the HapMap project and used as reference in a range of population genetic studies (PMID:28049708). obsolete Maasai true The Mende people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone who speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. (PMID:15761855) Samples from this population were studied as part of the full 1000 Genomes project (https://www.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/1000-Genomes-Collections/Mende-in-Sierra-Leone-MSL) obsolete Mende true Native people residing in the Arctic of Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland, or eastern Siberia PMID:25884279 PMID:29220501 Class previously labelled as "Eskimo", which is outdated and culturally inappropriate. Outdated label may be added as an appropriately flagged synonym at a later stage. Inuit Includes individuals with ethnic origins in the Semitic people populating the Arabian Peninsula and other countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa PMID:27393651 PMID:28106113 Arab Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Singaporean Malay. PMID:19700652 PMID:31626772 Singaporean Malay Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Singaporean Indian. PMID:19700652 PMID:31626772 Singaporean Indian An ethnicity descriptor is descriptor that qualifies a population term as relating to a social, cultural, reglious or tribal group ethnicity descriptor A geographic descriptor is descriptor that qualifies a population term as relating to a geographic location geographic descriptor Population category defined in terms of cultural, religious, tribal or other social similarities ethnic group ethnicity category Population category defined in relation to a geographic location. Geography-based population descriptors include most nationalities but the classification goes beyond nationalities, since geography-based groups can also include regional groups at sub-national (e.g. Welsh or Scottish) or supra-national level (e.g. Western European). geography-based population category Includes indigenous individuals of North and Central America, descended from the original human migration into the Americas from Siberia. American Indian Indigenous in North America Includes indigenous individuals of Central and South America, descended from the original human migration into the Americas from Siberia. Indigenous in South America Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as being of of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin. It should be noted that "Hispanic" is considered entirely as an ethnicity or cultural descriptor and is not associated with any specific genetic reference population. Hispanic Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people of Mexico inhabiting the central Mexican Plateau (Altiplano) region. Otomi Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to the Mayan ethnolinguistic group of indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. Maya Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to the Zapotec ethnolinguistic group of indigenous people of Mexico. The Zapotec population is concentrated in the southern state of Oaxaca, but Zapotec communities also exist in neighboring states Zapoteco Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to the Mazatecan ethnolinguistic group of indigenous peoples in the area known as the Sierra Mazateca, which is in the northern part of the state of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, as well as in adjacent areas of the states of Puebla and Veracruz Mazateco Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people of the Americas living in the state of Chihuahua in Mexico Tarahumara Rarámuri Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of the indigenous people of Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua Nahua Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to indigenous Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla as well as La Montaña Region and Costa Chica Regions of the state of Guerrero Mixtec Mixteco Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to the Wayúu indigenous people of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost part of Colombia and northwest Venezuela. Guajiro Wahiro Wayu Wayuu Wayúu Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to an Arawakan ethnolinguistic group in Colombia and Venezuela Piapoco Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people native to the Nariño region of southern Colombia and neighbouring Equador Pastos Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people of South America who speak the Quechua languages. Although most Quechua speakers are native to Peru, there are some significant populations in Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina Quichua Quechua Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 2.3 million live in northwest Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. Aimara Aymara Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of South American indigenous people native to the Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest. Diaguita Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of indigenous people of present-day south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of present-day Patagonia Mapuche Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to a group of culturally-related indigenous peoples of South America, living primarily in present-day Paraguay between the Paraná River and lower Paraguay River, the Misiones Province of Argentina, southern Brazil as far east as Rio de Janeiro, and parts of Uruguay and Bolivia. Guaraní-Mbyá Guaraní Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to an indigenous people of Brazil, who now live in three indigenous territories (Terras Indígenas in Portuguese), Caieiras Velhas, Pau-Brasil and Comboiosare, located near the cities of Santa Cruz and Vila do Riacho in the municipality of Aracruz in northern Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. Topinaquis Tupinanquins Tupinaquis Tupiniquins Tupinã-ki Tupiniquim Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to an Chibchan-speaking indigenous people of Colombia, descended from the Tairona culture, concentrated in northern Colombia in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Ica Ika Arhuaco Individuals who self-identify or are reported by authors as belonging to an indigenous people living in the rainforests of Peru and in the State of Acre, Brazil. Their ancestral lands are in the forests of Junín, Pasco, Huánuco and part of Ucayali in Peru. Asháninca Asháninka A population made of individuals from whom samples were collected as part of a project such as the 1000 Genomes Project or the Human Genome Diversity Project (HDGP) in order to establish a comprehensive overview of human genetic diversity. Sample sizes for these reference populations vary from 1-3 to 100s of individuals but all individuals in a population will have been sampled in the same location. Each population is allocated to a continental or sub-continental superpopulation such as European or African. Subsets of samples from a reference population may have been used in multiple different analyses. reference population A population made up of 10 samples from Bantu individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Bantu Kenya Bantu in Kenya (HGDP) A population made up of 4 samples from Bantu individuals recruited in South Africa as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Bantu South Africa Bantu in South Africa (HGDP) A population made up of 24 samples from Biaka individuals recruited in Central African Republic as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Biaka Biaka in Central African Republic (HGDP) A population made up of 20 samples from Mandenka individuals recruited in Senegal as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Mandenka Mandenka in Senegal (HGDP) A population made up of 13 samples from Mbuti individuals recruited in Democratic Republic of Congo as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Samples from this population were used in data collections for HGDP Transcriptome. Mbuti Mbuti in Democratic Republic of Congo (HGDP) A population made up of 4 samples from San individuals recruited in Namibia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. San San in Namibia (HGDP) A population made up of 18 samples from Yoruba individuals recruited in Nigeria as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Yoruba Yoruba in Nigeria (HGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bantu Herero individuals recruited in Botswana Or Namibia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Bantu Herero Bantu Herero in Botswana Or Namibia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bantu Kenya individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Bantu Kenya Bantu Kenya in Kenya (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bantu Tswana individuals recruited in Botswana Or Namibia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Bantu Tswana Bantu Tswana in Botswana Or Namibia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Biaka individuals recruited in Central African Republic as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Biaka Biaka in Central African Republic (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Dinka individuals recruited in Sudan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Dinka Dinka in Sudan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Esan individuals recruited in Nigeria as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Esan Esan in Nigeria (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Gambian individuals recruited in Gambia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Gambian Gambian in Gambia (SGDP) A population made up of 4 samples from Ju|'hoan North individuals recruited in Namibia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Ju|'hoan North Ju|'hoan North in Namibia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Khomani San individuals recruited in South Africa as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Khomani San Khomani San in South Africa (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Luhya individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Luhya Luhya in Kenya (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Luo individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Luo Luo in Kenya (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Mandenka individuals recruited in Senegal as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Mandenka Mandenka in Senegal (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Masai individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. MKK Masai Masai in Kenya A population made up of 4 samples from Mbuti individuals recruited in Congo as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Mbuti Mbuti in Congo (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mende individuals recruited in Sierra Leone as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Mende Mende in Sierra Leone (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mozabite individuals recruited in Algeria as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Mozabite Mozabite in Algeria (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Saharawi individuals recruited in Western Sahara (Morocco) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Saharawi Saharawi in Western Sahara (Morocco) (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Somali individuals recruited in Kenya as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Somali Somali in Kenya (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Yoruba individuals recruited in Nigeria as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. Yoruba Yoruba in Nigeria (SGDP) A population made up of 113 samples from African Ancestry individuals recruited in Southwest US as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. ASW African Ancestry SW African Ancestry in Southwest US A population made up of 123 samples from African Caribbean individuals recruited in Barbados as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. ACB African Caribbean African Caribbean in Barbados A population made up of 173 samples from Esan individuals recruited in Nigeria as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. ESN Esan Esan in Nigeria A population made up of 100 samples from Fula individuals recruited in Western Division, The Gambia as part of the Gambian Genome Variation Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. GWF Gambian Fula Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia - Fula A population made up of 100 samples from Jola individuals recruited in Western Division, The Gambia as part of the Gambian Genome Variation Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. GWJ Gambian Jola Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia - Jola A population made up of 280 samples from Mandinka individuals recruited in Western Division, The Gambia as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. GWD Gambian Mandinka Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia - Mandinka A population made up of 100 samples from Wolof individuals recruited in Western Division, The Gambia as part of the Gambian Genome Variation Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. GWW Gambian Wolof Gambian in Western Division, The Gambia - Wolof A population made up of 117 samples from Luhya individuals recruited in Webuye, Kenya as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. LWK Luhya Luhya in Webuye, Kenya A population made up of 129 samples from Mende individuals recruited in Sierra Leone as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. MSL Mende Mende in Sierra Leone A population made up of 187 samples from Yoruba individuals recruited in Ibadan, Nigeria as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation African. YRI Yoruba Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria A population made up of 5 samples from Colombian individuals recruited in Colombia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Colombian Colombian in Colombia (HGDP) A population made up of 9 samples from Karitiana individuals recruited in Brazil as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Karitiana Karitiana in Brazil (HGDP) A population made up of 21 samples from Maya individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Maya Maya in Mexico (HGDP) A population made up of 12 samples from Pima individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Pima Pima in Mexico (HGDP) A population made up of 6 samples from Surui individuals recruited in Brazil as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Surui Surui in Brazil (HGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Chane individuals recruited in Argentina as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Chane Chane in Argentina (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Karitiana individuals recruited in Brazil as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Karitiana Karitiana in Brazil (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mayan individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Mayan Mayan in Mexico (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Mixe individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Mixe Mixe in Mexico (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mixtec individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Mixtec Mixtec in Mexico (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Piapoco individuals recruited in Colombia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Piapoco Piapoco in Colombia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Pima individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Pima Pima in Mexico (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Quechua individuals recruited in Peru as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Quechua Quechua in Peru (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Surui individuals recruited in Brazil as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Surui Surui in Brazil (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Zapotec individuals recruited in Mexico as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. Zapotec Zapotec in Mexico (SGDP) A population made up of 148 samples from Colombian individuals recruited in Medellin, Colombia as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. CLM Colombian Colombian in Medellin, Colombia A population made up of 107 samples from Mexican Ancestry individuals recruited in Los Angeles, California as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. MXL Mexican Ancestry Mexican Ancestry in Los Angeles, California A population made up of 130 samples from Peruvian individuals recruited in Lima, Peru as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. PEL Peruvian Peruvian in Lima, Peru A population made up of 150 samples from Puerto Rican individuals recruited in Puerto Rico as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Latin or Admixed American. PUR Puerto Rican Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico A population made up of 2 samples from Aleut individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Aleut Aleut in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Altaian individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Altaian Altaian in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Chukchi individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Chukchi Chukchi in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Eskimo Chaplin individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Eskimo Chaplin Eskimo Chaplin in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Eskimo Naukan individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Eskimo Naukan Eskimo Naukan in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Eskimo Sireniki individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Eskimo Sireniki Eskimo Sireniki in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Even individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Even Even in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Itelman individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Itelman Itelman in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Kyrgyz individuals recruited in Kyrgyzystan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Kyrgyz Kyrgyz in Kyrgyzystan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mansi individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Mansi Mansi in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Mongola individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Mongola Mongola in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tlingit individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Tlingit Tlingit in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tubalar individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Tubalar Tubalar in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Ulchi individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Ulchi Ulchi in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Yakut individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central Asian and Siberian. Yakut Yakut in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 22 samples from Balochi individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Balochi Balochi in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 23 samples from Brahui individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Brahui Brahui in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 22 samples from Burusho individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Burusho Burusho in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 18 samples from Hazara individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Hazara Hazara in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 21 samples from Kalash individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Kalash Kalash in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 23 samples from Makrani individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Makrani Makrani in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 23 samples from Pathan individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Pathan Pathan in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 22 samples from Sindhi individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Sindhi Sindhi in Pakistan (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Uygur individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Central South Asian. Uygur Uygur in China (HGDP) A population made up of 9 samples from Cambodian individuals recruited in Cambodia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Cambodian Cambodian in Cambodia (HGDP) A population made up of 5 samples from Dai individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Dai Dai in China (HGDP) A population made up of 9 samples from Daur individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Daur Daur in China (HGDP) A population made up of 30 samples from Han individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Han Han in China (HGDP) A population made up of 7 samples from Hezhen individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Hezhen Hezhen in China (HGDP) A population made up of 27 samples from Japanese individuals recruited in Japan as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Japanese Japanese in Japan (HGDP) A population made up of 6 samples from Lahu individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Lahu Lahu in China (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Miao individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Miao Miao in China (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Mongolian individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Mongolian Mongolian in China (HGDP) A population made up of 6 samples from Naxi individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Naxi Naxi in China (HGDP) A population made up of 10 samples from Northern Han individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Northern Han Northern Han in China (HGDP) A population made up of 7 samples from Oroqen individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Oroqen Oroqen in China (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from She individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. She She in China (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Tu individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Tu Tu in China (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Tujia individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Tujia Tujia in China (HGDP) A population made up of 7 samples from Xibo individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Xibo Xibo in China (HGDP) A population made up of 23 samples from Yakut individuals recruited in Siberia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Yakut Yakut in Siberia (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Yi individuals recruited in China as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Yi Yi in China (HGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Ami individuals recruited in Taiwan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Ami Ami in Taiwan (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Atayal individuals recruited in Taiwan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Atayal Atayal in Taiwan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Burmese individuals recruited in Myanmar as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Burmese Burmese in Myanmar (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Cambodian individuals recruited in Cambodia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Cambodian Cambodian in Cambodia (SGDP) A population made up of 4 samples from Dai individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Dai Dai in China (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Daur individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Daur Daur in China (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Han individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Han Han in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Hezhen individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Hezhen Hezhen in China (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Japanese individuals recruited in Japan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Japanese Japanese in Japan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Kinh individuals recruited in Vietnam as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Kinh Kinh in Vietnam (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Korean individuals recruited in Korea as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Korean Korean in Korea (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Lahu individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Lahu Lahu in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Miao individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Miao Miao in China (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Naxi individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Naxi Naxi in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Oroqen individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Oroqen Oroqen in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from She individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. She She in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Thai individuals recruited in Thailand as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Thai Thai in Thailand (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tu individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Tu Tu in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tujia individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Tujia Tujia in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Uygur individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Uygur Uygur in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Xibo individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Xibo Xibo in China (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Yi individuals recruited in China as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. Yi Yi in China (SGDP) A population made up of 109 samples from Chinese Dai individuals recruited in Xishuangbanna, China as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. CDX Dai Chinese Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna, China A population made up of 112 samples from Han Chinese individuals recruited in Beijing, China as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. CHB Han Chinese Han Chinese in Beijing, China A population made up of 105 samples from Japanese individuals recruited in Tokyo, Japan as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. JPT Japanese Japanese in Tokyo, Japan A population made up of 124 samples from Kinh individuals recruited in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. KHV Kinh Vietnamese Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam A population made up of 171 samples from Han Chinese South individuals recruited in China as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation East Asian. CHS Southern Han Chinese Han Chinese South A population made up of 15 samples from Adygei individuals recruited in Caucasus, Russia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Adygei Adygei in Caucasus, Russia (HGDP) A population made up of 22 samples from Basque individuals recruited in France as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Basque Basque in France (HGDP) A population made up of 10 samples from Bergamo Italian individuals recruited in Bergamo, Italy as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Bergamo Italian Bergamo Italian in Bergamo, Italy (HGDP) A population made up of 24 samples from French individuals recruited in France as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. French French in France (HGDP) A population made up of 13 samples from Orcadian individuals recruited in Orkney as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Orcadian Orcadian in Orkney (HGDP) A population made up of 23 samples from Russian individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Russian Russian in Russia (HGDP) A population made up of 24 samples from Sardinian individuals recruited in Italy as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Sardinian Sardinian in Italy (HGDP) A population made up of 6 samples from Tuscan individuals recruited in Italy as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. Tuscan Tuscan in Italy (HGDP) A population made up of 107 samples from British individuals recruited in England and Scotland as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. British GBR British in England and Scotland A population made up of 184 samples from individuals resident in Utah (CEPH) with Northern and Western European ancestry recruited in Utah, USA as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. CEPH CEU Utah residents (CEPH) with Northern and Western European ancestry A population made up of 105 samples from Finnish individuals recruited in Finland as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. FIN Finnish Finnish in Finland A population made up of 162 samples from Iberian populations individuals recruited in Spain as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. IBS Iberian Iberian populations in Spain A population made up of 112 samples from Toscani individuals recruited in Italy as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation European. TSI Toscani Toscani in Italy A population made up of 44 samples from Bedouin individuals recruited in Negev, Israel as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian). Bedouin Bedouin in Negev, Israel (HGDP) A population made up of 40 samples from Druze individuals recruited in Carmel, Israel as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian). Druze Druze in Carmel, Israel (HGDP) A population made up of 27 samples from Mozabite individuals recruited in Mzab, Algeria as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian). Mozabite Mozabite in Mzab, Algeria (HGDP) A population made up of 43 samples from Palestinian individuals recruited in Central, Israel as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian). Palestinian Palestinian in Central, Israel (HGDP) A population made up of 11 samples from Bougainville individuals recruited in Bougainville as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Bougainville Bougainville in Bougainville (HGDP) A population made up of 6 samples from Papuan Highlands individuals recruited in New Guinea as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Papuan Highlands Papuan Highlands in New Guinea (HGDP) A population made up of 8 samples from Papuan Sepik individuals recruited in New Guinea as part of the Human Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Papuan Sepik Papuan Sepik in New Guinea (HGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Australian individuals recruited in Australia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Australian Australian in Australia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bougainville individuals recruited in Papua New Guinea as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Bougainville Bougainville in Papua New Guinea (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Dusun individuals recruited in Brunei as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Dusun Dusun in Brunei (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Hawaiian individuals recruited in USA as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Hawaiian Hawaiian in USA (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Igorot individuals recruited in Philippines as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Igorot Igorot in Philippines (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Maori individuals recruited in New Zealand as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Maori Maori in New Zealand (SGDP) A population made up of 15 samples from Papuan individuals recruited in Papua New Guinea as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation Oceanian. Papuan Papuan in Papua New Guinea (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Balochi individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Balochi Balochi in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bengali individuals recruited in Bangladesh as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Bengali Bengali in Bangladesh (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Brahmin individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Brahmin Brahmin in India (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Brahui individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Brahui Brahui in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Burusho individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Burusho Burusho in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Hazara individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Hazara Hazara in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Irula individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Irula Irula in India (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Kalash individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Kalash Kalash in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Kapu individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Kapu Kapu in India (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Khonda Dora individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Khonda Dora Khonda Dora in India (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Kusunda individuals recruited in Nepal as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Kusunda Kusunda in Nepal (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Madiga individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Madiga Madiga in India (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Makrani individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Makrani Makrani in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Pathan individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Pathan Pathan in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 4 samples from Punjabi individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Punjabi Punjabi in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Relli individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Relli Relli in India (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Sindhi individuals recruited in Pakistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Sindhi Sindhi in Pakistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Yadava individuals recruited in India as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. Yadava Yadava in India (SGDP) A population made up of 144 samples from Bengali individuals recruited in Bangladesh as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. BEB Bengali Bengali in Bangladesh A population made up of 113 samples from Gujarati Indians individuals recruited in Houston, TX as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. GIH Gujarati Gujarati Indians in Houston, TX A population made up of 158 samples from Punjabi individuals recruited in Lahore, Pakistan as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. PJL Punjabi Punjabi in Lahore, Pakistan A population made up of 128 samples from Sri Lankan Tamil individuals recruited in the UK as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. STU Tamil Sri Lankan Tamil in the UK A population made up of 118 samples from Indian Telugu individuals recruited in the UK as part of the 1000 Genomes Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation South Asian. ITU Telugu Indian Telugu in the UK A population made up of 2 samples from Abkhasian individuals recruited in Abkhazia or Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Abkhasian Abkhasian in Abkhazia or Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Adygei individuals recruited in Russia(Caucasus) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Adygei Adygei in Russia(Caucasus) (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Albanian individuals recruited in Albania as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Albanian Albanian in Albania (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Armenian individuals recruited in Armenia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Armenian Armenian in Armenia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Basque individuals recruited in France as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Basque Basque in France (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bedouin B individuals recruited in Israel(Negev) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Bedouin B Bedouin B in Israel(Negev) (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bergamo individuals recruited in Italy(Bergamo) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Bergamo Bergamo in Italy(Bergamo) (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Bulgarian individuals recruited in Bulgaria as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Bulgarian Bulgarian in Bulgaria (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Chechen individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Chechen Chechen in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Crete individuals recruited in Greece as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Crete Crete in Greece (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Czech individuals recruited in Czechoslovakia(pre1989) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Czech Czech in Czechoslovakia(pre1989) (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Druze individuals recruited in Israel(Carmel) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Druze Druze in Israel(Carmel) (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from English individuals recruited in England as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. English English in England (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Estonian individuals recruited in Estonia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Estonian Estonian in Estonia (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Finnish individuals recruited in Finland as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Finnish Finnish in Finland (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from French individuals recruited in France as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. French French in France (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Georgian individuals recruited in Georgia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Georgian Georgian in Georgia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Greek individuals recruited in Greece as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Greek Greek in Greece (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Hungarian individuals recruited in Hungary as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Hungarian Hungarian in Hungary (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Icelandic individuals recruited in Iceland as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Icelandic Icelandic in Iceland (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Iranian individuals recruited in Iran as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Iranian Iranian in Iran (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Iraqi Jew individuals recruited in Iraq as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Iraqi Jew Iraqi Jew in Iraq (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Jordanian individuals recruited in Jordan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Jordanian Jordanian in Jordan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Lezgin individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Lezgin Lezgin in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from North Ossetian individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. North Ossetian North Ossetian in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Norwegian individuals recruited in Norway as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Norwegian Norwegian in Norway (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Orcadian individuals recruited in Orkney Islands as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Orcadian Orcadian in Orkney Islands (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Palestinian individuals recruited in Israel(Central) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Palestinian Palestinian in Israel(Central) (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Polish individuals recruited in Poland as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Polish Polish in Poland (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Russian individuals recruited in Russia as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Russian Russian in Russia (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Saami individuals recruited in Finland as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Saami Saami in Finland (SGDP) A population made up of 1 samples from Samaritan individuals recruited in Israel as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Samaritan Samaritan in Israel (SGDP) A population made up of 3 samples from Sardinian individuals recruited in Italy as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Sardinian Sardinian in Italy (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Spanish individuals recruited in Spain as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Spanish Spanish in Spain (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tajik individuals recruited in Tajikistan as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Tajik Tajik in Tajikistan (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Turkish individuals recruited in Turkey as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Turkish Turkish in Turkey (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Tuscan individuals recruited in Italy(Tuscany) as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Tuscan Tuscan in Italy(Tuscany) (SGDP) A population made up of 2 samples from Yemenite Jew individuals recruited in Yemen as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project. The population was assigned by the collecting project to the superpopulation West Eurasian. Yemenite Jew Yemenite Jew in Yemen (SGDP) Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Indigenous Siberan. This covers any indigenous groups from the northern part of the Asian contient that is commonly referred to as Siberia and which reaches from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the northern borders of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China in the south. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this population and efforts are required to fill this gap, although smaller reference populations were defined by the SGDP. Principal-component analysis of samples from this population suggest a close genetic relatedness with some Indigenous North American populations, such as the Chipewyan. Indigenous peoples of Siberia Indigenous Siberian