ECCO Version 4: Fifth Release (1992-2019) [ECCO v4r5] These are the variables in the ECCO v4r5 output that can be accessed as daily averages on the native LLC90 grid: ShortName Variable Name Description (units) ECCO_L4_ATM_SURFACE_TEMP_HUM_WIND_PRES_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 EXFatemp Surface (2 m) air temperature over open water. (degK) EXFaqh Surface (2 m) specific humidity over open water. (kg/kg) EXFpress Atmospheric pressure field at sea level. (N/m^2) EXFuwind Wind speed at 10m in the +x direction at the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) EXFvwind Wind speed at 10m in the +y direction at the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) EXFwspee 10-m wind speed magnitude (>= 0 ) over open water. (m/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_AND_ICE_SURFACE_FW_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 EXFpreci Precipitation rate. (m/s) EXFevap Evaporation rate per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (m/s) EXFroff River runoff freshwater flux. (m/s) EXFempmr Net surface freshwater flux from precipitation, evaporation, and runoff per unit area in open water not covered by sea-ice. (m/s) oceFWflx Net freshwater flux into the ocean including contributions from runoff, evaporation, precipitation, and mass exchange with sea-ice due to melting and freezing and snow melting. (kg/m^2/s) SIatmFW Net freshwater flux into the combined liquid ocean, sea-ice, and snow reservoirs from the atmosphere and runoff. (kg/m^2/s) SFLUX The rate of change of total ocean salinity due to freshwater fluxes across the liquid surface and the addition or removal of mass. (kg/m^2/s) SIfwThru Precipitation over sea-ice covered regions reaching ocean through sea-ice. (kg/m^2/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_AND_ICE_SURFACE_HEAT_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 EXFhl Air-sea latent heat flux per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (W/m^2) EXFhs Air-sea sensible heat flux per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (W/m^2) EXFlwdn Downward longwave radiative flux. (W/m^2) EXFlwnet Net longwave radiative flux per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (W/m^2) EXFswdn Downward shortwave radiative flux. (W/m^2) EXFswnet Net shortwave radiative flux per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (W/m^2) EXFqnet Net air-sea heat flux (turbulent and radiative) per unit area of open water not covered by sea-ice. (W/m^2) SIatmQnt Net upward heat flux to the atmosphere across open water and sea-ice or snow surfaces. (W/m^2) SIaaflux Heat flux associated with the temperature difference between sea surface temperature and sea-ice (assume 0 degree C in the model). (W/m^2) oceQnet Net heat flux into the ocean surface from all processes: air-sea turbulent and radiative fluxes and turbulent and conductive fluxes between the ocean and sea-ice and snow. oceQnet does not include the change in ocean heat content due to changing ocean ocean mass, oceFWflx. (W/m^2) oceQsw Net shortwave radiative flux across the ocean surface. (W/m^2) TFLUX The rate of change of ocean heat content due to heat fluxes across the liquid surface and the addition or removal of mass. Unlike oceQnet, TFLUX includes the contribution to the ocean heat content from changing ocean mass, oceFWflx. (W/m^2) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_AND_ICE_SURFACE_STRESS_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 EXFtaux Wind stress in the +x direction at the tracer cell on the native model grid. (N/m^2) EXFtauy Wind stress in the +y direction at the tracer cell on the native model grid. (N/m^2) oceTAUX Ocean surface stress due to wind and sea-ice in the +x direction centered over the 'u' side of the the native model grid. (N/m^2) oceTAUY Ocean surface stress due to wind and sea-ice in the +y direction centered over the 'v' side of the the native model grid. (N/m^2) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_BOLUS_STREAMFUNCTION_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 GM_PsiX Gent-McWilliams bolus transport streamfunction 'u' component. (m^2/s) GM_PsiY Gent-McWilliams bolus transport streamfunction 'v' component. (m^2/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_BOLUS_VELOCITY_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 UVELSTAR Gent-McWilliams parameterized bolus velocity in the model +x direction scaled by time-varying grid cell thickness (m/s) VVELSTAR Gent-McWilliams parameterized bolus velocity in the model +y direction scaled by time-varying grid cell thickness (m/s) WVELSTAR Gent-McWilliams parameterized bolus velocity in the model +z direction (m/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_BOTTOM_PRESSURE_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 OBP Ocean bottom pressure, excluding global mean atmospheric pressure, given as equivalent water thickness. This is suitable for comparisons with GRACE data products. (m) OBPGMAP Ocean bottom pressure, includes global mean atmospheric pressure, given as equivalent water thickness. This is suitable for comparisons with ocean bottom pressure gauge data products. (m) PHIBOT Hydrostatic ocean bottom pressure potential anomaly, p_b/rhoConst - gH. PHIBOT is NOT corrected for global mean steric sea level changes related to density changes in the Boussinesq volume-conserving model sterGloH, and therefore should NOT be used for comparisons with ocean bottom pressure data. Instead, see OBPGMAP and OBP. (m^2/s^2) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_DENS_STRAT_PRESS_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 RHOAnoma In-situ seawater density anomaly relative to the reference density, rhoConst. rhoConst = 1029 kg/m^3. (kg/m^3) DRHODR Density stratification: d(sigma)/dz. Density computations are done with in-situ density. (kg/m^3/m) PHIHYD Ocean hydrostatic pressure anomaly, PHIHYD = p/rhoConst - gz*. PHIHYD is NOT corrected for global mean steric sea level changes related to density changes in the Boussinesq volume-conserving model sterGloH. (m^2/s^2) PHIHYDcR Ocean hydrostatic pressure anomaly at constant z, PHIHYD = p/rhoConst - gz. PHIHYDcR is is NOT corrected for global mean steric sea level changes related to density changes in the Boussinesq volume-conserving model sterGloH. (m^2/s^2) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_MIXED_LAYER_DEPTH_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 MXLDEPTH Mixed-layer depth as determined by the depth where waters are first 0.8 degrees Celsius colder than the surface. (m) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_SALINITY_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 ADVx_SLT Lateral advective flux of salinity (SALT) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) DFxE_SLT Lateral diffusive flux of salinity (SALT) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) ADVy_SLT Lateral advective flux of salinity (SALT) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) DFyE_SLT Lateral diffusive flux of salinity (SALT) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) ADVr_SLT Vertical advective flux of salinity (SALT) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) DFrE_SLT The explicit term of the vertical diffusive flux of salinity (SALT) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) DFrI_SLT The implicit term of the vertical diffusive flux of salinity (SALT) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (1e-3 m^3/s) oceSPtnd Salt tendency due to the vertical transport of salt in high-salinity brine plumes. (g/m^2/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_TEMPERATURE_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 ADVx_TH Lateral advective flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) DFxE_TH Lateral diffusive flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) ADVy_TH Lateral advective flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) DFyE_TH Lateral diffusive flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) ADVr_TH Vertical advective flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) DFrE_TH The explicit term of the vertical diffusive flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) DFrI_TH The implicit term of the vertical diffusive flux of potential temperature (THETA) in the +z direction through the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (degC m^3/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_TEMPERATURE_SALINITY_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 THETA Sea water potential temperature, i.e., the temperature a parcel of sea water would have if moved adiabatically to sea level pressure. (degC) SALT Sea water salinity. (1e-3, or parts per thousand) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_VELOCITY_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 Note: UVEL,VVEL should not be used in volume flux calculations due to time-variable grid cell thicknesses (z* coordinates). Use UVELMASS,VVELMASS instead. UVEL Horizontal velocity in the +x direction at the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) VVEL Horizontal velocity in the +y direction at the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) WVEL Vertical velocity in the +z direction at the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid.(m/s) ECCO_L4_OCEAN_VOLUME_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 UVELMASS Horizontal velocity in the model +x direction averaged over the area of the tracer grid cell 'u' face on the native model grid. Use this in volume flux calculations as it is scaled to account for partial cells (hFacW < 1) and for time-varying grid cell thickness (z* coordinate system). (m/s) VVELMASS Horizontal velocity in the model +y direction averaged over the area of the tracer grid cell 'v' face on the native model grid. Use this in volume flux calculations as it is scaled to account for partial cells (hFacS < 1) and for time-varying grid cell thickness (z* coordinate system). (m/s) WVELMASS Vertical velocity in the +z direction at the top 'w' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. Volume flux in +z = WVELMASS drA. As the open water fraction of the 'w' face is always 1, WVELMASS is identical to WVEL. (m/s) ECCO_L4_SEA_ICE_CONC_THICKNESS_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 SIarea Fraction of ocean grid cell covered with sea-ice. (fraction between 0 and 1) SIheff Sea-ice thickness averaged over the entire model grid cell, including open water where sea-ice thickness is zero. (m) SIhsnow Snow thickness averaged over the entire model grid cell, including open water where snow thickness is zero. (m) sIceLoad Total mass of sea-ice and snow in a model grid cell averaged over model grid cell area. (kg/m^2) ECCO_L4_SEA_ICE_HORIZ_VOLUME_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 ADVxHEFF Lateral advective flux of grid cell mean sea-ice thickness (HEFF) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m^3/s) ADVyHEFF Lateral advective flux of grid cell mean sea-ice thickness (HEFF) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m^3/s) ADVxSNOW Lateral advective flux of grid cell mean snow thickness (HSNOW) in the +x direction through the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m^3/s) ADVySNOW Lateral advective flux of grid cell mean snow thickness (HSNOW) in the +y direction through the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m^3/s) ECCO_L4_SEA_ICE_SALT_PLUME_FLUX_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 oceSPflx Net salt flux into the ocean due to brine rejection during sea-ice formation. (g/m^2/s) oceSPDep Depth of parameterized salt plumes formed due to brine rejection during sea-ice formation. (m) ECCO_L4_SEA_ICE_VELOCITY_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 SIuice Horizontal sea-ice velocity in the +x direction at the 'u' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) SIvice Horizontal sea-ice velocity in the +y direction at the 'v' face of the tracer cell on the native model grid. (m/s) ECCO_L4_SEA_SURFACE_HEIGHT_LLC0090GRID_DAILY_V4R5 SSH Dynamic sea surface height, also known as ocean dynamic sea level. The local height of the sea surface above the geoid plus a correction due to atmosphere pressure loading, the inverse barometer (IB) correction. SSH is suitable for comparisons with altimetry sea surface height data products that apply the IB correction. (m) SSHNOIBC The local height of the sea surface relative to the geoid. SSHNOIBC does not include the inverted barometer (IB) correction, and is suitable for comparisons with altimetry sea surface height data products that do NOT apply the inverse barometer (IB) correction. (m) SSHIBC The static displacement of the sea surface due to atmosphere pressure loading, known as the inverse barometer (IB) correction. (m) ETAN Model sea level anomaly, without corrections for global mean density (steric) changes, inverted barometer effect, or volume displacement due to submerged sea-ice and snow. (m)