http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000002 ECTO describes exposures to experimental treatments of plants and model organisms (e.g. exposures to modification of diet, lighting levels, temperature); exposures of humans or any other organisms to stressors through a variety of routes, for purposes of public health, environmental monitoring etc, stimuli, natural and experimental, any kind of environmental condition or change in condition that can be experienced by an organism or population of organisms on earth. The scope is very general and can include for example plant treatment regimens, as well as human clinical exposures (although these may better be handled by a more specialized ontology). Environment Exposure Ontology 2026-07-28 The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. definition definition Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. has ontology root term Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by term replaced by medically relevant exposure subset_property An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. database_cross_reference has cross-reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has exact synonym has_exact_synonym a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part of a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. preceded by x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. generates has food substance analog A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient. has defining ingredient A relation attaching between a food material and another food material that has been added to it at some point in its history. has ingredient Uses of chemicals which affect the course of conditions, diseases, syndromes or pathology to benefit the health of an individual. MeSH:D045506 therapeutic uses Refraining from consumption of some types of food. avoided food An object property that represents a relation between an entity and its corresponding identifier that is owned by the entity. has identifier a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of Inverse of characteristic_of has characteristic a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has function a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives from a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives into a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location location of a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location located in a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity 2D boundary of a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity has 2D boundary relation between an anatomical structure and a neuron projection bundle that has synaptic terminals in the structure. innervated by X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time. t1 simultaneous_with t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simultaneous_with t2 and not (t1 before t2) simultaneous with Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. continuous with x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x partially overlaps x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. only in taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common spatially disjoint from a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. connects connects a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of Relation between an arterial structure and another structure, where the arterial structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy. supplies Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. has developmental precursor TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. capable of part of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by surrounded by x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. adjacent to inverse of surrounded by surrounds A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with starts x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing develops in inverse of ends with ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. has output A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and a process by which the exposure stressor comes into contact with the exposure receptor has exposure route A broad relationship between an exposure event or process and the course takes from the source to the target. has exposure transport path Any relationship between an exposure event or process and any other entity. related via exposure to b connecting-branch-of s iff b is connected to s, and there exists some tree-like structure t such that the mereological sum of b plus s is either the same as t or a branching-part-of t. connecting branch of inverse of connecting branch of has connecting branch x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to t1 induced_by t2 if there is a process of developmental induction (GO:0031128) with t1 and t2 as interacting participants. t2 causes t1 to change its fate from a precursor material anatomical entity type T to T', where T' develops_from T developmentally induced by Inverse of developmentally induced by developmentally induces Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by x developmentally replaces y if and only if there is some developmental process that causes x to move or to cease to exist, and for the site that was occupied by x to become occupied by y, where y either comes into existence in this site or moves to this site from somewhere else developmentally replaces Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). results in developmental progression of results in formation of anatomical entity p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect A relationship between an exposure event or process and any agent, stimulus, activity, or event that causally effects an organism and interacts with an exposure receptor during an exposure event. has exposure stimulus q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. characteristic of part of A relationship that holds via some environmental process evolutionarily related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) developmentally related to A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. part of structure that is capable of inverse of regulates regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. has member inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to m has_muscle_origin s iff m is attached_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s does not move. The site of the origin tends to be more proximal and have greater mass than what the other end attaches to. has muscle origin We need to import uberon muscle to create a stricter domain constraint m has_muscle_insertion s iff m is attaches_to s, and it is the case that when m contracts, s moves. Insertions are usually connections of muscle via tendon to bone. has muscle insertion A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. in branching relationship with x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. tributary of x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location spatially coextensive with x is a branching part of y if and only if x is part of y and x is connected directly or indirectly to the main stem of y branching part of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has potential to developmentally induce y iff x developmentally induces y or x is capable of developmentally inducing y has potential to developmentally induce x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted. has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. immediately causally upstream of p provides input for q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and there exists some c such that p has_output c and q has_input c. provides input for transitive form of directly_provides_input_for transitively provides input for p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within p contributes to morphology of w if and only if a change in the morphology of p entails a change in the morphology of w. Examples: every skull contributes to morphology of the head which it is a part of. Counter-example: nuclei do not generally contribute to the morphology of the cell they are part of, as they are buffered by cytoplasm. contributes to morphology of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. in pairwise interaction with interacts with x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in relation between physical entity and a process or stage x existence starts during y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts and before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y). existence starts during x starts ends with y if and only if the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts with y iff α(x) = α(y). existence starts with x existence overlaps y if and only if either (a) the start of x is part of y or (b) the end of x is part of y. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff (α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y)) OR (ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y)) The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence overlaps x exists during y if and only if: 1) the time point at which x begins to exist is after or equal to the time point at which y begins and 2) the time point at which x ceases to exist is before or equal to the point at which y ends. Formally: x existence starts and ends during y iff α(x) >= α(y) & α(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) <= ω(y) & ω(x) >= α(y) exists during The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts and ends during x existence ends during y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends and after or equivalent to the point at which y starts. Formally: x existence ends during y iff ω(x) <= ω(y) and ω(x) >= α(y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during x existence ends with y if and only if the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: x existence ends with y iff ω(x) = ω(y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends with x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t immediate transformation of x existence starts during or after y if and only if the time point at which x starts is after or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x existence starts during or after y iff α (x) >= α (y). The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence starts during or after x existence ends during or before y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y ends. The relations here were created based on work originally by Fabian Neuhaus and David Osumi-Sutherland. The work has not yet been vetted and errors in definitions may have occurred during transcription. existence ends during or before A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on causal relation between entities s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. determined by inverse of determined by determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. determined by part of A relation between a segment or subdivision of an organism and the maximal subdivision of material entities that provides structural support for that segment or subdivision. has skeleton causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. biomechanically related to m1 has_muscle_antagonist m2 iff m1 has_muscle_insertion s, m2 has_muscle_insection s, m1 acts in opposition to m2, and m2 is responsible for returning the structure to its initial position. has muscle antagonist inverse of branching part of has branching part x is a conduit for y iff y overlaps through the lumen_of of x, and y has parts on either side of the lumen of x. conduit for x lumen_of y iff x is the space or substance that is part of y and does not cross any of the inner membranes or boundaries of y that is maximal with respect to the volume of the convex hull. lumen of s is luminal space of x iff s is lumen_of x and s is an immaterial entity luminal space of inverse of has skeleton skeleton of s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. realized in response to stimulus causally upstream of or within, negative effect causally upstream of or within, positive effect "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. has substance added 'has consumer' is a relation between a material entity and an organism in which the former can normally be digested or otherwise absorbed by the latter without immediate or persistent ill effect. has consumer r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. triggered by process realized in response to triggered by process q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. Example: a spherical object has the quality of being spherical, and the spherical quality has_cross_section round. has cross section s3 has_cross_section s3 if and only if : there exists some 2d plane that intersects the bearer of s3, and the impression of s3 upon that plane has shape quality s2. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X has exposure medium Y if X is an exposure event (process), Y is a material entity, and the stimulus for X is transmitted or carried in Y. has exposure medium X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. device utilizes material chemical relationship A is a deprotonated form of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Base (i.e., can receive a proton) and by adding some nonzero number of protons transforms it into B. This is a transitive relationship and follows this design pattern: https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/direct-and-indirect-relations. obo:chebi#is_conjugate_base_of is deprotonated form of A is a protonated form of B if and only if A is chemical entity that is a Brønsted–Lowry Acid (i.e., can give up a proton) and by removing some nonzero number of protons transforms it into B. This is a transitive relationship and follows this design pattern: https://oborel.github.io/obo-relations/direct-and-indirect-relations. obo:chebi#is_conjugate_acid_of is protonated form of Two chemicals are tautomers if they can be readily interconverted. This commonly refers to prototropy in which a hydrogen's position is changed, such as between ketones and enols. This is also often observed in heterocyclic rings, e.g., ones containing nitrogens and/or have aryl functional groups containing heteroatoms. obo:chebi#is_tautomer_of is desmotrope of is tautomer of Group A is a substituent group from Chemical B if A represents the functional part of A and includes information about where it is connected. A is not itself a chemical with a fully formed chemical graph, but is rather a partial graph with one or more connection points that can be used to attach to another chemical graph, typically as a functionalization. obo:chebi#is_substituent_group_from is substitutent group from Chemical A has functional parent Chemical B if there is chemical transformation through which chemical B can be produced from chemical A. For example, the relationship between a salt and a freebased compound is a "has functional parent" relationship. obo:chebi#has_functional_parent has functional parent Chemicals A and B are enantiomers if they share the same molecular graph except the change of the configuration of substituents around exactly one chiral center. A chemical with no chiral centers can not have an enantiomer. A chemical with multiple chiral centers can have multiple enantiomers, but its enantiomers are not themselves enantiomers (they are diastereomers). obo:chebi#is_enantiomer_of is optical isomer of is enantiomer of Chemical A has parent hydride Chemical B if there exists a molecular graphical transformation where functional groups on A are replaced with hydrogens in order to yield B. obo:chebi#has_parent_hydride has parent hydride x vessel supplies blood to y if and only if x is a vessel that supplies blood directly or indirectly to an anatomical structure y. vessel supplies blood to x vessel drains blood from y if and only if x is a vessel that drains blood directly or indirectly from an anatomical structure y. vessel drains blood from This property only applies to anatomical entities. is anatomical entity has_participant x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. anteriorly_connected_to anteriorly connected to x anteriorly_connected_to y iff the anterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x posterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern channel_for channel for channels_from channels_from channels_into channels_into x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. distally_connected_to distally connected to x distally_connected_to y iff the distal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x proximal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y extends_fibers_into extends_fibers_into X extends_fibers into Y iff there exists some neuron (N) and N has_soma_location X and N 'has synaptic IO in region' some Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Relationship between a fluid and a material entity, where the fluid is the output of a realization of a filtration role that inheres in the material entity. filtered_through Relationship between a fluid and a filtration barrier, where the portion of fluid arises as a transformation of another portion of fluid on the other side of the barrier, with larger particles removed filtered through a indirectly_supplies s iff a has a branch and the branch supplies or indirectly supplies s. indirectly_supplies indirectly_supplies layer_part_of layer part of x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. posteriorly_connected_to posteriorly connected to x posteriorly_connected_to y iff the posterior part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x anterior_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern protects protects x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. proximally_connected_to proximally connected to x proximally_connected_to y iff the proximal part of x is connected to y. i.e. x connected_to y and x distal_to y. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/docs/Connectivity-Design-Pattern c site_of p if c is the bearer of a disposition that is realized by a process that has p as part. site_of site_of subdivision_of placeholder relation. X = 'subdivision of A' and subdivision_of some B means that X is the mereological sum of A and B subdivision of transitively_anteriorly_connected_to transitively anteriorly connected to transitively_distally_connected_to transitively distally connected to transitively_proximally_connected_to transitively proximally connected to entity continuant occurrent independent continuant spatial region process disposition realizable entity quality specifically dependent continuant role fiat object part object aggregate object function material entity immaterial entity A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by <em>Fusarium</em> to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination. CHEBI:10022 deoxynivalenol A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by <em>Scedosporium apiospermum</em> and <em>Fusarium</em> spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. CHEBI:10023 voriconazole A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1<em>H</em>)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. CHEBI:100241 ciprofloxacin A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. CHEBI:100246 norfloxacin A racemate comprising equal amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice. CHEBI:10033 warfarin An indole alkaloid with α<small>₂</small>-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by <em>Corynanthe johimbe</em> and <em>Rauwolfia serpentina</em>. CHEBI:10093 yohimbine A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some <em>Giberella</em> species. CHEBI:10106 zearalenone A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 1-[carbamoyl(hydroxy)amino]ethyl group. A selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, it inhibits the formation of leukotrienes LTB4, LTC4, LDT4, and LTE4. It is used for the management of chronic asthma. CHEBI:10112 zileuton A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. CHEBI:10119 ziprasidone A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. CHEBI:10127 zonisamide A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have <i>S</i> configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. CHEBI:101278 diltiazem A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and <em>sec</em>-pentyl groups. CHEBI:102166 thiopental An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.29). CHEBI:102248 EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. CHEBI:102265 sulfamethazine A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1. CHEBI:10319 1-naphthol A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2. CHEBI:10432 2-naphthol The <i>trans</i>-stereoisomer of ocimene. CHEBI:10436 beta-ocimene Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin ½, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. CHEBI:10545 electron A dipeptide composed of 3-cyano-<small>L</small>-alanine and <small>L</small>-glutamine joined by a peptide linkage formed from the side-chain of glutamine. CHEBI:10565 gamma-glutamyl-beta-cyanoalanine A <em>N</em>-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone. CHEBI:10588 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine A methylbenzoic acid carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. CHEBI:10589 m-toluic acid Any member of the class of naturally-occurring straight-chain fatty acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n (ω). CHEBI:10615 omega-hydroxy fatty acid CHEBI:10642 scyllo-inositol A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. CHEBI:107736 metoclopramide The parent compound of the β-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system <em>ortho</em>- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring. CHEBI:109895 beta-carboline An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion. CHEBI:113451 sodium ascorbate An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. CHEBI:113455 sodium benzoate A quinazoline compound having a (3-ethynylphenyl)amino group at the 4-position and two 2-methoxyethoxy groups at the 6- and 7-positions. CHEBI:114785 erlotinib Benzothiazole substituted with a hydroxy group at the 2-position. CHEBI:115196 2-hydroxybenzothiazole A dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of the carboxylic acid groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. CHEBI:11596 2-hydroxyglutarate(2-) A fatty amide derived from oleic acid. CHEBI:116314 oleamide A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group. CHEBI:116509 diuron 1,4-Dihydro-2<em>H</em>-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (<i>S</i> configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. CHEBI:119486 efavirenz The conjugate base of γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:11955 4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of <em>N</em>-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. CHEBI:119915 fentanyl CHEBI:12109 5-aminolevulinate A nitroarene that is fluorene substituted by a nitro group at position 2. CHEBI:1224 2-nitrofluorene A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. CHEBI:127342 atomoxetine Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication. CHEBI:12777 vitamin A CHEBI:12936 D-galactose A <em>N</em>-sulfonylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{4-[(4'-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro[biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-{[(2<i>R</i>)-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-1-(phenylsulfanyl)butan-2-yl]amino}-3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzenesulfonamide. It is a BH3-mimetic drug which targets the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Currently under clinical investigation as treatment for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. CHEBI:131174 navitoclax A disaccharide formed by a (1↔1)-glycosidic bond between two hexopyranose units. CHEBI:131401 hexopyranosyl hexopyranoside A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:131444 guanidinoacetate Any steroid substituted by a formyl group. CHEBI:131565 steroid aldehyde Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in <em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em>. CHEBI:131604 Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a dicarboxylic acid monoester. CHEBI:131605 dicarboxylic acid monoester(1-) An echinocandin initially isolated as a very minor bioactive fermentation product of <em>Glarea lozoyensis</em> (originally known as <em>Zalerion arboricola</em>). Subsequent random mutagenesis work and optimisation of the fermentation medium permitted the industrial production of pneumocandin B<small>₀</small>, which is used as the starting point for the synthesis of the antifungal drug caspofungin. CHEBI:131609 pneumocandin B0 A steroid compound with a structure based on a 27-carbon (cholestane) skeleton. CHEBI:131619 C27-steroid A steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton. CHEBI:131620 C24-steroid A steroid compound with a structure based on a 19-carbon (androstane) skeleton. CHEBI:131621 C19-steroid Any steroid (or derivative) based on a cholane skeleton. CHEBI:131657 cholane derivative A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a DNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7). CHEBI:131699 EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor An ionic polymer resulting from the deprotonation of the terminal carboxy groups of poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer. CHEBI:131701 poly(ethylene terephthalate)(1-) A EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of channel-conductance-controlling ATPase (EC 3.6.3.49, also known as cystic fibrosis conductance regulator, CFCR). CHEBI:131770 EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor An antagonist that binds to and deactivates the dopamine receptor D<small>₂</small>, the main receptor for all antipsychotic drugs. CHEBI:131787 dopamine receptor D2 antagonist An organosulfonate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the <em>N</em>-sulfo group of any sulfamic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:131822 sulfamate An organic cation obtained by protonation of any methylated primary amine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:131823 methylated primary amine(1+) An unsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecanoid. CHEBI:131860 octadecanoid anion An octadecanoid anion anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. CHEBI:131862 HPODE(1-) Any oxygenated derivative of C<small>₂₂</small> polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). CHEBI:131863 docosanoid A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any docosanoid. CHEBI:131864 docosanoid anion Any polyunsaturated fatty acid anion carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:131871 hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid anion Any steroid acid anion based on a cholanic acid skeleton. CHEBI:131878 cholanic acid anion An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of any cholanic acid conjugate. CHEBI:131879 cholanic acid conjugate anion A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (<i>R</i>)-imazamox. CHEBI:131899 (R)-imazamox(1-) A pyranone based on the structure of 4<em>H</em>-pyran-4-one and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:131906 4-pyranones A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives An organofluorine compound that is a compound based on an indole skeleton, containing one or more fluorine atoms. CHEBI:131960 fluoroindole An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:132028 tauroursodeoxycholate An <em>N</em>-sulfonylurea in which the sulfur atom is attached to a 2-carboxythiophen-3-yl group and in which the non-sulfonated nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. The corresponding methyl ester, known as thifensulfuron-methyl, is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control of grass and broad-leaved weeds. CHEBI:132053 thifensulfuron A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of the pyridin-3-ylmethyl carbamate derivative of <em>p</em>-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase isoform 1 (HDAC1) and isoform 3 (HDAC3). CHEBI:132082 entinostat An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. CHEBI:132106 sodium propionate Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its <em>C</em>-substituted derivatives. CHEBI:132124 1,4-benzoquinones Any quinone in which one or more of the carbons making up the quinone moiety is substituted by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:132130 hydroxyquinone A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring. CHEBI:132142 1,4-naphthoquinones A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of hyaluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:132153 hyaluronate Any naphthoquinone in which the naphthaoquinone moiety is substituted by at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:132155 hydroxynaphthoquinone Any member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones in which the naphthoquinone moiety is substituted by at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:132157 hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone A secondary aliphatic ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of diethylamine. CHEBI:132181 diethylammonium A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:132233 1-phenylpropan-2-amine An organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of phenylephrine. CHEBI:132294 phenylephrine(1+) An organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of methamphetamine. CHEBI:132297 methamphetamine(1+) A citrate anion obtained by deprotonation of the three carboxy groups as well as the hydroxy group of citric acid. CHEBI:132362 citrate(4-) An EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor that interferes with the action of procollagen-proline dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.2). CHEBI:132365 EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is butane-1-sulfonic acid in which all of the hydrogens of the butyl group have been replaced by fluorines. CHEBI:132446 perfluorobutanesulfonic acid An organosulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly attached to a perfluoroalkyl group. CHEBI:132447 perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is hexane-1-sulfonic acid in which all thirteen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons have been replaced by fluorines. CHEBI:132448 perfluorohexanesulfonic acid Any aromatic amide obtained by acylation of aniline. CHEBI:13248 anilide Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons. CHEBI:132502 fatty acid 18:3 Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 4 double bonds. CHEBI:132539 fatty acid 20:4 Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 20 carbons and 5 double bonds. CHEBI:132540 fatty acid 20:5 Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 6 double bonds. CHEBI:132544 fatty acid 22:6 A member of the class of cyclopropenes that is cyclopropene in which the hydrogen at position 1 has been replaced by a methyl group. A gas at room temperture and pressure, it is a (synthetic) ethylene perception inhibitor and is used to prolong the life of cut and potted flowers, other ornamental plants, and fruit. CHEBI:132592 1-methylcyclopropene A reagent that lightens or whitens a substrate through chemical reaction. Bleaching reactions usually involve oxidative or reductive processes that degrade colour systems. Bleaching can occur by destroying one or more of the double bonds in the conjugated chain, by cleaving the conjugated chain, or by oxidation of one of the other moieties in the conjugated chain. Their reactivity results in many bleaches having strong bactericidal, disinfecting, and sterilising properties. CHEBI:132717 bleaching agent A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. CHEBI:132742 lysophosphatidic acid A lysophosphatidic acid in which the acyl group (position not specified) contains 16 carbons and no double bonds. CHEBI:132744 lysophosphatidic acid 16:0 An <em>N</em>-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH). CHEBI:132774 roxadustat A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. CHEBI:132842 sulfapyridine A single carbon layer of the graphite oxide structure. CHEBI:132889 graphene oxide An organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of (<i>R</i>,<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-nebivolol. CHEBI:132915 (R,S,S,S)-nebivolol(1+) An organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of (<i>S</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-nebivolol. CHEBI:132916 (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol(1+) A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:132918 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of ibuprofen, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:132922 ibuprofen(1-) An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of GMP. CHEBI:132932 disodium 5'-guanylate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. CHEBI:132941 2-hydroxyglutarate CHEBI:132943 aspartate An octadecenoate in which the double bond is at C-9. CHEBI:132944 octadec-9-enoate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of any tartaric acid. CHEBI:132950 tartrate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of maleic acid. CHEBI:132951 maleate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid. CHEBI:132952 oxalate A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of suberic acid. CHEBI:132953 suberate A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. CHEBI:132963 butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate A butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate that has <i>R</i> configutation. The active enantiomer of the herbicide fluazifop-butyl, it is used as a post-emergence herbicide for the control grass weeds in various broad-leaved crops. CHEBI:132964 fluazifop-P-butyl A butyl 2-(4-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate that has <i>S</i> configuration. It is the inactive enantiomer of the herbicide fluazifop-P-butyl. CHEBI:132965 (S)-fluazifop-butyl A primary ammonium ion obtained by protonation of the amino group of 5-aminolevulinic acid. CHEBI:132970 5-ammoniolevulinic acid An agonist that binds to and activates farnesoid X receptors CHEBI:132972 farnesoid X receptor agonist A drug that makes increases the sensitivity of tumour cells to radiation therapy. CHEBI:132992 radiosensitizing agent Any inhibitor of B-cell lymphoma 2 protein. CHEBI:133022 B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor Any organic heteroolycyclic compound whose skeleton two <em>ortho</em>-fused chromene rings, and their derivatives. CHEBI:133135 chromenochromene A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (<i>S</i>)-imazamox. CHEBI:133193 (S)-imazamox(1-) An <em>N</em>-glycosylzeatin that is <i>trans</i>-zeatin having a β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl residue attached at position N-9. CHEBI:133210 9-(beta-D-glucosyl)-trans-zeatin A fatty aldehyde in which there is no carbon-carbon unsaturation. CHEBI:133249 saturated fatty aldehyde A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid that contains no carbon-carbon double bonds. CHEBI:133291 saturated dicarboxylic acid dianion(2-) A mixture of the four diastereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres of [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ<small>^6</small>-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (the sulfur atom and the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring). [Both <i>E</i>- and <i>Z</i>-isomers involving the S=N double bond and the cyano group exist, but they interconvert rapidly at r.t.]. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in insects, sulfoxaflor is used as an insecticide, particularly for the control of aphids. CHEBI:133305 sulfoxaflor A member of the class of pyridines that is 5-ethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridine in which the ethyl group is substituted at position 1 by an <em>N</em>-cyano-<em>S</em>-methylsulfonimidoyl group. The insecticide sulfoxalor is a mixture of the four possible stereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres. CHEBI:133306 [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide A [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ<small>^6</small>-sulfanylidene]cyanamide that has <i>R</i> configuration at both the sulfur atom and at the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring. CHEBI:133311 (RC,RS)-sulfoxaflor A [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ<small>^6</small>-sulfanylidene]cyanamide that has <i>S</i> configuration at the sulfur atom and <i>R</i> configuration at the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring. CHEBI:133312 (RC,SS)-sulfoxaflor A [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ<small>^6</small>-sulfanylidene]cyanamide that has <i>S</i> configuration at both the sulfur atom and at the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring. CHEBI:133313 (SC,SS)-sulfoxaflor A [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ<small>^6</small>-sulfanylidene]cyanamide that has <i>R</i> configuration at the sulfur atom and <i>S</i> configuration at the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring. CHEBI:133315 (SC,RS)-sulfoxaflor An inorganic oxide that is an oxide of any metal. CHEBI:133331 metal oxide An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of <small>L</small>-lysine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:133538 L-lysine zwitterion A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of hyocholic acid, obtained bye deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:133661 hyocholate A phenyl sulfate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of <em>p</em>-cresol sulfate, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfate group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:133670 p-cresol sulfate(1-) An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy and one of the phosphate OH groups as well as protonation of the amino group of glyphosate. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). CHEBI:133673 glyphosate(1-) An organosulfonate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfonic acid group of acetyltaurine. CHEBI:133737 acetyltaurine(1-) A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid. CHEBI:133744 homovanillate A tricarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of citric acid. CHEBI:133748 citrate anion A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either α- or γ-linolenic acid. CHEBI:133790 linolenate A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease. CHEBI:133833 benznidazole A member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid carrying additional methyl, chloro and hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 5 and 8 respectively. A non-toxic metabolite of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. CHEBI:133917 ochratoxin alpha Any methoxyisoflavone which has a methoxy group at the 4-position of the phenyl substituent. CHEBI:133959 4'-methoxyisoflavones A nitroalkane in which the nitro group is attached to a terminal carbon. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:133972 primary nitroalkane Any polyunsaturated fatty acid anion carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents. CHEBI:134019 hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid anion An organochlorine compound derived from methane, ethane or propane that contains atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine only. They are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals used in aerosol sprays and as refrigerants. Being ozone depletion agents, their manufacture and use is being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. CHEBI:134024 chlorofluorocarbon An organochlorine compound derived from methane, ethane or propane that contains atoms of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon only. CHEBI:134040 hydrochlorofluorocarbon Any member of the class of ureas in which at least one of the nitrogens of the urea moiety is substituted by a phenyl or substituted phenyl group. CHEBI:134043 phenylureas An oxacycle that is 4<em>H</em>-pyran in which the methylene group at position 4 is replaced by an oxygen. Non-aromatic. CHEBI:134044 1,4-dioxine Organochlorine compounds that are polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and structurally related entities that are persistant organic pollutants. These include polychlorinated dibenzofurans as well as polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls They vary widely in their toxicity, but their toxic mode of action is through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. CHEBI:134045 polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and related compounds A member of the class of benzofurans that is benzofuran in which two or more of the hydrogens have reen replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:134046 polychlorinated dibenzofuran A bromoarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more bromo groups. CHEBI:134047 bromobiphenyl A biphenyl compound containing between 2 and 10 bromine atoms attached to the two benzene rings. CHEBI:134049 polybromobiphenyl A polybromobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, and 5' have been replace by bromines. CHEBI:134050 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl A bromoalkane consisting of cyclododecane bearing six bromo substituents at positions 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 and 10. CHEBI:134063 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane Any metal oxide in which the metallic component is copper. CHEBI:134069 copper oxide An organofluorine compound containing only C-F bonds (no C-H bonds) and C-C bonds but also other heteroatoms (particularly other halogens, oxygen, and sulfur). Their properties represent a blend of fluorocarbons (containing only C-F and C-C bonds) and the parent functionalised organic species. CHEBI:134091 perfluorinated compound An arsonium ion that is choline in which the central nitrogen has been replaced by arsenic. CHEBI:134092 arsenocholine An aromatic ether that is diphenyl ether carrying between 2 and 10 bromo substituents attached to the two benzene rings. CHEBI:134094 polybromodiphenyl ether An <small>L</small>-threonine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({4-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenyl}ethynyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of <em>N</em>-hydroxy-<small>L</small>-threoninamide. CHEBI:134107 CHIR-090 Any compound that inhibits the biosynthesis of any lipopolysaccharide. CHEBI:134108 lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitor An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of UDP-3-<em>O</em>-acyl-<em>N</em>-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.108). CHEBI:134109 EC 3.5.1.108 (UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitor Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 °C (482 °F) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. CHEBI:134179 volatile organic compound Any benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that has a structure based on 4<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>de,g</em>]quinoline or its 3-methyl derivative. CHEBI:134209 aporphine alkaloid A group of trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acids that are the 6,7-diastereoisomers of 3α,6,7-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid. CHEBI:134216 muricholic acids An alkanesulfonate in which the carbon at position 1 is attached to R, which can represent hydrogens, a carbon chain, or other groups. CHEBI:134249 alkanesulfonate oxoanion Any phenol carrying an additional methoxy substituent at the <em>ortho</em>-position. CHEBI:134251 guaiacols An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.). CHEBI:134361 allylic alcohol An aliphatic alcohol where the hydroxy carbon is β to a double bond. CHEBI:134362 homoallylic alcohol An <em>N</em>-oxide where there are three organic groups bonded to the nitrogen atom. CHEBI:134363 tertiary amine oxide An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens. CHEBI:134394 primary allylic alcohol An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to one other carbon and one hydrogen. CHEBI:134396 secondary allylic alcohol An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two other carbons (R4,R5 ≠ H). CHEBI:134397 tertiary allylic alcohol A nanoparticle composed of poly(styrene). CHEBI:134403 poly(styrene) nanoparticle A class containing any titanium molecular entity that is an oxide of titanium. CHEBI:134438 titanium oxides A nanoparticle composed of any titanium oxide. CHEBI:134441 titanium oxide nanoparticle A phosphorus oxoanion resulting from the removal of one proton from the phosphonic acid group of tenofovir. The major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:134504 tenofovir(1-) An organic cation that is conjugate acid of naltrexone resulting from the protonation of the amino group; Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:134688 naltrexone(1+) CHEBI:134751 avobenzone CHEBI:134990 agomelatine CHEBI:135005 milnacipran CHEBI:135526 octocrylene A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-tafenoquine. CHEBI:135752 tafenoquine The <i>S</i>-enantiomer of nicardipine. CHEBI:135777 (S)-nicardipine CHEBI:135918 chidamide CHEBI:135983 teriparatide CHEBI:136002 krypton (81mKr) gas A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (<i>R</i>)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine. CHEBI:136003 levomethadone A 3-oxo steroid that has α configuration at position 5. CHEBI:13601 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid An oxaspiro compound that is dispiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-[1,2,4]trioxolane-5',2''-tricyclo[3.3.1.1<small>^3,7</small>]decane] substituted by a 2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl group at position 4<i>s</i>. Its maleic acid salt is used as an antimalarial drug in combination with piperaquine. CHEBI:136054 arterolane A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any diastereomer of jasmonic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:136184 jasmonic acid anion A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of <i>S</i>-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} <em>O</em> hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare. CHEBI:136185 VX nerve agent An imidothioate in which the nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:136428 N-hydroxyimidothioate A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent. CHEBI:13643 glycol A thioglucoside in which the thioglucosyl moiety has <small>D</small> configuration. CHEBI:136438 D-thioglucoside A <small>D</small>-thioglucoside that has β configuration at position 1. CHEBI:136440 beta-D-thioglucoside A β-<small>D</small>-thioglucoside formed by the formal condensation of the thiol group of an <em>N</em>-hydroxyimidothioate with β-<small>D</small>-glucose. CHEBI:136442 desulfoglucosinolic acid A hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of any dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid. CHEBI:136528 dihydroxydocosahexaenoate Organonitrogen compounds that have the general structure R<small>^1</small>(R<small>^2</small>)C=N(O)OH (R<small>^1</small>,R<small>^2</small> = H, organyl). They are tautomers of <em>C</em>-nitro compounds. CHEBI:136622 aci-nitro compound A prodrug that, on administration, undergoes chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active pesticide for which it is a propesticide. CHEBI:136643 propesticide A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active insecticide for which it is a proinsecticide. CHEBI:136644 proinsecticide A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active fungicide for which it is a profungicide. CHEBI:136645 profungicide A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the pharmacologically active herbicide for which it is a proherbicide. CHEBI:136646 proherbicide An organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton consists of a pyrazole ring ortho-fused to a diazepine ring. CHEBI:136684 pyrazolooxadiazepine A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:1367 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted into the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted to the corresponding hydroxylamine. Tautomeric with the oxime form of ximelagatran. CHEBI:136702 ximelagatran (hydroxylamine form) An organic group derived from any 3-oxo-Δ<small>^4</small>-steroid. CHEBI:136849 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid group A compound that, on administration, undergoes conversion by biochemical (enzymatic), chemical (possibly following an enzymatic step), or physical (e.g. photochemical) activation processes before becoming the active agent for which it is a pro-agent. CHEBI:136859 pro-agent Any steroid that has β-configuration at position 5. CHEBI:136889 5beta steroid A peptide cation obtained by protonation of the amino terminus of any peptidylamide; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:136962 peptidylamide(1+) A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:13719 acetylsalicylate A docosanoid that consists of any docosahexaenoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at unspecified positions. CHEBI:137348 dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid An organic cation obtained by protonation of any secondary amino compound; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:137419 secondary ammonium ion A quinoxaline pesticide that has herbicidal activity. CHEBI:137504 quinoxaline herbicide A 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid that has <i>R</i> configuration. An acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, it is used (generally as the corresponding ethyl or tefuryl ester proherbicides) for the control of annual and perennial grass weeds in sugar beet. CHEBI:137507 quizalofop-P A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-phenoxypropanoic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the <em>para</em> position by a (6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy group. CHEBI:137509 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid A 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid that has <i>S</i> configuration. It is the (inactive) enantiomer of the herbicide quizalofop-P. CHEBI:137513 (S)-quizalofop An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD<small>^+</small> or NADP<small>^+</small> acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146). CHEBI:137626 EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid with ethanol. CHEBI:137937 ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate An ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate that has <i>R</i> configuration. A proherbicide for quizalofop-P, it is used to control annual and perennial grass weeds in a variety of crops, including potatoes, sugar beet, peanuts, cotton and flax. CHEBI:137938 quizalofop-P-ethyl An ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate that has <i>S</i> configuration. CHEBI:137939 (S)-quizalofop-ethyl A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by a chlorine. CHEBI:137978 1,3-dichloropropane An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included. CHEBI:137980 metalloid atom An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino group of any tertiary amino compound. CHEBI:137982 tertiary ammonium ion A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of any tertiary amine CHEBI:137983 methylated tertiary amine An <em>N</em>-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of <em>N</em>-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. CHEBI:138000 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 2', and 4 positions have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:138001 2-bromophenyl 2,4-dibromophenyl ether Any compound that can disrupt the functions of the endocrine (hormone) system CHEBI:138015 endocrine disruptor A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:138036 4-bromophenyl 2,4-dibromophenyl ether A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, 3', and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:138038 2,4-dibromophenyl 3,4-dibromophenyl ether A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 3, 4, 2', and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:138064 2,4-dibromophenyl 2,3,4-tribromophenyl ether A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, 6, 2', and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:138065 2,4-dibromophenyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether A perfluorinated compound that is perfluorooctane in which one of the terminal fluorines has been replace by a sulfamoyl group. CHEBI:138089 perfluorooctanesulfonamide A Brønsted acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. Inorganic acids (also known as mineral acids) form hydrons and conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. CHEBI:138103 inorganic acid Any C<small>₂₁</small>-steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at the 17α-position. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure. CHEBI:138141 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid An organic nitrogen anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the <em>N</em>-sulfonylcarboxamide moiety of fomesafen. CHEBI:138163 fomesafen(1-) Any pathway inhibitor that acts on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. CHEBI:138208 carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor A nucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2−) obtained by deprotonation of the phospohate OH groups of any pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:138238 pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate(2-) Any member of a group of hydroxy steroids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5β-configuration, while in lower vertebrates, some bile acids, known as <i>allo</i>-bile acids, have 5α-configuration. CHEBI:138366 bile acids An apoprotein is a protein devoid of its characteristic prosthetic group or metal. CHEBI:13850 apoprotein An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH group of any dialkyl phosphate; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:138518 dialkyl phosphate(1-) A jasmonate anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of (+)-jasmonic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:138625 (+)-jasmonic acid anion A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4<i>Z</i>,7<i>Z</i>,11<i>E</i>,13<i>E</i>,15<i>Z</i>,19<i>Z</i>)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10<i>R</i>,17<i>S</i>-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1 CHEBI:138655 protectin D1 Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0°C and 100 kPa). CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity Any compound that induces the process of autophagy (the self-digestion of one or more components of a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell). CHEBI:138880 autophagy inducer Any carotenoid derivative with a ψ-end group. CHEBI:139114 carotenoid psi-end derivative Any carotenoid derivative with an β-end group CHEBI:139120 carotenoid beta-end derivative CHEBI:139133 6-ketolithocholic acid A nitroalkane in which the nitro group, -NO<small>₂</small>, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:139218 secondary nitroalkane CHEBI:139300 (+)-jasmonic acid A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification. CHEBI:139322 poly(ethylene glycol) derivative A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thione and its derivatives by substitution. CHEBI:139340 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones Any molecular entity in which the isotopic ratio of nuclides for at least one element deviates measurably from that occurring in nature. The term includes both <em>isotopically substituted</em> compounds (in which essentially all the molecules of the compound have only the indicated nuclide(s) at each designated position) and <em>isotopically labeled</em> compounds (a formal mixture of an isotopically unmodified compound with one or more analogous isotopically substituted compound(s). CHEBI:139358 isotopically modified compound Any isotopically modified compound that has one or more hydrogens replaced by tritium. CHEBI:139359 tritiated compound An agent that inhibits the passage of cations through the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. CHEBI:139361 TRP channel blocker An organosulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group of any aryl sulfate. The R group in this structure represents an aromatic ring. CHEBI:139371 aryl sulfate oxoanion CHEBI:13941 carbamate A chemical compound that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the compound. CHEBI:139492 sensitiser An EC 1.3.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH), EC 1.3.1.9. CHEBI:139512 EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor Any phenol that acts as an electron donor. CHEBI:139520 phenolic donor A ketone containing a hydroxy group on the α-carbon relative to the C=O group. CHEBI:139588 alpha-hydroxy ketone A carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any retinoid carboxy group. CHEBI:139589 retinoid anion An α-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a -CH<small>₂</small> (methylene) group. CHEBI:139590 primary alpha-hydroxy ketone An α-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing two organyl groups. CHEBI:139592 tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone Any antimicrobial agent whose activity is dependent on the presence of calcium ions. CHEBI:140190 calcium-dependent antibiotics An acetate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of any phenol. CHEBI:140310 phenyl acetates An aryl sulfate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group of any phenyl sulfate; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:140317 phenyl sulfate oxoanion A compound that contains three ketone functionalities. CHEBI:140322 triketone A triketone in which the each ketone functionality is located β- to the other two. CHEBI:140323 beta-triketone A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:140324 primary carboxamide A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR<small>^1</small>. CHEBI:140325 secondary carboxamide A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a secondary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR<small>^1</small>R<small>^2</small>. CHEBI:140326 tertiary carboxamide Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'. CHEBI:140331 4'-hydroxyflavanones Any methoxyflavanone having a methoxy substituent located at position 4'. CHEBI:140332 4'-methoxyflavanones Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:140345 hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid A class of cell signaling molecules enzymatically derived from n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that have important roles in orchestrating the resolution of tissue inflammation. CHEBI:140399 specialised pro-resolving mediator A phenolate anion resulting from the deprotonation of the phenolic hydroxy group of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. CHEBI:140426 2,4,6-trichlorophenolate An agonist that binds to and deactivates the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, the main signaling receptor of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CHEBI:140489 tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist An aluminosilicate mineral with approximate chemical composition H<small>₂</small>Al<small>₂</small>Si<small>₂</small>O<small>₈</small>.H<small>₂</small>O. Rocks that are rich in kaolinite are known as kaolin or china clay. CHEBI:140499 kaolinite An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. CHEBI:140503 kaolin An agonist at the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). CHEBI:140535 TRPV1 agonist Any saturated fatty acid containing 4 carbons. CHEBI:140601 fatty acid 4:0 Any plant metabolite that is produced by <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. CHEBI:140602 Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite Any pathway inhibitor that inhibits the Hedgehog signalling pathway. CHEBI:140921 Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor An inhibitor of any of the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) proteins. CHEBI:140922 glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor Any monounsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 1 double bond. CHEBI:140948 fatty acid 18:1 Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. CHEBI:140949 fatty acid 18:2 A mitochondrial cytochrome-<em>b</em><em>c</em><small>₁</small> complex inhibitor that acts at the Quinone 'outer' (Q<small>_o</small>) binding site of the cytochrome-<em>b</em><em>c</em><small>₁</small> complex. CHEBI:141153 quinone outside inhibitor An organic hydroxy compound resulting from the hydrolysis of the the pivalate ester group of the proherbicide pinoxaden. CHEBI:141347 pinoxaden acid A member of the class of benzoates resuting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba). Major microspecies at pH 7.3 CHEBI:141349 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of <small>L</small>-tyrosine with the amino group of <small>L</small>-aspartic acid. CHEBI:141455 Tyr-Asp A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. CHEBI:141474 diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the <i>R</i>-enantiomer of malathion. CHEBI:141475 (R)-malathion A diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate that is the <i>S</i>-enantiomer of malathion. CHEBI:141476 (S)-malathion An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a <em>m</em>-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group. CHEBI:141487 N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine A <em>N</em><small>^4</small>-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine that has <i>R</i> configuration. CHEBI:141488 (R)-tafenoquine A <em>N</em><small>^4</small>-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine that has <i>S</i> configuration. CHEBI:141489 (S)-tafenoquine Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more carboxy groups attached to the biphenyl skeleton. CHEBI:141493 carboxybiphenyl An organic amino compound that is a hemiaminal in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by an organyl group. General formula: R2C(OR')NR2 ( R ≠ H ). Also known as α-amino ethers. CHEBI:141498 hemiaminal ether A primary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of <small>L</small>-tyrosinal. CHEBI:141668 L-tyrosinal(1+) Any organic heterotricyclic compound that is any benzodiazepine which is <em>ortho</em>-fused with a imidazole. CHEBI:142118 imidazobenzodiazepine An antigenic epitope recognized by an anti-bilirubin monoclonal antibody designated 24G7. A substructure of bilirubin IXα, it is the region containing the oxo group at C-1, the methyl group at C-2, C-(4, 5, 6, 9), and N-21 and -22. CHEBI:142163 24G7 epitope Any carbobycyclic compound that is an hexahydronaphthalene or a compound obtained from an hexahydronaphthalene by formal substitution of one or more hydrogens. CHEBI:142348 hexahydronaphthalenes A purine ribonucleoside that is a purine derivative attached to a β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (<em>N</em>-glycosyl) linkage. CHEBI:142355 purines D-ribonucleoside A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:142468 1,2-dichloropropane A 1,2-dichloropropane that has <i>R</i> configuration. CHEBI:142469 (R)-1,2-dichloropropane A 1,2-dichloropropane that has <i>S</i> configuration. CHEBI:142471 (S)-1,2-dichloropropane A organic ion resulting from the deprotonation of the hydroxy group of any oxime. CHEBI:142513 oxime anion A secondary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the secondary amino group of tamsulosin. The major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:142544 tamsulosin(1+) A secondary amino compound that is ammonia in which nitrogen is substituted by a 1-(4-methoxy-3-sulfamoylphenyl)propan-2-yl group and a 2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl group. CHEBI:142546 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide A 5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide that has (<i>S</i>)-configuration. The enantiomer of tamsulosin. CHEBI:142548 ent-tamsulosin A secondary ammonium ion resulting from the secondary amino group of <em>ent</em>-tamsulosin. The major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:142549 ent-tamsulosin(1+) A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:142593 4-hydroxynonenal Any fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH<small>₂</small>) group. CHEBI:142622 primary fatty alcohol An organic nitrogen anion resulting from the deprotonation of the <em>N</em>-acylsulfonamide moiety of asulam. The conjugate base of asulam. CHEBI:142669 asulam(1-) An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of tigecycline; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:142708 tigecycline(1+) Any transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulator that modulates the TRPV channels (V = vanilloid). There is strong evidence that action at one or more of this class of proteins is responsible for the insecticidal action of pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, and afidopyropen. CHEBI:142782 TRPV channel modulator An agent that modulates the passage of cations through the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. CHEBI:142783 TRP channel modulator An organic anion arising from deprotonation of the hydroxy group of an enol. CHEBI:142839 enolate A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the <i>E</i> (<i>trans</i>) isomer. CHEBI:142921 3-phenylprop-2-enal A <small>D</small>-α-amino acid zwitterion arising from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of <small>D</small>-leucine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:143079 D-leucine zwitterion A <small>D</small>-α-amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of <small>D</small>-homoserine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:143081 D-homoserine zwitterion A compound having bonds between one or more metalloid atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group. CHEBI:143084 organometalloidal compound Monosodium urate (MSU) or uric acid is the aetiological agent of the acute inflammatory condition gout. CHEBI:143125 monosodium urate A primary carboxamide RC(=O)NH<small>₂</small> resultng from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a fatty acid with ammonia. CHEBI:143129 primary fatty amide An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group CHEBI:14321 glutamate(1-) A class of aromatic heterobicyclic compounds each of which contains a pyrimidine ring <em>ortho</em> fused to a 5-membered thiophene ring. CHEBI:143212 thienopyrimidine An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of indole-3-butyric acid, arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:143274 indole-3-butyrate A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the dprotonation of the carboxy group of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid (2,4-DB). The major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:143277 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoate Any 3β-hydroxy steroid which is substituted by two methyl groups at position 4. CHEBI:143563 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid CHEBI:143593 beta-galactosylceramide A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of five carbon atoms. CHEBI:143597 pentanol A vinca alkaloid cation resulting from the protonation of the two tertiary amino groups of vincristine. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:143658 vincristine(2+) CHEBI:143729 tris(1,3-dichloropropan-2-yl) phosphate A hydroxypyridine that is pyridin-2-ol substituted by chloro groups at positions 3,5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos. CHEBI:143794 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol A chrysanthemol in which both chiral centres have <i>R</i> configuration. CHEBI:143898 (R,R)-chrysanthemol An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of the hydroxy group of (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-chrysanthemol. CHEBI:143899 (R,R)-chrysanthemal A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (+)-<i>trans</i>-chrysanthemic acid. The major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:143900 (R,R)-chrysanthemate A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group. CHEBI:144093 N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide A <em>N</em>-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of bicalutamide. CHEBI:144094 (S)-bicalutamide A nitroso compound that is <em>N</em>-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters. CHEBI:144441 triacsin C An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of retinoid isomerohydrolase (EC 3.1.1.64). CHEBI:144455 EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor An aryl sulfate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of indoxyl sulfate, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:144643 indoxyl sulfate(1-) CHEBI:144644 a tetracycline zwitterion An antagonist that binds to and blocks sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the lipid signalling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). CHEBI:144987 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonist An agent that destroy spermatozoa in the male genitalia and block spermatogenesis. CHEBI:145047 antispermatogenic agent A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine-2-carboxamide which is substituted by {3-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}nitrilo, (oxan-4-yl)nitrilo and ethyl groups at positions 3,5 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC<small>₅₀</small> = 0.29 nM and 0.73 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in patients who have a FLT3 gene mutation. CHEBI:145372 gilteritinib A 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid that is the (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of diclofop. CHEBI:145403 (R)-diclofop A 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid that is the (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of diclofop. CHEBI:145404 (S)-diclofop An aromatic ether that is 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanoic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 4 has been substituted by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group. CHEBI:145406 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid with methanol. CHEBI:145412 methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate A methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate that is the (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of diclofop-methyl. CHEBI:145413 (R)-diclofop-methyl A methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate that is the (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of diclofop-methyl. CHEBI:145414 (S)-diclofop-methyl Macrolides (macrocyclic lactones) in which the macrocyclic ring contains more than one ester linkage. Macropolylides include macrodiolides, macrotriolides, macrotetrolides and macropentolides, each containing di-, tri-, tetra-, and penta- ester linkages, respectively, in one macrocyclic ring. Macrocyclic lactones containing nitrogen in their skeletons (azamacrolides and macrolide lactams) and also containing oxazole or thiazole in their skeletons are known in nature. CHEBI:145555 macropolylide A macropolylide which contains two ester linkages in one macrocyclic ring. CHEBI:145556 macrodiolide A macrolide in which the macrocyclic lactone ring includes an amide group. CHEBI:145565 macrolide lactam A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the β cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies. CHEBI:145810 insulin A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (<i>S</i>)-2-methylbutanoic acid. The major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:145932 (S)-2-methylbutanoate A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis (a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque). Compare with <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:50855" target="_blank">antiatherogenic agent</a>. CHEBI:145947 antiatherosclerotic agent A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of <em>N</em>-[(<i>S</i>)-{[(2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-<em>f</em>][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy}(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-<small>L</small>-alanine with the hydroxy group of 2-ethylbutan-1-ol. A broad-spectrum antiviral prodrug with potent <em>in vitro</em> antiviral activity against a diverse panel of RNA viruses such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Covid-19 in adults. CHEBI:145994 remdesivir Any branched trisaccharide consisting of <small>D</small>-galactopyranose having an <small>L</small>-fucosyl residue at the 2-position and a <small>D</small>-galactosyl residue at the 3-position. CHEBI:146144 L-Fucp-(1->2)-[D-Galp-(1->3)]-D-Galp A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2<em>H</em>-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the stereocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have <i>R</i>-configuration. It is a prodrug of levorphanol and a strong narcotic analgesic, and listed as a schedule II controlled substance. CHEBI:146176 levomethorphan An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2<em>H</em>-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and a methyl group at position 11. CHEBI:146178 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene A dibenzopyran that is <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:66964" target="_blank">Δ<small>^9</small>-tetrahydrocannabinol</a> which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB<small>₂</small> receptor agonist. CHEBI:146243 JWH-133 A cannabinoid receptor agonist that binds to and activates type 2 cannabinoid receptors. CHEBI:146246 CB2 receptor agonist Any substance that produces or enhances dream-like states of consciousness. CHEBI:146270 oneirogen Any member of the class of anthracenes in which the anthracene moiety is substituted by an oxo group. CHEBI:146281 anthracenone CHEBI:146291 11-HPETE(1-) CHEBI:146293 9-HPODE(1-) A C-nucleoside analog that is (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile substituted by a 4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-<em>f</em>][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl group at position 2. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir and exhibits a broad range of inhibitory activity against various RNA viruses including HCV, parainfluenza and SARS-CoV. CHEBI:147281 GS-441524 An EC 3.4.22.* (cysteine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of SARS coronavirus main proteinase (EC 3.4.22.69). CHEBI:147285 EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor Any inhibitor added to nitrogen fertilizers which can reduce the rate at which ammonium is converted to nitrate. Under appropriate conditions, this can help reduce nitrogen losses through denitrification and leaching. CHEBI:148436 nitrification inhibitor A quinolinium ion obtained by protonation of the quinoline nitrogen and tertiary amino group of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. It is the major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149484 chloroquine(2+) An entity derived from (4<i>Z</i>,7<i>Z</i>,10<i>Z</i>,13<i>Z</i>,16<i>Z</i>,19<i>Z</i>)-docosahexaenoic acid where the R is not defined. CHEBI:149500 (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl derivative An organic anion that is the conjugate base of losartan, obtained from the deprotonation of the tetrazole NH group. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149504 losartan(1-) A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the tetrazole NH group and carboxy group of candesartan. It is the major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149509 candesartan(2-) Any agent that induces nausea and vomiting. CHEBI:149552 emetic Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses. CHEBI:149553 anticoronaviral agent A quinolinium ion obtained by protonation of the quinoline nitrogen and tertiary amino group of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine. It is the major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149564 hydroxychloroquine(2+) An organic cation obtained by protonation of the secondary amino function of (1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>)-ephedrine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149673 (1S,2R)-ephedrine(1+) An amino acid zwitterion obtained from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of <small>D</small>-dopa. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:149689 D-dopa zwitterion A monocyclic heteroarene that is a five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:14973 pyrazole Tetracycline in which the hydroxy group at position 5 and the methyl group at position 6 are replaced by hydrogen, and with a dimethylamino substituent and an (<em>N</em>-<em>tert</em>-butylglycyl)amino substituent at positions 7 and 9, respectively. A glycylcycline antibiotic, it has activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including tetracycline-resistant organisms. It is used for the intravenous treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible organisms. CHEBI:149836 tigecycline A member of the class of anthracenones that is anthracen-9(10<em>H</em>)-one which carries a methyl group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 8, respectively. It is an intermediate precursor in the synthesis of hypericin. CHEBI:150013 emodin anthrone A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity. CHEBI:15022 electron donor An enal that consists of 3,7-dimethyl-9-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal (double bond geometry unspecified) carrying a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at the 9-position. CHEBI:15035 retinal CHEBI:15036 retinoate A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds. CHEBI:15040 retinyl palmitate A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide. CHEBI:15138 sulfide(2-) A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of <small>D</small>- and <small>L</small>-tartrate(2−). CHEBI:15193 DL-tartrate(2-) Any chlorophenol derivative that contains three covalently bonded chlorine atoms. CHEBI:15258 trichlorophenols A purine nucleobase found in humans and other organisms. CHEBI:15318 xanthine CHEBI:15333 zeatin A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:15339 acceptor The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke. ACETALDEHYDE Acetaldehyde CHEBI:15343 acetaldehyde ACETALDEHYDE PDBeChem Acetaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND A thiol comprising a panthothenate unit in phosphoric anhydride linkage with a 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate unit; and an aminoethanethiol unit. CHEBI:15346 coenzyme A A methyl ketone that consists of propane bearing an oxo group at C2. CHEBI:15347 acetone 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile CHEBI:15348 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile KEGG_COMPOUND A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. CHEBI:15354 choline Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. CHEBI:15355 acetylcholine A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. Cysteine CHEBI:15356 cysteine Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. 2-oxopropanoate CHEBI:15361 pyruvate 2-oxopropanoate ChEBI A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. 2-(ACETYLOXY)BENZOIC ACID CHEBI:15365 acetylsalicylic acid 2-(ACETYLOXY)BENZOIC ACID PDBeChem A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. ACETIC ACID Acetic acid CHEBI:15366 acetic acid ACETIC ACID PDBeChem Acetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have <i>E</i>- (<i>trans</i>-) geometry. CHEBI:15367 all-trans-retinoic acid An enal that is prop-2-ene with an oxo group at position 1. Acrylaldehyde CHEBI:15368 acrolein Acrylaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND A large group of antibiotics isolated from various species of <em>Streptomyces</em> and characterised by having a substituted phenoxazine ring linked to two cyclic heterodetic peptides. CHEBI:15369 actinomycin An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms WATER Water CHEBI:15377 water WATER PDBeChem Water KEGG_COMPOUND The general name for the hydrogen nucleus, to be used without regard to the hydrogen nuclear mass (either for hydrogen in its natural abundance or where it is not desired to distinguish between the isotopes). CHEBI:15378 hydron Oxygen CHEBI:15379 dioxygen Oxygen KEGG_COMPOUND A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. CHEBI:15407 (-)-ephedrine An aldehyde that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde substituted by a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. CHEBI:15421 perillyl aldehyde An adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways. CHEBI:15422 ATP The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. Aminoacetic acid GLYCINE Glycine CHEBI:15428 glycine Aminoacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND GLYCINE PDBeChem Glycine KEGG_COMPOUND The simplest hydroxylamine, consisting of ammonia bearing a hydroxy substituent. It is an intermediate in the biological nitrification by microbes like bacteria. Hydroxylamine CHEBI:15429 hydroxylamine Hydroxylamine KEGG_COMPOUND A triterpene consisting of 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane having six double bonds at the 2-, 6-, 10-, 14-, 18- and 22-positions with (<em>all-E</em>)-configuration. CHEBI:15440 squalene CHEBI:15443 inulin A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5<i>Z</i>,9α,13<i>E</i>,15<i>S</i>- stereoisomer). CHEBI:15555 prostaglandin D2 The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of alanine. D-Alanine CHEBI:15570 D-alanine D-Alanine KEGG_COMPOUND Hydrazine CHEBI:15571 hydrazine Hydrazine KEGG_COMPOUND A peptide zwitterion obtained from the tranfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of any tripeptide. It contains an equal number of positively-charged and negatively-charged functional groups. Major structure at pH 7.3. CHEBI:155837 tripeptide zwitterion A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes. CHEBI:155903 copper(II) phthalocyanine CHEBI:155908 copper tetrapyrrole An element in the boron group of the periodic table with atomic number 31, atomic mass 69.723, M.P. 29.7646 C, and B.P. 2400 C. CHEBI:155920 elemental gallium A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of arterolane, resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:155928 arterolane(1+) An oxocycle that is a five-membered, saturated heterocycle which contains two carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms and includes any derivative of this compound. CHEBI:155930 trioxolane A C4-dicarboxylate resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of malic acid. CHEBI:15595 malate(2-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of leucine. L-Leucine LEUCINE CHEBI:15603 L-leucine L-Leucine KEGG_COMPOUND LEUCINE PDBeChem A group of compounds based on the naphthalene ring system where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by chlorine. The generic molecular formula is C<small>₁₀</small>H<small>_8-n</small>Cl<small>_n</small>, where n = 1-8. There are 75 possible chlorinated naphthalenes and they are commonly used in the electrical industry and as additives. CHEBI:156062 chlorinated naphthalene A <em>N</em>-alkylglycine that is the <em>N</em>-methyl derivative of glycine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of glycine. SARCOSINE Sarcosine CHEBI:15611 sarcosine SARCOSINE PDBeChem Sarcosine KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:156132 L-thialysinium A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:156230 1-naphthaleneacetate A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles that comprises of two units of 2-[(2-{6-[(2<i>S</i>)-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2<em>H</em>-pyrrol-5-yl]-5-oxo-4-azaspiro[2.4]hept-6-en-7-yl}acetamido)methyl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid linked together via the formal condensation of the carboxy groups. It is a secondary metabolite produced by certain strains of bacteria found in the human gut such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>. It has the ability to bind covalently to DNA and is strongly associated with colorectal cancer. CHEBI:156303 colibactin Cyclobutane and its derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:156473 cyclobutanes A dicarboxylate resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of kainic acid, and protonation of its amine group. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:156548 kainate(1-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of tartaric acid. CHEBI:15671 L-tartaric acid The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of tartaric acid. CHEBI:15672 D-tartaric acid A tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. CHEBI:15674 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. CHEBI:15676 allantoin A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. 3-Hydroxybutan-2-one CHEBI:15688 acetoin 3-Hydroxybutan-2-one KEGG_COMPOUND Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]<small>_<em>n</em></small>C(=O)H, <em>n</em> ≥ 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. CHEBI:15693 aldose The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of homoserine. L-HOMOSERINE L-Homoserine CHEBI:15699 L-homoserine L-HOMOSERINE PDBeChem L-Homoserine KEGG_COMPOUND A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids. CHEBI:15702 terephthalic acid Any α-amino acid having <small>L</small>-configuration at the α-carbon. CHEBI:15705 L-alpha-amino acid A peptide that has a carbamoyl group at the <em>C</em>-terminus. CHEBI:15722 peptidyl amide A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine. CHEBI:15724 trimethylamine N-oxide An optically active form of ornithine having <small>L</small>-configuration. L-Ornithine L-ornithine CHEBI:15729 L-ornithine L-Ornithine KEGG_COMPOUND L-ornithine ChEBI A methylaniline that is aniline carrying a methyl substituent at the nitrogen atom. CHEBI:15733 N-methylaniline A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. CHEBI:15734 primary alcohol CHEBI:15738 staurosporine A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane carrying an amino group at position 2. CHEBI:15739 isopropylamine A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of formic acid. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. CHEBI:15740 formate An α,ω-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. SUCCINIC ACID Succinic acid CHEBI:15741 succinic acid SUCCINIC ACID PDBeChem Succinic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of butanals that consists of propane bearing a formyl substituent at the 1-position. The parent of the class of butanals. Butanal CHEBI:15743 butanal Butanal KEGG_COMPOUND A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism. CHEBI:15746 spermine A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. CHEBI:15756 hexadecanoic acid An optically active form of dopa having <small>L</small>-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease L-Dopa CHEBI:15765 L-dopa L-Dopa KEGG_COMPOUND Any fatty acid anion containing a ring composed of carbon atoms. Major microspecies at pH 7.3 CHEBI:157668 carbocyclic fatty acid anion A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40°C, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. Dichloromethane CHEBI:15767 dichloromethane Dichloromethane KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:157671 AN11736 A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups while the other is substituted by a phenyl group which carries two unspecified groups at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl ring. CHEBI:157693 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea A primary aliphatic amine consisting of cyclohexane carrying an amino substituent. Cyclohexanamine CHEBI:15773 cyclohexylamine Cyclohexanamine KEGG_COMPOUND Any primary fatty alcohol with a chain length less than 6 carbons. CHEBI:157770 short-chain primary fatty alcohol CHEBI:157775 N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylphytosphingosine Any <em>N</em>-acyl-amino acid in which the amino acid moiety has <small>D</small> configuration. CHEBI:15778 N-acyl-D-amino acid A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy groups of malonic acid. CHEBI:15792 malonate(2-) A <small>D</small>-α-amino acid that is the <small>D</small>-isomer of arginine. D-Arginine CHEBI:15816 D-arginine D-Arginine KEGG_COMPOUND An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group. CHEBI:15837 isoamylol A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. CHEBI:15841 polypeptide A long-chain fatty acid that is a C<small>₂₀</small>, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (<i>Z</i>)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. CHEBI:15843 arachidonic acid Bromide CHEBI:15858 bromide Bromide KEGG_COMPOUND A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine. ETHANAMINE CHEBI:15862 ethylamine ETHANAMINE PDBeChem A deoxyglucose that is <small>D</small>-glucose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a hydrogen. It is an antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity, which acts by inhibiting the glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Used as an antiherpes agent. 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose CHEBI:15866 2-deoxy-D-glucose 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose KEGG_COMPOUND An organic hydroxy compound that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of phenols. PHENOL Phenol CHEBI:15882 phenol PHENOL PDBeChem Phenol KEGG_COMPOUND Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain). CHEBI:15889 sterol An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid CHEBI:15891 taurine 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND <small>D</small>-Glucopyranose with β configuration at the anomeric centre. CHEBI:15903 beta-D-glucose A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C<small>₁₃</small> to C<small>₂₂</small>. CHEBI:15904 long-chain fatty acid A jasmonate ester that is the methyl ester of jasmonic acid. CHEBI:15929 (-)-methyl jasmonate A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6 while one of hydrogens of each amino group is replaced respectively by an ethyl and a propan-2-yl group. CHEBI:15930 atrazine A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3β-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. CHEBI:15939 glycyrrhizinic acid A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. NICOTINIC ACID Nicotinic acid CHEBI:15940 nicotinic acid NICOTINIC ACID PDBeChem Nicotinic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. CHEBI:15948 lycopene An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1<em>H</em>-thieno[3,4-<em>d</em>]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. CHEBI:15956 biotin A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an <em>N</em>-cyclohexyl substituent. Cyclohexylsulfamate Cyclohexylsulfamic acid CHEBI:15964 cyclohexylsulfamic acid Cyclohexylsulfamate KEGG_COMPOUND Cyclohexylsulfamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of glutamic acid having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-Glutamic acid CHEBI:15966 D-glutamic acid D-Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with a polymeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of 13 or more nucleotide residues. CHEBI:15986 polynucleotide A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. CHEBI:16000 ethanolamine An optically active form of lactate having (<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:16004 (R)-lactate CHEBI:16005 methylarsonate(2-) CHEBI:16007 methanethiol An oxoproline having the oxo group placed at the 5-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the glutathione cycle. 5-OXOPROLINE 5-Oxoproline CHEBI:16010 5-oxoproline 5-OXOPROLINE PDBeChem 5-Oxoproline KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of glutamic acid having <small>L</small>-configuration. GLUTAMIC ACID L-Glutamic acid CHEBI:16015 L-glutamic acid GLUTAMIC ACID PDBeChem L-Glutamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3<em>H</em>-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. CHEBI:160246 aminophenazone A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120°C). 2-Nitropropane CHEBI:16037 2-nitropropane 2-Nitropropane KEGG_COMPOUND An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidin-2-one having the amino group located at position 4. CHEBI:16040 cytosine A monoatomic monoanion resulting from the addition of an electron to any halogen atom. CHEBI:16042 halide anion An alkene that is propane with a double bond at position 1. CHEBI:16052 propene A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-imidazol-4-yl group. CHEBI:1606 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid A retinal having 2<i>E</i>,4<i>Z</i>,6<i>E</i>,8<i>E</i>-double bond geometry. 11-cis-Retinal 11-cis-retinal CHEBI:16066 11-cis-retinal 11-cis-Retinal KEGG_COMPOUND 11-cis-retinal ChEBI A cyclic dicarboximide in which the two carboacyl groups on nitrogen together with the nitogen itself form a 1<em>H</em>-pyrrole-2,5-dione structure. CHEBI:16072 maleimide A γ-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid CHEBI:16080 gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid 4-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An alkylbenzene carrying an ethyl substituent. It is a constituent of coal tar and petroleum. Ethylbenzene CHEBI:16101 ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene KEGG_COMPOUND A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of <em>trans</em>-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. CHEBI:16112 chlorogenic acid A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3β-hydroxy group. Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol CHEBI:16113 cholesterol Cholest-5-en-3beta-ol KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:16118 berberine A chlorophenylethane that is 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane substituted by additional chloro substituents at positions 4 of the phenyl substituents. It is a commonly used organochlorine insecticide. CHEBI:16130 DDT An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. AMMONIA Ammonia CHEBI:16134 ammonia AMMONIA PDBeChem Ammonia KEGG_COMPOUND A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Hydrogen sulfide CHEBI:16136 hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND The simplest member of the class of benzoates that is the conjugate base of benzoic acid, comprising a benzoic acid core with a proton missing to give a charge of -1. CHEBI:16150 benzoate A sulfuric ester obtained by the formal condensation of a hydroxy group of any steroid with sulfuric acid. CHEBI:16158 steroid sulfate A dihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of <em>o</em>-orsellinic acid. CHEBI:16162 o-orsellinate Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. Mercury CHEBI:16170 mercury(0) Mercury KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of ornithine. It is an intermediate metabolite produced in the urea cycle. D-Ornithine CHEBI:16176 D-ornithine D-Ornithine KEGG_COMPOUND An <em>N</em>-acyl-amino acid in which amino acid specified is glycine. CHEBI:16180 N-acylglycine A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. −161°C). Methane CHEBI:16183 methane Methane KEGG_COMPOUND A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Sulfate CHEBI:16189 sulfate Sulfate KEGG_COMPOUND An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has <i>Z</i> (<i>cis</i>) stereochemistry. Octadec-9-enoic acid CHEBI:16196 oleic acid Octadec-9-enoic acid ChEMBL A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). UREA Urea CHEBI:16199 urea UREA PDBeChem Urea KEGG_COMPOUND A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from phosphonic acid CHEBI:16215 phosphonate(2-) The arsenic oxoanion that is the conjugate base of dimethylarsinic acid. Dimethylarsinate CHEBI:16223 dimethylarsinate Dimethylarsinate KEGG_COMPOUND An azaarene comprising a benzene core in which one -CH group is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is the parent compound of the class pyridines. Pyridine CHEBI:16227 pyridine Pyridine KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:16234 hydroxide A 2-aminopurine carrying a 6-oxo substituent. CHEBI:16235 guanine A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. ETHANOL Ethanol CHEBI:16236 ethanol ETHANOL PDBeChem Ethanol KEGG_COMPOUND An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Hydrogen peroxide CHEBI:16240 hydrogen peroxide HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PDBeChem Hydrogen peroxide KEGG_COMPOUND A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. CHEBI:16243 quercetin A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. CHEBI:16247 phospholipid A member of the class of 2-nitrophenols that is phenol in which one of the hydrogens that is <em>ortho</em> to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. 2-Nitrophenol CHEBI:16260 2-nitrophenol 2-Nitrophenol KEGG_COMPOUND An aminoglycan consisting of β-(1→4)-linked <small>D</small>-glucosamine residues. CHEBI:16261 chitosan A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group. Nitroethane nitroethane CHEBI:16268 nitroethane Nitroethane KEGG_COMPOUND nitroethane UniProt A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. CHEBI:16269 N,N-dimethylaniline A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a halogen atom. CHEBI:16277 haloacetic acid The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitrous acid. Nitrite CHEBI:16301 nitrite Nitrite KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of proline. D-Proline CHEBI:16313 D-proline D-Proline KEGG_COMPOUND A 17β-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with α-configuration at position 5. 17beta-Hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one CHEBI:16330 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one 17beta-Hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one KEGG_COMPOUND 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one ChEBI A class of carboxylic acids of general formula RCHCH3C(=O)OH where R represents an aryl group. CHEBI:16333 2-arylpropionic acid A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a β‒N<small>^9</small>-glycosidic bond. ADENOSINE Adenosine CHEBI:16335 adenosine ADENOSINE PDBeChem Adenosine KEGG_COMPOUND A mucopolysaccharide composed of <em>N</em>-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. It is found in the connective tissues of vertebrates. A principal constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), it mediates the growth and metastasis of tumour cells. CHEBI:16336 hyaluronic acid The <em>N</em>-amidino derivative of glycine. CHEBI:16344 guanidinoacetic acid The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of citrulline. CITRULLINE L-Citrulline CHEBI:16349 L-citrulline CITRULLINE PDBeChem L-Citrulline KEGG_COMPOUND A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. CHEBI:16356 3',5'-cyclic GMP A bile acid that is 5β-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three α-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12. CHEBI:16359 cholic acid Any organic cation that is an aglycon of anthocyanin cation; they are oxygenated derivatives of flavylium (2-phenylchromenylium). CHEBI:16366 anthocyanidin cation Any member of the class of menaquinones that is 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with an unsaturated isoprenoid chain at the 3-position. CHEBI:16374 menaquinone An optically active form of cysteine having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-CYSTEINE D-Cysteine CHEBI:16375 D-cysteine D-CYSTEINE PDBeChem D-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND Iodide CHEBI:16382 iodide Iodide KEGG_COMPOUND Compounds having the structure RSR (R ≠ H). Such compounds were once called thioethers. CHEBI:16385 organic sulfide Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. CHEBI:16389 ubiquinones A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is <i>trans</i>. CHEBI:16393 sphingosine The simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, obtained by formal condensation of formic acid with ammonia. The parent of the class of formaldehydes. FORMAMIDE Formamide CHEBI:16397 formamide FORMAMIDE PDBeChem Formamide KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of threonine having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-Threonine CHEBI:16398 D-threonine D-Threonine KEGG_COMPOUND A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl group. CHEBI:16411 indole-3-acetic acid Liposaccharide natural compounds consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit (two heptose units and octulosonic acid) with oligosaccharide side chains and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid units (they are a major constituent of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria). CHEBI:16412 lipopolysaccharide The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of valine. L-Valine VALINE CHEBI:16414 L-valine L-Valine KEGG_COMPOUND VALINE PDBeChem An aromatic ether that is phenol which is substituted at C-5 by a chloro group and at C-2 by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. It is widely used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in personal care products such as soaps, skin creams, toothpaste and deodorants as well as in household items such as plastic chopping boards, sports equipment and shoes. CHEBI:164200 triclosan The <i>trans</i>-isomer of caffeic acid. CHEBI:16433 trans-caffeic acid An α-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. 2-Aminopropanoic acid Alanine CHEBI:16449 alanine 2-Aminopropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Alanine KEGG_COMPOUND A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:16454 pantothenate A hydroxybenzyl alcohol that is phenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at C-2. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)phenol CHEBI:16464 salicyl alcohol 2-(Hydroxymethyl)phenol KEGG_COMPOUND An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid that is the <small>L</small>-isomer of arginine. L-Arginine CHEBI:16467 L-arginine L-Arginine KEGG_COMPOUND The 17β-isomer of estradiol. CHEBI:16469 17beta-estradiol A pentanone carrying an oxo substituent at position 2. Pentan-2-one CHEBI:16472 pentan-2-one Pentan-2-one KEGG_COMPOUND A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom. CHEBI:16480 nitric oxide An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. NAPHTHALENE Naphthalene CHEBI:16482 naphthalene NAPHTHALENE PDBeChem Naphthalene KEGG_COMPOUND A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position. CHEBI:16494 lipoic acid Hydrogen selenide CHEBI:16503 selane Hydrogen selenide KEGG_COMPOUND A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. CHEBI:16510 3-hydroxypropionate The <i>trans</i>-isomer of zeatin. CHEBI:16522 trans-zeatin CHEBI:165223 Adriamycinone The <i>R</i>-enantiomer of serine. D-SERINE D-Serine CHEBI:16523 D-serine D-SERINE PDBeChem D-Serine KEGG_COMPOUND A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid. CHEBI:16525 taurochenodeoxycholic acid A one-carbon compound with formula CO<small>₂</small> in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide CHEBI:16526 carbon dioxide CARBON DIOXIDE PDBeChem Carbon dioxide KEGG_COMPOUND A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:16541 protein polypeptide chain A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. CHEBI:16547 coniferyl aldehyde An organochlorine compound with insecticidal activity. CHEBI:16548 chlordecone A trehalose in which both glucose residues have α-configuration at the anomeric carbon. CHEBI:16551 alpha,alpha-trehalose A thioacetic acid that is acetic acid in which the oxygen atom of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a sulfur atom. CHEBI:16555 ethanethioic S-acid A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)-configuration. Sphinganine CHEBI:16566 sphinganine Sphinganine KEGG_COMPOUND A one-carbon compound in which the carbon atom is attached to an oxygen and a sulfur atom via double bonds. Carbonyl sulfide CHEBI:16573 carbonyl sulfide Carbonyl sulfide KEGG_COMPOUND A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. Anisole CHEBI:16579 anisole Anisole KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorophenylethylene that is ethylene substituted by two 4-chlorophenyl groups at position 1 and two chlorine atoms at position 2. CHEBI:16598 DDE A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2. CHEBI:16602 trichloroethene A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds. CHEBI:16605 allyl alcohol A triamine that is the 1,5,10-triaza derivative of decane. CHEBI:16610 spermidine A methoxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of vanillic acid. 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZOATE CHEBI:16632 vanillate 4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZOATE PDBeChem A trisaccharide composed of α-<small>D</small>-galactopyranose, α-<small>D</small>-glucopyranose and β-<small>D</small>-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1→6 and 1↔2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. CHEBI:16634 raffinose Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula C<small>_<em>m</em></small>(H<small>₂</small>O)<small>_<em>n</em></small>. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate CHEBI:16648 dialkyl phosphate An optically active form of lactate having (<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:16651 (S)-lactate CHEBI:166606 Urolithin B Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from α-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. CHEBI:16670 peptide CHEBI:166812 Secosterol-A A monocarboxylic acid anion that is conjugate base of ochratoxin A, arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:166829 ochratoxin A(1-) A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central copper atom at two or more points. CHEBI:166831 copper chelator A methylated tertiary amine that is trimethylammonium in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:166856 hydroxytrimethylaminium A 6-oxo steroid that is 5β-cholest-7-en-6-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 14, 22 and 25 respectively (the 2β, 3β, 22<i>R</i> stereoisomer). It is a steroid prohormone of the major insect moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. CHEBI:16688 ecdysone An elastomeric copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate used to produce "rubber-like" materials. CHEBI:166881 poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) A group of plant storage proteins having a high proline amino acid content. CHEBI:166885 prolamin An organic cation that is the conjugate acid of noradrenaline, obtained by protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:166902 noradrenaline(1+) A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. CHEBI:16695 uridine 5'-monophosphate An oil extracted from the seeds of <em>Glycine max</em>. Typical fatty acid composition is 51% linoleic acid, 7-10% α-linolenic acid, 23% oleic acid, 10% palmitic acid and 4% stearic acid. CHEBI:166975 soybean oil A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group. CYANAMIDE Cyanamide CHEBI:16698 cyanamide CYANAMIDE PDBeChem Cyanamide KEGG_COMPOUND A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated. CHEBI:16701 nucleoside 5'-phosphate A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of uracil attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a β‒N<small>^1</small>-glycosidic bond. URIDINE Uridine CHEBI:16704 uridine URIDINE PDBeChem Uridine KEGG_COMPOUND A penicillanic acid compound having a (6<i>R</i>)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. CHEBI:16705 6-aminopenicillanic acid Any octanoid that is derived from jasmonate. CHEBI:167055 Jasmonate derivatives The parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. CHEBI:16708 adenine A fatty alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom different from the terminal carbons. Secondary fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched. CHEBI:167095 secondary fatty alcohol An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion. CHEBI:167099 benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:167114 2-hydroxydicarboxylate(2-) A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, <em>Papaver somniferum var. album</em>; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties. CHEBI:16714 codeine A six-carbon aromatic annulene in which each carbon atom donates one of its two 2p electrons into a delocalised π system. A toxic, flammable liquid byproduct of coal distillation, it is used as an industrial solvent. Benzene is a carcinogen that also damages bone marrow and the central nervous system. BENZENE Benzene CHEBI:16716 benzene BENZENE PDBeChem Benzene KEGG_COMPOUND An aldonolactone phosphate that is the 2-phosphate ester of <small>L</small>-ascorbic acid. It can stimulate collagen formation. CHEBI:167162 L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate An organophosphate oxoanion that is the trianion formed from <small>L</small>-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate by deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group and of both hydroxy groups of the phosphate function; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:167163 L-ascorbate 2-phosphate(3-) A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body. CHEBI:167164 mineral nutrient Any compound that exhibits antagonist activity at the κ-opioid receptor. CHEBI:167165 kappa-opioid receptor antagonist A substance which is poisonous to fish and is primarily used to eliminate dominant species of fish in water. CHEBI:167183 piscicide A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine. CHEBI:167204 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-<em>N</em>-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:167205 (R)-mosapride A 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-<em>N</em>-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide that has (<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:167206 (S)-mosapride A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (<i>S</i>)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. CHEBI:167308 dextromethadone A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. CHEBI:167309 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one The <i>E</i> (<i>trans</i>) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. CHEBI:16731 (E)-cinnamaldehyde CHEBI:16733 D-alpha-amino acid A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4. 2,4-Dichlorophenol CHEBI:16738 2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol KEGG_COMPOUND A furancarboxylate that is the conjugate base of 2-furoic acid. CHEBI:16739 2-furoate A tricarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of domoic acid, arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:167470 domoate(2-) A purine nucleoside in which guanine is attached to ribofuranose via a β-<em>N</em><small>^9</small>-glycosidic bond. Guanosine CHEBI:16750 guanosine Guanosine KEGG_COMPOUND An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine. CHEBI:16753 pantetheine A dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid that is (5β)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. CHEBI:16755 chenodeoxycholic acid Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also <a href="http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001" target="_blank">http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001</a>. CHEBI:167559 glycan A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate CHEBI:16761 ADP Adenosine 5'-diphosphate KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. CHEBI:167638 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1<i>S</i>,2<i>S</i>-configuration. CHEBI:167639 (S,S)-labetalol A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>-configuration. CHEBI:167640 (R,S)-labetolol A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>-configuration. CHEBI:167641 (S,R)-labetolol An aminoalkylindole consisting of indole having a 2-aminoethyl group at the 3-position. 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE CHEBI:16765 tryptamine 2-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)ETHANAMINE PDBeChem A member of the class of indazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-indazole substituted by pyridin-4-yl and {[(3<i>R</i>)-1-(2-oxo-2-{4-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}ethyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (IC<small>₅₀</small> = 4 and 1 nM, respectively) that exhibits anti-cancer properties. CHEBI:167670 SCH772984 A secondary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of morpholine resulting from the protonation of the NH group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:167868 morpholinium mercury(2+) ion mercury(II) cation CHEBI:16793 mercury(2+) mercury(2+) ion ChEBI mercury(II) cation ChEBI A tropane alkaloid that is the (<i>S</i>)-tropic acid ester of 6β,7β-epoxy-1α<em>H</em>,5α<em>H</em>-tropan-3α-ol. CHEBI:16794 scopolamine A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. CHEBI:16796 melatonin A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has α-configuration. CHEBI:16799 16alpha-hydroxy steroid A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. Methionine CHEBI:16811 methionine Methionine KEGG_COMPOUND The simplest of the methylamines, consisting of ammonia bearing a single methyl substituent. Methanamine CHEBI:16830 methylamine Methanamine KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is <em>para</em> to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. 4-Nitrophenol CHEBI:16836 4-nitrophenol 4-Nitrophenol KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3<em>H</em>)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2<i>E</i>)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by <em>Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum</em> and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. CHEBI:168396 mycophenolic acid An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. Formaldehyde CHEBI:16842 formaldehyde Formaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of the α-amino acid lysine. D-LYSINE D-Lysine CHEBI:16855 D-lysine D-LYSINE PDBeChem D-Lysine KEGG_COMPOUND A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine. CHEBI:16856 glutathione An optically active form of threonine having <small>L</small>-configuration. L-Threonine CHEBI:16857 L-threonine L-Threonine KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:16862 nucleoside 5'-diphosphate CHEBI:168630 Chlorin E6 A γ-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. 4-Aminobutanoic acid 4-aminobutanoic acid CHEBI:16865 gamma-aminobutyric acid 4-Aminobutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 4-aminobutanoic acid ChEBI A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the α carbon atom. CHEBI:16891 glyoxylic acid The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of mannitol. D-Mannitol D-mannitol Mannitol mannitol CHEBI:16899 D-mannitol D-Mannitol KEGG_COMPOUND D-mannitol ChEBI Mannitol KEGG_COMPOUND mannitol ChEMBL A quinoline <em>N</em>-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide CHEBI:16907 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide KEGG_COMPOUND 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide ChEBI A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the <em>ortho</em> position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID CHEBI:16914 salicylic acid 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID PDBeChem A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. CHEBI:16918 gallate A phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3β-hydroxy group. CHEBI:16933 ergosterol A cyanoamino acid that is the 3-cyano-derivative of <small>L</small>-alanine. 3-Cyano-L-alanine CHEBI:16934 3-cyano-L-alanine 3-Cyano-L-alanine KEGG_COMPOUND A tricarboxylic acid trianion, obtained by deprotonation of the three carboxy groups of citric acid. CHEBI:16947 citrate(3-) A naturally-occurring β-amino acid comprising propionic acid with the amino group in the 3-position. BETA-ALANINE beta-Alanine CHEBI:16958 beta-alanine BETA-ALANINE PDBeChem beta-Alanine KEGG_COMPOUND Derivatives of phosphoglycerols which have only one of the alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone ester-linked with a fatty acid. CHEBI:16961 monoacylglycerol phosphate A C<small>₂₁</small>-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 17 and 21 and oxo group at positions 3, 11 and 20. CHEBI:16962 cortisone A polysaccharide composed of two or more different types of monosaccharides, CHEBI:16966 heteroglycan A mineralocorticoid that is progesterone substituted at position 21 by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:16973 11-deoxycorticosterone CHEBI:16975 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of alanine. ALANINE L-Alanine CHEBI:16977 L-alanine ALANINE PDBeChem L-Alanine KEGG_COMPOUND A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in <small>D</small>-glyceraldehyde. CHEBI:16988 D-ribose A member of the class of biladienes that is a linear tetrapyrrole with the dipyrrole units being of both exovinyl and endovinyl type. A product of heme degradation, it is produced in the reticuloendothelial system by the reduction of biliverdin and transported to the liver as a complex with serum albumin. Bilirubin CHEBI:16990 bilirubin IXalpha Bilirubin KEGG_COMPOUND High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; DNA contain the genetic information of organisms. CHEBI:16991 deoxyribonucleic acid An α,ω-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. OXALIC ACID Oxalic acid CHEBI:16995 oxalic acid OXALIC ACID PDBeChem Oxalic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:169952 13-cis-retinoate The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (−59°C) and high-boiling (188°C) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. Propane-1,2-diol CHEBI:16997 propane-1,2-diol Propane-1,2-diol KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of phenylalanine. D-PHENYLALANINE D-Phenylalanine CHEBI:16998 D-phenylalanine D-PHENYLALANINE PDBeChem D-Phenylalanine KEGG_COMPOUND A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that results from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of tropic acid. CHEBI:17000 tropate <small>D</small>-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[<em>g</em>]pteridin-10(2<em>H</em>)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. CHEBI:17015 riboflavin A C<small>₂₁</small>-steroid hormone in which a pregnane skeleton carries oxo substituents at positions 3 and 20 and is unsaturated at C(4)-C(5). As a hormone, it is involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species. CHEBI:17026 progesterone An aminoglycan consisting of β-(1→4)-linked <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>D</small>-glucosamine residues. CHEBI:17029 chitin A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits. CHEBI:17043 biphenyl-2-ol A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N<small>₂</small>O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. Dinitrogen oxide CHEBI:17045 dinitrogen oxide Dinitrogen oxide KEGG_COMPOUND Fluoride CHEBI:17051 fluoride Fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of aspartic acid. ASPARTIC ACID L-Aspartic acid CHEBI:17053 L-aspartic acid ASPARTIC ACID PDBeChem L-Aspartic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A glycosylglucose consisting of two glucose units linked via a β(1→4) bond. CHEBI:17057 cellobiose The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of glutamine. D-Glutamine CHEBI:17061 D-glutamine D-Glutamine KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:17062 primary aliphatic amine A nitroaniline carrying a nitro group at position 4. 4-NITROANILINE 4-Nitroaniline CHEBI:17064 4-nitroaniline 4-NITROANILINE PDBeChem 4-Nitroaniline KEGG_COMPOUND A amino cyclitol glycoside that consists of streptidine having a disaccharyl moiety attached at the 4-position. The parent of the streptomycin class CHEBI:17076 streptomycin A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen α- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:17084 2-hydroxyglutaric acid A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R<small>₂</small>C=O (neither R may be H). ketones CHEBI:17087 ketone ketones ChEBI An <em>sn</em>-glycero-3-phosphate compound having a single unspecified acyl group at either position 1 or position 2. CHEBI:17088 monoacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. CHEBI:17089 glycoprotein A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops. 1,1'-Biphenyl CHEBI:17097 biphenyl 1,1'-Biphenyl KEGG_COMPOUND A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR<small>₂</small>)<small>₃</small>, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR<small>₂</small>)<small>₂</small> , P(=O)(OH)<small>₂</small>(NR<small>₂</small>). CHEBI:17102 phosphoramide The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of serine. L-Serine CHEBI:17115 L-serine L-Serine KEGG_COMPOUND A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexanoic acid (also known as caproic acid). CHEBI:17120 hexanoate An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4. CHEBI:17126 carnitine CHEBI:17137 hydrogensulfite An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. 2-Aminoethanethiol 2-aminoethanethiol CHEBI:17141 cysteamine 2-Aminoethanethiol KEGG_COMPOUND 2-aminoethanethiol ChEBI A four-carbon alkane-α,ω-diamine. It is obtained by the breakdown of amino acids and is responsible for the foul odour of putrefying flesh. CHEBI:17148 putrescine An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. Propionaldehyde CHEBI:17153 propanal Propionaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. CHEBI:17154 nicotinamide A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. 2-Oxopropanal CHEBI:17158 methylglyoxal 2-Oxopropanal KEGG_COMPOUND An antiparasitic agent which is effective against amoeba, a genus of single-celled amoeboids in the family Amoebidae. CHEBI:171664 antiamoebic agent A secondary aliphatic amine where both <em>N</em>-substituents are methyl. CHEBI:17170 dimethylamine CHEBI:17184 chlordecone alcohol CHEBI:17187 pinene CHEBI:17188 nucleoside 5'-monophosphate A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4. 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile CHEBI:17192 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile KEGG_COMPOUND A halomethane that is chloromethane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. CHEBI:17194 bromochloromethane An optically active form of asparagine having <small>L</small>-configuration. ASPARAGINE L-Asparagine CHEBI:17196 L-asparagine ASPARAGINE PDBeChem L-Asparagine KEGG_COMPOUND A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase. 5'-Inosinic acid CHEBI:17202 IMP 5'-Inosinic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Pyrrolidine in which the <em>pro</em>-<i>S</i> hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. <small>L</small>-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group α to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. L-Proline PROLINE CHEBI:17203 L-proline L-Proline KEGG_COMPOUND PROLINE PDBeChem A butenoic acid having the double bond at position C-2. CHEBI:17217 2-butenoic acid Any 3β-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6. CHEBI:1722 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. CHEBI:17231 m-cresol An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. Glucose CHEBI:17234 glucose Glucose KEGG_COMPOUND Any organobromine compound that is used as a flame retardant. These chemicals are widely incorporated as additives in consumer products such as electronics, vehicles, polyurethane foams etc, to make them less flammable. CHEBI:172368 brominated flame retardant A hydroxyether which contains both an ether and alcohol functional groups. It is one of the most versatile classes of organic solvents which are commonly used in paints, cleaners, adhesives, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. CHEBI:172390 glycol ether A perfluorinated compound in which the carbon chain atoms are completely fluorinated. CHEBI:172397 perfluoroalkyl substance A dicarboxylic acid dianion that results from the deprotonation of both of the carboxylic acid groups of itaconic acid. CHEBI:17240 itaconate(2-) An organofluorine compound that has multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain (but at least one of the carbon atoms in the chain is not fully fluorinated). CHEBI:172406 polyfluoroalkyl substance The 1<em>H</em>-tautomer of pyrazole. PYRAZOLE Pyrazole CHEBI:17241 1H-pyrazole PYRAZOLE PDBeChem Pyrazole KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:17242 dehydroascorbic acid A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. CARBON MONOXIDE Carbon monoxide CHEBI:17245 carbon monoxide CARBON MONOXIDE PDBeChem Carbon monoxide KEGG_COMPOUND The 7<em>H</em>-tautomer of purine. Purine CHEBI:17258 7H-purine Purine KEGG_COMPOUND A 17-oxo steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by an hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. CHEBI:17263 estrone The conjugate base of propionic acid; a key precursor in lipid biosynthesis. CHEBI:17272 propionate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of phenylalanine. L-Phenylalanine CHEBI:17295 L-phenylalanine L-Phenylalanine KEGG_COMPOUND A primary arylamine in which an amino functional group is substituted for one of the benzene hydrogens. ANILINE Aniline CHEBI:17296 aniline ANILINE PDBeChem Aniline KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorocarbon that is tetrachloro substituted ethene. Tetrachloroethene CHEBI:17300 tetrachloroethene Tetrachloroethene KEGG_COMPOUND A morphinane alkaloid that is a highly potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. Morphine acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain but has a high potential for addiction, with tolerance and both physical and psychological dependence developing rapidly. Morphine is the most abundant opiate found in <em>Papaver somniferum</em> (the opium poppy). CHEBI:17303 morphine A glycosylglucose consisting of two <small>D</small>-glucopyranose units connected by an α-(1→4)-linkage. CHEBI:17306 maltose Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. CHEBI:173084 ferroptosis inhibitor Any substance that induces or promotes ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. CHEBI:173085 ferroptosis inducer An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-amino-4-(cyclohexylamino)benzoic acid with ethanol. It is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, a distinct non-apoptotic form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. It is also a radical-trapping antioxidant and has the ability to reduce the accumulation of lipid peroxides and chain-carrying peroxyl radicals. CHEBI:173086 ferrostatin-1 Chloric acid CHEBI:17322 chloric acid Chloric acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:17326 nucleoside 5'-triphoshate Any member of the group of substituted penams containing two methyl substituents at position 2, a carboxylate substituent at position 3 and a carboxamido group at position 6. CHEBI:17334 penicillin A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have <i>E</i>- (<i>trans</i>-) geometry. all-trans-Retinol CHEBI:17336 all-trans-retinol all-trans-Retinol KEGG_COMPOUND A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. CHEBI:17345 guanosine 5'-monophosphate An androstanoid having 17β-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4‒C-5.. CHEBI:17347 testosterone An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have <i>Z</i> (<i>cis</i>) stereochemistry. CHEBI:17351 linoleic acid A 16-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 16 has a β-configuration. CHEBI:17354 16beta-hydroxy steroid The parent of the class of 2-acetamidofluorenes, being an <em>ortho</em>-fused polycyclic arene that consists of 9<em>H</em>-fluorene bearing an acetamido substituent at position 2. It is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. CHEBI:17356 2-acetamidofluorene A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₃</small>). CHEBI:17359 sulfite A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase. CHEBI:17361 cytidine 5'-monophosphate The simplest member of the quinoline class of compounds, comprising a benzene ring <em>ortho</em> fused to C-2 and C-3 of a pyridine ring. Quinoline CHEBI:17362 quinoline Quinoline KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of aspartic acid. D-Aspartic acid CHEBI:17364 D-aspartic acid D-Aspartic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A purine nucleobase that consists of purine bearing an oxo substituent at position 6. CHEBI:17368 hypoxanthine A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon at position 2 has (<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:17375 (2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of glyceraldehyde. CHEBI:17378 D-glyceraldehyde A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms. PENTANOIC ACID Pentanoate Pentanoic acid CHEBI:17418 valeric acid PENTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Pentanoate KEGG_COMPOUND Pentanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:17431 agmatine CHEBI:17433 queuine CHEBI:17441 chlorite A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:17445 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. CHEBI:17447 geraniol A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(<em>tert</em>-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:174690 clenbuterol A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. Aldehyde CHEBI:17478 aldehyde Aldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having having adenine as the nucleobase. Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate CHEBI:17489 3',5'-cyclic AMP Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. Hydroxyacetic acid CHEBI:17497 glycolic acid Hydroxyacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A molecular entity that can undergo oxidation by the loss of hydrogen atom(s). CHEBI:17499 hydrogen donor A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide CHEBI:17514 cyanide Cyanide KEGG_COMPOUND The (−)-enantiomer of quinic acid. CHEBI:17521 (-)-quinic acid A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH<small>₂</small>[CH(OH)]<small>_<em>n</em></small>CH<small>₂</small>OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group). CHEBI:17522 alditol The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. Hydrogencarbonate CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate Hydrogencarbonate KEGG_COMPOUND The simplest δ-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the γ position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate CHEBI:17549 5-aminolevulinic acid 5-Amino-4-oxopentanoate KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of cysteine having <small>L</small>-configuration. CYSTEINE L-Cysteine CHEBI:17561 L-cysteine CYSTEINE PDBeChem L-Cysteine KEGG_COMPOUND A phthalate that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of both the carboxy groups of phthalic acid. CHEBI:17563 phthalate(2-) A common and naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleobase in which the pyrimidine ring is substituted with two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4. Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. CHEBI:17568 uracil CHEBI:17573 glycyrrhetinate The simplest member of the class toluenes consisting of a benzene core which bears a single methyl substituent. TOLUENE Toluene CHEBI:17578 toluene TOLUENE PDBeChem Toluene KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:175787 Fucosyllactose A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of <i>all</i>-<i>trans</i>-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. CHEBI:17579 beta-carotene A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. Octane CHEBI:17590 octane Octane KEGG_COMPOUND A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine CHEBI:175901 gemcitabine 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine ChemIDplus A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via α-<small>D</small>-1,4 bonds as in maltose. The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose. CHEBI:17593 maltooligosaccharide A benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents <em>para</em> to each other. Benzene-1,4-diol CHEBI:17594 hydroquinone Benzene-1,4-diol KEGG_COMPOUND A purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a β-<em>N</em><small>^9</small>-glycosidic bond. INOSINE Inosine CHEBI:17596 inosine INOSINE PDBeChem Inosine KEGG_COMPOUND An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located <em>para</em> to the phenolic -OH group. 4-AMINOPHENOL 4-Aminophenol CHEBI:17602 4-aminophenol 4-AMINOPHENOL PDBeChem 4-Aminophenol KEGG_COMPOUND Any <small>D</small>-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. CHEBI:17608 D-aldohexose A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:17612 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate A ferulic acid consisting of <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. CHEBI:17620 trans-ferulic acid A cyclic oligosaccharide comprising a ring of <small>D</small>-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) glycosidic bonds. CHEBI:17623 cyclomaltodextrin A nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from nitric acid. Principal species present at pH 7.3. nitrate CHEBI:17632 nitrate nitrate UniProt A glucose with <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:17634 D-glucose A chlorophenol that is phenol substituted by 5 chloro groups. PENTACHLOROPHENOL Pentachlorophenol CHEBI:17642 pentachlorophenol PENTACHLOROPHENOL PDBeChem Pentachlorophenol KEGG_COMPOUND Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan. CHEBI:176497 geroprotector A 17α-hydroxy-C<small>₂₁</small>-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21. Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone or glucocorticoid produced by zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, which is a part of the adrenal gland. It is usually referred to as the "stress hormone" as it is involved in response to stress and anxiety, controlled by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). It increases blood pressure and blood sugar, and reduces immune responses. CHEBI:17650 cortisol A non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups. CHEBI:176510 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid A substance to which an electron may be transferred. CHEBI:17654 electron acceptor A macrolide antibiotic that is tylonolide having mono- and diglycosyl moieties attached to two of its hydroxy groups. It is found naturally as a fermentation product of <em>Streptomyces fradiae</em>. CHEBI:17658 tylosin CHEBI:17668 ribonucleoside diphosphat Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include <small>L</small>-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. CHEBI:176783 vitamin C Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₂</small> deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B<small>₂</small> deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). CHEBI:176838 vitamin B2 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₃</small> deficiency. Vitamin B<small>₃</small> deficiency causes a condition known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellagra" target="_blank">pellagra</a> whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms). CHEBI:176839 vitamin B3 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₅</small> deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B<small>₅</small> is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B<small>₅</small> deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (<i>R</i>)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms. CHEBI:176840 vitamin B5 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₇</small> deficiency. Vitamin B<small>₇</small> deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B<small>₇</small> deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. CHEBI:176841 vitamin B7 Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B<small>₉</small> deficiency. Vitamin B<small>₉</small> refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B<small>₉</small> leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B<small>₉</small> deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. CHEBI:176842 vitamin B9 Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₁₂</small> deficiency. Vitamin B<small>₁₂</small> deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives). CHEBI:176843 vitamin B12 A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has <i>S</i>-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>. CHEBI:17688 (S)-nicotine A ruthenium coordination entity that is the sodium salt of tetrachloro[bis(1<em>H</em>-indazole)]ruthenate(III). It is a anticancer drug in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumours. CHEBI:176975 KP1339 An organochlorine compound that is dichloro-substituted acetamide containing a nitrobenzene ring, an amide bond and two alcohol functions. CHEBI:17698 chloramphenicol Benzenediol CHEBI:17701 benzenediol Benzenediol KEGG_COMPOUND The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. CHEBI:17710 (R)-mevalonic acid A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of <small>D</small>-galactose and <small>D</small>-glucose fragments bonded through a β-1→4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the α- or β-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the β-pyranose form. CHEBI:17716 lactose CHEBI:177333 organic tetracyclic compound A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for <em>de novo</em> pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties. CHEBI:177387 brequinar A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. N,N-Dimethylformamide CHEBI:17741 N,N-dimethylformamide N,N-Dimethylformamide KEGG_COMPOUND A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:17747 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. THYMIDINE Thymidine CHEBI:17748 thymidine THYMIDINE PDBeChem Thymidine KEGG_COMPOUND A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:17754 glycerol Ceramides (<em>N</em>-acyl-sphingoid bases) are a major subclass of sphingoid base derivatives with an amide-linked fatty acid. The fatty acids are typically saturated or monounsaturated with chain lengths from 14 to 26 carbon atoms; the presence of a hydroxyl group on carbon 2 is fairly common. Ceramides are generally precursors of more complex sphingolipids. In the illustrated generalised structure, R<small>^1</small> = OH, OX (where X = acyl, glycosyl, phosphate, phosphonate, etc.), or H. CHEBI:17761 ceramide CHEBI:177719 Avasimibe CHEBI:177763 Diallyltetrasulfane A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution. CHEBI:17781 lumichrome A quinolinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of brequinar arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:177870 brequinar(1-) The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. METHANOL Methanol CHEBI:17790 methanol METHANOL PDBeChem Methanol KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:177917 phenolic steroid A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). CHEBI:17792 organohalogen compound An aryl β-<small>D</small>-glucoside that is salicyl alcohol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a β-<small>D</small>-glucosyl residue. CHEBI:17814 salicin A pyrimidine nucleobase that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a methyl group. THYMINE Thymine CHEBI:17821 thymine THYMINE PDBeChem Thymine KEGG_COMPOUND An α-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Serine CHEBI:17822 serine Serine KEGG_COMPOUND A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. Propan-2-ol CHEBI:17824 propan-2-ol Propan-2-ol KEGG_COMPOUND Any of a group of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by fermentation of some <em>Micromonospora</em> spp. CHEBI:17833 gentamycin An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4. CHEBI:1784 biphenyl-4-amine A member of the class of hydroxyindoles that is 1<em>H</em>-indole substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. 1H-indol-3-ol CHEBI:17840 indoxyl 1H-indol-3-ol ChEBI A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals. CHEBI:17847 p-cresol A cyclic ketone that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single oxo substituent. CYCLOHEXANONE Cyclohexanone CHEBI:17854 cyclohexanone CYCLOHEXANONE PDBeChem Cyclohexanone KEGG_COMPOUND Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. CHEBI:17855 triglyceride CHEBI:17858 glutathione disulfide An α,ω-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Pentanedioic acid CHEBI:17859 glutaric acid Pentanedioic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. CHEBI:17865 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate The conjugate base of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, comprising a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid core with a proton missing to give a charge of -1. CHEBI:17879 4-hydroxybenzoate A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. CHEBI:17883 hydrogen chloride An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl group at position 2. CHEBI:17890 tryptophol A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:17891 donor A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid having (2<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:17893 (2R)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid An optically active form of tyrosine having <small>L</small>-configuration. L-Tyrosine TYROSINE CHEBI:17895 L-tyrosine L-Tyrosine KEGG_COMPOUND TYROSINE PDBeChem A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have <i>E</i>- (<i>trans</i>-) geometry. CHEBI:17898 all-trans-retinal An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:17907 styrene oxide CHEBI:17920 3-methyleneoxindole A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine CHEBI:17963 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KEGG_COMPOUND A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of ethanol with carbamic acid. It has been found in alcoholic beverages. Ethyl carbamate CHEBI:17967 urethane Ethyl carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:17968 butyrate CHEBI:17972 ribonucleoside triphosphate An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. Phenylmethanol CHEBI:17987 benzyl alcohol Phenylmethanol KEGG_COMPOUND A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. CHEBI:17992 sucrose A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. Chloride chloride CHEBI:17996 chloride Chloride KEGG_COMPOUND chloride UniProt An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. Nitrogen CHEBI:17997 dinitrogen Nitrogen KEGG_COMPOUND A dimethoxyflavone that the 3,7-di-<em>O</em>-methyl derivative of quercetin. CHEBI:18010 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has <i>E</i> geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. CHEBI:18012 fumaric acid An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid; the <small>L</small>-isomer of lysine. L-Lysine CHEBI:18019 L-lysine L-Lysine KEGG_COMPOUND A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid. CHEBI:18022 thiocyanate CHEBI:18044 dialkyl ketone A member of the class of triazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an aminocarbonyl group at position 3. It is the major catabolite and aglycon of ribavirin. CHEBI:180482 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide An azacycloalkane that is cyclohexane in which one of the carbons is replaced by a nitrogen. It is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine. Piperidine CHEBI:18049 piperidine Piperidine KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of glutamine having <small>L</small>-configuration. GLUTAMINE L-Glutamine CHEBI:18050 L-glutamine GLUTAMINE PDBeChem L-Glutamine KEGG_COMPOUND A non-proteinogenic α-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid CHEBI:18053 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:18059 lipid A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. CHEBI:18067 phylloquinone A complex biopolymer that is a component of plant cell walls which is used as a renewable feedstock for the production of paper, fuels, and chemicals (also used as a feed supplement in the poultry industry). Its structure comprises of three main types of carbon-based polymer — cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Generally, its biomass consists of 35-50% cellulose, 20-35% hemicellulose, and 10-25% lignin with proteins, oils, and ash making up the remaining fraction. CHEBI:180683 lignocellulose A secondary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of fasudil arising from the protonation of the diazepane ring; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:180694 fasudil(1+) Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. Glycosaminoglycan CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan Glycosaminoglycan KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. CHEBI:18088 formononetin The <i>R</i>-enantiomer of nicardipine. CHEBI:180904 (R)-nicardipine A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. CHEBI:180905 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate An organosulfate oxoanion that is the hexanion of suramin resulting from the deprotonation of the six sulfo groups; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:180911 suramin(6-) An alcohol that consists of cyclohexane bearing a single hydroxy substituent. The parent of the class of cyclohexanols. Cyclohexanol CHEBI:18099 cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol KEGG_COMPOUND A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. CHEBI:18101 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid An alkane-α,ω-diamine comprising a straight-chain pentane core with amino substitutents at positions 1 and 5. A colourless syrupy liquid diamine with a distinctive unpleasant odour, it is a homologue of putresceine and is formed by the bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. It is also found in plants such as soyabean. PENTANE-1,5-DIAMINE CHEBI:18127 cadaverine PENTANE-1,5-DIAMINE PDBeChem Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). CHEBI:18133 hexose A benzenediol comprising of a benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents <em>ortho </em> to each other. CHEBI:18135 catechol A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an methyl group. N,N-Dimethylmethanamine CHEBI:18139 trimethylamine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine KEGG_COMPOUND hydrogen halides CHEBI:18140 hydrogen halide hydrogen halides ChEBI An α-tocopherol that has <i>R</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i> configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of α-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. CHEBI:18145 (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7. It has been isolated from the leaves of <em>Myrica rubra</em> and other plants. CHEBI:18152 myricetin Ethylene CHEBI:18153 ethene Ethylene KEGG_COMPOUND A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. CHEBI:18154 polysaccharide A haloacetate(1−) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of fluoroacetic acid. CHEBI:18172 fluoroacetate An α-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. Tyrosine CHEBI:18186 tyrosine Tyrosine KEGG_COMPOUND A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. CHEBI:18208 benzylpenicillin The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the <em>N</em><small>^5</small>-position. Citrulline CHEBI:18211 citrulline Citrulline KEGG_COMPOUND A simplest member of the class of isoflavones that is 4<em>H</em>-chromen-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:18220 isoflavone An aldopentose, found in the embryos of most edible plants and used in medicine to test for malabsorption by administration in water to the patient. Xylose CHEBI:18222 xylose Xylose KEGG_COMPOUND An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. CHEBI:18231 arsenic acid An α-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. CHEBI:18237 glutamic acid Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol CHEBI:18243 dopamine 4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol KEGG_COMPOUND A β-<small>D</small>-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1→4) linkages. CHEBI:18246 (1->4)-beta-D-glucan An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. Iron CHEBI:18248 iron atom Iron KEGG_COMPOUND 5alpha-Cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol CHEBI:18252 zymosterol 5alpha-Cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol KEGG_COMPOUND Any nucleoside where the sugar component is <small>D</small>-ribose. CHEBI:18254 ribonucleoside An α-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. 2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid Ornithine CHEBI:18257 ornithine 2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Ornithine KEGG_COMPOUND A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of dodecanoic acid (lauric acid); major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:18262 dodecanoate An α-<small>D</small>-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1→6) linkages. CHEBI:18269 (1->6)-alpha-D-glucan CHEBI:18274 2'-deoxyribonucleoside An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. Hydrogen dihydrogen CHEBI:18276 dihydrogen Hydrogen KEGG_COMPOUND dihydrogen ChEBI That part of DNA or RNA that may be involved in pairing. Base CHEBI:18282 nucleobase Base KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:18283 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate Any form of fucose having <small>L</small> configuration. CHEBI:18287 L-fucose Manganese CHEBI:18291 manganese atom Manganese KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:18292 jasmonic acid A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-imidazole substituted at position C-4 by a 2-aminoethyl group. CHEBI:18295 histamine A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has <i>cis</i>- (<i>Z</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:18300 maleic acid A α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. CHEBI:18308 acrylic acid An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_{2<em>n</em>+2}</small>, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Alkane CHEBI:18310 alkane Alkane KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:183111 Acoziborole The <i>threo</i>-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. CHEBI:18320 1,4-dithiothreitol The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of thyroxine. L-Thyroxine CHEBI:18332 L-thyroxine L-Thyroxine KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde CHEBI:18346 vanillin 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde ChemIDplus A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel K<small>_v</small>1.3 (EC<small>₅₀</small> = 3 nM). CHEBI:183514 psora 4 DIPHOSPHATE CHEBI:18361 diphosphate(4-) DIPHOSPHATE PDBeChem A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. Phosphate CHEBI:18367 phosphate(3-) Phosphate KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:183694 Zeatin-7-N-glucoside A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-3 and C-5 of the ribose ring are engaged in formation of a cyclic mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphate. CHEBI:18375 nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate A compound having the structure RC≡N; thus a <em>C</em>-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC≡N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound ≡N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. CHEBI:18379 nitrile A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. CHEBI:18385 thiamine(1+) A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. CHEBI:18388 apigenin A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylacetic acid. CHEBI:18401 phenylacetate CHEBI:184062 L-arginine, methyl ester A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom CHEBI:18407 hydrogen cyanide CHEBI:184113 Tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate CHEBI:18421 superoxide SULFUR DIOXIDE Sulfur dioxide CHEBI:18422 sulfur dioxide SULFUR DIOXIDE PDBeChem Sulfur dioxide KEGG_COMPOUND A guanidinium ion obtained by protonation of both guanidino groups of streptidine; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:184376 streptidine(2+) CHEBI:184579 Magnesium perchlorate CHEBI:185646 1,4-Methylimidazoleacetic acid A 1,3-dichloropropene with a (<i>E</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:18624 (E)-1,3-dichloropropene A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-nicotine. CHEBI:18723 nicotine A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:1879 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of mevalonate. CHEBI:18790 (S)-mevalonate CHEBI:188074 rosiglitazone(1-) CHEBI:188144 chlorimuron-ethyl(1-) Any herbicide composed of urea or substituted urea substructure. CHEBI:188147 urea herbicide An herbicide which contains a chemically reactive phosphate ester side chain. CHEBI:188148 organophosphorus herbicide An herbicide which has a benzene ring that contains a cyanide grouping. CHEBI:188149 nitrile herbicide A rodenticide which contains one or more active ingredients and when consumed by rodents results in the inability to produce essential blood-clotting factors. CHEBI:188151 anticoagulant rodenticide A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine substituted by two methyl groups at position 1. CHEBI:18853 1,1-dimethylhydrazine CHEBI:18882 1,2-dichloroethene A chloropropene with two chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3 respectively.. CHEBI:18918 1,3-dichloropropene A lactone having a six-membered lactone ring. CHEBI:18946 delta-lactone Any polyunsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents. CHEBI:189832 hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups. CHEBI:189840 dicarboxylic fatty acid Any fatty acid that contains 2 carboxylic groups. Major microspecies at pH 7.3 CHEBI:189846 dicarboxylic fatty acid dianion A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190295 inorganic calcium salt A phosphate salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190300 inorganic phosphate salt A potassium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190303 inorganic potassium salt A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds. CHEBI:190358 azobenzene A tertiary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of dasatinib, resulting from the protonation of the piperazine tertiary amino group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:190514 dasatinib(1+) A prolamin present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genus <em>Triticum</em>. It is made up of single-chain polypeptides with an average molecular weight of 25-100 kDa linked by intramolecular disulfide bonds and classified based on its primary amino acid sequence into the α/β-, γ- and ω-type. CHEBI:190522 gliadin carbohydrate-based polymers derived from natural sources that can be utilized by certain gastrointestinal tract bacteria but not by the host animal CHEBI:190523 fructooligosaccharide A peptide cation obtained from the protonation of the amino and guanidino groups of substance P; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:190692 substance P(3+) An oxo carboxylic acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents. Derivatives formed from the first step in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and can provide important information on animal health and disease. CHEBI:191197 branched-chain keto acid An oxo carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of branched-chain keto acid resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:191201 branched-chain keto acid anion A secondary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-labetalol resulting from the protonation of the secondary amino group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:191214 dilevalol(1+) Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. CHEBI:19168 17-oxo steroid An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice. CHEBI:191875 dextran sulfate sodium An organosulfate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfo groups of dextran sulfate; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:191931 dextran sulfate anion A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4. CHEBI:19203 1H-pyrrole A zwitterion formed from ciprofloxacin by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:192484 ciprofloxacin zwitterion A secondary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of ciprofloxacin resulting from the protonation of the NH group; major species at acidic pH. CHEBI:192486 ciprofloxacin(1+) are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers. CHEBI:192499 anthoxanthin A chemical or biochemical compound that is introduced in small concentrations to a living system to promote the biosynthesis of the target bioactive compound. CHEBI:192504 elicitor Conjugate base of ochratoxin α; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:192527 ochratoxin alpha(1-) A 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration). CHEBI:19254 purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside CHEBI:19255 pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside A 9<em>H</em>-β-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy group at C-7; major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:192558 harmol CHEBI:192671 Trenbolone acetate CHEBI:192979 nystatin A2 The conjugate base of methylcarbamic acid; major microspecies at pH 7.3. CHEBI:193111 methylcarbamate A chlorophenoxyacetate anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. CHEBI:19331 (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate A member of the class of ferulic acids that is cinnamic acid substituted by a methoxy and a hydroxy group at positions 3 and 4 of the phenyl ring. CHEBI:193350 ferulic acid A chlorophenoxyacetate anion that is the conjugate base of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:19351 (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate Docosanoids characterized by the presence of a conjugated system of double bonds. CHEBI:193572 protectin A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are <em>ortho</em> to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines. CHEBI:19391 2,6-dibromophenol CHEBI:194095 mitomycin C(1-) An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7<em>H</em>-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-<em>ij</em>]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively. CHEBI:194135 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid An agonist at the neurokinin-1 receptor. CHEBI:194137 neurokinin-1 receptor agonist Organic heterotetracyclic compounds which are a group of nitro phenanthrene organic acids, naturally found in many kinds of plants, such as <em>Aristolochia</em> and <em>Asarum</em>, and widely cultivated in Asia.They are identified as a class 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer owing to their carcinogenicity and nephrotoxicity and can pose a significant hazard to food safety and human health. CHEBI:194147 aristolochic acids A random copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol and terephthalic acid. CHEBI:194148 polybutylene adipate terephthalate A medium-chain fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any ω-methyl fatty acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:194240 omega-methyl-medium-chain fatty acid anion A ω-hydroxy-fatty acid with a chain length of less than C<small>₆</small>. CHEBI:194306 omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid An <em>ortho</em>-fused polycyclic arene, or derivative thereof, that consists of 9<em>H</em>-fluorene bearing an acetamido substituent at position 2. CHEBI:19432 2-acetamidofluorenes Any unsaturated fatty acid carrying one or more hydroperoxy substituents. CHEBI:194321 hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acid Any agent that interferes with the activity of T-type calcium channels. CHEBI:194338 T-type calcium channel blocker A class of diuretics which promote aquaresis (the excretion of water without electrolyte loss). CHEBI:194423 aquaretic Conjugate base of muramyl dipeptide. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:194491 N-acetyl-beta-D-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine(1-) A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising valeric acid having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 5-positions together with a methyl group at the 3-position. CHEBI:194519 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid An amino-nitrotoluene that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 2 by an amino group. CHEBI:19452 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:194520 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen. CHEBI:194548 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol An anilide that consists of 2-chloroacetanilide bearing an <em>N</em>-isopropyl substituent. CHEBI:19503 propachlor A diester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of thiomalic acid with ethanol. It is a metabolite of the insecticide malathion. CHEBI:195233 diethyl 2-sulfanylbutanedioate A member of the class of benzenes that is benzene substituted with one or more alkenyl groups. It is a group of naturally occurring compounds that are synthesized as secondary metabolites in various plants, including nutmeg and basil. CHEBI:195237 alkenylbenzene An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of <em>falciparum</em> malaria. CHEBI:195280 artemether A dihydroxydocosahexaenoate that is the conjugate base of protectin D1, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:195348 protectin D1(1-) A semicarbazide derivative that is semicarbazide in which the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a [1,3-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1<em>H</em>-pyrazolo[3,4-<em>b</em>]pyridin-6-yl]amino group and the amino group adjacent to the carbonyl is replaced by a (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)amino group. It is a potent S1P2 antagonist (IC<small>₅₀</small> = 17.6 nM). CHEBI:195541 JTE-013 Any sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) antagonist that acts as an antagonist for the subtype 2 receptors (S1PR2). CHEBI:195542 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonist A dipeptide zwitterion resulting from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of aspartame; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:195544 aspartame zwitterion CHEBI:197435 alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone A solvent used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. CHEBI:197449 NMR solvent A fatty alcohol with a chain length of less than C<small>₆</small>. CHEBI:197507 short-chain fatty alcohol CHEBI:19834 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide CHEBI:201492 Proteinase K Any 3-oxo steroid that contains a double bond between positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:20156 3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid CHEBI:201815 Monensin sodium salt An aminobenzenesulfonate that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. CHEBI:20313 4-aminobenzenesulfonate A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is <em>para</em> to the aniline amino group. 4-Chloroaniline CHEBI:20331 4-chloroaniline 4-Chloroaniline KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:203402 4-Bromo-9-(iodomethyl)-1,5,12-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo dodeca-2,4,6-triene An <em>N</em>-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1<em>H</em>)-one substituted by a β-<small>D</small>-ribofuranosyl residue via an <em>N</em>-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. CHEBI:2038 5-azacytidine CHEBI:20432 imidazolone A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. CHEBI:204928 cefotaxime A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of mesalamine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:20551 mesalaminate(1-) An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.19). CHEBI:20569 EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more <small>L</small>-glutamic acid or <small>L</small>-glutamate units. CHEBI:20612 5-methyltetrahydrofolate CHEBI:20664 5beta-cholane Any aminopurine having the amino substituent at the 2-position. CHEBI:20702 2-aminopurines Any compound having 6-aminopurine (adenine) as part of its structure. CHEBI:20706 6-aminopurines A sesquiterpenoid compound which is used as a drug for treatment of malaria. CHEBI:207229 dihydroartemisinin A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position. CHEBI:207496 furfuryl alcohol A mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor that interferes with the action of ATP synthase. CHEBI:20854 ATP synthase inhibitor A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond. CHEBI:20857 C-glycosyl compound CHEBI:20858 C19-gibberellin CHEBI:214314 Heptelidic acid An <em>N</em>-acetyl-amino acid having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:21501 N-acetyl-D-amino acid An <small>L</small>-amino acid having an <em>N</em>-acetyl substituent. CHEBI:21545 N-acetyl-L-amino acid An <em>N</em>-acyl-amino acid that has acetyl as the acyl group. CHEBI:21575 N-acetyl-amino acid Any <em>N</em>-acetylhexosamine in which the hexosamine has <small>D</small>-configuration. The structure provided is an illustrative example of the pyranose form of an <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>D</small>-hexosamine. CHEBI:21601 N-acetyl-D-hexosamine CHEBI:21638 N-acylglucosamine Any <em>N</em>-acylamino acid having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:21644 N-acyl-L-amino acid Any optically active <em>N</em>-acylglutamic acid having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:21650 N-acyl-L-glutamic acid CHEBI:21656 N-acyl-hexosamine A glutamic acid derivative that is glutamic acid in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an acyl group. CHEBI:21658 N-acylglutamic acid CHEBI:21672 N-amidino-amino acid CHEBI:21689 N-carbamoyl-amino acid A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond. CHEBI:21731 N-glycosyl compound An <em>N</em>-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the <em>N</em>'-position CHEBI:21759 N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine An amino acid derivative in which at least one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a methyl group. CHEBI:21760 N-methyl-amino acid An <em>N</em>-alkylglycine that is sarcosine and derivatives of sarcosine arising by replacement of the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen by a hydrocarbyl group. CHEBI:21766 N-methylglycines An organosulfur compound having the structure R<small>₂</small>S=O or R<small>₂</small>C=S=O (R ≠ H). CHEBI:22063 sulfoxide A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine. CHEBI:2208 purine-6-thiol A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has <i>cis</i>- (natural) geometry. CHEBI:22152 2-cis-abscisic acid A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass <em>Acari</em> (mites and ticks). CHEBI:22153 acaricide Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH<small>₃</small>. CHEBI:22160 acetamides Any hydroxamic acid in which the <em>N</em>-acyl group is specified as acetyl. CHEBI:22177 acetohydroxamic acids An EC 2.2.1.* (transketolase/transaldolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of acetolactate synthase (EC 2.2.1.6). CHEBI:22180 EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor A class or aromatic ketone consisting of acetophenone, PhC(=O)CH<small>₃</small>, and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:22187 acetophenones Any amino acid derivative that is the <em>N</em>-acetyl or <em>O</em>-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. CHEBI:22195 acetyl-amino acid CHEBI:22198 acetylcysteine CHEBI:22204 acetylspermidine An enamide which is acrylamide or a derivative of acrylamide obtained by replacement of one or more of its hydrogens. CHEBI:22216 acrylamides An organic group formed by removing one or more hydroxy groups from an oxoacid that has the general structure R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0). Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, with carboxylic acid as the oxoacid, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids. CHEBI:22221 acyl group CHEBI:22256 adenosine phosphate Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of adenosine. CHEBI:22260 adenosines Any of a group of related and highly toxic secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) whose main structural feature is a fused coumarin-bis(dihydrofuran) ring system and which are produced by strains of the moulds <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> or <em>A. parasiticus</em>, together with further metabolites of these mycotoxins CHEBI:22271 aflatoxin An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of alanine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing alanine residues. CHEBI:22278 alanine derivative CHEBI:22289 aldaric acid anion Dicarboxylic acids formed from aldoses by replacement of both terminal groups (CHO and CH<small>₂</small>OH) by carboxy groups. CHEBI:22290 aldaric acid CHEBI:22297 alditol phosphate Oximes of aldehydes RCH=NOH. CHEBI:22307 aldoxime CHEBI:22313 alkaline earth metal atom CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. CHEBI:22315 alkaloid A univalent group ‒C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_{2<em>n</em>+1}</small> derived from an alkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from any carbon atom. CHEBI:22323 alkyl group CHEBI:22324 alkyl phosphate CHEBI:22327 aliphatic sulfide Any amine formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by alkyl groups. CHEBI:22331 alkylamines A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, <em>Artemisia annua</em>, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of <em>falciparum</em> malaria. CHEBI:223316 (+)-artemisinin Highly reactive chemical that introduces alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevents their proper functioning. It could be used as an antineoplastic agent, but it might be very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. It could also be used as a component of poison gases. CHEBI:22333 alkylating agent Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_{2<em>n</em>−2}</small>, RC≡CR. CHEBI:22339 alkyne CHEBI:22385 alpha-D-glucan A hydroxynitrile in which the hydroxy group is located on the carbon α to the carbonitrile group. CHEBI:22455 alpha-hydroxynitrile A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2. CHEBI:22470 alpha-tocopherol A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively. CHEBI:22472 ametryn An amide of an amino acid formed formally by conversion of the carboxy group to a carboxamido group. CHEBI:22475 amino acid amide An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. CHEBI:22478 amino alcohol CHEBI:22479 amino cyclitol glycoside A nitrotoluene carrying at least one amino group. CHEBI:22482 amino-nitrotoluene Any aldehyde which contains an amino group. CHEBI:22492 amino aldehyde CHEBI:22493 aminobenzenesulfonate CHEBI:22494 aminobenzoate CHEBI:22495 aminobenzoic acid Any member of the class of biphenyls in which the biphenyl skeleton is substituted by at least one amino group. CHEBI:22496 aminobiphenyl An amino alcohol having two hydroxy functional groups. CHEBI:22501 aminodiol CHEBI:22506 aminoglycan CHEBI:22507 aminoglycoside antibiotic Any member of the class of imidazoles carrying at least one amino substituent. CHEBI:22512 aminoimidazole Any purine having at least one amino substituent. CHEBI:22527 aminopurine Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups. CHEBI:22531 aminotoluene CHEBI:225519 1-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid Any aromatic amine that is benzene carrying at least one amino substituent and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:22562 anilines A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. CHEBI:22563 anion A class of macrocyclic lactams that consist of an aromatic (phenyl or naphthyl) or quinonoid (benzoquinone or naphthoquinone) moiety that is bridged by an aliphatic chain. CHEBI:22565 ansamycin CHEBI:22580 anthraquinone A substance that prevents pests from feeding. CHEBI:22583 antifeedant A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. CHEBI:22586 antioxidant A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. CHEBI:22587 antiviral agent CHEBI:22599 arabinose CHEBI:22601 arabinoside CHEBI:22629 arsenate ion CHEBI:22632 arsenic molecular entity An arsenic oxoanion resulting from the removal of one or more protons from arsenous acid. CHEBI:22633 arsenite ion Arsane (AsH<small>₃</small>) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RAsH<small>₂</small>, R<small>₂</small>AsH, R<small>₃</small>As (R ≠ H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary arsines, respectively. A specific arsine is preferably named as a substituted arsane. CHEBI:22637 arsine Any organoarsenic compound that is the As-organyl derivative of arsonic acid. CHEBI:22638 organoarsonic acid CHEBI:22644 arylalkylamine A monocarboxylic acid amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an arene ring system. CHEBI:22645 arenecarboxamide A ketoaldonate that is the conjugate base of ascorbic acid. CHEBI:22651 ascorbate CHEBI:22652 ascorbic acid An α-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the α-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. CHEBI:22653 asparagine An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid which is <small>L</small>-aspartic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (asparagine, lysine, methionine, threonine and isoleucine). A closed class. CHEBI:22658 aspartate family amino acid An α-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single α-amino substituent CHEBI:22660 aspartic acid An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of aspartic acid by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing aspartic acid residues. CHEBI:22661 aspartic acid derivative Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek αυξανω, "to grow"). CHEBI:22676 auxin CHEBI:22681 aziridines Any member of the wide class of molecules that share the core azobenzene structure, comprising two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond, which may have different functional groups extending from the rings. CHEBI:22682 azobenzenes The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from <em>Streptomyces griseus</em>. CHEBI:22689 bafilomycin A1 Members of the class of pyrimidones consisting of pyrimidine-2,4,6(1<em>H</em>,3<em>H</em>,5<em>H</em>)-trione (barbituric acid) and its derivatives. Largest group of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics, sharing a characteristic six-membered ring structure. CHEBI:22693 barbiturates A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Brønsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). CHEBI:22695 base Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:22698 benzaldehydes CHEBI:22702 benzamides A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. CHEBI:22707 benzenetriol Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:22712 benzenes CHEBI:22713 arenesulfonate oxoanion An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring. CHEBI:22715 benzimidazoles A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any benzoic acid. CHEBI:22718 benzoates A group of heterocyclic compounds with a core structure containing a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring. CHEBI:22720 benzodiazepine Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group. CHEBI:22723 benzoic acids Any aromatic ketone in which the carbonyl group is bonded to 2 phenyl groups. CHEBI:22726 benzophenones CHEBI:22727 benzopyran CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their <em>C</em>-substituted derivatives. CHEBI:22729 benzoquinones Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton. CHEBI:22743 benzyl alcohols CHEBI:22744 benzyl group Any isoquinoline alkaloid based on a benzylisoquinoline skeleton. CHEBI:22750 benzylisoquinoline alkaloid CHEBI:22754 berberine alkaloid Any <small>D</small>-glucoside in which the anomeric centre has β-configuration. CHEBI:22798 beta-D-glucoside Any agent that inhibits nociception. CHEBI:228138 antinociceptive agent A member of the class of thianthrenes that is thianthrene substituted by a 6-(morpholin-4-yl)-4-oxo-4<em>H</em>-pyran-2-yl group at position 1. It is potent inhibitor of ATM kinase. CHEBI:228209 KU-55933 CHEBI:22823 beta-alanine derivative Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the δ chemical shift scale. CHEBI:228364 NMR chemical shift reference compound A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by 3-[(1<i>R</i>)-1-carboxypropoxy]benzyl and 3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl groups. It is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist that is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. CHEBI:228365 pemafibrate Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms. CHEBI:22860 amino-acid betaine A sodium salt of the conjugate of any bile acid with either glycine or taurine. CHEBI:22868 bile salt Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond. CHEBI:22888 biphenyls By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC<small>₆</small>H<small>₄</small>CH<small>₂</small>C<small>₆</small>H<small>₄</small>OH, commonly <em>p</em>,<em>p</em>-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom. CHEBI:22901 bisphenol A glycopeptide produced by the bacterium <em>Streptomyces verticillus</em>. The term, 'bleomycin' refers to a family of structurally related compounds. When used as an anti-cancer agent, the chemotherapeutical forms are primarily bleomycin A<small>₂</small> and B<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:22907 bleomycin CHEBI:22912 bornane monoterpenoid CHEBI:22916 boron molecular entity An insecticide compound naturally occurring in plants. CHEBI:22917 phytogenic insecticide Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents CHEBI:22918 branched-chain amino acid CHEBI:22921 brassinosteroid Any salt that has chlorate, [BrO<small>₃</small>]<small>^−</small>, as the anionic component. CHEBI:22923 bromate salt CHEBI:22925 bromide salt A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a bromine atom. CHEBI:22926 bromohydrocarbon CHEBI:22927 bromine atom CHEBI:22928 bromine molecular entity Any haloalkane that consists of an alkane substituted by at least one bromine atom. CHEBI:22929 bromoalkane A bisphenol substituted by at least one bromo group and its derivatives. CHEBI:22931 bromobisphenol An aldehyde based on a butanal skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:22939 butanals A diol that is a butanediol or a derivative of a butanediol. CHEBI:22944 butanediols Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. CHEBI:22951 butanone CHEBI:229573 puerarin(1-) CHEBI:22958 butenedioic acid Any C<small>₄</small>, straight-chain fatty acid containing one double bond. CHEBI:22959 butenoic acid The conjugate base of a fatty amide, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty amide. CHEBI:229684 fatty amide anion CHEBI:22977 cadmium atom CHEBI:22978 cadmium molecular entity CHEBI:22984 calcium atom CHEBI:22985 calcium molecular entity CHEBI:22986 calcium ionophore A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a seven-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. CHEBI:23000 caprolactams Any ester of carbamic acid or its <em>N</em>-substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23003 carbamate ester The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of carbamic acid. CHEBI:23004 carbamoyl group Any carbohydrate derivative that exhibits antibiotic activity. CHEBI:23007 carbohydrate-containing antibiotic CHEBI:23012 carbon disulfide CHEBI:23014 carbon oxide Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H<small>₂</small>CO<small>₃</small>. CHEBI:23016 carbonates An EC 4.2.1.* (hydro-lyases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1). Such compounds reduce the secretion of H<small>^+</small> ions by the proximal kidney tubule. CHEBI:23018 EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor CHEBI:23019 carbonyl group Hydrocarbon carotenoids. CHEBI:23042 carotene One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C<small>₄₀</small>), formally derived from the acyclic parent, ψ,ψ-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of ψ,ψ-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded. CHEBI:23044 carotenoid CHEBI:23045 carotenol A EC 2.4.1.* (hexosyltransferase) inhibitor that inhibits the action of 1,3-β-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34). CHEBI:230471 EC 2.4.1.34 (1,3-beta-glucan synthase) inhibitor PLX5622 is a highly selective brain penetrant and orally active CSF1R inhibitor. PLX5622 allows for extended and specific microglial cells elimination, preceding and during pathology development. PLX5622 demonstrates desirable PK properties in varies animals. PLX5622 is mostly used in the way of feed free diet. CHEBI:230497 PLX5622 Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23053 catechin A class of β-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. CHEBI:23066 cephalosporin Any member of a group of glycosphingolipids, also known as monoglycosylceramides, which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes. CHEBI:23079 cerebroside CHEBI:23089 chelate-forming peptide A substance intended to sterilize any organism. CHEBI:23092 chemosterilant CHEBI:23100 chitin synthesis inhibitor CHEBI:23104 chitooligosaccharide CHEBI:23114 chloride salt A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing at least one hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom. CHEBI:23115 chlorohydrocarbon CHEBI:23116 chlorine atom A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. CHEBI:23117 chlorine molecular entity CHEBI:231209 Pyrazolopyrimidinone A haloacetate(1−) resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of chloroacetic acid. CHEBI:23123 chloroacetate Any haloalkane that consists of an alkane substituted by at least one chloro group. CHEBI:23128 chloroalkane Any substituted aniline carrying at least one chloro group. CHEBI:23130 chloroaniline Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines. CHEBI:23132 chlorobenzenes Any member of the class of benzoates in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group. CHEBI:23133 chlorobenzoate Any member of the class of benzoic acids in which the benzene ring is substituted by at least one chloro group. CHEBI:23134 chlorobenzoic acid Ceralasertib is an orally available morpholino-pyrimidine-based inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and rad3 related (ATR) kinase, with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, Ceralasertib selectively inhibits ATR activity by blocking the downstream phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase CHK1. This prevents ATR-mediated signaling, and results in the inhibition of DNA damage checkpoint activation, disruption of DNA damage repair, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. CHEBI:231342 ceralasertib A member of the class of benzophenones that is any substituted benzophenone in which at least one of the substituents is a chlorine. CHEBI:23135 chlorobenzophenone An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group. CHEBI:23141 chloroethanol A chloroalkene that is ethene in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine. CHEBI:23142 chloroethenes The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of tolvaptan. CHEBI:231424 (S)-tolvaptan A member of the class of benzazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1<em>H</em>-1-benzazepine substituted by 2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzamido)benzoyl, hydroxy, and chloro groups at positions 1, 5, and 7, respectively. CHEBI:231425 N-{4-[(7-chloro-5-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]-3-methylphenyl}-2-methylbenzamide The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of tolvaptan. CHEBI:231426 (R)-tolvaptan A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by chlorine. CHEBI:23148 chloromethanes A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. CHEBI:23150 chlorophenol A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any chlorophenoxyacetic acid. CHEBI:23151 chlorophenoxyacetate anion A monocarboxylic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which at least one of the phenyl hydrogens is replaced by chlorine. CHEBI:23152 chlorophenoxyacetic acid Any chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylethane substituted by at least one chloro group at unspecified position. CHEBI:23154 chlorophenylethane A nucleoside phosphate that is derived from a nucleotide. CHEBI:231540 nucleotide derivative Any fatty aldehyde containing at least one C=C or C≡C bond. CHEBI:231547 unsaturated fatty aldehyde A chlorohydrocarbon that is consists of ethylene in which one or more hydrogens are replaced by chlorophenyl groups. CHEBI:23155 chlorophenylethylene A tertiary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the two amino groups of azithromycin; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:231550 azithromycin(2+) An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of levofloxacin resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:231553 levofloxacin(1-) A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a metabolite of flonicamid. CHEBI:231554 flumetnicam A chlorohydrocarbon that is phenylmethane substituted by a chloro group at unspecified position. CHEBI:23156 chlorophenylmethane A 3-oxo-Δ<small>^4</small> steroid that is gon-4-en-3-one that carries ethyl, hydroxy, and ethynyl groups at positions 13, 17 and 17, respectively. CHEBI:231594 17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-18a-homoestr-4-en-3-one Tazemetostat is a methyltransferase inhibitor used to treat metastatic or locally advanced epithelioid sarcoma not eligible for complete resection. CHEBI:231598 tazemetostat Trastuzumab is a HER2/neu Receptor Antagonist. CHEBI:231601 trastuzumab CHEBI:231609 (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetate Nivolumab is a human monoclonal antibody for Programmed Death Receptor-1 (PD-1). It is a targeted immunotherapy treatment against metastatic cancer. CHEBI:231614 Nivolumab 4-hydroxytamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It is currently in the development process to work as a potential breast hyperplasia treatment. CHEBI:231618 4-hydroxytamoxifen Any chloroalkene that is propene substituted by at least one chloro group at unspecified position. CHEBI:23162 chloropropene A member of the class of <em>s</em>-indacenes that is 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-<em>s</em>-indacene substituted by a ({[4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)furan-2-yl]sulfonyl}carbamoyl)amino group at position 4. It is a potent and selective NLRP3 inhibitor. CHEBI:231684 MCC950 Any gold ion that is positively charged. CHEBI:231853 gold cation Any caesium ion that is positively charged. CHEBI:231854 caesium cation Any gallium ion that is positively charged. CHEBI:231855 gallium cation Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the kidneys. CHEBI:231911 renoprotective agent Any inhibitor of NLRP3. CHEBI:231916 NLRP3 inhibitor CHEBI:23213 choline ester CHEBI:232159 silmitasertib A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:23217 cholines A bile acid conjugate resulting from the formal condensation of a bile acid with the amino group of taurine. CHEBI:23219 bile acid taurine conjugate Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:23229 chromanol CHEBI:23230 chromanes CHEBI:23232 chromenes CHEBI:23237 chromium molecular entity CHEBI:232380 Mdivi-1 CHEBI:23239 chromopeptide The part (atom or group of atoms) of a molecular entity in which the electronic transition responsible for a given spectral band is approximately localized. CHEBI:23240 chromophore CHEBI:232424 MitoTEMPO A chelator that is any compound containing a ligand (typically organic) which is able to form a bond to a central calcium atom at two or more points. CHEBI:232436 calcium chelator An enal based on a cinnamaldehyde skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23245 cinnamaldehydes Any α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23252 cinnamic acids CHEBI:232521 CB-5083 CHEBI:232543 epirubicin hydrochloride (+)-Etomoxir sodium salt is a chiral compound that functions as a reversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1). CHEBI:232547 etomoxir CHEBI:233088 spermidine trihydrochloride CHEBI:233143 MnTBAP CHEBI:23324 citrullines Mitoquinone is based on a novel technology, targeted lipophilic cations, that transport and concentrate antioxidants into the mitochondria -- organelles inside cells that provide energy for life processes -- where they accumulate up to a thousand fold. CHEBI:233321 Mitoquinone CHEBI:233323 DTAGv-1 CHEBI:23334 cobalamins AZD4573 is a potent and highly selective CDK9 inhibitor (IC50 of less than 4 nM) that enables transient target engagement for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. CHEBI:233359 AZD4573 CHEBI:23336 cobalt cation GSK864 is an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutant inhibitor; inhibits IDH1 mutants R132C, R132H, and R132G with IC50 values of 8.8, 15.2 and 16.6 nM. CHEBI:233361 GSK864 CHEBI:23341 cobamides Any agent which acts to reduce fibrosis. CHEBI:233423 antifibrotic agent CHEBI:233443 N-acetyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion A group of metal atoms that are located in the periodic table between transition metals and metalloids. CHEBI:233500 post-transition metal atom A low-molecular-weight, non-protein organic compound participating in enzymatic reactions as dissociable acceptor or donor of chemical groups or electrons. CHEBI:23354 coenzyme CHEBI:233559 N-carbamoylglutamate(2-) An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group). CHEBI:23357 cofactor An alkaloid that is a carbotricyclic compound comprising 5,6,7,9-tetrahydrobenzo[<em>a</em>]heptalene having four methoxy substituents at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 10-positions as well as an oxo group at the 9-position and an acetamido group at the 7-position. It has been isolated from the plants belonging to genus <em>Colchicum</em>. CHEBI:23359 colchicine CHEBI:233645 4-Octyl itaconate CHEBI:23366 compatible osmolytes Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. CHEBI:23367 molecular entity CHEBI:23377 copper molecular entity CHEBI:23378 copper cation Azobenzene substituted at one of the 4-positions by an amino group. It has a role as a dye and an allergen. CHEBI:233869 4-(phenylazo)aniline CHEBI:23390 cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. CHEBI:23401 coumaric acid CHEBI:23403 coumarins CHEBI:234135 deoxyartemisinin A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. CHEBI:23414 copper(II) sulfate CHEBI:23423 pseudohalogen oxoacid Salts and <em>C</em>-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC≡N. CHEBI:23424 cyanides An α-hydroxynitrile resulting from the formal addition of hydrogen cyanide to the C=O bond of an aldehyde or ketone. CHEBI:23437 cyanohydrin Any pyridine carrying at least one cyano substituent. CHEBI:23438 cyanopyridine CHEBI:234429 mitoquinone mesylate CHEBI:23443 cyclic amide A cyclic terpene ketone in which the terpene specified is monoterpene. CHEBI:23446 cyclic monoterpene ketone CHEBI:23447 cyclic nucleotide CHEBI:23448 cyclic oligosaccharide CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide A polyol consisting of a cycloalkane containing at least three hydroxy groups, each attached to a different ring carbon atom. CHEBI:23451 cyclitol Saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons (with or without side chains). CHEBI:23453 cycloalkane A benzochromenone that is 6<em>H</em>-benzo[<i>c</i>]chromen-6-one with at least one hydrogen atom of the benzene rings substituted by an hydroxyl group. CHEBI:234554 urolithin A macrocycle composed of five or more <small>D</small>-glucopyranose units bonded via (1→4)-linkages. CHEBI:23456 cyclodextrin A sub-category of organochlorine insecticides, the members of which are all derived from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. They possess a structure based on two 3-dimensional carbon ring units, one of which is heavily chlorinated. CHEBI:23457 cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. CHEBI:23480 cyclohexanols Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:23482 cyclohexanones CHEBI:23483 cyclohexenecarboxylic acid A cycloalkane that consists of five carbons each bonded with two hydrogens above and below the plane. The parent of the class of cyclopentanes. CHEBI:23492 cyclopentane Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:23493 cyclopentanes An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclopentane skeleton. CHEBI:23495 cyclopentanols CHEBI:23500 cyclopropanecarboxylic acid An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. CHEBI:23509 cysteine derivative CHEBI:23521 cytidine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:23523 cytidine phosphate CHEBI:23524 cytidines An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. CHEBI:23527 cytochalasin B CHEBI:23528 cytochalasin CHEBI:23529 cytochrome-b6f complex inhibitor A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. CHEBI:23530 cytokinin trisodium;hydrogen peroxide;trioxido(oxo)vanadium CHEBI:235319 Pervanadate CHEBI:235343 ellagic acid(2-) A herbicide which when sprayed or dusted on plants causes its leaves to fall off. CHEBI:23582 defoliant CHEBI:23614 deoxycholate CHEBI:23622 deoxygalactose A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. CHEBI:23623 deoxyglucose Any C<small>₆</small> deoxy sugar having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. CHEBI:23628 deoxyhexose CHEBI:23636 deoxyribonucleoside Any sugar having a hydroxy group replaced with a hydrogen atom. CHEBI:23639 deoxy sugar A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually α-amino and α-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating. CHEBI:23643 depsipeptide Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. CHEBI:23666 diamine An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. CHEBI:23677 diazole CHEBI:23690 dicarboxylic acid amide CHEBI:23696 dichloroaniline Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:23697 dichlorobenzene Any chlorophenol carrying chloro substituents. CHEBI:23702 dichlorophenol CHEBI:23704 diepoxybutane Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole. CHEBI:23763 pyrroline CHEBI:23765 quinolone A hydroxy-5β-cholanic acid carrying two hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:23775 dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives. CHEBI:23778 dihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:237958 ({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphonato}oxy)(phosphonatooxy)phosphinate Any methoxyflavone with two methoxy substituents. CHEBI:23798 dimethoxyflavone A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups. CHEBI:23806 dimethylaniline Any nitrotoluene carrying two nitro substituents. CHEBI:23822 dinitrotoluene A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols. CHEBI:23824 diol Oxanthrene (formerly dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>e</em>][1,4]dioxine) and its derivatives. CHEBI:23825 dibenzodioxine CHEBI:23843 disaccharide phosphate Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:23849 diterpenoid CHEBI:23853 dithiol CHEBI:23870 dodecyl group CHEBI:23872 dodecyl sulfate Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. CHEBI:23888 drug CHEBI:23891 ecdysone antagonists A class of steroids that include insect moulting and sex hormones. CHEBI:23897 ecdysteroid Any member of the group of signalling molecules arising from oxidation of the three C<small>₂₀</small> essential fatty acids (EFAs) icosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). CHEBI:23899 icosanoid CHEBI:23905 monoatomic anion CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor A monocarboxylic acid amide that is <em>N</em>-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively. CHEBI:2394 acetochlor CHEBI:23953 erythromycins CHEBI:23955 erythronolide A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. CHEBI:23965 estradiol CHEBI:23966 estrane Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups. CHEBI:23976 ethanediol CHEBI:23981 ethanolamines Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. CHEBI:23982 ethanols Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid with ethanol. CHEBI:23990 ethyl ester A member of the class of <em>N</em>-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups. CHEBI:23995 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group. CHEBI:23996 ethyl sulfide CHEBI:24002 ethylene releasers Any vitamin that dissolves in fats and are stored in body tissues. Unlike the water-soluble vitamins, they are stored in the body for long periods of time and generally pose a greater risk for toxicity when consumed in excess. CHEBI:24020 fat-soluble vitamin (role) An aliphatic alcohol consisting of a chain of 3 to greater than 27 carbon atoms. Fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and may be branched or unbranched. CHEBI:24026 fatty alcohol CHEBI:24028 iron(3+) chelator CHEBI:24031 ferulic acids A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:24043 flavones An <em>ortho</em>-fused polycyclic arene in which the skeleton is composed of two benzene rings <em>ortho</em>-fused to cyclopentane. CHEBI:24059 fluorenes CHEBI:24060 fluoride salt CHEBI:24061 fluorine atom CHEBI:24062 fluorine molecular entity A haloalkane that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom. CHEBI:24067 fluoroalkane An organofluorine compound that consists of an amino acid substituted by a fluoro group. CHEBI:24068 fluoroamino acid Amides with the general formula R<small>^1</small>R<small>^2</small>NCHO (R<small>^1</small> and R<small>^2</small> can be H). CHEBI:24079 formamides A substance used to destroy fungal pests. CHEBI:24127 fungicide Any furochromene that consists of a furan ring fused with a coumarin. The fusion may occur in different ways in give several isomers. CHEBI:24128 furanocoumarin Compounds containing at least one furan ring. CHEBI:24129 furans A heteroglycan that consists of a backbone of randomly distributed (1→4)-linked mannose and glucose units with (1→6)-linked galactose units attached to mannose units. CHEBI:24144 galactoglucomannan CHEBI:24156 galactosamine CHEBI:24221 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol CHEBI:24250 gibberellin Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. CHEBI:24261 glucocorticoid An oligosaccharide comprised of glucose residues. CHEBI:24268 glucooligosaccharide Any hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group. CHEBI:24271 glucosamines CHEBI:24278 glucoside Water-soluble anionic substituted thioglucosides. Glucosinolates have a central C atom which is bonded via an S atom to a glycone group and via an N atom to a sulfonated oxime group, and which also carries a side-group. The side-chain and sulfate group have an <i>anti</i> stereochemical configuration across the C=N double bond. CHEBI:24279 glucosinolate CHEBI:24289 glucosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine Any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. CHEBI:24302 glucosiduronic acid An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues. CHEBI:24315 glutamic acid derivative An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid which is <small>L</small>-glutamic acid or any of the essential amino acids biosynthesised from it (glutamine, proline and arginine). A closed class. CHEBI:24318 glutamine family amino acid An EC 6.3.* (<em>C</em>‒<em>N</em> bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate—ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2). CHEBI:24319 EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of glutaric acid. CHEBI:24329 glutarate Any organonitrogen compound derived from the Glu-Cys-Gly tripeptide glutathione. CHEBI:24337 glutathione derivative Any ether having glyceryl as at least one of the <em>O</em>-substituents. CHEBI:24353 glycerol ether A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glycine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. CHEBI:24373 glycine derivative CHEBI:24384 glycogens Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide. CHEBI:24396 glycopeptide A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO‒, RS‒, RSe‒, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms <em>N</em>-glycosides and <em>C</em>-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and <em>C</em>-glycosyl compounds, respectively. CHEBI:24400 glycoside An sulfur oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the hydroxy group attached to the sulfur of a glycosinolic acid. CHEBI:24401 glycosinolate A glycosphingolipid is a glycolipid that is a carbohydrate-containing derivative of a sphingoid or ceramide. It is understood that the carbohydrate residue is attached by a glycosidic linkage to O-1 of the sphingoid. CHEBI:24402 glycosphingolipid CHEBI:24405 glycosylglucose Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres. CHEBI:24407 glycosyl glycoside A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. CHEBI:24431 chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. CHEBI:24432 biological role A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. CHEBI:24433 group Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R<small>^1</small>R<small>^2</small>N)(R<small>^3</small>R<small>^4</small>N)C=N-R<small>^5</small> and are related structurally to amidines and ureas. CHEBI:24436 guanidines CHEBI:24439 guanidinoacetic acids CHEBI:24455 guanosine phosphate Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of guanosine. CHEBI:24458 guanosines A halohydrocarbon that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by with a halogen atom. CHEBI:24469 haloalkane Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group. CHEBI:24470 haloamino acid CHEBI:24471 halogen molecular entity A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom. CHEBI:24472 halohydrocarbon CHEBI:24473 halogen CHEBI:24505 heparins A substance used to destroy plant pests. CHEBI:24527 herbicide CHEBI:24531 heterocyclic antibiotic A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound A heterodetic cyclic peptide is a peptide consisting only of amino-acid residues, but in which the linkages forming the ring are not solely peptide bonds; one or more is an isopeptide, disulfide, ester, or other bond. CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide CHEBI:24536 hexachlorocyclohexane A C<small>₁₆</small> straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid having one C=C double bond. CHEBI:24548 hexadecenoic acid An <em>N</em>-nitro compound that is 1,3,5-triazinane in which all three of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogens have been replaced by nitro groups. It is widely used in both industrial and military explosives. CHEBI:24556 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Members of the class of hydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by 6 hydroxy groups. CHEBI:24561 hexahydroxyflavone CHEBI:24565 hexamethylphosphoric triamide A C<small>₆</small>, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain. CHEBI:24580 hexenoic acid CHEBI:24583 hexitol Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group. CHEBI:24586 hexosamine CHEBI:24610 homocysteines A homodetic cyclic peptide is a cyclic peptide in which the ring consists solely of amino-acid residues in peptide linkages. CHEBI:24613 homodetic cyclic peptide Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. CHEBI:24621 hormone An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4. CHEBI:24628 imidazolidine-2,4-dione Hydrazine (diazane) and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:24631 hydrazines A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. CHEBI:24632 hydrocarbon Mono-hydroperoxy (e)icosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs) are the primary products of lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic acid. CHEBI:24644 HPETE Benzenediols that have the hydroxy substituents in the 1- and 4-positions. CHEBI:24646 hydroquinones An oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from the hydroxy group of any hydroxamic acid. CHEBI:24648 hydroxamic acid anion A compound, R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>NHOH, derived from an oxoacid R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH) (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) by replacing ‒OH with ‒NHOH, and derivatives thereof. Specific examples of hydroxamic acids are preferably named as <em>N</em>-hydroxy amides. CHEBI:24650 hydroxamic acid Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH<small>^−</small>). CHEBI:24651 hydroxides Any fatty acid carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:24654 hydroxy fatty acid A non-proteinogenic α-amino acid bearing one or more hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:24662 hydroxy-amino acid Any member of the class of 5β-cholanic acids carrying at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position. CHEBI:24663 hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:24669 hydroxy carboxylic acid Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:24675 hydroxybenzoate Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring. CHEBI:24676 hydroxybenzoic acid Any benzophenone into which is substituted one or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:24677 hydroxybenzophenone Any member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is a benzyl alcohol substituted by at least one hydroxy group on the benzene ring. CHEBI:24679 hydroxybenzyl alcohol An α-hydroxy ketone in which the carbonyl group and the hydroxy group are linked by a carbon bearing one hydrogen and one organyl group. Secondary α-hydroxy ketones are also known as acyloins, and are formally derived from reductive coupling of two carboxylic acid groups. CHEBI:2468 secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone Any member of the class of biphenyls that has one or more hydroxy groups attached to the benzenoid ring system. CHEBI:24681 hydroxybiphenyls CHEBI:24688 monohydroxycinnamic acid Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:24689 hydroxycinnamic acid A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:24697 hydroxyflavanone Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:24698 hydroxyflavone Hydroxylamine, H<small>₂</small>N‒OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. CHEBI:24709 hydroxylamines CHEBI:24712 hydroxymethyl group Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:24727 hydroxynaphthalene Any nitrile compound which also contains a hydroxy group. CHEBI:24730 hydroxynitrile CHEBI:24734 hydroxyphenylalanine Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:24745 hydroxypyridine Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:24751 hydroxytoluene A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. CHEBI:24757 hypochlorous acid A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. CHEBI:24780 imidazoles CHEBI:24782 imide Compounds having the structure RN=CR<small>₂</small> (R = H, hydrocarbyl). Thus analogues of aldehydes or ketones, having NR doubly bonded to carbon; aldimines have the structure RCH=NR, ketimines have the structure R'<small>₂</small>C=NR (where R' is not H). Imines include azomethines and Schiff bases. Imine is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the C=NH group excluding the carbon atom. CHEBI:24783 imine CHEBI:24789 indanones An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid specified is acetic acid. CHEBI:24803 indole-3-acetic acids An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3. CHEBI:24809 indole-3-carboxylic acid Any indolyl carboxylic acid carrying an indol-3-yl or substituted indol-3-yl group. CHEBI:24810 indol-3-yl carboxylic acid An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity. CHEBI:24814 indole-3-methanol Any compound containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:24828 indoles CHEBI:24829 indolones A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). CHEBI:24833 oxoacid CHEBI:24834 inorganic anion A molecular entity that contains no carbon. CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxide Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are inorganic groups. CHEBI:24837 inorganic peroxide Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom. CHEBI:24838 inorganic phosphate CHEBI:24839 inorganic salt CHEBI:24840 inorganic sulfate salt CHEBI:24843 inosine phosphate Any purine ribonucleoside that is a derivative of inosine. CHEBI:24844 inosines Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. CHEBI:24848 inositol A chemical that attracts insects. CHEBI:24850 insect attractant A growth regulator that inhibits the life cycle of an insect. CHEBI:24851 insect growth regulator Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class <em>Insecta</em>. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects. CHEBI:24852 insecticide A role played by a chemical agent which exhibits the capability of occupying space between DNA base pairs due to particular properties in size, shape and charge. Intercalation of chemical compounds in DNA helix can result in replication errors (shift, mutation) or DNA damages. CHEBI:24853 intercalator CHEBI:24858 iodide salt Chemical element with atomic number 53. CHEBI:24859 iodine atom CHEBI:24860 iodine molecular entity An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent. CHEBI:24862 iodoamino acid CHEBI:24863 iodophenol An iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is thyronine. CHEBI:24864 iodothyronine A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. CHEBI:24866 salt CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion CHEBI:24868 organic salt A compound which can carry specific ions through membranes of cells or organelles. CHEBI:24869 ionophore A molecular entity having a net electric charge. CHEBI:24870 ion CHEBI:24873 iron molecular entity Any ionophore capable of transportation of iron ions across membranes. CHEBI:24874 iron ionophore CHEBI:24875 iron cation CHEBI:24897 isoindoles A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)- or (2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:24898 isoleucine Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. CHEBI:24913 isoprenoid Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. CHEBI:24921 isoquinoline alkaloid A class of organic heteropolycyclic compound consisting of isoquinoline and its substitution derivatives. CHEBI:24922 isoquinolines CHEBI:24928 isothiocyanic acid The jasmonates (JAs) are a group of plant hormones which help regulate plant growth and development. CHEBI:24937 jasmonates CHEBI:24941 juvenile hormone antagonists CHEBI:24942 juvenile hormone mimic CHEBI:24951 kanamycins Any compound that has an aldehydic and ketonic group in the same molecule. CHEBI:24960 ketoaldehyde CHEBI:24961 ketoaldonate Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group. CHEBI:24963 ketoaldonic acid Any hexose containing a single ketone group. CHEBI:24973 ketohexose Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]<small>_n</small>C(=O)[CH(OH)]<em><small>_m</small></em>H) and their intramolecular hemiketals. CHEBI:24978 ketose Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. CHEBI:24995 lactam A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of lactic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:24996 lactate Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. CHEBI:25000 lactone CHEBI:25016 lead atom A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the α-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. CHEBI:25017 leucine CHEBI:25022 leucomycin Any phenylpropanoid derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e". CHEBI:25036 lignan An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[<em>c</em>]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-<em>h</em>]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. CHEBI:2504 aflatoxin B1 CHEBI:25046 linear tetrapyrrole A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9<i>Z</i>,12<i>Z</i>,15<i>Z</i>)- and (6<i>Z</i>,9<i>Z</i>,12<i>Z</i>)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins. CHEBI:25048 linolenic acid CHEBI:25061 lipopeptide antibiotic A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. CHEBI:25094 lysine A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. CHEBI:25105 macrolide antibiotic A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide. CHEBI:25106 macrolide CHEBI:25107 magnesium atom CHEBI:25108 magnesium molecular entity A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of malic acid. CHEBI:25115 malate A dextrin in which the <small>D</small>-glucose units are linked by α-(1→4) glycosidic bonds. CHEBI:25140 maltodextrin CHEBI:25154 manganese molecular entity CHEBI:25155 manganese cation Any prenylnaphthoquinone having a prenyl or polyprenyl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2 on the naphthoquinone ring. CHEBI:25185 menaquinones A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group. CHEBI:25189 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol CHEBI:25195 mercury atom CHEBI:25196 mercury molecular entity CHEBI:25197 mercury cation Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:25212 metabolite CHEBI:25213 metal cation A monocarboxylic acid anion that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of methacrylic acid. CHEBI:25218 methacrylate An α,β-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group. CHEBI:25219 methacrylic acid A diol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups respectively. CHEBI:25222 methanediols An organosulfonic ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol. CHEBI:25223 methanesulfonate ester A 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate that is the conjugate base of methanesulfonic acid. CHEBI:25224 methanesulfonate Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group. CHEBI:25235 monomethoxybenzene CHEBI:25236 methoxybenzoate Any benzoic acid carrying one or more methoxy substituents. CHEBI:25238 methoxybenzoic acid A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more methoxy substituents. CHEBI:25240 methoxyflavanone Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent. CHEBI:25241 methoxyflavone Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol. CHEBI:25248 methyl ester A haloalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a halide atom. CHEBI:25253 methyl halides A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with methanol. CHEBI:25255 methyl methanesulfonate Any member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing a single methyl substituent. CHEBI:25272 methyladenine CHEBI:25274 methylamines A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:25275 methylaniline CHEBI:25280 methylbenzoic acid An alkylmercury compound in which the alkyl group specified is methyl. CHEBI:25322 methylmercury compound An aromatic amide that is <em>N</em>-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom. CHEBI:2533 alachlor Any member of the class of pyridines that carries at least one methyl substituent. CHEBI:25340 methylpyridines A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the <em>N</em>-methylated 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more <small>L</small>-glutamic acid or <small>L</small>-glutamate units. CHEBI:25345 methyltetrahydrofolate CHEBI:25348 methylxanthine A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-mevalonate. CHEBI:25350 mevalonate A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-mevalonic acid. CHEBI:25351 mevalonic acid Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate water and electrolyte metabolism. CHEBI:25354 mineralocorticoid CHEBI:25355 mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from <em>Streptomyces caespitosus</em> or <em>Streptomyces lavendulae</em>. CHEBI:25357 mitomycin A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. CHEBI:25362 elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:25367 molecule CHEBI:25370 molybdenum molecular entity A group of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (‒CH<small>₂</small>‒CH<small>₂</small>‒). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. CHEBI:25375 monoamine molecular messenger CHEBI:25381 monoalkyl phosphate An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid A hydroxybenzoate carrying a single hydroxy substituent at unspecified position. CHEBI:25388 monohydroxybenzoate Any hydroxybenzoic acid having a single phenolic hydroxy substituent on the benzene ring. CHEBI:25389 monohydroxybenzoic acid Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:25392 naphthols A hydroxytoluene that consists of toluene carrying a single hydroxy substituent at any position. A 'closed class'. CHEBI:25399 cresol Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent. CHEBI:25401 monomethoxyflavone A terpene ketone derived from a monoterpene. CHEBI:25408 monoterpene ketone Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C<small>₁₀</small> skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:25409 monoterpenoid Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment. CHEBI:25413 monounsaturated fatty acid CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:25418 morphinane alkaloid CHEBI:25430 monoatomic polycation An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention. CHEBI:25434 bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide An agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution. CHEBI:25435 mutagen Poisonous substance produced by fungi. CHEBI:25442 mycotoxin A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene CHEBI:254496 7,12-dimethyltetraphene 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene ChEBI Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two <em>ortho</em>-fused benzene rings. CHEBI:25477 naphthalenes A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. CHEBI:25481 naphthoquinone A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a <em>tert</em>-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a β-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CHEBI:2549 albuterol A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum <em>Nematoda</em> (roundworms). CHEBI:25491 nematicide A glycoside containing α-<small>L</small>-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl residue as the sugar unit. CHEBI:25495 neohesperidoside An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell. CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter Any glycosphingolipid containing unsubstituted glycosyl moieties. CHEBI:25513 neutral glycosphingolipid CHEBI:25516 nickel cation A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or <em>N</em>-substituted caraboxamide group. CHEBI:25529 pyridinecarboxamide A class of neuro-active insecticides that act at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. CHEBI:25540 neonicotinoid insectide Amines substituted at N with a nitro group (a contracted form of <em>N</em>-nitroamines); they are thus amides of nitric acid, and the class is composed of nitramide, O<small>₂</small>NNH<small>₂</small>, and its derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:25543 nitramine A tricarboxylic acid trianion resulting from the deprotonation of all three hydroxy groups of nitrilotriacetic acid. CHEBI:25548 nitrilotriacetate(3-) Salts and esters of nitrous acid, HONO. CHEBI:25549 nitrites The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of <i>E</i> and <i>Z</i> isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active. CHEBI:2555 aldicarb A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups. CHEBI:25550 nitroaniline CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom CHEBI:25558 organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups. CHEBI:25560 nitroglycerol Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group. CHEBI:25562 nitrophenol Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring. CHEBI:25566 nitrotoluene CHEBI:25567 nitrous acid CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom CHEBI:25605 nucleoside antibiotic A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates. CHEBI:25608 nucleoside phosphate A long-chain, unsaturated fatty acid anion formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any octadecadienoic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:25626 octadecadienoate Any straight-chain, C<small>₁₈</small> polyunsaturated fatty acid having two C=C double bonds. CHEBI:25627 octadecadienoic acid A fatty acid anion 18:0 that is the conjugate base of octadecanoic acid (stearic acid). Stearates have a variety of uses in the pharmaceutical industry. CHEBI:25629 octadecanoate Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons. CHEBI:25633 octadecatrienoic acid Any member of the group of C<small>₁₈</small> monounsaturated fatty acids with the double bond located at any position in the chain. CHEBI:25634 octadecenoic acid A primary alcohol that is octanol consisting of two double bonds at unspecified positions. CHEBI:25639 octadienol An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant. CHEBI:2564 aldrin A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. CHEBI:25646 octanoate A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. CHEBI:2567 alendronic acid Any of the 26-membered ring macrolides produced by <em>Streptomyces</em> species that can be toxic to other organisms through their ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane-bound ATP synthases. CHEBI:25675 oligomycin A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids. CHEBI:25676 oligopeptide A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the ω−3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. CHEBI:25681 omega-3 fatty acid CHEBI:25693 organic heteromonocyclic compound Any organic ion with a net negative charge. CHEBI:25696 organic anion Any organic ion with a net positive charge. CHEBI:25697 organic cation An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen. CHEBI:25698 ether CHEBI:25699 organic ion An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. CHEBI:25701 organic oxide Compounds of structure ROOR' in which R and R' are organic groups. CHEBI:25702 organic peroxide CHEBI:25703 organic phosphate Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group CHEBI:25704 organic sulfate Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an insecticide. CHEBI:25705 organochlorine insecticide A compound containing at least one carbon-mercury bond. CHEBI:25706 organomercury compound A compound having bonds between one or more metal atoms and one or more carbon atoms of an organyl group. CHEBI:25707 organometallic compound CHEBI:25708 organophosphate insecticide An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. CHEBI:2571 aliphatic alcohol An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. CHEBI:25710 organophosphorus compound CHEBI:25711 organophosphorus insecticide An organoselenium compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-selenium bond. CHEBI:25712 organoselenium compound An organosilicon compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-silicon bond. CHEBI:25713 organosilicon compound CHEBI:25715 organothiophosphate insecticide An organothiophosphorus compound is an organophosphorus compound which contains a phosphorus-sulfur bond. CHEBI:25716 organothiophosphorus compound CHEBI:25717 organotin compound A solute used by a cell under water stress to maintain cell volume. CHEBI:25728 osmolyte An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. CHEBI:25741 oxide Compounds of structure R<small>₂</small>C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes. CHEBI:25750 oxime Any compound that has an aldehydic or ketonic group as well as a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule. CHEBI:25754 oxo carboxylic acid The conjugate base of any oxopentanoic acid. CHEBI:25798 oxopentanoates A C<small>₅</small> fatty acid carrying an oxo group at any position. CHEBI:25799 oxopentanoic acid Any fatty acid anion containing at least one C-C unsaturated bond; formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. CHEBI:2580 unsaturated fatty acid anion A pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid consisting of proline bearing a single oxo substituent. CHEBI:25801 oxoproline CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity CHEBI:25807 organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic CHEBI:25810 oxopurine An elemental molecule with formula O<small>₃</small>. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. −112°C) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. CHEBI:25812 ozone A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located <em>para</em> to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring. CHEBI:25830 p-quinones A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol. CHEBI:25835 hexadecanoate ester CHEBI:25845 pantetheines A class of amides formed from pantoic acid and β-alanine and its derivatives. CHEBI:25848 pantothenic acids CHEBI:25865 penicillanic acids CHEBI:25872 pentacyclic triterpenoid A hydroxyflavone substituted by five hydroxy groups. CHEBI:25883 pentahydroxyflavone Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. CHEBI:25892 pentanone CHEBI:25900 aldopentose phosphate A five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose). CHEBI:25901 pentose A chemically diverse class of peptides that exhibit antimicrobial properties. CHEBI:25903 peptide antibiotic Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine. CHEBI:25905 peptide hormone Compounds of structure ROOR'. CHEBI:25940 peroxides The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from peroxynitrous acid. CHEBI:25941 peroxynitrite CHEBI:25942 peroxynitrous acid A substance that increases the efficacy of a pesticide. CHEBI:25943 pesticide synergist Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. CHEBI:25944 pesticide Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:25961 phenanthrenes Any monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid or its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:25978 phenylacetic acids An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of alanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of phenylalanine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing phenylalanine residues. CHEBI:25985 phenylalanine derivative An ethanolamine compound having a phenyl (substituted or unsubstituted) group on the carbon bearing the hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:25990 phenylethanolamines Any member of the class of hydrazines carrying a phenyl substituent. CHEBI:25996 phenylhydrazines Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin. CHEBI:26004 phenylpropanoid A semiochemical used in olfactory communication between organisms of the same species eliciting a change in sexual or social behaviour. CHEBI:26013 pheromone Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. CHEBI:26020 phosphate CHEBI:26043 phosphinic ester CHEBI:26045 phosphite ion CHEBI:26066 phosphonate HP(=O)(OH)<small>₂</small> (phosphonic acid) and its P-substituted derivatives. CHEBI:26069 phosphonic acids A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. CHEBI:26078 phosphoric acid CHEBI:26079 phosphoric acid derivative CHEBI:26082 phosphorus molecular entity CHEBI:26087 photosynthetic electron-transport chain inhibitor CHEBI:26088 photosystem-I inhibitor CHEBI:26089 photosystem-II inhibitor CHEBI:26092 phthalate A member of the class of benzoic acids in that consists of benzene substituted by two carboxy groups (A closed class). CHEBI:26094 benzenedicarboxylic acid CHEBI:26106 phylloquinones A toxin made by a plant that acts against an organism attacking it. CHEBI:26115 phytoalexin CHEBI:26124 phytosteroid Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. CHEBI:26125 phytosterols CHEBI:26127 phytylnaphthoquinone An endogenous molecular entity that results in a colour of an organism as the consequence of the selective absorption of light. CHEBI:26130 biological pigment CHEBI:26144 piperazines CHEBI:26151 piperidines A chemical, natural or artificial, that can affect the rate of growth of a plant. CHEBI:26155 plant growth regulator Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. CHEBI:26167 polar amino acid A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of <em>Streptomyces</em>. CHEBI:26177 polyene antibiotic A macromolecule composed of units connected by carboxylic ester (-O-CO-) linkages. CHEBI:26178 polyester macromolecule CHEBI:26179 polyether antibiotic Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('β-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. CHEBI:26188 polyketide A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:26191 polyol Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:26195 polyphenol CHEBI:26196 polyphenylpropanoid Any member of the class of prenols possessing the general formula H-[CH2C(Me)=CHCH2]nOH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of more than one isoprene units. CHEBI:26199 polyprenol Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome. CHEBI:26208 polyunsaturated fatty acid Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the α-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. CHEBI:26214 porphyrins CHEBI:26216 potassium atom CHEBI:26217 potassium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation. CHEBI:26218 potassium salt CHEBI:26220 precocenes Any alcohol possessing the general formula H-[CH<small>₂</small>C(Me)=CHCH<small>₂</small>]<small>_<em>n</em></small>OH in which the carbon skeleton is composed of one or more isoprene units (biogenetic precursors of the isoprenoids). CHEBI:26244 prenols Any napthoquinone that is substituted at position 2 by a prenyl or polyprenyl group. The term also includes compounds that are functionalised on the prenyl or polyprenyl chain (e.g. by a hydroxy group). CHEBI:26254 prenylnaphthoquinone A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones. CHEBI:26255 prenylquinone A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans. CHEBI:26267 proanthocyanidin An α-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. CHEBI:26271 proline An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of proline by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing proline residues. CHEBI:26273 proline derivative A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a methylsulfanediyl group at position 6. CHEBI:26276 prometryn A primary alcohol based on a propan-1-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:26279 propan-1-ols An aldehyde based on a propanal skeleton and its derivatives. CHEBI:26282 propanals CHEBI:26284 propane-1,2-diols CHEBI:26288 propanediol A ketone that is propane carrying at least one oxo substituent. CHEBI:26292 propanones A member of the class of hydrazones that is used as an insecticide for control of ants and cockroaches. CHEBI:2630 hydramethylnon CHEBI:26300 propenol A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the carbon-carbon double bond has been reduced to a single bond. CHEBI:26307 propionitrile CHEBI:26313 propynol Naturally occurring compounds derived from the parent C<small>₂₀</small> acid, prostanoic acid. CHEBI:26333 prostaglandin CHEBI:26337 prostaglandins D CHEBI:26338 prostaglandins E Derivatives of oxoacids R<small>_<em>n</em></small>E(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine. CHEBI:2634 amidine CHEBI:26340 prostaglandins F CHEBI:26345 prostaglandins I The family of natural prostaglandins and prostaglandin-like compounds including prostacyclins and thromboxanes. CHEBI:26347 prostanoid A tightly bound, specific nonpolypeptide unit in a protein determining and involved in its biological activity. CHEBI:26348 prosthetic group A furanocoumarin with a 7<em>H</em>-furo[3,2-<em>g</em>]chromen-7-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:26369 psoralens CHEBI:26373 pteridines CHEBI:26375 pterins CHEBI:26384 pullulans CHEBI:26385 purine alkaloid A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from purine. CHEBI:26386 purine nucleobase A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. CHEBI:2639 amiloride CHEBI:26391 purine nucleoside diphosphate CHEBI:26392 purine nucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:26393 purine nucleoside triphosphate CHEBI:26394 purine nucleoside Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. CHEBI:26395 purine nucleotide CHEBI:26396 purine ribonucleoside diphosphate CHEBI:26397 purine ribonucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:26398 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate A ribonucleoside that has a purine moiety as the nucleobase (the R group in the illustration). CHEBI:26399 purine ribonucleoside Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. CHEBI:26400 purine ribonucleotide A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:26401 purines CHEBI:26407 pyrans CHEBI:26409 pyrazole insecticide CHEBI:26410 pyrazoles CHEBI:26413 pyrethroid insecticide CHEBI:26414 pyridazinone CHEBI:26416 pyridine alkaloid A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring. CHEBI:26420 pyridinemonocarboxylic acid Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:26421 pyridines A nucleobase whose skeleton is derived from pyrimidine. CHEBI:26432 pyrimidine nucleobase CHEBI:26438 pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:26440 pyrimidine nucleoside CHEBI:26441 pyrimidine nucleotide CHEBI:26443 pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:26446 pyrimidine ribonucleotide An azole that includes only one N atom and no other heteroatom as a part of the aromatic skeleton. CHEBI:26455 pyrroles CHEBI:26456 pyrrolidine alkaloid An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid which is biosynthesised from pyruvate (i.e. alanine, valine, and leucine). A closed class. CHEBI:26463 pyruvate family amino acid A nitrogen molecular entity that is electronically neutral but which contains a quaternary nitrogen. CHEBI:26469 quaternary nitrogen compound A cyclitol carboxylic acid anion that is conjugate base of quinic acid. CHEBI:26490 quinate A cyclitol carboxylic acid. CHEBI:26493 quinic acid CHEBI:26508 quinoline N-oxide CHEBI:26509 quinoline alkaloid Any aromatic carboxylic acid that contains a quinoline moiety that is substituted by one carboxy substituent. CHEBI:26512 quinolinemonocarboxylic acid A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring <em>ortho</em> fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring. CHEBI:26513 quinolines A molecular entity possessing an unpaired electron. CHEBI:26519 radical Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers. CHEBI:26523 reactive oxygen species CHEBI:26534 retinals A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). CHEBI:26536 retinoic acid Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. CHEBI:26537 retinoid A deoxymannose sugar that is the 6-deoxy derivative of hexose. CHEBI:26546 rhamnose CHEBI:26548 rhamnosylglucoside CHEBI:26556 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide CHEBI:26558 ribonucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:26561 ribonucleotide CHEBI:26562 ribose phosphate CHEBI:26580 rifamycins CHEBI:26587 rutinoside Any compound with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 3 and 5 of the core benzene ring structure. CHEBI:26588 1,3,5-triazines Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid. CHEBI:26596 salicylates A glycoside that is a compound containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpenoid or steroid derivative. Found in particular abundance in plant species. CHEBI:26605 saponin Any organic polycyclic compound that is the aglycon moiety of a saponin; sapogenins may be steroids or triterpenoids. CHEBI:26606 sapogenin Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. CHEBI:26607 saturated fatty acid CHEBI:26628 selenium molecular entity CHEBI:26629 selenoamino acid A monocarboxylic acid derived from any dicarboxylic acid that has a retained name by the formal reduction of one of the carboxy groups to a formyl group. The resulting structure, also known as a semialdehyde, may be named by replacing the ending '...ic acid' of the retained name of the dicarboxylic acid by the ending '...aldehydic acid'. Aldehydic acids therefore contain one carboxy group and one aldehyde group. CHEBI:26643 aldehydic acid A molecular messenger released by an organism that affects the behaviour within or between species. CHEBI:26645 semiochemical An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of serine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing serine residues. CHEBI:26649 serine derivative A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5. CHEBI:2665 amitraz An α-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class. CHEBI:26650 serine family amino acid Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:26658 sesquiterpenoid An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>a,d</em>][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. CHEBI:2666 amitriptyline An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C<small>₆</small>. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. CHEBI:26666 short-chain fatty acid Any of low-molecular-mass iron(III)-chelating compounds produced by microorganisms for the purpose of the transport and sequestration of iron. CHEBI:26672 siderophore CHEBI:26677 silicon molecular entity A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. CHEBI:2668 amlodipine A reactive oxygen species that is the lowest excited state of the dioxygen molecule. CHEBI:26689 singlet dioxygen CHEBI:26706 sn-glycerol 3-phosphates CHEBI:26707 glycerol phosphate CHEBI:26708 sodium atom An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion. CHEBI:26709 sodium hydrogensulfite An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. CHEBI:26710 sodium chloride CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. CHEBI:26714 sodium salt A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:26738 sphingenine Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. CHEBI:26739 sphingolipid A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position. CHEBI:26743 sphing-4-enine CHEBI:26745 spirostan A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. CHEBI:2676 amoxicillin Any steroid that acts as hormone. CHEBI:26764 steroid hormone CHEBI:26766 steroid lactone CHEBI:26775 stilbene Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone. CHEBI:26776 stilbenoid CHEBI:26788 streptomycins A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (<i>S</i>)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. CHEBI:2679 amphetamine CHEBI:26799 styrenes A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. CHEBI:26806 succinate CHEBI:26816 carbohydrate phosphate An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. CHEBI:26819 sulfuric ester A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. CHEBI:2682 amphotericin B Salts and esters of sulfuric acid CHEBI:26820 sulfates Any sulfur molecular entity that involves either covalently bonded or anionic sulfur. CHEBI:26822 sulfide Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid. CHEBI:26823 sulfites CHEBI:26830 sulfonium compound CHEBI:26833 sulfur atom CHEBI:26834 sulfur-containing amino acid CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. CHEBI:26836 sulfuric acid A synthetic compound exhibiting auxin activity. CHEBI:26841 synthetic auxin Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol. CHEBI:26848 tannin A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of <small>D</small>- and <small>L</small>-tartaric acid. CHEBI:26849 DL-tartaric acid Any terpenoid which contains a keto group. CHEBI:26872 terpene ketone Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. CHEBI:26873 terpenoid A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. CHEBI:26878 tertiary alcohol Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:26888 tetrachlorobenzene Any triterpenoid consisting of a tetracyclic skeleton. CHEBI:26893 tetracyclic triterpenoid A subclass of polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups. CHEBI:26895 tetracyclines A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more <small>L</small>-glutamic acid units. CHEBI:26907 tetrahydrofolic acid A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. CHEBI:26911 oxolane Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton. CHEBI:26912 oxolanes CHEBI:26921 tetrahydropyridine A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole CHEBI:26933 tetraric acid Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:26935 tetraterpenoid Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₁</small> deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B<small>₁</small> deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B<small>₁</small> deficiency can also lead to a disease known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine_deficiency" target="_blank">beriberi</a>. Vitamin B<small>₁</small> consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms). CHEBI:26948 vitamin B1 CHEBI:26952 thioacetic acid An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. CHEBI:26959 thiocarboxylic ester Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. CHEBI:26961 thiophenes An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. CHEBI:26979 organic heterotricyclic compound An α-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the α-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:26986 threonine An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of threonine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of threonine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing threonine residues. CHEBI:26987 threonine derivative CHEBI:27007 tin atom CHEBI:27008 tin molecular entity A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with <i>R</i>,<i>R</i>,<i>R</i> configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. CHEBI:27013 tocopherol CHEBI:27021 toluate Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group. CHEBI:27024 toluenes Poisonous substance produced by a biological organism such as a microbe, animal or plant. CHEBI:27026 toxin Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. CHEBI:27027 micronutrient A 1,2,4-triazole compound having a 3,5-bis(2-cyano-2-propyl)benzyl group at the 1-position. CHEBI:2704 anastrozole An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. CHEBI:27081 transition element atom A disaccharide formed by a (1↔1)-glycosidic bond between two units of <small>D</small>-glucose. CHEBI:27082 trehalose CHEBI:27084 trehalose phosphate CHEBI:27086 tributylstannane A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups. CHEBI:27090 triaziquone CHEBI:27092 tricarboxylic acid trianion An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups. CHEBI:27093 tricarboxylic acid Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions. CHEBI:27096 trichlorobenzene Any one of the six possible isomers of trichlorophenol. CHEBI:27102 trichlorophenol CHEBI:27114 trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid CHEBI:27115 trihydroxybenzoic acid Any hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:27116 trihydroxyflavone CHEBI:27131 trimethylarsine oxide CHEBI:27134 trimethylxanthine CHEBI:27135 trinitrotoluene A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. CHEBI:27136 triol A monosaccharide containing three carbon atoms, which is important in respiration. Only two trioses occur naturally: the aldotriose glyceraldehyde and the ketotriose dihydroxyacetone. CHEBI:27137 triose CHEBI:27150 trisaccharide CHEBI:27153 monoatomic trication Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. CHEBI:27162 tryptamines CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of <small>L</small>-tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of <small>L</small>-tyrosine by a heteroatom. CHEBI:27177 L-tyrosine derivative A univalent carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. CHEBI:27207 univalent carboacyl group Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C≡C bond. CHEBI:27208 unsaturated fatty acid CHEBI:27214 uranium atom CHEBI:27216 urate(2-) An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism. CHEBI:27226 uric acid CHEBI:27232 uridine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:27237 uridine phosphate CHEBI:27242 uridines A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the α-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. CHEBI:27266 valine An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of valine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of valine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing valine residues. CHEBI:27267 valine derivative CHEBI:27273 vanadic acid CHEBI:27275 vanadium molecular entity A fatty acid which has a chain length greater than C<small>₂₂</small>. Very long-chain fatty acids which have a chain length greater than C27 are also known as ultra-long-chain fatty acids. CHEBI:27283 very long-chain fatty acid A group of indole-indoline dimers which are alkaloids obtained from the <em>Vinca</em> genus of plants, together with semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues. CHEBI:27288 vinca alkaloid Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body. CHEBI:27300 vitamin D Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B<small>₆</small> deficiency. Vitamin B<small>₆</small> deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B<small>₆</small> consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). CHEBI:27306 vitamin B6 Any plant metabolite that is found naturally as a component of a volatile oil. CHEBI:27311 volatile oil component Any vitamin that dissolves in water and readily absorbed into tissues for immediate use. Unlike the fat-soluble vitamins, they are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly in the diet and will rarely accumulate to toxic levels since they are quickly excreted from the body via urine. CHEBI:27314 water-soluble vitamin (role) A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. CHEBI:27325 xanthophyll CHEBI:27338 xylene CHEBI:27358 yohimban alkaloid CHEBI:27363 zinc atom CHEBI:27364 zinc molecular entity CHEBI:27365 zinc ion A neutral compound having formal unit electrical charges of opposite sign on non-adjacent atoms. Sometimes referred to as inner salts, dipolar ions (a misnomer). CHEBI:27369 zwitterion CHEBI:27375 vincaleukoblastine An alkanesulfonic acid in which the alkyl group directly linked to the sulfo functionality is methyl. Methanesulfonic acid CHEBI:27376 methanesulfonic acid Methanesulfonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. Tetrachloromethane CHEBI:27385 tetrachloromethane Tetrachloromethane KEGG_COMPOUND An amino cyclitol that is <em>scyllo</em>-inositol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 are replaced by guanidino groups. CHEBI:27405 streptidine A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. CHEBI:27417 p-xylene A linolenic acid with <i>cis</i>-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. CHEBI:27432 alpha-linolenic acid A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by <em>Styrax</em> species. Styrene CHEBI:27452 styrene Styrene KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorophenylethylene that is chloroethene in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by 4-chlorophenyl groups. CHEBI:27454 1-chloro-2,2-bis(4'-chlorophenyl)ethylene A monocarboxylic acid anion that results from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of trichloroacetic acid. CHEBI:27455 trichloroacetate An <em>N</em>-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B<small>₉</small>. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. CHEBI:27470 folic acid The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of valine. D-Valine CHEBI:27477 D-valine D-Valine KEGG_COMPOUND A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6. CHEBI:27496 simazine An aminobenzenesulfonic acid that is aniline sulfonated at the <em>para</em>-position. 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid CHEBI:27500 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid 4-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:27504 mitomycin C Acetylene Ethyne CHEBI:27518 acetylene Acetylene KEGG_COMPOUND Ethyne KEGG_COMPOUND Any <small>L</small>-cysteine derivative obtained by conversion of the thiol group into a sulfide. CHEBI:27532 L-cysteine thioether Boron CHEBI:27560 boron atom Boron KEGG_COMPOUND A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. CHEBI:27561 oxirane Arsenic CHEBI:27563 arsenic atom Arsenic KEGG_COMPOUND Selenium CHEBI:27568 selenium atom Selenium KEGG_COMPOUND An α-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1<em>H</em>-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. Histidine CHEBI:27570 histidine Histidine KEGG_COMPOUND Silicon CHEBI:27573 silicon atom Silicon KEGG_COMPOUND A phosphoric ester (phosphate) that has an NR<small>₂</small> instead of an OH group. CHEBI:27577 phosphoramidate ester A pregnane-based steroidal hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. CHEBI:27584 aldosterone Carbon CHEBI:27594 carbon atom Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. CHEBI:27607 thymol CHEBI:27612 hydantoin A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by <em>Streptomyces cinnamonensis</em>. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. CHEBI:27617 monensin A A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by <em>Streptomyces</em> bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. CHEBI:2762 antimycin A A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:27632 acetophenone A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. Cobalt CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom Cobalt KEGG_COMPOUND A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium <em>Streptomyces griseus</em>. CHEBI:27641 cycloheximide An ether having methyl and <em>tert</em>-butyl as the two alkyl components. tert-Butyl methyl ether CHEBI:27642 methyl tert-butyl ether tert-Butyl methyl ether KEGG_COMPOUND A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-<em>b</em>]quinoline which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 14, and by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at position 4 (the <i>S</i> enantiomer). CHEBI:27656 camptothecin Any aldehyde having an oxo substituent at the 2-position. CHEBI:27659 2-oxo aldehyde CHEBI:27666 actinomycin D A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid. CHEBI:27689 decanoate Vanadium CHEBI:27698 vanadium atom Vanadium KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:27726 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. CHEBI:27732 caffeine Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'. CHEBI:27741 3'-hydroxyflavonoid A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). CHEBI:27744 glyphosate The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. ETHYL ACETATE Ethyl acetate CHEBI:27750 ethyl acetate ETHYL ACETATE PDBeChem Ethyl acetate KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:27777 acetohydroxamic acid A surfactant (or a mixture containing one or more surfactants) having cleaning properties in dilute solutions. CHEBI:27780 detergent A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2. 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE 1,2-Dichloroethane CHEBI:27789 1,2-dichloroethane 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE PDBeChem 1,2-Dichloroethane KEGG_COMPOUND A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. NITROBENZENE Nitrobenzene CHEBI:27798 nitrobenzene NITROBENZENE PDBeChem Nitrobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses. CHEBI:27808 heroin A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:27810 resorcinol A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group. CHEBI:27822 2-aminobenzimidazole An aryl dialkyl phosphate where both the alkyl groups are ethyl and the aryl group is 4-nitrophenyl. CHEBI:27827 paraoxon The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). CHEBI:278547 sodium azide A member of the class of acetamides that results from the formal condensation of acetic acid with ammonia. ACETAMIDE Acetamide CHEBI:27856 acetamide ACETAMIDE PDBeChem Acetamide KEGG_COMPOUND A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union. CHEBI:27864 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent. Chloroacetic acid CHEBI:27869 chloroacetic acid Chloroacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Acetaldehyde substituted at C-2 by chlorine. Chloroacetaldehyde CHEBI:27871 chloroacetaldehyde Chloroacetaldehyde KEGG_COMPOUND A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. CHEBI:27878 2-naphthylamine A stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:27881 resveratrol An α-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. Tryptophan CHEBI:27897 tryptophan Tryptophan KEGG_COMPOUND A diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a <i>cis</i> planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups). CHEBI:27899 cisplatin A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the <em>Streptomyces genus</em> of actinobacteria. CHEBI:27902 tetracycline A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines. CHEBI:27903 (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. CHEBI:27909 paraldehyde An acetylspermidine that is 1,8-diamino-4-azaoctane in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group attached to <em>C</em>-8 is replaced by an acetyl group. CHEBI:27911 N(8)-acetylspermidine A phenylhydrazine that is the monophenyl derivative of hydrazine. Phenylhydrazine CHEBI:27924 phenylhydrazine Phenylhydrazine KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:27928 parathion An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a β-lactam ring. CHEBI:27933 beta-lactam antibiotic CHEBI:27941 pullulan A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub <em>Erythroxylon coca</em>. CHEBI:27958 cocaine The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of glyceraldehyde. CHEBI:27975 L-glyceraldehyde CHEBI:27977 erythronolide B A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group. Benzonitrile Phenyl cyanide CHEBI:27991 benzonitrile Benzonitrile KEGG_COMPOUND Phenyl cyanide KEGG_COMPOUND Tungsten CHEBI:27998 tungsten Tungsten KEGG_COMPOUND A complex glycopeptide from <em>Streptomyces orientalis</em>. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Clostridium difficile</em>. CHEBI:28001 vancomycin The most important reserve polysaccharide found in plants. It is a glucan consisting of amylose and amylopectin. CHEBI:28017 starch CHEBI:28024 cyanic acid An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. Phenylalanine CHEBI:28044 phenylalanine Phenylalanine KEGG_COMPOUND A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. CHEBI:28054 o-cresol A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of <small>D</small>-glucopyranose residues in α(1→4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by α(1→6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of α(1→3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues. CHEBI:28057 amylopectin A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:28063 o-xylene A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. Chromium CHEBI:28073 chromium atom Chromium KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from <em>Amycolatopsis rifamycinica</em> (previously known as <em>Amycolatopsis mediterranei</em> and <em>Streptomyces mediterranei</em>). CHEBI:28077 rifampicin A monochlorophenol substituted at the <em>pare</em> position by a chlorine atom. 4-Chlorophenol CHEBI:28078 4-chlorophenol 4-Chlorophenol KEGG_COMPOUND A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties. CHEBI:28088 genistein The simplest member of the class of monochlorobenzenes, that is benzene in which a single hydrogen has been substituted by a chlorine. Chlorobenzene CHEBI:28097 chlorobenzene Chlorobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:28098 kanamycin B A glucan composed of unbranched chains of <small>D</small>-glucopyranose residues in α(1→4) glycosidic linkage. The number of repeated glucose subunits (n) is usually in the range of 300 to 3000, but can be many thousands. One of the two components of starch (the other, 70-80%, being amylopectin). Cf. linear maltodextrin, in which the chain length is typically between 3 and 17 glucose units. CHEBI:28102 amylose Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. CHEBI:28112 nickel atom CHEBI:28119 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a <em>N</em>-hydroxyethyl substituent. CHEBI:28123 diethanolamine A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge. CHEBI:28124 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) A docosahexaenoic acid having six <i>cis</i>-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. Docosahexaenoic acid CHEBI:28125 all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:28143 digitalin A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings <em>ortho</em>-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. CHEBI:28145 dibenzofuran An optically active form of asparagine having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-Asparagine CHEBI:28159 D-asparagine D-Asparagine KEGG_COMPOUND An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. Benzamide CHEBI:28179 benzamide Benzamide KEGG_COMPOUND An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide B having 2,6-dideoxy-3-<em>C</em>-methyl-3-<em>O</em>-methyl-α-<small>L</small>-<i>ribo</i>-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-<small>D</small>-<i>xylo</i>-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. CHEBI:28196 erythromycin B A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'. CHEBI:28197 daidzein A chloroethanol carrying a chloro substituent at position 2. 2-Chloroethanol CHEBI:28200 2-chloroethanol 2-Chloroethanol KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of rotenones that consists of 1,2,12,12a-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-<em>b</em>]furo[2,3-<em>h</em>]chromen-6(6a<em>H</em>)-one substituted at position 2 by a prop-1-en-2-yl group and at positions 8 and 9 by methoxy groups (the 2<i>R</i>,6a<i>S</i>,12a<i>S</i>-isomer). A non-systemic insecticide, it is the principal insecticidal constituent of derris (the dried rhizome and root of <em>Derris elliptica</em>). CHEBI:28201 rotenone A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an ethenyl group. Acrylonitrile CHEBI:28217 acrylonitrile Acrylonitrile KEGG_COMPOUND A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene CHEBI:28222 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of leucine. D-LEUCINE D-Leucine CHEBI:28225 D-leucine D-LEUCINE PDBeChem D-Leucine KEGG_COMPOUND A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3'-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4'-position. CHEBI:28230 hesperetin CHEBI:28239 erythromycin E A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dichloroacetic acid. CHEBI:28240 dichloroacetate An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all <em>Aristolochia</em> (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. CHEBI:2825 aristolochic acid A An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. Galactose CHEBI:28260 galactose Galactose KEGG_COMPOUND A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE Dimethyl sulfoxide CHEBI:28262 dimethyl sulfoxide DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE PDBeChem Dimethyl sulfoxide KEGG_COMPOUND An <em>ortho</em>-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives Fluorene CHEBI:28266 fluorene Fluorene KEGG_COMPOUND An α-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine CHEBI:28300 glutamine Glutamine KEGG_COMPOUND A highly sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan comprising complex patterns of uronic acid-(1→4)-<small>D</small>-glucosamine repeating subunits. Used as an injectable anticoagulant, it has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. CHEBI:28304 heparin A monocarboxylic acid amide that is urea where one of the amino groups has been replaced with hydrazine. Hydrazinecarboxamide CHEBI:28306 semicarbazide Hydrazinecarboxamide KEGG_COMPOUND The <small>D</small>-stereoisomer of galactosamine. CHEBI:28328 D-galactosamine CHEBI:28331 erythromycin D A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-lactic acid. 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid CHEBI:28358 rac-lactic acid 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An icosapentaenoic acid having five <i>cis</i>-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. CHEBI:28364 all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid CHEBI:28383 alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. CHEBI:28384 vitamin K A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position <em>C</em>-2. CHEBI:28398 butan-2-one CHEBI:28411 allicin A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. CHEBI:28412 eriodictyol The β-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. CHEBI:28428 beta-hexachlorocyclohexane A vinca alkaloid with formula C<small>₄₆</small>H<small>₅₆</small>N<small>₄</small>O<small>₁₀</small> found in the Madagascar periwinkle, <em>Catharanthus roseus</em>. It is used (commonly as the corresponding sulfate salt)as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast cancer and head and neck cancer. 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine CHEBI:28445 vincristine 22-Oxovincaleukoblastine KEGG_COMPOUND An optically active form of tyrosine having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-TYROSINE D-Tyrosine CHEBI:28479 D-tyrosine D-TYROSINE PDBeChem D-Tyrosine KEGG_COMPOUND A C<small>₅</small>, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. 3-Methylbutanoic acid CHEBI:28484 isovaleric acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An alkaloid found in the roots of <em>Rauwolfia serpentina</em> and <em>R. vomitoria</em>. CHEBI:28487 reserpine A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. 1,3-Xylene CHEBI:28488 m-xylene 1,3-Xylene KEGG_COMPOUND A 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide in which the carboxamide group is situated at position 4 of the imidazole ring, which is further substituted at position 5 by an amino group. A purine nucleoside analogue and activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, it is is used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is reported to have cardioprotective effects. CHEBI:28498 acadesine A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group. CHEBI:28509 chloroethene A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol CHEBI:28520 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol KEGG_COMPOUND A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae. 1,2-Dibromoethane CHEBI:28534 1,2-dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:28553 selenocystine A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. CHEBI:28579 epsilon-caprolactam A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the <em>ortho</em> position. CHEBI:28591 guaiacol A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. CHEBI:28600 farnesol A one-carbon compound that is ammonia in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a carboxy group. Although carbamic acid derivatives are common, carbamic acid itself has never been synthesised. CARBAMIC ACID Carbamate Carbamic acid CHEBI:28616 carbamic acid CARBAMIC ACID PDBeChem Carbamate KEGG_COMPOUND Carbamic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene CHEBI:28618 1,4-dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND A member of the class of acrylamides that results from the formal condensation of acrylic acid with ammonia. CHEBI:28619 acrylamide A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. 3-Phenylpropanoic acid CHEBI:28631 3-phenylpropionic acid 3-Phenylpropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid. CHEBI:28640 lipoteichoic acid A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:28654 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate Phosphorus CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom Phosphorus KEGG_COMPOUND Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of <small>D</small>-glucose units linked by α(1→4) or α(1→6) glycosidic bonds. CHEBI:28675 dextrin A pyrimidine nucleoside in which cytosine is attached to <small>D</small>-arabinofuranose via a β-<em>N</em><small>^1</small>-glycosidic bond. Used mainly in the treatment of leukaemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. CHEBI:28680 cytarabine A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. CHEBI:28683 kynurenine Molybdenum CHEBI:28685 molybdenum atom Molybdenum KEGG_COMPOUND An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a β-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one CHEBI:28689 dehydroepiandrosterone 3beta-Hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one KEGG_COMPOUND 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one ChEBI Copper CHEBI:28694 copper atom Copper KEGG_COMPOUND A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has <em>cis</em> configuration. CHEBI:28716 palmitoleic acid A primary arylamine that is aniline in which the hydrogens at the 2- and 6-positions are replaced by methyl groups. It is used in the production of some anasthetics and other chemicals. It is a drug metabolite of lidocaine (local anasthetic). 2,6-Dimethylaniline CHEBI:28738 2,6-dimethylaniline 2,6-Dimethylaniline KEGG_COMPOUND A metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion. Sodium fluoride CHEBI:28741 sodium fluoride Sodium fluoride KEGG_COMPOUND A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan. PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID CHEBI:28747 picolinic acid PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID PDBeChem CHEBI:28748 doxorubicin CHEBI:28749 aryl beta-D-glucoside A trichlorophenol with phenolic substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol CHEBI:28755 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol KEGG_COMPOUND A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose. Fructose CHEBI:28757 fructose Fructose KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorophenylmethane that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by <em>p</em>-chlorophenyl groups. CHEBI:28763 4,4'-dichlorodiphenylmethane A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. CHEBI:28768 p-cymene A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the α-carboxy group of <small>L</small>-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl <small>L</small>-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener. CHEBI:2877 aspartame A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-<em>O</em>-(α-<small>L</small>-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:28775 hesperidin CHEBI:28786 paraquat dichloride A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. CHEBI:28787 nitroglycerin A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol CHEBI:28790 serotonin 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:28793 beta-D-glucan A toluate that is the conjugate base of <em>m</em>-toluic acid. CHEBI:28795 m-toluate Polysaccharides composed of fructose residues. Fructan CHEBI:28796 fructan Fructan KEGG_COMPOUND A polymer consisting of <i>cis</i>-linked prenyl units. CHEBI:28798 rubber particle Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:28802 flavonols CHEBI:28805 cis-1,2-dichloroethene Mannan CHEBI:28808 mannan Mannan KEGG_COMPOUND A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including <em>Zingiber officinale</em> (ginger). DODECANE Dodecane CHEBI:28817 dodecane DODECANE PDBeChem Dodecane KEGG_COMPOUND A substituted aniline carrying a hydroxy substituent. A 'closed class'. CHEBI:28829 aminophenol A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CHEBI:28830 chlorambucil The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. Propan-1-ol CHEBI:28831 propan-1-ol Propan-1-ol KEGG_COMPOUND A bile acid that is 5β-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. CHEBI:28834 deoxycholic acid A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. Octanoic acid CHEBI:28837 octanoic acid Octanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A C<small>₁₈</small> straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. CHEBI:28842 octadecanoic acid A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' PHENANTHRENE Phenanthrene CHEBI:28851 phenanthrene PHENANTHRENE PDBeChem Phenanthrene KEGG_COMPOUND A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines. CHEBI:28854 2,4-D The 5α-stereoisomer of androstane. 5alpha-Androstane Androstane CHEBI:28859 5alpha-androstane 5alpha-Androstane KEGG_COMPOUND Androstane KEGG_COMPOUND Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2<em>H</em>-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:28863 flavanones A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. CHEBI:28864 tobramycin A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. CHEBI:28865 taurocholic acid A C<small>₂₄</small> straight-chain saturated fatty acid. Tetracosanoic acid CHEBI:28866 tetracosanoic acid Tetracosanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND The conjugate base of a fatty acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the corresponding fatty acid. CHEBI:28868 fatty acid anion A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia. CHEBI:28869 menadione A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. MYRISTIC ACID Myristic acid CHEBI:28875 tetradecanoic acid MYRISTIC ACID PDBeChem Myristic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A phenylalanine derivative comprising <small>L</small>-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. CHEBI:28876 melphalan The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. CHEBI:28880 (S)-mevalonic acid A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. N-Phenylacetamide CHEBI:28884 N-phenylacetamide N-Phenylacetamide KEGG_COMPOUND A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. CHEBI:28885 butan-1-ol A methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largely replaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant. CHEBI:28901 busulfan A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. Prop-2-yn-1-ol CHEBI:28905 prop-2-yn-1-ol Prop-2-yn-1-ol KEGG_COMPOUND The <i>R</i>-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. CHEBI:28918 (R)-adrenaline CHEBI:28925 mechlorethamine A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. CHEBI:28934 vitamin D2 An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. ammonium CHEBI:28938 ammonium ammonium ChEBI An <em>N</em>-acetyl-<small>L</small>-amino acid that is the <em>N</em>-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid <small>L</small>-cysteine. N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE CHEBI:28939 N-acetyl-L-cysteine N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE PDBeChem A nitramine that is methylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a nitro group while the other is substituted by a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group. A yellow crystalline powder, it is a high explosive, capable of being detonated by friction, shock, or a spark. CHEBI:28950 N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups. CHEBI:28963 amino sugar A carboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:28965 dicarboxylic acid dianion A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. CHEBI:28971 ampicillin A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. CHEBI:28973 strychnine Carbonic acid CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid Carbonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND Aluminium CHEBI:28984 aluminium atom Aluminium KEGG_COMPOUND An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon. CYCLOHEXANE Cyclohexane CHEBI:29005 cyclohexane CYCLOHEXANE PDBeChem Cyclohexane KEGG_COMPOUND A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. CHEBI:29007 ceftriaxone CHEBI:29014 cordycepin An α-amino acid that is glycine in which the α-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. Arginine CHEBI:29016 arginine Arginine KEGG_COMPOUND A C<small>₉</small> straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers. Nonanoic acid CHEBI:29019 nonanoic acid Nonanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. HEXANE Hexane CHEBI:29021 hexane HEXANE PDBeChem Hexane KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:29027 trans-1,2-dichloroethene A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (<i>R</i>)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:29032 (R)-pantothenate Iron(2+) CHEBI:29033 iron(2+) Iron(2+) KEGG_COMPOUND Iron(3+) CHEBI:29034 iron(3+) Iron(3+) KEGG_COMPOUND An ion of copper carrying a double positive charge. copper(II) cation CHEBI:29036 copper(2+) copper(II) cation ChEBI An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an <em>N</em>-isopropyl substituent. CHEBI:2904 atenolol The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at <em>ortho</em> positions. CHEBI:29069 phthalic acid The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of <small>L</small>-ascorbate. CHEBI:29073 L-ascorbic acid CHEBI:29075 mononucleotide A fructan in which the <small>D</small>-fructose building blocks are connected by β-(2→1) linkages. CHEBI:29084 (2->1)-beta-D-fructan A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. CHEBI:29103 potassium(1+) CHEBI:29105 zinc(2+) CHEBI:29108 calcium(2+) A hydrate that is the trihydrate form of atorvastatin calcium. CHEBI:2911 atorvastatin calcium trihydrate An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of three protons from arsenic acid. Arsenate CHEBI:29125 arsenate(3-) Arsenate KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:29133 dextrorphan CHEBI:29192 hydrogenperoxide(1-) CHEBI:29195 cyanate A hydracid that is cyanic acid in which the oxygen is replaced by a sulfur atom. Thiocyanic acid CHEBI:29200 thiocyanic acid Thiocyanic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology. CHEBI:29202 isocyanic acid CHEBI:29213 sulfinic acid CHEBI:29214 sulfonic acid CHEBI:29219 chlorous acid An <em>S</em>-glycosyl compound consisting of 2,3,4,6-tetra-<em>O</em>-acetyl-1-thio-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranose with the sufur atom coordinated to (triethylphosphoranylidene)gold. It is administered orally for the treatment of active progressive rheumatoid arthritis. CHEBI:2922 auranofin CHEBI:29221 perchloric acid CHEBI:29222 hypochlorite CHEBI:29223 bromate A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms. CHEBI:29228 hydrogen fluoride Nucleus of the <small>^2</small>H atom. CHEBI:29233 deuteron The stable isotope of hydrogen with relative atomic mass 2.014102 and a natural abundance of 0.0115 atom percent (from Greek δευτερον, second). CHEBI:29237 deuterium atom An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of a proton from one of the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid. CHEBI:29242 arsenite(1-) An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid. CHEBI:29243 arsenite(2-) An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, ‒SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. Thiol thiols CHEBI:29256 thiol Thiol KEGG_COMPOUND thiols ChEBI A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of phosphorous acid. CHEBI:29258 dihydrogenphosphite A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. CHEBI:29259 hydrogenphosphite CHEBI:29277 dinitride(2-) CHEBI:29278 dinitride(4-) CHEBI:29281 alkyl sulfate CHEBI:29287 gold atom A sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines. CHEBI:29290 thionyl chloride A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups. CHEBI:29308 oxalonitrile CHEBI:29317 selanide An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of nitroprusside. CHEBI:29321 sodium nitroprusside CHEBI:29337 azanide A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of two protons from ammonia. CHEBI:29340 hydridonitrate(2-) A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. CHEBI:29347 monocarboxylic acid amide A monocarboxylic acid amide derived from a fatty acid. CHEBI:29348 fatty amide CHEBI:29360 methanediide An acyl chloride obtained by substitution of both hydrogens of formaldehyde by chlorine. CHEBI:29365 phosgene CHEBI:29369 peroxy group CHEBI:29377 sodium carbonate The simplest silane, consisting of a single silicon atom carrying four hydrogens. CHEBI:29389 silane CHEBI:29390 silicon carbide CHEBI:29412 oxonium CHEBI:29415 dioxidochlorine(.) CHEBI:29438 methanide CHEBI:29449 hydrogen azide A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. CHEBI:2948 azathioprine A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3. CHEBI:2953 azinphos-methyl CHEBI:29534 avermectin B1a CHEBI:29537 avermectin B1b A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. CHEBI:2955 azithromycin A carboxylic ester that is the methyl ester of (2<i>E</i>)-(methoxyimino){2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acetic acid. A fungicide for the control of scab on apples and pears and other fungal diseases on a wide range of crops. CHEBI:2962 kresoxim-methyl An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:29678 sodium arsenite A mixture of antiviral nucleoside antibiotics produced by <em>Streptomyces lysosuperificus</em>. It contains at least 10 homologues comprising uracil, <em>N</em>-acetylglucosamine, an 11-carbon aminodialdose called tunicamine, and a fatty acid linked to the amino group of the tunicamine. The homologues vary in the composition of the fatty acid moiety. CHEBI:29699 tunicamycin A 16-membererd macrolide that is the aglycone of the antibiotic 5-<em>O</em>-β-<small>D</small>-mycaminosyltylactone. CHEBI:29700 tylactone A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of cholic acid. CHEBI:29747 cholate A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid. CHEBI:29749 trans-ferulate A quinate that is the conjugate base of (−)-quinic acid. CHEBI:29751 (-)-quinate CHEBI:29754 arsonate(2-) CHEBI:29755 arsanide An inorganic anion that is the conjugate base of hydroxylamine, arising from deprotonation of the amino function. CHEBI:29772 hydroxyazanide CHEBI:29773 aminooxidanide CHEBI:29785 nitro group CHEBI:29792 hydroperoxy group CHEBI:29793 hydridodioxygen(1+) A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is acetate where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. CHEBI:29805 glycolate A C4-dicarboxylate that is the <i>E</i>-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2−) (2E)-but-2-enedioate CHEBI:29806 fumarate(2-) (2E)-but-2-enedioate ChEBI A tricarboxylic acid trianion that is the conjugate base of glycyrrhizinic acid. CHEBI:29807 glycyrrhizinate(3-) CHEBI:29822 sulfinyl group CHEBI:29840 arsinic acid CHEBI:29846 arsinate CHEBI:29850 arsonic acid Methylarsonic acid CHEBI:29852 methylarsonic acid Methylarsonic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A hexitol produced by a variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, lichens and plants. CHEBI:29864 mannitol An <em>ortho</em>- and <em>peri</em>-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. CHEBI:29865 benzo[a]pyrene An arsenite ion resulting from the removal of all three protons from the hydroxy groups of arsenous acid. Arsenite CHEBI:29866 arsenite(3-) Arsenite KEGG_COMPOUND An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. CHEBI:29888 diphosphoric acid CHEBI:29917 thiol group CHEBI:29919 hydrosulfide CHEBI:29922 sulfo group CHEBI:29938 phosphanide An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group L-glutamate CHEBI:29985 L-glutamate(1-) L-glutamate ChEBI An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of <small>D</small>-glutamic acid, having anionic carboxy groups and a cationic amino group CHEBI:29986 D-glutamate(1-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1−). CHEBI:29987 glutamate(2-) An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid anion that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the both the carboxy groups of <small>L</small>-glutamic acid. CHEBI:29988 L-glutamate(2-) CHEBI:29989 D-glutamate(2-) An aspartate(1−) that is the conjugate base of <small>D</small>-aspartic acid. CHEBI:29990 D-aspartate(1-) An aspartate(1−) that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-aspartic acid. L-aspartate CHEBI:29991 L-aspartate(1-) L-aspartate ChEBI An aspartate(2−) that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-aspartate(1−). CHEBI:29993 L-aspartate(2-) An aspartate(2−) that is the conjugate base of <small>D</small>-aspartate(1−). CHEBI:29994 D-aspartate(2-) A C4-dicarboxylate that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of both the carboxy groups of aspartic acid. CHEBI:29995 aspartate(2-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion resulting from the removal of a proton from both of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. CHEBI:30031 succinate(2-) A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy groups of terephthalic acid. CHEBI:30043 terephthalate(2-) CHEBI:30045 divanadium pentaoxide Bacterial polysaccharide derivatives of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate linked via phosphodiester bonds, whose main function is to fortify the cell wall. In some parasites, they serve as a site of attachment to mucosal membranes. CHEBI:30049 teichoic acid CHEBI:30065 thioglycolic acid CHEBI:30066 thioglycolate(1-) CHEBI:30087 guanidinium A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid. CHEBI:30089 acetate CHEBI:30095 hydrazinide CHEBI:30096 diazene CHEBI:30099 diazynediium CHEBI:30100 hydrazine-1,2-diide CHEBI:30101 hydrazine-1,1-diide CHEBI:30102 diazynium CHEBI:30103 diazenide CHEBI:30104 diazanetriide CHEBI:30105 diazo group CHEBI:30106 azo group CHEBI:30123 trifluorochlorine A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2<em>H</em>-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group. CHEBI:3013 bendroflumethiazide CHEBI:30145 lithium atom A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is the methyl ester of [1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1<em>H</em>-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid. A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of <em>Ascomycetes</em> and <em>Fungi Imperfecti</em> in a wide range of crops. CHEBI:3015 benomyl A boron oxide with formula B<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>. CHEBI:30163 diboron trioxide A benzothiadiazine that is 1<em>H</em>-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3<em>H</em>)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3. CHEBI:3018 bentazone CHEBI:30181 plumbane An organolead compound consisting of four ethyl groups joined to a central lead atom. CHEBI:30182 tetraethyllead CHEBI:30183 tetramethyllead CHEBI:30187 aluminium oxide Particle of zero charge, zero rest mass, spin quantum number 1, energy <em>h</em><em>ν</em> and momentum <em>h</em><em>ν</em>/<em>c</em> (<em>h</em> is the Planck constant, <em>ν</em> the frequency of radiation and <em>c</em> the speed of light), carrier of electromagnetic force. CHEBI:30212 photon CHEBI:30217 helium atom CHEBI:30231 nitrogen trifluoride An octadecadienoate with <i>cis</i>- double bonds at the 9- and 12- positions; the conjugate base of linoleic acid. CHEBI:30245 linoleate CHEBI:30251 pentacarbonyliron CHEBI:30256 thiocarbonyl group CHEBI:30259 1,3,5-triazine CHEBI:30260 cyromazine A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is <em>N</em>-<em>tert</em>-butyl-<em>N</em>'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6. CHEBI:30263 terbutylazine A methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of each amino group has been replaced by an ethyl group. CHEBI:30264 simeton CHEBI:30272 arsonium The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached. CHEBI:30278 phosphane CHEBI:30282 phosphonium CHEBI:30288 stibane CHEBI:30292 stibonium CHEBI:30304 antimony(0) A thia fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of lipoic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:30313 lipoate CHEBI:30320 thioacetate A phosphorus halide with formula Cl<small>₃</small>P. CHEBI:30334 phosphorus trichloride CHEBI:30335 phosphorus pentachloride CHEBI:30336 phosphoryl trichloride An alkane-α,ω-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. CHEBI:30347 ethylenediamine A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. CHEBI:30351 2,2'-bipyridine CHEBI:30353 isopropyl group CHEBI:30355 tert-butyl group CHEBI:30356 isobutyl group An alkane that is butane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. CHEBI:30362 isopentane An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. CHEBI:30363 isobutane CHEBI:30367 pyrazol-1-ide CHEBI:30372 tetracarbonylnickel A cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide that is cobalamin with the oxidation state of the central cobalt atom unspecified. CHEBI:30411 cobalamin CHEBI:30412 monoatomic dication A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin <em>indicum</em>) blue line in its flame spectrum. CHEBI:30430 indium atom CHEBI:30434 selenium hexafluoride A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot). CHEBI:30440 thallium atom CHEBI:30441 germanium atom CHEBI:30443 germane CHEBI:30452 tellurium atom CHEBI:30469 tellurium hexafluoride An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a hydroxy group. A fungicide used to control a variety of infections including blight on potatoes, leaf spot on sugar beet and alternaria blight on carrots. CHEBI:30473 fentin hydroxide CHEBI:30485 selenonium CHEBI:30488 sulfonium CHEBI:30494 oxygen difluoride CHEBI:30495 sulfur tetrafluoride A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO<small>₂</small> over a 100 year period (SF<small>₆</small> has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years). CHEBI:30496 sulfur hexafluoride Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4. CHEBI:30501 beryllium atom CHEBI:30512 silver atom CHEBI:30513 antimony atom CHEBI:30514 caesium atom An α-amino-acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid. CHEBI:30526 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[<em>g</em>]pteridine-2,4(3<em>H</em>,10<em>H</em>)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. CHEBI:30527 flavin CHEBI:30528 vanadium oxoanion CHEBI:30537 triphenylstannane A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. CHEBI:30563 silicon dioxide An γ-amino acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of γ-aminobutyric acid. CHEBI:30566 gamma-aminobutyrate The amino acid zwitterion formed from thyroxine by transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:305790 thyroxine zwitterion A nucleoside triphosphate(4−) obtained by global deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of ATP; major species present at pH 7.3. CHEBI:30616 ATP(4-) An arsenic oxide in which arsenic and oxygen atoms are present in the ratio 2:3. CHEBI:30621 diarsenic trioxide A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid. CHEBI:30623 oxalate(2-) CHEBI:30627 molybdenum trioxide CHEBI:30629 diethylenetriamine An α-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the α-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:30653 homoserine The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of homoserine. CHEBI:30654 D-homoserine The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of thyroxine. CHEBI:30659 D-thyroxine An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. CHEBI:30660 thyroxine A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl. CHEBI:30661 thyronine CHEBI:30664 cyclopentadiene A bis(η<small>^5</small>-cyclopentadienyl)metal(II) having Fe(II) as the metal(II) species. The parent of the class of ferrocenes. CHEBI:30672 ferrocene CHEBI:30682 ruthenium atom CHEBI:30687 osmium atom CHEBI:30721 epoxy group A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. Ethylene glycol CHEBI:30742 ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol KEGG_COMPOUND A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Phenylacetic acid CHEBI:30745 phenylacetic acid Phenylacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. BENZOIC ACID Benzoic acid CHEBI:30746 benzoic acid BENZOIC ACID PDBeChem Benzoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. FORMIC ACID Formic acid CHEBI:30751 formic acid FORMIC ACID PDBeChem Formic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. CHEBI:30762 salicylate A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:30763 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a phenyl group, and one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:30765 tropic acid CHEBI:30766 (S)-tropic acid CHEBI:30767 (R)-tropic acid A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. PROPANOIC ACID Propanoic acid CHEBI:30768 propionic acid PROPANOIC ACID PDBeChem Propanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. CHEBI:30769 citric acid A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. BUTANOIC ACID Butanoic acid CHEBI:30772 butyric acid BUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem Butanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by fluorine. Fluoroacetic acid CHEBI:30775 fluoroacetic acid Fluoroacetic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A C<small>₆</small>, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. HEXANOIC ACID Hexanoic acid CHEBI:30776 hexanoic acid HEXANOIC ACID PDBeChem Hexanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:30778 gallic acid 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid ChEBI A dicarboxylic acid monoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. CHEBI:30779 succinate(1-) A C4-dicarboxylate that is the <i>Z</i>-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2−) CHEBI:30780 maleate(2-) An α,ω-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group. Propanedioic acid CHEBI:30794 malonic acid Propanedioic acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:30795 malonate(1-) A phthalate that is the conjugate base of phthalic acid. CHEBI:30800 phthalate(1-) CHEBI:30801 terephthalate(1-) A benzenedicarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by carboxy groups at position 1 and 3. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and terephthalic acids. CHEBI:30802 isophthalic acid CHEBI:30803 isophthalate(2-) A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of isophthalic acid. CHEBI:30804 isophthalate(1-) A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Dodecanoic acid CHEBI:30805 dodecanoic acid Dodecanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:30807 tetradecanoate A C<small>₁₀</small>, straight-chain saturated fatty acid. DECANOIC ACID Decanoic acid CHEBI:30813 decanoic acid DECANOIC ACID PDBeChem Decanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid CHEBI:30816 vanillic acid 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A C<small>₁₈</small>, long straight-chain monounsaturated fatty acid anion; and the conjugate base of oleic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. CHEBI:30823 oleate A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. CHEBI:30838 itaconic acid A furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2. CHEBI:30845 2-furoic acid CHEBI:30848 urate(1-) A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. CHEBI:30853 glycyrrhetinic acid An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of indole-3-acetic acid. CHEBI:30854 indole-3-acetate A compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. CHEBI:30879 alcohol A naphthalenesulfonic acid in which the sulfo groups are attached to positions 2 and 7 of the naphthalene ring. CHEBI:30898 naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (<i>R</i>)-bicalutamide and (<i>S</i>)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. CHEBI:3090 bicalutamide CHEBI:30911 glucitol A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both the carboxy groups of glutaric acid. CHEBI:30921 glutarate(2-) CHEBI:30924 L-tartrate(2-) CHEBI:30927 D-tartrate(2-) A tartaric acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate. CHEBI:30929 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of <i>cis</i>-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol. CHEBI:3093 bifenthrin CHEBI:30938 6-aminopenicillanate CHEBI:3095 biguanide A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. CHEBI:30956 trichloroacetic acid CHEBI:30958 Sudan I A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom. CHEBI:30965 oxetane CHEBI:30966 glycidol Aziridine CHEBI:30969 aziridine Aziridine KEGG_COMPOUND Any member of a group of hydroxy-5β-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5β-configuration. CHEBI:3098 bile acid A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'. CHEBI:30985 4,4'-bipyridine A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valeric acid; present in ester form as component of many steroid-based pharmaceuticals. CHEBI:31011 valerate A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid), formed by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:31014 tetracosanoate An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. CHEBI:31206 ammonium chloride CHEBI:31209 ampicillin trihydrate A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. CHEBI:31225 antipyrine An <em>N</em>-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. CHEBI:31236 aripiprazole CHEBI:3127 bisoprolol The acetate ester of butanol. CHEBI:31328 butyl acetate CHEBI:31341 calcium dihydroxide A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. CHEBI:31344 calcium oxide CHEBI:31346 calcium sulfate A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its <em>N</em>-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. CHEBI:31348 capecitabine A platinum coordination entity with <i>cis</i> square-planar geometry in which platinum(II) is coordinated to two ammonia ligands and a bidentate cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate ligand. CHEBI:31355 carboplatin CHEBI:3139 bleomycin A2 A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. CHEBI:31521 doxifluridine The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of atenolol. CHEBI:31556 esatenolol An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol, CHEBI:31575 ethylparaben Any organic amino compound that is a derivative of ethylenediamine. CHEBI:31577 ethylenediamine derivative A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3−) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. CHEBI:31604 ferric ammonium citrate A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17β-estradiol in which the 7α hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer. CHEBI:31638 fulvestrant A benzenedicarboxamide compound having <em>N</em>-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propanimido at position 5. CHEBI:31701 iobitridol A benzenedicarboxamide compound having <em>N</em>-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an <em>N</em>-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. CHEBI:31709 iohexol A benzenedicarboxamide compound having <em>N</em>-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position. CHEBI:31710 iomeprol A benzenedicarboxamide compound having <em>N</em>-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2<i>S</i>)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. CHEBI:31711 iopamidol The acetate ester of isoamylol. CHEBI:31725 isoamyl acetate CHEBI:31746 kainic acid A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-bromacil. CHEBI:3177 bromacil CHEBI:31794 magnesium oxide A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CHEBI:31810 fleroxacin A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. CHEBI:31835 methylparaben CHEBI:31836 methylphenidate hydrochloride CHEBI:31927 nystatin A3 CHEBI:3193 brucine A platinum coordination entity that is a commonly used chemothrepeutic drug for treatment of colorectal cancer. CHEBI:31941 oxaliplatin CHEBI:31953 Oxytetracycline hydrochloride An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group. CHEBI:31959 pantethine A polymer composed of repeating acetoxyethylene units. CHEBI:32028 poly(vinyl acetate) CHEBI:32035 potassium hydroxide The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive. CHEBI:32063 propylparaben A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. CHEBI:3207 budesonide CHEBI:32087 Ramatroban A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. CHEBI:32111 saccharin The simplest member of the class of salicylamides derived from salicylic acid. CHEBI:32114 salicylamide CHEBI:32130 silver(1+) nitrate CHEBI:32145 sodium hydroxide An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. CHEBI:32146 sodium hypochlorite A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-<small>D</small>-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-<small>D</small>-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond. CHEBI:32159 sucralose A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-<em>O</em>-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH<small>₂</small>CH<small>₂</small>- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the <em>N</em>-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain. CHEBI:3216 buprenorphine A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. CHEBI:32161 sulfadimethoxine CHEBI:32178 Talc An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a <em>tert</em>-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. CHEBI:3219 bupropion CHEBI:3220 Bupropion hydrochloride A titanium oxide with the formula TiO<small>₂</small>. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. CHEBI:32234 titanium dioxide A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-tolvaptan. It is a selective vasopressin V<small>₂</small> receptor antagonist used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. CHEBI:32246 tolvaptan An arenesulfonic acid that is phenol substituted by a sulfo group at C-4. CHEBI:32354 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of nonanoic acid that in methyl ester form has significant nematicidal activity. CHEBI:32361 nonanoate A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of heptanoic acid; shown in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion studies to increase levels of C<small>₄</small> Kreb's cycle intermediates. CHEBI:32362 heptanoate A straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series. CHEBI:32368 undecanoic acid A medium-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of undecanoic acid; used in tandem with testosterone cation in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:32369 undecanoate A hexadec-9-enoate that is the conjugate base of palmitoleic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:32372 palmitoleate A linolenate that is the conjugate base of α-linolenic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. CHEBI:32387 alpha-linolenate A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. CHEBI:32395 arachidonate A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of catecholate(1−). CHEBI:32402 catecholate(2-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of alaninate. CHEBI:32431 L-alaninate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of alaninium. CHEBI:32432 L-alaninium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of alaninate. CHEBI:32435 D-alaninate An alaninium that is the conjugate acid of <small>D</small>-alanine. CHEBI:32436 D-alaninium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of alanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32439 alaninate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of alanine. CHEBI:32440 alaninium The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of cysteinate(1−). CHEBI:32442 L-cysteinate(1-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of cysteinate(2−). CHEBI:32443 L-cysteinate(2-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of cysteinium. CHEBI:32445 L-cysteinium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of cysteinate(1−). CHEBI:32449 D-cysteinate(1-) An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid. CHEBI:3245 butyl acrylate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of cysteinate(2−). CHEBI:32450 D-cysteinate(2-) The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of cysteinium. CHEBI:32451 D-cysteinium A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of cysteine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32456 cysteinate(1-) CHEBI:32457 cysteinate(2-) CHEBI:32458 cysteinium An optically active form of phenylalaninate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32486 L-phenylalaninate An optically active form of phenylalaninium having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32487 L-phenylalaninium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of phenylalaninate. CHEBI:32494 D-phenylalaninate An optically active form of phenylalaninium having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32495 D-phenylalaninium A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. CHEBI:32497 thioacetamide An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenylalanine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32504 phenylalaninate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of phenylalanine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32505 phenylalaninium An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group. 4,4'-methylenedianiline CHEBI:32506 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane 4,4'-methylenedianiline ChEMBL An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glycine, arising from protonation of the amino. CHEBI:32507 glycinium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glycine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32508 glycinate CHEBI:32509 pirinixic acid CHEBI:32529 histidinate(1-) CHEBI:32530 histidinate(2-) CHEBI:32531 histidinium(1+) CHEBI:32532 histidinium(2+) A pyridinemonocarboxylate that is the conjugate base of nicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:32544 nicotinate An optically active form of lysinate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32550 L-lysinate An optically active form of lysinium having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32551 L-lysinium(1+) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of lysinium(2+). CHEBI:32552 L-lysinium(2+) An optically active form of lysinate having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32556 D-lysinate An optically active form of lysinium having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32557 D-lysinium(1+) The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of lysinium(2+). CHEBI:32558 D-lysinium(2+) An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of lysine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32563 lysinate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of lysine, having two cationic amino groups and an anionic carboxy group. CHEBI:32564 lysinium(1+) An α-amino-acid cation obtained by protonation of both amino groups of lysine. CHEBI:32565 lysinium(2+) A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. CHEBI:32588 potassium chloride A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death. CHEBI:3259 CCCP CHEBI:32594 barium atom An acene that consists of four <em>ortho</em>-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. CHEBI:32600 tetracene CHEBI:32612 isoleucinate CHEBI:32613 isoleucinium The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of leucinate. CHEBI:32619 L-leucinate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of leucinium. CHEBI:32620 L-leucinium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of leucinate. CHEBI:32623 D-leucinate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of leucinium. CHEBI:32624 D-leucinium An alkane-α,ω-diammonium(2+) that is the dication of putrescine (1,4-butanediamine) arising from protonation of both primary amino groups; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:326268 1,4-butanediammonium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of leucine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32627 leucinate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of leucine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32628 leucinium A sulfur-containing amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of methionine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32644 methioninate A sulfur-containing amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of methionine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32646 methioninium An optically active form of asparaginate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32650 L-asparaginate CHEBI:32651 L-asparaginium CHEBI:32656 D-asparaginate CHEBI:32657 D-asparaginium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of asparagine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32660 asparaginate CHEBI:32661 asparaginium An optically active form of glutaminate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32665 L-glutaminate An optically active form of glutaminium having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32666 L-glutaminium An optically active form of glutaminate having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32672 D-glutaminate An optically active form of glutaminium having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32673 D-glutaminium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of glutamine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32678 glutaminate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of glutamine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32679 glutaminium An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-arginine; obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32681 L-argininate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of argininium(1+). L-arginine CHEBI:32682 L-argininium(1+) L-arginine ChEBI CHEBI:32683 L-argininium(2+) CHEBI:32687 piperonyl butoxide CHEBI:32688 D-argininate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of argininium(1+). CHEBI:32689 D-argininium(1+) CHEBI:32690 D-argininium(2+) CHEBI:32695 argininate CHEBI:32696 argininium(1+) CHEBI:32697 argininium(2+) An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tryptophan, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32727 tryptophanate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tryptophan, arising from protonation of the α-amino group. CHEBI:32728 tryptophanium CHEBI:32752 selenocysteinate(1-) CHEBI:32753 selenocysteinate(2-) An α-amino-acid cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of selenocysteine. CHEBI:32754 selenocysteinium An optically active form of tyrosinate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32760 L-tyrosinate(1-) The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2−). CHEBI:32761 L-tyrosinate(2-) An optically active form of tyrosinium having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32762 L-tyrosinium An optically active form of tyrosinate(1−) having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32773 D-tyrosinate(1-) The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of tyrosinate(2−). CHEBI:32774 D-tyrosinate(2-) An optically active form of tyrosinium having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32775 D-tyrosinium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of tyrosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32784 tyrosinate(1-) CHEBI:32785 tyrosinate(2-) An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of tyrosine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32786 tyrosinium A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group. 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid CHEBI:32807 o-orsellinic acid 2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. 2-Oxopropanoic acid 2-oxopropanoic acid CHEBI:32816 pyruvic acid 2-Oxopropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND 2-oxopropanoic acid ChEBI An <small>L</small>-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-threonine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32820 L-threoninate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of threoninium. CHEBI:32822 L-threoninium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of threoninate. CHEBI:32827 D-threoninate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of threoninium. CHEBI:32828 D-threoninium CHEBI:32832 threoninate CHEBI:32833 threoninium A serinate that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-serine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32836 L-serinate A serinium that is the conjugate acid of <small>L</small>-serine, obtained by protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32837 L-serinium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of serinate. CHEBI:32840 D-serinate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of serinium. CHEBI:32841 D-serinium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of serine. CHEBI:32845 serinate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of serine. CHEBI:32846 serinium The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of valinate. CHEBI:32851 L-valinate The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of valinium. CHEBI:32852 L-valinium The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of valinate. CHEBI:32855 D-valinate The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of valinium. CHEBI:32856 D-valinium CHEBI:32859 valinate CHEBI:32860 valinium An optically active form of prolinate having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32862 L-prolinate A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:32863 secondary amine An optically active form of prolinium having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32864 L-prolinium An optically active form of prolinate having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32867 D-prolinate An optically active form of prolinium having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:32868 D-prolinium An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of proline, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:32871 prolinate An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of proline, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:32872 prolinium A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:32876 tertiary amine A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydrocarbyl group. CHEBI:32877 primary amine An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_2<em>n</em></small>. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having more than one double bond are alkadienes, alkatrienes, etc. olefin CHEBI:32878 alkene olefin ChEBI CHEBI:32879 propane CHEBI:32881 pentan-3-yl group 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane CHEBI:32888 gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane KEGG_COMPOUND A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. CHEBI:32892 nonane A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated from plant species of the genus <em>Taxus</em>. CHEBI:32898 baccatin III A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1. CHEBI:32918 1-naphthaleneacetic acid A straight-chain alkane carrying 18 carbon atoms. CHEBI:32926 octadecane A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. CHEBI:32952 amine CHEBI:32954 sodium acetate Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring. CHEBI:32955 epoxide Any monoacylglycerol phosphate obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid or derivatives therein. CHEBI:32957 lysophosphatidic acids CHEBI:32964 ornithinate A 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate that is ethanesulfonate substituted by an amino group at position 2. CHEBI:32970 2-aminoethanesulfonate An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. Amide CHEBI:32988 amide Amide KEGG_COMPOUND A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the phosphate OH groups in diphosphoric acid. CHEBI:33017 diphosphate(1-) A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from diphosphoric acid. CHEBI:33019 diphosphate(3-) CHEBI:33038 chromyl dichloride A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1. CHEBI:33070 indole-3-butyric acid CHEBI:33093 boron trifluoride A mononitrotoluene that is toluene carrying a nitro substituent at position 2. CHEBI:33098 2-nitrotoluene NITROGEN DIOXIDE CHEBI:33101 nitrogen dioxide NITROGEN DIOXIDE PDBeChem A calcium salt with formula CCaO<small>₃</small>. CHEBI:3311 calcium carbonate CHEBI:33127 sulfadiazinate A cyclic amine whose five-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom; the parent compound of the pyrrolidine family. CHEBI:33135 pyrrolidine CHEBI:33140 pyrazolium CHEBI:33143 chromic acid A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in chromic acid. CHEBI:33144 hydrogenchromate CHEBI:33145 boron oxoacid CHEBI:33173 benzimidazolide A dinitrile that is methane substituted by two cyano groups. CHEBI:33186 malononitrile CHEBI:33187 oxomalononitrile CHEBI:33189 hydrazonomalononitrile A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur. CHEBI:33202 2-thiobarbituric acid A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. CHEBI:33216 bisphenol A A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant. CHEBI:33217 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A A benzopyran consisting of a pyran ring having a benzene ring <em>ortho</em>-fused across positions 2 and 3. CHEBI:33224 chromane A biochemical role played by any micronutrient that is an organic compound. Vitamins are present in foods in small amounts and are essential to normal metabolism and biochemical functions, usually as coenzymes. The term "vitamines" (from <em>vita</em> + amines) was coined in 1912 by Casimir Funk, who believed that these compounds were amines. CHEBI:33229 vitamin (role) A substance that kills or slows the growth of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. CHEBI:33231 antitubercular agent Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. CHEBI:33232 application A particle not known to have substructure. CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. CHEBI:33234 vitamin E A monoatomic entity is a molecular entity consisting of a single atom. CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). CHEBI:33240 coordination entity CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. CHEBI:33246 inorganic group Any substituent group or skeleton containing carbon. CHEBI:33247 organic group A univalent group formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon. CHEBI:33248 hydrocarbyl group Any organic substituent group, regardless of functional type, having one free valence at a carbon atom. CHEBI:33249 organyl group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:33250 atom CHEBI:33251 monoatomic hydrogen A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. CHEBI:33253 nucleon CHEBI:33255 alkylmercury compound A derivative of an oxoacid R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:33256 primary amide A derivative of two oxoacids R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group. CHEBI:33257 secondary amide A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity CHEBI:33260 elemental hydrogen An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen CHEBI:33265 triatomic oxygen CHEBI:33266 diatomic nitrogen CHEBI:33267 elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:33273 polyatomic anion CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. CHEBI:33282 antibacterial agent A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. CHEBI:33284 nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. CHEBI:33286 agrochemical A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. CHEBI:33287 fertilizer A substance used to destroy rodent pests. CHEBI:33288 rodenticide A substance used to destroy bird pests (class <em>Aves</em>). CHEBI:33289 avicide A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life. CHEBI:33290 food An energy-rich substance that can be transformed with release of usable energy. CHEBI:33292 fuel A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease. CHEBI:33295 diagnostic agent A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity CHEBI:33298 lithium molecular entity An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. CHEBI:33299 alkaline earth molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. CHEBI:33300 pnictogen CHEBI:33301 bismuth atom A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. CHEBI:33303 chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity CHEBI:33305 tellurium molecular entity CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom An organic acid in which one or both oxygens of a carboxy group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. CHEBI:33307 thiocarboxylic acid An ester of a carboxylic acid, R<small>^1</small>C(=O)OR<small>^2</small>, where R<small>^1</small> = H or organyl and R<small>^2</small> = organyl. CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom CHEBI:33314 radon atom CHEBI:33317 boron group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. CHEBI:33318 main group element atom CHEBI:33319 lanthanoid atom CHEBI:33320 actinoid atom CHEBI:33321 rare earth metal atom CHEBI:33324 strontium atom CHEBI:33327 silicon oxide CHEBI:33329 silicon hydride A group derived from an arene by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom. CHEBI:33338 aryl group CHEBI:33340 zinc group element atom CHEBI:33341 titanium atom CHEBI:33342 zirconium atom CHEBI:33343 hafnium atom CHEBI:33345 titanium group element atom CHEBI:33347 vanadium group element atom CHEBI:33348 tantalum atom CHEBI:33350 chromium group element atom CHEBI:33352 manganese group element atom CHEBI:33353 technetium atom CHEBI:33356 iron group element atom CHEBI:33358 cobalt group element atom A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. CHEBI:33359 rhodium atom CHEBI:33362 nickel group element atom CHEBI:33364 platinum CHEBI:33365 platinum group metal atom CHEBI:33366 copper group element atom CHEBI:33371 technetium-99 CHEBI:33375 gadolinium atom A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of <small>L</small>-serine. CHEBI:33384 L-serine zwitterion CHEBI:33385 thorium CHEBI:33402 sulfur oxoacid A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid CHEBI:33404 3-hydroxypropionic acid 3-Hydroxypropanoic acid KEGG_COMPOUND A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). CHEBI:33405 hydracid CHEBI:33406 organoarsenic compound CHEBI:33407 arsenic oxoacid CHEBI:33408 pnictogen oxoacid CHEBI:33409 methylarsonate(1-) CHEBI:33415 elemental carbon A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms. CHEBI:33416 fullerene CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative CHEBI:33425 halogen oxoacid CHEBI:33426 chlorine oxoacid CHEBI:33427 bromine oxoacid CHEBI:33429 monoatomic monoanion CHEBI:33431 elemental chlorine CHEBI:33432 monoatomic chlorine CHEBI:33433 monoatomic halogen CHEBI:33434 elemental halogen CHEBI:33437 chlorine oxoanion CHEBI:33443 halogen oxoanion CHEBI:33444 bromine oxoanion Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid. CHEBI:33447 phospho sugar Arylmethyl groups and derivatives formed by substitution: ArCR<small>₂</small>‒. CHEBI:33452 benzylic group CHEBI:33455 nitrogen oxoacid A univalent group containing carbon which has its free valence at an atom other than carbon. CHEBI:33456 organoheteryl group A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. CHEBI:33457 phosphorus oxoacid CHEBI:33458 nitrogen oxoanion CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion CHEBI:33461 phosphorus oxoanion A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of one of the two OH groups in phosphonic acid. CHEBI:33462 phosphonate(1-) CHEBI:33465 elemental pnictogen A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1<em>H</em>-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1<em>H</em>-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. CHEBI:3347 candesartan CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. CHEBI:33497 transition element molecular entity CHEBI:33498 actinoid molecular entity CHEBI:33499 uranium molecular entity CHEBI:33504 alkali metal cation CHEBI:33513 alkaline earth cation CHEBI:33515 transition element cation CHEBI:33516 chromium cation An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:33521 metal atom CHEBI:33535 sulfur hydride The sulfur oxoanion formed by deprotonation of sulfonic acid. CHEBI:33543 sulfonate An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon. CHEBI:33551 organosulfonic acid CHEBI:33552 sulfonic acid derivative An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid. CHEBI:33554 organosulfonate oxoanion Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an aryl group. CHEBI:33555 arenesulfonic acid Any arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid substituted by at least one amino group at unspecified position. CHEBI:33557 aminobenzenesulfonic acid An amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any α-amino acid. CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom CHEBI:33562 f-block element atom Any member of class of 1,2-di-<em>O</em>-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent. CHEBI:33563 glycolipid Any compound containing an <em>o</em>-diphenol component. CHEBI:33566 catechols 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:33567 catecholamine A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)-adrenaline and (<i>S</i>)-adrenaline. CHEBI:33568 adrenaline A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. CHEBI:33569 noradrenaline CHEBI:33570 benzenediols Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are <em>meta</em> to one another. CHEBI:33572 resorcinols A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one ‒C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent. CHEBI:33576 sulfur-containing carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity CHEBI:33581 boron group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity CHEBI:33584 germanium molecular entity CHEBI:33585 lead molecular entity A compound containing at least one carbon-lead bond. CHEBI:33586 organolead compound CHEBI:33587 germanium hydride CHEBI:33588 boron hydride The molecular hydrides of boron. CHEBI:33589 boranes CHEBI:33590 diborane(6) Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. CHEBI:33595 cyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. CHEBI:33597 homocyclic compound A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. CHEBI:33598 carbocyclic compound A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings. CHEBI:33599 spiro compound CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity CHEBI:33609 elemental boron CHEBI:33620 aluminium molecular entity CHEBI:33623 aluminium oxides A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms. CHEBI:33624 bromophenol A bromophenol that consists of phenol bearing two bromo substituents at unspecified positions. CHEBI:33625 dibromophenol CHEBI:33627 monoatomic aluminium CHEBI:33628 elemental aluminium CHEBI:33629 aluminium(0) CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound A molecule that features two fused rings. CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have <em>n</em> common faces and 2<em>n</em> common atoms. CHEBI:33637 ortho-fused compound A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have <em>n</em> common faces and less than 2<em>n</em> common atoms. CHEBI:33639 ortho- and peri-fused compound A polycyclic compound having the shape of a cage. CHEBI:33640 polycyclic cage Acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, apart from the formal ones in aromatic compounds. The class olefins subsumes alkenes and cycloalkenes and the corresponding polyenes. CHEBI:33641 olefin The inclusive term for any cyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds. CHEBI:33642 cyclic olefin An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having at least one endocyclic double bond. CHEBI:33643 cycloalkene Acyclic (branched or unbranched) and cyclic (with or without side chain) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. CHEBI:33644 acetylenes Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon double bond. CHEBI:33645 acyclic olefin Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds. CHEBI:33646 alkadiene Acyclic (branched or unbranched) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. CHEBI:33650 acyclic acetylene Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds. CHEBI:33653 aliphatic compound An aliphatic compound having a carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system. CHEBI:33654 alicyclic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekulé structure) is said to possess aromatic character. CHEBI:33655 aromatic compound Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. CHEBI:33658 arene CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound CHEBI:33661 monocyclic compound A mancude monocyclic hydrocarbon without side chains of the general formula C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_<em>n</em></small> (<em>n</em> is an even number) or C<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_<em>n</em>+1</small> (<em>n</em> is an odd number). In systematic nomenclature an annulene with seven or more carbon atoms may be named [<em>n</em>]annulene, where <em>n</em> is the number of carbon atoms. CHEBI:33662 annulene CHEBI:33663 cyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33664 monocyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33666 polycyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33670 heteromonocyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound CHEBI:33673 zinc group molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. CHEBI:33676 d-block molecular entity A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an f-block element. CHEBI:33677 f-block molecular entity CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. CHEBI:33692 hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride A macromolecule formed by a living organism. CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule CHEBI:33695 information biomacromolecule A macromolecule made up of nucleotide units and hydrolysable into certain pyrimidine or purine bases (usually adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil), <small>D</small>-ribose or 2-deoxy-<small>D</small>-ribose and phosphoric acid. CHEBI:33696 nucleic acid High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins. CHEBI:33697 ribonucleic acid CHEBI:33700 proteinogenic amino-acid residue A cation consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position α to the carboxy group. CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position β to the carboxy group. CHEBI:33706 beta-amino acid A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position γ to the carboxy group. CHEBI:33707 gamma-amino acid When two or more amino acids combine to form a peptide, the elements of water are removed, and what remains of each amino acid is called an amino-acid residue. CHEBI:33708 amino-acid residue A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:33709 amino acid An amino-acid residue derived from an α-amino acid. CHEBI:33710 alpha-amino-acid residue CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation CHEBI:33720 carbohydrate acid CHEBI:33721 carbohydrate acid anion A cluster is a number of metal centres grouped close together which can have direct metal bonding interactions or interactions through a bridging ligand, but are not necessarily held together by these interactions. CHEBI:33731 cluster CHEBI:33732 homonuclear cluster CHEBI:33734 polyboron hydride CHEBI:33735 polyboron cluster CHEBI:3374 capsaicin CHEBI:33741 chromium group molecular entity CHEBI:33743 manganese group molecular entity CHEBI:33744 iron group molecular entity CHEBI:33745 copper group molecular entity CHEBI:33746 vanadium group molecular entity CHEBI:33747 nickel group molecular entity CHEBI:33748 nickel molecular entity CHEBI:33749 platinum molecular entity CHEBI:33767 cobalt group molecular entity CHEBI:33768 titanium group molecular entity CHEBI:33780 beryllium molecular entity CHEBI:33791 canonical nucleoside residue CHEBI:33792 canonical ribonucleoside residue CHEBI:33793 canonical deoxyribonucleoside residue CHEBI:33798 tetraric acid anion A <small>L</small>-proline derivative in which <small>L</small>-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2<i>S</i>)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. CHEBI:3380 captopril The stable isotope of oxygen with relative atomic mass 17.999160 and 0.205 atom percent natural abundance. CHEBI:33815 oxygen-18 atom An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound Alkenols; the term refers specifically to vinylic alcohols, which have the structure HOCR'=CR<small>₂</small>. Enols are tautomeric with aldehydes (R' = H) or ketones (R' ≠ H). CHEBI:33823 enol Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (‒C=) and/or vinylene (‒CH=CH‒) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous π-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane π-electrons corresponding to the Hückel rule (4<em>n</em>+2). CHEBI:33833 heteroarene CHEBI:33836 benzenoid aromatic compound Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. CHEBI:33837 conjugated protein An <em>N</em>-glycosyl compound that has both a nucleobase, normally adenine, guanine, xanthine, thymine, cytosine or uracil, and either a ribose or deoxyribose as functional parents. CHEBI:33838 nucleoside A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. CHEBI:33839 macromolecule CHEBI:33842 aromatic annulene A monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. CHEBI:33847 monocyclic arene A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. CHEBI:33848 polycyclic arene Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. CHEBI:33853 phenols Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. CHEBI:33854 aromatic alcohol Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety. CHEBI:33855 arenecarbaldehyde An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring. CHEBI:33856 aromatic amino acid Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. CHEBI:33857 aromatic primary alcohol Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. CHEBI:33859 aromatic carboxylic acid An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. CHEBI:33860 aromatic amine CHEBI:33861 transition element coordination entity CHEBI:33862 platinum coordination entity A dibenzoazepine that is 5<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>f</em>]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. CHEBI:3387 carbamazepine CHEBI:33888 cobalt molecular entity CHEBI:33890 cobalt coordination entity CHEBI:33892 iron coordination entity A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. CHEBI:33893 reagent A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. CHEBI:3390 carbaryl A substance used to destroy pests of the phylum <em>Mollusca</em>. CHEBI:33904 molluscicide CHEBI:33906 cobalt corrinoid CHEBI:33909 metallotetrapyrrole Dihydroporphyrin compounds where saturated carbon atoms are located at the nonfused carbon atoms of one of the pyrrole rings. CHEBI:33910 chlorins A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C‒ groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking α positions. CHEBI:33913 corrinoid CHEBI:33914 aldotriose A pentose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. CHEBI:33916 aldopentose A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. CHEBI:33917 aldohexose A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls <em>Ascomycetes</em>, <em>Fungi Imperfecti</em>, and <em>Basidiomycetes</em> on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables. CHEBI:3392 carbendazim Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. CHEBI:33937 macronutrient A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of <em>N</em>-ethyl-2-hydroxypropanamide. CHEBI:3394 carbetamide Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, <small>D</small>- and <small>L</small>-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature. CHEBI:33942 ribose CHEBI:33958 halide salt Organometallic coordination compounds in which one atom of a transition metal such as iron, ruthenium or osmium is bonded to and only to the face of two cyclopentadienyl [η<small>^5</small>-(C<small>₅</small>H<small>₅</small>)] ligands which lie in parallel planes. The term should not be used for analogues having rings other than cyclopentadienyl as ligands. CHEBI:33963 metallocene CHEBI:33964 silver molecular entity CHEBI:33966 elemental silver CHEBI:33968 silver salt CHEBI:33969 gold molecular entity CHEBI:33970 elemental gold CHEBI:33971 gold coordination entity CHEBI:33973 elemental magnesium CHEBI:33977 metallic base CHEBI:33978 alkali metal hydroxide CHEBI:33983 deoxymannose Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. 6-Deoxygalactose Fucose CHEBI:33984 fucose 6-Deoxygalactose KEGG_COMPOUND Fucose KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:33988 caesium hydroxide CHEBI:33989 alkaline earth hydroxide CHEBI:34024 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34031 1,1-dichloroethene CHEBI:34036 1,2,3-Trichloropropane A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in <em>Centaurium erythraea</em>. CHEBI:34037 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. CHEBI:34039 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are <em>ortho</em> to each other. CHEBI:34043 1,2-phenylenediamine CHEBI:34044 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment. CHEBI:3405 carboxin CHEBI:34053 1,2-dinitrobenzene CHEBI:34066 1,6-Dinitropyrene CHEBI:34069 1,8-Dinitropyrene A 3-oxo Δ<small>^4</small>-steroid that is progesterone which has been oxidised to introduce a double bond between positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:34073 Delta(1)-progesterone A mononitronaphthalene substituted by a nitro group at position 1. CHEBI:34104 1-nitronaphthalene A nitroarene that is pyrene substituted at the 1-position by a nitro group. A by-product of combustion, it is the predominant nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emitted in a diesel engine. CHEBI:34107 1-nitropyrene A hexachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2, 3, and 5 positions of each of the benzene rings are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34197 2,2',3,3',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34199 2,2',3,3',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34202 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl A hexachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both of the phenyl rings are substituted at positons 2, 4, and 6 by chlorines. CHEBI:34203 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines. CHEBI:34204 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, 5, and 2' are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34205 2,2',4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34206 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl A trichlorobiphenyl that is 1,4-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a 3-chlorophenyl group. CHEBI:34215 2,3',5-trichlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34216 2,3,3',4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are positions at positions 2, 3, 4, and 4'. CHEBI:34218 2,3,4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34219 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34221 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl A trichlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 4 on one of the benzene rings are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34222 2,3,4-trichlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, 5, and 6. CHEBI:34224 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl A trichlorobiphenyl that is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:34225 2,3,6-trichlorobiphenyl A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. CHEBI:34232 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a <em>p</em>-chlorophenyl group. CHEBI:34233 2,4,4',6-tetrachlorobiphenyl An aminotoluene that is <em>para</em>-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2. CHEBI:34237 2,4-diaminotoluene A quaternary ammonium ion that is the the conjugate acid of carnitine. CHEBI:3424 carnitinium A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4. CHEBI:34241 2,4-xylenol A dichlorobiphenyl that is <em>p</em>-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:34246 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by <em>tert</em>-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. CHEBI:34247 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:34249 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6. CHEBI:34251 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene CHEBI:34258 2-Aminoanthraquinone A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. CHEBI:34283 oxybenzone 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group. CHEBI:34292 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol A member of the class of phenols that is phenol carrying a butan-2-yl group at position 2. CHEBI:34303 2-sec-butylphenol A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-<em>sec</em>-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid. CHEBI:34304 fenobucarb A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions. CHEBI:34317 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34320 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine A dichlorobiphenyl that is 1,3-dichlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:34326 3,5-dichlorobiphenyl A pentacyclic <em>ortho</em>- and <em>peri</em>-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[<em>ij</em>]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. CHEBI:34342 3-methylcholanthrene A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae <em>Chondrus crispus</em>, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss). CHEBI:3435 carrageenan A dichlorobiphenyl carrying chloro groups at positions 4 and 4' respectively. CHEBI:34364 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl CHEBI:34399 4-Chloronitrobenzene A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the <em>para</em>- position by an octyl group. CHEBI:34432 4-octylphenol A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is <em>para</em>-substituted with a nonyl group. CHEBI:34440 4-nonylphenol A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group. CHEBI:34520 acephate CHEBI:34556 bendiocarb CHEBI:34572 allethrin CHEBI:34573 Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether A bisphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. CHEBI:34575 bisphenol F A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water. CHEBI:34591 bromodichloromethane CHEBI:34595 Butylbenzyl phthalate A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. CHEBI:34608 captan CHEBI:34611 carbofuran A dithioloquinoxaline that results from the formal condensation of 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiol with phosgene. It has been used as a fungicide and acaricide for the control of mites and powdery mildew on citrus, vegetables, and walnuts, but is not approved for use in the EU. CHEBI:34620 quinomethionate CHEBI:34623 chlordane CHEBI:34624 Chloroacetyl chloride CHEBI:34626 Chlorobenzilate An organic thiophosphate that is <em>O</em>,<em>O</em>-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. CHEBI:34631 chlorpyrifos An organic thiophosphate that is <em>O</em>,<em>O</em>-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. CHEBI:34632 chlorpyrifos-methyl An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group. CHEBI:34656 cumene A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:34666 decachlorobiphenyl A polymer composed of repeating (1→6)-α-linked anhydroglucose sulfate units. CHEBI:34674 dextran sulfate A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4. CHEBI:34682 diazinon A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans. CHEBI:34687 dibutyl phthalate An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. CHEBI:34690 dichlorvos A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:34692 dicofol CHEBI:34695 Dicyclopentadiene An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin. CHEBI:34696 dieldrin The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:34698 diethyl phthalate The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid. CHEBI:34699 diethyl sulfate A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group. CHEBI:34703 diflubenzuron A monocarboxylic acid amide that is <em>N</em>-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group. CHEBI:34714 dimethoate A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-dinoseb. CHEBI:34719 dinoseb An <small>L</small>-proline derivative that is <small>L</small>-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal <em>Pseudo-nitzschia</em>. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). CHEBI:34727 domoic acid CHEBI:34733 EPN A dication whose structure comprises a pentane backbone linking two 1-methylpyrrolidinium groups; a nicotinic antagonist used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension. CHEBI:347401 pentolinium ion CHEBI:34741 equol CHEBI:34750 Ethylenethiourea CHEBI:34760 fensulfothion An organic thiophosphate that is <em>O</em>,<em>O</em>-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities. CHEBI:34761 fenthion An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. CHEBI:34768 furfural The dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons. CHEBI:34779 glyoxal A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1<em>H</em>-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations. CHEBI:34785 heptachlor CHEBI:34786 Heptachlor epoxide A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2<i>R</i>)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. CHEBI:3479 cefadroxil A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. CHEBI:34800 isophorone A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. CHEBI:34833 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component. CHEBI:34840 methyl methacrylate A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4<em>H</em>)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, <em>tert</em>-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3. CHEBI:34846 metribuzin A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> and from <em>Penicillium brevicompactum</em>, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. CHEBI:34848 mevastatin CHEBI:34852 mirex A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. CHEBI:348530 thiouracil An organic heteromonocyclic compound whose six-membered ring contains four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom that lies opposite to each other; the parent compound of the morpholine family. CHEBI:34856 morpholine A nitrosamine that is <em>N</em>-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the <em>N</em>-atom. CHEBI:34873 N-nitrosodiethylamine CHEBI:34875 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine CHEBI:34877 N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidalole which is substituted at position 2 by a (methoxycarbonyl)amino group and at position 5 by a 2-thienoyl group. It is an antineoplastic agent that exerts its effect by depolymerising microtubules. CHEBI:34892 nocodazole An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two <em>N</em>-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. CHEBI:34905 paraquat A <em>C</em>-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. CHEBI:34908 pentachloronitrobenzene A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and the cyclopropane ring is substituted with a 2,2-dichlorovinyl group and with <em>gem</em>-dimethyl groups. CHEBI:34911 permethrin CHEBI:34914 phenolphthalein CHEBI:34916 phenothrin A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops. CHEBI:34922 picloram A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. CHEBI:3493 cefoperazone A methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the one of the hydrogens of each amino group is substituted by an isopropyl group. CHEBI:34934 prometon A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops. CHEBI:34935 propyzamide A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group. CHEBI:34938 propoxur CHEBI:34956 ruthenium red CHEBI:35005 tetrachlorvinphos CHEBI:35006 Tetracycline hydrochloride An <em>ortho</em>-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene. CHEBI:35008 tetralin CHEBI:35011 Thiobencarb A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid. CHEBI:35019 tributyl phosphate A tertiary amine that is ammonia in which each hydrogen atom is substituted by an ethyl group. CHEBI:35026 triethylamine A substituted aniline that is <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide. CHEBI:35027 trifluralin An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol. CHEBI:35033 triphenyl phosphate An organotin compound that is triphenylstannane in which the hydrogen attached to tin is replaced by a chloro group. A fungicide used to control blights on potatoes, leaf spot diseases on sugar beet and anthracnose on beans. CHEBI:35036 fentin chloride A trialkyl phosphate in which the alkyl group specified is 2-butoxyethyl. CHEBI:35038 tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate An ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of serotonin; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:350546 serotonin(1+) CHEBI:35060 alpha-Methylstyrene A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and {[(2<i>Z</i>)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-{[(2-carboxypropan-2-yl)oxy]imino}acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. CHEBI:3508 ceftazidime Strontium CHEBI:35104 strontium(2+) Strontium KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula N<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_<em>n</em>+2</small>. CHEBI:35107 azane CHEBI:35113 elemental mercury CHEBI:35115 elemental manganese CHEBI:35117 manganese coordination entity CHEBI:35131 aldose phosphate CHEBI:35149 magnesium hydroxide CHEBI:35150 calcium hydroxide CHEBI:35155 elemental calcium CHEBI:35156 calcium salt CHEBI:35162 acyclic carotene CHEBI:35163 cyclic carotene CHEBI:35166 vanadium coordination entity A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of two protons from vanadic acid. CHEBI:35168 hydrogenvanadate A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of vanadic acid where one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. CHEBI:35169 dihydrogenvanadate CHEBI:35174 vanadium oxide CHEBI:35175 sulfate salt An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion in which the oxo group is located at the 2-position. CHEBI:35179 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH<small>₂</small>=C(CH<small>₃</small>)CH=CH<small>₂</small>]. CHEBI:35186 terpene A C<small>₁₀</small> terpene. CHEBI:35187 monoterpene A C<small>₅</small> terpene. CHEBI:35188 hemiterpene A C<small>₁₅</small> terpene. CHEBI:35189 sesquiterpene A C<small>₂₀</small> terpene. CHEBI:35190 diterpene A C<small>₃₀</small> terpene. CHEBI:35191 triterpene A C<small>₄₀</small> terpene. CHEBI:35193 tetraterpene A hemiterpene with the formula CH<small>₂</small>=C(CH<small>₃</small>)CH=CH<small>₂</small>; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. CHEBI:35194 isoprene A substance which lowers the surface tension of the medium in which it is dissolved, and/or the interfacial tension with other phases, and, accordingly, is positively adsorbed at the liquid/vapour and/or at other interfaces. CHEBI:35195 surfactant CHEBI:35196 nitrogen oxide CHEBI:35202 molybdenum coordination entity A role played by a foreign substance mixed with or attached to a given substance to enable the distribution or location of the latter to be determined subsequently. CHEBI:35204 tracer A physical tracer is one that is attached by physical means to the object being traced. CHEBI:35208 physical tracer A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer. CHEBI:35209 label A depsipeptide in which the amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues are connected in a ring. CHEBI:35213 cyclodepsipeptide Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of an anthocyanidin cation. CHEBI:35218 anthocyanin cation CHEBI:35219 plant growth retardant A substance which is structurally similar to a metabolite but which competes with it or replaces it, and so prevents or reduces its normal utilization. CHEBI:35221 antimetabolite A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. CHEBI:35222 inhibitor A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy change in the reaction. CHEBI:35223 catalyst A small molecule which increases (activator) or decreases (inhibitor) the activity of an (allosteric) enzyme by binding to the enzyme at the regulatory site (which is different from the substrate-binding catalytic site). CHEBI:35224 effector A mononitrotoluene that consists of toluene bearing a nitro substituent at the 4-position. 1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene CHEBI:35227 4-nitrotoluene 1-Methyl-4-nitrobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND A fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas which has formed over many years through the decomposition of deposited vegetation which was under extreme pressure of an overburden of earth. CHEBI:35230 fossil fuel CHEBI:35235 L-cysteine zwitterion CHEBI:35236 D-cysteine zwitterion CHEBI:35237 cysteine zwitterion The zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group. CHEBI:35238 amino-acid zwitterion An amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of serine. CHEBI:35243 serine zwitterion A serine zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of <small>D</small>-serine. CHEBI:35247 D-serine zwitterion A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Chloroform CHEBI:35255 chloroform Chloroform KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:35259 benzofurans A derivative of ammonium, NH<small>₄</small><small>^+</small>, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. CHEBI:35267 quaternary ammonium ion Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH<small>₄</small><small>^+</small>)Y<small>^−</small>, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. CHEBI:35273 quaternary ammonium salt A derivative of ammonium, NH<small>₄</small><small>^+</small>, in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and a S atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-S bond. CHEBI:35275 S-glycosyl compound Compounds (NH<small>₄</small><small>^+</small>)Y<small>^−</small> and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups. CHEBI:35276 ammonium compound Neutral molecules having charge-separated forms with an onium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. CHEBI:35281 onium betaine Any neutral molecule having charge-separated forms with a quaternary ammonium atom which bears no hydrogen atoms and that is not adjacent to the anionic atom. CHEBI:35284 ammonium betaine Cations of structure R<small>₂</small>C=N<small>^+</small>R<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:35286 iminium ion A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. CHEBI:35287 acylcholine A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene CHEBI:35290 1,2-dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene KEGG_COMPOUND A retinoate that is the conjugate base of <i>all</i>-<i>trans</i>-retinoic acid. CHEBI:35291 all-trans-retinoate A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other. CHEBI:35293 fused compound A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. CHEBI:35294 carbopolycyclic compound CHEBI:35295 homopolycyclic compound CHEBI:35296 ortho-fused polycyclic arene A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. CHEBI:35297 acene An <em>ortho</em>-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon comprising three fused benzene rings. ANTHRACENE Anthracene CHEBI:35298 anthracene ANTHRACENE PDBeChem Anthracene KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:35300 ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene CHEBI:35310 carotenone CHEBI:35312 pentoside CHEBI:35313 hexoside CHEBI:35314 glycosiduronic acid CHEBI:35315 deoxy hexoside CHEBI:35324 hydrazinium(1+) CHEBI:35325 hydrazinium(2+) Any drug that enhances the activity of the central nervous system. CHEBI:35337 central nervous system stimulant Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. CHEBI:35338 amphetamines A hydrochloride having methamphetamine as the base component. CHEBI:35340 methamphetamine hydrochloride Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[<em>a</em>]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. CHEBI:35341 steroid The α-stereoisomer of 17-hydroxy steroid. CHEBI:35342 17alpha-hydroxy steroid A 17-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 17 has a β-configuration. CHEBI:35343 17beta-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:35344 21-hydroxy steroid Any 11-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has β- configuration. CHEBI:35346 11beta-hydroxy steroid A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has β- configuration. CHEBI:35348 3beta-sterol CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound An imide in which the two acyl substituents on nitrogen are carboacyl groups. CHEBI:35356 dicarboximide An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)<small>₂</small>NR'<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:35358 sulfonamide Compounds having the structure RC(=NR)NR<small>₂</small>. The term is used as a suffix in systematic nomenclature to denote the ‒C(=NH)NH<small>₂</small> group including its carbon atom. CHEBI:35359 carboxamidine Compounds derived from oxoacids R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) by replacing ‒OH by ‒NRNR<small>₂</small> (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). CHEBI:35362 hydrazide A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups. CHEBI:35363 carbohydrazide Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. CHEBI:35366 fatty acid CHEBI:35367 thiocarboxylic acid anion Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]<small>_<em>n</em></small>C(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H‒[CHOH]<small>_<em>n</em></small>‒C(=O)[CHOH]<small>_<em>m</em></small>‒H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of aspartic acid. CHEBI:35391 aspartate(1-) A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of <small>D</small>- and <small>L</small>-tartrate(1−). CHEBI:35397 DL-tartrate(1-) CHEBI:35398 L-tartrate(1-) CHEBI:35399 D-tartrate(1-) A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from <em>Cephalotaxus harringtonia</em>. CHEBI:3540 cephalotaxine CHEBI:35401 chromium oxoacid CHEBI:35402 chromium oxoanion CHEBI:35403 chromium coordination entity A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid. CHEBI:35404 chromate(2-) CHEBI:35405 transition element oxoanion An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. CHEBI:35406 oxoanion A primary diamine is a compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing two hydrogen atoms by amino groups. CHEBI:35410 primary diamine A primary diamine that is ethane or a higher alkane in which a hydrogen of each of the terminal methyl groups has been replaced by an amino group. H<small>₂</small>NCH<small>₂</small>(CH<small>₂</small>)<small>_n</small>CH<small>₂</small>NH<small>₂</small>, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc. CHEBI:35411 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine CHEBI:35426 ortho-fused bicyclic arene CHEBI:35427 ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:35428 ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon Any glucoside in which the glycoside group is derived from <small>D</small>-glucose. CHEBI:35436 D-glucoside CHEBI:35438 nickel coordination entity A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of infectious diseases. CHEBI:35441 antiinfective agent A substance used to treat or prevent parasitic infections. CHEBI:35442 antiparasitic agent Substance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths). CHEBI:35443 anthelminthic drug A substance used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. CHEBI:35444 antinematodal drug A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5. CHEBI:35445 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups. CHEBI:35446 chlorobiphenyl A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl<small>^−</small> ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding. CHEBI:35456 cadmium dichloride An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1). CHEBI:35457 EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor CHEBI:35467 phosphorodiamide CHEBI:35468 triazene Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. CHEBI:35469 antidepressant A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. CHEBI:35470 central nervous system drug A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. CHEBI:35471 psychotropic drug A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drug A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour. CHEBI:35473 tranquilizing drug Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. CHEBI:35474 anxiolytic drug An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. CHEBI:35475 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic agent Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. CHEBI:35477 antimanic drug CHEBI:35478 lithium salt CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. CHEBI:35480 analgesic A drug that has principally analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Non-narcotic analgesics do not bind to opioid receptors. CHEBI:35481 non-narcotic analgesic A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. CHEBI:35482 opioid analgesic CHEBI:35484 phthalate ester Compounds of the general formula ROOC-CH=CH-COOR' where R and R' are organyl groups CHEBI:35486 maleate ester An EC 1.2.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor aldehyde/oxo group with NAD<small>^+</small> or NADP<small>^+</small> as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD<small>^+</small>), EC 1.2.1.3. CHEBI:35487 EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. CHEBI:35488 central nervous system depressant Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups. CHEBI:35489 organic disulfide A drug that prevents or reduces fever by lowering the body temperature from a raised state. An antipyretic will not affect the normal body temperature if one does not have fever. Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override an interleukin-induced increase in temperature. The body will then work to lower the temperature and the result is a reduction in fever. CHEBI:35493 antipyretic Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. CHEBI:35496 fluorobenzenes A compound which inhibits or antagonises the biosynthesis or actions of androgens. CHEBI:35497 androgen antagonist An agent that promotes the excretion of urine through its effects on kidney function. CHEBI:35498 diuretic Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking. CHEBI:35499 hallucinogen CHEBI:35500 1,4-benzodiazepinone An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds. CHEBI:35504 addition compound An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound. CHEBI:35505 hydrate CHEBI:35506 alkaloid fundamental parent CHEBI:35507 natural product fundamental parent CHEBI:35508 steroid fundamental parent CHEBI:35509 androstane CHEBI:35510 aluminium salt CHEBI:35512 ergostane The 5α-stereoisomer of cholestane. CHEBI:35515 5alpha-cholestane CHEBI:35516 cholestane CHEBI:35517 5beta-cholestane CHEBI:35519 cholane An agent that selectively binds to and activates β-adrenergic receptors. CHEBI:35522 beta-adrenergic agonist An agent that causes an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. CHEBI:35523 bronchodilator agent A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. CHEBI:35524 sympathomimetic agent A drug which lowers the blood glucose level. CHEBI:35526 hypoglycemic agent An agent that binds to but does not activate β-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous β-adrenergic agonists. β-Adrenergic antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches and anxiety. CHEBI:35530 beta-adrenergic antagonist CHEBI:35533 propanolamine CHEBI:35542 5beta-cardanolide CHEBI:35543 cardanolide A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. CHEBI:35544 EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor CHEBI:35545 bipyridine A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated decanoic acid. CHEBI:35546 perfluorodecanoic acid A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated heptanoic acid. CHEBI:35547 perfluoroheptanoic acid A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. CHEBI:35549 perfluorooctanoic acid CHEBI:35550 1H-1,2,4-triazole Any organofluorine compound that is the perfluorinated derivative of any alkanoic acid. CHEBI:35551 fluoroalkanoic acid CHEBI:35552 heterocyclic organic fundamental parent A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug CHEBI:35555 mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'. CHEBI:35556 pyrrole That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 4. CHEBI:35557 3H-pyrrole That one of the three tautomers of pyrrole which has the double bonds at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:35558 2H-pyrrole A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C<small>₄</small>H<small>₄</small>O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31°C) colourless liquid. Furan CHEBI:35559 furan Furan KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:35560 1,2,4-triazole CHEBI:35561 3H-1,2,4-triazole Any molecular entity that consists of a ring having (formally) the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds. CHEBI:35568 mancude ring An agent that selectively binds to and activates α-adrenergic receptors. CHEBI:35569 alpha-adrenergic agonist CHEBI:35570 mancude organic heterobicyclic parent CHEBI:35571 mancude organic heterocyclic parent CHEBI:35573 organic mancude parent (3<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7<i>E</i>)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. CHEBI:3558 cerivastatin CHEBI:35580 N-oxide A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines. CHEBI:35584 purine The 1<em>H</em>-tautomer of purine. CHEBI:35586 1H-purine The 3<em>H</em>-tautomer of purine. CHEBI:35588 3H-purine The 9<em>H</em>-tautomer of purine. CHEBI:35589 9H-purine CHEBI:35592 2H-pyran CHEBI:35593 4H-pyran CHEBI:35594 pyran A simplest member of the class of chromene in which the heterocyclic pyran ring has a double bond between positions 3 and 4. CHEBI:35601 2H-chromene CHEBI:35602 chromene A simplest member of the class of chromene in which the heterocyclic pyran ring has a double bond between positions 2 and 3. CHEBI:35603 4H-chromene A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula C<small>_<em>x</em></small>O<small>_<em>y</em></small><small>^{<em>n</em>−</small>} for some integers <em>x</em>, <em>y</em> and <em>n</em>. CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid An EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor which interferes with the activity of the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), EC 3.1.3.48, involved in the removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. CHEBI:35608 EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. CHEBI:3561 cetirizine A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent CHEBI:35615 tropane A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food. CHEBI:35617 flavouring agent Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. CHEBI:35618 aromatic ether A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent CHEBI:35622 thiazolidines A drug used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. CHEBI:35623 anticonvulsant An azaspiro compound is a spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is a nitrogen heterocyle. CHEBI:35624 azaspiro compound An EC 3.5.2.* (non-peptide cyclic amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of β-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6). CHEBI:35625 EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. CHEBI:35627 beta-lactam A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position. CHEBI:35629 naphthylacetic acid CHEBI:35631 yohimban CHEBI:35633 yohimbic acid An EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH<small>₂</small> with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2). CHEBI:35634 EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor CHEBI:35636 17alpha-yohimbol CHEBI:35637 17-yohimbol Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. CHEBI:35640 adrenergic uptake inhibitor CHEBI:35641 dibenzannulene The zwitterion formed from 5-aminolevulinic acid by transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species present at physiological pH. CHEBI:356416 5-ammoniolevulinate CHEBI:35642 dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene CHEBI:35649 morphinan An inhibitor of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. CHEBI:35660 HIV protease inhibitor CHEBI:35662 terpenoid fundamental parent Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD<small>^+</small> or NADP<small>^+</small> acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme. CHEBI:35664 EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor CHEBI:35666 thiopurine Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. CHEBI:35674 antihypertensive agent A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to an azepine ring. CHEBI:35676 benzazepine A drug that binds to and activates histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications, histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically. CHEBI:35678 histamine agonist A substance used to treat hyperlipidemia (an excess of lipids in the blood). CHEBI:35679 antilipemic drug A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, ‒OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. CHEBI:35681 secondary alcohol A member of the class of naphthols carrying a single hydroxy substituent at C-1 or C-2. A closed class. CHEBI:35682 naphthol Any organic sulfide in which the sulfur is attached to at least one aromatic group. CHEBI:35683 aryl sulfide An agent used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals. CHEBI:35684 antiplatyhelmintic drug A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. CHEBI:35687 butan-2-ol A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a carboxy group at unspecified position. CHEBI:35688 benzimidazolecarboxylic acid An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains four N atoms and one C atom. CHEBI:35689 tetrazoles CHEBI:35690 cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate(2-) CHEBI:35691 cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. CHEBI:35692 dicarboxylic acid CHEBI:35693 dicarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35694 cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate(1-) Any dicarboxylic acid anion that is a monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of only one of the carboxy groups of the dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:35695 dicarboxylic acid monoanion A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. CHEBI:35696 cobalt dichloride CHEBI:35698 cobalt salt A compound formally derived from an oxoacid R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. CHEBI:35701 ester An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. Ether CHEBI:35702 diethyl ether Ether KEGG_COMPOUND A xenobiotic (Greek, <em>xenos</em> "foreign"; <em>bios</em> "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means. Xenobiotic CHEBI:35703 xenobiotic Xenobiotic KEGG_COMPOUND An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response. CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent A monoterpene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6. CHEBI:35710 pinane A polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon. CHEBI:35713 polycyclic alkane A compound having a nitro group, ‒NO<small>₂</small> (free valence on nitrogen), which may be attached to carbon, nitrogen (as in nitramines), or oxygen (as in nitrates), among other elements (in the absence of specification, <em>C</em>-nitro compounds are usually implied). CHEBI:35715 nitro compound A nitro compound having the nitro group (‒NO<small>₂</small>) attached to a carbon atom. CHEBI:35716 C-nitro compound A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety. CHEBI:35717 sedative An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. CHEBI:35718 antifungal agent H<small>₂</small>NS(=O)<small>₂</small>OH (sulfamic acid) and its <em>N</em>-hydrocarbyl derivatives. CHEBI:35719 sulfamic acids A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets. CHEBI:35720 enrofloxacin CHEBI:35722 sulfated glycosaminoglycan CHEBI:35724 carbohydrate sulfate Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of propan-2-ol. CHEBI:35725 isopropyl ester An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. CHEBI:35727 triazoles CHEBI:35731 osmium coordination entity CHEBI:35732 osmium molecular entity CHEBI:35733 ruthenium coordination entity CHEBI:35734 ruthenium molecular entity CHEBI:35735 dicarboxylic acid monoamide Compounds in which one oxygen of a carboxy group has been replaced by divalent sulfur; RC(=O)SH or RC(=S)OH. CHEBI:35737 monothiocarboxylic acid CHEBI:35740 liposaccharide Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. CHEBI:35741 glycerolipid An oxoacid containing four carboxy groups. CHEBI:35742 tetracarboxylic acid Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of carbon atoms. CHEBI:35744 carbocyclic fatty acid An aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxylic acid group of its corresponding fatty acid, having a carbonyl group at one end of the carbon chain. CHEBI:35746 fatty aldehyde A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid. CHEBI:35748 fatty acid ester Any anion of a tricarboxylic acid formed by deprotonation of at least one carboxy group. CHEBI:35753 tricarboxylic acid anion Any anion of a tetracarboxylic acid formed by deprotonation of one or more carboxy groups. CHEBI:35754 tetracarboxylic acid anion A carboxylic acid anion formed when the carboxy group of a monocarboxylic acid is deprotonated. CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35776 arsenic oxoanion CHEBI:35777 boron oxide CHEBI:35779 dicarboxylic acid diamide A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. CHEBI:35780 phosphate ion CHEBI:35782 diphosphate ion CHEBI:35783 bornane Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds. CHEBI:35785 sphingoid CHEBI:35788 seco-steroid CHEBI:35789 oxo steroid An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. CHEBI:35790 oxazole Compounds having the nitroso group, ‒NO, attached to carbon, or to another element, most commonly nitrogen or oxygen. CHEBI:35800 nitroso compound CHEBI:35801 nitroso group <em>N</em>-Nitroso amines, compounds of the structure R<small>₂</small>NNO. Compounds RNHNO are not ordinarily isolable, but they, too, are nitrosamines. The name is a contraction of <em>N</em>-nitrosoamine and, as such, does not require the <em>N</em> locant. CHEBI:35803 nitrosamine A tricarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of citric acid, obtained by deprotonation of one of the three carboxy groups. CHEBI:35804 citrate(1-) CHEBI:35807 N-nitrosodimethylamine A tricarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of two of the three carboxy groups of citric acid. CHEBI:35808 citrate(2-) A substance that suppresses <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em>, ameliorates the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduces the incidence and severity of leprous reactions. CHEBI:35816 leprostatic drug An agent useful in the treatment or prevention of coccidiosis in man or animals. CHEBI:35818 coccidiostat Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids. CHEBI:35819 branched-chain fatty acid Any antimicrobial drug which is used to treat or prevent protozoal infections. CHEBI:35820 antiprotozoal drug A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels. CHEBI:35821 anticholesteremic drug CHEBI:35822 arsenic hydride The saturated hydrides of tervalent arsenic, having the general formula As<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_<em>n</em>+2</small>. CHEBI:35823 arsanes CHEBI:35826 elemental arsenic CHEBI:35827 monoatomic arsenic CHEBI:35828 arsenic(3+) A gout suppressant that acts directly on the renal tubule to increase the excretion of uric acid, thus reducing its concentrations in plasma. CHEBI:35841 uricosuric drug A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. CHEBI:35842 antirheumatic drug H<small>₃</small>As=O and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. CHEBI:35843 arsine oxides A drug that increases uric acid excretion by the kidney (uricosuric drug), decreases uric acid production (antihyperuricemic), or alleviates the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout. CHEBI:35845 gout suppressant A drug used for its effect on the kidneys' regulation of body fluid composition and volume. CHEBI:35846 renal agent An organosulfur compound having the structure RS(=O)<small>₂</small>R (R ≠ H). CHEBI:35850 sulfone A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes. CHEBI:35856 lipoxygenase inhibitor CHEBI:35857 benzothiophene CHEBI:35858 1-benzothiophene Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:35868 hydroxy monocarboxylic acid Any monocarboxylic acid having at least one additional oxo functional group. CHEBI:35871 oxo monocarboxylic acid Anhydrides derived from carboxylic acids. CHEBI:35873 carboxylic anhydride CHEBI:35875 imidazopyrimidine The saturated hydrides of tervalent phosphorus having the general formula P<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_<em>n</em>+2</small>. CHEBI:35878 phosphanes CHEBI:35879 phosphorus hydride CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride Phosphane (PH<small>₃</small>) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH<small>₂</small>, R<small>₂</small>PH, R<small>₃</small>P (R ≠ H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane. CHEBI:35883 phosphine CHEBI:35902 oxo monocarboxylic acid anion Any carboxylic acid anion containing at least one oxo group. CHEBI:35903 oxo carboxylic acid anion A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of glutaric acid. CHEBI:35907 glutarate(1-) Any monocarboxylic acid having a 2-oxo substituent. CHEBI:35910 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol. CHEBI:35915 sterol ester A monosubstitution product of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH. CHEBI:35923 hydroperoxide Monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide HOOH, having the skeleton ROOH, in which R is any organyl group. CHEBI:35924 peroxol A non-proteinogenic amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position δ to the carboxy group. CHEBI:35931 delta-amino acid A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An α-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). CHEBI:35932 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid An agent that has an affinity for serotonin receptors and is able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. Serotonin agonists are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of migraine disorders. CHEBI:35941 serotonergic agonist A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. CHEBI:35942 neurotransmitter agent CHEBI:35950 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid CHEBI:35952 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group β to the carboxy group. CHEBI:35969 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid Any hydroxy monocarboxylic acid carrying at least two hydroxy groups. CHEBI:35972 dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion having the oxo group located at the 3-position (R = H or organyl group). CHEBI:35973 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35974 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35975 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35983 7-oxo monocarboxylic acid Any amino acid carrying two amino groups. CHEBI:35987 diamino acid A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are not adjacent to each other. CHEBI:35990 bridged compound Natural and synthetic antibiotics containing the 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one structure, generally assumed to have the 5<i>R</i> configuration unless otherwise specified. CHEBI:35992 penams Any C<small>₂₂</small> polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. CHEBI:36005 docosahexaenoic acid Any straight-chain, C<small>₂₀</small> polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. CHEBI:36006 icosapentaenoic acid A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. CHEBI:36009 omega-6 fatty acid A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group. CHEBI:36014 chloromethane A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. CHEBI:36015 1,1,1-trichloroethane A chloroalkane that is ethane in which one or more of the hydrogens is replaced by chlorine. CHEBI:36016 chloroethanes A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2. CHEBI:36018 1,1,2-trichloroethane An octadecenoic acid with a double bond at C-9. CHEBI:36021 octadec-9-enoic acid A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2. CHEBI:36026 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Any stilbenoid with at least one phenolic group. CHEBI:36027 stilbenol CHEBI:36029 butenoate A 20-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds at unspecified positions. CHEBI:36033 icosatetraenoic acid A drug used to treat or prevent microbial infections. CHEBI:36043 antimicrobial drug A substance used in the prophylaxis or therapy of virus diseases. CHEBI:36044 antiviral drug A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. CHEBI:36047 antibacterial drug A drug used to treat infestations with arthropods of the subclass <em>Acari</em> (mites and ticks). CHEBI:36053 acaricide drug Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids. CHEBI:36054 benzoate ester A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof. CHEBI:36055 furoic acid CHEBI:36056 furancarboxylate Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:36059 hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion A drug that stimulates contraction of the myometrium. Oxytocics are used to induce labour, obstetric at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion haemorrhage, and to assess foetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (abortifacients). CHEBI:36063 oxytocic CHEBI:36064 taxane CHEBI:36078 cholanoid A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:36080 protein A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of dihydroxybenzoic acid. CHEBI:36084 dihydroxybenzoate CHEBI:36085 trihydroxybenzoate CHEBI:36087 cinnamate ester CHEBI:36093 inorganic chloride CHEBI:36094 organic chloride salt A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromene with a protonated oxygen. CHEBI:36114 chromenylium A member of the class of chromenyliums that is chromenylium with a phenyl substituent at position 2. CHEBI:36121 flavylium CHEBI:36123 cyclitol carboxylic acid The (+)-enantiomer of quinic acid. CHEBI:36124 (+)-quinic acid CHEBI:36125 cyclitol carboxylic acid anion CHEBI:36126 cyclohexenecarboxylate CHEBI:36128 cyclopropanecarboxylate An alicyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure forms part of a terpene skeleton. CHEBI:36130 cyclic terpene ketone A cyclic ketone in which the carbocyclic ring structure which may be saturated or unsaturated, but may not be a benzenoid or other aromatic system. CHEBI:36132 alicyclic ketone Any alicyclic ketone that consists of a cyclopentane skeleton substituted by at least one oxo group. CHEBI:36140 cyclopentanones Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of ‒CH= groups into ‒C(=O)‒ groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). CHEBI:36141 quinone A dicarboxylic acid monoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from one of the carboxylic acid groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid. CHEBI:36149 2-hydroxyglutarate(1-) A C<small>₇</small>, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain. CHEBI:36151 heptenoic acid CHEBI:36180 butenedioate CHEBI:36186 cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid CHEBI:36205 cyclobutanedicarboxylate The α-anomer of lactose. CHEBI:36219 alpha-lactose A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond. CHEBI:36233 disaccharide Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. CHEBI:36234 chenodeoxycholate CHEBI:36235 bile acid anion A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24. CHEBI:36237 cholanic acid CHEBI:36238 5beta-cholanic acid Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is propionic acid. CHEBI:36243 propanoate ester A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid. CHEBI:36244 dicarboxylic acid monoester Members of the class of cholanic acids based on a 5β-cholane skeleton. CHEBI:36248 5beta-cholanic acids Any bile acid conjugated to a functional group that gives additional hydrophilicity or charge to the molecule. Molecules used for conjugation are: glycine, taurine (and other amino acids); sulfuric acid (for which the term ''sulfate'' may be used); glucuronic acid (for which the term ''glucuronate'' may be used); glucose and other uncharged sugars; and coenzyme A. CHEBI:36249 bile acid conjugate An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid. CHEBI:36257 taurocholate The conjugate base of but-2-enoic acid. CHEBI:36258 but-2-enoate CHEBI:36265 transition element oxoacid A salt of a bile acid. CHEBI:36277 bile acid salt CHEBI:36278 cholanic acids A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i> forms; the latter is the more common. CHEBI:36281 caffeic acid CHEBI:36299 tricarboxylic acid monoanion CHEBI:36300 tricarboxylic acid dianion Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. CHEBI:36306 icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid CHEBI:36309 cyclic tetrapyrrole The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health. CHEBI:36313 glycerophosphocholine The 6α,20ξ-stereoisomer of murideoxycholic acid. CHEBI:363227 6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid Unsaturated C<small>₁₈</small> fatty acids and skeletally related compounds. CHEBI:36326 octadecanoid Hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acids, formed in mammalian cells by peroxidation of linoleic acid. CHEBI:36329 HPODE Any member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block. CHEBI:36333 local anaesthetic CHEBI:36334 naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder Trypanosomatida. CHEBI:36335 trypanocidal drug CHEBI:36336 naphthalenesulfonic acid CHEBI:36337 strychnidine Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek λεπτοσ (small, thin). CHEBI:36338 lepton Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek βαρυσ (heavy). CHEBI:36339 baryon Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. CHEBI:36340 fermion Particle of integer spin quantum number following Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons are named after Satyendra Nath Bose. CHEBI:36341 boson A particle smaller than an atom. CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). CHEBI:36343 composite particle Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. CHEBI:36344 hadron A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. CHEBI:36358 polyatomic ion CHEBI:36359 phosphorus oxoacid derivative CHEBI:36360 phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives CHEBI:36361 phosphorous acid CHEBI:36364 alkaline earth salt An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. CHEBI:3638 chloroquine An organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid carrying two chloro substituents at the 2-position. It occurs in nature in seaweed, <em>Asparagopsis taxiformis</em>. Dichloroacetate CHEBI:36386 dichloroacetic acid Dichloroacetate KEGG_COMPOUND A compound derived from an alkene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom. CHEBI:36387 chloroalkene CHEBI:36388 saturated organic heterocyclic parent CHEBI:36389 saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops. CHEBI:3639 chlorothalonil An unsaturated monocyclic hydrocarbon having two endocyclic double bonds. CHEBI:36401 cycloalkadiene A monocyclic hydrocarbon having any number of double bonds. CHEBI:36403 monocyclic olefin A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond. CHEBI:36404 cyclohexene A compound which stimulates anabolism and inhibits catabolism. Anabolic agents stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power. CHEBI:36413 anabolic agent CHEBI:36416 mancude organic heterotricyclic parent A C<small>₁₈</small>, straight-chain, unsaturated long-chain fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of its corresponding octadecatrienoic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. CHEBI:36434 octadecatrienoate The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of mevalonate. CHEBI:36464 (R)-mevalonate CHEBI:36468 polycyclic ether A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylpropanamine moiety. CHEBI:3647 chlorpromazine A cycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a 6-methylheptan-2-yl at position 4. Its skeleton structure is found in many sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids. CHEBI:36480 bisabolane CHEBI:36481 oleanane CHEBI:36488 dammarane The hydrochloride salt of chlorpromazine. CHEBI:3649 chlorpromazine hydrochloride Any of the cerebrosides in which the monosaccharide head group is galactose. CHEBI:36498 galactosylceramide CHEBI:36505 labdane CHEBI:3654 chlorthalidone CHEBI:36560 zinc oxide A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table. CHEBI:36562 main-group coordination entity CHEBI:36563 zinc group coordination entity CHEBI:36565 cadmium coordination entity CHEBI:36566 zinc coordination entity Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound A coordination entity that is coordination complex of a metals with one or more carbon monoxide ligands. CHEBI:36604 metal carbonyl The cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the anhydride of phthalic acid. CHEBI:36605 phthalic anhydride Compounds consisting of two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom acyl‒O‒acyl. CHEBI:36606 acid anhydride Acid anhydrides derived by loss of water between two oxoacid functions R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) (carboxylic, sulfonic, etc.) in the same molecule so as to close a ring. CHEBI:36607 cyclic acid anhydride CHEBI:36608 acyclic acid anhydride An acid anhydride derived by loss of water between two carboxylic groups in the same molecule so as to close a ring. CHEBI:36609 cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid. CHEBI:36610 acetic anhydride Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:36615 triterpenoid A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. CHEBI:36616 quinoxaline A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is a heterocyclic organic compound comprising fused benzene and imidazole rings. CHEBI:36622 benzimidazole CHEBI:36623 4H-benzimidazole Any one of eight organic heterobicyclic compounds that have a naphthalene skeleton in which two of the carbons are replaced by nitrogens. A 'closed' class. CHEBI:36624 naphthyridine CHEBI:36631 acyclic carboxylic anhydride CHEBI:36639 2H-benzimidazole CHEBI:36641 3aH-benzimidazole CHEBI:36651 tellurium coordination entity The conjugate base of glyoxylic acid. CHEBI:36655 glyoxylate CHEBI:36660 elemental tellurium CHEBI:36668 aluminium coordination entity Any dibenzodioxine in which two or more hydrogens have been replaced by chlorines. CHEBI:36682 polychlorinated dibenzodioxine An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. CHEBI:36683 organochlorine compound A carboxylic acid containing at least one chloro group. CHEBI:36685 chlorocarboxylic acid A compound derived from an arene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a chlorine atom. CHEBI:36686 chloroarene A compound consisting of an acyl group bonded to chlorine. CHEBI:36687 acyl chloride CHEBI:36688 heterotricyclic compound A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:36693 1,3-dichlorobenzene Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. CHEBI:36699 corticosteroid hormone Any compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure. CHEBI:36700 phosphocholines An alkyl,acyl-<em>sn</em>-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which unspecified alkyl and acyl groups are located at positions 1 and 2 respectively. CHEBI:36702 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-<em>c</em>] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis. CHEBI:36704 imiquimod A 2-acyl-1-alkyl-<em>sn</em>-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the 2-<em>O</em>-acyl group is specified as acetyl; a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. CHEBI:36707 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups. CHEBI:36709 aminoquinoline An agent that promotes the production and release of interferons. CHEBI:36710 interferon inducer Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C<small>₁₂</small>H<small>₈</small>Cl<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:36718 dichlorobiphenyl Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C<small>₁₂</small>H<small>₇</small>Cl<small>₃</small>. CHEBI:36719 trichlorobiphenyl Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C<small>₁₂</small>H<small>₆</small>Cl<small>₄</small>. CHEBI:36720 tetrachlorobiphenyl Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C<small>₁₂</small>H<small>₅</small>Cl<small>₅</small>. CHEBI:36721 pentachlorobiphenyl Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C<small>₁₂</small>H<small>₄</small>Cl<small>₆</small>. CHEBI:36722 hexachlorobiphenyl Compounds based on a biladiene skeleton. CHEBI:36735 biladienes A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. CHEBI:36740 alpha-pinene A sesquiterpene that is dodecane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 10. CHEBI:36756 farnesane CHEBI:36757 farnesane sesquiterpenoid CHEBI:36758 apo carotenoid sesquiterpenoid CHEBI:36765 gibberellane CHEBI:36766 ent-gibberellane Any diterpenoid with a labdane skeleton. CHEBI:36770 labdane diterpenoid A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is bornane bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. A naturally occurring monoterpenoid. CHEBI:36773 camphor A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. CHEBI:36785 carbobicyclic compound Compounds containing a tetralin skeleton. CHEBI:36786 tetralins A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has <i>S</i>-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram. CHEBI:36791 escitalopram A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has <i>R</i>-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram. CHEBI:36792 (R)-citalopram CHEBI:36793 (S)-bupropion CHEBI:36794 (R)-bupropion CHEBI:36796 duloxetine A monocarboxylic acid that is cyclopropanecarboxylic acid substituted by two methyl groups at position 2 and a 2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl group at position 3. CHEBI:3680 chrysanthemic acid A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base. CHEBI:36807 hydrochloride A fluorohydrocarbon that is fluoroform in which the hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. CHEBI:36810 (trifluoromethyl)benzene An aromatic ketone that consists of benzene substituted by a pentanoyl group. CHEBI:36812 valerophenone CHEBI:36814 5-methoxyvalerophenone CHEBI:36815 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime <em>O</em>-organyl oximes R<small>₂</small>C=NOR' (R' ≠ H). CHEBI:36816 oxime O-ether CHEBI:36819 seco-ergostane Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved. CHEBI:36820 ring assembly CHEBI:36823 pseudohalo group CHEBI:36828 pseudohalide anion CHEBI:36829 polyatomic monoanion CHEBI:36830 monoanion Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3. CHEBI:36834 3-hydroxy steroid A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the α-position. CHEBI:36835 3alpha-hydroxy steroid A 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the β-position. CHEBI:36836 3beta-hydroxy steroid A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 17. CHEBI:36838 17-hydroxy steroid Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 16. CHEBI:36840 16-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36841 11-hydroxy steroid A 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has an α-configuration. CHEBI:36843 7alpha-hydroxy steroid A hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7. CHEBI:36844 7-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36845 12-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36846 12alpha-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36847 12beta-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36849 6-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36850 6alpha-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36853 hydroxy seco-steroid CHEBI:36856 hydrogen isocyanide Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 2. CHEBI:36857 2-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36859 2beta-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36860 14-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36861 14alpha-hydroxy steroid A 14-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group has a β-configuration. CHEBI:36862 14beta-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36863 22-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36864 25-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36865 24-hydroxy steroid Compounds that resemble the halogen elements, X<small>₂</small>, in their chemistry. CHEBI:36867 pseudohalogen CHEBI:36871 inorganic radical CHEBI:36873 radical anion A radical that carries an electric charge. CHEBI:36875 radical ion CHEBI:36876 inorganic radical anion CHEBI:36878 inorganic radical ion CHEBI:36883 6-oxo steroid An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20. CHEBI:36885 20-oxo steroid CHEBI:36887 18-oxo steroid CHEBI:36892 elemental fluorine CHEBI:36893 elemental iodine CHEBI:36894 elemental bromine CHEBI:36895 monoatomic fluorine CHEBI:36896 monoatomic bromine CHEBI:36897 monoatomic iodine CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride CHEBI:36903 selenium hydride CHEBI:36904 elemental selenium CHEBI:36908 argon molecular entity CHEBI:36911 radon molecular entity CHEBI:36914 inorganic ion CHEBI:36915 inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation CHEBI:36916 cation Cation KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:36918 antimony hydride CHEBI:36919 antimony molecular entity CHEBI:36922 elemental antimony CHEBI:36943 aryl phosphate The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. THIOUREA Thiourea CHEBI:36946 thiourea THIOUREA PDBeChem Thiourea KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:36958 carbonothioic O,O-acid CHEBI:36959 carbonothioic O,S-acid CHEBI:36960 carbonothioic acid CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound The thioether resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol group of <small>L</small>-cysteine with the 7-position of (2<i>Z</i>)-2-({[(1<i>S</i>)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]carbonyl}amino)hept-2-enoic acid. It is an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase I (membrane dipeptidase, 3.4.13.19), an enzyme found in the brush border of renal tubes and responsible for degrading the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore administered (as the sodium salt) with imipenem to prolong the antibacterial effect of the latter by preventing its renal metabolism to inactive and potentially nephrotoxic products. Cilastatin also acts as a leukotriene D<small>₄</small> dipeptidase inhibitor, preventing the metabolism of leukotriene D<small>₄</small> to leukotriene E<small>₄</small>. CHEBI:3697 cilastatin A single carbon layer of the graphite structure, describing its nature by analogy to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi infinite size. CHEBI:36973 graphene A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid. CHEBI:36976 nucleotide CHEBI:36982 cyclic purine nucleotide CHEBI:36983 cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide CHEBI:36987 3'-deoxyribonucleoside CHEBI:36988 5'-deoxyribonucleoside CHEBI:37010 ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate CHEBI:37015 ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37021 purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion CHEBI:37038 purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate CHEBI:37045 purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate A methylbutyric acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a 2-methyl substituent. Produced from amino acid leucine during nutrient starvation in bacteria. CHEBI:37070 2-methylbutyric acid CHEBI:37075 ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate CHEBI:37076 ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate CHEBI:37080 acrylate CHEBI:37086 C-nucleoside CHEBI:37089 ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:37096 adenosine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37097 adenosine 3'-phosphate CHEBI:37110 thallium molecular entity CHEBI:37111 gallium molecular entity CHEBI:37112 indium molecular entity CHEBI:37113 elemental thallium CHEBI:37114 elemental indium CHEBI:37121 guanosine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37128 caesium molecular entity CHEBI:37131 strontium molecular entity CHEBI:37133 barium molecular entity CHEBI:37134 elemental barium A compound containing at least one carbon-bromine bond. CHEBI:37141 organobromine compound An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond. CHEBI:37142 organoiodine compound An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. CHEBI:37143 organofluorine compound An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine. CHEBI:37144 epichlorohydrin Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:37147 dibromobenzene A compound derived from an arene by replacing a hydrogen atom with a bromine atom. CHEBI:37148 bromoarene A member of the class of benzenes that is benzene substituted by at least one bromo group. CHEBI:37149 bromobenzenes A dibromobenzene carrying bromo groups at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:37151 1,3-dibromobenzene Any EC 3.1.3.* (phosphoric monoester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16). CHEBI:37153 EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor A hydrogen butenedioate obtained by deprotonation of one of the carboxy groups of fumaric acid. CHEBI:37154 fumarate(1-) CHEBI:37155 hydrogen butenedioate A hydrogen butenedioate that is the conjugate base of maleic acid. CHEBI:37156 maleate(1-) A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. Glucan CHEBI:37163 glucan Glucan KEGG_COMPOUND Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide Polysaccharides composed of galactose residues. Galactan CHEBI:37165 galactan Galactan KEGG_COMPOUND Saturated silicon hydrides, analogues of the alkanes; i.e. compounds of the general formula Si<small>_<em>n</em></small>H<small>_{2<em>n</em>+2}</small>. CHEBI:37172 silanes CHEBI:37175 organic hydride CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride CHEBI:37184 lead hydride CHEBI:37185 lead coordination entity CHEBI:37187 lead nitrate CHEBI:37190 silicon coordination entity CHEBI:37191 silicon oxoanion CHEBI:37193 elemental lead CHEBI:37196 bismuth molecular entity A polyol with five hydroxy groups. CHEBI:37205 pentol A polyol that contains 6 hydroxy groups. CHEBI:37206 hexol CHEBI:37217 titanium molecular entity CHEBI:37228 iridium molecular entity A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active. CHEBI:3723 citalopram CHEBI:37246 elemental sodium CHEBI:37247 elemental potassium CHEBI:37253 elemental zinc CHEBI:37293 1-ribosylimidazole An actinoid molecular entity containing at least one atome of thorium. CHEBI:37302 thorium molecular entity The 6-<em>O</em>-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. CHEBI:3732 clarithromycin A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[<em>g</em>]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. CHEBI:37323 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine CHEBI:37324 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione CHEBI:37325 alloxazine CHEBI:37326 benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione CHEBI:37327 isoalloxazine CHEBI:37332 tropane alkaloid A substance administered to enhance contrast in images of the inside of the body obtained using X-rays, γ-rays, sound waves, radio waves (MRI), or radioactive particles in order to diagnose disease. CHEBI:37334 diagnostic imaging agent CHEBI:37335 MRI contrast agent CHEBI:37337 ultrasound contrast agent A substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays. CHEBI:37338 radioopaque medium CHEBI:37339 thorium dioxide CHEBI:37378 phosphorus halide CHEBI:37380 pnictogen halide CHEBI:37381 nitrogen halide Any of the group of polysaccharides composed of alternating units from uronic acids and glycosamines, and commonly partially esterified with sulfuric acid. CHEBI:37395 mucopolysaccharide CHEBI:37403 copper coordination entity CHEBI:37404 elemental copper Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring. cyclic ethers CHEBI:37407 cyclic ether cyclic ethers ChEBI A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including <em>Amanita phalloides</em> (the death cap), <em>Galerina marginata</em>, and <em>and Conocybe filaris</em>. CHEBI:37415 alpha-amanitin An EC 2.7.7.* (nucleotidyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6). CHEBI:37416 EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor CHEBI:37429 aldonolactone phosphate A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more <small>L</small>-glutamic acid units. CHEBI:37445 folic acids A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. CHEBI:3745 clindamycin CHEBI:37484 dihydroxyanthraquinone An anthraquinone substituted with one or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:37485 hydroxyanthraquinones A member of the class of hydroxyanthraquinones carrying three hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:37488 trihydroxyanthraquinone CHEBI:37494 alkenyl phosphate An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4. CHEBI:3751 clomazone CHEBI:37511 thiophosphate CHEBI:37512 organic thiophosphate A purine nucleoside monophosphate in which the sugar component is specified as arabinosyl. CHEBI:37514 purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate CHEBI:37526 tigliane An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Brønsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acid CHEBI:37527 acid Acid KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:37529 cyclohexenecarboxylate ester Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from <em>Croton tiglium</em>, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C. CHEBI:37532 phorbol ester Derivatives of diazene with the general structure R‒N=N‒R'. CHEBI:37533 azo compound A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of <em>Croton tiglium</em>. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. CHEBI:37537 phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate Any aryl phosphate having a single aryl substituent and two alkyl substituents. CHEBI:37558 aryl dialkyl phosphate CHEBI:37562 trialkyl phosphate A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. CHEBI:37578 halide A compound consisting of an acyl group bonded to halogen. CHEBI:37579 acyl halide A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. CHEBI:37581 gamma-lactone CHEBI:37586 sodium phosphate CHEBI:37588 phosphonic acid derivative CHEBI:37592 organic phosphonate Compounds having two β-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X‒CH<small>₂</small>‒CH<small>₂</small>)<small>₂</small>NR. CHEBI:37598 nitrogen mustard CHEBI:37604 cis-octadec-9-ene CHEBI:37605 octadec-9-ene An alkene that is octadecane containing one double bond at unspecified position. CHEBI:37606 octadecene An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR<small>₂</small>. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the ‒C(=O)NH<small>₂</small> group including its carbon atom. CHEBI:37622 carboxamide CHEBI:37624 L-glucose The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of glucopyranose. CHEBI:37627 L-glucopyranose A <small>L</small>-glucopyranose with a β-configuration at the anomeric position. CHEBI:37631 beta-L-glucose A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to a nitrogen is replaced by a monochlorotrityl group. CHEBI:3764 clotrimazole A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a β-hydroxy group at position 3. CHEBI:37659 oleanolic acid A benzodiazepine that is 5<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>b,e</em>][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. CHEBI:3766 clozapine CHEBI:37661 glucopyranose Any member of a diverse class of complex, multicyclic phytochemicals showing a variety of skeleton arrangements and bioactivities, and having in common a sesquiterpenoid structure including a lactone ring. CHEBI:37667 sesquiterpene lactone CHEBI:37668 terpene lactone A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases). CHEBI:37670 protease inhibitor An aldohexose that is the C-2 epimer of glucose. CHEBI:37684 mannose CHEBI:37697 indolocarbazole alkaloid An EC 2.7.* (<em>P</em>-containing group transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinases. CHEBI:37699 protein kinase inhibitor An EC 2.7.11.* (protein-serine/threonine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13). CHEBI:37700 EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl CHEBI:37716 mixed diacylamine An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). CHEBI:37733 EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor CHEBI:37734 phosphoric ester A phosphonic acid derivative in which one or both OH groups have been esterified. CHEBI:37735 phosphonic ester Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone. CHEBI:37739 glycerophospholipid CHEBI:37749 halogen oxide CHEBI:37750 chlorine oxide Any haloalkane carrying at least one iodo group. CHEBI:37757 iodoalkane CHEBI:37758 iodoform CHEBI:37761 metal hydride CHEBI:37765 halohalide CHEBI:37775 molybdenum oxide CHEBI:37784 sulfinic acid derivative CHEBI:37786 acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride An organosulfonic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:37793 amino sulfonic acid A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2<i>S</i>,5<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:37806 penicillanic acid A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. CHEBI:37808 butane An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is <em>para</em> to the methyl group. CHEBI:37825 p-toluidine CHEBI:37826 sulfuric acid derivative A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. PENTANE CHEBI:37830 pentane PENTANE PDBeChem CHEBI:37834 (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraene Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having four carbon-carbon double bonds. CHEBI:37835 alkatetraene A carboacyl group is a group formed by loss of at least one OH from the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid. CHEBI:37838 carboacyl group A hormone that specifically regulates growth. CHEBI:37845 growth hormone A plant growth regulator that modulates the formation of stems, leaves and flowers, as well as the development and ripening of fruit. The term includes endogenous and non-endogenous compounds (e.g. active compounds produced by bacteria on the leaf surface) as well as semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:37848 plant hormone CHEBI:37852 organoammonium sulfate salt CHEBI:37853 phosphate salt CHEBI:37863 chalcoperoxol An agent that selectively binds to and activates adrenergic receptors. CHEBI:37886 adrenergic agonist An agent that binds to but does not activate adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. CHEBI:37887 adrenergic antagonist An agent that binds to but does not activate α-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous α-adrenergic agonists. α-Adrenergic antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. CHEBI:37890 alpha-adrenergic antagonist CHEBI:37910 indene Any coumarin carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. CHEBI:37912 hydroxycoumarin CHEBI:37919 aryl sulfate CHEBI:37921 pyridazines A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CHEBI:37924 atazanavir A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or <em>m</em>-aminophenol (and derivatives). CHEBI:37929 xanthene dye CHEBI:37930 phenothiazine antipsychotic drug The 10<em>H</em>-tautomer of phenothiazine. CHEBI:37931 10H-phenothiazine CHEBI:37932 phenothiazine CHEBI:37933 4aH-phenothiazine CHEBI:37934 1H-phenothiazine CHEBI:37935 3H-phenothiazine A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-<em>c</em>]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an <em>o</em>-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the <i>S</i> enantiomer). A P2Y<small>₁₂</small> receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. CHEBI:37941 clopidogrel Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal <em>ortho</em>-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene. CHEBI:37942 thienopyridine A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of <em>Bacillus polymyxa</em> var. <em>colistinus</em>. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the <em>N</em>-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. CHEBI:37943 colistin Any carbohydrate sulfate that is a polysaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent. CHEBI:37944 polysaccharide sulfate CHEBI:37947 benzothiazoles A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle. CHEBI:37948 oxaspiro compound CHEBI:37949 azacycloalkane H<small>₁</small>-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H<small>₁</small> receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. CHEBI:37955 H1-receptor antagonist Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. CHEBI:37956 histamine antagonist Drugs used for their actions on histaminergic systems. CHEBI:37957 histaminergic drug CHEBI:37958 dye Cyanine dyes are synthetic dyes with the general formula R<small>₂</small>N[CH=CH]<small>_<em>n</em></small>CH=N<small>^+</small>R<small>₂</small> ↔ R<small>₂</small>N<small>^+</small>=CH[CH=CH]<small>_<em>n</em></small>NR<small>₂</small> (<em>n</em> is a small number) in which the nitrogen and part of the conjugated chain usually form part of a heterocyclic system, such as imidazole, pyridine, pyrrole, quinoline and thiazole. CHEBI:37960 cyanine dye H<small>₂</small>-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H<small>₂</small> receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. CHEBI:37961 H2-receptor antagonist Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. CHEBI:37962 adrenergic agent Any of a class of cyclic chemical compounds that contain an unsaturated six-membered ring with one ring oxygen atom and an oxo substituent. CHEBI:37963 pyranone A macromolecule derived from one species of (real, implicit or hypothetical) monomer. CHEBI:37997 homopolymer macromolecule Any aminopurine that has amino substituents at positions 2 and 6, and their substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38001 2,6-diaminopurines CHEBI:38011 1,2,4-benzotriazine CHEBI:38012 aminoglycoside sulfate salt A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings. CHEBI:38032 carbotricyclic compound CHEBI:38034 aminonaphthalene CHEBI:38044 trioxane Any of three isomers generated by replacing three of the carbon atoms of benzene with nitrogen atoms. CHEBI:38056 triazine CHEBI:38060 triazine insecticide A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>'-di(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6. CHEBI:38067 propazine A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against <em>Plasmodia</em> at different stages in their life cycle in the human. CHEBI:38068 antimalarial A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively. CHEBI:38069 cyanazine A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. CHEBI:38070 anti-arrhythmia drug CHEBI:38071 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine CHEBI:38074 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole CHEBI:38079 1,3-dithiolane An ester of malonic acid; any compound containing a malonate ester skeleton. CHEBI:38083 malonate ester Compounds having the structure R<small></small>S(=O)=NR. CHEBI:38084 sulfoximide A γ-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group. CHEBI:38085 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one An intramolecular cyclic ester of a hydroxy sulfonic acid, analogous to lactone. CHEBI:38088 sultone Any member of the class of cardenolides with glycosyl residues attached to position 3. CHEBI:38092 cardenolide glycoside CHEBI:38093 phenothiazines CHEBI:38099 thiadiazoles Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound Compounds based on a triazine skeleton. CHEBI:38102 triazines Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. CHEBI:38104 oxacycle CHEBI:38105 gitoxigenin CHEBI:38106 organosulfur heterocyclic compound Any aldehyde with two aldehyde groups. CHEBI:38124 dialdehyde Any organonitrogen compound with formula RS-C(=X)NH<small>₂</small> where X = O (monothiocarbamic esters) or S (dithiocarbamic esters), or their <em>N</em>-substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38127 thiocarbamic ester A thiocarbamic ester formally derived from a monothiocarbamic acid. CHEBI:38128 monothiocarbamic ester Any ester derived from a member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids by formal replacement of the -SH group by -SR, where R is an organyl group. CHEBI:38129 dithiocarbamic ester Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues. CHEBI:38131 lactol A drug that has a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. CHEBI:38147 cardiotonic drug CHEBI:3815 Collagen Any of low-molecular-mass iron(III)-chelating compounds produced by plants for the purpose of the transport and sequestration of iron. CHEBI:38155 phytosiderophore CHEBI:38157 iron chelator A ligand with two or more separate binding sites that can bind to a single metallic central atom, forming a chelate. CHEBI:38161 chelator CHEBI:38162 iron(2+) chelator CHEBI:38163 organic heterotetracyclic compound CHEBI:38164 organic heteropentacyclic compound CHEBI:38165 organic heterooctacyclic compound CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound A member of the class of 1,3,5-triazines that is 1,3,5-triazine substituted by at least one chloro group at unspecified position. CHEBI:38168 chloro-1,3,5-triazine Any member of the class of 1,3,5-triazines that consists of a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton substituted by two amino groups. CHEBI:38170 diamino-1,3,5-triazine CHEBI:38174 methylthio-1,3,5-triazine CHEBI:38175 triamino-1,3,5-triazine Any diamino-1,3,5-triazine in which the amino group is substituted by at least one cyano group. CHEBI:38176 1,3,5-triazinylamino nitrile Any member of the class of 1,3,5-triazines substituted by at least one methoxy group. CHEBI:38177 methoxy-1,3,5-triazine CHEBI:38179 monocyclic heteroarene CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid. A 'closed class'. CHEBI:38181 pyridinemonocarboxylate CHEBI:38183 pyridone A pyridinemonocarboxylate resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of picolinic acid. CHEBI:38184 picolinate A pyridinemonocarboxylate resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of isonicotinic acid. CHEBI:38186 isonicotinate CHEBI:38188 pyridinium salt CHEBI:38193 phenylpyridine Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. CHEBI:38207 aminopyridine A naphthalenesulfonic acid having at least one amino substituent. CHEBI:38210 aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid CHEBI:38211 potassium bromate A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a <em>p</em>-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. CHEBI:38214 monuron One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools. CHEBI:38215 calcium channel blocker CHEBI:38218 isophthalonitrile CHEBI:38222 hydrocarbyl anion Any toxin produced by a plant. CHEBI:38231 phytotoxin Any inhibitor of a DNA polymerase. CHEBI:38234 DNA polymerase inhibitor Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. CHEBI:38260 pyrrolidines CHEBI:38261 imidazolidines An α-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3. CHEBI:38263 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. CHEBI:38264 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid The simplest boronic acid, consisting of borane with two of the hydrogens substituted by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:38267 boronic acid Compounds having the structure RB(OH)<small>₂</small>. CHEBI:38269 boronic acids CHEBI:38275 pyrrolidinone A compound containing at least one carbon-boron bond. CHEBI:38278 organoboron compound The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of <small>L</small>-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants. CHEBI:38290 L-ascorbate CHEBI:38295 azabicycloalkane CHEBI:38297 thiabicycloalkane CHEBI:38298 benzodioxoles CHEBI:38303 azirinopyrroloindole CHEBI:38304 diazolidine CHEBI:38305 gibberellin monocarboxylic acid Any member of the class of imidazoles in which the imidazole ring is substituted by one (or more) carboxy group(s). CHEBI:38307 imidazolyl carboxylic acid CHEBI:38311 cephem Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure). CHEBI:38313 diazines CHEBI:38314 pyrazines CHEBI:38315 beta-D-arabinoside An EC 1.13.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on single donors and incorporating 2 atoms of oxygen) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27). CHEBI:38317 EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor An aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group. CHEBI:38321 mesotrione Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons. CHEBI:38323 cholinergic drug Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. CHEBI:38324 cholinergic agonist Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. CHEBI:38325 muscarinic agonist CHEBI:38329 oxazolidines CHEBI:38335 dithiolane A pyrimidine carrying one or more oxo substituents. CHEBI:38337 pyrimidone A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives. CHEBI:38338 aminopyrimidine CHEBI:38340 hydroxypyrimidine A hexenoic acid with the double bond at position 4. CHEBI:38355 hex-4-enoic acid A heptenoic acid with the double bond at position 6. CHEBI:38363 hept-6-enoic acid Any octadecatrienoic acid with three double bonds at positions 9, 11 and 15. CHEBI:38387 9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid Any octadecatrienoate having double bonds at positions 9, 11 and 15. CHEBI:38390 9,11,15-octadecatrienoate A fluoroalkanoic acid that is nonanoic acid in which all of the hydrogens in the alkyl chain are replaced by fluorines. CHEBI:38397 perfluorononanoic acid CHEBI:38418 1,3-thiazoles CHEBI:38419 saturated organic heterobicyclic parent CHEBI:38443 1-benzopyran CHEBI:38444 2-benzopyran CHEBI:38445 chromenone A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and <em>tert</em>-butyl groups respectively. CHEBI:38449 methoxyfenozide A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by <em>tert</em>-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars. CHEBI:38452 tebufenozide CHEBI:38453 1,2-dibenzoylhydrazine CHEBI:38454 benzohydrazide CHEBI:38455 bisacylhydrazine insecticide CHEBI:38456 ecdysone agonist CHEBI:38457 N'-benzoyl-N-(tert-butyl)benzohydrazide Any member of the class of indolones whose structure is based on an oxindole (2-indolone) skeleton. CHEBI:38459 oxindoles Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents. CHEBI:38460 methylindole Derivatives of carbamic acid with insecticidal properties of general formula ROC(=O)NR<small>^1</small>R<small>^2</small>, where ROH is an alcohol, oxime, or phenol and R<small>^1</small> is hydrogen or methyl. Like organophosphate insecticides, they are cholinesterase inhibitors, but carbamate insecticides differ in action from the organophosphates in that the inhibitory effect on cholinesterase is generally brief. CHEBI:38461 carbamate insecticide An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. CHEBI:38462 EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of an imidazolyl carboxylic acid. CHEBI:38466 imidazolyl carboxylic acid anion CHEBI:38467 indolyl alcohol CHEBI:38468 indol-3-yl carboxylic acid anion A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. ACETONITRILE CHEBI:38472 acetonitrile ACETONITRILE PDBeChem CHEBI:38481 alkaloid ester CHEBI:38482 indole alkaloid fundamental parent CHEBI:38494 benzoylurea insecticide CHEBI:38495 aluminium phosphide CHEBI:38496 electron-transport chain inhibitor CHEBI:38497 respiratory-chain inhibitor CHEBI:38498 mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor CHEBI:38499 mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor An EC 1.9.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor heme group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1). CHEBI:38500 EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor CHEBI:38502 cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor A respiratory-chain inhibitor that interferes with the action of the the enzyme NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H<small>^+</small>-translocating), EC 1.6.5.3. CHEBI:38503 EC 1.6.5.3 [NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating)] inhibitor A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid. CHEBI:38508 methiocarb CHEBI:38509 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol CHEBI:38512 dibenzoquinolizine CHEBI:38514 quinoline alkaloid fundamental parent CHEBI:38515 isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent CHEBI:38523 benzazepine alkaloid CHEBI:38527 benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38530 quinazolines Compounds having the structure R<small>₂</small>C=NNR<small>₂</small>, formally derived from aldehydes or ketones by replacing =O by =NNH<small>₂</small> (or substituted analogues). CHEBI:38532 hydrazone CHEBI:38534 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime An amino acid consisting of carbamic acid having two methyl substituents both attached to the nitrogen. CHEBI:38544 dimethylcarbamic acid A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6<i>E</i>)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>-diastereomer). CHEBI:38545 rosuvastatin CHEBI:38547 2-isopropoxyphenol CHEBI:38548 thiodicarb CHEBI:38560 simple protein CHEBI:38570 2,3,5-trimethylphenol CHEBI:38580 oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one CHEBI:38581 oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine Any member of the class of fluorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring carrying two fluorine atoms. CHEBI:38582 difluorobenzene A difluorobenzene carrying fluoro groups at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:38584 1,3-difluorobenzene CHEBI:38586 1,2,3-benzotriazine CHEBI:38595 3H-pyrazole An organic anion with formula C<small>₃</small>H<small>₃</small>N<small>₂</small> resulting from the removal of a proton from 1<em>H</em>, 3<em>H</em>, or 4<em>H</em>-pyrazole. CHEBI:38596 pyrazolide CHEBI:38597 triazole CHEBI:38599 4H-pyrazole CHEBI:38600 4H-pyrazol-4-ide CHEBI:38601 pyrazole pesticide CHEBI:38602 pyrazole acaricide CHEBI:38605 phenethylamine alkaloid An EC 1.4.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-NH<small>₂</small> group, oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). CHEBI:38623 EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor A hydroxypyrimidine that is pyrimidine substituted by an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 4. CHEBI:38629 2-isopropyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol CHEBI:38631 aminoalkylindole Any agent that affects the transport of molecular entities across a biological membrane. CHEBI:38632 membrane transport modulator An agent that inhibits sodium influx through cell membranes. CHEBI:38633 sodium channel blocker Any sodium channel blocker that interferes with the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels. CHEBI:38634 voltage-gated sodium channel blocker A methyladenine that is adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-3. 3-Methyladenine CHEBI:38635 3-methyladenine 3-Methyladenine KEGG_COMPOUND Any protein kinase inhibitor that interferes with the action of tyrosine kinase. CHEBI:38637 tyrosine kinase inhibitor CHEBI:38641 trimethylbenzene CHEBI:38643 6-isopentenylaminopurine CHEBI:38645 N-glycosylzeatin A methyl-branched fatty acid comprising a butyric acid core carrying a single methyl substituent. CHEBI:38653 methylbutyric acid The (<i>S</i>)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutanoic acid. CHEBI:38655 (S)-2-methylbutyric acid Any organochlorine compound that has been used as a pesticide. CHEBI:38656 organochlorine pesticide Any organochlorine pesticide that has been used as an acaricide. CHEBI:38657 organochlorine acaricide CHEBI:38658 dicrotophos An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of <i>S</i>-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate. CHEBI:38661 disulfoton An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7). CHEBI:38663 ethion CHEBI:38665 ethoprophos CHEBI:38669 pyrazolopyrimidine CHEBI:38670 pyrrolopyrimidine Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2<em>H</em>-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38672 flavans CHEBI:38677 famphur CHEBI:38678 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide CHEBI:38680 fenamiphos CHEBI:38681 4-(methylsulfanyl)-m-cresol Bromoform CHEBI:38682 bromoform Bromoform KEGG_COMPOUND Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:38684 tetrahydroxyflavone An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. CHEBI:38685 1,2-epoxypropane Any hydroxyflavone in which two ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:38686 dihydroxyflavone CHEBI:38688 4-(methylsulfinyl)phenol CHEBI:38689 fonofos Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins are water-souluble plant pigments that generally occur as acidic salts exhibiting bright colours. CHEBI:38697 anthocyanin CHEBI:38699 sodium fluoroacetate CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt CHEBI:38702 inorganic sodium salt CHEBI:38705 thiomalic acid Substance used to treat lice (genus <em>Pediculus</em>) infestation. CHEBI:38706 pediculicide CHEBI:38708 thiomalate(1-) CHEBI:38710 thiomalate(2-) CHEBI:38715 thiomalate(3-) Any dianion containing at least one carboxy group. CHEBI:38716 carboxylic acid dianion A trianion containing at least one carboxy group. CHEBI:38717 carboxylic acid trianion An organic thiophosphate resulting from the <em>N</em>-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate. CHEBI:38721 methamidophos CHEBI:38725 mevinphos CHEBI:38726 methyl 3-hydroxybut-2-enoate An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate. CHEBI:38728 monocrotophos An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. CHEBI:38729 naled A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from formal condensation between mercaptoacetic acid and methylamine. CHEBI:38731 N-methyl-2-sulfanylacetamide CHEBI:38735 oxydemeton-methyl CHEBI:38736 2-(ethanesulfinyl)ethanol CHEBI:38737 tribufos Any methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a methoxy group. CHEBI:38738 monomethoxyflavanone A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:38739 trihydroxyflavanone A hydroxyflavanone with at least four hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:38742 tetrahydroxyflavanone A <em>C</em>-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4. CHEBI:38746 parathion-methyl Any hydroxyflavanone carrying two hydroxy substituents. CHEBI:38749 dihydroxyflavanone Any polyamine that contained three amino groups. CHEBI:38751 triamine Member of the class of isoflavones bearing at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:38755 hydroxyisoflavone Members of the class of isoflavones with at least one methoxy substituent. CHEBI:38756 methoxyisoflavone Any isoflavonoid with a 3-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (3-aryl-4<em>H</em>-chromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38757 isoflavones CHEBI:38758 isocoumarins CHEBI:38761 isochromenes CHEBI:38762 isochromanes CHEBI:38764 phorate CHEBI:38765 oxazolopyridine CHEBI:38767 benzothiophenes CHEBI:38768 phthalazines CHEBI:38769 indazoles Any naphthyridine derivative that is a derivative of quinoxaline (1,4-naphthyridine). CHEBI:38771 quinoxaline derivative A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the monoanion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group attached to the quinoline skeleton CHEBI:38773 quinolinemonocarboxylate CHEBI:38776 imidazoquinoline CHEBI:38777 azetidines CHEBI:38778 triazinanes CHEBI:38779 1,3,5-triazinanes A compound having the nitro group (‒NO<small>₂</small>) attached to a nitrogen atom. CHEBI:38780 N-nitro compound CHEBI:38781 thiadiazinane Any oxacycle that is oxetane or its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:38784 oxetanes Any compound containing morpholine as part of its structure. CHEBI:38785 morpholines CHEBI:38786 phosmet CHEBI:38791 azocanes CHEBI:38792 azocane CHEBI:38793 pteroate CHEBI:38794 pteroic acid CHEBI:38795 pteroic acids CHEBI:38796 pteroates CHEBI:38800 benzenedicarboxamide CHEBI:38801 isophthalamide CHEBI:38804 organofluorine insecticide CHEBI:38805 organofluorine pesticide CHEBI:38806 organofluorine acaricide Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. CHEBI:38807 calcium channel agonist A membrane transport modulator that is able to regulate intracellular calcium levels. CHEBI:38808 calcium channel modulator CHEBI:38809 ryanodine receptor modulator A primary alcohol comprising phthalimide carrying an <em>N</em>-hydroxymethyl substituent. CHEBI:38816 N-(hydroxymethyl)phthalimide A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1<em>H</em>-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:38817 phthalimide A compound that has significant antifungal properties whose structure contains a quinoxaline moiety. CHEBI:38819 quinoxaline antifungal agent CHEBI:38820 quinoxaline acaricide A quinoxaline derivative that has pesticidal properties. CHEBI:38821 quinoxaline pesticide CHEBI:38823 diazepane Compounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon. CHEBI:38824 fluorocarbon CHEBI:38825 tetrafluoromethane CHEBI:38826 perfluorooctane A surfactant with an uncharged hydrophilic headgroup. CHEBI:38828 nonionic surfactant CHEBI:38829 (ethylsulfanyl)methanethiol A member of the class of benzofurans consisting of a 1-benzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:38830 1-benzofurans CHEBI:38831 2-benzofurans CHEBI:38835 xanthenes CHEBI:38836 1-benzothiophenes An organic thiophosphate that is <em>O</em>,<em>O</em>-dimethyl <em>O</em>-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2. CHEBI:38843 pirimiphos-methyl CHEBI:38844 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4(1H)-one CHEBI:38845 profenofos A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of phenoxyacetic acid. CHEBI:38846 phenoxyacetate CHEBI:38847 perfluoroheptane A halophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by chlorine and bromine, respectively. CHEBI:38852 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol An <em>ortho</em>-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene. CHEBI:38853 decalin CHEBI:38856 halophenol CHEBI:38857 monochlorophenol CHEBI:38862 4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol CHEBI:38864 propetamphos CHEBI:38866 tetrafluoroethene Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. CHEBI:38867 anaesthetic An isopropyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with isopropanol. CHEBI:38868 isopropyl 3-hydroxybut-2-enoate Substance that produces loss of consciousness. CHEBI:38869 general anaesthetic CHEBI:38870 inhalation anaesthetic CHEBI:38871 3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid CHEBI:38877 intravenous anaesthetic A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-pyrazole substituted by a phenyl group at position 1. CHEBI:38879 1-phenylpyrazole A diarylmethane that is methane substituted by two phenyl groups. CHEBI:38884 diphenylmethane A carbamate ester that consists of 2,3,5-trimethylphenol carrying an <em>O</em>-(<em>N</em>-methylcarbamoyl) group. One of two constituents of trimethacarb. CHEBI:38893 2,3,5-trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate CHEBI:38900 boron halide CHEBI:38901 boron fluoride CHEBI:38919 dithioloquinoxaline A polypeptide hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary gland comprising 39 amino acid residues coupled in a linear sequence. The <em>N</em>-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Corticotropin stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland and boosts the synthesis of corticosteroids, mainly glucocorticoids but also sex steroids (androgens). It is used in the treatment of certain neurological disorders such as infantile spasms and multiple sclerosis, and diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency. CHEBI:3892 corticotropin CHEBI:38920 benzochromene CHEBI:38921 pyridoquinoline Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:38922 dibenzofurans CHEBI:38925 benzopteridine CHEBI:38929 2-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine CHEBI:38930 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Any organic heterobicyclic compound consisting of a pyridine ring <em>ortho</em>-fused at any position to a pyrimidine ring. CHEBI:38932 pyridopyrimidine CHEBI:38934 purvalanol CHEBI:38940 sunitinib Drugs that used to treat infestations by flukes (trematodes) of the genus <em>Schistosoma</em>. CHEBI:38941 schistosomicide drug CHEBI:38945 sulfotep CHEBI:38947 dithiodiphosphoric acid CHEBI:38949 sulprofos An organic sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which the hydrogen at the <em>para</em> position of each of the phenyl groups has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group. CHEBI:38954 temephos CHEBI:38956 ectoparasiticide CHEBI:38957 4,4'-thiodiphenol An alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. CHEBI:38958 indole alkaloid An aryl sulfide that consists of two phenyl groups connected by a sulphur atom. CHEBI:38959 diphenyl sulfide CHEBI:38961 1-phenylethenol CHEBI:38967 1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. CHEBI:38975 methylbenzene A monocyclic arene that is benzene substituted with one or more alkyl groups. CHEBI:38976 alkylbenzene CHEBI:38999 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist CHEBI:39000 sodium channel modulator Protein component on the surface of lipoprotein. CHEBI:39015 apolipoprotein A complex in which one component (the host) forms a cavity or, in the case of a crystal, a crystal lattice containing spaces in the shape of long tunnels or channels in which molecular entities of a second chemical species (the guest) are located. There is no covalent bonding between guest and host, the attraction being generally due to van der Waals forces. CHEBI:39022 inclusion compound Inclusion compound in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules. CHEBI:39024 clathrate compound A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. They are synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). CHEBI:39025 high-density lipoprotein A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and low density (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of cholesterol esters and smaller amounts of triglycerides. The surface monolayer consists mostly of phospholipids, a single copy of apolipoprotein B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the liver. Excessive levels are associated with cardiovascular disease. CHEBI:39026 low-density lipoprotein CHEBI:39053 nitrilotriacetate(1-) CHEBI:39054 NTA CHEBI:39056 nitrilotriacetate(2-) CHEBI:39068 cis-chlordane CHEBI:39069 trans-chlordane Any sulfur oxoacid derivative derived from sulfurous acid. CHEBI:39087 sulfurous acid derivative CHEBI:39088 sulfite ester CHEBI:39089 cyclic sulfite ester CHEBI:39090 phenylpyrazole insecticide CHEBI:39092 organophosphorus nematicide CHEBI:39093 organophosphorus pesticide CHEBI:39094 organophosphate nematicide CHEBI:39096 alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane CHEBI:39097 benzotriazine A <i>trans</i>-chrysanthemic acid in which both stereocentres have <i>R</i> configuration. CHEBI:39100 (+)-trans-chrysanthemic acid CHEBI:39101 trans-chrysanthemic acid CHEBI:39102 (-)-trans-chrysanthemic acid CHEBI:39103 cis-chrysanthemic acid An <em>ortho</em>- and <em>peri</em>-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. Pyrene CHEBI:39106 pyrene Pyrene KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:39116 pyrethroid ester insecticide CHEBI:39117 trans-allethrin CHEBI:39118 (+)-trans-allethrin CHEBI:39123 calcium cation CHEBI:39124 calcium ion Any magnesium ion that is positively charged. CHEBI:39127 magnesium cation CHEBI:39128 magnesium ion CHEBI:39129 strontium cation CHEBI:39130 strontium ion CHEBI:39131 elemental strontium A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Brønsted base). CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Brønsted acid). CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base A molecular entity that is an electron-pair acceptor and therefore able to form a covalent bond with an electron-pair donor (Lewis base), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. CHEBI:39143 Lewis acid A molecular entity able to provide a pair of electrons and thus capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid), thereby producing a Lewis adduct. CHEBI:39144 Lewis base CHEBI:39146 trichostatin A member of the class of oxopentanoates that is the conjugate base of 4-oxopentanoic acid. CHEBI:39150 4-oxopentanoate Any chlorocycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by at least one chlorine group. CHEBI:39154 chlorocyclohexane A chlorohydrocarbon that is any cycloalkane substituted by at least one chloro group. CHEBI:39155 chlorocycloalkane CHEBI:39157 trichostatic acid CHEBI:39158 (R)-trichostatic acid CHEBI:39159 (S)-trichostatic acid CHEBI:39161 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has <i>R</i>-configuration. CHEBI:39162 (R)-nicotine A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group. CHEBI:39163 acetamiprid The (<i>E</i>)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid. CHEBI:39164 (E)-acetamiprid CHEBI:39165 (Z)-acetamiprid Any polyamine that contains four amino groups. CHEBI:39166 tetramine The <i>E</i>-isomer of imidacloprid. CHEBI:39168 (E)-imidacloprid The <i>Z</i>-isomer of imidacloprid. CHEBI:39169 (Z)-imidacloprid A chloropyridine in which only one chlorine is attached to the pyridine ring. CHEBI:39172 monochloropyridine Compounds containing a pyridine nucleus substituted with one or more chlorine atoms. CHEBI:39173 chloropyridine CHEBI:39174 2-chloropyridine A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. CHEBI:39175 thiacloprid The (<i>Z</i>)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid. CHEBI:39176 (Z)-thiacloprid A clothiadin that has <i>E</i> configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety. CHEBI:39177 (E)-clothianidin An <em>N</em>-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3. CHEBI:39178 clothianidin An <em>N</em>-nitro compound that is guanidine in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitro group. It can exist in distinct tautomeric forms, as 1-nitroguanidine (a nitroimine) or 2-nitroguanidine (a nitroamine); in both solid and in solution, the nitroimine form predominates. CHEBI:39179 nitroguanidine CHEBI:39180 1-nitroguanidine CHEBI:39181 2-nitroguanidine An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-<em>N</em>-nitro-4<em>H</em>-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. CHEBI:39185 thiamethoxam CHEBI:39186 (E)-thiamethoxam CHEBI:39187 2-chlorothiazole CHEBI:39189 organosulfur pesticide CHEBI:39192 dithiolanes Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings. CHEBI:39203 dibenzopyran CHEBI:39205 dibenzopyrrole CHEBI:39208 antibiotic insecticide CHEBI:39209 macrolide insecticide CHEBI:39213 avermectin insecticide Mixture of 80% avermectin B<small>_1a</small> and 20% avermectin B<small>_1b</small>. CHEBI:39214 abamectin CHEBI:39215 antibiotic pesticide CHEBI:39216 antibiotic acaricide CHEBI:39217 antibiotic nematicide CHEBI:39218 macrolide acaricide CHEBI:39219 avermectin acaricide CHEBI:39220 avermectin pesticide CHEBI:39221 macrolide pesticide Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon. CHEBI:39226 chlorocarbon A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. CHEBI:39227 hexachloroethane An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. CHEBI:39258 diphenyl ether CHEBI:39259 pyrethroid ester acaricide An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position. CHEBI:39260 pyriproxyfen CHEBI:39262 phenoxyphenol CHEBI:39264 4-phenoxyphenol CHEBI:39268 dibenzothiazepine CHEBI:39270 naphthofuran A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. CHEBI:39275 bromomethane A volatile or volatilizable chemical compound utilized for control of pests in buildings, soil, grain, as well as during processing of goods to be imported or exported to prevent transfer of exotic organisms. CHEBI:39276 fumigant CHEBI:39277 fumigant insecticide A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by bromine. CHEBI:39278 bromomethanes A haloalkane that is methane in which one (or more) of the hydrogens have been replaced by a halogen atom/halogen atoms. CHEBI:39279 halomethane A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by fluorine. CHEBI:39281 fluoromethanes A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine. CHEBI:39282 iodomethane A halomethane that is methane in which one or more hydrogens has been replaced by iodine. CHEBI:39284 iodomethanes A <em>C</em>-nitro compound that is nitromethane in which all three hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. It is a severe irritant, and can cause immediate, severe inflammation of the eyes, nose and throat, and significant injuries to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Formerly stockpiled as a chemical warfare agent, it has been widely used in the US as a soil fumigant, particularly for strawberry crops. It is not approved for use within the European Union. CHEBI:39285 chloropicrin CHEBI:39287 sulfuryl difluoride CHEBI:39288 hexafluoroaluminate(3-) CHEBI:39289 trisodium hexafluoroaluminate A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4 and a cyanomethyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen atom. CHEBI:39291 flonicamid CHEBI:39292 organotin acaricide CHEBI:39293 organotin pesticide CHEBI:39294 fenbutatin oxide CHEBI:39298 organosulfur acaricide CHEBI:39300 propargite CHEBI:39301 sulfite ester acaricide CHEBI:39308 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2<em>H</em>)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a (pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino group at position 4. CHEBI:39311 pymetrozine CHEBI:39316 mite growth regulator Any chemical substance that inhibits the life-cycle of an organism. CHEBI:39317 growth regulator CHEBI:39318 tetrazine acaricide An organofluorine compound consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having a 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl group at the 3-position and two methyl groups at the 2-position. CHEBI:39319 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid A monocarboxylic acid consisting of isovaleric acid having a 4-chlorophenyl group at the 2-position. CHEBI:39345 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid A hydroxytoluene that is <em>o</em>-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6. CHEBI:39349 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol CHEBI:39351 pyrethroid ether insecticide Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents. CHEBI:39352 dinitrophenol A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. CHEBI:39353 fenpropathrin A monocarboxylic acid consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having four methyl substituents. CHEBI:39355 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position. CHEBI:39362 mononitrophenol CHEBI:39363 dinitrophenol acaricide CHEBI:39364 dinitrophenol pesticide CHEBI:39365 organonitrogen pesticide CHEBI:39366 organonitrogen acaricide CHEBI:39369 pyrethroid ether acaricide CHEBI:39378 homopteran inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis CHEBI:39379 lepidopteran inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis A <em>N</em>-acylurea that is <em>N</em>-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom. CHEBI:39387 teflubenzuron CHEBI:39397 tetramethrin CHEBI:39398 phthalimide insecticide Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure. CHEBI:39410 1,2,4-triazines CHEBI:39412 bridged diphenyl acaricide CHEBI:39415 dinitrophenol insecticide An <em>N</em>-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a benzoyl group. CHEBI:39416 N-benzoylurea Any saturated fatty acid with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination. CHEBI:39417 branched-chain saturated fatty acid Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. CHEBI:39418 straight-chain saturated fatty acid A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons have been replaced by fluorines. CHEBI:39421 perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid CHEBI:39422 octane-1-sulfonic acid A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid. CHEBI:39426 perfluorobutyric acid A ketone that is acetone in which all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by fluoro groups. CHEBI:39429 hexafluoroacetone CHEBI:39430 dioxolane CHEBI:39432 furochromene A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. CHEBI:39437 tocol A role played by a fluorescent molecular entity used to study the microscopic environment by fluorescence spectroscopy. CHEBI:39442 fluorescent probe CHEBI:39443 sulfuryl halide Compounds containing a group =N<small>₂</small> attached to a single carbon atom. They are named by adding the prefix 'diazo-' to the name of the parent hydride or functional parent. CHEBI:39444 diazo compound CHEBI:39446 pyrimidine ribonucleosides Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure. CHEBI:39447 pyrimidines Any drug which can be used to prevent or alleviate glaucoma, a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, resulting in progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, though not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye. CHEBI:39456 antiglaucoma drug CHEBI:39457 pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen. CHEBI:39474 polyazaalkane A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:39478 buta-1,3-diene CHEBI:39479 butadiene CHEBI:39481 chloroprene A chlorohydrocarbon carrying one or more chloro groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:39482 chloroolefin A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. CHEBI:39548 atorvastatin A <em>N</em>-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of bicalutamide. CHEBI:39589 (R)-bicalutamide A β-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of <em>Curcuma longa</em>. CHEBI:3962 curcumin A <em>N</em>-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group. CHEBI:39678 metsulfuron methyl A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. CHEBI:39745 dihydrogenphosphate An ether that is the methyl ether derivative of ethanol. CHEBI:39832 methoxyethane A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. 2-propylpentanoic acid CHEBI:39867 valproic acid 2-propylpentanoic acid ChEMBL CHEBI:3992 cyclic ketone A mononitrotoluene carrying a nitro group at position 3. CHEBI:39931 3-nitrotoluene A member of the class of triazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties. CHEBI:40036 amitrole An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol. CHEBI:40116 propyl acetate A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9<em>H</em>-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups. CHEBI:40235 9H-purine-2,6-diamine A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. CHEBI:40237 sitagliptin A phosphorodiamide that is 1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide substituted by two 2-chloroethyl groups at the amino nitrogen atom. CHEBI:4027 cyclophosphamide A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. CHEBI:40279 allopurinol A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as <em>Aspergillus terreus</em> and <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> (oyster mushroom). CHEBI:40303 lovastatin A cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eleven amino acids; an immunosuppressant drug widely used in post-allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system, and therefore the risk of organ rejection. Also causes reversible inhibition of immunocompetent lymphocytes in the G0- and G1-phase of the cell cycle. CHEBI:4031 cyclosporin A A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile. CHEBI:4034 cyfluthrin A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol. CHEBI:4035 cyhalothrin A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile. CHEBI:4042 cypermethrin A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is <em>N</em>-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including <em>Tapesia yallundae</em>, <em>Botrytis</em> spp., <em>Alternaria</em> spp. and <em>Rhynchospium secalis</em>. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees. CHEBI:4045 cyprodinil Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract. CHEBI:404903 ertapenem ADAMANTANE CHEBI:40519 adamantane ADAMANTANE PDBeChem <small>L</small>-Canavanine in zwitterionic form. CHEBI:405237 L-canavanine zwitterion The anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of cerivastatin. CHEBI:406059 cerivastatin(1-) The <i>S</i>-enantiomer of adrenaline. CHEBI:40751 (S)-adrenaline An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c<small>₁</small>, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture. CHEBI:40909 azoxystrobin azide CHEBI:40910 azide anion azide ChEBI A carotenone that consists of β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3<i>S</i>,3'<i>S</i> diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. CHEBI:40968 astaxanthin A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and <em>O</em>-phospohorylation. CHEBI:41039 benfotiamine A butanediol that is butane in which one hydrogen of each of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, water-miscible, viscous liquid at room temperature (m.p. 16°C) with a high boiling point (230°C), it is mainly used for the production of other organic chemicals, particularly the solvent oxolane (also known as tetrahydrofuran or THF). CHEBI:41189 butane-1,4-diol CHEBI:41218 mercaptoethanol The 1<em>H</em>-tautomer of benzimidazole. BENZIMIDAZOLE Benzimidazole benzimidazole CHEBI:41275 1H-benzimidazole BENZIMIDAZOLE PDBeChem Benzimidazole KEGG_COMPOUND benzimidazole IUPAC The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. Benzophenone DIPHENYLMETHANONE CHEBI:41308 benzophenone Benzophenone KEGG_COMPOUND DIPHENYLMETHANONE PDBeChem A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens of each amino group is replaced by a phenyl group. It is present in coconut milk (<em>Cocos nucifera</em>). CHEBI:41320 1,3-diphenylurea CHEBI:41402 carboxymethyl group A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1<em>H</em>-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and <em>p</em>-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis. CHEBI:41423 celecoxib CHEBI:41550 fluoroform An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. CHEBI:41607 crotonaldehyde CHEBI:41609 carbonate A glucopyranose having <small>D</small>-configuration. CHEBI:4167 D-glucopyranose CHEBI:41774 tamoxifen A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms. DECANE CHEBI:41808 decane DECANE PDBeChem A fluorinated steroid that is 9-fluoropregna-1,4-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21, a methyl group at position 16 and oxo groups at positions 3 and 20. It is a synthetic member of the class of glucocorticoids. CHEBI:41879 dexamethasone A tertiary amine oxide that is the <em>N</em>-oxide of <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyldecan-1-amine. CHEBI:41899 decylamine-N,N-dimethyl-N-oxide An <em>ortho</em>-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings. INDENE indene CHEBI:41921 1H-indene INDENE PDBeChem indene NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An olefinic compound that is <i>trans</i>-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by <em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl groups. CHEBI:41922 diethylstilbestrol A hexose that has <small>D</small>-configuration at position 5. CHEBI:4194 D-hexose A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine. CHEBI:41941 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. CHEBI:41948 eflornithine A natural product found in <em>Actinomadura roseola</em>. CHEBI:41977 daunorubicin An anthracycline cation resulting from the protonation of the amino group of 4'-epidoxorubicin. CHEBI:41983 4'-epidoxorubicinium A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by chlorine. CHEBI:420128 5-chlorosalicylic acid A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. 2,4-DINITROPHENOL 2,4-Dinitrophenol CHEBI:42017 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-DINITROPHENOL PDBeChem 2,4-Dinitrophenol KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:42068 idarubicin An optically active form of lactic acid having (<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:42111 (R)-lactic acid A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1<i>S</i>)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the <em>pro</em>-<i>R</i> hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9<em>H</em>-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection. CHEBI:421707 abacavir A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid. CHEBI:421840 O-methylsalicylic acid A tetracarboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of all four carboxy groups in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). CHEBI:42191 EDTA(4-) An optically active form of lactic acid having (<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:422 (S)-lactic acid A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. CHEBI:42223 emodin An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. ETHANE CHEBI:42266 ethane ETHANE PDBeChem An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-<em>C</em>-methyl-3-<em>O</em>-methyl-α-<small>L</small>-<i>ribo</i>-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-<small>D</small>-<i>xylo</i>-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. ERYTHROMYCIN Erythromycin CHEBI:42355 erythromycin A ERYTHROMYCIN ChEMBL Erythromycin ChEMBL KEGG_COMPOUND A labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian <em>Coleus</em> plant. CHEBI:42471 forskolin CHEBI:42485 formyl group CHEBI:42492 fluorescin A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3' and 4'. CHEBI:42567 fisetin An aromatic ketone in which the two substituents on the carbonyl C atom are phenyl and ethyl. CHEBI:425902 propiophenone A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has <i>R</i> configuration. CHEBI:42724 (R)-amphetamine A γ-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. CHEBI:42797 gabapentin An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. GUANIDINE CHEBI:42820 guanidine GUANIDINE PDBeChem CHEBI:42843 glycinamide A thiosugar that is β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is replaced by a sulfanyl group CHEBI:42896 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose An ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the amino group of cyclohexylamine. CHEBI:42939 cyclohexylammonium The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of hydratropic acid. CHEBI:43035 (R)-hydratropic acid A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (<em>Pinus jeffreyi</em>). CHEBI:43098 heptane CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group CHEBI:43254 (4S)-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one An aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group. CHEBI:43355 indoxyl sulfate CHEBI:43415 dexibuprofen A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and iodine atoms. CHEBI:43451 hydrogen iodide A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate. CHEBI:43474 hydrogenphosphate A pyranone that is 4<em>H</em>-pyran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a hydroxymethyl group at position 2 and an oxo group at position 4. It has been isolated from the fungus <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em>. CHEBI:43572 kojic acid A dihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6α-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. CHEBI:43602 obeticholic acid An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4. CHEBI:43745 pyrimidine-2,4-diamine A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. CHEBI:43799 butan-1-amine An organic cation that is phenothiazin-5-ium substituted by dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 7. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'methylene blue'. CHEBI:43830 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. CHEBI:43871 fasudil A member of the class of azetidines that is (2<i>S</i>)-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid in which the carboxylic acid has been converted to the amide corresponding to formal condensation with 4-(aminomethyl)benzenecarboximidamide and in which the hydrogen attached to the azetidine nitrogen is replaced by a (2<i>R</i>)-2-cyclohexyl-2-[(carboxymethyl)amino]acetyl group. CHEBI:43966 melagatran A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. CHEBI:43968 meropenem An iminium ion obtained by dimethylation of the imino group of 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-imine. Used in the form of its chloride salt as a green-coloured dye. CHEBI:44107 malachite green cation A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a <em>tert</em>-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively. CHEBI:44156 terbutryn CHEBI:44185 methotrexate A naphthalenesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked to position 2 of the naphthalene ring. CHEBI:44229 naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from <em>Streptomyces lavendulae</em>, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. CHEBI:443725 fosmidomycin A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by a methyl group at one of the nitrogen atoms. CHEBI:44383 N-methyl urea A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. An antineoplastic used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia as well as for sickle-cell disease. N-HYDROXYUREA CHEBI:44423 hydroxyurea N-HYDROXYUREA PDBeChem CHEBI:4445 desflurane CHEBI:44557 nitrilotriacetic acid A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C<small>₃₈</small> fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. CHEBI:44658 okadaic acid CHEBI:4466 dexmedetomidine The <small>L</small>-enantiomer of ornithinium(2+). CHEBI:44667 L-ornithinium(2+) An adenosine 3'-phosphate that is ADP carrying a phospate group at the 3'-position. It is potent inhibitor of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. CHEBI:44672 3'-phosphate-adenosine-5'-diphosphate A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has <i>S</i> configuration. CHEBI:4469 (S)-amphetamine A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2<em>H</em>-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have <i>S</i>-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. CHEBI:4470 dextromethorphan CHEBI:44785 peroxide A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-<em>sn</em>-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. CHEBI:44811 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine An organic disulfide where the organic group specified is allyl. It has been isolated from garlic and other species of the genus <em>Allium</em>. CHEBI:4488 diallyl disulfide A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from <em>Melicope ptelefolia</em>. CHEBI:44884 pentan-1-ol A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:44915 propofol A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10<em>H</em>-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10. CHEBI:44932 acepromazine A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids. CHEBI:44976 phosphonic acid CHEBI:4503 Dichloroacetylene A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid. CHEBI:45064 phosphite(3-) A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-diclofop-methyl. A proherbicide for diclofop, it is used for the control of wild oats and annual weeds in wheat, barley, rye and broad-leaved crops. CHEBI:4510 diclofop-methyl A branched, short-chain fatty acid composed of propanoic acid having two methyl substituents at the 2-position. CHEBI:45133 pivalic acid A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphoric acid. CHEBI:45212 diphosphate(2-) A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper. HEXADECANE CHEBI:45296 hexadecane HEXADECANE PDBeChem A sulfonamide in which the sulfamoyl functional group is attached to aniline at the 4-position. CHEBI:45373 sulfanilamide An amino acid consisting of carbamic acid having an <em>N</em>-methyl substituent. CHEBI:45379 methylcarbamic acid An <small>L</small>-valine derivative that is <small>L</small>-valinamide in which α-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP<small>₃</small>A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. CHEBI:45409 ritonavir An adenosine that is the the δ-(5'-adenosyl) derivative of ornithine. CHEBI:45453 sinefungin The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of 2-methylbutanoic acid. 2-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID CHEBI:45525 (R)-2-methylbutyric acid 2-METHYLBUTANOIC ACID PDBeChem CHEBI:45557 sec-butyl group A C<small>₇</small>, straight-chain fatty acid that contributes to the odour of some rancid oils. Used in the preparation of esters for the fragrance industry, and as an additive in cigarettes. HEPTANOIC ACID CHEBI:45571 heptanoic acid HEPTANOIC ACID PDBeChem DODECYL SULFATE CHEBI:45599 dodecyl hydrogen sulfate DODECYL SULFATE PDBeChem A nucleoside 5'-diphosphate(3−) arising from deprotonation of all three diphosphate OH groups of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP); major species present at pH 7.3. CHEBI:456216 ADP(3-) An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position. CHEBI:45630 4-oxopentanoic acid CHEBI:45696 hydrogensulfate A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). CHEBI:45716 vorinostat An ammonium ion obtained by the protonation of all four amino groups of spermine. CHEBI:45725 spermine(4+) A tetracyclic diterpenoid isolated originally from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, <em>Taxus brevifolia</em>. It is a mitotic inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy. Note that the use of the former generic name 'taxol' is now limited, as Taxol is a registered trade mark. CHEBI:45863 paclitaxel A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. CHEBI:45895 tert-butanol A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. CHEBI:45906 suramin An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. CHEBI:45924 trimethoprim A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a 1,3-thiazol-4-yl substituent at position 2. A mainly post-harvest fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including <em>Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium</em> and <em>Fusarium</em>. 2-(1,3-THIAZOL-4-YL)-1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE CHEBI:45979 thiabendazole 2-(1,3-THIAZOL-4-YL)-1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE PDBeChem An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles. CHEBI:45993 benzothiazole CHEBI:46024 trichostatin A A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. CHEBI:46053 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE CHEBI:46077 4H-1,2,4-triazole 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE PDBeChem A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1<em>H</em>-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. CHEBI:46081 fluconazole CHEBI:4609 Dimethyl phthalate A <em>C</em>-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. CHEBI:46149 picric acid A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. CHEBI:46195 paracetamol An amino aldehyde that is <small>L</small>-tyrosine in which the carboxy group has undergone formal redution to give the corrresponding aldehyde CHEBI:46209 L-tyrosinal A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the <i>E</i>- configuration. CHEBI:46245 coenzyme Q10 A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in <em>N</em>-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing. CHEBI:46261 N-phenylthiourea A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3β position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has <i>R</i>- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in <em>Dioscorea</em> (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. CHEBI:4629 diosgenin A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. UNDECANE CHEBI:46342 undecane UNDECANE PDBeChem A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. 5-Fluorouracil CHEBI:46345 5-fluorouracil 5-Fluorouracil KEGG_COMPOUND A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4. CHEBI:4638 diphenidol An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union. CHEBI:4640 diphenylamine A cyclodepsipeptide that is <em>N</em>-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-<small>L</small>-threonyl-<small>D</small>-α-aminobutyryl-<small>L</small>-prolyl-<em>N</em>-methyl-<small>L</small>-phenylalanyl-4-oxo-<small>L</small>-pipecoloyl-<small>L</small>-2-phenylglycine in which the carboxy group of the 2-phenylglycine moiety has undergone formal intramolecular condensation with the hydroxy group of the <em>N</em>-(3-hydroxypicolinoyl)-<small>L</small>-threonyl to give the corresponding 19-membered ring lactone. It is one of the two major components of the antibacterial drug virginiamycin, produced by <em>Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus,</em> and others. CHEBI:46416 virginiamycin S1 The (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-stereoisomer of α-tocopherol. CHEBI:46430 (S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO<small>₄</small> in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. CHEBI:46442 vanadate(3-) The (<i>R</i>)-enantiomer of ofloxacin. CHEBI:46577 dextrofloxacin An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. CHEBI:4659 disulfiram CHEBI:46629 oxo group CHEBI:46630 2,6-dichloroaniline CHEBI:46631 clonidine The class of β-lactam antibiotics that whose members have a carbapenem skeleton which is variously substituted at positions 3, 4, and 6. CHEBI:46633 carbapenems CHEBI:46634 carbapenemcarboxylic acid A compound that contains two ketone functionalities. CHEBI:46640 diketone An alkyl alcohol that is propan-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. CHEBI:46645 isobutanol CHEBI:46648 nitrite salt Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. CHEBI:46661 asbestos In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). CHEBI:46662 mineral CHEBI:46663 silicate mineral Any carboxylic ester derivative of an amino acid. CHEBI:46668 amino-acid ester A mixture of valproic acid and its sodium salt in a 1:1 molar ratio. It is used for the management and treatment of seizure disorders, mania, and prophylactic treatment of migraine headache. CHEBI:4667 valproate semisodium CHEBI:46686 azaalkane CHEBI:46687 diazaalkane CHEBI:46690 reserpic acid CHEBI:46691 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone A compound derived from a hydrocarbon by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms. CHEBI:46695 fluorohydrocarbon CHEBI:46699 pyrazolopyridine Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton. CHEBI:46700 benzoxazole CHEBI:46701 pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the <em>N</em>-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by <em>N</em>-<em>tert</em>-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:4672 docetaxel anhydrous CHEBI:46721 carbonate salt CHEBI:46725 oxide mineral CHEBI:46733 oxabicycloalkane Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. CHEBI:46761 dipeptide CHEBI:46766 N-acylpyrrolidine CHEBI:46767 pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid CHEBI:46770 pyrrolidinecarboxamide CHEBI:46771 pyrrolopyridine Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage. CHEBI:46774 polyether CHEBI:46775 N-alkylpyrrolidine A polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol. CHEBI:46784 diglyme A polyether in which the number of ether linkages is 2. CHEBI:46786 diether A substance that dissolves other substances (solutes) to form a solution without any change in their chemical composition. CHEBI:46787 solvent A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol. 2-ETHOXYETHANOL 2-Ethoxyethanol CHEBI:46788 2-ethoxyethanol 2-ETHOXYETHANOL PDBeChem 2-Ethoxyethanol KEGG_COMPOUND Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position. CHEBI:46789 hydroxyether A hydroxyether that is ethanol substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. 2-METHOXYETHANOL CHEBI:46790 2-methoxyethanol 2-METHOXYETHANOL PDBeChem A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group. CHEBI:46792 hydroxypolyether A polymer composed of repeating ethyleneoxy units. CHEBI:46793 poly(ethylene glycol) CHEBI:46800 ethanethioic O-acid 2,2'-Oxydiethanol CHEBI:46807 diethylene glycol 2,2'-Oxydiethanol KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:46812 1,3-oxazoles An organic anion obtained by removal of at least one proton from any uric acid. CHEBI:46818 urate anion Molecular entities containing an indacene skeleton. CHEBI:46834 indacenes An α-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of sarcosine, arising from protonation of the amino group. CHEBI:46842 sarcosinium CHEBI:46844 N-acylpiperazine CHEBI:46845 N-alkylpiperazine CHEBI:46847 N-iminopiperazine CHEBI:46848 N-arylpiperazine CHEBI:46850 organoammonium salt CHEBI:46851 N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine CHEBI:46867 indolyl carboxylic acid The amino acid ester derivative obtained the formal condensation of an α-amino acid with an alcohol. CHEBI:46874 alpha-amino acid ester CHEBI:46883 carboxy group A triacyl lipopeptide that is the pentapeptide Cys-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys in which the side-chain thiol hydrogen on the Cys residue has been replaced by a 2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl group. CHEBI:46889 S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]-Cys-Ser-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys A compound consisting of a peptide with attached lipid. CHEBI:46895 lipopeptide CHEBI:46896 diacyl lipopeptide CHEBI:46899 benzothiazine A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of oxalic acid. CHEBI:46904 oxalate(1-) A pantothenic acid having <i>R</i>-configuration. CHEBI:46905 (R)-pantothenic acid A polar amino acid zwitterion of <small>L</small>-ornithine. CHEBI:46911 L-ornithinium(1+) CHEBI:46912 ornithinium(1+) CHEBI:46913 ornithinium(2+) An <small>L</small>-α-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of <small>L</small>-ornithine. CHEBI:46914 L-ornithinate An α-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of sarcosine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. CHEBI:46915 sarcosinate CHEBI:46916 vinyl acetate CHEBI:46920 N-methylpiperazine Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms. CHEBI:46923 dioxane CHEBI:46926 dioxanes A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. CHEBI:46931 capsaicinoid CHEBI:46932 dihydrocapsaicin CHEBI:46938 zebularine CHEBI:46940 indanes Any organic heteromonocyclic compoundthat is oxane or its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:46942 oxanes CHEBI:46945 N-acyldiazepane CHEBI:46946 N-sulfonyldiazepane CHEBI:46952 oxazinane Compounds containing an anthracene skeleton. CHEBI:46955 anthracenes CHEBI:46961 phytosphingosine An aminodiol composed of any octadecene having hydroxy functional groups at positions 1 and 3 and an amino substituent at position 2. CHEBI:46963 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. CHEBI:46964 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol A 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol having (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:46965 (2R,3S)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol A (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>)-2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol in which the double bond has <i>E</i> geochemistry. CHEBI:46967 L-erythro-sphingosine An aminodiol that is octadecane bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 3 as well as an amino substituent at position 2. CHEBI:46968 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol CHEBI:46969 benzoxazine CHEBI:46986 azepanes A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in <small>L</small>-glyceraldehyde. CHEBI:46997 L-ribose A cyclic ribose having a 5-membered tetrahydrofuran ring; the predominant (C3'-endo) form of the two cyclic structures (the other is the "C2'-endo" form, having a 6-membered ring) adopted by ribose in aqueous solution. CHEBI:46998 ribofuranose An ribofuranose having <small>L</small>-configuration. CHEBI:47000 L-ribofuranose A <small>D</small>-ribofuranose in which the anomeric centre has β-configuration. CHEBI:47002 beta-D-ribose CHEBI:47005 beta-L-ribose A ribofuranose having <small>D</small>-configuration. D-Ribose CHEBI:47013 D-ribofuranose D-Ribose KEGG_COMPOUND Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring. CHEBI:47016 tetrahydrofuranone CHEBI:47017 tetrahydrofuranol CHEBI:47018 monohydroxytetrahydrofuran CHEBI:47019 dihydroxytetrahydrofuran Compounds having the structure RSe<small>₂</small>R, with R ≠ H. CHEBI:47026 diselenide A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4. 1,4-Dioxane CHEBI:47032 1,4-dioxane 1,4-Dioxane KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:4705 double-stranded DNA A member of the class of bromomethanes that is methane substituted by two bromo groups. It is produced by marine algae. CHEBI:47077 dibromomethane A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention. 1,2,3,4,5-PENTACHLOROBENZENE CHEBI:47136 pentachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4,5-PENTACHLOROBENZENE PDBeChem arsine CHEBI:47217 arsane arsine NIST_Chemistry_WebBook A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-bromouracil as the nucleobase. CHEBI:472552 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms. hydrogen bromide CHEBI:47266 hydrogen bromide hydrogen bromide NIST_Chemistry_WebBook An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of chlorimuron with ethanol. A proherbicide for chloimuron, it is used as herbicide for the control of broad-leaved weeds in peanuts, soya beans, and other crops. CHEBI:47319 chlorimuron-ethyl CHEBI:4735 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid CHEBI:4738 EPTC A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. CHEBI:47381 diclofenac Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. CHEBI:473990 entecavir (anhydrous) A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several <em>Streptomyces</em> species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. CHEBI:473992 nystatin A1 A semisynthetic cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-β-<small>D</small>-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. CHEBI:474180 caspofungin A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. CHEBI:47426 furosemide A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid. CHEBI:474859 maleic anhydride A dibenzoazepine that is 5<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>f</em>]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. CHEBI:47499 imipramine A <i>cis</i>-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1<em>H</em>-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:47518 (2S,4R)-ketoconazole A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)- and (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-ketoconazole. CHEBI:47519 ketoconazole CHEBI:47553 2-chloroethyl group The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12°C), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. CHEBI:47554 chloroethane An organic calcium salt of EDTA diisodium. It is a chelating agent that is used for the treatment of lead poisoning. CHEBI:4757 EDTA monocalcium diisodium salt CHEBI:47600 purvalanol A A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid. Benafibrate is used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. CHEBI:47612 bezafibrate The hydrochloride and hydrate of the trypanocidal drug eflornithine. CHEBI:4762 eflornithine hydrochloride monohydrate Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. CHEBI:47622 acetate ester A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4 and 6 have been replaced by bromines. It is commonly used as a fungicide and in the preparation of flame retardants. CHEBI:47696 2,4,6-tribromophenol CHEBI:47697 4,5,6,7-TETRABROMOBENZOTRIAZOLE CHEBI:47704 ammonium salt A peptide antibiotic that is vancomycin lacking the disaccharide moiety. CHEBI:47724 vancomycin aglycone An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. CHEBI:4775 ellagic acid Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). CHEBI:47774 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol Cholesterol esters and free cholesterol which are contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). CHEBI:47775 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. CHEBI:47778 glyceride CHEBI:47779 aminoglycoside A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5<em>H</em>-dibenzo[<em>b</em>,<em>f</em>]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. 3-(10,11-DIHYDRO-5H-DIBENZO[B,F]AZEPIN-5-YL)-N-METHYLPROPAN-1-AMINE CHEBI:47781 desipramine 3-(10,11-DIHYDRO-5H-DIBENZO[B,F]AZEPIN-5-YL)-N-METHYLPROPAN-1-AMINE PDBeChem CHEBI:47783 cyclopentafuran Any oxo steroid that has an oxo substituent at position 11. CHEBI:47787 11-oxo steroid Any oxo steroid where an oxo substituent is located at position 3. CHEBI:47788 3-oxo steroid A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a seven-membered nitrogen hetrocycle fused with two benzene rings. CHEBI:47802 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine CHEBI:47804 dibenzoazepine An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. CHEBI:47807 sulforaphane CHEBI:47811 penamcarboxylate CHEBI:47814 tetrahydrofuryl ether CHEBI:47835 levibuprofen A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma. CHEBI:47856 citronellal CHEBI:47857 ureas Anything used in a scientific experiment to indicate the presence of a substance or quality, change in a body, etc. CHEBI:47867 indicator A chemical compound that can be excited by light of a specific wavelength and subsequently transfer energy to a chosen reactant. This is commonly molecular oxygen within a cancer tissue, which is converted to (highly rective) singlet state oxygen. This rapidly reacts with any nearby biomolecules, ultimately killing the cancer cells. CHEBI:47868 photosensitizing agent CHEBI:47869 thioglycolate(2-) A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups. CHEBI:47875 tetrabromomethane CHEBI:47880 steroid ester CHEBI:47881 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid CHEBI:47882 cyclic polypyrrole Any steroid substituted by at least one carboxy group. CHEBI:47891 steroid acid An anthracycline that is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. CHEBI:47898 4'-epidoxorubicin Organic derivatives of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon of an alkyl group. CHEBI:47901 alkanesulfonic acid An alkanethiol is a compound in which a sulfanyl group, ‒SH, is attached to an alkyl group. CHEBI:47908 alkanethiol A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the α,β position. CHEBI:47909 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10. CHEBI:4791 endosulfan CHEBI:47910 S-substituted L-cysteine Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:47916 flavonoid An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. CHEBI:4792 enflurane Any oligopeptide that consists of three amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. CHEBI:47923 tripeptide CHEBI:47945 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside Any primary amide having its amide oxygen replaced by sulfur. CHEBI:47956 thiocarboxamide An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. CHEBI:47958 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist Ethers ROR' where R has a double bond adjacent to the oxygen of the ether linkage. CHEBI:47985 enol ether An amine RNR'R'' where R has a double bond adjacent to the amine nitrogen. CHEBI:47989 enamine A compound, usually an anti-bacterial agent or a toxin, which inhibits the synthesis of a protein. CHEBI:48001 protein synthesis inhibitor CHEBI:48009 N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine Any hydroxyflavanone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3' of the phenyl ring. CHEBI:48024 3'-hydroxyflavanones Any molecule that contains four amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. CHEBI:48030 tetrapeptide A family of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by a number of cyanobacteria, the most notable of which is <em>Microcystis</em>, from which the name of the family is derived. Microcystins consist of a heptapeptide macrocycle made up of five non-protein amino acids and two protein amino acids. CHEBI:48041 microcystin A metabolite from <em>Penicillium brefeldianum</em> that exhibits a wide range of antibiotic activity. CHEBI:48080 brefeldin A Polypeptides synthesized by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. CHEBI:48081 bacteriocin A vinca alkaloid with a norvinblastine skeleton. CHEBI:480999 vinorelbine A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO<small>₃</small> in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. CHEBI:48107 nitric acid A <em>C</em>-nitro compound with formula C<small>₆</small>H<small>_{(6−<em>n</em>)}</small>(NO<small>₂</small>)<small>_<em>n</em></small> (<em>n</em> can be from 1 up to 6, but is usually 1, 2 or 3). A closed class. CHEBI:48109 nitrobenzenes A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)- and (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>)-epoxiconazole. A broad-spectrum fungicide for control of diseases caused by <em>Ascomycetes</em>, <em>Basidiomycetes</em> and <em>Deuteromycetes</em>. Epoxiconazole is moderately toxic to birds, honeybees, earthworms and most aquatic organisms. CHEBI:4811 epoxiconazole CHEBI:48110 trinitrobenzene A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is <em>meta</em>- to the other two. CHEBI:48113 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene CHEBI:48117 1-glycosylimidazole Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine. CHEBI:48120 anthracycline An olefin that contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond. CHEBI:48121 polyene CHEBI:48123 silicate ion A polyketide based on a tetracene ring structure. CHEBI:48132 tetracenomycin A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. CHEBI:4814 eprosartan CHEBI:48154 sulfur oxide CHEBI:48199 sulfamate ester CHEBI:48210 cyclopentafurofurochromene A substance used locally on humans and other animals to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity (cf. disinfectants, which destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects, and antibiotics, which can be transported through the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria within the body). CHEBI:48218 antiseptic drug An antimicrobial agent that is applied to non-living objects to destroy harmful microorganisms or to inhibit their activity. CHEBI:48219 disinfectant CHEBI:48232 calcium oxides CHEBI:48235 chromium oxide A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom. CHEBI:48236 trichlorofluoromethane CHEBI:48242 dichromium trioxide CHEBI:48277 triazolopyrazine CHEBI:48278 serotonergic drug Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonergic agonists. CHEBI:48279 serotonergic antagonist A member of the class of tryptamines that is serotonin in which one of the hydrogens attached to the primary amino group is replaced by a methyl group. CHEBI:48294 N-methylserotonin The conjugate base of diclofenac. CHEBI:48311 diclofenac(1-) A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell. CHEBI:48318 fragrance A <i>cis</i>-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1<em>H</em>-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-configuration. CHEBI:48336 (2R,4S)-ketoconazole A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [<em>para</em>-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. CHEBI:48339 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine An acetal that is the dimethyl acetal derivative of formaldehyde. CHEBI:48341 dimethoxymethane Compounds of structure RSSR'. CHEBI:48343 disulfide A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively. CHEBI:48347 triclocarban An exogenous or endogenous compound which inhibits serine endopeptidases. CHEBI:48353 serine proteinase inhibitor A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. CHEBI:48354 polar solvent CHEBI:48355 non-polar solvent A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. CHEBI:48356 protic solvent CHEBI:48357 aprotic solvent A solvent with a comparatively high relative permittivity (or dielectric constant), greater than ca. 15, and a sizable permanent dipole moment, that cannot donate suitably labile hydrogen atoms to form strong hydrogen bonds. CHEBI:48358 polar aprotic solvent Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. CHEBI:48359 protophilic solvent Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Brønsted acids and bases. CHEBI:48360 amphiprotic solvent Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base. CHEBI:48367 hydrobromide CHEBI:48369 organic bromide salt CHEBI:48376 carbamimidic acid Compounds derived from oxoacids R<small>_<em>k</em></small>E(=O)<small>_<em>l</em></small>(OH)<small>_<em>m</em></small> (<em>l</em> ≠ 0) by replacing =O by =NR; thus tautomers of amides. In organic chemistry an unspecified imidic acid is generally a carboximidic acid, RC(=NR)(OH). CHEBI:48377 imidic acid CHEBI:48378 carboximidic acid A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H<small>₂</small>NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. CHEBI:48379 isourea The simplest member of the class of methanediols that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been substituted by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:48397 methanediol A drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. CHEBI:48407 antiparkinson drug A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group. CHEBI:48408 ethyl vanillin A member of the class of biphenyls that consists of a biphenyl ring system substituted by a tetrazole ring at an unspecified position. CHEBI:48420 biphenylyltetrazole An agent and endogenous substances that antagonize or inhibit the development of new blood vessels. CHEBI:48422 angiogenesis inhibitor A local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. CHEBI:48425 topical anaesthetic A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate CHEBI:48430 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate KEGG_COMPOUND A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. CHEBI:48431 formimidic acid CHEBI:48432 angiotensin II CHEBI:48433 angiotensin CHEBI:48436 thiophenecarboxylic acid CHEBI:48437 cyclopentapyrimidine CHEBI:48442 purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside CHEBI:48470 amidobenzoic acid CHEBI:48471 sulfamoylbenzoate A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group. CHEBI:48498 thiophenol CHEBI:48513 carbazoles An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. CHEBI:48518 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine A 2-arylpropionic acid carrying a phenyl group at position 2. It is a metabolite of α-methylstyrene (AMS), a volatile hydrocarbon. CHEBI:48526 hydratropic acid CHEBI:48527 (S)-hydratropic acid CHEBI:48535 aryloxypyrimidine Any drug that acts on an α-adrenergic receptor. CHEBI:48539 alpha-adrenergic drug Any of the drugs that act on β-adrenergic receptors. CHEBI:48540 beta-adrenergic drug Esters or salts of methanesulfonic acid. CHEBI:48544 methanesulfonates CHEBI:48546 pyrimidinethione An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD<small>^+</small> or NADP<small>^+</small> acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). CHEBI:48550 EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor CHEBI:48551 guanidino group CHEBI:48552 medetomidine CHEBI:48555 levomedetomidine A drug used for its effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. CHEBI:48560 dopaminergic agent A drug that binds to but does not activate dopamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. CHEBI:48561 dopaminergic antagonist CHEBI:48563 methylsulfanyl group CHEBI:48565 methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate A role played by a substance that can react readily with, and thereby eliminate, radicals. CHEBI:48578 radical scavenger CHEBI:48585 heteroarylpiperidine CHEBI:48589 piperidones CHEBI:48590 hydroxypiperidine CHEBI:48591 N-acylpiperidine An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of two protons from arsenic acid. CHEBI:48597 arsenate(2-) An arsenate ion resulting from the removal of one proton from arsenic acid. CHEBI:48600 arsenate(1-) A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. CHEBI:48607 lithium chloride CHEBI:48626 pyranoindolizinoquinoline CHEBI:48654 pyrazolylpiperidine A drug that affects the function of fibrin in blood coagulation. CHEBI:48676 fibrin modulating drug CHEBI:48684 benzothiazepine Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. CHEBI:48705 agonist Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. CHEBI:48706 antagonist Any member of the class of nitroanisoles in which a single nitro group is attached to the anisole ring. CHEBI:48721 mononitroanisoles A member of the class of 2-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one of the hydrogens <em>ortho</em> to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group. CHEBI:48722 2-nitroanisole A monomethoxybenzene carrying one or more nitro substituents. CHEBI:48726 nitroanisoles Any member of the class of mononitroanisoles in which the nitro group is situated <em>ortho</em> to the methoxy group. CHEBI:48727 2-nitroanisoles Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals. CHEBI:48730 aluminosilicate mineral CHEBI:4875 etanercept The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. CHEBI:48765 dimethylarsinic acid An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. CHEBI:4877 ethambutol CHEBI:48775 cadmium(2+) CHEBI:48819 cyano group cobalt(2+) ion cobalt(II) cation CHEBI:48828 cobalt(2+) cobalt(2+) ion ChEBI cobalt(II) cation ChEBI Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin A. CHEBI:48844 roxithromycin Any fatty acid containing a ring composed of atoms including at least one heteroatom. CHEBI:48847 heterocyclic fatty acid CHEBI:48848 erythronolide A Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system. CHEBI:48850 alkyloxynaphthalene Any alkyloxynaphthalene bearing one or more methoxy substituents. CHEBI:48851 methoxynaphthalene Any member of the class of naphthalenes carrying two methyl groups at unspecified positions. CHEBI:48853 dimethylnaphthalene Sulfite CHEBI:48854 sulfurous acid Sulfite KEGG_COMPOUND CHEBI:48857 sulfite salt CHEBI:48864 benzothiadiazole Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. CHEBI:48873 cholinergic antagonist A drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists. CHEBI:48876 muscarinic antagonist An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. CHEBI:48878 nicotinic antagonist CHEBI:48888 pyridoindole CHEBI:48891 thiazolidinone CHEBI:48898 oxadiazane An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom. CHEBI:48901 thiazoles CHEBI:48902 1,2-thiazoles CHEBI:48909 imidazothiazole CHEBI:48912 benzotriazoles Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete <em>Saccharopolyspora erythraea</em> (formerly known as <em>Streptomyces erythraeus</em>). CHEBI:48923 erythromycin CHEBI:48924 erythromycin derivative Any <small>L</small>-α-amino acid carrying an <em>N</em>-acyl substituent. CHEBI:48927 N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid A tartaric acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid. CHEBI:48929 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. CHEBI:48935 (E)-roxithromycin A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of isovaleric acid; reported to improve ruminal fermentation and feed digestion in cattle. CHEBI:48942 isovalerate A member of the class of propanals that is propanal substituted by a methyl group at position 2. CHEBI:48943 isobutyraldehyde CHEBI:48946 2-methylbutyrate CHEBI:48958 1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide) Compounds containing single ‒N=N‒ group. CHEBI:48959 monoazo compound Any azo compound containing two ‒N=N‒ groups. CHEBI:48960 bis(azo) compound CHEBI:48975 substituted aniline Any member of the class of mononitroanisoles in which the nitro group is situated <em>para</em> to the methoxy group. CHEBI:48976 4-nitroanisoles CHEBI:48977 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline A monocarboxylic acid anion that is obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. CHEBI:48999 4-hydroxyphenylacetate A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. CHEBI:49000 2-phenylethanol A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. CHEBI:49005 deferasirox CHEBI:49007 D-citrulline A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light. CHEBI:490095 esculetin A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. CHEBI:49020 hormone antagonist A compound that inhibits the action of prostaglandins. CHEBI:49023 prostaglandin antagonist A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. CHEBI:49028 acetimidic acid A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen. CHEBI:49029 N-hydroxyacetimidic acid A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. CHEBI:4903 17alpha-ethynylestradiol CHEBI:49043 beta-lactone CHEBI:49073 beta-propiolactone CHEBI:49074 propan-3-olide A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. CHEBI:490877 didanosine CHEBI:49095 beta-amino-acid anion The ethyl ester of 1-[(1<i>R</i>)-1-phenylethyl]-1<em>H</em>-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. CHEBI:4910 etomidate CHEBI:49103 drug metabolite A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. CHEBI:49105 thiamine hydrochloride A primary ammonium ion that is the conjugate acid of thiamine(1+) resulting from the protonation of the primary amino group. CHEBI:49107 thiamine(2+) CHEBI:4911 etoposide A drug that acts principally at one or more sites within the peripheral neuroeffector systems, the autonomic system, and motor nerve-skeletal system. CHEBI:49110 peripheral nervous system drug A drug designed to prevent leukotriene synthesis or activity by blocking binding at the receptor level. CHEBI:49159 leukotriene antagonist CHEBI:49165 montelukast(1-) A drug used to treat asthma. CHEBI:49167 anti-asthmatic drug A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. CHEBI:49168 dopa The <small>D</small>-enantiomer of dopa. CHEBI:49169 D-dopa A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted <em>para</em> to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. CHEBI:4917 eugenol CHEBI:4918 O-methyleugenol CHEBI:49188 2-methyl-branched fatty aldehyde An EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H<small>^+</small>/K<small>^+</small>-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors. CHEBI:49200 EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. CHEBI:49201 anti-ulcer drug CHEBI:49202 elemental platinum Any inhibitor of cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP), which transfers cholesterol from high density lipoproteins (HDL, the 'good' cholesterol-containing particles) to low or very low density lipoproteins (LDL or VLDL, the 'bad' cholesterol-containing particles). Inhibition of this process results in higher HDL levels and lower LDL levels. CETP inhibitors are under investigation as potential drugs to reduce the risk of arteriosclerotic vascular disease (atherosclerosis). CHEBI:49205 CETP inhibitor CHEBI:49267 bisanthene CHEBI:49302 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid CHEBI:49318 piperidine antibiotic CHEBI:49319 carbocyclic antibiotic An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity. CHEBI:49322 anthracycline antibiotic A chemical substance that prevents or reduces the probability of conception. CHEBI:49323 contraceptive drug A chemical substance or agent with contraceptive activity in females. CHEBI:49324 female contraceptive drug A compound, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. CHEBI:49325 oral contraceptive An oral contraceptive which owes its effectiveness to synthetic preparation. CHEBI:49326 synthetic oral contraceptive An α-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of <small>L</small>-phenylalanine. CHEBI:49339 methyl L-phenylalaninate An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN). N-(2-CHLORO-6-METHYLPHENYL)-2-({6-[4-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL]-2-METHYLPYRIMIDIN-4-YL}AMINO)-1,3-THIAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDE CHEBI:49375 dasatinib (anhydrous) N-(2-CHLORO-6-METHYLPHENYL)-2-({6-[4-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL]-2-METHYLPYRIMIDIN-4-YL}AMINO)-1,3-THIAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDE PDBeChem bromic acid CHEBI:49382 bromic acid bromic acid PDBeChem CHEBI:4940 Euphol CHEBI:49468 silver(1+)