http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities The Environment Ontology https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/ https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ ENVO Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/chemical_concentration.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 679 Logical Axioms: 119] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 206 Logical Axioms: 34] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 168 Logical Axioms: 29] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 40 Logical Axioms: 6] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] 2024-02-16 http://environmentontology.org/ editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from expand expression to expand assertion to term replaced by plural form An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive EnvO-Lite-GSC A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from true true disconnected_from A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Disposition slim environmental_hazards envoANZSoil envoAstro envoAtmo envoCesab envoCmecs envoEOVs envoEmpo envoMarine envoMeo envoNceas envoOmics envoPlastics envoPolar Pathology slim nlcd2011 Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist ro-eco Scalar slim Value slim wwfBiome subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of results in transformation into Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of To be ceded to RO results in proliferation of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates obsolete determined by true obsolete determined by part of true inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other. Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label David Osumi-Sutherland Example: if we define region of chromosome as any subdivision of a chromosome along its long axis, then we can define a region of chromosome that contains only gene x as 'chromosome region' that coincident_with some 'gene x', where the term gene X corresponds to a genomic sequence. coincident with A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland di Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. David Osumi-Sutherland connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) continuous with FMA:85972 x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) partially overlaps x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Chris Mungall Jennifer Deegan Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to part of true Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in capable of part of true OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role Chris Mungall agent in Obsoleted as the inverse property was obsoleted. obsolete actively participates in true OBSOLETE x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y Chris Mungall has agent obsolete has active participant true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing Chris Mungall EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall starts with process that occurs in has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. Pier Buttigieg adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. Chris Mungall In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a Chris Mungall attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. Chris Mungall drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x Chris Mungall branch of distributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary This is both a mereotopological relationship and a relationship defined in connection to processes. It concerns both the connecting structure, and how this structure is disposed to causally affect flow processes distributary of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location Chris Mungall This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts. Chris Mungall interacts with on organism level biotically interacts with http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith An interaction relationship in which the partners are related via a feeding relationship. Chris Mungall trophically interacts with Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall Intended to be used when the target of the relation is not itself consumed, and does not have integral parts consumed, but provided nutrients in some other fashion. acquires nutrients from Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) Chris Mungall provides nutrients for 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships Chris Mungall transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t Chris Mungall immediate transformation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. Chris Mungall towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg determined by inverse of determined by Chris Mungall determines (material entity to system) determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of true Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to Chris Mungall participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. cjm 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda' "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients. Damion Dooley has substance added A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. Austin Meier Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Marie Angelique Laporte triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process RO:cjm Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA. The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel. The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board. The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score. This pdf file generically depends on this server. A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*. [072-ISO] g-depends on generically depends on Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information. This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy. This hard drive is carrier of these data items. *b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t* [072-ISO] is carrier of The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) spatial region temporal region spatiotemporal region An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role fiat object fiat object part object aggregate site object A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant function p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) one-dimensional temporal region An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity material entity b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) immaterial entity one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary electron C19-steroid dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives metal oxide NAD NAD(P)H chlorofluorocarbon volatile organic compound titanium oxides glycol pyrrolopurine metalloid atom Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity carotenoid beta-end derivative chlorophyll(1-) chlorophyllide(2-) kaolin ultra-long-chain fatty acid ultra-long-chain fatty acid anion manganese dihydroxide manganese hydroxide electron donor acceptor acrolein water hydron dioxygen Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen ATP argon-39 atom copper(II) phthalocyanine copper tetrapyrrole sarcosine primary alcohol GTP halide anion An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn ammonia hydrogen sulfide methane A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion sulfate urea hydroxide ethanol hydrogen peroxide chitosan nitrite hyaluronic acid pantothenate NADPH naphthalene carbon dioxide Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. carbohydrate carbohydrates Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum carbohydrate peptide soybean oil nucleoside 5'-phosphate benzene mineral nutrient Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. glycans glycan paralytic shellfish toxin formaldehyde chlorophyllide a NADH heteroglycan propane-1,2-diol chitin dinitrogen oxide fluoride ketone carbon monoxide nucleoside 5'-triphoshate testosterone aldehyde hydrogencarbonate alginic acid toluene beta-carotene nitrate electron acceptor methanol organohalogen compound hydrogen chloride donor ribonucleoside triphosphate chloride dinitrogen lipid glycosaminoglycan trimethylamine hydrogen halide A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. Polysaccharide polysaccharides Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos polysaccharide chlorophyll a (1->4)-beta-D-glucan An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron iron atom dihydrogen manganese atom alkane phosphate(3-) hydrogen cyanide sulfur dioxide inorganic calcium salt N-acylglucosamine N-acyl-hexosamine N-methyl-amino acid N-methylglycines acetamides adenosine phosphate alkaline earth metal atom alkali metal atom alkaloid alkyl group alkylamines aminoglycan A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion arsenate ion arsenic molecular entity base benzenes benzoates benzopyrrole branched-chain amino acid bromine atom cadmium atom calcium atom calcium molecular entity carbamate ester carbon oxide carbonates carotene epoxycarotenoid carotenoid carotenol chloride salt chlorine atom chlorine molecular entity chromium molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity copper molecular entity cyclic peptide diol drug monoatomic anion monoatomic cation enzyme inhibitor ethanols fluorine atom fluorine molecular entity glucosamines glycine derivative A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role group guanidines guanosine phosphate halogen molecular entity halogen organic heterocyclic compound heterodetic cyclic peptide hexosamine hydrocarbon proton Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides hydroxybenzoate indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid inorganic anions inorganic anion A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity inorganic oxides inorganic oxide inorganic peroxide inorganic salt inorganic sulfate salt A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt monoatomic ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion iron molecular entity iron compounds iron molecular entities iron molecular entity isoprenoid lead atom leucine magnesium atom magnesium molecular entity magnesium porphyrin manganese molecular entity metabolite metal cation metalloporphyrin methyl ester methylamines mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule monocarboxylic acid monohydroxybenzoate monoatomic monocation monoatomic polycation mutagen mycotoxin naphthalenes neoxanthin neurotransmitter NADP NAD(P) nicotinamide nucleotide nitrogen 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom nitrous acid nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom nucleoside phosphate organic heteromonocyclic compound organic anion organic cation ether organic ion organic oxide organic phosphate aliphatic alcohol organophosphorus compound An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity ozone aldopentose phosphate peroxides pesticide Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates phosphates phosphate phosphoric acid derivative phosphorus molecular entities phosphorus molecular entity biological pigment polar amino acid polyester macromolecule polyol porphyrins potassium atom potassium molecular entity propane-1,2-diols propanediol purine nucleoside triphosphate purine nucleotide purine ribonucleoside triphosphate purine ribonucleotide purines pyridines quinate radical reactive oxygen species ribonucleotide ribose phosphate saturated fatty acid silicic acid silicon molecular entity sodium atom sodium chloride sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity sodium salt carbohydrate phosphate sulfates sulfide sulfur 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion sulfur atom sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities sulfur molecular entity A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid sulfuric acid terpenoid tertiary alcohol tetrapyrrole tetraterpenoid organic heterotricyclic compound threonine tin atom toluenes toxin micronutrient Anatoxin a An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom monoatomic trication organic heterobicyclic compound vanadium molecular entity very long-chain fatty acid violaxanthin xanthophyll xylene zinc atom zinc molecular entity methanesulfonic acid zeaxanthin boron atom arsenic atom silicon atom carbon 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom cobalt atom detergent nitrobenzene acetamide chlorophyll b lead(0) chromium atom nickel atom alloxanthine alpha-carotene phosphorus 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus phosphorus atom molybdenum atom copper atom beta-D-glucan rubber particle lutein fatty acid anion An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. ammonium azanium Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion ammonium amino sugar chlorophyll carbonic acid carboxylic acid anion mononucleotide arsenate(3-) hydrogen fluoride deuteron deuterium atom tritium atom silicate(4-) azanide monocarboxylic acid amide oxonium methanide hydrosulfide bacteriochlorophyll a gold(0) copper(0) lithium atom aluminium oxide photon alpha-particle helium atom helium-3 atom neutron positron isobutyl group monoatomic dication thallium sulfur hexafluoride silver atom antimony atom caesium atom silicon dioxide formic acid salicylate alcohol octacosanoic acid octacosanoate Talc titanium dioxide barium atom leucinate leucinium tertiary amine amine epoxide amide europium atom calcium carbonate Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application fundamental particle monoatomic entity coordination entity oxoacid derivatives oxoacid derivative inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride organic fundamental parent organic group hydrocarbyl group organyl group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom monoatomic hydrogen atomic nucleus nucleon primary amide A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity elemental hydrogen organosulfur compound elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen triatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion molecular messenger antimicrobial agent A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals agrochemical A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. fertiliser fertilizers fertilizer food fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity alkaline earth molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom carboxylic ester noble gas atom monoatomic helium helium(2+) boron group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom lanthanoid atom rare earth metal atom strontium atom silicon oxide silicon oxoacid yttrium atom scandium group element atom lanthanum atom zinc group element atom titanium atom niobium atom titanium group element atom vanadium group element atom chromium group element atom manganese group element atom group 8 elements iron group element iron group elements iron group element atom cobalt group element atom nickel group element atom copper group element atom cerium neodymium atom samarium atom gadolinium atom dysprosium atom platinum(0) oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids sulfur oxoacid hydracid pnictogen oxoacid elemental carbon sulfur oxoacid derivative monoatomic monoanion elemental chlorine monoatomic chlorine monoatomic halogen elemental halogen phospho sugar nitrogen oxoacid nitrogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion elemental pnictogen sulfur oxoanion oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions sulfur oxoanion chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacids chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanions chalcogen oxoanion A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity actinoid molecular entity uranium molecular entity An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom sulfur hydride organosulfonic acid sulfonic acid derivative alpha-amino-acid anion s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom f-block element atom carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity boron group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity noble gas molecular entity lead molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compounds cyclic compound homocyclic compound carbocyclic compound hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity aluminium molecular entity aluminium oxides monoatomic aluminium elemental aluminium polycyclic compound bicyclic compound ortho-fused compound olefin acyclic olefin alkadiene aliphatic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound arene organic aromatic compound monocyclic compound annulene cyclic hydrocarbon monocyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon heteromonocyclic compound heteropolycyclic compound heterobicyclic compound zinc group molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity f-block molecular entity helium molecular entity elemental helium diatomic helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides oxygen hydride A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers biomacromolecule polyatomic cation amino-acid cation alpha-amino acid amino acid alpha-amino-acid cation chromium group molecular entity manganese group molecular entity iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entities iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity vanadium group molecular entity nickel group molecular entity platinum molecular entity titanium group molecular entity organic hydroxy compound organic cyclic compound heteroarene benzenoid aromatic compound A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecule macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers macromolecule aromatic annulene monocyclic arene polycyclic arene transition element coordination entity reagent metallotetrapyrrole Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient halide salt gold molecular entity elemental gold magnesium coordination entity saxitoxin nitrogen hydrides nitrogen hydride Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. azanes azane aldose phosphate calcium salt cyclic carotene vanadium(0) elemental vanadium sulfate salt terpene tetraterpene surfactant nitrogen oxide tracer label alkaline earth coordination entity inhibitor fossil fuel ammonium ion derivative fused compound carbopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compound ortho-fused polycyclic arene epoxycarotenol steroid 17beta-hydroxy steroid hydroxy steroid organonitrogen compound fatty acid chromium oxoanion chromium coordination entity chromate(2-) transition element oxoanion An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion ortho-fused bicyclic arene ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon antiinfective agent alkali metal salt analgesic heterocyclic organic fundamental parent cardiovascular drug carbon oxoanion carbon oxoacid vasodilator agent secondary alcohol ester nitro compound C-nitro compound monocarboxylic acid anion arsenic oxoanion phosphate ion oxo steroid imidazopyrimidine pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydrides pnictogen hydride hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion inorganic chloride cyclitol carboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid monoester cyclic tetrapyrrole lepton baryon fermion boson A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle composite particle hadron nuclear particle neutrino Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives alkaline earth salt saturated organic heterocyclic parent saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent polycyclic ether main-group coordination entity carbonyl compound organic oxo compound organochlorine compound heterotricyclic compound carbobicyclic compound monoanion 17-hydroxy steroid inorganic radical radical cation radical ion inorganic radical ion inorganic radical cation elemental fluorine monoatomic fluorine chalcogen hydride neon molecular entity argon molecular entity krypton molecular entity inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic cations inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation carbon-14 atom carbon-13 atom nitrogen-15 atom chalcocarbonic acid An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound nucleotide pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide dinucleotide ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate amino-acid anion purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate adenosine 5'-phosphate guanosine 5'-phosphate barium molecular entity elemental barium organofluorine compound glucan homopolysaccharide organic hydride mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride silicon coordination entity silicon oxoanion elemental lead titanium molecular entity tropane alkaloid phosphorus oxide tetraphosphorus decaoxide mucopolysaccharide copper coordination entity elemental copper cyclic ether acid A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity halide allenes carboxamide phosphoric ester sulfuric acid derivative homopolymer macromolecule polypyrrole organonitrogen heterocyclic compound oxacycle organic heteropolycyclic compound polycyclic heteroarene bacteriochlorophyll chlorophyllide hydrocarbyl anion magnesium tetrapyrrole phorbines 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid azabicycloalkane methylindole electron-transport chain inhibitor respiratory-chain inhibitor pyrazolopyrimidine inorganic sodium salt quinolinemonocarboxylate anaesthetic general anaesthetic inhalation anaesthetic methylbenzene alkylbenzene Bronsted acid Bronsted base Lewis acid Lewis base chloropicrin straight-chain saturated fatty acid buta-1,3-diene butadiene cyclic ketone carbonate heptane hydrogenphosphate peridinin hydrogensulfate asbestos In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral silicate mineral chrysotile riebeckite crocidolite asbestos serpentine mineral tremolite asbestos amphibole asbestos amosite asbestos gruenerite serpentine asbestos anthophyllite anthophyllite asbestos actinolite actinolite asbestos sulfide mineral sulfide salt carbonate salt A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent silicon hydroxide dioxane dioxanes 1,4-dioxane acetate ester 3-oxo steroid indicator cyclic polypyrrole dinucleotide alkanesulfonic acid 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid microcystin nitric acid nitrobenzenes silicate ion Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides sulfur oxide antiseptic drug disinfectant polar solvent protic solvent protophilic solvent amphiprotic solvent antagonist aluminosilicate mineral elemental platinum aluminium(3+) argon atom hydrogen atom praseodymium atom uranium(0) zinc dichloride elemental krypton monoatomic krypton monoatomic argon elemental argon argon(.1+) monoatomic neon elemental neon organic amino compound sulfur coordination entity P450 inhibitor onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group organic nitrogen anion androstanoid probe monoatomic uranium elemental uranium alkyl alcohol carbon nanotube nanostructure nanotube carbon nanostructure iron oxide Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity genotoxin allergen A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role neurotoxin tertiary amino compound nitrate salt inorganic nitrate salt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role nitrohydrocarbon nitroarene Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity organic univalent group phthalocyanines metallophthalocyanines metallophthalocyanine enal enone alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone fucoxanthin organic polycyclic compound organic tricyclic compound biochemical role biophysical role aetiopathogenetic role pharmacological role physiological role ligand pharmaceutical inorganic hydroxy compound epitope poly(alkylene) macromolecule polyethylene macromolecule vinyl polymer macromolecule envoPlastics poly(vinyl chloride) copolymer macromolecule poly(hydroxyalkanoate) poly(hydroxybutyrate) methyl cellulose envoPlastics poly(propylene) A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound carbon monoxide(1+) chlorophyll a(1-) kynurenate cyclic tetrapyrrole anion very long-chain fatty acid anion saturated fatty acid anion straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion biomarker straight-chain fatty acid electrophilic reagent nucleophilic reagent A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. Mischung mixture A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Polymer Kunststoff polymer homopolymer poly(alkylene) polymer envoPlastics polyethylene polymer envoPlastics polyester polymer An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation aluminium ion NMDA receptor antagonist envoPlastics polyurethane polymer excitatory amino acid antagonist amino monosaccharide nucleobase-containing molecular entity brevetoxin A ciguatoxin guanyl nucleotide adenyl nucleotide guanyl ribonucleotide adenyl ribonucleotide envoPlastics poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer vinyl polymer envoPlastics polystyrene polymer signalling molecule reactive nitrogen species amorphous cellulose crystalline cellulose emulsifier aluminium cation A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents oxidising agent carbohydrate derivative monosaccharide derivative pentose derivative branched-chain amino-acid anion 1,1-diol ketone hydrate food additive one-carbon compound organic acid trivalent inorganic cation Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison polysaccharide derivative N-alkylglycine organic molecule exopolysaccharide divinyl chlorophyll a divinyl chlorophyll b eukaryotic metabolite animal metabolite mammalian metabolite prokaryotic metabolite iron sulfides iron(2+) sulfides envoPolar greenhouse gas propellant EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor pathway inhibitor fungal metabolite bacterial metabolite human metabolite EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor raising agent food packaging gas food propellant fatty acid anion 28:0 A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. refrigerants refrigerant Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives olefinic compound trivalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. divalent inorganic anions divalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anion Nodularin Peptidoglycan(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) Brevetoxin B pheophytin diatomaceous earth elemental iron iron(0) crustacean metabolite Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia metabolite chlorophyllide a(2-) N-acylammonia proteinogenic amino acid derivative non-proteinogenic amino acid amino acid derivative non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid pentose phosphate pyrite metal allergen aromatic carboxylate skatole An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 bedding-plane cave A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_region administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region administrative area ADL:FTT administrative division ADL:FTT administrative division Getty:TGN administrative entity Getty:TGN boundary region ADL:FTT civil area ADL:FTT district ADL:FTT free trade zone ADL:FTT governed place ADL:FTT leased area (government) ADL:FTT leased zone (government) ADL:FTT neutral zone (political) ADL:FTT prefecture ADL:FTT protectorate ADL:FTT sheikdom ADL:FTT sultanate ADL:FTT trade zone ADL:FTT A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 ENVO countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division ENVO:00000005 first-order administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 1st order division ADL:FTT first level subdivision Getty:TGN first-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. FTT:286 FTT:576 Geonames:A.ADM2 TGN:81300 ENVO countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division ENVO:00000006 second-order administrative region A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 2nd order division ADL:FTT second level subdivision Getty:TGN second-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. FTT:204 FTT:205 FTT:578 Geonames:A.ADM3 TGN:82401 ENVO barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division ENVO:00000007 third-order administrative region A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html barrio ADL:FTT countries, 3rd order division ADL:FTT third level subdivision Getty:TGN third-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 ENVO countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division ENVO:00000008 fourth-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 4th order division ADL:FTT fourth level subdivision Getty:TGN fourth-order administrative division Geonames:feature A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation country political entity state national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State nation ADL:FTT independent nation Getty:TGN independent political entity Getty:TGN independent sovereign nation Getty:TGN country ADL:FTT political entity ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN TGN:53010 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden ENVO PARK cropland park ENVO:00000011 garden An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. Geonames:feature PARK USGS:SDTS cropland USGS:SDTS park ADL:FTT A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature envoPolar hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 cave system A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal ENVO ENVO:00000014 This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself. canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. MA:ma A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water envoMarine envoPolar sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. false ENVO ENVO:00000018 obsolete dry river true A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake envoPolar lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake FreshwaterLake envoPolar freshwater lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater FreshwaterLake NASA:earthrealm A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 LTER:474 SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 rio braided river "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." river A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River LTER:474 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=474&/rivers rio ADL:FTT rio USGS:SDTS braided river USGS:SDTS "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. watercourse EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS LTER:562 SWEETRealm:Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend streamlet Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet stream A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS LTER:562 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=562&/streams streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS A stream whose flow is not continuous. stream FTT:105 FTT:882 Geonames:H.STMI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_stream intermittent stream ENVO ENVO:00000024 obsolete intermittent stream true A stream whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma stream ADL:FTT intermittent stream Geonames:feature An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir covered reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000025 reservoir An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. MA:ma lake USGS:SDTS covered reservoir ADL:FTT A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SWEETRealm:Spring TGN:21126 seep Springs are typically where an aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. spring A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification seep USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma A flowing body of water. EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse A flowing body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A cave without streams or drips of water. dry cave ENVO ENVO:00000030 dead cave A cave without streams or drips of water. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi wadis wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth arroyo coulee gully nullah wash The temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys. wadi A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. Geonames:feature wadis Geonames:feature wadi bend ADL:FTT wadi bend Geonames:feature wadi junction ADL:FTT wadi mouth ADL:FTT arroyo ADL:FTT coulee ADL:FTT coulee Getty:TGN gully ADL:FTT nullah USGS:SDTS wash ADL:FTT An area of water bordered by land on three sides. EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 ENVO bahia embayment firth inlet sea loch sea lough ENVO:00000032 bay An area of water bordered by land on three sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bahia ADL:FTT inlet USGS:SDTS A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL LTER:975 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond Pond pool (water body) POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) pond A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS LTER:975 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=975&/ponds Pond NASA:earthrealm pool (water body) ADL:FTT POOL Getty:TGN millpond ADL:FTT millpond USGS:SDTS pond ADL:FTT pond Geonames:feature ponds Geonames:feature pool Geonames:feature pool USGS:SDTS pool (water body) USGS:SDTS An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapids cataract torrent rapids An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. USGS:SDTS cataract USGS:SDTS torrent USGS:SDTS A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). wetland EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH LTER:326 SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh Marsh marsh quagmire marsh A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Marsh NASA:earthrealm marsh Geonames:feature quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. canal FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI ENVO ENVO:00000036 irrigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. MA:ma canal Geonames:feature A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geonames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch ENVO ENVO:00000037 ditch A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. Geonames:feature A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon lagoons laguna barrier lagoon lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord envoPolar fjord A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall WATERFALL force linn waterfalls cascade cataract fall falls Should this be a hydroform? waterfall A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. USGS:SDTS WATERFALL USGS:SDTS waterfalls Geonames:feature cascade ADL:FTT cascade USGS:SDTS cataract ADL:FTT cataract Getty:TGN fall ADL:FTT falls USGS:SDTS A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek tidal creek A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek stream ADL:FTT Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. canal FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD ENVO ENVO:00000042 drainage canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. wetland EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG LTER:402 LTER:70 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog envoPolar peatland A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Peatland NASA:earthrealm bog ADL:FTT bog Geonames:feature bog USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS peat bog USGS:SDTS 1 A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. mouth EcoLexicon:estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY LTER:182 SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary inlet estuary A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary mouth USGS:SDTS LTER:182 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=182&/estuaries inlet USGS:SDTS A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge HEDGE hedgerow ENVO shelter belt ENVO:00000046 hedge A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. USGS:SDTS HEDGE USGS:SDTS hedgerow USGS:SDTS shelter belt USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001240 ENVO_01001239 obsolete canopy true Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal ENVO navigation channel ship cannal ENVO:00000048 navigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. MA:ma navigation canal ADL:FTT navigation channel ADL:FTT ship cannal USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000052 ENVO:00000215 ENVO:00000407 ENVO:01000265 ENVO ENVO:00000049 obsolete volcanic hydrographic feature true A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. thermal feature EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser geyser A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser thermal feature ADL:FTT A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. spring EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring hotspring thermal spring hot spring A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring spring USGS:SDTS A lake contained within a volcanic crater. FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake volcanic crater lake A lake contained within a volcanic crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater marsh A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. wetland EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN LTER:482 TGN:21323 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marsh salt marsh salting salt marsh tidal marsh It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT salt marsh USGS:SDTS salting USGS:SDTS salt marsh Geonames:feature tidal marsh USGS:SDTS A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. lake FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond salt evaporation pond salt pond salt ponds saltern In such ponds, water is drawn out of seawater through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. saline evaporation pond A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_ponds lake ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond Geonames:feature salt pond ADL:FTT salt pond Geonames:feature salt ponds Geonames:feature A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishpond ENVO ENVO:00000056 fishpond A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. MA:ma A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. woodland EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swamp mangal MangroveForest mangrove swamp A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. MA:ma woodland USGS:SDTS MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake ENVO ENVO:00000058 envoPolar underground lake A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A river that is under the surface of the Earth. TGN:21187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_river ENVO ENVO:00000059 underground river A river that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground stream A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance. underground water body A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. MA:ma Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS TGN:22201 TGN:83002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_place populated places settlement inhabited region populated locality populated place QCR: 'location of' min 1 building Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html place USGS:SDTS populated places Geonames:feature settlement USGS:SDTS An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST LTER:475 SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road board walk caravan route causeway drive highway intersection parkway road bend road junction traffic circle accessway alley avenue boulevard cart track drove farm lane freeway lane roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway turnpike road An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. USGS:SDTS board walk USGS:SDTS caravan route ADL:FTT causeway ADL:FTT drive ADL:FTT highway ADL:FTT highway Getty:TGN highway USGS:SDTS intersection ADL:FTT parkway ADL:FTT parkway Getty:TGN road bend ADL:FTT road junction ADL:FTT traffic circle ADL:FTT accessway USGS:SDTS alley USGS:SDTS avenue USGS:SDTS boulevard USGS:SDTS cart track USGS:SDTS drove ADL:FTT farm lane USGS:SDTS freeway USGS:SDTS roadway ADL:FTT street ADL:FTT street Geonames:feature street Getty:TGN street USGS:SDTS thorofare USGS:SDTS thoroughfare USGS:SDTS thruway USGS:SDTS turnpike USGS:SDTS A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. railroad feature FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR TGN:53155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway RAILWAY railroad ENVO ENVO:00000065 railway A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. USGS:SDTS railroad feature ADL:FTT RAILWAY USGS:SDTS railroad Geonames:feature railroad Getty:TGN railroad USGS:SDTS A tunnel constructed by human means. tunnel tunnels FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel underpass ENVO ENVO:00000066 man-made tunnel A tunnel constructed by human means. MA:ma tunnel ADL:FTT tunnel Geonames:feature tunnels Geonames:feature canal tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel Geonames:feature road tunnel ADL:FTT road tunnel Geonames:feature underpass USGS:SDTS Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave cavern grotto notch cave Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. USGS:SDTS cavern ADL:FTT cavern USGS:SDTS grotto USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS An underground or underwater passage. FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel TUNNEL cave natural tunnel tunnel An underground or underwater passage. USGS:SDTS TUNNEL USGS:SDTS cave ADL:FTT natural tunnel Geonames:feature natural tunnel Getty:TGN A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. stream watercourse FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream distributary ENVO ENVO:00000069 distributary A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS stream distributary Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 fault cave A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct TGN:51258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaduct aqueduct ENVO WATERCOURSE BRIDGE ENVO:00000072 aquaduct Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. ADL:FTT aqueduct Geonames:feature aqueduct Getty:TGN aqueduct USGS:SDTS WATERCOURSE BRIDGE USGS:SDTS A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam barrage dam site dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. USGS:SDTS barrage USGS:SDTS dam site ADL:FTT A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass ENVO ENVO:00000075 bridge A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. USGS:SDTS covered bridge USGS:SDTS footbridge USGS:SDTS overpass USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm FARM farm farms farmstead ranch farm An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. USGS:SDTS agricultural site ADL:FTT FARM USGS:SDTS farm Geonames:feature farms Geonames:feature farmstead ADL:FTT ranch Geonames:feature ranch Getty:TGN ranch USGS:SDTS An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume flume (manmade) ENVO canal ENVO:00000079 flume An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume watercourse USGS:SDTS flume (manmade) ADL:FTT canal ADL:FTT 2 A range of mounts which is dominated by mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonames:MTS SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range cordillera mountain chain mountain group sierra envoPolar mountain range cordillera ADL:FTT sierra ADL:FTT A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain Mountain mountains envoPolar A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit. The USGS had previously defined mountains as localised elevations of more than 300 meters; however, the organisation has accepted there are no technical definitions in the US. In ENVO, we primarily use the UNEP-WCMC classification to be compliant with SDG monitoring, but we can host other classifications on request: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/1542/en/ mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-mountain-hill-and-peak-lake-and-pond-or-river-and-creek Mountain NASA:earthrealm mountains Geonames:feature 2 A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. hill range A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. MA:ma A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. Geonames:feature foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hillock USGS:SDTS hills Geonames:feature knoll USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass col defile gap notch pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) envoPolar mountain pass A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass Geonames:feature col ADL:FTT col USGS:SDTS defile ADL:FTT defile USGS:SDTS gap Getty:TGN gap USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS pass ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature saddle Getty:TGN saddle USGS:SDTS saddle (physiographic) ADL:FTT sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar alpine glacier A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. USGS:SDTS interfluve ADL:FTT llanos ADL:FTT outwash plain USGS:SDTS A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff beach scarp bluff ceja ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps cliff A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. USGS:SDTS beach scarp USGS:SDTS bluff ADL:FTT bluff USGS:SDTS ceja USGS:SDTS ice cliff USGS:SDTS palisade USGS:SDTS precipice USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS scarp USGS:SDTS scaw USGS:SDTS scraps ADL:FTT A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliff coastal cliff marine cliff envoPolar sea cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. MA:ma marine cliff USGS:SDTS A cliff which is not adjacent to a major water body. EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 crag inland cliff crag ADL:FTT crag USGS:SDTS An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain ENVO ENVO:00000090 coastal plain An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach beach berm lagoon beach beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach NASA:earthrealm beach berm USGS:SDTS lagoon beach USGS:SDTS beach Geonames:feature beaches Geonames:feature foreshore flats USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS strand ADL:FTT strand USGS:SDTS A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand strand sea beach A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach A beach which is part of a lake shore. lacustrine beach A beach which is part of a lake shore. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. FTT:591 TGN:21407 volcanic landform volcanic feature A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcanic landform Getty:TGN A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. ENVO:01000437 EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava area ENVO lava flow lava plain ENVO:00000095 obsolete lava field true A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. MA:ma lava area ADL:FTT lava area Geonames:feature lava flow Getty:TGN A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater caldera A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater USGS:SDTS A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region envoPolar desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island eyot holm hummock isle islet envoPolar island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. USGS:SDTS hummock USGS:SDTS isle ADL:FTT islet ADL:FTT islet Getty:TGN islet USGS:SDTS An island constructed by human effort. FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_island ENVO offshore platform ENVO:00000099 artificial island An island constructed by human effort. MA:ma offshore platform ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta ENVO alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) delta A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. USGS:SDTS alluvial fan USGS:SDTS bay delta USGS:SDTS canyon delta USGS:SDTS fan USGS:SDTS fan delta USGS:SDTS outwash USGS:SDTS outwash plain USGS:SDTS pass (delta) Getty:TGN A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is used to demarcate the interior from the exterior of a cave. FTT:444 Cueva de Altamira cave exit The term "cave entrance" is typically used when ingress or entry to the cave is desired. The same fiat bondary can serve as a cave exit, although that may be less feasible due to the shape or other physical properties of the cave. cave entrance An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM mangrove island An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove A hydrographic feature which is located below the surface of a marine water body. EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle shelf edge undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley ocean floor feature seafloor feature sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) underwater feature valley valleys undersea feature fan Geonames:feature flat Geonames:feature fork Geonames:feature forks Geonames:feature furrow Geonames:feature gap Geonames:feature gully Geonames:feature hole Geonames:feature hole (seafloor) ADL:FTT ledge Geonames:feature levee Geonames:feature median valley Geonames:feature moat (seafloor) ADL:FTT pinnacle Geonames:feature plain Geonames:feature plateau Geonames:feature platform Geonames:feature province Geonames:feature ramp Geonames:feature ramp (seafloor) ADL:FTT ravine Geonames:feature ridge Geonames:feature ridges Geonames:feature rise Geonames:feature rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature shelf edge Geonames:feature undersea bank Getty:TGN undersea basin Getty:TGN undersea bench Getty:TGN undersea cliff Getty:TGN undersea fan Getty:TGN undersea fork Getty:TGN undersea fracture zone Getty:TGN undersea furrow Getty:TGN undersea gap Getty:TGN undersea hole Getty:TGN undersea ledge Getty:TGN undersea levee Getty:TGN undersea median valley Getty:TGN undersea moat Getty:TGN undersea peak Getty:TGN undersea pinnacle Getty:TGN undersea plain Getty:TGN undersea platform Getty:TGN undersea ramp Getty:TGN undersea rise Getty:TGN undersea saddle Getty:TGN undersea shelf Getty:TGN undersea shelf edge Getty:TGN undersea shelf valley Getty:TGN undersea sill Getty:TGN undersea slope Getty:TGN undersea spur Getty:TGN undersea terrace Getty:TGN undersea tongue Getty:TGN undersea valley Getty:TGN ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor feature ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature spur Geonames:feature subsea feature ADL:FTT terrace Geonames:feature tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT underwater feature ADL:FTT valley Geonames:feature valleys Geonames:feature basin Geonames:feature escarpment Geonames:feature lake surface An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. FTT:1191 FTT:792 Geonames:V.HTH SPIRE:Heath TGN:21609 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath wetland heath An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. Geonames:feature wetland USGS:SDTS A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. FTT:259 FTT:767 Geonames:V.MDW LTER:330 TGN:21613 meadow hay meadow Typically, meadows have higher botanical biodiversity than other grasslands. meadow ecosystem A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow meadow Geonames:feature hay meadow USGS:SDTS Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS wood Getty:TGN wooded area USGS:SDTS A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. lava tube ENVO ENVO:00000110 These are usually classified as a sub-type of volcanic cave, rather than a tunnel. lava tunnel A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_tube An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. EcoLexicon:tundra FTT:151 FTT:152 Geonames:V.TUND LTER:605 TGN:21611 Arctic land TundraEcosystem envoPolar area of tundra A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. Arctic land ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra TundraEcosystem NASA:earthrealm A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. ENVO:01000311 EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden ENVO:00000113 obsolete cultivated habitat true A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area ADL:FTT cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated area USGS:SDTS cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. agricultural site cropland EcoLexicon:orchard FTT:45 FTT:66 Geonames:V.OCH TGN:54014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard ENVO ENVO:00000115 orchard An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. agricultural site cropland FTT:45 FTT:77 Geonames:V.VIN Geonames:V.VINS TGN:54015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard vineyards ENVO ENVO:00000116 vineyard A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS vineyards Geonames:feature An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site cropland plantation field plantation An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS plantation field USGS:SDTS FTT:505 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVC ENVO coconut grove wood ENVO:00000118 coconut plantation coconut grove ADL:FTT coconut grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. planted forest A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. MA:ma agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:65 Geonames:S.ESTO Geonames:V.GRVP ENVO palm grove ENVO:00000120 oil palm plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT palm grove Geonames:feature A channel of a watercource which has been constructed by humans or their technologies. EcoLexicon:artificial_channel flume improved channel artificial channel improved channel USGS:SDTS A small road, generally not paved. EcoLexicon:path EcoLexicon:trail FTT:1057 Geonames:R.TRL SWEETRealm:Path TGN:53158 footpath path trail track A small road, generally not paved. MA:ma footpath USGS:SDTS path USGS:SDTS trail ADL:FTT trail Geonames:feature trail Getty:TGN trail USGS:SDTS A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. FTT:1093 Geonames:A.PCL TGN:80002 political entity political entity A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. MA:ma political entity Geonames:feature A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. supranational geopolitical entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. MA:ma A spring which water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. spring spring (hydrographic) FTT:981 FTT:982 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring mineral spring A spring which water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring spring USGS:SDTS spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved derivatives of sulfur flows. spring (hydrographic) FTT:1215 FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNS sulphur spring sulfur spring A spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved derivatives of sulfur flows. MA:ma spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT sulphur spring Geonames:feature An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. barren land FTT:186 FTT:187 Geonames:T.BDLD TGN:21205 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands badlands badland An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badland barren land ADL:FTT badlands Geonames:feature A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:159 FTT:420 Geonames:H.RVN TGN:21427 ENVO gullie ravine ENVO:00000129 stream valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. MA:ma ravine Geonames:feature ravine USGS:SDTS A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. EcoLexicon:reef FTT:202 FTT:203 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RF Geonames:U.RFSU Geonames:U.RFU SPIRE:Reef TGN:21479 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef REEF atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef shore reef submerged reef ledge reef reef flat reefs rocky reef A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. USGS:SDTS REEF USGS:SDTS atoll reef USGS:SDTS bank reef USGS:SDTS barrier reef ADL:FTT barrier reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS shore reef USGS:SDTS submerged reef USGS:SDTS ledge USGS:SDTS reef Geonames:feature reef flat USGS:SDTS reefs Geonames:feature OBSOLETE A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. Previously had the axiom 'material entity' and ('composed primarily of' some ('water ice' or snow)) which ended up making incorrect inference. We chose to obsolete this now. EcoLexicon:ice FTT:648 SWEETRealm:LandIce TGN:21410 glacer Ice LandIce glacial landform glacier feature envoPolar Ambiguities in notion of feature and overly general equivalence axiom was making incorrect assertions. For example popsicle would reason under this class. Likely to be depopulated and "glacial" made into a quality or similar. obsolete glacial feature true OBSOLETE A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. MA:ma glacer ADL:FTT Ice NASA:earthrealm LandIce NASA:earthrealm glacial landform Getty:TGN glacier feature ADL:FTT A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:837 SWEETRealm:IceSheet TGN:21147 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet envoPolar This is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community. ice sheet A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet This is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial feature EcoLexicon:glacier FTT:648 FTT:756 Geonames:H.GLCR TGN:21141 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Glacier RockGlacier rock glacier envoPolar The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). glacier An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier glacial feature ADL:FTT RockGlacier NASA:earthrealm rock glacier USGS:SDTS The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost envoPolar Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. FTT:17 Geonames:A.ZNB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone administrative area buffer zone A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone administrative area ADL:FTT A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. adminstrative area FTT:1253 FTT:20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ DEMILITIARIZED ZONE DMZ neutral zone boundary demilitarized zone A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demilitarized_zone adminstrative area ADL:FTT DEMILITIARIZED ZONE USGS:SDTS neutral zone ADL:FTT neutral zone USGS:SDTS boundary USGS:SDTS An opening of the sea into the land. FTT:463 TGN:21128 ENVO coastal inlet ENVO:00000137 envoPolar coastal inlet An opening of the sea into the land. USGS:SDTS A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. EcoLexicon:cove FTT:190 FTT:229 Geonames:H.COVE SWEETRealm:Cove TGN:21120 cove A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cove A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. canal FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:H.DTCHI ENVO ENVO:00000139 irrigation ditch A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. EcoLexicon:drainage_ditch FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:H.DTCHD ENVO canal rhyne ENVO:00000140 drainage ditch A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount EcoLexicon:bank FTT:195 SWEETRealm:Bank TGN:21466 ENVO shore ENVO:00000141 bank The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma mount USGS:SDTS shore USGS:SDTS The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. FTT:195 FTT:196 Geonames:H.BNKR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bank ENVO bank (hydrographic) ENVO:00000142 stream bank The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma bank (hydrographic) ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. TGN:21155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bank riverbank ENVO ENVO:00000143 river bank The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma riverbank Getty:TGN A habitat that is in or on water. ENVO:01000317 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_habitat ENVO ENVO:00000144 obsolete aquatic habitat true A habitat that is in or on water. NM:nm A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). FTT:841 Geonames:H.CAPG SPIRE:Ice_cap SWEETRealm:IceCap TGN:21140 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap ice field envoPolar ice cap A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap Geonames:feature icecap Getty:TGN ice field USGS:SDTS A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. FTT:1208 Geonames:L.SNOW TGN:21146 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_field SNOWFIELD snowfield ENVO SnowField snowfield ENVO:00000146 envoPolar snow field A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. USGS:SDTS SNOWFIELD USGS:SDTS snowfield Getty:TGN SnowField NASA:earthrealm snowfield Geonames:feature The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. EcoLexicon:riffle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle riffle A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reef artificial reef Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. MA:ma A marine reef which is composed primarily of aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, low-nutrient waters. EcoLexicon:coral_reef FTT:202 FTT:547 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RFC LTER:127 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef CoralReef barrier reef fringing reef reef coral reef A marine reef which is composed primarily of aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, low-nutrient waters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef LTER:127 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=127&/coral-reefs CoralReef NASA:earthrealm fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. basin FTT:705 FTT:706 Geonames:H.SBKH SWEETRealm:Sabkha TGN:21368 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha ENVO flat ENVO:00000151 sabkha An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. MA:ma basin USGS:SDTS flat ADL:FTT A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. watercourse FTT:104 Geonames:H.STMA TGN:21136 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch stream anabranch A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch watercourse USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1259 FTT:220 FTT:644 Geonames:H.STMH TGN:21181 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headwater HEADWATER headwaters drainage basin headstream source headwater The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT HEADWATER USGS:SDTS headwaters Geonames:feature drainage basin ADL:FTT headstream ADL:FTT An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. water meadow flood meadow ecosystem An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_meadow A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 FTT:218 FTT:481 Geonames:T.CRQ Geonames:T.CRQS TGN:21496 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirque cirque basin cirques coomb coombe corrie cwm envoPolar cirque A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. USGS:SDTS http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Glacial+cirque cirques Geonames:feature cwm ADL:FTT A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. EcoLexicon:oasis FTT:261 Geonames:L.OAS TGN:21202 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis ENVO ENVO:00000156 desert oasis A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. USGS:SDTS An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. wetland FTT:1060 Geonames:L.PEAT peat cutting peat cutting area peat cut An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. MA:ma wetland USGS:SDTS peat cutting USGS:SDTS peat cutting area ADL:FTT peat cutting area Geonames:feature A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. EcoLexicon:causeway FTT:443 Geonames:R.CSWY TGN:53156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway ENVO causeway road ENVO:00000158 causeway A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway causeway Geonames:feature road USGS:SDTS agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:75 Geonames:S.ESTSG https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000159 sugar plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:73 Geonames:ESTSL ENVO ENVO:00000160 sisal plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:49 Geonames:ESTB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000161 banana plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:76 Geonames:S.ESTT tea estate ENVO ENVO:00000162 tea plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT ENVO ENVO:00000163 coffee plantation A plantation which is used to grow Hevea brasiliensis or other species from which natural latex is harvested. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:71 Geonames:S.ESTR rubber plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. basin EcoLexicon:tar_pit FTT:174 FTT:175 Geonames:T.ASPH TGN:21369 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_pit tar pit asphalt lake A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. MA:ma basin ADL:FTT An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. island EcoLexicon:atoll FTT:127 FTT:450 Geonames:T.ATOL SWEETRealm:Atoll TGN:21472 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll coral atoll ENVO REEF, ISLAND atoll reef ENVO:00000166 atoll An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll island ADL:FTT island USGS:SDTS REEF, ISLAND USGS:SDTS atoll USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. seafloor feature EcoLexicon:bar FTT:1195 FTT:206 FTT:208 FTT:209 FTT:210 FTT:5 Geonames:H.BNK Geonames:H.SHOL Geonames:T.BAR Geonames:U.BKSU Geonames:U.BNKU Geonames:U.SHLU Geonames:U.SHSU Geonames:U.TNGU SWEETRealm:Bar TGN:21177 TGN:21480 TGN:21531 TGN:23191 Shoal ball bank barrier beach barrier island cuspate spit hook hooked spit longshore bar marsh bar offshore bar point recurved spit sand bank sand bar sand hom sand lobe sand spit sandbar shoal shoal patches shoals spit tongue tongue (seafloor) transverse bar undersea shoal bar A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28landform%29 seafloor feature ADL:FTT Shoal NASA:earthrealm ball Geonames:feature bank Geonames:feature barrier beach USGS:SDTS barrier island USGS:SDTS cuspate spit USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS hooked spit USGS:SDTS longshore bar USGS:SDTS marsh bar USGS:SDTS offshore bar USGS:SDTS point USGS:SDTS recurved spit USGS:SDTS sand bank USGS:SDTS sand bar Getty:TGN sand hom USGS:SDTS sand lobe USGS:SDTS sand spit USGS:SDTS sandbar ADL:FTT sandbar USGS:SDTS shoal ADL:FTT shoal Geonames:feature shoal Getty:TGN shoal USGS:SDTS shoal patches USGS:SDTS shoals Geonames:feature spit ADL:FTT spit USGS:SDTS tongue Geonames:feature tongue USGS:SDTS tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT transverse bar USGS:SDTS undersea shoal Getty:TGN A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. EcoLexicon:blowhole FTT:266 Geonames:T.BLHL TGN:21172 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowhole ENVO ENVO:00000168 blowhole A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. Geonames:feature Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. EcoLexicon:canyon FTT:165 FTT:200 FTT:415 FTT:416 FTT:417 FTT:418 FTT:419 FTT:420 FTT:511 Geonames:T.CNYN SWEETRealm:Canyon TGN:21424 TGN:21426 TGN:21427 TGN:21429 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyon ENVO barranca chasm defile flume (natural) gap gorge gulch quebrada ravine valley ENVO:00000169 canyon Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. ADL:FTT barranca ADL:FTT chasm ADL:FTT defile Getty:TGN flume (natural) ADL:FTT gap ADL:FTT gorge ADL:FTT gorge Getty:TGN gulch ADL:FTT quebrada ADL:FTT ravine ADL:FTT ravine Getty:TGN valley USGS:SDTS A hill of sand built by eolian processes. mount ridge sandy area EcoLexicon:dune FTT:238 FTT:241 FTT:652 Geonames:T.DUNE LTER:171 SWEETRealm:Dune TGN:21419 TGN:21505 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune sand dune interdune trough sand hill dune A hill of sand built by eolian processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN sand dune USGS:SDTS interdune trough ADL:FTT sand hill USGS:SDTS A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_valley ENVO ENVO:00000171 river valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. MA:ma A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of sand. desert sandy area EcoLexicon:sandy_area FTT:188 FTT:238 FTT:616 Geonames:T.ERG Geonames:T.SAND TGN:21203 ENVO ENVO:00000172 There should be relation here to ENVO:sand, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. sandy desert desert ADL:FTT sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of rock. desert FTT:188 FTT:615 Geonames:T.HMDA TGN:21204 rock desert ENVO ENVO:00000173 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. rocky desert desert ADL:FTT rock desert Geonames:feature Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. EcoLexicon:isthmus FTT:892 Geonames:T.ISTH SWEETRealm:Isthmus TGN:21473 TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus land bridge neck submarine isthmus envoPolar isthmus Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. USGS:SDTS land bridge Getty:TGN neck USGS:SDTS submarine isthmus USGS:SDTS A surface landform which is formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock. EcoLexicon:karst FTT:894 Geonames:T.KRST SWEETRealm:Karst TGN:21509 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst area Karsts usually form in masses of carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. Karst landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. karst A surface landform which is formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst area ADL:FTT karst area Getty:TGN A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation elevated landform A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. EcoLexicon:moraine FTT:759 Geonames:T.MRN TGN:21414 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine glacial moraine envoPolar moraine An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine glacial moraine USGS:SDTS An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EcoLexicon:levee FTT:197 FTT:21 FTT:252 FTT:619 FTT:670 FTT:921 Geonames:S.DIKE Geonames:T.LEV SWEETRealm:Dike TGN:51251 TGN:51263 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee ENVO EMBANKMENT REVETMENT berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment ENVO:00000178 levee An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee EMBANKMENT USGS:SDTS REVETMENT USGS:SDTS berm ADL:FTT dike Geonames:feature dike Getty:TGN dike USGS:SDTS dike (manmade) ADL:FTT dyke USGS:SDTS embankment ADL:FTT levee Geonames:feature revetment ADL:FTT An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. plateau FTT:376 FTT:377 Geonames:T.MESA SWEETRealm:Mesa TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa butte mesa An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa plateau USGS:SDTS butte ADL:FTT A rounded elevated area. FTT:118 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MND TGN:21458 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound mound mount mound A rounded elevated area. MA:ma mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. glacier feature FTT:648 FTT:757 FTT:80 Geonames:T.NTK Geonames:T.NTKS TGN:21495 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak ENVO mountain summit nunatak nunataks peak ENVO:00000181 envoPolar "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. nunatak The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak glacier feature ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak Geonames:feature nunataks Geonames:feature peak USGS:SDTS An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. EcoLexicon:plateau FTT:1080 FTT:1090 FTT:1091 FTT:788 Geonames:T.PLAT Geonames:T.UPLD SWEETRealm:Plateau TGN:21441 TGN:21493 TGN:21494 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau PLATEAU Plateau highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland plateau An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. USGS:SDTS PLATEAU USGS:SDTS Plateau NASA:earthrealm highland Getty:TGN intermontane plateau USGS:SDTS plateau Geonames:feature table mountain ADL:FTT tableknoll USGS:SDTS tableland ADL:FTT tableland USGS:SDTS tablemount USGS:SDTS upland ADL:FTT upland Geonames:feature upland Getty:TGN A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. desert FTT:188 FTT:617 Geonames:T.REG ENVO ENVO:00000183 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock and ENVO:gravel, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. stony desert A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. Geonames:feature desert ADL:FTT A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. valley FTT:166 FTT:784 Geonames:T.VALG TGN:21514 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_valley ENVO ENVO:00000184 envoPolar hanging valley A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys valley ADL:FTT Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. wetland SWEETRealm:RaisedBog raised bog raised mire Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS raised bog USGS:SDTS 3 Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. wetland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_bog string bog string mire Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS string bog USGS:SDTS Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. envoPolar tundra mire Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. palsa mire Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat_swamp This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. peat swamp Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. EcoLexicon:abyssal_hill FTT:1020 FTT:2 FTT:4 ENVO Abyssalhill abyssal hill ocean floor feature ENVO:00000190 abyssal feature Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. ADL:FTT Abyssalhill NASA:earthrealm abyssal hill ADL:FTT A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. wetland EcoLexicon:mud_flat FTT:1001 FTT:185 Geonames:H.FLTM SPIRE:Mudflat SWEETRealm:MudFlat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat mud flat ENVO mud flat ENVO:00000192 mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat wetland ADL:FTT mud flat ADL:FTT mud flat Geonames:feature FTT:1033 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_grove ENVO olive grove wood ENVO:00000193 olive grove olive grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. EcoLexicon:scree FTT:1078 FTT:96 Geonames:T.TAL SWEETRealm:Talus TGN:21508 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS talus slope scree Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS USGS:SDTS talus slope Geonames:feature talus slope Getty:TGN A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. basin EcoLexicon:sink_hole FTT:1073 FTT:1074 Geonames:T.SINK SWEETRealm:Sink TGN:21371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole cenote sink sinkhole A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole basin USGS:SDTS sink Geonames:feature sink USGS:SDTS A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. FTT:223 FTT:477 FTT:706 FTT:895 LTER:434 SWEETRealm:Playa ENVO chott kavir playa salina ENVO:00000196 alkaline flat A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha chott ADL:FTT kavir ADL:FTT playa ADL:FTT salina USGS:SDTS A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_lake closed lake endorheic lake A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake envoPolar ice-covered lake A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. EcoLexicon:meromictic_lake_ The deepest layer of water in such a lake typically does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. meromictic lake A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000200 envoPolar periglacial lake A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord_lake ENVO ENVO:00000201 envoPolar fjord lake A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. EcoLexicon:ox-bow_lake FTT:221 FTT:903 Geonames:H.LKO TGN:21139 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxbow_lake ENVO ENVO:00000202 oxbow lake A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. rift lake A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_lake A spring through which fluid intermittently flows. ephemeral spring A spring through which fluid intermittently flows. MA:ma A spring whose flow is continuous. ENVO ENVO:00000205 permanent spring A spring whose flow is continuous. MA:ma The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:neritic_zone SWEETRealm:NeriticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neritic_zone envoMarine envoPolar marine neritic zone The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:oceanic_zone OceanLayer envoMarine envoPolar oceanic zone The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean OceanLayer NASA:earthrealm An open ocean region. EcoLexicon:pelagic_zone SPIRE:Pelagic SWEETRealm:PelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone envoMarine envoPolar marine pelagic zone An open ocean region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. EcoLexicon:epipelagic_zone SPIRE:Epipelagic_zone SWEETRealm:PhoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone PhoticZone epipelagic zone envoMarine envoPolar marine photic zone The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean PhoticZone NASA:earthrealm The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. EcoLexicon:aphotic_zone SWEETRealm:AphoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphotic_zone AphoticZone envoMarine envoPolar marine aphotic zone The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean AphoticZone NASA:earthrealm The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. EcoLexicon:bathypelagic_zone SWEETRealm:BathypelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypelagic_zone envoMarine marine bathypelagic zone The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. envoMarine marine abyssalpelagic zone The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). EcoLexicon:mesopelagic_zone SPIRE:Mesopelagic_zone SWEETRealm:MesopelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone envoMarine marine mesopelagic zone The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. envoMarine hadalpelagic zone The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. EcoLexicon:hydrothermal_vent FTT:834 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent HydrothermalVents ENVO ENVO:00000215 hydrothermal vent A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vents HydrothermalVents NASA:earthrealm A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. thermal feature EcoLexicon:fumarole FTT:731 FTT:732 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole FUMAROLE ENVO ENVO:00000216 fumarole A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. USGS:SDTS thermal feature ADL:FTT FUMAROLE USGS:SDTS A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. EcoLexicon:solfatara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfatara ENVO ENVO:00000217 solfatara A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. SPIRE:Oceanic_vent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker active chimney ENVO oceanic vent sea vent ENVO:00000218 black smoker A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker oceanic vent SPIRE:Oceanic_vent A sea that is not connected with an ocean. lake FTT:221 FTT:871 inland sea envoMarine envoPolar landlocked sea A sea that is not connected with an ocean. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS inland sea USGS:SDTS A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. EcoLexicon:archipelago FTT:146 TGN:21470 TGN:21474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER IslandArc island arc island group archipelago A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER USGS:SDTS IslandArc NASA:earthrealm island arc USGS:SDTS island group Getty:TGN An island that lies on a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:continental_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_island ENVO ENVO:00000221 continental island An island that lies on a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Continental_island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. EcoLexicon:oceanic_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_island ENVO volcanic island ENVO:00000222 oceanic island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands A slope which a) extends the perimeter of a continent, b) is covered by a shallow marine water body during interglacial periods, c) has a low degree of steepness relative to a continental slope or rise. shelf EcoLexicon:continental_shelf FTT:283 FTT:284 FTT:535 FTT:537 FTT:538 FTT:539 Geonames:U.BDLU Geonames:U.SHFU SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelves, continental borderland borderland (continental margin) platform (continental margin) shelf edge (ocean) envoPolar The continental shelf is a gentle slope. This class refers to the geographical continental shelf and not the legal concept of the same name. continental shelf A slope which a) extends the perimeter of a continent, b) is covered by a shallow marine water body during interglacial periods, c) has a low degree of steepness relative to a continental slope or rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelf Geonames:feature shelves, continental ADL:FTT borderland Geonames:feature borderland (continental margin) ADL:FTT platform (continental margin) ADL:FTT shelf edge (ocean) ADL:FTT An estuary in which river output is less than the marine input, resulting in the mixing of the whole water column by current-induced turbulence, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. partially mixed estuary vertically mixed estuary slightly stratified estuary An estuary in which river output is less than the marine input, resulting in the mixing of the whole water column by current-induced turbulence, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. highly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary in which river output greatly exceeds marine input, resulting in little mixing and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. EcoLexicon:salt-wedge_estuary salt wedge estuary saline wedge estuary An estuary in which river output greatly exceeds marine input, resulting in little mixing and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. obsolete vertically mixed estuary true An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary An estuary which is located in regions where evaporation greatly exceeds the inflow of fresh water, forming a zone of maximum salinity towards which both riverine and marine water masses flow, before sinking and spreading along the bottom in both seaward and landward directions. inverse estuary An estuary which is located in regions where evaporation greatly exceeds the inflow of fresh water, forming a zone of maximum salinity towards which both riverine and marine water masses flow, before sinking and spreading along the bottom in both seaward and landward directions. An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. intermittent estuary An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_wetland coastal wetland ecosystem A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. MA:ma A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. moor EcoLexicon:moor FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:H.MOOR LTER:351 TGN:21608 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor moor A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorland moor Geonames:feature A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. wetland FTT:685 TGN:21321 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen fen A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types wetland ADL:FTT A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. lake watercourse EcoLexicon:embayment_ FTT:1206 FTT:228 FTT:230 TGN:21303 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou ENVO bahia embayment lake slough ENVO:00000234 bayou A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayous lake USGS:SDTS watercourse USGS:SDTS bahia ADL:FTT embayment ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. carr A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. dambo A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A danbo associated with a headwater. hydromorphic/phreatic dambo A danbo associated with a headwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A dambo associated with a river. fluvial dambo A dambo associated with a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. pocasin A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocosin A wetland ecosystem in which soil is saturated with saline water. It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline wetland A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. wetland EcoLexicon:tidal_flat FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:H.FLTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_flat FLAT tidal flat ENVO ENVO:00000241 tidal mudflat A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT FLAT USGS:SDTS tidal flat ADL:FTT tidal flat Geonames:feature tidal flat USGS:SDTS A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. lacustrine mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. MA:ma A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater wetland ecosystem A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. EcoLexicon:abyssal_plain FTT:4 SPIRE:Abyssal TGN:23302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain ENVO abyssal feature ENVO:00000244 abyssal plain A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain NASA:earthrealm abyssal feature ADL:FTT A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. maar A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maar A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. FTT:219 TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater crater volcanic crater A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. mount EcoLexicon:volcano FTT:592 Geonames:T.VLC TGN:21406 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcano An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano mount USGS:SDTS A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 envoPolar glacial valley A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. moraine EcoLexicon:lateral_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_moraine envoPolar lateral moraine The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine moraine USGS:SDTS A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_moraine envoPolar medial moraine A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. EcoLexicon:ground_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_moraine envoPolar ground moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. EcoLexicon:terminal_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_moraine end moraine delta moraine moraine envoPolar terminal moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine end moraine USGS:SDTS delta moraine USGS:SDTS moraine USGS:SDTS A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. ENVO ENVO:00000253 scroll plane A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scroll_plain An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. ENVO ENVO:00000254 till plain An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till_plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. EcoLexicon:flood_plain FTT:288 FTT:98 LTER:197 SWEETRealm:FloodPlain TGN:21460 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain FLOOD PLAIN Floodplain floodplain ENVO bottomland ENVO:00000255 flood plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. USGS:SDTS FLOOD PLAIN USGS:SDTS Floodplain NASA:earthrealm floodplain ADL:FTT bottomland ADL:FTT The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. FTT:710 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodway floodway The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fringe ENVO ENVO:00000257 flood fringe Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. EcoLexicon:alluvial_plain SWEETRealm:AlluvialPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain alluvial plain A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. SWEETRealm:LacustrinePlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain ENVO ENVO:00000259 lacustrine plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). FTT:259 FTT:707 FTT:769 FTT:926 TGN:21605 TGN:21606 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland llanos pampa plain veld prairie An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS llanos ADL:FTT pampa Getty:TGN plain ADL:FTT veld USGS:SDTS A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 TGN:21607 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna Savanna grassland savannah savanna A grassland of the tropics or subtropics with scattered trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands Savanna NASA:earthrealm grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS savannah ADL:FTT A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. EcoLexicon:steppe FTT:259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland pampa pampas puszta steppe A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS pampas USGS:SDTS puszta USGS:SDTS A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. ENVO ENVO:00000263 fissure cave A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. mount EcoLexicon:mountain EcoLexicon:seamount FTT:1241 Geonames:MTSU Geonames:RNGU Geonames:U.HLLU Geonames:U.HLSU Geonames:U.KNLU Geonames:U.KNSU Geonames:U.MESU Geonames:U.MNDU Geonames:U.MTU Geonames:U.PKSU Geonames:U.PKU Geonames:U.SMSU Geonames:U.SMU TGN:23132 TGN:23133 TGN:23172 TGN:23175 TGN:23176 TGN:23178 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount mountains sea mount sea-mount seaknoll submarine volcano ENVO hill hills knoll knolls mesa mound mount mountain peak peaks range seakpeak undersea hill undersea knoll undersea mound ENVO:00000264 seamount A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount mount USGS:SDTS mountains Geonames:feature seaknoll USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hills Geonames:feature knoll Geonames:feature knolls Geonames:feature mesa Geonames:feature mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS mountain Geonames:feature peak Geonames:feature peaks Geonames:feature range Geonames:feature seakpeak ADL:FTT seakpeak USGS:SDTS undersea hill Getty:TGN undersea knoll Getty:TGN undersea mound Getty:TGN A flat-topped seamount. seamount EcoLexicon:tablemount FTT:1197 FTT:777 FTT:778 Geonames:U.TMSU TGN:23171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot tablemount tablemounts plateau tablemount (seafloor) guyot A flat-topped seamount. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot seamount ADL:FTT tablemount Geonames:feature tablemounts Geonames:feature plateau USGS:SDTS tablemount (seafloor) ADL:FTT A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. FTT:45 FTT:67 Geonames:L.GRAZ grazing area pasture A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture grazing area Geonames:feature A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. canyon canyons EcoLexicon:submarine_canyon FTT:421 Geonames:U.CNSU Geonames:U.CNYU TGN:23415 TGN:23416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon SubmarineCanyon undersea canyon ENVO undersea ravine ENVO:00000267 submarine canyon A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon canyon Geonames:feature canyons Geonames:feature SubmarineCanyon NASA:earthrealm undersea canyon Getty:TGN undersea ravine Getty:TGN The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. FTT:221 FTT:804 lake bottom lake lake bed The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. island FTT:147 FTT:890 Geonames:T.ISLT TGN:21511 ENVO land-tied island ENVO:00000269 land-tied island A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. MA:ma island ADL:FTT land-tied island Geonames:feature A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. FTT:245 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_pond ENVO lake ENVO:00000270 beaver pond A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. FTT:477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott shott ENVO ENVO:00000271 chott A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott The point where a tributary joins a more major river. stream EcoLexicon:confluence FTT:105 FTT:531 Geonames:H.CNFL TGN:21160 TGN:21381 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence ENVO stream junction ENVO:00000272 confluence The point where a tributary joins a more major river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence stream Geonames:feature stream junction Getty:TGN A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. EcoLexicon:continental_slope FTT:536 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_slope envoPolar continental slope A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin A slope which a) bridges, and thus lies between, a continental slope and an abyssal plain, b) is formed by the accumulation of sediments transported from a continental slope by processes including turbidity currents c) has a gradient less than a continental slope yet greater than a continental shelf. FTT:534 Geonames:U.CRSU TGN:23110 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_rise On Earth, the gradient of the continental rise is on the order of 0.5-1. It may extend as far as 500 kilometers from the slope, continental rise A slope which a) bridges, and thus lies between, a continental slope and an abyssal plain, b) is formed by the accumulation of sediments transported from a continental slope by processes including turbidity currents c) has a gradient less than a continental slope yet greater than a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. EcoLexicon:deep_sea_trench FTT:1021 FTT:609 FTT:610 Geonames:U.TRGU Geonames:U.TRNU SWEETRealm:Trench TGN:23462 TGN:23464 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_trench Trench deep sea trench ENVO deep undersea trench ENVO:00000275 ocean trench Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench Trench NASA:earthrealm deep USGS:SDTS undersea trench Getty:TGN An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. EcoLexicon:drumlin FTT:647 TGN:21411 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin ENVO mount ridge ENVO:00000276 drumlin An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. lake FTT:650 Geonames:H.LBED SWEETRealm:DryLake TGN:21117 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_lake lake bed Classes like this pose a logical problem. This probably shouldn't be a lake (water body) but a depression. Lakes which have temporarily lost water should be distinguished from permanently dry lakes. dry lake A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake bed Geonames:feature A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. FTT:105 FTT:651 Geonames:T.SBED ENVO dry stream bed ENVO:00000278 dry stream A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. MA:ma dry stream bed ADL:FTT dry stream bed Geonames:feature A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. EcoLexicon:salt_pan Geonames:L.SALT SWEETRealm:SaltFlat TGN:21459 TGN:21506 SALT PAN salt pan ENVO salt area salt flat ENVO:00000279 saline pan A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pan_%28geology%29 SALT PAN USGS:SDTS salt area Geonames:feature salt area Getty:TGN salt flat Getty:TGN A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. EcoLexicon:scarp FTT:490 FTT:596 Geonames:T.CUET Geonames:T.SCRP TGN:21489 TGN:21500 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment scarp cliff cuesta An escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. escarpment A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment cliff USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta Geonames:feature cuesta Getty:TGN An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_escarpment fault escarpment An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. FTT:673 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ENVO ridge ENVO:00000282 esker A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. EcoLexicon:beach_cusp EcoLexicon:crest FTT:1176 FTT:1177 FTT:154 FTT:155 FTT:236 FTT:596 FTT:809 FTT:844 Geonames:T.RDGE SWEETRealm:Ridge TGN:21366 TGN:21491 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge RIDGE Ridge beach cusp beach ridge icecap ridge rise (seafloor) arete crest cuesta hogback ridge spur spur (physiographic) ridge A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. USGS:SDTS RIDGE USGS:SDTS Ridge NASA:earthrealm beach cusp USGS:SDTS beach ridge ADL:FTT beach ridge USGS:SDTS icecap ridge ADL:FTT rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT arete ADL:FTT arete USGS:SDTS crest USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta USGS:SDTS hogback ADL:FTT ridge Geonames:feature spur Getty:TGN spur (physiographic) ADL:FTT An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry A bed which is composed of quicksand forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. quicksand bed A bed which is composed of quicksand forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksand An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:polder FTT:1070 FTT:96 Geonames:T.PLDR TGN:21522 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder polder An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. Geonames:feature physiographic feature ADL:FTT An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. plateau FTT:376 Geonames:T.BUTE SWEETRealm:Butte TGN:21443 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butte butte An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. ADL:FTT plateau USGS:SDTS agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:53 Geonames:ESTC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000288 cotton plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. horst The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_%28geology%29 A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. FTT:682 SWEETRealm:FaultZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben fault zone graben A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben fault zone ADL:FTT An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. EcoLexicon:basin EcoLexicon:drainage_basin FTT:220 FTT:440 Geonames:L.BSND LTER:58 SWEETRealm:DrainageBasin TGN:21455 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin CATCHMENT Catchment Watershed catchment drainage basin watershed drainage basin An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin NASA:earthrealm CATCHMENT USGS:SDTS Catchment NASA:earthrealm Watershed NASA:earthrealm catchment ADL:FTT catchment USGS:SDTS drainage basin Geonames:feature watershed ADL:FTT The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. FTT:220 FTT:645 Geonames:T.DVD LTER:626 SWEETRealm:Watershed TGN:21440 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed divide water divide RIDGE LINE divide drainage basin watershed The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_divide divide Geonames:feature RIDGE LINE USGS:SDTS divide Getty:TGN drainage basin ADL:FTT A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. FTT:533 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_divide ENVO ENVO:00000293 continental divide A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. MA:ma A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. FTT:123 FTT:694 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm aquacultural site fishery fish farm A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm aquacultural site ADL:FTT fishery ADL:FTT A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. FTT:695 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery fish hatchery A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchery A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. FTT:45 FTT:70 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_field ENVO agricultural site cropland rice paddy ENVO:00000296 rice field A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. MA:ma agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field paddy field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_paddy A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. EcoLexicon:iceberg FTT:758 FTT:838 TGN:21142 ICEBERG Iceberg arched iceberg glacial berg glacial iceberg iceberg envoPolar marine iceberg A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. USGS:SDTS ICEBERG USGS:SDTS Iceberg NASA:earthrealm arched iceberg USGS:SDTS glacial berg USGS:SDTS glacial iceberg USGS:SDTS iceberg ISBN:978-0-07-045258-9 http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4132 A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap envoPolar Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. FTT:473 SPIRE:Chaparral chaparal area maquis woodland chaparral area A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral chaparal area ADL:FTT maquis USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. FTT:684 SWEETRealm:RiftValley RiftValley rift zone rift valley A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley RiftValley NASA:earthrealm rift zone ADL:FTT The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. EcoLexicon:coast EcoLexicon:sea_coast FTT:500 Geonames:L.CST SPIRE:Coastal SPIRE:Littoral SWEETRealm:CoastalRegion TGN:21483 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast coast line coastal area coastline sea coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. USGS:SDTS coastal area USGS:SDTS coastline USGS:SDTS That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. coastal zone EcoLexicon:shore FTT:240 FTT:503 FTT:504 Geonames:T.SHOR SWEETRealm:Shore TGN:21481 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore shoreface beach face foreshore inshore rivage seashore strand shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. USGS:SDTS coastal zone ADL:FTT shoreface USGS:SDTS beach face USGS:SDTS foreshore USGS:SDTS inshore USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS seashore USGS:SDTS strand USGS:SDTS A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. EcoLexicon:peninsula FTT:253 FTT:422 FTT:423 FTT:424 FTT:425 Geonames:T.CAPE Geonames:T.HDLD Geonames:T.PEN Geonames:T.PROM Geonames:T.PT Geonames:T.PTS SWEETRealm:Point TGN:21462 TGN:21463 TGN:21464 TGN:21476 TGN:21477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula cape foreland head headland hook neck ness point point (physiographic) points promontgory promontory tongue winged headland peninsula A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. USGS:SDTS cape ADL:FTT cape Geonames:feature cape Getty:TGN foreland USGS:SDTS head USGS:SDTS headland ADL:FTT headland Geonames:feature headland Getty:TGN headland USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS neck USGS:SDTS point Geonames:feature point Getty:TGN point USGS:SDTS point (physiographic) ADL:FTT points Geonames:feature promontgory Geonames:feature promontory Getty:TGN promontory USGS:SDTS tongue USGS:SDTS winged headland USGS:SDTS A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. EcoLexicon:spit FTT:210 Geonames:T.SPIT SWEETRealm:Spit TGN:21465 ENVO bar spit ENVO:00000306 spit A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29 bar USGS:SDTS spit Geonames:feature A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow, a chaotic crevassed surface, and a pronounced, at times vertical, slope. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 FTT:758 FTT:842 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall ice fall ice-fall envoPolar Icefalls may be formed as glaciers flow through narrow openings in landmasses. icefall A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow, a chaotic crevassed surface, and a pronounced, at times vertical, slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall A valley or trough between two dunes. FTT:652 Geonames:T.TRGD interdune trough ENVO ENVO:00000308 dune slack A valley or trough between two dunes. MA:ma interdune trough ADL:FTT interdune trough Geonames:feature A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depressed landform A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater meteorite crater meteorite impact crater meteoroid impact crater For the moment, no distinction is made between meteroids, lithometeors, or meteorites in this class. These can be added if needed. meteor impact crater A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. basin kettle hole kettle A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_%28geology%29 basin USGS:SDTS The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur ENVO outwash plain ENVO:00000312 sandur The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. EcoLexicon:blowout FTT:267 Geonames:T.BLOW TGN:21448 blowout A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowout_%28geology%29 A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. EcoLexicon:alluvial_fan FTT:94 FTT:95 Geonames:T.FAN SWEETRealm:AlluvialFan TGN:21421 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) fan alluvial fan A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) ADL:FTT fan Geonames:feature A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. FTT:188 FTT:191 SWEETRealm:Bajada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajada ENVO desert ENVO:00000315 bajada A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan desert ADL:FTT The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone littoral zone Very similar to the "marine eulittoral zone" class, but without reference to seasonal tide marks. Some sources make no distinction between these zones, thus, they are currently related synonyms. intertidal zone The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone NASA:earthrealm Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. EcoLexicon:tidal_pool https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_pool tidal pool Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide_pool The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. upper littoral high tide zone The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. lower littoral low tide zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone A deep fissure in snow or ice. FTT:489 FTT:594 FTT:702 Geonames:T.FSR TGN:21415 TGN:21416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse CREVASSE cleft fissure crevasse A deep fissure in snow or ice. USGS:SDTS CREVASSE USGS:SDTS cleft ADL:FTT cleft Getty:TGN fissure Getty:TGN A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000321 joint-plane cave A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. wiki:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave formed in volcanic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave ENVO lava cave ENVO:00000322 "Lave cave" is differentiated from "volcanic cave": the former is formed in volcanic rock, the latter is formed by volcanic processes. volcanic cave A cave formed in volcanic rock. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. ENVO ENVO:00000323 live cave A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000324 outflow cave A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A large closed depression draining underground, with a flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. EcoLexicon:polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje polje A large closed depression draining underground, with a flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cave ENVO ENVO:00000326 sea cave A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. EcoLexicon:speleothem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem speleothem A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem An interface layer which 1) is primarily composed of solid materials, 2) separates the land surface and phreatic zone, and 3) contains groundwater at atmospheric pressure. unsaturated zone If the vadose zone includes portions of soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. In such soils, therefore, the unsaturated zone is the upper section of the vadose zone and not identical to it. vadose zone An interface layer which 1) is primarily composed of solid materials, 2) separates the land surface and phreatic zone, and 3) contains groundwater at atmospheric pressure. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone unsaturated zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone zone of saturation phreatic zone A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone zone of saturation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalagmite ENVO ENVO:00000330 stalagmite A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactite ENVO ENVO:00000331 stalactite A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doline doline A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. ENVO ENVO:00000333 subjacent karst Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. ENVO ENVO:00000334 syngenetic karst Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. ENVO ENVO:00000335 polygonal karst Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. ENVO ENVO:00000336 doline karst Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html FOODON:00001001 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_juice ENVO ENVO:00000337 Added for compatibility with GEMINA. obsolete orange juice true A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vomit material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVOC:nm GEMINA:ls https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomit A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. A piece of rock which is between two and 64 millimetres in length along its largest dimension. Arguably, this could be placed in the "particle" hierarchy, but is usually considered too large in everyday semantics. piece of gravel A piece of rock which is between two and 64 millimetres in length along its largest dimension. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:840 Geonames:H.DOMG TGN:21144 icecap dome icecap dome envoPolar ice cap dome A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. Geonames:feature ice mass ADL:FTT icecap dome Geonames:feature icecap dome ADL:FTT A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. grain of desert sand grain of beach sand grain of acid dune sand grain of sea sand grain of rocky sand A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrarium ENVO ENVO:00000349 terrarium A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma_volcano ENVO ENVO:00000350 This may be more a subclass of 'caldera' somma volcano A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc ENVO ENVO:00000351 volcanic arc A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. ENVO ENVO:00000352 continental arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. EcoLexicon:island_arc SWEETRealm:IslandArc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_arc ENVO ENVO:00000353 island arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A geothermal field which is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field volcanic complex volcanic group volcanic system volcanic field A geothermal field which is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field monogenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone pyroclastic dome ENVO ENVO:00000356 pyroclastic cone A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. EcoLexicon:lock ENVO ENVO:00000357 lock A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_%28water_transport%29 An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. protected area This class needs revision. Protected areas may be designated for multiple uses, and more clarity is needed. Further, the protections applied to the entities within the site may not prioritise biodiversity conservation. At a very general level, "protection" suggests that some forms of use are, in principle, excluded. area of protected biodiversity An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_area A natural environment which has been designated by a competent authority as having outstanding or unique value because of its rarity, aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. monument The commemorative value may be associated with one or more components of the environment in question, such as a mountain, tree, or river. natural monument A natural environment which has been designated by a competent authority as having outstanding or unique value because of its rarity, aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Monument A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. national forest area of national forest A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Forest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. Area of Special Scientific Interest SSSI site of special scientific interest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSSI A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. marine park marine park area A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_park A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. natural preserve natural reserve nature preserve nature reserve area designated as a nature reserve A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserve A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. national wildlife refuge A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). Ramsar site A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention An area of protected biodiversity which is of national significance for biological or Earth science interest. national nature reserve Used as a designation in the United Kingdom. area designated as a national nature reserve An area of protected biodiversity which is of national significance for biological or Earth science interest. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Nature_Reserve An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. national park IUCN-PACS:II Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. IUCN national park An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park national park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park IUCN-PACS:II https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000368 ephemeral island An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. ENVO:01000060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool marine brine pool ENVO ENVO:00000369 envoPolar brine pool MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya ENVO ENVO:00000370 tuya A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano compound volcano complex volcano A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. ignimbrite shield volcano terrestrial ignimbrite shield ENVO ENVO:00000372 pyroclastic shield volcano A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. obsolete geothermal field true An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. wiki:http://www.webref.org/geology/g/geothermal_field.htm A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. wildlife management area A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management_area A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. world heritage site A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_site An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve biosphere reserve An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve A lake purposefully constructed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lake artificial lake A lake purposefully constructed. MA:ma A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. ENVO ENVO:00000378 canal head reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir The disposition of an environmental system to be covered by liquid water. 2019-10-29T15:44:41Z flooding disposition inundation disposition An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. SWEETRealm:IceShelf http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceShelf envoPolar An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. ice shelf An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_shelf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. EcoLexicon:massif FTT:946 TGN:21435 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif massif A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. TGN:21484 lakeshore lake shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. MA:ma lakeshore Getty:TGN The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. FTT:651 Geonames:H.STMB TGN:21165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed stream bottom dry stream bed stream channel stream bed The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed dry stream bed ADL:FTT stream channel Getty:TGN stream channel USGS:SDTS The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. watercourse EcoLexicon:river_bed_structure SWEETRealm:RiverBed TGN:21154 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bed river bottom ENVO ENVO:00000384 river bed The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed watercourse USGS:SDTS The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. stream FTT:105 FTT:1222 Geonames:H.STMM stream mouth The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. Geonames:feature stream ADL:FTT The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. TGN:21156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_mouth river mouth The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. MA:ma A depression which intermittently contains a lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:875 Geonames:H.LKI Geonames:H.LKSI TGN:21118 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_lake intermittent lake intermittent lakes This has been moved from the lake hierarchy. container of an intermittent lake A depression which intermittently contains a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT intermittent lake Geonames:feature intermittent lakes Geonames:feature A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. TGN:21111 ENVO ENVO:00000388 obsolete intermittent watercourse true A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma A wetland ecosystem which is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. In a strict sense, this class cannot always satisfy the subclass axiom of wetland, requiring soil to always have a wet quality. Perhaps this should be treated more like channel of an intermittent stream. FTT:85 FTT:883 Geonames:H.WTLDI TGN:21306 intermittent wetland A wetland ecosystem which is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. MA:ma A spur which is part of a mountain. mountain spur An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge ENVO ENVO:00000391 land bridge An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. TGN:21143 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacier tongue glacial tongue envoPolar ice tongue A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacial tongue USGS:SDTS A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. EcoLexicon:sound FTT:233 FTT:469 Geonames:H.SD SWEETRealm:Sound TGN:21129 envoPolar sound A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_%28geography%29 A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. channel watercourse EcoLexicon:strait FTT:233 FTT:470 Geonames:H.STRT SWEETRealm:Strait TGN:21132 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait strait A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait channel ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS A depressed landform which physically confines a river, slough or ocean strait, and which consists of a bed and banks. We need a more general channel definition, the current is only for water course channels. We need to refactor the semantics of channels, tunnels and conduits, in a similar way to uberon anatomical channels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004111. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/147 EcoLexicon:channel EcoLexicon:sea_channel FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:H.CHN Geonames:U.SCNU Geonames:U.SCSU SWEETRealm:Channel TGN:21137 TGN:23451 channel of a watercourse A depressed landform which physically confines a river, slough or ocean strait, and which consists of a bed and banks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28geography%29 A channel of a watercourse which contains marine water. FTT:233 FTT:465 Geonames:H.CHNM TGN:21186 envoPolar marine channel A channel of a watercourse which contains lake water. FTT:233 FTT:464 Geonames:H.CHNL TGN:21185 envoPolar lake channel Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. cone FTT:530 Geonames:T.CONE SWEETRealm:VolcanicCone TGN:21418 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone lava cone cone (geological) volcanic cone Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone cone Geonames:feature cone Getty:TGN lava cone USGS:SDTS cone (geological) ADL:FTT A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_cone ENVO ENVO:00000399 ash cone A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. SWEETRealm:CinderCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinder_cone ENVO mount ENVO:00000400 cinder cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone mount USGS:SDTS A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. SWEETRealm:SpatterCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatter_cone ENVO ENVO:00000401 spatter cone A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. EcoLexicon:mud_volcano https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano mud volcano A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount shield volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount USGS:SDTS A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano ENVO composite volcano ENVO:00000404 stratovolcano A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. ENVO:00000264 ENVO ENVO:00000405 obsolete submarine volcano true An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_volcano An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. EcoLexicon:oceanic_ridge TGN:23151 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge NASA:earthrealm A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano tuya Something more specific than an adjacent_to relation would be better, especially considering the volcano in question may have melted nearby glacial mass. subglacial volcano A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. FTT:702 SWEETRealm:Fissure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_fissure ENVO fissure fissure vent ENVO:00000408 volcanic fissure A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissure_vent A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. hydrographic feature FTT:131 FTT:829 TGN:21183 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool WHRL whirlpool A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool hydrographic feature ADL:FTT WHRL Geonames:feature An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipuka kipuka An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava#K.C4.ABpukas The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. transportation feature EcoLexicon:ford FTT:714 FTT:83 Geonames:T.FORD TGN:21170 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford ford (crossing) ENVO ENVO:00000411 ford The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. USGS:SDTS transportation feature ADL:FTT ford (crossing) ADL:FTT A watercourse which has the intensity and direction of its flow primarily determined by the tides. TGN:21130 tidal watercourse A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. mount https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo hydrolaccolith pingos bugor bulginniakh envoPolar Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. pingo A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo mount USGS:SDTS hydrolaccolith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo pingos A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. FTT:142 FTT:143 FTT:144 TGN:21445 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) natural bridge sea arch natural arch A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) ADL:FTT natural bridge ADL:FTT sea arch ADL:FTT A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. EcoLexicon:raised_beach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach ENVO terrace ENVO:00000415 raised beach A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach terrace USGS:SDTS A dune which is part of a coast. coastal dune A dune which is part of a coast. A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. ENVO ENVO:00000417 machair A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machair_%28geography%29 A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria ENVO drowned river valley drowned valley valley ENVO:00000418 ria A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria valley USGS:SDTS A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. EcoLexicon:stack stack A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29 A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. EcoLexicon:tombolo SWEETRealm:Tombolo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo bar island tombolo A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo bar USGS:SDTS island USGS:SDTS The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. SWEETRealm:WaveCutPlatform https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-cut_platform marine terrace wave-cut platform The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_cut_platform A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement ENVO ENVO:00000422 limestone pavement A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement An island that lies in a river. EcoLexicon:fluvial_island TGN:21428 ENVO ait eyot fluvial island ENVO:00000423 river island An island that lies in a river. MA:ma fluvial island Getty:TGN An island that lies in a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_island ENVO ENVO:00000424 lake island An island that lies in a lake. MA:ma A marine bed which lies below an ocean. FTT:1020 ocean bed ocean floor feature seafloor ocean floor A marine bed which lies below an ocean. MA:ma ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet. However, these two terms are often used interchangeably. A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. watercourse EcoLexicon:meander FTT:105 FTT:948 SWEETRealm:Meandering TGN:21153 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander stream oxbow loop meander A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander watercourse USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm A ridge which is jagged, narrow and separates glacier valleys or cirques. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z FTT:154 ridge envoCryo envoPolar The ridge frequently resembles the blade of a serrated knife. A French term referring to the bones in a fish backbone. Aretes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Aretes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. arete A ridge which is jagged, narrow and separates glacier valleys or cirques. ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS The ridge frequently resembles the blade of a serrated knife. A French term referring to the bones in a fish backbone. Aretes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Aretes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone envoPolar dirt cone A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field ENVO drumlin swarm ENVO:00000431 drumlin field A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadnock inselberg kopje mount monadnock An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inselberg mount USGS:SDTS A terrace associated with a kame. ENVO ENVO:00000433 kame terrace A terrace associated with a kame. MA:ma A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan ENVO ENVO:00000434 outwash fan A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake envoPolar proglacial lake A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake lake USGS:SDTS A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley ENVO rinnental tunnel-vale ENVO:00000436 envoPolar tunnel valley A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley A small tunnel valley. ENVO ENVO:00000437 Nye channel A small tunnel valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas alas A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. valley ENVO ENVO:00000439 dell A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_%28landform%29 valley USGS:SDTS A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter ENVO rockhouse ENVO:00000440 rock shelter A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. SWEETRealm:Terracette https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette ENVO ENVO:00000441 terracette A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelstrom ENVO ENVO:00000442 maelstrom A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. EcoLexicon:flood_control_reservoir FTT:1175 FTT:217 FTT:709 TGN:51261 flood control basin ENVO retention basin storage basin ENVO:00000443 flood control reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. MA:ma retention basin ADL:FTT storage basin ADL:FTT A tract of land which has few or no trees and is surrounded by more heavily wooded areas. FTT:259 FTT:488 Geonames:L.CLG LTER:79 TGN:21651 CLEARING clearing forest clearing burn burnt over area clearing cut line fire break glade grassland logged area opening There should be a better superclass than "field" which should indicate that there are no woody plants in growth form "tree" around. woodland clearing A tract of land which has few or no trees and is surrounded by more heavily wooded areas. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glade_(geography) CLEARING USGS:SDTS clearing Geonames:feature burn USGS:SDTS burnt over area USGS:SDTS clearing ADL:FTT cut line USGS:SDTS fire break USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS grassland ADL:FTT logged area USGS:SDTS An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement ENVO ENVO:00000445 transvasement An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial realm terrestrial biome A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. SPIRE:Marine marine realm envoPolar This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. marine biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000448 hydroelectric reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. ENVO ENVO:00000449 drinking water reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000450 irrigation reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. ENVO ENVO:00000451 amenity lake A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. MA:ma A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake ribbon lake A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman ENVO ENVO:00000453 liman A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman_(landform) A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough ENVO ENVO:00000454 turlough A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough_(lake) A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn corrie loch ENVO ENVO:00000455 envoPolar tarn A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn_(lake) A glacier which terminates in a lake or the sea, with terminus either floating or grounded envoPolar The adjective indicates geographical setting, and not that tides play a role in the mass balance. Typically, tidewater glaciers calve ice to produce icebergs. There are currently issues in the community about the definition of this glacier type: It is undecided whether or not a) a tidewater glacier has to have a grounded terminus and b) whether glaciers terminating in a lake can be considered to be tidewater glaciers. tidewater glacier A glacier which terminates in a lake or the sea, with terminus either floating or grounded https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The adjective indicates geographical setting, and not that tides play a role in the mass balance. Typically, tidewater glaciers calve ice to produce icebergs. There are currently issues in the community about the definition of this glacier type: It is undecided whether or not a) a tidewater glacier has to have a grounded terminus and b) whether glaciers terminating in a lake can be considered to be tidewater glaciers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. envoPolar plateau glacier A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A glacier which 1) flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a valley, in consequence having a distinct tongue and a well-defined outline and 2) descends from either high mountains, from an ice cap on a plateau, or from an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_glacier These glaciers typically flow down pre-existing valleys and have ice-free slopes overlooking the glacier surface. valley glacier A glacier which 1) flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a valley, in consequence having a distinct tongue and a well-defined outline and 2) descends from either high mountains, from an ice cap on a plateau, or from an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 These glaciers typically flow down pre-existing valleys and have ice-free slopes overlooking the glacier surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlet_glacier envoPolar outlet glacier A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. ENVO ENVO:00000460 penplain A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peneplain A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocrater rootless vent pseudocrater A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootless_vent A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field polygenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field A landform which provides shelter from atmospheric weather and marine currents, waves, and other dynamics. SWEETRealm:Harbor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor harbor envoPolar Harbours are often used to store or shelter ships. harbour A landform which provides shelter from atmospheric weather and marine currents, waves, and other dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_harbour artificial harbour envoPolar artificial harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. MA:ma A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_harbor natural harbour envoPolar natural harbor A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor ENVO ENVO:00000466 obsolete marine hydrographic feature true 2 An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. campus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_campus university campus An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_dam ENVO ENVO:00000468 hydroelectric dam A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. research facility A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken. MA:ma A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000470 irrigation dam A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000471 flood control dam A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. wetland FTT:184 TGN:21302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwater BACKWATER backwater An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT BACKWATER USGS:SDTS A quarry from which gravel is extracted. FTT:772 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_pit ENVO mine site ENVO:00000473 gravel pit A quarry from which gravel is extracted. MA:ma mine site ADL:FTT An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. FTT:1182 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut CUT cutting ENVO ENVO:00000474 cut An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. USGS:SDTS CUT USGS:SDTS An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. EcoLexicon:inlet FTT:233 FTT:463 Geonames:H.GULF Geonames:H.INLT SWEETRealm:Inlet TGN:21128 anse arm firth ria envoPolar inlet An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet anse USGS:SDTS arm USGS:SDTS firth USGS:SDTS ria USGS:SDTS An opening of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000476 envoPolar lake inlet An opening of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS A mountain or a hill. FTT:118 FTT:460 TGN:21439 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount cerrito cerro dome koppje monadnock This is not placed under surface landform, as seamounts are also mounts and are submerged. mount A mountain or a hill. USGS:SDTS cerrito USGS:SDTS cerro ADL:FTT cerro USGS:SDTS dome USGS:SDTS koppje USGS:SDTS monadnock USGS:SDTS 2 A field which includes at least two mounts connected by high ground and arranged in an approximately linear fashion. FTT:996 range (physiographic) envoPolar range of mounts range (physiographic) ADL:FTT 2 The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. EcoLexicon:outlet SWEETRealm:Mouth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth MOUTH outlet mouth The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. USGS:SDTS MOUTH USGS:SDTS outlet USGS:SDTS The summit of a mount. EcoLexicon:summit FTT:757 FTT:79 FTT:80 FTT:994 FTT:998 FTT:999 Geonames:T.PK Geonames:T.PKS SWEETRealm:Peak TGN:21490 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak peaks ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak summit peak The summit of a mount. USGS:SDTS peaks Geonames:feature ahu ADL:FTT ice peak USGS:SDTS mountain crest ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak ADL:FTT summit ADL:FTT summit USGS:SDTS A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. natural rock formation EcoLexicon:crag FTT:1008 FTT:145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnacle PINNACLE pinnacle (natural formation) chapeirao coral head crag pillar scar pinnacle A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. USGS:SDTS natural rock formation ADL:FTT PINNACLE USGS:SDTS pinnacle (natural formation) ADL:FTT chapeirao USGS:SDTS coral head USGS:SDTS crag USGS:SDTS pillar USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS A marine bed which lies below a sea. EcoLexicon:sea_floor Meeresboden SeaFloor fondale marino fondo marino ocean floor seabed seafloor ocean floor sea bed 海床 海底 envoPlastics sea floor A marine bed which lies below a sea. MA:ma SeaFloor NASA:earthrealm ocean floor Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet. However, these two terms are often used interchangeably. A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool PLUNGE POOL Problematic. Does this refer to the depression or the accumulated water? plunge pool A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. USGS:SDTS PLUNGE POOL USGS:SDTS A sea surface layer which is 1) not covered by ice and 2) laterally surrounded by either pack ice or land and pack ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z EcoLexicon:polynya SWEETRealm:Polynya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynya POLYNA Polyn'ya Polynya polynia big clearing clearing glade ice clearing regional clearing envoCryo envoPolar A polynya is a Russian term for any non-linear shaped area of open water within the ice pack. Polynyas may contain brash ice and/or be covered with new ice, nilas or young ice; submariners refer to these as skylights. Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the coast and is called a shore polynya or by fast ice and is called a flaw polynya. If it recurs in the same position every year, e.g. off the mouths of big rivers, it is called a recurring polynya. A temporary small clearing in pack ice which consists of small floes and brash in continuous local movement is called an unstable polynya; an opening which is flanked by large floes and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynya. Polynyas range in size from relatively small to enormous. The largest polynya observed in the Antarctic was the Weddell Polynya of 1975-77, covering an area of 2x105km2. The two main categories of polynya are sensible heat and latent heat, depending on the mechanism responsible for maintaining their presence. Latent heat polynyas are maintained by persistent katabatic winds that drain off the continent. Newly formed ice is advected away by the wind, leaving the surface ice-free and open to more ice formation. In this manner latent heat polynyas can be major sources of new ice production. Coastal polynyas are primarily of this type. Sensible heat polynyas are maintained by upwelling warm water that supplies a sufficiently large oceanic heat flux to the base of the ice to reduce its thickness, or melt it completely. These polynyas are not responsible for large quantities of new ice production. A polynya may also form by a combination of the sensible and latent heat processes. From the remote sensing/sea ice standpoint a polynya is a hole in the ice that ordinarily wouldn't be there - except that either the wind is creating it by pushing the ice away or there is something under the ice that is warmer than its surroundings and melting the ice that would otherwise be there. Could be a subclass of a class that describes holes in solid material covering water or other liquids. Perhaps a class like "clearing". Logical def can include surrounded_by "ice mass". polynya A sea surface layer which is 1) not covered by ice and 2) laterally surrounded by either pack ice or land and pack ice. POLYNA USGS:SDTS Polynya NASA:earthrealm polynia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polynia big clearing USGS:SDTS clearing USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS ice clearing USGS:SDTS regional clearing USGS:SDTS A polynya is a Russian term for any non-linear shaped area of open water within the ice pack. Polynyas may contain brash ice and/or be covered with new ice, nilas or young ice; submariners refer to these as skylights. Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the coast and is called a shore polynya or by fast ice and is called a flaw polynya. If it recurs in the same position every year, e.g. off the mouths of big rivers, it is called a recurring polynya. A temporary small clearing in pack ice which consists of small floes and brash in continuous local movement is called an unstable polynya; an opening which is flanked by large floes and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynya. Polynyas range in size from relatively small to enormous. The largest polynya observed in the Antarctic was the Weddell Polynya of 1975-77, covering an area of 2x105km2. The two main categories of polynya are sensible heat and latent heat, depending on the mechanism responsible for maintaining their presence. Latent heat polynyas are maintained by persistent katabatic winds that drain off the continent. Newly formed ice is advected away by the wind, leaving the surface ice-free and open to more ice formation. In this manner latent heat polynyas can be major sources of new ice production. Coastal polynyas are primarily of this type. Sensible heat polynyas are maintained by upwelling warm water that supplies a sufficiently large oceanic heat flux to the base of the ice to reduce its thickness, or melt it completely. These polynyas are not responsible for large quantities of new ice production. A polynya may also form by a combination of the sensible and latent heat processes. From the remote sensing/sea ice standpoint a polynya is a hole in the ice that ordinarily wouldn't be there - except that either the wind is creating it by pushing the ice away or there is something under the ice that is warmer than its surroundings and melting the ice that would otherwise be there. That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. EcoLexicon:seashore FTT:504 shore sea shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. MA:ma A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is located between a landmass and a water body. EcoLexicon:shoreline FTT:240 FTT:503 TGN:21481 Küstenlinie Shoreline linea costiera línea costera 海岸線 SHOR coastline envoPlastics 1) this term is usually used for larger water bodies like lakes and oceans, 2) that the actual spatial extent of a shoreline, and the sharpness of its boundaries, is often arbitrarily or operationally defined, and 3) this term is for the physical shoreline, not the one- or two-dimensional representation of shorelines. shoreline A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is located between a landmass and a water body. USGS:SDTS Shoreline NASA:earthrealm SHOR Geonames:feature coastline The distinction between shoreline and coastline needs more thought. USGS:SDTS One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake envoPolar paternoster lake One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake lake USGS:SDTS A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake envoPolar glacial lake A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake A frost heave which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. palsa bog palsamoor Palsas typically occur in areas with discontinuous permafrost, frequently peat bogs. A palsa consists, similarly to a pingo, of an ice core and overlying soil materials, in case of a palsa usually boggy soil. Palsas are characteristically found in areas with discontinuous permafrost and in such areas bay be the only reliable surface evidence of permafrost. A palsa needs large quantities of water for the formation of its ice core (i.e. ice lens), which is why they frequently emerge from and are bound by boggy soils, which can store enormous quantities of water in their pores. Palsas develop particularly in moorlands and are therefore also named palsamoors. palsa A frost heave which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsa A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000490 consequent stream A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000491 subsequent stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000492 resequent stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. watercourse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000493 obsequent stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream watercourse USGS:SDTS A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000494 insequent stream A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. stream watercourse EcoLexicon:affluent FTT:105 FTT:1261 SWEETRealm:Tributary TGN:21157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary affluent ENVO affluent stream confluent stream river tributary ENVO:00000495 tributary A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS affluent ADL:FTT river tributary Getty:TGN A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. EcoLexicon:rill https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill rill A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon inlet rincon An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon inlet USGS:SDTS An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. ridge FTT:654 dyke (geologic) igneous dike volcanic dyke ENVO ENVO:00000498 volcanic dike An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 ridge USGS:SDTS dyke (geologic) ADL:FTT A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 swale trough A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 swale USGS:SDTS An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. dam FTT:243 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_dam beaver dam An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. MA:ma dam USGS:SDTS The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:880 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSNI intermittent saline lake intermittent salt lake intermittent salt lakes ENVO ENVO:00000502 container of an intermittent saline lake A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt lake Geonames:feature intermittent salt lakes Geonames:feature A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. FTT:221 FTT:876 Geonames:H.LKOI intermittent oxbow lake ENVO ENVO:00000503 container of an intermittent oxbow lake A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. MA:ma https://www.britannica.com/science/oxbow-lake A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. FTT:221 FTT:877 FTT:878 Geonames:H.PNDI Geonames:H.PNDSI Geonames:H.POOLI intermittent pond intermittent ponds intermittent pool intermittent pool intermittent pool container of an intermittent pond A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. MA:ma https://www.britannica.com/science/lacustrine-ecosystem#ref6888 intermittent pond Geonames:feature intermittent ponds Geonames:feature intermittent pool Geonames:feature intermittent pool ADL:FTT intermittent pool ADL:FTT A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. FTT:129 FTT:410 Geonames:H.CNLSB ENVO ENVO:00000505 underground irrigation canal A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. Geonames:feature A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. FTT:221 FTT:588 FTT:879 Geonames:H.RSVI intermittent reservoir intermittently filled reservoir A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. MA:ma intermittent reservoir Geonames:feature The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. FTT:157 FTT:162 Geonames:H.WADM wadi mouth The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. Geonames:feature A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. EcoLexicon:terrace FTT:247 FTT:248 Geonames:T.BNCH Geonames:T.TRR TGN:21498 TGN:21513 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace TERRACE bench ledge rock terrace terrace bench bench (natural) terrace A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. USGS:SDTS TERRACE USGS:SDTS bench Geonames:feature ledge ADL:FTT rock terrace USGS:SDTS terrace Geonames:feature bench Getty:TGN bench USGS:SDTS bench (natural) ADL:FTT A terrace which is located in a marine water body. EcoLexicon:bench FTT:249 Geonames:BNCU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_terrace bench bench (seafloor) marine bench marine terrace bench Geonames:feature bench (seafloor) ADL:FTT marine bench USGS:SDTS A landform which is the narrowest part of a meander. FTT:947 FTT:96 Geonames:T.NKM meander neck A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. wetland SWEETRealm:BlanketBog https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanket_bog ENVO ENVO:00000511 blanket bog A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. IPCC:http://www.ipcc.ie/infoblanketbogfs.html wetland USGS:SDTS The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. pond bottom pond bed The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. MA:ma The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. reservoir bottom reservoir bed The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. MA:ma A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. FTT:219 Geonames:T.CRTR SWEETRealm:Crater TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater CRATER crater A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. Geonames:feature CRATER USGS:SDTS A cut to provide passage for a road. Geonames:R.RDCUT ENVO ENVO:00000515 road cut A cut to provide passage for a road. MA:ma A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. FTT:783 Geonames:T.HMCK SWEETRealm:Hummock hummock A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. Geonames:feature A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. lost river lost watercourse stream FTT:105 FTT:931 Geonames:H.STMSB TGN:21112 lost river ENVO ENVO:00000517 lost stream A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. Geonames:feature lost river Geonames:feature lost watercourse Geonames:feature lost watercourse Getty:TGN stream ADL:FTT lost river ADL:FTT lost river Geonames:feature The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. FTT:129 FTT:399 Geonames:H.DTCHM ENVO ENVO:00000518 ditch mouth The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. MA:ma A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. agricultural terrace A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:landslide FTT:1076 FTT:914 FTT:96 Geonames:T.SLID SWEETRealm:Landslide TGN:21507 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide landslip slide slide (natural) landslide physiographic feature ADL:FTT slide Geonames:feature slide Getty:TGN slide (natural) ADL:FTT An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope. EcoLexicon:rockfall FTT:1072 FTT:96 Geonames:T.RKFL TGN:21504 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall rockfall A tunnel through which a canal passes. tunnel FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:H.TNLC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_tunnel ENVO ENVO:00000522 canal tunnel A tunnel through which a canal passes. Geonames:feature tunnel ADL:FTT A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. FTT:462 Geonames:CUTF TGN:21134 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff cut off cutoff (hydrographic) cuttoff ENVO ENVO:00000523 cutoff A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. Geonames:feature cut off USGS:SDTS cutoff (hydrographic) ADL:FTT cuttoff Geonames:feature A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:H.STMQ TGN:21113 abandoned watercourse A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:feature A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. canal FTT:129 FTT:398 Geonames:H.STMC canalised stream ENVO ENVO:00000525 canalized stream A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:T.CFT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft cleft cliff cleft A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:feature cleft Geonames:feature A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. plain FTT:707 FTT:874 Geonames:T.INTF TGN:21450 interfluve A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. Geonames:feature plain ADL:FTT A linear elevation on an icecap. ridge FTT:155 FTT:844 Geonames:H.RDGG icecap reach ENVO ENVO:00000528 envoPolar ice cap ridge A linear elevation on an icecap. Geonames:feature ridge ADL:FTT icecap reach Geonames:feature A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. FTT:236 Geonames:T.RDGB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_ridge ENVO ENVO:00000529 beach ridge A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. Geonames:feature A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. EcoLexicon:apron FTT:122 Geonames:U.APNU TGN:23187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apron ENVO apron (geological) archipelago apron undersea apron ENVO:00000530 apron A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. Geonames:feature apron (geological) ADL:FTT archipelago apron USGS:SDTS undersea apron Getty:TGN A depression which is part of an ice cap. FTT:839 Geonames:H.DPRG TGN:21145 icecap depression icecap depression envoPolar ice cap depression icecap depression ADL:FTT icecap depression Geonames:feature lake FTT:881 Geonames:H.PNDNI intermittent salt pond intermittent saline evaporation pond lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond Geonames:feature A depression which contains objects and materials discarded by humans or their technologies. FTT:621 FTT:624 Deponie discarica garbage dump rubbish dump vertedero 垃圾掩埋場 disposal site envoPlastics landfill A depression which contains objects and materials discarded by humans or their technologies. MA:ma disposal site ADL:FTT churn hole evorsion kettle pot rock mill FTT:1071 eddy mill giant's kettle kolk stream kettle swirlhole A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse. riverine pothole A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse. A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. FTT:603 Geonames:S.WEIR TGN:51265 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weir ENVO ENVO:00000535 weir A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. MA:ma An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. moatan An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. Geonames:feature A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. FTT:289 Geonames:T.BLDR TGN:21501 boulder field A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. Geonames:feature An undersea area of subdued corrugations. FTT:167 Geonames:U.ARRU arrugado An undersea area of subdued corrugations. Geonames:feature The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. sill EcoLexicon:sill FTT:740 Geonames:H.SILL SWEETRealm:Sill TGN:21367 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill gap sill sill (physiographic) geographic sill The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. Geonames:feature gap ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature sill USGS:SDTS sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT A lake which is primarily composed of brackish water, having a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. brackish lake A pond which is composed primarily of brackish water. brackish pond An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. mount ridge EcoLexicon:kame https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS A depression which comprises a low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. EcoLexicon:swale trough The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. swale A depression which comprises a low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_%28geographical_feature%29 trough USGS:SDTS A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat lete ENVO ENVO:00000544 leat A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach pebble beach shingle beach A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. SedimentLayer lake sediment Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/328083/lake/59070/Sediments-and-sedimentation SedimentLayer NASA:earthrealm A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. FTT:828 Geonames:H.WTRH TGN:21184 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhole water hole ENVO water hole waterhole ENVO:00000547 waterhole A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. MA:ma water hole USGS:SDTS waterhole Geonames:feature A field which is composed primarily of gravel. Geonames:L.GVL TGN:21502 gravel field area gravel field gravel field area Geonames:feature A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. Despite the relocation from its position under 'water body' and the rewording of the definition, the class was not obsoleted as the entity being referenced is effectively the same. TGN:21198 intermittent body of water intermittent water body This was formerly represented as a water body, which would not be valid during dry periods. This class more properly refers to the container of the water body, thusfar always some depression, which periodically contains a water body. container of an intermittent water body A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. MA:ma intermittent body of water Getty:TGN A mountain range which is submerged under a marine water body. Geonames:U.CDAU TGN:23131 TGN:23145 TGN:23344 cordillera seamount chain seamount group seamount range undersea cordillera undersea mountain chain undersea range range of seamounts cordillera Geonames:feature seamount chain USGS:SDTS seamount group USGS:SDTS seamount range USGS:SDTS undersea cordillera Getty:TGN undersea mountain chain Getty:TGN undersea range Getty:TGN A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin ENVO closed basin terminal basin ENVO:00000551 endorheic basin A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talik Talik talik An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. MA:ma Talik NASA:earthrealm A dam constructed for more than one purpose. ENVO ENVO:00000553 multipurpose dam A dam constructed for more than one purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. ENVO ENVO:00000554 saddle dam An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. SWEETRealm:CheckDam ENVO ENVO:00000555 check dam A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_dam ENVO ENVO:00000556 wing dam A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_dam ENVO ENVO:00000557 dry dam A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversionary_dam ENVO ENVO:00000558 diversionary dam A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. ENVO ENVO:00000559 weapons test site A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. MA:ma A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. ENVO ENVO:00000560 nuclear weapons test site A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. MA:ma A region in which military personnel train. military training area A region in which military personnel train. MA:ma A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. park A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. EcoLexicon:pier pier A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site archeological site A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. The inclusion of "region" in this definition is problematic. sports facility A building or region where sports activities can be carried out. MA:ma A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000566 winter sports facility A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. MA:ma A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. calanque A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanque A habitat that is solely in the air. ENVO:00002005 ENVO ENVO:00000568 obsolete aerial habitat true A habitat that is solely in the air. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000321 ENVO ENVO:00000569 obsolete marine habitat true A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000322 ENVO ENVO:00000570 obsolete brackish water habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat in or on trees. ENVO ENVO:00000571 obsolete arboreal habitat true A habitat in or on trees. NM:nm A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. subterranean habitat underground habitat ENVO hypogeal habitat ENVO:00000572 obsolete subterrestrial habitat true A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. NM:nm Incorporated populated place. urban area EcoLexicon:city FTT:430 FTT:483 FTT:484 FTT:485 SWEETRealm:City TGN:83020 TGN:83040 TGN:83043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City ENVO:00000856 city Incorporated populated place. ADL:FTT urban area ADL:FTT An aquatic biome which is determined by a body of freshwater. SPIRE:Freshwater freshwater realm envoPolar freshwater biome An aquatic biome which is determined by a body of freshwater. MA:ma ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00000874 obsolete Tundra biome true ENVO:01000211 ENVO ENVO:00000875 obsolete Temperate coniferous forest biome true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000212 ENVO ENVO:00000876 obsolete Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00000877 obsolete Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO ENVO:00000878 obsolete Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub biome true ENVO:01000226 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00000879 obsolete Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:01000225 ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00000880 obsolete Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO ENVO:00000881 obsolete Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000194 ENVO:01000216 ENVO ENVO:00000882 obsolete Montane grasslands and shrubland biome true ENVO:01000179 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00000883 obsolete Deserts and xeric shrubland biome true ENVO:01000181 ENVO ENVO:00000884 obsolete Mangrove biome true ENVO:01000190 ENVO:01000195 ENVO ENVO:00000885 obsolete Flooded grasslands and savanna biome true A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. ENVO:01000303 ENVO ENVO:00000886 obsolete endolithic habitat true A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A freshwater river biome which is determined by a large river. wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large rivers" (e.g. the Mekong river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river biome A freshwater river biome which is determined by the headwaters of a large river. wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river headwaters" (e.g. the Upper Amazon headwaters) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-headwater-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river headwater biome A freshwater river biome which is determined by the delta of a large river. wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river deltas" (e.g. the Niger river delta) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-delta-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large river delta biome A freshwater river biome which is determined by a small river. wwfBiome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small rivers" (e.g. the Salween river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-river-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. small river biome A freshwater biome which is determined by a large lake. wwfBiome "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large lakes" (e.g. African rift lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-lake-ecosystems This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. large freshwater lake biome A freshwater lake biome which is determined by a small lake. wwfBiome "Small" is ambiguous. For details on "Small lakes" (e.g. Cameroon crater lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-lake-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. small freshwater lake biome A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. The WWF definition is somewhat ambiguous, but workable. wwfBiome xeric basin biome A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/xeric-basin-ecosystems ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00000894 obsolete polar biome true ENVO ENVO:00000895 Please refer to the terms in the neritic pelagic zone and neritic benthic zone branches (PLB: 2010-03-15) obsolete temperate shelf and sea biome true ENVO ENVO:00000896 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete temperate upwelling biome true ENVO ENVO:00000897 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete tropical upwelling biome true ENVO:01000049 ENVO ENVO:00000898 Please use terms in the marine coral reef branch of the Biome hierarchy (2010-03-15, PLB) to describe marine coral reefs. obsolete tropical coral biome true A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) The outflow of water from a mine. ENVO acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage ENVO:00001996 mine drainage The outflow of water from a mine. MA:ma acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage acid rock drainage acid mine drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. MA:ma acid rock drainage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water. body of marine water marine waterbody marine water body A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water ENVO ENVO:00002001 waste water Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater FOODON:00001002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food ENVO ENVO:00002002 The FAO has the following definition for "food": "Any substance, whether processed, semi-processed, or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of "food" but does not include cosmetics or tobacco or substances used only as drugs." (Nutrition Division/Meeting Programming and Documentation Service, FAO, 2013 (MI198) adopted from Codex Alimentarius Commission, Procedural Manual, Twentieth edition, 2011 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/ProcManuals/Manual_20e.pdf). ) obsolete food product true An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. EcoLexicon:drop SPIRE:Dung SWEETRealm:Drop faeces material feces material droppings frass pellet ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. This is distinct from classes such as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988 in that it refers to the environmental material composed primarily of feces rather than 'just' feces. fecal material An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. mesoscopic physical object This is a legacy class from ENVO's early versions. It will be depopulated and filled in by inference using a PATO quality. Not to be confused with "mesoscopic" as defined in physics, which deals with objects typically between 10e-6 and 10-8 meters in diameter. obsolete physical object of mesoscopic geological size true An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. MA:ma https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mesoscopic The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air envoPolar air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment envoPolar Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust envoPolar Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002009 obsolete terrestrial habitat true A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. NM:nm Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. EcoLexicon:fresh_water LTER:216 SWEETRealm:FreshWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water freshwater sweet water envoEmpo envoPolar The lower bound of solute concentration required for water to be considered freshwater is variable, but is always less than that of seawater, and often cited as less than 1 gram of solutes per 1 litre of water. fresh water Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, surpassing the average salinity of seawater. We make no commitment to a particular threshold; this should be described on the data/information layer according to the norms of a discipline, accepted standard, or similar reference. envoPolar The average salinity of sea water is assumed to be around 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. hypersaline water Rock formed from molten magma. EcoLexicon:igneous_rock SWEETRealm:IgneousRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock igneous rock Rock formed from molten magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. SWEETRealm:IntrusiveRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock ENVO intrusive rock ENVO:00002014 plutonic rock An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. EcoLexicon:volcanic_rock SWEETRealm:VolcanicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002015 Due to the general suggestion that volcanic rock simply comes from a volcanic process, it's not immediately clear whether this is interchangeable with igneous rock. volcanic rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). EcoLexicon:metamorphic_rock SWEETRealm:MetamorphicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002017 metamorphic rock A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, SWEETRealm:Sewage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage ENVO ENVO:00002018 sewage Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater Water which has a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. EcoLexicon:brackish_water LTER:702 SPIRE:Brackish_water SWEETRealm:BrackishWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water envoPolar brackish water A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002020 obsolete extreme habitat true A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. NM:nm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. ENVO:01000315 ENVO ENVO:00002021 obsolete acid habitat true A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. ENVO:01000316 ENVO ENVO:00002022 obsolete alkaline habitat true A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000304 ENVO ENVO:00002023 obsolete high pressure habitat true A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. ENVO:01000310 ENVO ENVO:00002024 obsolete haline habitat true A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000305 ENVO ENVO:00002025 obsolete high temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000309 ENVO ENVO:00002026 obsolete cold temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000318 ENVO ENVO:00002027 obsolete extreme high temperature habitat true A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. ENVO:01000314 ENVO ENVO:00002028 obsolete high osmolarity habitat true A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles ENVO:01000308 ENVO ENVO:00002029 obsolete extraterrestial habitat true A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. LTER:41 aquatic biome A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. ENVO ENVO:00002031 obsolete anthropogenic habitat true A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a living thing. ENVO:01001000 ENVO ENVO:00002032 obsolete organism-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living thing. NM:nm The dead body of an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcass corpse carcass The dead body of an animal. MA:ma A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. EcoLexicon:biofilm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm ENVO ENVO:00002034 biofilm A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. SWEETRealm:Meteorite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite meteorite A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. ENVO:01000739 EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat ENVO biotope ENVO:00002036 This class is under development and its definition will be revised and its subclasses may be made obsolete. A habitat's specificity to a species or population will differentiate it from other environment classes. obsolete habitat true A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. EnvO:EnvO A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000306 ENVO ENVO:00002037 obsolete freshwater habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO:00000446 WWF major habitat type ENVO ENVO:00002038 This grouping class is now obsolete. A subset for wwfBiome classes now gathers all WWF biome classes. obsolete WWF biome true The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. UBERON:0001474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone ENVO ENVO:00002039 obsolete bone true The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood EcoLexicon:groundwater LTER:235 SWEETRealm:Groundwater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water obsolete ground water true Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. surface water Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water EcoLexicon:wastewater_treatment_plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment_plant ENVO ENVO:00002043 wastewater treatment plant The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. EcoLexicon:sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge sludge The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment ENVO ENVO:00002045 envoPolar anaerobic sediment Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 EcoLexicon:active_sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002046 activated sludge An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. urine material An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. MA:ma URL:http://www.stjude.org/stjude/hospital/med_terms.jsp A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. SWEETRealm:Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite ENVO ENVO:00002048 chondrite A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002049 stony meteorite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite ENVO ENVO:00002050 achondrite A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. ENVO ENVO:00002051 stony-iron meteorite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite#Meteorite_types A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002052 iron meteorite A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. An interesting reasoning error was generated when this class had "composed primariy of some CHEBI:calcium carbonate". As that was a CHEBI:mineral, and minerals are disjoint from ENVO:rock, it led to an unsatisfiable class. The current axiom works around this, but this is requires some sort of geological convention to diffferentiate between masses of minerals and rocks that are composed primarily of minerals. EcoLexicon:limestone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone limestone A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone Limestone which is soft, white, and porous. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk chalk Limestone which is soft, white, and porous. MA:ma A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. EcoLexicon:sandstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone ENVO ENVO:00002055 sandstone A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002056 shale A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002057 raw primary sludge ENVO ENVO:00002058 secondary sludge A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosolids ENVO ENVO:00002059 biosolids A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002060 oil sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. SWEETRealm:OilSpill oil spill The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill OBSOLETE. ENVO:00002985 MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00002062 Deleted due to multiple occurence of the same term. obsolete oil true OBSOLETE. MA:ma The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_seep oil seep The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. MA:ma Mine drainage which is formed as a result of the mining of gold. gold mine drainage Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. EcoLexicon:marine_sediment EcoLexicon:marine_sedimentation SWEETRealm:MarineSediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment deep marine sediments ENVO pelagic sediment {alternative name} ENVO:00002113 envoPolar deep marine sediment Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of petroleum. petroleum enriched sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil Soil which has elevated concentrations of creosote. creosote contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002118 sea sand A alkaline spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. alkaline hot spring A alkaline spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma An acidic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. acid hot spring acidic hot spring An acidic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma A saline lake which has a high pH. The formation processes of these lakes would be an interesting project to develop. soda lake The pH of alkaline lakes is typically between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of carbonate salts, typically sodium carbonate (and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride and other dissolved salts, making them saline or hypersaline lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. alkaline salt lake The pH of alkaline lakes is typically between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of carbonate salts, typically sodium carbonate (and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride and other dissolved salts, making them saline or hypersaline lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. Mud which has elevated concentrations of arsenic. arsenic-rich mud A biomaterial containment unit which is capable of 1) containing a mass of environmental material which hosts an active collection of organisms and 2) maintaining conditions which are conducive to one or more metabolic activities of the organisms it contains. EcoLexicon:bioreactor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor bioreactor A bioreactor in which the contained material is not oxygenated (i.e. void of biologically consequential free oxygen) anaerobic bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. ENVO ENVO:00002125 anaerobic dechlorinating bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor A bioreactor in which the contained material is well-oxygenated. aerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002127 Revise adjacent to. Consider sampled stream sediment. Dry stream sediment. stream sediment A sulfur spring through which water at a temperature optimal for the growth of mesophillic microorganism (approximately 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) flows. mesophilic sulfur spring A sulfur spring through which water at a temperature optimal for the growth of mesophillic microorganism (approximately 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) flows. ENVO ENVO:00002129 anaerobic sludge The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. EcoLexicon:hypolimnion hypolimnion The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. EcoLexicon:epilimnion_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion epilimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion Especially used in connection with meromictic lakes. metalimnion A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion Mud which has no or neglible concentrations of dissolved oxygen. anoxic mud anaerobic mud ENVO ENVO:00002134 anaerobic stream sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treated_wood ENVO ENVO:00002135 treated wood ENVO ENVO:00002136 arsenate treated wood An estuary which is composed primarily of brackish water. brackish estuary ENVO ENVO:00002138 beach sand A piece of rock which is derived from clastic rock and has a grain size of 4 to 64 millimeters. EcoLexicon:pebble SWEETRealm:Pebble https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble The grain size classification is based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. pebble A piece of rock which is derived from clastic rock and has a grain size of 4 to 64 millimeters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble A piece of rock which has a grain size between 64 and 256 mm. EcoLexicon:cobble SWEETRealm:Cobble cobble A piece of rock which has a grain size between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002141 leachate The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002142 borax leachate A calcic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. calcic hot spring calcite hot spring A calcic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. A solid surface layer which 1) forms part of the boundary between the cavity of a cave and its solid container and 2) is roughtly perpendicular to the cave floor. cave wall Soil which has elevated concentrations of chromate. chromate contaminated soil Soil which has elevated concentrations of xylene. xylene contaminated soil Coal mine lake sediment is lake sediment which covers the bottom of a coal mine lake. coal mine lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002148 coarse beach sand Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water ocean water seawater This definition refers to water that is actually in a sea or ocean. This water may have a wide range of salinity levels. sea water Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast. coastal water coastal ocean water coastal oceanic water coastal seawater envoPolar The limits of what qualifies as "adjacent to" vary greatly. This should be defined on a data level and is left intentionally fuzzy here. The label is "coastal sea water" rather than "coastal water" as some large lakes are often said to have coasts. coastal sea water ENVO:00002149 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_water ENVO ENVO:00002151 obsolete ocean water true A bioreactor which captures and, through the biological processes maintained in the medium it contains, degrades pollutants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter biofilter A bioreactor which captures and, through the biological processes maintained in the medium it contains, degrades pollutants. A biofilter which contains compost and avails of the microbial communities within it to degrade pollutants. compost biofilter A biofilter which contains compost and avails of the microbial communities within it to degrade pollutants. ENVO ENVO:00002154 radioactive sediment high-level radioactive sediment A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Superfund site A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund_site ENVO ENVO:00002157 stromatolite mat ENVO ENVO:00002158 ditch water ENVO ENVO:00002159 drilling bore water Mud which is part of an estuary. estuarine mud FOODON:00001003 ENVO ENVO:00002161 obsolete fermented agave juice true FOODON:00001004 ENVO ENVO:00002162 obsolete fermenting sugar cane juice true FOODON:00001005 ENVO ENVO:00002163 obsolete fermenting Elaeis Palm sap true A solid environmental material which is formed by the replacement of organic substances (including those in soils and sediments) with mineral material. SWEETRealm:Fossil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil fossil material A solid environmental material which is formed by the replacement of organic substances (including those in soils and sediments) with mineral material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil FOODON:00001006 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat ENVO ENVO:00002165 obsolete meat food product true FOODON:00001007 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage ENVO ENVO:00002166 obsolete sausage true ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine Manure which has been derived from the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost compost Manure which has been derived from the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost ENVO ENVO:00002171 hay compost FOODON:00001008 ENVO ENVO:00002172 obsolete liver paste true A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital FOODON:00001009 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dog ENVO ENVO:00002174 obsolete hot dog true FOODON:00001010 ENVO prepared meat product ENVO:00002175 obsolete processed meat product true ENVO ENVO:00002176 contaminated sludge ENVO ENVO:00002177 1,4-dioxane contaminated sludge A zone within a portion of petroleum contaminated sediment within which iron-reducing processes occur. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron-reducing zone of petroleum contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002179 intertidal sediment Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of naphthalene. naphthalene enriched sediment A neutral spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. neutral hot spring A neutral spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of nitrobenzene. nitrobenzene enriched sediment A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. ENVO ENVO:00002183 Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class oil tank A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_terminal sub-surface landform underground physiographic feature A landform which is located under the surface of a landmass. subsurface landform A subsurface landform which contains fluid hydrocarbons in porous or fractured rock formations. oil and gas reservoir petroleum reservoir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reservoir oil reservoir EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water FOODON:00001011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_formula ENVO ENVO:00002187 obsolete milk formula true FOODON:00001012 ENVO ENVO:00002188 obsolete powdered milk formula true FOODON:00001013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese ENVO ENVO:00002189 obsolete cheese product true FOODON:00001014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt yoghourt yoghurt yougert ENVO ENVO:00002190 obsolete yogurt true Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. animal litter Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_%28disambiguation%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_litter ENVO ENVO:00002192 poultry litter ENVO ENVO:00002193 pulp-bleaching waste water ENVO ENVO:00002194 oil field production water Acid mine drainage which has elevated levels of pyritic acid. pyritic acid mine drainage An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002196 aquarium An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A saline water aquarium is an aquarium which contains saline water as its primary ecological medium. ENVO salt water aquarium ENVO:00002197 saline water aquarium A fresh water aquarium is an aquarium which contains fresh water as its primary ecological medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water_aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002198 fresh water aquarium A beach which is primarily composed of sand. sandy beach Water ice which has formed by the freezing of sea water. Parse comment from GCW and new subclases where appropriate. http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeaIce https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice envoPolar In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. sea ice In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of cis-dichloroethane. cis-dichloroethane contaminated sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment An anthropogenic geographic feature which has increased levels of contaminants in its consituent materials. anthropogenic contamination feature A dump which contains ammunition, or other material intended for use during combat, that still has the potential to explode. unexploded-ordnance dump coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material self-heating coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002207 self-heating coal mine waste material Saline lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a saline lake. soda lake sediment saline lake sediment An aerobic bioreactive which contains microbial communities capable of sulfide oxidation. aerobic sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor An anaerobic biorector which uses elevated temperatures and appropriate chemical substrates to support the production of methane by microbial communities. thermophilic anaerobic methanogenic reactor An anaerobic biorector which uses elevated temperatures and appropriate chemical substrates to support the production of methane by microbial communities. ENVO ENVO:00002212 thermophilic granular sludge An anaerobic bioreactor which is capable of treating wastewater through the action of methanogenic microbes which form a blanket of sludge due to the upward flow in the reactor. This can be unpacked with some hierarchies of different bioreactors. anaerobic sludge blanket reactor An anaerobic bioreactor which is capable of treating wastewater through the action of methanogenic microbes which form a blanket of sludge due to the upward flow in the reactor. A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy Currently, this is limited to the Viridiplantae. This may be changed. FOODON:00001015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable ENVO ENVO:00002216 obsolete plant food product true FOODON:00001016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage ENVO ENVO:00002217 obsolete cabbage product true FOODON:00001017 ENVO ENVO:00002218 obsolete commercial yogurt true FOODON:00001018 ENVO ENVO:00002219 obsolete cheese starter culture true ENVO ENVO:00002220 obsolete cheese spoilage true A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping retail shop retail store retailer shop A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade. ENVO ENVO:00002222 Whether food is the primary product offered by the business or simply one of the products it offers is not specified in this class. food shop Water which has very low concentrations of nutrients. oligotrophic water Water which has very low concentrations of nutrients. MA:ma Water with a high nutrient level. eutrophic water Water with a high nutrient level. MA:ma Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. ENVO ENVO:00002225 mesotrophic water Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. MA:ma A channel which is constructed by removing materials from land or submerged beds. SWEETRealm:Borehole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borehole borehole A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000307 salt water habitat ENVO ENVO:00002227 obsolete saline water habitat true A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO ENVO:00002228 pond water Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenosol psamment sandy soil arenosol Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf sandy soil ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. anthrosol Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. http://anzsoil.org/anzsoilml/ http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. ENVO ENVO:00002231 alisol Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. andosol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002233 albeluvisol Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrisol ENVO ENVO:00002234 acrisol Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. cambisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosol gelisol envoPolar cryosol Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem ENVO black earth boroll ENVO:00002237 chernozem Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durisol durisol Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. calcarosol calcisol Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. ENVO ENVO:00002240 kastanozem Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. gravelly soil stony soil leptosol Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixisol ENVO ENVO:00002242 lixisol Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosol histosol Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleysol ENVO gley soil ENVO:00002244 gleysol Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsisol ENVO ENVO:00002245 gypsisol Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferralsol oxisol ferralsol Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. nitisol Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. luvisol Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. ENVO ENVO:00002249 phaeozem Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. ENVO ENVO:00002250 plinthosol Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002251 planosol Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonchak ENVO ENVO:00002252 solonchak Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrisol umbrisol Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol ENVO ENVO:00002254 vertisol A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonetz ENVO ENVO:00002255 solonetz Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regosol ENVO ENVO:00002256 regosol Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzol podsol podosolic soil podzol Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. EcoLexicon:loam SWEETRealm:Loam Some authorities consider loam to be any soil material that contains 7 to 27% clay, 28 to 50% silt, and less than 52% sand. loam A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam Some authorities consider loam to be any soil material that contains 7 to 27% clay, 28 to 50% silt, and less than 52% sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Soil which is part of an ecosystem used for agricultural activities. agricultural soil Soil which is part of some dune. dune soil A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil Soil which is primarily composed of clay. clay soil A portion of soil which is found in a garden. garden soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities ENVO:01000371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_waste ENVO ENVO:00002265 obsolete agricultural waste true Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment chicken breeding waste ENVO chicken yard waste ENVO:00002266 chicken breeding waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. sphagnum bog A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. MA:ma A cline across which temperature changes rapidly. EcoLexicon:thermocline SWEETRealm:Thermocline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline thermocline A cline across which temperature changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline A cline across which the chemical composition of a fluid changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline envoPolar This cline is typically horizontal, with qualities varying with depth. chemocline A cline across which the chemical composition of a fluid changes rapidly. MA:ma A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant WWTP waste treatment plant Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvisols fluvisol Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. ENVO ENVO:00002274 stagnosol Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. ENVO ENVO:00002275 technosol Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with animal metabolism. animal waste SWEETRealm:AnimalWaste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_waste ENVO ENVO:00002276 animal waste material A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. basin EcoLexicon:basin SWEETRealm:BackArcBasin SWEETRealm:Basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-arc_basin backarc basin back-arc basin A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. webpage:http://www.venturedeepocean.org/vents/stretching.html OBSOLETE A material entity which determines an environmental system. A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. obsolete environmental feature true OBSOLETE A material entity which determines an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 NM:nm ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A structural basin that is below sea level. EcoLexicon:ocean_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin envoPolar This class is defined in its geological sense: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hydrologically, an oceanic basin may be anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater, but geologically ocean basins are large geologic basins that are below sea level. Geologically, there are other undersea geomorphological features such as the continental shelves, the deep ocean trenches, and the undersea mountain ranges (for example, the mid-Atlantic ridge) which are not considered to be part of the ocean basins; while hydrologically, oceanic basins include the flanking continental shelves and shallow, epeiric seas. ocean basin A structural basin that is below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay ENVO ENVO:00002869 hay Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). adobe A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe Soil which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil alluvial soil The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse sugarcane bagasse bagasse The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse This should probably be merged with biological waste material. organic waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_waste ENVO ENVO:00002873 organic waste material A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. A/C A/C unit air conditioner air conditioning unit A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. Soil which has elevated concentrations of oil. oil contaminated soil warm seep Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. An oil which 1) is liquid at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius) 2) is intended to be burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, 3) is obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue, 4) composed of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. furnace oil heavy oil marine fuel Oils having a flash point of approximately 42 degrees Celsius and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners are not typically considered fuel oils. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, i.e., heavier than gasoline and naphtha. fuel oil An oil which 1) is liquid at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius) 2) is intended to be burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, 3) is obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue, 4) composed of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil Oils having a flash point of approximately 42 degrees Celsius and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners are not typically considered fuel oils. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, i.e., heavier than gasoline and naphtha. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum crude oil petroleum A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum A nonpolar, hydrophobic, and lipophilic material which is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures (about 20 degrees Celsius) or slightly warmer. EcoLexicon:oil oil A nonpolar, hydrophobic, and lipophilic material which is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures (about 20 degrees Celsius) or slightly warmer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002986 obsolete Udvardy biome true ENVO:01000196 ENVO:01000215 ENVO:01000216 ENVO:01000221 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_sclerophyllous_forests,_scrub,_or_woodlands ENVO ENVO:00002987 obsolete Evergreen sclerophyllous forests, scrub, or woodlands true ENVO:01000193 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_grasslands ENVO ENVO:00002988 obsolete Temperate grasslands true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002989 obsolete Temperate broad-leaf forests or woodlands and subpolar deciduous thickets true ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00002990 obsolete Tropical dry or deciduous forests (including Monsoon forests) or woodlands true ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO:01000222 ENVO:01000226 ENVO ENVO:00002991 obsolete Subtropical and temperate rainforests or woodlands true ENVO:01000211 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002992 obsolete Temperate needle-leaf forests or woodlands true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00002993 obsolete Tropical humid forests true ENVO ENVO:00002994 obsolete Mixed island systems true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00002995 obsolete Tundra communities and barren Arctic deserts true ENVO ENVO:00002996 obsolete Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation true ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00002997 obsolete Cold-winter (continental) deserts and semideserts true ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00002998 obsolete Warm deserts and semideserts true ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002999 obsolete Bailey biome true ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00003000 obsolete Polar Domain (100) true ENVO ENVO:00003001 obsolete Humid Temperate Domain (200) true ENVO:01000179 ENVO ENVO:00003002 obsolete Dry Domain (300) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003003 obsolete Humid Tropical Domain (400) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003004 obsolete Tundra Divsion (120) true ENVO ENVO:00003005 obsolete Subarctic Division - Mountain Provinces (M130) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003006 obsolete Subarctic Division (130) true ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003007 obsolete Tundra Division - Mountain Provinces (M120) true ENVO ENVO:00003008 obsolete Hot Continental Division (220) true ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000201 ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000222 ENVO ENVO:00003009 obsolete Subtropical Division (230) true ENVO ENVO:00003010 obsolete Warm Continental Division (210) true ENVO ENVO:00003011 obsolete Warm Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M210) true ENVO ENVO:00003012 obsolete Subtropical Division - Mountain Provinces (M230) true ENVO ENVO:00003013 obsolete Hot Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M220) true ENVO ENVO:00003014 obsolete Marine Division (240) true ENVO ENVO:00003015 obsolete Marine Division - Mountain Provinces (M240) true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003016 obsolete Prairie Division (250) true ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO:01000224 ENVO:01000229 ENVO ENVO:00003017 obsolete Mediterranean Division (260) true ENVO ENVO:00003018 obsolete Mediterranean Division - Mountain Provinces (M260) true ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO ENVO:00003019 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Desert Division (320) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003020 obsolete Rainforest Division (420) true ENVO:01000182 ENVO ENVO:00003021 obsolete Temperate Desert Division (340) true ENVO ENVO:00003022 obsolete Temperate Desert Division - Mountain Provinces (M340) true ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003023 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division (330) true ENVO ENVO:00003024 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M330) true ENVO ENVO:00003025 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M310) true ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00003026 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division (310) true ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003027 obsolete Rainforest Division - Mountain Provinces (M420) true ENVO:01000178 ENVO ENVO:00003028 obsolete Savanna Division (410) true ENVO:01000223 ENVO ENVO:00003029 obsolete Savanna Division - Mountain Provinces (M410) true A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage ENVO ENVO:00003030 silage A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage Manure which is derived from the waste products of animals. This is interesting in that the "role" aspect of "waste" is (or can be) replaced by another role "fertilizer". Thus, the positioning of "manure" under waste may not be totally correct. animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003032 fresh animal manure A compost which generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together and is the residual compost waste generated by industrial mushroom production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_compost ENVO ENVO:00003033 mushroom compost FOODON:00001019 ENVO ENVO:00003037 obsolete wort true FOODON:00001020 ENVO ENVO:00003038 obsolete beer wort true FOODON:00001021 ENVO ENVO:00003039 obsolete acifified beer wort true A house used for sheltering non-human animals. While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house An animal house which is used to shelter cows. byre cattle shed cow barn cow house cowhouse cowshed milking shed cow shed An animal house which is used to house pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggery piggery A waste treatment plant which equipped to treat sewage such that its potential for environmental contamination is reduced. sewage treatment plant sewage treatment works sewage plant A waste treatment plant which equipped to treat sewage such that its potential for environmental contamination is reduced. Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). EcoLexicon:brine SWEETRealm:Brine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine envoPolar It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. brine Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine ENVO ENVO:00003045 bacon curing brine FOODON:00001022 Bresse Blue ENVO ENVO:00003046 obsolete Bleu de Bresse true FOODON:00001023 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter ENVO ENVO:00003047 obsolete butter true FOODON:00001024 ENVO ENVO:00003048 obsolete pickled cabbage true FOODON:00001025 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camembert ENVO ENVO:00003049 obsolete Camembert true FOODON:00001026 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003050 obsolete cane sugar true FOODON:00001027 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar ENVO ENVO:00003051 obsolete Cheddar cheese true FOODON:00001028 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie ENVO ENVO:00003052 obsolete Brie true FOODON:00001029 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouda ENVO ENVO:00003053 obsolete Gouda true FOODON:00001030 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloumi ENVO ENVO:00003054 obsolete halloumi true FOODON:00001031 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonzola ENVO ENVO:00003055 obsolete Gorgonzola true FOODON:00001032 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss ENVO ENVO:00003056 obsolete Swiss cheese true FOODON:00001033 ENVO ENVO:00003057 obsolete Emmenthal true FOODON:00001034 Harzerkaese ENVO ENVO:00003058 obsolete Harzer true FOODON:00001035 ENVO ENVO:00003059 obsolete New Zealand Cheddar true FOODON:00001036 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_l'Eveque ENVO ENVO:00003060 obsolete Pont l'Eveque true FOODON:00001037 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacherin_Mont_d'Or ENVO ENVO:00003061 obsolete Vacherin Mont d'Or true FOODON:00001038 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork ENVO ENVO:00003062 obsolete pork true FOODON:00001039 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cured_meat ENVO ENVO:00003063 obsolete cured meat true Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health. EcoLexicon:drinking_water SWEETRealm:DrinkingWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water potable water ENVO ENVO:00003064 drinking water https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water ENVO ENVO:00003065 distilled water FOODON:00001040 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken ENVO ENVO:00003066 obsolete chicken meat product true FOODON:00001041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef ENVO ENVO:00003067 obsolete beef true FOODON:00001042 ENVO ENVO:00003068 obsolete bovine milk true FOODON:00001043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_milk sheep milk ENVO ENVO:00003069 obsolete ovine milk true FOODON:00001044 ENVO ENVO:00003070 obsolete caprine milk true ENVO ENVO:00003071 grass silage FOODON:00001045 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream ice-cream ENVO ENVO:00003072 obsolete ice cream true FOODON:00001046 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood ENVO ENVO:00003073 obsolete seafood product true A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product ENVO ENVO:00003075 obsolete anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature true A function realised by an environmental material when used to bind material entities together. paste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue adhesive mucilage This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. glue A function realised by an environmental material when used to bind material entities together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 FOODON:00001047 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeotgal ENVO ENVO:00003077 obsolete jeotgal true FOODON:00001048 ENVO ENVO:00003078 obsolete Meshanger cheese true FOODON:00001049 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_chop ENVO ENVO:00003079 obsolete pork chop true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad ENVO ENVO:00003080 obsolete salad true Soil which has elevated concentrations of metals. metal contaminated soil A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil A portion of sarcosine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of sarcosine. ENVO ENVO:00003083 sarcosine enriched soil A portion of trimethylamine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of trimethylamine. ENVO ENVO:00003084 trimethylamine enriched soil A portion of skatole enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of skatole. ENVO ENVO:00003085 skatole enriched soil A portion of ethanol enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of ethanol. ethanol enriched soil A portion of acetamide enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of acetamide. ENVO ENVO:00003087 acetamide enriched soil A portion of pantothenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of pantothenate. ENVO ENVO:00003088 pantothenate enriched soil A portion of testosterone enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of testosterone. ENVO ENVO:00003089 testosterone enriched soil A portion of kynurenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of kynurenate. ENVO ENVO:00003090 kynurenate enriched soil A portion of threonine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of threonine. ENVO ENVO:00003091 threonine enriched soil A portion of salicylate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of salicylate. ENVO ENVO:00003092 salicylate enriched soil A portion of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil A portion of L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of L-(+)-tartrate. ENVO ENVO:00003094 L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil A portion of quinate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of quinate. ENVO ENVO:00003095 quinate enriched soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water ENVO ENVO:00003096 tap water ENVO ENVO:00003097 bore hole water A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery ENVO ENVO:00003323 tannery A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery FOODON:00001050 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempeh ENVO ENVO:00003779 obsolete tempeh true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_manure ENVO ENVO:00003859 horse manure Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces. pig manure An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy ENVO ENVO:00003862 'Terminology differs between countries. For example, in the United States, the entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy." The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or "parlor." The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's "milk house." Milk is then hauled (usually by truck) to a "dairy plant," also referred to as a "dairy", where raw milk is further processed and prepared for commercial sale of dairy products. In New Zealand, farm areas for milk harvesting are also called "milking parlours", and are historically known as "milking sheds."' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy dairy A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms. ENVO ENVO:00003863 The semantics of food are being handled by FOODON http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/foodon.owl food processing building A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery bakeshop A bakery is a food processing building and a 'food shop' at the same time. This needs to be resolved. bakery A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003869 straw An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003870 rice straw FOODON:00001051 ENVO ENVO:00003871 obsolete fermented rice beverage true FOODON:00001052 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasake ENVO ENVO:00003872 obsolete amasake true FOODON:00001053 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_dairy_product ENVO ENVO:00003873 obsolete fermented dairy product true FOODON:00001054 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_fish ENVO ENVO:00003874 obsolete fermented fish product true FOODON:00001055 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish ENVO ENVO:00003875 obsolete sea water fish product true FOODON:00001056 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour ENVO ENVO:00003876 obsolete flour true FOODON:00001057 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit ENVO ENVO:00003877 obsolete plant fruit food product true FOODON:00001058 ENVO ENVO:00003878 obsolete fruit extract product true FOODON:00001059 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice ENVO ENVO:00003879 obsolete apple juice true FOODON:00001060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awamori ENVO ENVO:00003880 obsolete awamori true FOODON:00001061 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon ENVO ENVO:00003881 obsolete bacon true FOODON:00001062 ENVO ENVO:00003882 obsolete fermented millet food product true FOODON:00001063 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet_beer ENVO bantu beer ENVO:00003883 obsolete millet beer true ENVO ENVO:00003884 farmyard manure A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing FOODON:00001064 ENVO ENVO:00003886 obsolete bottled beer true FOODON:00001065 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_cheese ENVO ENVO:00003887 obsolete blue cheese true FOODON:00001066 ENVO ENVO:00003888 obsolete bottled fruit product true FOODON:00001067 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003889 obsolete buttermilk true FOODON:00001068 ENVO ENVO:00003890 obsolete canned fruit product true FOODON:00001069 ENVO ENVO:00003891 obsolete fermented fruit product true A manufactured product which has been formulated to modifying the appearance of external human anatomical parts. cosmetic product A manufactured product which has been formulated to modifying the appearance of external human anatomical parts. A cosmetic product which has been formulated 2) to have a viscous, fatty, liquid consistency resembling the fat-rich component of milk and 2) to be applied to human facial skin to modify its appearance or functioning. face cream product A cosmetic product which has been formulated 2) to have a viscous, fatty, liquid consistency resembling the fat-rich component of milk and 2) to be applied to human facial skin to modify its appearance or functioning. A product which is composed primarily of paper. paper product A paper product which is used as legal tender in economic or other monetary trasactions. bank note currency note FOODON:00001070 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso ENVO ENVO:00003898 obsolete miso true FOODON:00001071 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must ENVO ENVO:00003899 obsolete must true ENVO ENVO:00003900 rye grass silage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_fuel ENVO jet fuel ENVO:00003903 aviation fuel FOODON:00001072 ENVO ENVO:00003904 obsolete yeast cake true FOODON:00001073 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003905 obsolete vinegar true FOODON:00001074 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003906 obsolete malt vinegar true FOODON:00001075 ENVO ENVO:00003907 obsolete nonfat dry milk true ENVO ENVO:00003908 poultry deep litter A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. ENVO ENVO:00003911 sake brewery A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake FOODON:00001076 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake ENVO ENVO:00003912 obsolete sake true FOODON:00001077 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pork ENVO ENVO:00003913 obsolete salt pork true Soil which has increased levels of chalk. chalk soil FOODON:00001078 ENVO ENVO:00003915 obsolete fermented soybean product true A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station ENVO ENVO:00003927 stable manure FOODON:00001079 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickle ENVO ENVO:00003928 obsolete pickled food product true FOODON:00001080 ENVO ENVO:00003929 obsolete tape kefan true A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum ENVO ENVO:00003930 scum A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. ENVO ENVO:00003964 tobacco warehouse A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco ENVO ENVO:00003965 anaerobic digester sludge FOODON:00001081 ENVO ENVO:00003966 obsolete Bondon cheese true A creamery is a part of a dairy where cream is separated from whole milk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creamery ENVO ENVO:00003967 creamery An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter FOODON:00001082 ENVO ENVO:00003969 obsolete bitter cheese true FOODON:00001083 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar ENVO ENVO:00003970 obsolete sugar true FOODON:00001084 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003971 obsolete brown sugar true FOODON:00001085 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk ENVO ENVO:00003972 obsolete evaporated milk product true FOODON:00001086 ENVO ENVO:00003973 obsolete kefir true FOODON:00001087 ENVO:0010145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil ENVO ENVO:00003975 obsolete vegetable oil true FOODON:00001088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseed_oil ENVO ENVO:00003976 obsolete linseed oil true FOODON:00001089 ENVO ENVO:00003977 obsolete maize flour true ENVO ENVO:00003978 potato silage FOODON:00001090 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_milk ENVO ENVO:00003979 obsolete sour milk true FOODON:00001091 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_milk ENVO ENVO:00003980 obsolete dried milk product true Limestone which is deposited from the water of mineral springs or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine travertine Limestone which is deposited from the water of mineral springs or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. sawmill A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje ENVO ENVO:00004683 karst field A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje An environmental material which has the quality of a foam. foamy environmental material An environmental material which has the quality of a foam. A foamy environmental material which 1) is created by the agitation of seawater, 2) whose stability depends on the content of the seawater. ENVO ENVO:00005739 The lifetime of sea foam can vary from only seconds to several hours or days. The longer-lasting foam are formed in particular when seawater contain higher concentration of dissolved organic matter that derived from sources such as algal blooms. sea foam A foamy environmental material which 1) is created by the agitation of seawater, 2) whose stability depends on the content of the seawater. The lifetime of sea foam can vary from only seconds to several hours or days. The longer-lasting foam are formed in particular when seawater contain higher concentration of dissolved organic matter that derived from sources such as algal blooms. Soil which is part of a paddy field. rice paddy soil paddy field soil Soil which is part of an alpine environment. envoPolar alpine soil Soil which is capable of supporting the growth of crops. envoMeo arable soil Soil which is capable of supporting the growth of crops. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. ENVO ENVO:00005743 roadside soil Soil which is part of an allotment garden. allotment garden soil A garden which is made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. allotment community garden Allotments gardens are so named as they are typically subdivisions (lots) of a larger piece of land. allotment garden A garden which is made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. A portion of soil which is found in a savanna. savanna soil Soil which is derived from compost. compost soil Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil Soil which is part of a densely forested area subject to tropical climate patterns. jungle soil Soil which is part of a sawah, a wet or irrigated rice field. sawah soil Soil which is part of a sawah, a wet or irrigated rice field. A portion of urea enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of urea. ENVO ENVO:00005753 urea enriched soil Soil which has been amended with fertilizers. fertilized soil Soil which is part of an agricultural field. field soil Soil which is formulated to promote the growth of grasses or other plants used to establish managed areas of vegetation. lawn soil Soil which is formulated to promote the growth of grasses or other plants used to establish managed areas of vegetation. A portion of bacteria enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated bacterial abundance. ENVO ENVO:00005757 bacteria enriched soil A portion of alluvial soil which is part of a swamp ecosystem. alluvial swamp soil Alluvial soil whichi is part of a paddy field. alluvial paddy field soil Soil which has been transformed through a combustion process. burnt soil burned soil Soil which is part of a meadow. meadow soil A portion of chloropicrin enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of chloropicrin. ENVO ENVO:00005762 chloropicrin enriched soil Soil which 1) has increased levels of humus, 2) has low pH levels, 3) has increased levels of mineral ash. humus-rich acidic ash soil Soil which is adjacent to a pond. pond soil Compost soil which is frozen. frozen compost soil Soil which has been amended with mineral additives to increase its pH. Common liming agents include calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime. Liming often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Liming can also improve aggregate stability on clay soils. For this purpose structure lime, products containing calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in mixes with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are often used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. limed soil Soil which has been amended with mineral additives to increase its pH. Common liming agents include calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime. Liming often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Liming can also improve aggregate stability on clay soils. For this purpose structure lime, products containing calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in mixes with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are often used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure. manured soil Soil which has properties to which plants in the Family Orchidaceae have adapted, including increased levels of aeration and drainage. orchid soil Soil which is part of a forest growing on a mountain. mountain forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Fagus. beech forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Fagus. Soil which is composed of a large proportion of mud, thus having properties resembling mud. muddy soil Soil in which trees from an orchard grow. orchard soil Soil which is found in a pasture and in which vegetation, such as the grass used for the grazing of ungulates, grows. pasture soil A histosol which is formed by the decomposition of vegetation or organic matter. turf EcoLexicon:peat SWEETRealm:Peat peat peat soil A histosol which is formed by the decomposition of vegetation or organic matter. peat Soil which has elevated concentrations of sodium chloride. salty soil salt contaminated soil Paddy field soil which has increased levels of peat. peaty paddy field soil A portion of soil which is found in a steppe. steppe soil Soil which is part of a tropical environment. tropical soil Garden soil which is part of a garden used for the cultivation of vegetables. vegetable garden soil A portion of soil which is found in a greenhouse. greenhouse soil Soil which is has been heated such that its chemical, physical, or biological properties are destabilised. heat stressed soil Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. ornithogenic soil Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-4-841 http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/20/science-word-of-the-day-ornithogenic/ Soil which is part of a woodland dominated by leafy trees. leafy wood soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Picea. spruce forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Picea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_soil Incorrect equivalence axiom. obsolete volcanic soil true Soil which is part of some elevated land. upland soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Eucalyptus. eucalyptus forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Eucalyptus. Soil which is part of a rubber plantation. rubber plantation soil Bluegrass field soil is a soil which is found in a field of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis). ENVO ENVO:00005789 bluegrass field soil Soil which has 1) low concentrations of nutrients and humus, 2) low water retention capacity, 3) textural variation from sand to clay, 4) a porous and friable structure, and 5) low concentrations of soluble salts. Red soil typically derives from crystalline rock in warm, temperate, moist climates under deciduous or mixed forest. It has thin organic and organic-mineral layers, a black brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. The majority of red soils have a loamy texture. Their chemical composition varies across regions, but often includes non-soluble material 90.47%, iron 3.61%, aluminium 2.92%, organic matter 1.01%, magnesium 0.70%, lime 0.56%, carbon dioxide 0.30%, potash 0.24%, soda 0.12%, phosphorus 0.09% and nitrogen 0.08%. On the uplands, they are thin, poor and gravelly, sandy, or stony and porous, light-colored soils on which food crops like bajra can be grown. In contrast, on the lower plains and valleys they are rich, deep, dark colored fertile loam on which, under irrigation, can produce excellent crops like cotton, wheat, pulses, tobacco, jowar, linseed, millet, potatoes and fruits. red soil Soil which has 1) low concentrations of nutrients and humus, 2) low water retention capacity, 3) textural variation from sand to clay, 4) a porous and friable structure, and 5) low concentrations of soluble salts. Red soil typically derives from crystalline rock in warm, temperate, moist climates under deciduous or mixed forest. It has thin organic and organic-mineral layers, a black brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. The majority of red soils have a loamy texture. Their chemical composition varies across regions, but often includes non-soluble material 90.47%, iron 3.61%, aluminium 2.92%, organic matter 1.01%, magnesium 0.70%, lime 0.56%, carbon dioxide 0.30%, potash 0.24%, soda 0.12%, phosphorus 0.09% and nitrogen 0.08%. On the uplands, they are thin, poor and gravelly, sandy, or stony and porous, light-colored soils on which food crops like bajra can be grown. In contrast, on the lower plains and valleys they are rich, deep, dark colored fertile loam on which, under irrigation, can produce excellent crops like cotton, wheat, pulses, tobacco, jowar, linseed, millet, potatoes and fruits. Sterile water is water which does not contain lliving organisms. sterile water Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust. SWEETRealm:UndergroundWater subterranean water envoPolar This class references any water that's under a planetary surface. For water that is in an aquifer, see "groundwater" (ENVO:01001004). Previously, this class included both. underground water ENVO ENVO:00005793 muddy water ENVO ENVO:00005794 water scum Mud which is part of a marine ecosystem. envoPolar marine mud ENVO ENVO:00005796 marine sludge Mud which constitutes the bed of a lake. lake bottom mud ENVO ENVO:00005798 acid dune sand ENVO ENVO:00005799 rocky sand Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. LTER:472 rhizosphere The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere_%28ecology%29 Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil ENVO ENVO:00005802 bulk soil Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. den nest This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases. animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. ant's nest ENVO ant hill ENVO:00005804 nest of ant A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_colony#Ant-hills A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000210 ENVO ENVO:00005806 obsolete Tropical and subtropical coniferous forest biome true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. metazoan-associated habitat ENVO ENVO:00006776 obsolete animal-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). ENVO ENVO:00009001 obsolete plant-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. ENVO ENVO:00009002 obsolete mammalia-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. ENVO ENVO:00009003 Used for armpits and other nasty places. obsolete human-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO ENVO:00009004 obsolete insecta-associated habitat true A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise envoPolar ice rise An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. envoPolar ice piedmont A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. ENVO ENVO:00009726 envoPolar strand crack Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html A volumetric density quality which inheres in soil by virtue of some influence exerted by the soil's mass on a given volume. 2021-10-07T02:58:33Z It is calculated as the dry weight of soil divided by its volume. soil bulk density A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite fomite A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden ENVO ENVO:00010442 midden A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol envoAtmo Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsion A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion A manufactured product which has been designed for use in one or more medical procedures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_instrument medical instrument A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium vivarium A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite ENVO ENVO:00010623 dolomite A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden botanic garden ENVO ENVO:00010624 botanical garden A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. zoo zoological park ENVO ENVO:00010625 zoological garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. ocean time series station A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. MA:ma An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. EcoLexicon:aquifer SWEETRealm:Aquifer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer envoPolar aquifer An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer A cave which is part of a karst formation. karst cave FOODON:00001092 ENVO ENVO:0010000 obsolete animal food product true Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma FOODON:00001093 ENVO ENVO:0010002 obsolete cereal food product true This class will be depopulated and eventually deprecated. Convenience class. This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. agricultural environmental material This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. ENVO ENVO:0010004 obsolete beverage product true A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage FOODON:00001094 alcoholic beverage ENVO ENVO:0010005 obsolete fermented beverage true FOODON:00001095 ENVO ENVO:0010006 obsolete fermented grape beverage true FOODON:00001096 ENVO ENVO:0010007 obsolete fermented Elaeis Palm beverage true FOODON:00001097 ENVO ENVO:0010008 obsolete fermented sugar cane beverage true FOODON:00001098 ENVO:00003892 fermented apple ENVO ENVO:0010009 obsolete fermented apple beverage true FOODON:00001099 ENVO ENVO:0010010 obsolete apple beverage true FOODON:00001100 ENVO ENVO:0010011 obsolete orange fruit beverage true FOODON:00001101 ENVO ENVO:0010012 obsolete grape beverage true FOODON:00001102 ENVO ENVO:0010013 obsolete fermented cereal beverage true FOODON:00001103 ENVO ENVO:0010014 obsolete fermented agave beverage true ENVO ENVO:0010015 obsolete fermented soya product true FOODON:00001104 ENVO ENVO:0010016 obsolete sea water fish egg product true FOODON:00001105 ENVO ENVO:0010017 obsolete avian egg product true FOODON:00001106 ENVO ENVO:0010018 obsolete camelid dairy product true FOODON:00001107 ENVO ENVO:0010019 obsolete bovine dairy product true FOODON:00001108 ENVO ENVO:0010020 obsolete buffalo dairy product true FOODON:00001109 ENVO ENVO:0010021 obsolete caprine dairy product true FOODON:00001110 ENVO ENVO:0010022 obsolete donkey dairy product true FOODON:00001111 ENVO ENVO:0010023 obsolete equine dairy product true FOODON:00001112 ENVO ENVO:0010024 obsolete ovine dairy product true FOODON:00001113 ENVO ENVO:0010025 obsolete yak dairy product true FOODON:00001114 ENVO ENVO:0010026 obsolete zebra dairy product true FOODON:00001115 ENVO ENVO:0010027 obsolete reindeer dairy product true FOODON:00001116 ENVO ENVO:0010028 obsolete water buffalo dairy product true FOODON:00001117 ENVO ENVO:0010029 obsolete horse dairy product true FOODON:00001118 ENVO ENVO:0010030 obsolete domestic cattle dairy product true FOODON:00001119 ENVO ENVO:0010031 obsolete cervid dairy product true FOODON:00001120 ENVO ENVO:0010032 obsolete camelid milk true FOODON:00001121 ENVO ENVO:0010033 obsolete equine milk true FOODON:00001122 ENVO ENVO:0010034 obsolete cervid milk true FOODON:00001123 ENVO ENVO:0010035 obsolete cow's milk true FOODON:00001124 ENVO ENVO:0010036 obsolete caprine cheese product true FOODON:00001125 ENVO ENVO:0010037 obsolete ovine cheese product true FOODON:00001126 ENVO ENVO:0010038 obsolete bovine cheese product true FOODON:00001127 ENVO ENVO:0010039 obsolete cow's milk cheese true FOODON:00001128 ENVO ENVO:0010040 obsolete Limburger true FOODON:00001129 ENVO ENVO:0010041 obsolete goat's milk cheese true FOODON:00001130 ENVO ENVO:0010042 obsolete sheep's milk cheese true FOODON:00001131 ENVO ENVO:0010043 obsolete poultry meat product true FOODON:00001132 ENVO ENVO:0010044 obsolete porcine meat product true FOODON:00001133 ENVO ENVO:0010045 obsolete condiment true FOODON:00001134 ENVO ENVO:0010046 obsolete bovine meat product true FOODON:00001135 ENVO ENVO:0010047 obsolete distilled fermented grain beverage true FOODON:00001136 ENVO ENVO:0010048 obsolete distilled fermented beverage true FOODON:00001137 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:45:50Z ENVO ENVO:0010049 obsolete soya food product true FOODON:00001138 ENVO ENVO:0010050 obsolete tea-based beverage true FOODON:00001139 ENVO ENVO:0010051 obsolete coffee-based beverage true FOODON:00001140 ENVO ENVO:0010052 obsolete fruit juice beverage true FOODON:00001141 ENVO ENVO:0010053 obsolete wheat product true FOODON:00001142 ENVO ENVO:0010054 obsolete maize product true FOODON:00001143 ENVO ENVO:0010055 obsolete fungal product true FOODON:00001144 ENVO ENVO:0010056 obsolete yeast product true FOODON:00001145 ENVO ENVO:0010057 obsolete microbial food product true FOODON:00001146 ENVO ENVO:0010058 obsolete solanaceous root product true FOODON:00001147 ENVO ENVO:0010059 obsolete plant root food product true FOODON:00001148 ENVO ENVO:0010060 obsolete potato product true FOODON:00001149 ENVO ENVO:0010061 obsolete confectionery product true FOODON:00001150 ENVO ENVO:0010062 obsolete cucurbit fruit product true FOODON:00001151 ENVO ENVO:0010063 obsolete citrus fruit product true FOODON:00001152 ENVO ENVO:0010064 obsolete melon fruit product true FOODON:00001153 ENVO ENVO:0010065 obsolete Cucumis melo fruit true FOODON:00001154 ENVO ENVO:0010066 obsolete Citrullus lanatus fruit true FOODON:00001155 ENVO ENVO:0010067 obsolete watermelon true FOODON:00001156 ENVO ENVO:0010068 obsolete citrus fruit beverage true FOODON:00001157 ENVO ENVO:0010069 obsolete pomaceous fruit beverage true FOODON:00001158 ENVO ENVO:0010070 obsolete pomaceous fruit product true FOODON:00001159 ENVO ENVO:0010071 obsolete fermented pomaceous fruit beverage true FOODON:00001160 ENVO ENVO:0010072 obsolete pomaceous fruit extract true FOODON:00001161 ENVO ENVO:0010073 obsolete citrus fruit extract true FOODON:00001162 ENVO ENVO:0010074 obsolete grape extract true FOODON:00001163 ENVO ENVO:0010075 obsolete solanaceous fruit product true FOODON:00001164 ENVO ENVO:0010076 obsolete tomato product true FOODON:00001165 ENVO ENVO:0010077 obsolete solanaceous food product true FOODON:00001166 ENVO ENVO:0010078 obsolete plant inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001167 ENVO ENVO:0010079 obsolete amaranthaceous food product true FOODON:00001168 ENVO pulse ENVO:0010080 Definitions and types from http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm. obsolete leguminous food product true FOODON:00001169 ENVO ENVO:0010081 obsolete cruciferous food product true FOODON:00001170 ENVO ENVO:0010082 obsolete grape fruit product true FOODON:00001171 ENVO ENVO:0010083 obsolete cruciferous inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001172 ENVO ENVO:0010084 obsolete nut food product true FOODON:00001173 ENVO ENVO:0010085 obsolete plant seed food product true FOODON:00001174 ENVO ENVO:0010086 obsolete plant lipid food product true FOODON:00001175 ENVO ENVO:0010087 obsolete plant stem food product true FOODON:00001176 ENVO ENVO:0010088 obsolete invertebrate food product true FOODON:00001177 ENVO ENVO:0010089 obsolete insect food product true FOODON:00001178 ENVO ENVO:0010090 obsolete honey product true FOODON:00001179 ENVO ENVO:0010091 obsolete amaranthaceous inflorescence food product true FOODON:00001180 ENVO ENVO:0010092 obsolete processed food product true FOODON:00001181 ENVO ENVO:0010093 obsolete cooked food product true FOODON:00001182 ENVO ENVO:0010094 obsolete pickled cruciferous food product true FOODON:00001183 ENVO ENVO:0010095 obsolete bread true FOODON:00001184 ENVO ENVO:0010096 obsolete algal food product true FOODON:00001185 ENVO ENVO:0010097 obsolete rice product true FOODON:00001186 ENVO ENVO:0010098 obsolete buckewheat product true FOODON:00001187 ENVO ENVO:0010099 obsolete sorghum product true FOODON:00001188 ENVO ENVO:0010100 obsolete milet product true FOODON:00001189 ENVO ENVO:0010101 obsolete oats product true FOODON:00001190 ENVO ENVO:0010102 obsolete rye product true FOODON:00001191 ENVO ENVO:0010103 obsolete barley product true FOODON:00001192 ENVO ENVO:0010104 obsolete quinoa product true FOODON:00001193 ENVO ENVO:0010105 obsolete fonio product true FOODON:00001194 ENVO ENVO:0010106 obsolete dry peas product true FOODON:00001195 ENVO ENVO:0010107 obsolete lentil product true FOODON:00001196 ENVO ENVO:0010108 obsolete pigeon pea product true FOODON:00001197 ENVO ENVO:0010109 obsolete bambara groundnut product true FOODON:00001198 ENVO ENVO:0010110 obsolete dry broad beans product true FOODON:00001199 ENVO ENVO:0010111 obsolete chickpea product true FOODON:00001200 ENVO ENVO:0010112 obsolete cowpea product true FOODON:00001201 ENVO ENVO:0010113 obsolete dry beans product true FOODON:00001202 ENVO ENVO:0010114 obsolete winged bean product true FOODON:00001203 ENVO ENVO:0010115 obsolete vetch seed product true FOODON:00001204 ENVO ENVO:0010116 obsolete yam bean product true FOODON:00001205 ENVO ENVO:0010117 obsolete velvet bean product true FOODON:00001206 ENVO ENVO:0010118 obsolete lupin seed product true FOODON:00001207 ENVO ENVO:0010119 obsolete jack bean product true FOODON:00001208 ENVO ENVO:0010120 obsolete hyacinth bean product true This has to be reconciled with "legume". Seems to be a subclass. FOODON:00001209 ENVO ENVO:0010121 According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' obsolete pulse true According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 FOODON:00001210 ENVO ENVO:0010122 obsolete wheat flour true FOODON:00001211 ENVO ENVO:0010123 obsolete pasta true FOODON:00001212 ENVO ENVO:0010124 obsolete pastry true FOODON:00001213 ENVO ENVO:0010125 obsolete baked food product true FOODON:00001214 ENVO ENVO:0010126 obsolete candy true FOODON:00001215 ENVO ENVO:0010127 obsolete cacao food product true FOODON:00001216 ENVO ENVO:0010128 obsolete cream true FOODON:00001217 ENVO ENVO:0010129 obsolete milk true FOODON:00001218 ENVO ENVO:0010130 obsolete bee food product true FOODON:00001219 ENVO ENVO:0010131 obsolete cooked smoked sausage true FOODON:00001220 ENVO ENVO:0010132 obsolete smoked sausage true FOODON:00001221 ENVO ENVO:0010133 obsolete fresh smoked sausage true FOODON:00001222 ENVO ENVO:0010134 obsolete fresh sausage true FOODON:00001223 ENVO ENVO:0010135 obsolete dry sausage true FOODON:00001224 ENVO ENVO:0010136 obsolete cooked sausage true FOODON:00001225 ENVO ENVO:0010137 obsolete smoked meat true FOODON:00001226 ENVO ENVO:0010138 obsolete fruit preserve true FOODON:00001227 ENVO ENVO:0010139 obsolete jam true FOODON:00001228 ENVO ENVO:0010140 obsolete rennet product true FOODON:00001229 ENVO ENVO:0010141 obsolete processed cheese product true FOODON:00001230 ENVO ENVO:0010142 obsolete mustard true FOODON:00001231 ENVO ENVO:0010143 obsolete creamy salad dressing true FOODON:00001232 ENVO ENVO:0010144 obsolete vinaigrette true FOODON:00001233 ENVO ENVO:0010146 obsolete nut oil true FOODON:00001234 ENVO ENVO:0010147 obsolete mayonnaise true FOODON:00001235 ENVO:00003916 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce ENVO ENVO:0010148 obsolete soy sauce true FOODON:00001236 ENVO ENVO:0010149 obsolete fresh sea water fish true FOODON:00001237 ENVO ENVO:0010150 obsolete natural rennet true FOODON:00001238 ENVO ENVO:0010151 obsolete microbial rennet true FOODON:00001239 ENVO ENVO:0010152 obsolete vegetable rennet true FOODON:00001240 ENVO ENVO:0010153 obsolete genetically engineered rennet true FOODON:00001241 ENVO ENVO:0010154 obsolete processed pork true FOODON:00001242 ENVO ENVO:0010155 obsolete spice product true FOODON:00001243 ENVO ENVO:0010156 obsolete animal lipid food product true FOODON:00001244 ENVO ENVO:0010157 obsolete coffee true FOODON:00001245 ENVO ENVO:0010158 obsolete tea true FOODON:00001246 ENVO ENVO:0010159 obsolete hot chocolate true FOODON:00001247 EcoLexicon:mating ENVO ENVO:0010160 obsolete mate true ENVO:01000155 ENVO ENVO:0010161 obsolete naturally occuring environmental material true A dry valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to stream formation and flow. dry stream valley A dry stream valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to river formation and flow. dry river valley FOODON:00001248 ENVO ENVO:0010164 obsolete fish food product true FOODON:00001249 ENVO ENVO:0010165 obsolete freshwater fish product true FOODON:00001250 ENVO ENVO:0010166 obsolete fish egg product true FOODON:00001251 ENVO ENVO:0010167 obsolete avian food product true FOODON:00001252 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:36:43Z ENVO ENVO:0010168 obsolete animal derived beverage true FOODON:00001253 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:10Z ENVO ENVO:0010169 obsolete plant derived beverage true FOODON:00001254 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:36Z ENVO ENVO:0010170 obsolete fermented plant derived beverage true FOODON:00001255 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:38:17Z ENVO ENVO:0010171 obsolete non-fermented plant derived beverage true Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. EcoLexicon:humus SWEETRealm:Humus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus humus Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. EcoLexicon:mud LTER:356 SWEETRealm:Mud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud mud An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud A well which provides access to groundwater held in an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_well water well A well which has been drilled in order to extract petroleum oil from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. oil well A well which has been drilled in order to extract petroleum oil from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z concentration basin mediterranean sea biome The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000006 coastal upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An organic object which is formed as a result of the biological processes mediated by microbial assemblages. microbial feature envoPolar A very generic class, intended to be populated by inference. Please avoid use in annotation, opting for a more descriptive term. organic object formed through microbial activity A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO ENVO:01000008 microbial mat A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO:01000159 organic material feature obsolete biotic mesoscopic physical object true ENVO ENVO:01000010 obsolete abiotic mesoscopic physical object true FOODON:00001256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product ENVO ENVO:01000011 obsolete dairy product true FOODON:00001257 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk ENVO ENVO:01000012 obsolete milk product true FOODON:00001258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_food ENVO ENVO:01000013 obsolete fermented food product true FOODON:00001259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine ENVO ENVO:01000014 obsolete wine true FOODON:00001260 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer ENVO ENVO:01000015 obsolete beer true Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html An environmental material which is composed primarily of pieces of gravel. EcoLexicon:gravel SWEETRealm:Gravel As with all size-based classifications, there is considerable variation in what is considered gravel. gravel An environmental material which is composed primarily of pieces of gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel A solid surface layer which 1) forms part of the boundary between the cavity of a cave and its solid container and 2) is the closest solid boundary to the gravitational centre of the astronomical body of which the cave is a part. surface layer with role "walking substrate" or similar. Indicate it is some sort of "bottom" cave floor Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ENVO:01000181 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000021 obsolete mangrove biome true Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000023 envoPolar marine pelagic biome The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Benthic envoPolar marine benthic biome The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z envoPolar marine neritic benthic zone biome The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine bathyal zone biome The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine abyssal zone biome The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine hadal zone biome The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine reef biome A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine hydrothermal vent biome The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ENVO:00001999 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:04:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000031 obsolete marine feature true A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000032 neritic pelagic zone biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000033 oceanic pelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000034 oceanic sea surface microlayer biome The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000035 oceanic epipelagic zone biome The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000036 oceanic mesopelagic zone biome The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000037 oceanic bathypelagic zone biome The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000038 oceanic abyssopelagic zone biome The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000039 oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000040 oceanic benthopelagic zone biome The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000041 neritic sea surface microlayer biome The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000042 neritic epipelagic zone biome The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z neritic mesopelagic zone biome The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z envoPolar Ambiguous term - please select a more precise term to describe what the feature of interest is. obsolete marine pelagic feature true OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z epicontinental sea biome epeiric sea biome The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea epicontinental sea biome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z mediterranean sea biome The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z envoPolar Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000049 marine coral reef biome The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000050 marine subtidal rocky reef biome The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000051 marine black smoker biome A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000052 marine white smoker biome A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000053 marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000054 marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt ENVO:00002149 ENVO:01000061 ENVO:01000295 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000055 obsolete marine bulk water true ENVO:01000301 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000056 obsolete estuarine bulk water true A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z EcoLexicon:red_tide red tide ENVO ENVO:01000057 envoPolar marine algal bloom A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom red tide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO kelp bed ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests and beds may extend many meters above the sea floor, thus should not be considered a type of "bed". kelp forest Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_Forest kelp bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z seagrass bed seagrass meadow "Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbor hundreds of associated species from all phyla, for example juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were originally considered to feed directly on seagrass leaves (partly because of their low nutritional content), but scientific reviews and improved working methods have shown that seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain, with hundreds of species feeding on seagrasses worldwide, including green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass 2016-01-18 sea grass bed A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ISBN:978-0-19-514172-6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. particulate matter envoAtmo envoPolar particulate environmental material The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z epipelagic mixed layer envoMarine envoPolar marine wind mixed layer The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine benthic storm Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. envoPolar planktonic material A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000064 marine downwelling A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine water mass which is characterized by having much lower than normal dissolved oxygen concentrations persistently. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000065 envoPolar Low oxygen rates are typically due to the rate of respiration being greater than the rate of oxygen resupply, and are not necessarily due to anthropogenic activity. marine oxygen minimum zone A marine water mass which is characterized by having much lower than normal dissolved oxygen concentrations persistently. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_minimum_zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:DeadZone dead zone envoPolar marine anoxic zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current envoPolar marine current A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine streamer Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z mesoscale marine eddy Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z EcoLexicon:terrigenous_sediment SWEETRealm:TerrigenousSediment ENVO ENVO:01000070 terrigenous sediment Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z oceanic front An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.015 ISBN10::0717259463 A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000072 marine Taylor column A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column A marine water mass which is composed primarily of water with low concentrations of nutrients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z On Earth, the nutrients which are of low concentration in these water masses are typically phosphate, nitrate. and organic matter. The result is low primary productivity in such regions. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. marine oligotrophic desert A marine water mass which is composed primarily of water with low concentrations of nutrients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:OceanGyre oceanic gyre A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre A thermocline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar Marine thermoclines are usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. marine thermocline A thermocline which is part of a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000076 envoPolar marine chemocline A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline A pycnocline which is part of a marine water body and composed primarily of sea water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar Marine pycnoclines are usually associated with rapid changes in water temperature and salinity. marine pycnocline A pycnocline which is part of a marine water body and composed primarily of sea water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer A nutricline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar marine nutricline A nutricline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar marine lysocline The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isothermal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isohaline surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000082 envoPolar biogenous sediment Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z envoPolar pelagic isopycnal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000084 estuarine front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000085 plume front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000086 coastal buoyancy current front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000087 tidal mixing front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000088 mid-shelf fronts ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000089 shelf-slope/shelf-break front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000090 coastal upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000091 topographic upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000092 equatorial upwelling front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000093 boundary current front A convergence front which is located in a region subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z subtropical convergence front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000095 marginal ice zone front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000096 water mass front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000097 surface convergence A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z deep ocean current A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z marine surface current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000100 along-front current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z warm surface current ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z cold surface current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:WesternBoundaryCurrent western boundary current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:EasternBoundaryCurrent eastern boundary current A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:27:00Z Ambiguous term, please consider using a more precise term which describes the feature of tinterest. obsolete marine benthic feature true OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine thermocline which separates the marine cold-water sphere from the marine warm-water sphere and which does not dissipate seasonally. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z envoPolar The permanent marine thermocline is typically found in temperate to tropical latitudes, permanent marine thermocline A marine thermocline which separates the marine cold-water sphere from the marine warm-water sphere and which does not dissipate seasonally. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine thermocline which is present below the marine wind mixed layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z envoPolar seasonal marine thermocline A marine thermocline which is present below the marine wind mixed layer. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:39:37Z envoPolar marine cold-water sphere The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:42:39Z ENVO ENVO:01000109 marine warm-water sphere The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z SWEETRealm:HydrogenousSediment hydrogenous sediment Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000111 cosmogenous sediment Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z manganese nodule ENVO ENVO:01000112 polymetallic nodule Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule manganese nodule https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:17:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000113 suspended sediment Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_load Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000114 boulder sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z cobble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000116 pebble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z granular sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000118 sandy sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z silty sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z clay sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z Note that by the particle-size-based definition used here, colloidal sediment need not actually be a colloid. If that is the case, please use "suspended colloidal sediment". colloidal sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T02:13:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000122 marine hydrothermal vent A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T04:43:05Z ENVO ENVO:01000123 marine sponge reef biome The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z supralittoral zone marine supralittoral zone ENVO splash zone spray zone supratidal zone ENVO:01000124 marine supra-littoral zone The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supralittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone splash zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone spray zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supratidal zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000125 marine littoral zone The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z sublittoral zone marine sublittoral zone marine sub-littoral zone The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A marine benthic biome which is determined by a cold seep. 2010-03-19T08:33:56Z The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. marine cold seep biome A marine benthic biome which is determined by a cold seep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z dilution basin mediterranean sea biome The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea A column of solid material which has been progressively deposited around a hydrothermal vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z marine hydrothermal vent chimney A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z marine hydrothermal plume A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:15:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000131 mesophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z thermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z hyperthermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:19:19Z hydrothermal fluid High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000135 envoPolar nitrate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A piece of rock which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. 2010-03-20T06:25:06Z dropstone Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. drop stone A piece of rock which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone dropstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:25:30Z organic matter fall An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z plant matter fall A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000139 animal carcass fall The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000140 whale fall Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:44Z ENVO ENVO:01000141 seal fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:27:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000142 wood fall A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A reef which is located in a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:43:45Z marine reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef flat zone ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef back reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef crest ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef fore reef ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef buttress zone ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef deep fore reef A rocky reef which is located in the subtidal zone of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:55:18Z marine subtidal rocky reef Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000151 envoPolar manganese-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000152 envoPolar iron-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z envoPolar sulphate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000154 envoPolar carbon dioxide-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000156 biofilm material Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000157 envoPolar microbial mat material Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z EcoLexicon:marine_snow envoPolar marine snow Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_snow A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:00:40Z obsolete organic feature true A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:14:38Z envoPolar marine pockmark Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:18:54Z marine sponge reef A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:21:27Z LTER:395 ENVO ENVO:01000162 organ A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z EcoLexicon:photophore ENVO ENVO:01000163 photophore A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophore Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000164 root nodule Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000165 trophosome A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_tube_worm A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000166 mycetome A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasioderma_serricorne Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000167 determinate root nodule Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000168 indeterminate root nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000169 indeterminate root nodule active meristem A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000170 indeterminate root nodule infection zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000171 indeterminate root nodule nitrogen fixation zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000172 indeterminate root nodule senescent zone A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule Water which lacks dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z anaerobic water reducing water anoxic water Water which lacks dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest forest biome A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome A grassland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland grassland biome A woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland savanna biome A desert ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune wwfBiome desert biome A tundra ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Tundra envoPolar wwfBiome tundra biome A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:322 wwfBiome Preliminary definition. Depending on whether mangrove trees or shrubs are present, this class could be a child of shrubland biome or woodland biome. Consider creating the appropriate classes. mangrove biome A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate desert biome A temperate desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. WWW:http://www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/colorimagemap/images/340.html A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical desert biome A tropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical desert biome A subtropical desert biome is a desert biome which has communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate A montane desert biome is a desert biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. montane desert biome A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z envoPolar Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. polar desert biome A polar desert biome is a desert biome which is subject to low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert A savanna biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical savanna biome A savanna biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical savanna biome A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate savanna biome A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z swamp marsh wwfBiome flooded savanna biome A flooded savanna biome is a savanna biome which has very wet to saturated soil moisture content. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas A subtropical grassland in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome subtropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate grassland biome A montane grassland biome is a grassland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane grassland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z wwfBiome flooded grassland biome A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000196 Preliminary definition. coniferous forest biome A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z broadleaf forest biome A mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z wwfBiome mixed forest biome A mediterranean forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z wwfBiome mediterranean forest biome A tropical broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z tropical broadleaf forest biome A subtropical broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z subtropical broadleaf forest biome A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z wwfBiome temperate broadleaf forest biome An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z envoPolar A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z These regions are under the constant influence of the subtropical ridge. mediterranean A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics A subtropical woodland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean woodland biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical coniferous forest biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical coniferous forest biome A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z wwfBiome temperate mixed forest biome A shrubland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical shrubland biome A shrubland biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical shrubland biome A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean shrubland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000218 wwfBiome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. xeric shrubland biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ A woodland biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical woodland biome A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate woodland biome A woodland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical woodland biome A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z Preliminary definition. montane savanna biome A subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-19T11:42:48Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean grassland biome A subtropical dry broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z wwfBiome subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome A subtropical moist broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z wwfBiome subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome A tropical dry broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z wwfBiome tropical dry broadleaf forest biome A tropical moist broadleaf forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z SPIRE:Rainforest rainforest biome wwfBiome tropical moist broadleaf forest biome A savanna biome which is subject to mediterranean climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:20:42Z wwfBiome mediterranean savanna biome An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity envoPolar arid Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. PLB 2013-05-05T16:52:47Z EcoLexicon:lava SWEETRealm:Lava Some use 'lava' to refer to rock that is formed when lava cools. This is not the intended meaning of this class. See 'igneous rock' or similar. lava Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z silicic lava ENVO ENVO:01000232 felsic lava Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava silicic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z andesitic lava ENVO ENVO:01000233 intermediate lava Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_composition andesitic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z basaltic lava Mafic lava generally erupts at temperatures in excess of 950 degrees Celsius. The high temperature and low polymerisation in mafic lava favors low viscosity and chemical diffusion, promoting the formation of large, well-formed phenocrysts. mafic lava Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava basaltic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight. 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z Ultramafic lava generally erupts at temperatures of 1600 degrees Celsius. Due to its high temperature and composition, the viscosity of ultramafic lava is very low. ultramafic lava Lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. PLB 2013-05-05T17:07:15Z EcoLexicon:basalt SWEETRealm:Basalt basalt Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-06T09:47:07Z coastal chaparral coastal scrubland A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral_ecoregion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub coastal chaparral https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_chaparral_and_woodlands A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid envoPolar On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. 2013-06-04T22:33:52Z oak woodland An oak woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. 2013-06-06T14:39:17Z conifer woodland A conifer woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees, from the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T14:44:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000241 juniper woodland A juniper woodland is a woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. PLB 2013-06-06T15:10:50Z EcoLexicon:boulder SWEETRealm:Boulder boulder A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T15:22:52Z ENVO ENVO:01000244 pinyon juniper woodland A pinyon juniper woodland is a conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyon_pine A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z SPIRE:Urban ENVO ENVO:01000249 urban biome An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga wwfBiome subpolar coniferous forest biome A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic envoPolar Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate A biome which is determined by a freshwater lake. 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z freshwater lake biome A freshwater biome which is determined by a freshwater river. 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z freshwater river biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:23:32Z mineral ore deposit ore deposit Note that the definition of the term mineral is debatable; however, a mineral generally must be naturally occuring, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula (unlike rocks, which may include a wide variety of components), are usually formed by geophysical processes (i.e. are abiogenic), and have an ordered atomic arrangement. mineral deposit A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 ore deposit URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T19:57:22Z ENVO ENVO:01000257 white smoker A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent A fluid front which is 1) thin in comparison to the fluid mass it is a part of and 2) across which a property of that fluid mass varies greatly over short vertical distance, relative to variation across the entire fluid mass. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:10:13Z cline envoPolar A similar term exists in linguistics and mathematics. An ecocline, or biological cline, is a related concept; however, may be better placed as a child of a class like "ecotone". Further, some definitions of "layer" require a layer's constiuent materials to have consistent properties, thus "cline" would not qualify as a subclass. The term "gradient" has been proposed as a more suitable superclass. Discussion in Issue #286) fluid cline A fluid front which is 1) thin in comparison to the fluid mass it is a part of and 2) across which a property of that fluid mass varies greatly over short vertical distance, relative to variation across the entire fluid mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(hydrology) A cline across which the density of a fluid changes rapidly. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z stable density gradient pycnocline A cline across which the density of a fluid changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline stable density gradient https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline A nutricline which is part of a water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z nutrient gradient nutricline within a water body A nutricline which is part of a water body. CMECS:1345 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer A cline within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z obsolete lysocline true A cline within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:13:21Z seep A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology) MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:16:39Z hydrocarbon seep methane seep cold seep MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. 2013-10-10T07:55:56Z vapor ENVO ENVO:01000264 Obsoleted. Not really a material. Use PATO's "quality of a gas" on a material to express vapour forms. obsolete vapour true A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:19:00Z hot seep hydrothermal seep A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.0205 Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 envoPolar atmospheric water vapour Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000269 siltstone A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltstone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000270 claystone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claystone Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000271 clastic sedimentary rock Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#Clastic_sedimentary_rocks A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000272 There is debate on the usage of mudstone and mudrock, and some ambiguity is to be expected. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. mudstone A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrock#Nomenclature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z calcilutite cementstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. lime mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite cementstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z slate Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T16:30:32Z structural basin A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_basin A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z envoPolar Unlike biomes, ecoregions are geographically defined entities. ENVO's sister project, GAZ, contains terms for instances of ecoregions (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra). Requests for new terms should be directed to GAZ. ENVO will only contain this top-level class. The class' definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes Ice which is formed from water. 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice envoPolar Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:15:55Z pingo scar A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:20:34Z ice lenses envoPolar ice lens An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Lens ice lenses Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z envoPolar ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z envoPolar layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. A solid layer which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock or soil. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:49:04Z stratum sedimentary stratum A solid layer which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock or soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 envoPolar Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z amictic lake A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amictic_lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO non-meromictic lake ENVO:01000285 holomictic lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic non-meromictic lake DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000286 dimictic lake A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimictic_lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000287 polymictic lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000288 monomictic lake A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:23:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000289 cold monomictic lake A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:26:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000290 warm monomictic lake A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:31:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000291 cold polymictic lake A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:32:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000292 warm polymictic lake A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A mass of water ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar ice mass A deep fissure in rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T00:42:47Z ENVO crevice ENVO:01000294 crevice A deep fissure in rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture crevice USGS:SDTS A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoMarine envoPolar marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A lake bed which is dry. That is, the bed of a dry lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:12:53Z Deliberately disjoint with "lake bed", which must be covered with water. dry lake bed A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:56:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000297 Preliminary definition. freshwater river A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A slope which is part of the seafloor, descends from the continental crust to the oceanic crust, and comprises the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-18T00:04:57Z EcoLexicon:continental_margin SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin envoPolar On Earth, continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. continental margin A slope which is part of the seafloor, descends from the continental crust to the oceanic crust, and comprises the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. 2013-10-19T11:11:28Z This is an interesting class. It's not really a column in the sense of a water column, nor is it a current, exactly. It may also occur in any fluid, gaseous or liquid. Taylor column A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:12:43Z ENVO vortex street ENVO:01000300 atmospheric Taylor column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column vortex street https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kármán_vortex_street Brackish water which is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:30:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000301 estuarine water Brackish water which is part of an estuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2014-04-24T13:12:49Z This is kept as a general class. One can specify subclasses by identifying the protruding material (e.g. rock outcroup, mineral outcrop, etc ) and the material(s) the protrusion emerges from. Possible logical definition: A portion of ENVO:environmental material which has_quality PATO:"protruding out of" a ENVO:surface layer of an ENVO:environmental material. outcrop An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area. high pressure environment A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater. Water (non-saline) fresh water environment envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar freshwater environment Water (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which is located beyond the Earth's exosphere and away from the Earth's core. This would need an instance of planet (i.e. Earth) to be fully expressed. Note that this is not necessarily outer space, as it can include planetary environments that are not of Earth. extraterrestrial environment An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. envoPolar The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment A haline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of salt, typically above 2 molar. haline environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT LTER:17 SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden cultivated environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO culturing environment A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment An alkaline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high pH, typically greater than a pH of 9. alkaline environment An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment An extreme high temperature environment is a high temperature environment in which entities are exposed to temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius. The lower threshold, 80 degrees Celsius, is derived from the definition of the obsolete class "extreme high temperature habitat" which this class replaces. extreme high temperature environment A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. envoPolar marine environment A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body. NM:nm An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment envoPolar sea water environment An environment determined by the presence of brackish water. envoPolar This may refer to environments submerged in brackish water or those that are determined by its presence, such as a brackish water pond environment. brackish water environment The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer envoPolar atmospheric boundary layer A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. envoPolar This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. Logical def is incomplete. Need to express the idea of maximum chlorophyll. This could follow a pattern like: X has_maximum_levels_of Y relative_to Z, i.e. DCM has_maximum_levels_of chlorophyll relative_to subsurface_aquatic_layer May also be useful to include has_decreased_levels_of light intensity relative_to surface aquatic layer Further discussion in Issue #126. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 DCM subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer envoPolar The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. deep chlorophyll maximum layer A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum A strand swamp is a swamp that forms linear drainage channels on flatlands. strand swamp A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp A cypress dome swamp is a dome swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress dome swamp Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress dome A cypress strand swamp is a strand swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress strand Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress strand swamp A cypress swamp is a swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress swamp A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. gravelly slope A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. brae hillside A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. scree slope talus slope An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story undergrowth understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 ground layer Refers to the ground layer of a forest or woodland where leaf litter or other plant matter accumulates litter layer A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions. envoPolar This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:26 envoPolar Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude immediately below the tree line of an elevation. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Requested in Issue 33 of our tracker. The lower boundry of this condition's range, that is, the lower altitudinal limit of an elevation that is considuered subalpine, is not clear in this definition. subalpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 LTER:350 envoPolar The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having extremely limited vegetation cover, silica-enriched soils, and ground cover dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar nival An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having extremely limited vegetation cover, silica-enriched soils, and ground cover dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation An upper montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This definition is somewhat odd in that it doesn't clearly define a lower boundary. upper montane A lower montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately above mid-altitude forests. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This definition does not define an upper boundary. lower montane A montane conifer woodland is a conifer woodland which is located within an altitude range that falls between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Requested in Issue 56. montane conifer woodland A field used for the cultivation of corn or related crop plants. Requested in Issue 112 as part of the curation of metagenome submissions in the European Nucleotide Archive. maize field An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter Autoclaved sand is sand that has been sterlised by exposure to high pressure saturated steam at at least 121 degrees Celsius. Requested in Issue 116 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. autoclaved sand A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. ENVO:01000069 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 obsolete marine mesoscale eddy true A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 marine mesoscale eddy field A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar ice cap climatic condition An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. Requested in issue 45. Some relations to PATO and SWEET classes suggested. granite A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite A portion of alkaline water is a portion of water with a pH greater than 7. Here, we commit to a threshold of pH as this is almost universally accepted. alkaline water A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water A cave formed in limestone, usually by dissolution of limestone by acidic groundwater. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. limestone cave A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. solutional cave A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. primary cave A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. inflationary cave A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. erosional cave A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. glacier cave A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An ice cave is a bedrock cave which contains year-round ice formations. ice cave A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. talus cave A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. anchialine cave An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. anchialine pond anchialine pool An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchialine_pool A cave which is within a vadose zone. vadose cave A cave which is within a vadose zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordloch An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. envoPolar tundra climatic condition An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. agricultural waste As with other wastes, this is more a role than a material in itself. This should be revised. agricultural waste material Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=77 Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with domestic entities. household waste household waste material Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1261 Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being composed primarily of some organic or biological matter. biological waste biological waste material Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3097 A dry woodland is a woodland which occurs in areas of rain shadow in a tropical marine climate, receives very little rainfall, typically has rapidly draining soils and trees which have adaptations to dry climates such as thick bark, small leaves, and the disposition to shed their leaves. xerophytic ecosystem dry woodland A dry woodland is a woodland which occurs in areas of rain shadow in a tropical marine climate, receives very little rainfall, typically has rapidly draining soils and trees which have adaptations to dry climates such as thick bark, small leaves, and the disposition to shed their leaves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tropical marine condition A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 semi-evergreen forest mesophytic ecosystem tropical marine semi-evergreen forest A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate mesophytic ecosystem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. humid subtropical A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 desert climate semi-desert climate semi-arid climate Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. arid subtropical An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-arid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This is an interesting overlap of a latitudinal and altitudinal condition. Some link between this condition and the altitudinal conditions should be considered. This condition corresponds to the Cfb and Cwb categories of Köppen climate classification. highland subtropical A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This condition is typically present on the western coasts of large continental landmasses. oceanic temperate An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 continental temperate A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius envoPolar This variant of the desert climate is somewhat rare outside of Asia. A cold desert climate is typically found in temperate zones, almost always in the rain shadow of high mountains which restrict precipitation from the westerly winds, or in the case of Central Asia, from the monsoon. The Gobi desert in Mongolia is a classic example of a region with a cold desert climate. Though hot in summer, it shares the very cold winters of the rest of Central Asia. The Kyzyl Kum and Taklamakan deserts of Central Asia and the drier portions of the Great Basin Desert of the western United States are other major examples of BWk climates. The Ladakh region, lying in the Great Himalayas in India also has a cold desert climate. cold desert A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_climate#Cold_desert_climates An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns with high rainfall, is located in a lowland area, and is dominated by plants which retain their leaves throughout the year. rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf rain forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A semi-deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical semi-evergreen moist broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 A montane forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter upper montane climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical upper montane forest A montane forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter lower montane climatic patterns. tropical lower montane forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical freshwater swamp forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical sclerophyllous dry forest A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest A needleleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical needleleaf forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical thorn forest A mixed needleleaf forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed needleleaf forest A tropical mixed broadleaf forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed broadleaf forest tropical mangrove forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. The relationship between this "forest" class and the mangrove swamp must be clarified. tropical mangrove OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. This term has been replaced by "synthetic plastic" as part of a more coherent set of classes as part of the SDG14.1.1 project (see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/projects/17) obsolete manufactured plastic true OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. PM10 respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. envoPolar snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow An aquatic environment which is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. The adjacency of water has many consequences including the generation of microclimates and impacts on the biology. This class is intended to capture littoral zones that are associated with marine, freshwater, and any other aquatic environments. Note that there is no single definition of the extent of the "littoral zone", associated with any water body. Here, we use definitions that will be more familiar to marine biologists rather than military organisations, although the latter can be added on request. This class will likely be superceded by a CMECs compliant class. littoral zone An aquatic environment which is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area envoPolar Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. fringing wetland The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. freshwater littoral zone A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. URL:http://www.epa.gov/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. foreshore intertidal zone mediolittoral zone midlittoral zone marine eulittoral zone The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone foreshore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone mediolittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone midlittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. infralittoral zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by sessile animals such as oysters. This zone usually begins at a depth greater than the infralittoral zone. circalittoral zone A whole plant which is relatively old old plant A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. PM2.5 fine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. Regulations do not exist for this size class of ambient air pollution particles, which are far smaller than the regulated PM10 and PM2.5 particle classes and are believed to have several more aggressive health implications than those classes of larger particulates. ultrafine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house A garden that is associated with a human house. This association is generally one of spatial proximity or parthood. domestic garden A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Not a sublcass of room as this may just be part of some room. indoor kitchen An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen A bathroom is a room which contains a washbasin or other fixture, such as a shower or bath, used for bathing by humans. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 bathing room toilet washroom bathroom A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 living-room The logical definitions must state which social and leisure activities are included here. Jet-skiing and mass rallies are probably not the range. living room A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_room A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. patio A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 restroom toilet indoor lavatory lavatory toilet room bathroom restroom indoor toilet An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room A portion of carbon nanotube enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of carbon nanotubes. Logical definition will be created pending import of "carbon nanotube" from CHEBI carbon nanotube enriched soil A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. rocky intertidal shore This label is usually used to refer to 'rocky intertidal shores', i.e. a marine environment. Other types of rocky shore should be requested explicitly. Additionally, "rocky" could be a quality, this would link this with rocky deserts etc. area of rocky shore A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_shore A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion Should be better defined logically aggregating 'hole' or 'tunnel' with some sort of relation to 'habitation' etc. burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrow A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? mixed forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. montane forest Particulate environmental material in which small portions of solid material are surrounded by water. This class should be populated by inference, relying on 'composed primarily of', many 'pieces of solid material' and 'surrounded by' some 'water'. waterborne particulate matter A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. lava area lava bed lava plain lava field A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava plain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. environmental_hazards lava flow A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of andesitic lava. andesitic volcano A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of andesitic lava. A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of dacitic lava. dacitic volcano Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite, and ranges from 57 to 63 percent silicon dioxide as illustrated in TAS diagrams. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present in minor amounts. andesite Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesite Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. dacite Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dacite An accumulation of a salt, typically sodium chloride. salt mass Lava which is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. Rapid solidification of this lava forms dacite. dacitic lava Lava which is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. An ecosystem which has been subject to a perturbation, that is, the ecosystem has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. envoPolar This is often used by plant collectors when early successional species are observed in an area. disturbed ecosystem An ecosystem which has been subject to a perturbation, that is, the ecosystem has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disturbance_(ecology) A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. ravine A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ravine An environmental zone of varying area which is adjacent to a road. roadside A grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. mixed grassland mixed grassland A grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0810 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_and_Southern_mixed_grasslands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_mixed_grasslands A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. wet meadow ecosystem A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. namakier salt fountain salt glacier A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. Adapted from URL:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=86861 Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar This could also be considered a part of an environmental material like air. atmospheric carbon dioxide A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class and its subclasses are experimental and are being developed with NCEAS use cases in mind. environmental disposition The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store carbon. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon pooling disposition The disposition of an environment to sequester carbon dioxide, subsequently storing the carbon component thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon dioxide pooling disposition The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store some material entity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 material pooling disposition A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asphaltic concrete road pavement asphalt concrete Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. asphaltum bitumen crude bitumen pitch tar This class refers to naturally-occuring asphalt or bitumen. asphalt Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 refined bitumen refined asphalt Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 hydraulic cement Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 non-hydraulic cement Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. defensive wall This is not the same as a wall that is part of a building. use ENVO:01000420 for the latter. boundary wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall#Boundary_wall A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 barrier constructed barrier A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_barrier A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fence A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. Some sort of logical definition towards: composed_primarily_of some ((straw or 'water reed' or rushes or sedge or heather) and has_quality dry) should be considered, where "rushes", "sedge", etc are represented as materials rather than some sort of taxon. thatch Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatching A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 render stucco plaster Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plaster of Paris gypsum plaster Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement render cement stucco cement plaster Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 lime render lime stucco slaked lime plaster lime plaster Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to all forms of glass. For the familiar form present in window panes and drinking glasses, consider silica-based glass. glass Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass Silica-based glass is a glass composed primarily of silicon dioxide, the primary constituent of sand. glass Silica-based glasses are the most common manufactured variety of glass. silica-based glass Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass soda-lime-silica glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. soda-lime glass Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plate glass sheet glass Most flat glass is soda-lime glass produced by the float glass process. It is more water soluble than container glass. flat glass Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Container glass is less water soluble than flat glass. container glass Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fused quartz fused silica This is "pure" silica glass. As an ENVO:"environmental material" this class assumes that there remains some possibility that 'contaminants' being present. quartz glass Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz A building floor is a surface layer which is part of a building and used for walking. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 To be more precise, a subfloor and a floor covering may be specified. Please request these classes and propose definitions if they are needed. building floor A brick building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of brick material or is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick floor brick building floor A wooden building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wooden floor wooden parquet floor wooden building floor A concrete building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of concrete ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete floor cement building floor cement floor At times, this is called a cement floor, although that is probably not accurate. concrete building floor A sandy building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of sand. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sand floor sandy floor sandy building floor A glass building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of glass. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass floor glass building floor A dung building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of dried animal feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dung floor dung building floor A stone building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 rock floor stone floor stone building floor A thatched exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of thatch. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch wall thatched wall thatch exterior wall thatched exterior wall A stone exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 stone wall stone exterior wall A straw exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of straw. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 straw wall straw exterior wall A mud exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of mud. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud wall mud exterior wall A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This was created in response to a user request, but it is an odd class in that it specifies a shape rather than a particular material entity. It may, therefore, be deprecated when more meaningful or sensible alternatives become apparent. pole A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole A pole-reinforced mud exterior wall is a mud exterior wall which is supported and reinforced by poles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud and poles wall mud and poles exterior wall pole-reinforced mud exterior wall A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall A burnt brick is a brick which has been dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt brick An unburnt brick is a brick which has been air dried rather than dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 unburnt brick A burnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from burnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt-brick wall burnt brick exterior wall burnt-brick exterior wall An unburnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from unburnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall unburnt brick exterior wall unburnt-brick exterior wall A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. salt dome A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_dome A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal salt material A sheet-iron exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron wall sheet-iron wall iron sheet wall sheet-iron exterior wall A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof A thatched building roof is a building roof that is built by thatching (or out of thatch). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch roof thatched roof thatched building roof A wooden building roof is a building roof that is built from wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wood roof wooden roof wooden building roof An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. Note that some pit latrines can use pour-flush mechanisms. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A diapir is a type of geologic intrusion in which a more mobile and ductily deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks due to its higher buoyancy. Unclear whether this should be a subclass of intrusion, as diapirism can actually cause fracturing. diapir A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to human latrines. latrine A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This could be moved to "surface layer" like other floors, although more thought has to be given to "floor": a role of a surface layer? "The hole in the slab should not be larger than 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) to prevent children falling in." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine latrine slab A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. The form of erosion should be further specified. batholith A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batholith A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A latrine pit is typically at least 3 metres (10 feet) deep and 1 metre (3.2 feet) across. latrine pit A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine with slab floor A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 earth closet latrine covering latrine shelter dunny privy "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." outhouse An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse An intrusion which is primarily composed of rock which has been formed within a pre-existing fracture in a larger mass of rock. While some intrusions are still located in the fracture where they formed, others may be (partially) exposed by erosional processes. rock intrusion A rock intrusion which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock. Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. sedimentary intrusion A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet flush toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dry toilet Subclasses will probably be filled in by inference. dry toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 chemical toilet "In the past, disinfection was generally carried out by mixing formaldehyde, bleach or similar chemicals with the toilet water when flushed...[F]ormaldehyde is very irritating to the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and throat, it is being replaced by other proprietary blends such as glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds, with non-staining dyes and nature-identical perfume oils. Additionally, enzyme hybrids are sometimes used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet chemical toilet fixture A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ventilated pit latrine VIP latrine ventilated improved pit latrine A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered latrine A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine with slab floor A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet pour flush toilet fixture bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet pour-flush toilet fixture A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet bog dunny head pour-flush pit latrine A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/632 The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. ozone shield ozone layer "The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is only about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically"- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone shield https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5993 A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering envoPolar This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ionosphere ionosphere The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionosphere GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4492 The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exosphere The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glaze glaze glaze ice glaze ice layer A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze_ice glaze ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/12091 A lake which has nutrient-rich water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 eutrophic lake mass of biological material A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. composting toilet A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet A fuel oil which is 1) composed primarily of alkanes having between 5-15 carbon atoms with the general formula CnH2n+2, 2) is generally odorless or has only a slight odor, 3) produces only small amounts of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is highly refined. paraffin liquid paraffin paraffin oil A fuel oil which is 1) composed primarily of alkanes having between 5-15 carbon atoms with the general formula CnH2n+2, 2) is generally odorless or has only a slight odor, 3) produces only small amounts of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is highly refined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-paraffin-and-kerosene/ Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. natural gas Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. LP gas LPG liquid petroleum gas liquified natural gas liquefied petroleum gas Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules. envoPolar hydrocarbon gas Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. compressed natural gas Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. This is distinct from natural gas which is a fossil fuel product. biogas Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. LNG liquified natural gas liquefied natural gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas envoPolar liquefied hydrocarbon gas Compressed biogas is biogas stored at increased pressures. This is distinct from compressed natural gas, which refers to the compressed form of a fossil fuel. compressed biogas Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. charcoal Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. kerosene lamp paraffin lamp A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. flat wick lamp flat-wick lamp A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. Argand lamp central draught lamp tubular round wick lamp central-draught lamp A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. mantle lamp A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. lantern A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. lamp A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. barn lantern hurricane lantern kerosene lantern paraffin lantern A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. tubular paraffin lantern A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. glass globe lantern dead flame paraffin lantern A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. hot-blast paraffin lantern A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. cold-blast paraffin lantern A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern An electric lamp is a lamp which produces light from electricity. electric lamp A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. battery-powered electric lamp A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component) A candle is a lamp composed of a wax within which an ignitable wick is embedded. candle A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. wax A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. apiary An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiary A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. radio radio receiver radio transmitter radio device A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. cassette deck cassette recorder cassette player A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Cassette A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. television TV telly tube television set A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_set A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. phone telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. cell phone cellular phone hand phone mobile phone A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. landline telephone A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room fridge refrigerator A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. table A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. The intentional nature of this definition is problematic, but the restricted range of activities visited upon a desk is of interest. desk A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) A chair is a piece of furniture with a raised surface commonly used to seat a single person. This class, along with benches, stools, and the like, can be grouped under "seating furniture" or similar. However, this is probably better as an inferred class using some sort of BFO:function in the subclass annotation. chair A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). The assumption is that furniture is manufactured, which is arguable. Further, according to Black's Law Dictionary (http://thelawdictionary.org/furniture/) many classes can be subclasses of 'piece of furntiure': "This term includes that which furnishes, or with which anything is furnished or supplied; whatever must be supplied to a house, a room, or the like, to make it habitable, convenient, or agreeable; goods, vessels, utensils, and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping; whatever is added to the interior of a house or apartment, for use or convenience. Bell v. Holding, 27 Ind. 173.The term “furniture” embraces everything about the house that has been usually enjoyed there, including plate, linen, china, and pictures. 1 Endicott v. Endicott, 41N. J. Eq. 96, 3 Atl. 157.The word “furniture” made use of in the disposition of the law. or in the conventions or acts of persons, comprehends only such furniture as is intended for use and ornament of apartments, but not libraries which happen to be there, nor plate. Civ.Code La. art. 477." However, this would eventually be absurd and limit other groupings. Perhaps some sort of 'furnishing' BFO:function would be a better way to handle this. piece of furniture A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. couch settee sofa A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couch A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. bench A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. mattress A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. bedstead bed frame A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_frame A bed base is a piece of furniture which supports a mattress. bed foundation bed base A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. framed bed A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. cabinet A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinetry A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt closet cupboard A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupboard A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. timepiece clock A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock A pressure lamp is a portable paraffin or oil lamp in which fuel is forced up into the mantle or burner by air pressure in the reservoir, which can be increased by pumping with a plunger. This may be a paraffin or an oil lamp. It can potentially be filled by inference if we can express that any lamp with pressurised fuel in the lamp reservoir is a pressure lamp. See Issue #228. pressure lamp A spring through which fresh water flows. freshwater spring river water Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. rainwater Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. lorry truck A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck A water truck is a truck which transports water. water truck A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. car A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. NB: "[A cart]...is different from a dray or wagon, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and typically two or more horses, or a carriage, which is used exclusively for transporting humans...Over time, the term "cart" has come to mean nearly any small conveyance, from shopping carts to golf carts, without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart cart A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. animal-drawn cart An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart A boat is a watercraft of any size which is able to float or plane on water. Difficult to distinguish from "ships". Similar to mountains and hills. " In naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Another less restrictive definition is a vessel that can be lifted out of the water. Some definitions do not make a distinction in size, as bulk freighters 1,000 feet (300 m) long on the Great Lakes are called oreboats. For reasons of naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as 'boats' rather than 'ships', regardless of their size and shape." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat boat A motor boat is a boat which is propelled by a motor. motorised boat motorized boat motor boat A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. bus A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. cab taxi Depth can be added with specifications of BFO:role for both the car and the human operator. taxicab A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. Ships, boats, hovercraft and submarines are all considered watercraft. The term would normally imply some propulsive capability (whether by sail, oar or engine) and hence is distinct from a simple device that merely floats, such as a log raft. - Wikipedia watercraft A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercraft A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. bike cycle bicycle A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. bike cycle moto motorbike motorcycle A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. scooter motor scooter motorscooter A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle) A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. This class refers to strictly sealed enclosures such as Biosphere 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2), rather than vivaria which allow matter exchange with external environmental systems. closed ecological system A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_ecological_system A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. mesocosm A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocosm A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. microcosm A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosm Vaporisation of an element or compound is process whereby that element or compound undergoes a phase transition from the liquid to vapor. vaporization Note that a vapor describes an element or compound in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point, vaporisation Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. boiling Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation envoAtmo envoPolar "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. cage manufactured cage A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. drylot A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drylot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market feedlot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feedlot Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. duff leaf litter litterfall soil litter tree litter plant litter Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. envoPolar Definition vebatim from GEMET. Will need to be refined. Further, distinction between "climate change" and (one or many) "climate change process" will need to be discussed. Fluctuations are not processes, per se. climate change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/1471 Acidification of an aquatic environment is a process whereby the pH of an aquatic environment, biome, or water body is lowered. acidification of an aquatic environment Ocean acidification is a process during which the pH of a sea or ocean is lowered. LTER:962 envoPolar On Earth, the major cause of ocean acidification is the update of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ocean acidification LTER:962 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=962&/ocean-acidification A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. chonolith A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonolith A process which consists of all aerobic respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 envoPolar ecosystem-wide aerobic respiration A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. environmental_hazards volcanic eruption A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. liquid planetary surface A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space envoAstro outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. core "Not to be confused with planetary core in the core accretion theory, referring to a central accretionary body surrounded by a halo of dust and gas which serves to trap debris and increase the rate of accretion.." WIkipedia:Planetary_core. This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's core would be an instance. The "layer" aspect of cores may be problematic. planetary core A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_core Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. outer planetary core Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. inner planetary core A liquid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid planetary core A solid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of solid material. solid planetary core A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. envoPolar asthenosphere An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. magma Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). EcoLexicon:trench SWEETRealm:Trench trench A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench A channel of a watercourse which contains a stream. stream channel An ocean strait is a strait which connects two oceans. envoPolar ocean strait A stream channel which contains a river. river channel A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. slum A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. URL:http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=711 URL:http://www.communitascoalition.org/pdf/Communitas_SDSN_Indicators.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum Definition linked to a UN Habitat report entitled "What are slums and why do they exist?" as well as sources from the MDGs and Communitas. An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. FTT:1022 FTT:611 Geonames:U.DEPU SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 ENVO deep foredeep swale undersea trough An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 deep ADL:FTT deep Geonames:feature deep USGS:SDTS foredeep USGS:SDTS swale USGS:SDTS An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. environmental_hazards explosive eruption An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. environmental_hazards effusive eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effusive_eruption A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. igneous intrusion process A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. "Intrusion" can refer to the solidified mass or the molten rock. igneous intrusion An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. tephra Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephra Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. tuff Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuff Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. cinder Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. scoria Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoria Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. pumice Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumice A cone that is composed of consolidated volcanic ash. tuff cone A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. open water NLCD:11 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of open water generally have less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of open water An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault environmental_hazards active geological fault A vein is a geological fracture which is filled with minerals precipitated out of an aqueous solution. vein A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. dyke dike A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(geology) A joint is a geological fracture which has no measureable shear displacement joint geological joint A geological fracture across which shear displacement has occurred Sounds like this should be populated by inference. shear fracture A microfracture is a small fracture which is found in a portion of solid material along which further fracturing tends to occur. Microfractures are considered imperfections which to pre-exist any fractures formed by the application of stress to a material. Griffith crack microfracture A fiat part of an atmosphere which is defined as a vertical, three-dimensional pillar extending from a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere. envoPolar Once defined, an atmospheric column can be used to quantify an atmospheric parameter such as pressure, ozone or precipitable water. atmospheric column A fiat part of an atmosphere which is defined as a vertical, three-dimensional pillar extending from a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere. https://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/glossary/atmospheric-column-2/ Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. quake temblor tremor environmental_hazards Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. environmental_hazards tectonic earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. environmental_hazards megathrust earthquake A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. environmental_hazards polluted lake A mineral material composed primarily of sodium chloride. This class is for material primarily composed of sodium chloride. For other pure chemical salts, consider a CHEBI class. Request new ENVO terms for environmental samples of other chemical salts. salt envoPolar sodium chloride salt A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. abrasion scouring glacial scouring envoPolar glacial abrasion A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. quarrying glacial quarrying envoPolar glacial plucking Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. ice thrusting envoPolar glacial ice thrusting Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A mass of water. water mass A mass of marine water. envoPolar marine water mass A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Usually reserved for large lakes. lake coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Adapted from USGS:SDTS A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave environmental_hazards tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. mass movement slope movement environmental_hazards envoPolar Of interest for future development: Some causes of mass wasting earthquakes, increased overburden from structures, increased soil moisture, reduction of roots holding the soil to bedrock, undercutting of the slope by excavation or erosion, weathering by frost heave, bioturbation, volcanic edifice over-steepening. Some processes that reduce mass wasting: Afforestation, Reforestation, Terracing steps on slopes (reduce angle of slope). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting. mass wasting Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A mass wasting flow during which snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. snowslide snowslip environmental_hazards envoPolar avalanche A mass wasting flow during which snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4668 landslip environmental_hazards landslide process A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting environmental_hazards rockfall A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence environmental_hazards geological subsidence A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence environmental_hazards mudslide A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. flow environmental_hazards envoPolar mass wasting flow A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. mud flow environmental_hazards "Mudflows are often called mudslides, a term applied indiscriminately by the mass media to a variety of mass wasting events. Mudflows often start as slides, becoming flows as water is entrained along the flow path; such events are often called flow slides." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow mudflow A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow A mass wasting flow during which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down the slopes of elevations, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. environmental_hazards debris flow A mass wasting flow during which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down the slopes of elevations, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. environmental_hazards lahar A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahar A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. sturzstrom A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturtzstrom Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. volcanic ash Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. environmental_hazards ash fall process An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation Hydrological evaporation is the evaporation of water, generally as part of a planetary water cycle. hydrological evaporation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. soil degradation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. FAO:http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar "Soil Erosion is a common term that is often confused with soil degradation as a whole, but in fact refers only to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients. This is indeed the most visible effect of soil degradation, but does not cover all of its aspects. Soil erosion is a natural process in mountainous areas, but is often made much worse by poor management practices." http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ soil erosion Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. environmental_hazards coastal flooding Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_flood Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. A disposition class such as 'flooding disposition' may be interesting, especially when attached to things like meanders and bends. environmental_hazards riverine flooding Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Riverine Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. environmental_hazards Flash floods generally last no more than six hours. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mrx/hydro/flooddef.php flash flooding Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. environmental_hazards flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3298 A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. environmental_hazards coastal flood A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Estuarine_and_coastal A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel. environmental_hazards riverine flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. environmental_hazards flash flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Needs links to weather when these phenomena are added. environmental_hazards storm surge A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. Ambiguity as to whether this label refers to the process or the material entities (the waves). The material entities are a type of severe storm surge. rissaga environmental_hazards meteotsunami A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteotsunami rissaga Language: Catalan A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Should be linked to the relevant weather classes when these are created. environmental_hazards storm surge process A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. environmental_hazards areal flooding Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Areal Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. Relevant to built environments and can be linked to urban flows. Also relevant to water and sanitation SDGs. environmental_hazards urban flooding Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Urban_flooding Snowmelt is a hydrological melting process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. envoPolar snowmelt Snowmelt is a hydrological melting process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmelt A melting process during which water-based ice, snow, or other solid phase water transitions into a liquid phase. envoPolar Here, we've nexted melting within thawing as one approach to resolve the semantics of thawing of ice-free materials. Expert group revision is requried. hydrological melting process Icemelt is a hydrological melthing process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. ice melt envoPolar icemelt Icemelt is a hydrological melthing process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. meltwater Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater Melting is a material transformation process which results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. could replace with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000177 melting process fusion envoPolar Note that melting need not be due to warming, thus the classes are separated. melting Melting is a material transformation process which results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. chemical precipitation process Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry) Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) Sublimation is a process during which a portion of some solid undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some gas. sublimation process Sublimation is a process during which a portion of some solid undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition) A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. tectonic uplift process A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift A material transport process during which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. envoAtmo This process usually refers to large-scale air motion, rather than local winds. atmospheric subsidence A material transport process during which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. environmental_hazards lava flow process A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. igneous extrusion A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusive A dike formed when sediment fills a pre-existing fracture in a mass of rock. clastic dyke clastic dike A stock is a discordant igneous intrusion having a surface exposure of less than 100 square kilometres. Stocks differ from batholiths only in being smaller. Some assertion to indicate that stocks are smaller than batholiths should be made. stock A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. laccolith A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccolith A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. lopolith A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopolith A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. phacolith A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacolith A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. concordant intrusive sheet sill A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_(geology) A process whereby the precursors of rock, such as magma or sedimentary particles, fill a fracture in a mass of rock. rock-precursor intrusion process An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. habitat An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EnvO:EnvO An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar nlcd2011 This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial water ice An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A process during which materials deemed as waste are separated and converted into a form which can be used as input by the same processes which generated them. Recycling-Prozess proceso de reciclaje processo di riciclo 資源回收 envoPlastics This has been created for SDGIO. Revision is likely, but the general meaning should be stable. The frame of reference for determining what is 'waste' and what is a 'resource' is unclear. recycling process A process during which materials deemed as waste are separated and converted into a form which can be used as input by the same processes which generated them. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2260 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas. carbon emission process envoPolar Requested for SDGIO. Likely to be revised. carbon-bearing gas emission process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar nlcd2011 This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar perennial ice/snow NLCD:12 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, these areas are characterised by ice and/or snow cover generally greater than 25% of total cover. The definition of perennial needs clarification. area of perennial ice or snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A solid layer which is composed primarily of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. The various parts of the regolith are highly variable. Perhaps some sort of "unconsolidated" quality should be used here with "environmental material" to cover this scope. Note that organisms, their parts, or their derivatives are also included. Regolith typically includes dust, soil, broken rock, and similar materials, but can be highly variable. regolith A solid layer which is composed primarily of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This is an Earth-centred class, but can be generalised to include other planetary bodies. envoPolar On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. continental crust A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. envoPolar oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. This is and Earth-centred definition, but can likely be applied to other differentiated planetary bodies. Moho Mohorovičić discontinuity Mohorovicic discontinuity The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87_discontinuity A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. bedrock A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. Draft class. In discussion in Issue #278. ENVO:09200001 obsolete air temperature true A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. URL:https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/278 A hollow tower of ice formed by the freezing of steam escaping a fumarole. ice chimney ice tower envoPolar fumarole-derived ice tower A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. envoAtmo Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001261 According to the FAO definition, vegetables grown principally for animal feed or seed should be separated from those grown for human consumption. They both, however, fall under the label "vegetable". obsolete vegetable true This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001262 obsolete fruit true This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. The definition, too, requires greater refinement. FOODON:00001263 obsolete nut true FOODON:00001264 obsolete legume true A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. cloud mass envoAtmo On Earth clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere when air cools or gains water vapor. Please use the "water-based cloud" class and its subclasses for Earth's clouds. Note that this class describes clouds as countable objects, rather than 'cloud material'. It also refers only to clouds made up of a water-based material. cloud A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/introduction-and-principles-of-cloud-classification.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. This class should be linked to ozone layer depletion processes. nacreous cloud PSC envoAtmo envoPolar polar stratospheric cloud Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_stratospheric_cloud A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants. The thresholds for what makes a settlment "sparsely populated" can be determined as needed. These are usually "sparse" in relation to urban environments. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. sparsely populated settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_area A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. formal settlement A settlement which is not associated with or directed by official planning processes and which typically lacks municipal services and infrastructure such as sanitation, water services, and waste management services. Can a formerly formal settlement become an informal settlement? This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. Informal settlements need not be illegal. informal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have a legal claim to. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. legal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. illegal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1351 Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6622 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. envoPolar Requested for SDGIO. This class may be revised in future once the offical definitions become more clear. carbon dioxide emission process A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process. This is a working definition for #280. Which processes will ultimately be included in the axioms is still open. carbon dioxide emission A road which is usable across all seasons. all-season road permanent road Created for SDGIO, indicator 9.1.1. See #272. all season road A road which is usable across all seasons. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/WorldStats/ADI-access-season-road-definition.html An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural area An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village A lake which has nutrient-poor water. See issue #282 oligotrophic lake A lake which has nutrient-poor water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_state_index A lake with medium nutrient levels, which allow moderate productivity. See Issue #281. What constitutes a "medium" nutrient level is subject to debate. The thresholds should be set either on a data level or through new subclasses. mesotrophic lake A mass of solid material which is primarily composed of plastic. Plastikstück pedazo de plástico pezzo di plastica envoPlastics piece of plastic A plastic pellet which is produced such that its size allows it to be rapidly melted and used as input for further downstream manufacturing processes. envoPlastics nurdle A plastic pellet which is produced such that its size allows it to be rapidly melted and used as input for further downstream manufacturing processes. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nurdle An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. The narrow synonyms will be made into subclasses in their own right. important site Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area IUCN Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Important Bird Area Important Mammal Area Important Plant Area Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Prime Butterfly Area Ramsar Sites envoPolar The selection process which determines the whether an area is an important site must follow the best practice specifications and guidelines developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), using globally standardised criteria and thresholds. Note that the label 'important site' is chosen to align with SDGIO. The definition is that of "key biodiversity area". key biodiversity area An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/iucnmed/iucn_med_programme/species/key_biodiversity_areas/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Biodiversity_Area The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 A road which is publically accessible. This class is created for the SDGIO and the 'public infrastructure' class. The publically accessible attribute could be axiomatised. public road A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building A cable used to trasmit electricity from its point of production to its point of consumption. utility line A utility line which services the public power grid. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public utility line A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. informal settlement Informal settlements may be urban or rural. illegal informal settlement A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_67E.pdf A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. Not to be confused with a flame - the visible portion of gas released by a fire . Oxidation processes such as rusting or biological digestion are not subsumed here. fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3212 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild. wildland fire environmental_hazards The definition of "wildland" or "wild" is ambiguous. wildfire A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. blaze large fire conflagration A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflagration A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. flame A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame A flame which is produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. hydrocarbon flame A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. environmental_hazards forest fire A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind envoAtmo envoPolar This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. envoAtmo envoPolar atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. Solar wind stellar wind A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A mass gaseous flow in which planetary atmospheric gases flow into outer space. atmospheric escape envoAtmo envoPolar planetary wind A process whereby a large volume of plasma moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. mass plasma flow A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body envoAstro Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. envoAstro envoPolar Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. envoAstro envoPolar star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. moon natural satellite envoAstro At times, a moon is equated to a natural satellite, however, the latter class includes a broader range of entities. Here, we currently separate moons from other satellites. We can create a logical definition of satellite using an orbital process class. planetary moon An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/solarsystem/sats https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite envoAstro This class is hard to define and is sometimes treated as equivalent to 'minor planet'. asteroid An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object envoAstro If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object A group of gravitationally bound stars. envoAstro There is a need to account for open star clusters which are not gravitationally bound. This would need a superclass other than 'astronomical object', as currently defined. globular star cluster A group of gravitationally bound stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases envoAstro nebula An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. envoAstro galaxy A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. envoAstro Considerable debate on this definition exists. dwarf planet An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/Dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. This definition is in need of revision - it relies on negation and seems to straddle class and instance level. The definitional space here is contested and quite inhomogeneous. envoAstro "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." minor planet A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet An atmosphere which surrounds a planet. envoPolar planetary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which is composted primarily of dinitrogen and dioxygen gas. envoPolar An instance of this class would be Earth's atmosphere. nitrogen-oxygen planetary atmosphere A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. gibber reg saï serir desert pavement A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_pavement A material part of an astronomical body. Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension. Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts. This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed. envoAstro envoPolar Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. envoPolar This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. deciduous forest NLCD:41 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of deciduous forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of deciduous forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. envoAstro envoPolar The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. obsolete this term. Replace by new term for planetary cryosphere. ENVO:03000144 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. obsolete cryosphere true A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. envoAstro envoPolar This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. envoAstro This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. envoAstro photosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. photosphere envoPolar In some literature, the term photosphere is used; however, this is more correctly reserved for a part of a star. planetary photic zone A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. Somewhat awkward at the moment, see #314. envoPolar illuminated biosphere part An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. open lake exorheic lake A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_and_closed_lakes A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. The primary function of the eaves is to keep rain water off the walls and to prevent the ingress of water at the junction where the roof meets the wall. The secondary function is to control solar penetration; the eaves overhang can be designed to adjust the building's solar heat gain to suit the local climate, the latitude and orientation of the building, refer to passive solar building design. The eaves overhang may also shelter openings to ventilate the roof space. eaves A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaves Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. open eaves Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. ISBN:978-0-07-145237-3 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Open+eaves Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. closed eaves Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. ISBN:978-0-07-145237-3 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Closed+eaves Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain envoPolar This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. cloud droplet A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. A cloud droplet composed primarily of water. cloud drop cloud droplet water based cloud droplet water-based cloud droplet A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. virga A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass smoke Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. This class may be surrendered to REX. Unlike the "combustion" class in the Chemical Methods Ontology, this class is not necessarily a planned process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001473 combustion process Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion A chemical decomposition (the separation of a single chemical compound into its two or more elemental parts or to simpler compounds) caused by heat. thermal decomposition thermolysis A thermolysis process in which organic material is decomposed in the absence of oxygen. pyrolysis A fog which is intermixed with smoke or other combustion products and their derivatives. smog An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. evergreen forest NLCD:42 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of evergreen forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should maintain their foliage despite seasonal change - the canopy is never without green foliage. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of evergreen forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the surface of an astronomical body. haar envoCryo Fog is more opaque than mist, reducing visibility to under one kilometre. This class refers only to fog formed by materials primarily composed of water. "Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog has affected many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog fog A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the surface of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal envoPolar Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. Add quality like filamentous from PATO frost beard ice wool envoPolar hair ice A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_ice A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. This may or may not be an anthropogenic environment, but its boundaries are maintained by human activity. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower strip A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower-rich field margin strip A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. Not sure if this should be a subclass of crystal. If it is removed, remember to assert that it is a solid. clathrate compound material clathrate crystal material envoPolar This class is not to be confused with CHEBI's "clathrate". The latter refers to the pure substance, while this class refers to clathrates found in nature. "Traditionally, clathrate compounds are polymeric and completely envelop the guest molecule, but in modern usage clathrates also include host-guest complexes and inclusion compounds." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound clathrate material A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. fire ice gas hydrate hydromethane methane hydrate methane ice natural gas hydrate envoPolar methane clathrate A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. Add relations to coral organisms in NCBI taxonomy. orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-8114 coral bleaching coral bleaching process An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. A request from the Agronomy Ontology in Issue #345. marl Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/pdfs/a3671.pdf A marine coral reef biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. wwfBiome tropical marine coral reef biome An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the trees are a mixture between those that lose and retain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. NLCD:43 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of mixed forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that neither deciduous or evergreen trees make up more than 75% of the total tree cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of mixed forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the trees are a mixture between those that lose and retain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping wwfBiome temperate marginal sea biome A mediterranean sea biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. wwfBiome temperate mediterranean sea biome A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. wwfBiome tropical marine upwelling biome A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. wwfBiome temperate marine upwelling biome An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" dwarf scrub NLCD:51 area of subshrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of dwarf scrub are dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation. The NLCD 2011 notes that this is intended as an Alaska only land cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of dwarf scrub An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. This should likely be a part of the surface layer rather than a subclass. overfall turbulent aquatic surface layer A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. overfall overflow structure A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. overfall mouth of liquid discharge conduit A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/overfall An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. electric power system An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_system A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. photovoltaic system A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. photovoltaic panel array solar panel array A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system A solar panel array that is integrated into the power system of a human dwelling. domestic photovoltaic panel array domestic solar panel array An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub A process in which a solid planetary surface is deformed. This is a class to be filled by inference. ground deformation process A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. This class refers only to puddles of water, see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/337 puddle of water A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. This definition could be improved, as ballast water is often used in more general ways, beyond the water contained in a ballast tank at any given time. For example, water which has just been released from a ballast tank is often still refered to as ballast water. ballast water Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. http://www.nature.com/news/four-routes-to-better-maritime-governance-1.21051?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_water_discharge_and_the_environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballast#Water_ballast A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class ballast tank A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_tank A hydrological process during which hail stones fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is Earth-centric for the moment, other types of hail (methane etc) exist hail fall environmental_hazards envoPolar hailfall A hydrological process during which hail stones fall to the surface of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates. environmental_hazards The threshold of what constitutes "strong" perturbation is not defined here due to considerable semantic variation. If a specific threshold is required, please request a new term. storm An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. environmental_hazards atmospheric storm An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm An atmospheric storm which occurs in cumulonimbus clouds and during which lightning and thunder occur. electrical storm lightning storm environmental_hazards Thunderstorms may or may not involve processes which result in strong winds, heavy rain, snow, sleet, hail, or other forms of precipitation. thunderstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense rainfall occurs. environmental_hazards envoAtmo rainstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense hailfall occurs 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z environmental_hazards envoAtmo envoCryo envoPolar hailstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense hailfall occurs An atmospheric storm during which intense snowfall occurs. environmental_hazards envoAtmo envoPolar snowstorm An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. Note it is a hazard, could perhaps later link to https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard or https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard/blob/master/concept-map/ModifiedHazardousSituation.png and https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/14 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z glaze event glaze storm ice storm silver storm silver thaw glaze event silver thaw environmental_hazards envoAtmo envoCryo envoPolar Icestorms are associated with multiple hazards. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of 0.25 inch or 0.60 cm or more. Has synonyms silver storm, glaze storm. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. icestorm An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. Icestorms are associated with multiple hazards. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of 0.25 inch or 0.60 cm or more. Has synonyms silver storm, glaze storm. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. Hauer RJ, Dawson JO, Werner LP (2006) Trees and Ice Storms - The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations (2 ed.). College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, and the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and the Office of Continuing Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/forestry/publications/pdf/urban_community_forestry/trees_and_ice_storms_2006.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_storm An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, low intensity NLCD:22 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under low intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 20 - 49% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with low usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, medium intensity NLCD:23 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under medium intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 50 - 79% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with medium usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, high intensity NLCD:24 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under high intensity usage are dominated by constructed features where humans reside and work. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial facilities. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 80 - 100% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with high usage intensity An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. lichens NLCD:73 envoPolar nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by lichens. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of lichen-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. moss NLCD:74 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by mosses. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of moss-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. pasture/hay NLCD:81 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by pasturelands or hayfields. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD also notes that the crops are grown on a perennial cycle in these areas. area of pastureland or hayfields An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. cultivated crops NLCD:82 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by croplands or actively tilled land. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD provides corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton as examples of annual crops and the trees and vines in orchards and vineyards as examples of perennial woody crops. area of cropland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. woody wetlands NLCD:90 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by forest or shrubland vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of woody wetland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. emergent herbaceous wetlands NLCD:95 nlcd2011 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by herbaceous vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of emergent herbaceous wetland An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow fall environmental_hazards envoCryo envoPolar snowfall Water-based rainfall which freezes either 1) on impact with a surface to form a coating of clear ice (glaze) or 2) after percolating through surface layers. This term exists, we're revising the definition with ESIP semantic Harmonization group, delete the old one. Consider adding axioms like PATO:"decreased temperature" to this and other cold forms of precipitation, such that we can create a grouping class to be filled by inference (with hail, sleet, snow, freezing rain). Something like precipitation below the liquid-solid phase transition point of water. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z freezing rain freezing rain fall METAR:FZRA environmental_hazards envoCryo envoPolar A surface temperature inversion is usually required. In such an inversion, the surface must have a temperature below freezing, while the temperature of the atmosphere where the precipitation forms is above freezing. Alternately, if the temperature of the ground surface and glazed objects is typically near or below freezing (0C or 32F), it is necessary that the water drops be supercooled before striking. Freezing rain can sometimes occur on surfaces exposed to the air (such as tree limbs) with air temperatures slightly above freezing in strong winds. Local evaporational cooling may result in freezing. Freezing rain frequently occurs, therefore, as a transient condition between the occurrence of rain and ice pellets (sleet). When encountered by an aircraft in flight, freezing rain can cause a dangerous accretion of clear icing. In aviation weather observations, this hydrometeor is encoded ZR by NOAA. freezing rainfall Water-based rainfall which freezes either 1) on impact with a surface to form a coating of clear ice (glaze) or 2) after percolating through surface layers. A surface temperature inversion is usually required. In such an inversion, the surface must have a temperature below freezing, while the temperature of the atmosphere where the precipitation forms is above freezing. Alternately, if the temperature of the ground surface and glazed objects is typically near or below freezing (0C or 32F), it is necessary that the water drops be supercooled before striking. Freezing rain can sometimes occur on surfaces exposed to the air (such as tree limbs) with air temperatures slightly above freezing in strong winds. Local evaporational cooling may result in freezing. Freezing rain frequently occurs, therefore, as a transient condition between the occurrence of rain and ice pellets (sleet). When encountered by an aircraft in flight, freezing rain can cause a dangerous accretion of clear icing. In aviation weather observations, this hydrometeor is encoded ZR by NOAA. A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. This should probably be moved to an ontology of physical processes when one is created, and be imported back into ENVO. electrostatic discharge process A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. lightning environmental_hazards atmospheric lightning A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between at least two clouds. CC lightning cloud-cloud lightning environmental_hazards intercloud lightning A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud. IC lightning environmental_hazards intracloud lightning A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between a cloud and an object on a planetary surface, or a planetary surface itself. CG lightning cloud-ground lightning environmental_hazards lightning strike A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud or between multiple clouds. environmental_hazards lightning flash A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. boulbie buran purga environmental_hazards envoAtmo envoCryo envoPolar The U.S. National Weather Service specifies sustained wind or frequent gusts of 16 m per second (30 kt or 35 mi per hour) or greater, accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 400 m (0.25 mi or 0.4 km) for 3 hours or longer. Earlier definitions also included a condition of low temperatures, on the order of -7C (20F) or lower, or -12C (10F) or lower (severe blizzard). The name originated in the United States but it is also used in other countries. In the Antarctic the name is given to violent autumnal winds off the ice cap. In southeastern France, the cold north wind with snow is termed blizzard (see also boulbie). Similar storms in Russian Asia are the buran and purga. In popular usage in the United States and in England, the term is often used for any heavy snowstorm accompanied by strong winds. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. blizzard A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. environmental_hazards envoAtmo This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. ground blizzard A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. There are multiple subclasses possible for this term, including ponds managed by the traditional (extensive), improved traditional (semi-intensive), and intensive methods of cultivation. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. shrimp pond A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-7097 http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. aquatic farming In 1988, the FAO introduced a definition of aquaculture which reduces its confusion with capture fisheries: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes, aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resources, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fisheries. aquaculture process A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Feasting pits had a wide variety of social functions throughout time, which extended in scope from the single family group to multiple tribes or villages. feasting pit site An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Pappa, M., Halstead, P., Kotsakis, K., & Urem-Kotsou, D. (2004). Evidence for large-scale feasting at Late Neolithic Makriyalos, N Greece. Food, cuisine and society in prehistoric Greece, 5, 16. Romero, D., & Lauzon, A. (2015). The Art of Feasting: Style and Identity in a Ritual Area at the Harris Site. In. In L. Ludeman (Ed.), Collected Papers from the 18th Biennial Mogollon Archaeology Conference (pp. 43-50). Las Cruces, New Mexico: Privately published by Lonnie Ludeman. A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. boiling river A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. geothermally heated river A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. biological crust biocrust A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. biological soil crust cryptobiotic soil cryptogamic soil microbiotic soil microphytic soil soil biological crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. soil biocrust A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. automated banking machine automatic teller machine automatic telling machine bankomat cash machine cashline cashpoint minibank automated teller machine An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00226-16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_teller_machine A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. CCN cloud seed envoPolar cloud condensation nucleus A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. cloud seeding process nucleation of cloud condensation A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ablation zone envoPolar ice ablation zone An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. Ice loss could likely become a defined class with some equivalence axioms linking it to processes, along the lines of: 'has part' some (icemelt or 'ice calving process' or 'water ice sublimation process'). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ice loss envoPolar ice loss process A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 http://physicalgeography.net/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. Of interest to sustainable development goals, linking production and consumption to human health and environmental impacts. garbage landslide refuse landslide trash landslide environmental_hazards "At least 48 people have been killed in a landslide at a vast rubbish dump on the outskirts of Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa, officials say...Hundreds of people attempt to make a living by scavenging at the landfill site, sifting through the rubbish for items they can sell, the BBC's Emmanuel Igunza in Addis Ababa reports" BBC Africa reports rubbish landslide A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39247381 A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 calving envoPolar ice calving process A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. calving https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/conduit/upload/502/cf-standard-name-table_v13.txt An animal house which is only partially surrounded by a building envelope. open animal house An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar glacial ice ablation process An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A sublimation process during which water ice transitions into a gaseous state. envoPolar water ice sublimation process An animal house which has a complete building envelope. closed animal house A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. cage animal cage A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. petting farm children's zoo Petting zoos are often nested within a zoological garden featuring wild non-human animals, not docile enough for humans to touch. petting zoo A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petting_zoo An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. drain drainage channel plumbing drain An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing) A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. slaughter plant slaughterhouse butchery meat processing building abattoir A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. knacker's yard Animals killed in knacker's yards are not fit for human consumption or can no longer be used to perform work. knackery A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. child care building daycare building This is a kind of day care facility. A facility need not be a building. day care building A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_care A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. fish factory This is a kind of fish processing facility. Facilities need not be buildings, factory ships may be considered fish processing facilities. fish processing building A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_factory An environment determined by the presence of a mushroom. mushroom environment An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. animal corridor green corridor habitat corridor wildlife corridor Ecological corridors may or may not provide habitats for the organisms which move through them. They serve to mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation by allowing genetic exchange between populations that would otherwise be separated by, e.g., human activity. ecological corridor An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/10510 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3756 An ecological corridor through which organisms move during a migration process. Should be axiomatised with PCO's migration process once it is released. migration corridor migratory route envoPolar This term refers to the ecosystem(s) the organisms traverse, rather than the spatial track they cover. The latter is better placed in a geospatial ontology. migration path A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. This class should be linked to SDGIO. intermediate care facility long-term care facility old people's home skilled nursing facility care home convalescent home rest home nursing home A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_home_care A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. eatery restaurant A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. This is a very ambiguous term with wide-ranging usage patterns across cultural groups and regions. camping ground camping pitch camping site campsite campground A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. dedicated campground A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. impromptu campground A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. spa Jacuzzi hot tub A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tub An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. space-time crystal While the usage of the term is still debated, the general idea is that time crystals (which have been made using ytterbium ions and defect-bearing diamonds) break temporal symmetry analogously to how mineral crystal break spatial symmetry. While spatial crystals are inhomogeneous in space (vs a gas, which is distributed evenly) due to the ordering of their atoms, the properties of atoms in a time crystal are inhomogeneous in the time dimension. time crystal An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/543164a Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. The axiomatisation should be more tuned to the site within the fissure. fracture water While containment is often enough to classify this subtype of water, it is expected that the water's composition is altered by contact with the solid material bounding the fissure's site. fissure water Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. planetary subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. continental subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 A hill which has a surface that is partially or wholly covered by plant communities. This class will be axiomatised to coordinate with the 'vegetated area' class. vegetated hill A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. microplastic envoPlastics This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternative classifications are a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 5 millimetres in diameter, a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 millimetre, or a piece of plastic which has a diameter greater than 330 micrometres. The use of the word diameter in this case was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. microplastic particle A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternative classifications are a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 5 millimetres in diameter, a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 millimetre, or a piece of plastic which has a diameter greater than 330 micrometres. The use of the word diameter in this case was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. Primäres Mikroplastik microplastica primaria microplástico primario microplastic envoPlastics primary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. Sekundäres Mikroplastik microplastica secondaria microplástico secundario microplastic envoPlastics The debris that make up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch constantly release microplastics as they break down. secondary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY 2 An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. There are many subtypes of ecotone, some with sharp transitions and others with gradual, patchy transitions between communities. From Wikipedia:Ecotone - The word ecotone was coined from a combination of eco(logy) plus -tone, from the Greek tonos or tension – in other words, a place where ecologies are in tension. ecotone An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. ISBN:978-0-03-058414-5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotone https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecotone An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. This assumes, of course, that the planet's or planetoid's poles receive less stellar radiation and/or thermal energy than equatorial regions. Arctic tree-line ecotone Major vegetational ecotones such as that between the northern edge of the Boreal Forest in North America (or taiga in Russia) and the arctic tundra, known as the arctic tree-line ecotone, are controlled largely by large-scale airmass contrasts and are sensitive to climatic change, as noted by R. A. Bryson (1966). Harvey Nichols, Ph.D. , April 23, 2017 Emeritus Professor of Biology. polar tree-line ecotone An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. lichen woodland A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. https://www.britannica.com/science/taiga#ref589262 A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar water ice formation process A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. tree line tree-line treeline tree line ecotone An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. alpine tree line alpine tree-line alpine treeline alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. desert tree line desert tree-line desert treeline desert tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. desert-alpine tree line desert-alpine tree-line desert-alpine treeline The lack of rainfall in these ecotones is often due to their elevation above the condensation line of atmospheric water vapour. desert-alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. double tree line double tree-line double treeline Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. double tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line#Double_tree_line A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet envoAstro terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. primary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. secondary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. This definition cites biotic processes; however, the source indicated that other processes may cause a secondary atmosphere to transition into a tertiary one. More input is needed. Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. tertiary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr kieselgur D.E. diatomaceous earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr particle kieselgur particle particle of diatomaceous earth particle of diatomite piece of diatomaceous earth piece of diatomite D.E. diatomaceous earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite particle A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence Wastewater which is produced by industrial activity and which contains chemical contaminants other than those associated with urine and fecal matter. industrial wastewater A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. pool paddling pool swimming bath swimming pool wading pool constructed swimming pool A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. pool swimming pool private swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. pool swimming pool public swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. Sources of water include rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Conduits include canals, pipelines, and tunnels. Water intakes typically transport water for purposes of hydroelectric power engineering, water supply, or irrigation. water intake A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Water+Intake+Works A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. canteen cafeteria A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. deli The food products sold in a delicatessen are often considered unusual by the majority of its customers and may come from foreign food supplies which are not widely imported into its region of operation. delicatessen A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delicatessen A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. Due to the facilities on board, food trucks are often larger than other trucks with comparable mechanics. food truck A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_truck A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. take out restaurant take-away take-out restaurant A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A booth with an open window on one side. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. kiosk A booth with an open window on one side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk A kiosk from which food products are sold. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. food kiosk A kiosk from which food products are sold. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. envoCesab animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. envoCesab pitfall trap An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. Barber H (1931) Traps for cave-inhabiting insects. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc. 46:259–266. Hertz M (1927) Huomioita petokuoriaisten olinpaikoista. Luonnon Ystava. 31:218–222. Mitchell B (1963) Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Trechus quadristriatus (Shrank). J Animal Ecol. 32(3): 377-392. A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. envoCesab dry pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. ISBN:978-0-646-04569-6 ISBN:978-94-009-1225-0 http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. envoCesab Aqueous solutions used in these traps include: formalin (10% formaldehyde), alcohol, methylated spirits, trisodium phosphate and picric acid. wet pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. ISBN:978-0-646-04569-6 ISBN:978-94-009-1225-0 http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. ephemeral river intermittent river temporary river envoCesab channel of an intermittent river A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. http://irbas.cesab.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_river A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. intermittent stream channel of an intermittent stream A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Intermittent+stream A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. envoPolar This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. environmental_hazards water flow process A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. envoAstro The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. grocery store A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. A good candidate to draft land use semantics around Fairgrounds, or parts thereof, may be constructed (e.g. concreted over) or be natural (e.g. clearings or heaths), thus land use is the key differentia. fairground A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. agricultural fairground A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. Hierarchies based on land use should replace the anthropogenic feature class once we have a stable rationale. public market bazaar marketplace mercado palengke souk tianguis As with campgrounds and fairgrounds, land use is the key differentia here. The regularity of marketplace activities may provide a differentia for further growth of this branch. market A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_(place) A food shop in which the food products on offer are restricted to those produced in a region and cultural setting other than that of the shop's locality. ethnic food store ethnic speciality shop ethnic speciality store ethnic food shop An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. hand basin wash basin sink sinker washbowl sink fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink A plumbing fixture which may serve as a container for water in which humans or other animals may bathe. bathtub bath tub Of course, there are other uses for bathtubs. bathtub fixture A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. As some showers have no drain, this may cause issues with the definition of plumbing fixture. shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. shower fixture A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing A manufacturing process which occurs on a planet. Whether this is within the planet's Hill sphere, the region which extends from its exosphere to its core, or some other planetary region is not clear. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/513 for discussion. planetary manufacturing process A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000979 for the channel of an intermittent river. dry river A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material An environmental system determined by the presence of a plant rhizosphere. Plant rhizosphere envoEmpo envoOmics rhizosphere environment Plant rhizosphere http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment envoEmpo envoOmics plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Non-saline envoEmpo This class (term) is defined by the lack of a quality (i.e. the lack of salinity or increased osmolarity), which is not best-practice ontologically. Use for annotation is generally discouraged and users should use classes which positively describe the material or environment sampled (i.e. stating the qualities the entity has, rather than those it does not). non-saline environment Non-saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. ground water The definition of aquifer is quite permissive, referencing any water bearing rock or unconsolidated material. groundwater Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. moonbow white rainbow envoAtmo lunar rainbow A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. envoAtmo The term 'rainbow' is usually used to refer to solar rainbows, but greater specificity should be used when possible. rainbow A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. stellar rainbow envoAtmo The astronomical body where the rainbow occurs is understood to orbit the star which produces the light which forms the rainbow. solar rainbow A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. envoAtmo meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A meteor that is primarily composed of light. Requires radiative phenomena to be added for axiomatisation. envoAtmo photometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. envoAtmo hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html A photometeor which is formed as a result of sudden electrostatic discharge in the atmosphere. lightning lightning flash envoAtmo This phenomenon is often treated as interchangeable with the process of electrostatic discharge that causes it. light emitted by lightning A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. envoAtmo lithometeor A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. envoAtmo Not to be confused with a reflected rainbow, which is not a photometeor. reflection rainbow A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. monochrome rainbow red rainbow envoAtmo monochrome solar rainbow A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. fog bow envoAtmo Often, fogbows are treated as separate from rainbows; however, as the formation processes are much the same, we currently classify these as a subclass of rainbow pending input from domain experts. fogbow A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. envoAtmo This is not to be confused with a circular rainbow, which is formed through different processes. glory A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_(optical_phenomenon) A photometeor which is produced by light that is reflected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. envoAtmo halo A photometeor which is produced by light that is reflected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(optical_phenomenon) Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. The thresholds of eutrophy are fluid and often locally defined. hypereutrophic water Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/528 A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. hypereutrophic lake A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/529 A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. hypersaline lake A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersaline_lake A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. dystrophic lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. humic lake A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. environmental_hazards envoAstro particle beam radiation A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. envoAstro The mechanical waves generated by this process are also referred to as pressure waves. acoustic radiation A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_wave https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration Sediment which has its porespace filled by water which has very low levels of sodium chloride and/or other salts. envoEmpo envoOmics We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by freshwater An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by feces. Animal distal gut envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics fecal environment Animal distal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ The label of this EMPO class is ambiguous, but pers. comm. with L Thompson (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-1280) reveals that this is essentially limited to fecal samples. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a bodily secretion of a metazoan. Animal secretion envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a metazoan secretion Animal secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a substance produced by a plant. Plant secretion envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a plant substance Plant secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a plant. Plant surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a plant surface Plant surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a digestive tract. Animal proximal gut envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics digestive tract environment Animal proximal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ This EMPO class includes examples of microbial environments determined by the "gut intestine, gizzard, crop, lumen, [and] mucosa". An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a animal. Animal surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on an animal surface Animal surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a fungus. Fungus surface envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a fungal surface Fungus surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts. envoEmpo envoOmics We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by saline water Water which contains a slightly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water slightly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies slightly saline water as having around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%) of dissolved salts. slightly saline water Water which contains a moderately increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water moderately salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies moderately saline water as having around 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) of dissolved salts. moderately saline water Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water highly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies highly saline water as having around 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%) of dissolved salts. highly saline water An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline envoEmpo The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by a fungal structure. Fungus fungus environment fungus-associated environment envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics fungi-associated environment Fungus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sterile water. Negative envoEmpo envoOmics This term can be understood as a negative experimental control primarily composed of sterile water. The quantity of sterile water used may be contaminated; to express pure sterile water, please use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005791 sterile water environment Negative http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by hypersaline water. Hypersaline (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics envoPolar hypersaline water environment Hypersaline (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Examples inlcude water from hypersaline samples or brines (>50 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. oceanic subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by the subsurface zone of a planet. envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics planetary subsurface environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by those parts of a planetary subsurface zone which are not saline. Subsurface (non-saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics non-saline planetary subsurface environment Subsurface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. envoEmpo envoOmics sediment environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by non-saline water. Sediment (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline sediment environment Sediment (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by saline water. Sediment (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline sediment environment Sediment (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to non-saline materials. Surface (non-saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a non-saline surface Surface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. envoEmpo envoOmics aerosol environment An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) envoEmpo envoOmics saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) envoEmpo envoOmics non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to saline materials. Surface (saline) envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment determined by a biofilm on a saline surface Surface (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead fungus. Fungus corpus envoEmpo envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with a fungal tissue Fungus corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition. Mock community envoEmpo envoOmics Mock communities are typically used as positive controls in experiments. mock community culture Mock community http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A cell culture which is composed of a single population of bacterial or archaeal cells. Single strain envoEmpo envoOmics single strain cell culture Single strain http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ A lake which is contained within a caldera. caldera lake A lake which is contained within a caldera. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake A lake contained within a crater. Note that this class does not commit to what kind of crater contains the lake in question. Please see the subclasses for more specificity. crater lake A lake contained within a crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z The threshold dissolved oxygen concentration past which water is considered oxic is variable. Typically, this is understood as the concentration at and beyond which organisms inhabiting that water can sustain aerobic metabolism and good health. For most systems, this is above 80% oxygen saturation. Input is welcome here https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/536 oxic water Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) Water which has low levels of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z As with oxic and anoxic water, the thresholds for hypoxia are variable. Typically, a hypoxic state is asserted when dissolved oxygen levels decrease to a level where they have detrimental effects on aerobic aquatic organisms, typically below 30% oxygen saturation. hypoxic water Water which has low levels of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. meteorite crater lake meteorite impact crater lake meteorite lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes An impact event is a collision between astronomical bodies. impact between astronomical bodies QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'astronomical body' An impact event is a collision between astronomical bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. meterorite impact An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. envoAstro meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. impact crater lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater impact crater A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater A lake which is primarily composed of anoxic water. anaerobic lake anoxic lake A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. anoxic lake lake with an anoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of hypoxic water. anoxic lake lake with a hypoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of hypoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 A lake which is primarily composed of hypoxic water. oxygen-poor lake oxygen-depleted lake hypoxic lake A lake which is primarily composed of oxic water. oxygenated lake aerobic lake oxic lake A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. aerobic lake oxic lake lake with an oxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. This class refers to all weather, including atmospheric and space weather. Please use a subclass for more specificity. weather Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. This class refers to the common usage of "weather", referencing the state of a (part of) an astronomical body's atmosphere. atmospheric weather Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather Weather which inheres in outer space. space weather Weather which inheres in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather A condition which inheres in an environmental system by virtue of that system undergoing variation in its composition, the distribution of the qualities its components bear, and/or in the processes which occur within it and which it participates in. This class is very general, but the nature of environmental variability is indeed quite variable. This class may be refined once we have more subclasses to consider. environmental variability The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. The current alignment of "climate" under BFO:disposition is drawing from its very useful etymology (Ancient Greek klima, meaning inclination). The climatic conditions currently used to axiomatise biomes (polar, tropical, etc) may be better placed under this class. Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. climate The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. cloud formation cloud formation process A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation envoAtmo atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol envoAtmo aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. tectonic lake A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Tectonic_lakes A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. convergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. constructive tectonic movement extensional tectonic movement divergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. conservative tectonic movement transform tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_fault A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. constructive boundary constructive plate boundary divergent boundary extensional boundary extensional plate boundary divergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. convergent boundary destructive boundary destructive plate boundary convergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. This class overlaps with the semantics of geographic faults and further work needs to be done to disentangle them. transform boundary transform fault transform plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. subduction tectonic plate subduction A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. detritus An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus A compound astronomical body part in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. rift envoPolar rift zone A compound astronomical body part in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. aeolian lake A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Aeolian_lakes A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. landslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. rockslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. rockslip environmental_hazards rockslide process A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. Kármán vortex street von Kármán vortex street These vortices are responsible for such phenomena as the "singing" of suspended telephone or power lines, and the vibration of a car antenna at certain speeds. Karman vortex street A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. fossil worm burrow A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070920 A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. fossilization fossilization of organic material A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil#Fossilization_processes Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. forage forage material Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. This should be moved to "zone", and inference should be used to link to agricultural feature. feed storage feed storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. manure storage manure storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. bovine dairy liquid manure Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. http://manuremanagement.ucdavis.edu/files/134369.pdf http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. poultry manure Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. heat-treated animal manure Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. composted animal manure Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. animal manure product A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. envoAstro Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. envoAstro The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. dwarf gas planet A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. The definition should be revised to avoid relativisation to instances. gas giant envoAstro giant gas planet A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. ice envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Water, ammonia, and methane are considered "ices" with freezing points of 273 K, 195 K, and 91 K, respectively. astrogeological ice An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. envoAstro Uranus and Neptune are considered ice giants, a separate class relative to the gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Ice giants consist of only about 20% hydrogen and helium in mass. A large portion of the mass in an ice giant was incorporated by the capture of ice (as defined in planetary science) or as gas trapped in water ice. ice giant A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. transitional planet envoAstro These planets have a mass up to 10 Earth masses, notably smaller than Uranus or Neptune, which are about 14.5 and 17 Earth masses, respectively. mini-Neptune A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Neptune An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. envoAstro Due to their immense size, super-Jupiter class objects straddle the space between planets and other objects such as brown dwarfs. While they may be more massive than Jupiter, super-Jupiters tend to be the same approximate size, with increasing density as their mass increases up to about 80 Jupiter masses. super-Jupiter An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Jupiter A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. envoAstro gravitational motion A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity A giant gas planet which has a jovian-scale mass (0.36–11.8 Jupiter masses), a short orbital period (1.3–111 Earth days), and which is close to the star it orbits, resulting in extreme and exotic atmospheric properties. epistellar jovian pegasean planet pegasid roaster planet envoAstro It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. hot Jupiter It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). Whether this should be classified as a gas planet or an ice giant must be explored. hoptune envoAstro hot Neptune A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Neptune A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. envoAstro mega-Earth A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). envoAstro The upper bound of a super-Earth's mass is generally agreed on as 10 Earth masses. In general, super-Earths are defined exclusively by their masses, and the term does not imply temperatures, compositions, orbital properties, habitability, or environments. super-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts. dry planet envoAstro This class of planet is still mostly theoretical. desert planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet envoAstro While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice envoAstro carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of methane. envoAstro methane ice Ice which is primarily composed of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. envoAstro ammonia ice Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. envoAstro carbon monoxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle cannonball planet envoAstro Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. iron planet A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. envoAstro This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. lava planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. envoAstro The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. sub-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. cthonian planet envoAstro This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. chthonian planet A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. envoAstro This process is responsible for the stripping away of gases from the atmosphere of planets and related bodies by acceleration on interaction with high energy photons and other electromagnetic radiation. photoevaporation A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. arXiv:1604.05220 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet#cite_note-4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoevaporation A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. envoAstro A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. envoAstro In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. planetesimal An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. State that this is derived from a collection of planetesimals. planetary embryo envoAstro Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. protoplanet An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. envoAstro protoplanetary disk An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. ionized protoplanetary disk envoAstro proplyd A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proplyd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. envoAstro mesoplanet A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoplanet A planet which orbits two stars. envoAstro Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. circumbinary planet A planet which orbits two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile envoAstro Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas envoAstro This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust refractory material envoAstro The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. refractory astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. envoAstro atmospheric escape A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. envoAstro hydrodynamic escape An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape A cloud which is cirriform and is formed by condensation events centred on an aircraft's contrail. envoAtmo cirrus homogenitus cloud A cloud which is cirriform and is formed by condensation events centred on an aircraft's contrail. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homogenitus.html A cloud which 1) has been shaped into detached fibrous filaments, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Ci (Eis)-Federwolke Cirruswolke Zirruswolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas When present in aggregates, individual cirrus clouds are organised in patches or narrow bands. When organised in sheets of fibres they can give a silky sheen. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrus clouds appear white or mostly white. Absence of any precipitation. cirrus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into detached fibrous filaments, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud OBSOLETE A cloud which envoAtmo created in error obsolete newCloud true OBSOLETE A cloud which https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. strict nature reserve IUCN-PACS:Ia Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. IUCN strict nature reserve An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve strict nature reserve https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve IUCN-PACS:Ia https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. IUCN-PACS:Ib wilderness area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. IUCN wilderness area An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:Ib https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area wilderness area https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). IUCN-PACS:III natural monument Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. IUCN natural monument or feature An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature IUCN-PACS:III https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. Clarify what is encompassed by floral and faunal. Do microbial and fungal species (e.g. of importance to many marine systems) fall within these categories? Further, create subclasses for habitat and species conservation separately. habitat management area IUCN-PACS:IV species management area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. IUCN habitat/species management area An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area IUCN-PACS:IV https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Axiomatise with SDGIO classes once available: https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/114 IUCN protected area The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. area protected according to IUCN guidelines A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. Umweltschutz conservation action conservation process nature conservation conservation-focused active ecosystem management process An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltschutz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. IUCN-PACS:V Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". IUCN protected landscape/seascape An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape IUCN-PACS:V https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape A fiat object part which contains entities of high spiritual or cultural significance to one or more human groups. sacred site A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. This process may be caused by direct anthropisation (i.e. the fragmentation of ecosystems due to the establishment of cropland) or by more natural events such as forest fires or erosion of land bridges. ecosystem decay A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. habitat fragmentation process An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 envoMeo envoOmics environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. Consider moving axioms to the quality 'arable' directly. The discontinuous quality on tillage can likely be improved or refined. Also, add axioms for ploughing once it is added to AgrO: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/34 arable land Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. See this issue for requests regarding surrounding semantics of grazing: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/32 pasturable land Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. An environmental system determined by a cnidarian or part of a cnidarian. envoMeo cnidarian-associated environment An environment which has its properties and composition determined by a portion of Bondon cheese. This class was cross-axiomatised with FOODON, but recent changes in FOODON's alignment (e.g. Bondon cheese as a subclass of an information artifact) have caused reasoning errors. We await FOODON to stabilise these semantics before attempting a reimport and will work with them to this end. envoMeo Bondon cheese environment A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris rhizoplane A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhizoplane Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. tended pasturable land Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. Land which either hosts plant communities upon which animals may graze has been manipulated by tilling, ploughing, or other human activity for the purposes of seed sowing or planting crops. Add semantics to support "land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category." http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_18948.html http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/4448 This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. arable or pasturable land This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. arable A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid Volcanic ash which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic volcanic ash A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. sea cucumber gut sea cucumber digestive tract holothurian digestive tract A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cucumber A bodily fluid which is present in the digestive tract of a member of the Holothuroidea. holothurian digestive tract contents This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. brownish colored sea ice brown sea ice Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.04.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122418 https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/564 The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. This includes the surface layers of all volumes of water exposed to space or the planet's atmosphere. water-based planetary surface A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. magnetosphere A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere An environmental disposition which inheres in an entity that intercepts, attenuates, or blocks radiation. radiation shielding disposition A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. cosmic ray shielding disposition A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. induced magnetosphere A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. intrinsic magnetosphere A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone An astronomical body part which is part of a marine environment. This class will eventually be populated by inference alone, with its subclasses distributed in more process-linked hierarchies to improve semantic density. marine environmental zone Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvium Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvial sediment Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. alluvial deposit A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.RNCH ranch ranch An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. USGS:SDTS ranch Geonames:feature ranch USGS:SDTS An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. swamp area An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding. defense against flooding defence against floods defense against floods flood defence flood defence intervention flood defense flood defense intervention defence against flooding An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. microwave solar radiation ENVO envoAstro This definition focuses on the properties of microwaves rather than their wavelength or frequency limits. Considerable ambiguity exists around the wavelength and frequency thresholds of microwaves. The ISO 21348 definition bounds these waves at 1 mm and 15 mm, with frequencies between 100 GHz and 0.225 GHz. microwave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. radio wave solar radiation ENVO envoAstro As with microwaves, considerable variation exists in the delimitation of frequency and wavelength thresholds for radiowaves. The ISO 21348 standard allows a wavelength range of 0.10 mm to 100 m and a frequency range of 300 GHz to 3 MHz. However, much lower thresholds also exist. radio wave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. infrared radiation infra-red stellar radiation infrared solar radiation IR stellar radiation envoAstro infrared stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. optical stellar radiation visible spectrum solar radiation ENVO envoAstro visible spectrum stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. To be expanded to account for subtypes. NCIT:C17231 ultraviolet solar radiation ENVO environmental_hazards envoAstro ultraviolet stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. x ray stellar radiation X-ray solar radiation ENVO environmental_hazards envoAstro Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray#Energy_ranges A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. gamma-ray solar radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. gamma-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. ionising stellar radiation ionising solar radiation ENVO envoAstro ionizing stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. lumber production timber production timber production process lumber production process A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. protected area with sustainable use of natural resources IUCN-PACS:VI Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. IUCN protected area with sustainable use of natural resources An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area protected area with sustainable use of natural resources https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:VI https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. Roche sphere Hill sphere QCR: 'process has causal agent' max 1 'astronomical body' A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere 2 A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. L-points Lagrange points libration points Lagrangian point A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. A class which is complementary to the WWF Temperate Shelf and Seas ecoregions grouping tropical marginal sea biome Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. kerogen Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. sapropelic kerogen Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. labile kerogen Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. recalcitrant kerogen Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. planktonic kerogen Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. sulfrous kerogen Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. humic kerogen Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. residual kerogen Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agronomy agronomic process An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture animal husbandry An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. crustacean aquaculture aquaculture of crustaceans crustacean farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. finfish aquaculture aquaculture of finfish finfish farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. mollusc aquaculture aquaculture of molluscs mollusc farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. seaweed aquaculture aquaculture of seaweed seaweed farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. freshwater macrophyte aquaculture aquaculture of freshwater macrophytes freshwater macrophyte farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. animal aquaculture aquaculture of animals animal aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. This is unlikely to be limited to Viridiplantae, better axiomatisation should be sought in revisions. plant aquaculture aquaculture of plants plant aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. coastal shrimp pond A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming Saline water which is derived from sea water and used during the cultivation of crustaceans. saline shrimp pond water A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." vog A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. transport of waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. Abfallentsorgungsprozess proceso de eliminación de residuos processo di smaltimento rifiuti envoPlastics waste disposal process A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. child feces disposal transport of child feces to a designated site A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. household waste disposal transport of household waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. defecation area area designated for human defecation A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. waste disposal site waste storage site area designated for waste storage A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. thermal pollution An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. thermal pollution of an aquatic system A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." stormwater Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. urban storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." urban stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. area of developed space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. rural storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." rural stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. impermeable surface layer A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious_surface A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. constructed pavement A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. Isosurfaces are not equivalent to a "surface layer" in the sense of overlapping an external boundary. Further, this class is concerned only with material isosurfaces, not with mathematical abstractions. material isosurface A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosurface A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer A road which is primarily composed of asphalt. asphalt road A road which is primarily composed of concrete. concrete road A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. pavement footpath footway "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." sidewalk A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. driveway A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driveway A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. car lot car park parking lot paved parking lot A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_lot Dust which is composed primarily of slicon dioxide. silica dust Dust which is primarily composed of aluminium particles. aluminium dust Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles. barium dust Dust which is primarily composed of hydrated magnesium silicate (talc) particles. talc dust Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles. slate dust A fire which occurs in an industrial area or building. environmental_hazards industrial fire Dust which is primarily composed of kaolinite particles. kaolinite dust kaolin dust A land fire which consumes low-growing plants such as scrub and brush. environmental_hazards brush fire A land fire which occurs in a large uncleared or sparsely settled area (as in Australia) usually scrub-covered or forested. environmental_hazards "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush fire A fire which occurs in a pastureland. environmental_hazards pasture fire A fire which occurs on land, typically consuming a terrestrial ecosystem as fuel. environmental_hazards land fire A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. envoAtmo "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." convective storm An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Convective_storm http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. mid-latitude cyclone environmental_hazards "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." extra-tropical cyclone A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. environmental_hazards envoAtmo tropical storm A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre. environmental_hazards envoAtmo cyclone An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. warm-core cyclone environmental_hazards The threshold of what is "warm" is variable, and thus data-level thresholding should be applied when using this class. warm core cyclone A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone A gaseous part of an atmosphere in which gases have reduced atmospheric pressure. Air is not specified directly (although the definition subsumes air masses) to allow for other forms of low pressure areas in planetary atmospheres. area of low atmospheric pressure A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. envoMarine envoPolar aquatic estuarine layer A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:595 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/595.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal surface layer A role which is may be realised by an environmental system ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar Experimental class. environmental role An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis cienaga oasis A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 envoPolar vegetated area An environment which is determined by a bone element. envoMeo bone element environment A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:596 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/596.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal upper water column A pycnocline which is part of an estuarine water body, spanning from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:597 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/597.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal pycnocline A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:598 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/598.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal lower water column A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:599 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/599.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water surface layer A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:600 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/600.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water upper water column A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:603 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/603.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal surface layer A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:604 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/604.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal upper water column A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body A body of water which is primarily composed of freshwater, with low solute content. LTER:216 fresh body of water freshwater body This class has its subclasses primarily populated by inference. The threshold for what constitutes "fresh" water is variable and should typically be deferred to an applicatoin layer resource. fresh water body LTER:216 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=216&/freshwater A body of water which is primarily composed of brackish water. brackish body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. brackish water body A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:602 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/602.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water lower water column A pycnocline which is part of an estuarine water body, spanning from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:601 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/601.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water pycnocline An estuarine coastal pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine coastal pycnocline. CMECS:605 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/605.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal pycnocline A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:606 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/606.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal lower water column A layer of fresh, tidal estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:607 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/607.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water surface layer A layer of fresh, tidal estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:608 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/608.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water upper water column An estuarine open water pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine open water pycnocline. CMECS:609 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/609.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water pycnocline A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:610 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/610.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water lower water column A biogeochemical cycle which has nitrogen-bearing chemical entities as participants. nitrogen cycle envoPolar nitrogen cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has sulfur-bearing chemical entities as participants. sulphur cycling sulfur cycle envoPolar sulfur cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has phosphorous-bearing chemical entities as participants. phosphorous cycle envoPolar phosphorous cycling A tidal flow process which occurs in an ocean or sea and during which tidal movements generate advective flows, often amplified in velocity when moving through an inlet, pass or channel. CMECS:643 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. marine tidal flow process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. bottom-fast ice anchor ice An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice A marine current which is maintained by a tidal flow process. marine tidal current envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to an ambiguously defined unit of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS), "Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html). In CMECS, this is treated as a hydroform, but is defined as a process (while some of its subclasses are not). In ENVO, we have aligned the CMECS unit according to its definition as a process (ENVO:01001333); however, we maintain this class to allow reference to the hydroform maintained by that process. marine tidal flow Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. riverine bottom-fast ice riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice A marine zone in which ocean waters undergo a diurnal (once per day) tidal oscillation - with one high and one low tide per day - due to the supression of a second daily oscillation by the geometry of the ocean basin and obstructions presented by land masses. CMECS:664 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO_01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow zone A tidal flow process which occurs once per day in ocean waters where a second daily oscillation is blocked by land masses or ocean basin geometry. diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 664 "Diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:664 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001338 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow process A marine tidal flow zone in which ocean waters undergo a semi-diurnal (twice per day) tidal oscillation - with two high and two low tides per day of roughly equal amplitude. CMECS:666 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html semi-diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO:01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow zone An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). envoCmecs envoMarine marine tidal flow zone An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine tidal flow process A marine tidal flow process which occurs twice per day, resulting in two high and two low tides per day, both of roughly equal amplitude. semi-diurnal tidal flow envoCmecs envoMarine This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 666 "Semi-diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:666 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001340 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow process Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. fresh water seep riverine anchor ice fresh water seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice An ice mass which is suspended in a water body, being sufficiently buoyant for part of the mass to breach the surface of that water body. floating ice mass An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. equilibrium limit equilibrium line firn limit firn line glacial equlibrium line A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic/issues/12 https://www.americangeosciences.org/pubs/glossary A zone in which the deposition and accumulation of an environmental material occurs. accumulation zone material accumulation zone A zone in which processes resulting in the removal of one or more environmental materials have higher rates than pocesses which result in their deposition and accumulation. decumulation zone material decumulation zone A material accumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes exceed those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net icrease in some mass of ice. accumulation area area of ice gain ice accumulation area ice gain zone zone of ice gain ice accumulation zone A material decumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes are below those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net decrease in some mass of ice. area of ice loss ice decumulation area ice loss zone zone of ice loss ice decumulation zone An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic accumulation area http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AccumulationZone area of glacial ice gain glacial ice accumulation area glacial ice gain zone zone of glacial ice gain This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. glacial ice accumulation zone An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An environmental zone in which the rates of two or more processes are roughly equal to one another. environmental zone of processual equilibrium QCR: 'contains process' min 2 'environmental system process' A glacier which is contained in the site bounded by a volcanic crater. crater glacier volcanic crater glacier The site which is located in a crater. crater zone The site which is located in a volcanic crater. volcanic crater zone A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. hydroclimate A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydroclimate An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. atmospheric aerosolised particle formation event An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. Paramo An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. atmospheric wind direction A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_direction The speed of an atmospheric wind. flow velocity of wind speed of wind wind flow velocity wind speed speed of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind speed The speed of an atmospheric wind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. Niederschlagsmenge precipitation amount precipitation precipitation level precipitation quantity While the precipitated material may be water in any of its forms, the volume that this class refers to is that of liquid water. volume of hydrological precipitation The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing climate system A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/604 https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere atmospheric formation of an aerosol formation of an aerosol in an atmosphere formation of an aerosol in the atmosphere formation of particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere envoAtmo atmospheric secondary aerosol formation process A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process envoAtmo aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. secondary aerosol formation envoAtmo secondary aerosol formation process An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A shrubland biome which is densely vegetated by dwarf or short mangroves (and associates) that are generally less than 6 meters in height, is tidally influenced, is located in tropical or subtropical areas. CMECS:577 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/577.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. CMECS provides the following notes: "Commonly found on intertidal mud flats along the shores of estuaries. Tidal mangrove shrublands may include immature stands or stunted mature trees that indicate a harsh growing environment. Areas characterized by tall mangroves (> 6 meters) are placed in the Tidal Mangrove Forest Biotic Group. Where tidal amplitude is relatively low, the vegetation forms narrow bands along the coastal plains, and it rarely penetrates inland more than several kilometers along rivers. Where tidal amplitude is greater, mangroves extend further inland along river courses, forming extensive stands in the major river deltas. Also, mangrove cays may occur within the lagoon complex of barrier reefs. The list of biotic communities for this group is long: a few examples are provided below, and the complete list is available in Appendix F" tidal mangrove shrubland An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. SPIRE:Tundra envoPolar Tundra ecosysems are often underlaid by permafrost, with the result that drainage is bad and the soil may be saturated for long periods. It does not have a permanent snow-ice cover. Productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. tundra ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. This definition is a synthesis of the following sources: NSIDC Glossary accessed 2016, IPCC WGII AR5 2014, Van Everdingen International Permafrost Association 2005, AMS - glossary of meteorology, PhysicalGeography.net A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. SPIRE:Tundra http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra envoPolar alpine tundra ecosystem A tundra ecosystem which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. envoAtmo This is similar to the semantics of storms, where increased rates are observed due to external forcings. aerosolised particle formation event An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 A secondary aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere at an increased rate relative to background processes of the same kind. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere atmospheric new particle formation event envoAtmo Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. secondary atmospheric aerosol formation event A secondary aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere at an increased rate relative to background processes of the same kind. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 A physical quality which inheres in a marine water body by virtue of the height, wavelength, period, and directional energy flux of its waves which evolve into swell through nonlinear dynamics. http://www.goosocean.org/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=34494&version=1.0&lang=1&format=1 ocean state envoEOVs envoMarine sea state A variability quality which inheres in sea ice, particularly in its concentration, area and extent, type, motion, deformation, age, thickness, and volume. http://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17464 envoEOVs envoMarine The EOV specification sheet is simply titled as "sea ice", but the description of the EOV is of the variability of sea ice. sea ice variability A marine bed which is covered by animals which have benthic habitats, including attached, clinging, sessile, infaunal, burrowing, laying, interstitial, and slow-moving animals, but not animals that have created substrate. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. faunal bed CMECS:391 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/391.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. An excerpt of the CMECS description: "Faunal Beds are highly dependent on substrate type. Individual species and entire biotic communities have adapted specialized anatomies and behaviors for survival on hard substrates; other species and communities have specialized and developed adaptations for life on soft substrates. Generalist fauna also occur (e.g., certain holothurians, crustaceans, and sponges) that can succeed on both substrate types. However, substrate type is such a defining aspect of the Faunal Bed class that CMECS Faunal Bed subclasses are assigned as physical-biological associations involving both biota and substrate." marine faunal bed A elevation quality which inheres in a marine water body by virtue of the position of that water body's surface layer (adjacent to an atmosphere) relative to some reference elevation. http://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17465 envoEOVs envoMarine sea surface height A submerged bed which underlies a marine water body. sea bottom marine bed A marine faunal bed which is dominated by mussels of the Mytilus or Modiolus genera either 1) resting on the sediment surface, 2) partially embedded in the sediment, 3) attached to conspecifics (by using their byssal threads), or 4) attached to a piece of gravel in slightly gravelly fine sediments. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. An excerpt of the CMECS description: "Faunal Beds are highly dependent on substrate type. Individual species and entire biotic communities have adapted specialized anatomies and behaviors for survival on hard substrates; other species and communities have specialized and developed adaptations for life on soft substrates. Generalist fauna also occur (e.g., certain holothurians, crustaceans, and sponges) that can succeed on both substrate types. However, substrate type is such a defining aspect of the Faunal Bed class that CMECS Faunal Bed subclasses are assigned as physical-biological associations involving both biota and substrate." mussel bed A marine reef which is located on a shelf (i.e. in the neritic zone) and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. The CMECs classification references shelf reefs in the definition. Thus this term is focused only on mussel reefs that are neritic. CMECS:338 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/338.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. neritic mussel reef A marine reef which is present in the depths beyond (offshore relative to) the continental shelf and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. oceanic mussel reef substrate envoCmecs envoMarine This class is an extension of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). It provides an oceanic analogue to the neritic mussel reef class (CMECS:338). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. oceanic mussel reef An area which is dominated by dense accumulations of mussels attached to a substrate other than conspecifics, including the associated faunal communities and predators present on the mussels (e.g., starfish). attached mussels (biotic group) CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/515.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. From the CMECs definition: "Areas where mussels have constructed substrate are classified as Mussel Reef. Areas where mussels are not attached to a hard substrate are classified as Soft Sediment Fauna, Mussel Bed." area of attached mussel assemblages An area which is dominated by dense accumulations of mussels, of the genus Modiolus, attached to a substrate other than conspecifics, including the associated faunal communities and predators present on the mussels (e.g., starfish). CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/883.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. From the CMECs definition: "Areas where mussels have constructed substrate are classified as Mussel Reef. Areas where mussels are not attached to a hard substrate are classified as Soft Sediment Fauna, Mussel Bed." area of attached Modiolus assemblages An environmental zone within which ecological communities of animals are attached to some substrate. area of attached faunal communities An oceanic mussel reef which is primarily settled by mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel reef substrate envoCmecs envoMarine This class is an extension of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). It provides an oceanic analogue to the neritic mussel reef class (CMECS:338), with a focus on Bathymodiolus communities. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel reef A marine reef which is primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. The CMECs classification references shelf reefs in the definition. Thus this term is focused only on mussel reefs that are neritic. mussel reef substrate CMECS:338 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/338.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. mussel reef An oceanic mussel reef which is primarily settled by mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells obsolete Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel bed true A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions beyond (offshore to) a continental shelf. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. oceanic mussel bed A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions that are part of a continental shelf. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html envoCmecs envoMarine This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. neritic mussel bed An oceanic mussel bed which has mussel communities dominated by members of the genus Bathymodiolus. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. envoCmecs envoMarine This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel bed An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material Gill tissue material which is part of salt-water mussel in the family Mytilidae mussel gill tissue material Mussel gill tissue material which is part of a member of the genus Bathymodiolus. Bathymodiolus gill tissue material envoAtmo A material accumulation process during which the solid or liquid parts of an aerosol increase in mass due to mechanical aggregation of existing particles or through chemical conversion of gas-phase material. accumulation of matter on aerosolised particles Biomass which is composed primarily of dead organisms, their parts, or their organic derivatives. dead biological matter dead biomass necromass Clay which is part of an abyssal plain. abyssal clay A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. red clay soil The word "ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation. ultisol A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol The word "ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol A primary aerosol formation process during which dust particles are suspended in a gaseous medium. aerosolisation of dust A process during which dust is aerosolised in an atmosphere. dust event atmospheric aerosolisation of dust An aeroform which is formed as a result of strong upper winds spreading a cirrus homogenitus cloud in the atmosphere and, in turn, causing internal tranformations which result in the cloud taking on the appearnce of natural cirri-form clouds. envoAtmo Once these clouds resemble natural cirri-form clouds (Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus), they are classified as such. homomutatus cloud An aeroform which is formed as a result of strong upper winds spreading a cirrus homogenitus cloud in the atmosphere and, in turn, causing internal tranformations which result in the cloud taking on the appearnce of natural cirri-form clouds. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homomutatus.html An environmental process during which a haze is formed by the aerosolisation of solid particles, including natural materials and anthropogenic pollutants, in an atmosphere. haze formation process An environmental process during which a haze is formed by the aerosolisation of solid particles, including natural materials and anthropogenic pollutants, in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze An aersolised mass of dust, smoke, or other dry particulates which scatters visible light thus obsscuring visibility through an atmosphere. envoAtmo haze An aersolised mass of dust, smoke, or other dry particulates which scatters visible light thus obsscuring visibility through an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze A haze formation process which has an increased rate relative to that which is usually present in a given site. haze formation event A haze formation process which has an increased rate relative to that which is usually present in a given site. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze An ecosystem which is of larger scale than an ecoregion and which includes smaller ecosystems determined by the presence of ecological assemblages that have at least some cohesion over evolutionary time frames. Assemblages within provinces will show endemism, principally at the level of species. While this may be partly explained by historical isolation, abiotic environmental features and coniditions will play a strong role. These may include geomorphological features (isolated island and shelf systems, semi-enclosed seas); hydrographic features (currents, upwellings, ice dynamics); or geochemical influences (broadest-scale elements of nutrient supply and salinity).” Examples include Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific, Tropical Northwestern Atlantic, and Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific. ecological province An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. laboratory environment A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. research laboratory laboratory facility A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory A cloud which 1) has been shaped into structural elements resembling grains or ripples, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cc Cirrocumulus-Wolke Hohe Schäfchenwolke Zirrokumulus envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas When present in aggregates, individual cirrocumulus clouds are merged or separate, and regularly arranged in a thin patch, sheet or layer. Most of the small structural elements have an apparent width of less than one degree. Strongly supercooled water droplets may occur but are usually rapidly replaced by ice crystals. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrocumulus clouds appear white. Absence of any precipitation. cirrocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into structural elements resembling grains or ripples, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a smooth or fibrous veil, 2) is composed of few small ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cs Cirrostratus Hohe Schleierwolke Zirrostratus envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas Cirrostratus clouds totally or partly cover the sky and are always thin enough to show the disc of the local star. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrostratus clouds appear transparent or whitish. Cirrostratus clouds generally produce halo phenomena; sometimes the veil of cirrostratus is so thin that a halo provides the only indication of its presence. Absence of any precipitation. cirrostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a smooth or fibrous veil, 2) is composed of few small ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). A cloud which 1) has been shaped into laminae, rounded masses or rolls, 2) is exclusively composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). This definition is very odd, it seems to allow for such a wide range of variation that the boundaries of this class become suspect. Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Ac Altocumulus-Wolke Grobe Schäfchenwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas Altocumulus clouds are sometimes fibrous or diffuse and may or may not be merged. When present in aggregates, individual altocumulus clouds are organised in patches, sheets or layers. Most of the regularly arranged small elements in this cloud type often have an apparent width of between one and five degrees. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) altocumulus clouds appear white, grey, or both white and grey, often with shading. The composition of altocumulus clouds leads to low transparency and sharp outlines of the elements. Absence of any precipitation. altocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into laminae, rounded masses or rolls, 2) is exclusively composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a striated, fibrous, or uniform sheet or layer, 2) is composed of water droplets and ice crystals, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. As Altostratus-Wolke Mittelhohe Schichtwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas Striation occurs in the form of grooves or channels in cloud formations, arranged parallel to the flow of the air. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) altostratus clouds appear greyish or bluish. Altostratus clouds do not show halo phenomena when scattering visible range stellar radiation. Altostratus clouds have parts thin enough to reveal the local star at least vaguely, as through ground glass or frosted glass. Altostratus may produce rain, snow or ice pellets. Altostratus is usually found in the middle level, but it often extends higher. Altostratus is generally a layer of great horizontal extent (several tens or hundreds of kilometres) and fairly considerable vertical extent (several hundreds or thousands of metres). In the most complete case, three superposed parts can be distinguished: (a) An upper part, composed wholly or mainly of ice crystals, (b) A middle part, composed of a mixture of ice crystals, snow crystals or snowflakes and supercooled water droplets, (c) A lower part, composed wholly or mainly of ordinary or supercooled water droplets or drops. Sometimes the cloud may consist of only two parts, either: 1) An upper part like (a) above and a lower part like (c) or, 2) An upper part like (b) and a lower part like (c). Less frequently, the entire cloud may also be like (a) or like (b) alone. altostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a striated, fibrous, or uniform sheet or layer, 2) is composed of water droplets and ice crystals, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer, 2) is composed of water droplets (sometimes supercooled) and raindrops, or snow crystals and snowflakes, or of a mixture of these liquid and solid particles, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). Ns Nimbostratus-Wolke Regen-schichtwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas Low, ragged clouds frequently occur below the nimbostratus layer, with which they may or may not merge. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) nimbostratus clouds appear grey, often dark grey in colour. Nimbostratus clouds usually have no discernible base. Nimbostratus generally covers a wide area and is of great vertical extent. Nimbostratus is diffused by more or less continuously falling rain or snow or ice pellets, which in most cases reaches the ground. Sometimes nimbostratus clouds have the appearance of being illuminated from the inside. Nimbostratus is almost always found in the middle level, but it usually extends into the other two levels. Nimbostratus is thick enough throughout to blot out the local star. nimbostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer, 2) is composed of water droplets (sometimes supercooled) and raindrops, or snow crystals and snowflakes, or of a mixture of these liquid and solid particles, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). A cloud which 1) has been shaped into non-fibrous tessellations, rounded masses, or rolls, 2) is primarily composed of water droplets, and may contain raindrops or, more rarely, snow pellets, snow crystals and snowflakes, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Sc Haufenschichtwolke Stratocumulus-Wolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas When present in aggregates, individual stratocumulus clouds are organised in patches, sheets or layers. Most of the regularly arranged small elements in this cloud type often have an apparent width of more than five degrees. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) stratocumulus clouds appear grey or whitish, or both grey and whitish in colour. The cloud almost always has dark parts. Fibrous structural elements may emerge when virga is formed. Stratocumulus can have weak falls of rain, snow or snow pellets. Stratocumulus may also be shaped into structural elements which are similar to but do not exactly resemble the ones noted in the definition. stratocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into non-fibrous tessellations, rounded masses, or rolls, 2) is primarily composed of water droplets, and may contain raindrops or, more rarely, snow pellets, snow crystals and snowflakes, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer with a fairly uniform base or, less frequently, ragged patches, 2) is composed of small water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). St Stratus-Wolke niedere Schichtwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) stratus appears grey in colour. Stratus clouds only produce halo phenomena at very low temperatures. Stratus can have weak falls of drizzle, snow or snow grains. Stratus may allow a clearly visible outline of the local star to be seen through its mass. stratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer with a fairly uniform base or, less frequently, ragged patches, 2) is composed of small water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). A cloud which 1) has been shaped into rising mounds, domes, or towers with a bulging upper part resembling a cauliflower and a near horizontal or ragged base, 2) is mainly composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Note that the domed quality refers to the cauliflower shape (which is itself a variant of domed). This should be replaced with cauliflower shaped once in ENVO. Cu Cumuluswolke Haufenwolke Kumuluswolke Quellwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cumulus has has brilliant white sunlit parts and a dark grey base. Cumulus clouds have sharp outlines. When of great vertical extent, cumulus may release precipitation in the form of showers of rain, snow or snow pellets. Cumulus clouds usually have their bases in the low atmospheric level (low étage), but their vertical extent is often so great that their tops may reach into the middle and high atmospheric levels (middle and high étage). cumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into rising mounds, domes, or towers with a bulging upper part resembling a cauliflower and a near horizontal or ragged base, 2) is mainly composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). A cloud which is formed by condensation events triggered by some anthropogenic processes or the outputs thereof, such as aircraft contrails or emissions from chimneys. envoAtmo homogenitus cloud A cloud which is formed by condensation events triggered by some anthropogenic processes or the outputs thereof, such as aircraft contrails or emissions from chimneys. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homogenitus.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A mining process during which materials are extracted from benthic environments deep below the ocean surface, where no stellar radiation reaches.. deep seafloor mining deep-seafloor mining "The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England." benthic deep-sea mining A mining process during which materials are extracted from benthic environments deep below the ocean surface, where no stellar radiation reaches.. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14956 "The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England." https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14956 A cloud which develop locally over forests as a result of increased humidity due to evaporation and evapotranspiration from the tree canopy. envoAtmo These special clouds will be given the name of the appropriate genus, followed by any appropriate species, variety and supplementary feature, and followed by the special cloud name “silvagenitus” (for example, Stratus silvagenitus). silvagenitus cloud A cloud which develop locally over forests as a result of increased humidity due to evaporation and evapotranspiration from the tree canopy. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/silvagenitus.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cirrus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'fibratus', applies mainly to clouds of the Cirrus and Cirrostratus genera cirrus fibratus cloud A cirrus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-fibratus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere. Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cb Cumulonibus-Wolke Gewitterwolke envoAtmo envoCloudAtlas Cumulonimbus clouds have a very dark base which may be merged with low ragged clouds which frequently form underneath this cloud. The upper portion may be smooth, fibrous, or striated. Cumulonimbus also contains large raindrops and, often, snowflakes, snow pellets or hailstones. The water droplets and raindrops may be substantially supercooled. Cumulonimbus is frequently associated with precipitation, sometimes in the form of virga. Cumulonimbus is often accompanied by lightning, thunder or hail. Cumulonimbus usually have their bases in the low level, but their vertical extent is often so great that their tops may reach into the middle and high levels. cumulonimbus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere. A mining process during which materials are extracted from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. sea bed mining A mining process during which materials are extracted from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7500 A cirrus cloud which does not have grey parts and which is often shaped like a comma, terminating at its highest point in a hook, or in a tuft, the upper part of which is not in the form of a rounded protuberance. envoAtmo cirrus uncinus cloud A cirrus cloud which does not have grey parts and which is often shaped like a comma, terminating at its highest point in a hook, or in a tuft, the upper part of which is not in the form of a rounded protuberance. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-uncinus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) is structurally organised in patches, 2) is sufficiently dense to appear greyish when viewed towards the local star and 3) may veil, the local star, obscure its outline, or even hide it entirely. envoAtmo Cirrus spissatus often originates from the upper part of a Cumulonimbus. cirrus spissatus cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) is structurally organised in patches, 2) is sufficiently dense to appear greyish when viewed towards the local star and 3) may veil, the local star, obscure its outline, or even hide it entirely. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-spissatus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cirrostratus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'fibratus', applies mainly to clouds of the Cirrus and Cirrostratus genera cirrostratus fibratus cloud A cirrostratus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-fibratus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A stratocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. stratocumulus castellanus cloud A stratocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. cirrus castellanus cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cirrocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. cirrocumulus castellanus cloud A cirrocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud An altocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. envoAtmo The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. altocumulus castellanus cloud An altocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud A cloud which is primarily composed of water-based aerosols. cloud mass envoAtmo On Earth clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere when air cools or gains water vapor. Note that this class describes clouds as countable objects, rather than 'cloud material'. It also refers only to clouds made up of a water-based material. water-based cloud A cloud which is primarily composed of water-based aerosols. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/introduction-and-principles-of-cloud-classification.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use A land use process during which humans access and manage forest ecosystems for 1) the provisioning of wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation as well as a broad range of other ecosystem services or 2) the maintenance of the forest ecosystem's health. "Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as 'sinks' for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Other common terms are: a verderer, or a silviculturalist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry." forestry A land use process during which humans access and manage forest ecosystems for 1) the provisioning of wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation as well as a broad range of other ecosystem services or 2) the maintenance of the forest ecosystem's health. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3439 "Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as 'sinks' for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Other common terms are: a verderer, or a silviculturalist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. mining terrestrial mining A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process Deforestation which is planned and executed by humans. planned deforestation Deforestation which is planned and executed by humans. A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. mining A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 A mining process during which rock or mineral deposits are extracted from the terrestrial surface layers of an astronomical body. quarrying A mining process during which rock or mineral deposits are extracted from the terrestrial surface layers of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6870 A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. marine mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1507 A mining process during which metal ores and minerals that lie near the terrestrial surface of an astronomical body are extracted by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. openpit mining strip mining opencast mining A mining process during which metal ores and minerals that lie near the terrestrial surface of an astronomical body are extracted by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/5874 A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." agriculture A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf A planned environmental usage process during which humans access an environment in order to promote the refreshment of their physical and psychological health through relaxation and leisure activities. leisure recreation usage of an environment for recreation A planned environmental usage process during which humans access an environment in order to promote the refreshment of their physical and psychological health through relaxation and leisure activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7001 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. transportation usage of an environment for transportation A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/8641 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4321 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6822 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7143 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. Services include those provided by health care facilities, places of religious worship, educational facilities, police stations, fire stations, coastguard facilities, public sanitation, non-human animal welfare services, detention services, and other public services. usage of an environment for community and social services A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7816 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. This class includes activities carried out in shops, showrooms, cafes, travel agents, hairdressers, facilities providing financial and professional services, restaurants, public houses, and bars. usage of an environment for retail activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7193 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports activities which aim to protect citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. This class includes activities carried out in defence establishments, including camps, airfields, and live firing training areas. It excludes sites where defence personnel reside, such as barracks. usage of an environment for defence A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports activities which aim to protect citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2031 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1084 A habitat which supports the persistence and growth of a population of Calyptra moths and which overlaps mesic meadows and edges and clearings in vegetated areas. vampire moth habitat Calyptra habitat A mountain which is located on land and which is bounded by an atmosphere or outer space. terrestrial mountain A mountain that is part of a polar environment. envoPolar polar mountain A mountain that is part of a polar environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains A mountain that is part of a temperate environment. temperate mountain A mountain that is part of a temperate environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains A mountain that is part of a tropical environment. tropical mountain A mountain that is part of a tropical environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains A montane forest ecosystem which 1) is evergreen, 2) present on mountains where there is frequent cloud and mist cover, 3) which has a large proportion of ferns and mosses in its plant communities, growing on all tree trunks and branches present in the ecosystem, and 3) harvests aerosolised water and adds it to the terrestrial water supply. tropical montane cloud forest cloud forest A montane forest ecosystem which 1) is evergreen, 2) present on mountains where there is frequent cloud and mist cover, 3) which has a large proportion of ferns and mosses in its plant communities, growing on all tree trunks and branches present in the ecosystem, and 3) harvests aerosolised water and adds it to the terrestrial water supply. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains A visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface, formed when humid air cools rapidly. This class refers only to mist formed by materials primarily composed of water. Mist is less dense than fog, and visibility is typically greater than one kilometre. mist A visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface, formed when humid air cools rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mist A mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 2500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 On Earth, mountains in this category cross the atmospheric oxycline above which oxygen concentrations fall below the physiological tolerance threshold of most humans. Note that the threshold elevations are inconsistent between the various reports which list this classification: while some have overlapping thresholds, others are non-overlapping. The latter model is used in ENVO for coherence and to adhere to the Kapos et al. 2000 reference. high-elevation mountain A mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 2500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 http://www.wikialps.eu/doku.php?id=wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 On Earth, mountains in this category are below the atmospheric oxycline above which oxygen concentrations fall below the physiological tolerance threshold of most humans. Note that the threshold elevations are inconsistent between the various reports which list this classification: while some have overlapping thresholds, others are non-overlapping. The latter model is used in ENVO for coherence and to adhere to the Kapos et al. 2000 reference. mid-elevation mountain A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 http://www.wikialps.eu/doku.php?id=wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 4500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 1 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 4500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 3500 and 4500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 2 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 3500 and 4500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 2500 and 3500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 3 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 2500 and 3500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1500 and 2499 metres above sea level and a slope greater than or equal to two degrees. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 4 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1500 and 2499 metres above sea level and a slope greater than or equal to two degrees. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1000 and 1499 metres above sea level and either 1) a slope greater than or equal to five degrees or 2) a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 5 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1000 and 1499 metres above sea level and either 1) a slope greater than or equal to five degrees or 2) a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 999 metres above sea level and a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 6 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 999 metres above sea level and a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 An elevated inner basin or plateau surrounded by mountains, but not - itself - a mountain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 This is an odd class, as it's not a mountain in itself but is used to classify elevated basins and plateaus surrounded by mountains. UNEP-WCMC class 7 mountain An elevated inner basin or plateau surrounded by mountains, but not - itself - a mountain. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 An ecosystem which overlaps those areas of the foreshore and seabed that are exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 LTER:941 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone littoral zone These semantics link with those of environmental zones. Use this class to refer to the ecosystem rather than the area that it occupies. intertidal ecosystem An ecosystem which overlaps those areas of the foreshore and seabed that are exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone LTER:941 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=941&/intertidal IntertidalZone NASA:earthrealm A system of constructed and manufactured products which are used by humans to produce data, information, or knowledge about material, immaterial, or processual entities. observing system An observing system which generates long-term data about one or more entities of interest, typically using standardised methodology. observatory system atmospheric observatory system marine observatory system terrestrial observatory system astronomical observatory system An observatory system which includes components used to generate (meta)genomic, (meta)transcriptomic, (meta)proteomic, metabolomic, and other omic data, information, and knowledge. omics observatory system An observatory system which includes components used to generate (meta)genomic, (meta)transcriptomic, (meta)proteomic, metabolomic, and other omic data, information, and knowledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-217X-3-2 https://glomicon.org A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building A prison facility which is owned and operated by a state. 2018-10-04T14:07:10Z correctional facility public correctional center public correctional centre public correctional facility public detention center public detention centre public gaol public jail public lock-up public penitentiary public remand center public remand centre detention center gaol jail penitentiary remand center public prison A prison facility which is owned and operated by a state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison A tornado is an aeroform consisting of at least one rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of an astronomical body and pendant from within or beneath a cumulonimbus or cumulus cloud. 2018-10-04T16:52:06Z twister cyclone whirlwind This class refers to tornados on Earth, but can be used as the basis for a more generalised class for tornados which a composed of gaseous materials other than air. tornado A tornado is an aeroform consisting of at least one rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of an astronomical body and pendant from within or beneath a cumulonimbus or cumulus cloud. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body A fire whirl is a whirlwind induced by the contraction and rotation of intense, rising heat and turbulent, eddying air masses resulting from a large fire and made up of a core of burning matter surrounded by a rotating pocket of air. 2018-10-04T16:59:07Z fire devil fire swirl fire tornado fire twister firenado Note that this not a sublcass of "tornado": this is a different phenomenon formed as a result of convection induced by fire. fire whirl A fire whirl is a whirlwind induced by the contraction and rotation of intense, rising heat and turbulent, eddying air masses resulting from a large fire and made up of a core of burning matter surrounded by a rotating pocket of air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_whirl A tornado which comprises two or more columns of spinning air rotating about their own axis and at the same time around a common center. 2018-10-04T19:00:49Z multiple vortex tornado A tornado which comprises two or more columns of spinning air rotating about their own axis and at the same time around a common center. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado A tornado which a) is not associated with a mesocyclone and is thus relatively weak and short-lived, b) is centred on a small, smooth condensation funnel which often does not reach the planetary surface, and c) forms a distinctively laminar cloud of dust when it makes contact with the land. 2018-10-04T19:01:01Z dust-tube tornado fair weather waterspout on land land spout landspout A tornado which a) is not associated with a mesocyclone and is thus relatively weak and short-lived, b) is centred on a small, smooth condensation funnel which often does not reach the planetary surface, and c) forms a distinctively laminar cloud of dust when it makes contact with the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado A tornado which connects a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud to a body of water, often transporting water from that water body along the spiraling winds constituting its vortex. 2018-10-04T19:01:17Z water spout Wikipedia notes that there is disagreement over whether to classify waterspouts as true tornadoes. waterspout A tornado which connects a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud to a body of water, often transporting water from that water body along the spiraling winds constituting its vortex. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft A slope of land descending laterally from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge. 2018-10-05T18:54:23Z FTT:1177 Geonames:T.SPUR TGN:21366 spurs (physiographic) spur A slope of land descending laterally from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spur_(topography) spurs (physiographic) ADL:FTT A mass of environmental material which has been formed as the result of its transport into an existing mass of another material. 2018-10-05T20:04:26Z intrusion An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z flattened elevation A remote sensing process during which image data about an astronomical body or object is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. 2018-10-09T14:59:51Z satellite imaging A remote sensing process during which image data about an astronomical body or object is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagery A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. 2018-10-09T15:05:27Z satellite imaging of a planet A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagery 2018-10-15T19:08:51Z moonmoon Dioxygen which is the solute in a solution with ocean water as its solvent. 2018-11-10T15:49:02Z dissolved oxygen oceanic oxygen oxygen envoEOVs envoMarine dioxygen dissolved in marine water oxygen This is the label that GOOS uses in its EOV specification sheet, found here: https://www.goosocean.org/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=35904&version=2.0&lang=1&format=1 A macronutrient role which inheres in nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, ammonium, silicon, or phosphate dissolved in ocean water. 2018-11-10T15:57:28Z envoEOVs envoMarine inorganic macronutrient dissolved in ocean water A system which is composed of carbon-based chemical entities dissolved in or otherwise part of an ocean or sea and the atmosphere adjacent to it, undergoing constant exchange through biogeochemical cycling. 2018-11-11T00:03:08Z carbonate system of the sea marine carbonate system envoEOVs envoMarine To measure the state and dynamics of the ocean's carbonate system, at least two of the following qualities must be measured: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and pH. carbonate system of ocean water A process by which landforms are formed from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ground ice. 2018-11-20T18:20:02Z thermokarst Landforms found in Thermokarst terrain include alases, thermokarst lakes, and thermokarst mounds. Landscape dominated by depressions, pits, and caves that is created by the thawing of ground ice in high latitude locations. Resembles karst landscape but is not created by chemical weathering. thermokarst formation process A process by which landforms are formed from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ground ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An active ecosystem management process which targets an agricultural ecosystem. 2018-12-18T13:53:17Z agri-ecosystem management Agrarumweltmaßnahme agri-environmental management agricultural environment management active agri-ecosystem management process Agrarumweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 INTERNAS:WS2 www.awi.de/internas A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. anthropogenic light pollution Lichtverschmutzung INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation environmental_hazards envoAstro radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. A solid surface layer which is that part of a glacier in contact with a planetary atmosphere, water body, or solid material partially surrounding that glacier. 2019-01-14T15:39:35Z glacier surface glacial surface layer A velocity quality which inheres in the surface layer of a glacier. 2019-01-14T15:42:21Z glacier surface layer velocity glacier surface velocity glacial surface layer velocity A tundra biome which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation - dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, a few grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses - is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. 2019-01-14T16:26:18Z SPIRE:Tundra http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra mountain tundra envoPolar The absence of trees in this biome is primarily due to high altitude rather than high latitude. On Earth, it lies roughly between the summer isotherm of 10 degrees Centigrade and the snow line. Primary productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. alpine tundra biome A tundra biome which exists at high altitudes and where vegetation - dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, a few grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses - is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra mountain tundra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The absence of trees in this biome is primarily due to high altitude rather than high latitude. On Earth, it lies roughly between the summer isotherm of 10 degrees Centigrade and the snow line. Primary productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. 2019-01-14T16:45:23Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf calved ice This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. ice calf An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice calf which is suspended in a water mass, being partially exposed to an atmosphere. 2019-01-14T16:49:42Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf floating ice calf An ice calf which is suspended in a water mass, being partially exposed to an atmosphere. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice calf which is frozen to the bed of an ocean or other water body. 2019-01-14T16:50:13Z anchored ice calf An ice calf which is frozen to the bed of an ocean or other water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice calf which rests on land. 2019-01-14T16:51:34Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf terrestrial ice calf An ice calf which rests on land. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation 2019-01-14T18:55:42Z Water ice which is formed by the freezing of fresh water. freshwater ice Sea ice which 1) has formed on the submerged surface (i.e. the base) of an existing mass of sea ice and 2) is composed of columnar crystals due to the downward growth of the crystals into the water. 2019-01-14T18:56:29Z black ice Congelation ice usually forms through the fusion/coalescence of platelets into solid ice. congelation sea ice Sea ice which 1) has formed on the submerged surface (i.e. the base) of an existing mass of sea ice and 2) is composed of columnar crystals due to the downward growth of the crystals into the water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 black ice Common in limnology, but frequently used in other contexts (e.g. on roads). Water ice which has formed in a mass of permafrost. 2019-01-14T19:11:56Z permafrost congelation ice Water ice which has formed in a mass of permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Freshwater ice which forms downward from the surface of a freshwater water body and is transparent due to a reduced number of air bubbles trapped in its mass. 2019-01-14T19:18:06Z black ice congelation ice in a fresh water body Freshwater ice which forms downward from the surface of a freshwater water body and is transparent due to a reduced number of air bubbles trapped in its mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice Freshwater ice which forms on a solid substrate through the freezing of freshwater. 2019-01-14T19:25:08Z freshwater congelation ice Freshwater ice which forms on a solid substrate through the freezing of freshwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice Freshwater congelation ice which has formed on a solid substrate in an ice cave. 2019-01-14T19:25:08Z 2019-01-14T19:27:40Z ice cave congelation ice Freshwater congelation ice which has formed on a solid substrate in an ice cave. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257694900_A_process-based_classification_of_alpine_ice_caves A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. 2019-01-14T19:46:20Z drift ice http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. drift ice mass A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. 2019-01-14T19:50:54Z drift ice http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce drifting sea ice mass A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 drift ice Researchers of sea ice typically refer to this class simply as "drift ice". An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover a minimum of 7/10ths-8/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. 2019-01-14T20:02:00Z area of pack ice An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover a minimum of 7/10ths-8/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An environmental zone that overlaps that part of a water body covered or partially covered by sea ice. 2019-01-14T20:02:00Z 2019-01-14T20:03:25Z area with sea ice area of sea ice An environmental zone that overlaps that part of a water body covered or partially covered by sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover less than 7/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. 2019-01-14T20:38:34Z area of drift ice An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover less than 7/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. 2019-01-14T20:41:13Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FastIce Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. fast ice A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Small, needle-like (spicules), plate-like, or discoid crystals derived from nearly pure fresh water, suspended in a water body. Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. 2019-01-14T21:09:21Z frazil crystals needle ice envoPolar Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These may form in both marine water and fresh water. They represent the first stages of sea ice growth; they merge under calm conditions to form thin sheets of ice on the surface (frazil ice), and consist of nearly pure fresh water. In fresh water, they form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice. This is most common in swiftly flowing streams. They may accumulate as anchor ice on submerged objects obstructing the water flow. frazil Small, needle-like (spicules), plate-like, or discoid crystals derived from nearly pure fresh water, suspended in a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These may form in both marine water and fresh water. They represent the first stages of sea ice growth; they merge under calm conditions to form thin sheets of ice on the surface (frazil ice), and consist of nearly pure fresh water. In fresh water, they form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice. This is most common in swiftly flowing streams. They may accumulate as anchor ice on submerged objects obstructing the water flow. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Land which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Frozen soil which is firmly cemented by water ice, is subject to brittle failure, and exhibits practically no consolidation under load. 2019-01-14T21:23:25Z hard-frozen soil Frozen soil which is firmly cemented by water ice, is subject to brittle failure, and exhibits practically no consolidation under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil Frozen soil which is cemented by water ice but has viscous properties due to its high, unfrozen water content and therefore will compress and deform under load. 2019-01-14T21:23:25Z 2019-01-14T21:28:28Z plastic-frozen soil Frozen soil which is cemented by water ice but has viscous properties due to its high, unfrozen water content and therefore will compress and deform under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Frozen soil which has very low total water content and is not cemented by ice; its compressibility is the same as that of unfrozen soils having the same composition, total water content and density. 2019-01-14T21:33:56Z dry-frozen soil friable-frozen soil Frozen soil which has very low total water content and is not cemented by ice; its compressibility is the same as that of unfrozen soils having the same composition, total water content and density. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. 2019-01-14T21:52:24Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/GlacierTerminus glacier terminus glacier toe glacier snout An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. TODO: add axiom to show this is the output of a "sampling process" 2019-01-17T16:38:41Z ice core ice sample http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceCore The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. water ice core An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 1 An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. 2019-01-17T17:00:31Z floating ice field http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceField The floes in a sea ice field must be greater than 10 km across, at least at one location in the field. sea ice field An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceField Note that SWEET's IceField only refers to sea ice fields. The floes in a sea ice field must be greater than 10 km across, at least at one location in the field. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice field which is constituted by a continuous accumulation of snow and glacier ice that completely fills a mountain basin or covers a low-relief mountain plateau. 2019-01-17T17:14:54Z The definition in the GCW assessment notes that the depth of snow or ice must be of "a substantial depth". This is in need of specification. When the thickness become great enough, tongues of ice overflow the basins or plateaus as Valley Glaciers. glacier ice field An ice field which is constituted by a continuous accumulation of snow and glacier ice that completely fills a mountain basin or covers a low-relief mountain plateau. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The definition in the GCW assessment notes that the depth of snow or ice must be of "a substantial depth". This is in need of specification. When the thickness become great enough, tongues of ice overflow the basins or plateaus as Valley Glaciers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An advective transport process during which a mass of ice is transported from one location to another. 2019-01-31T17:51:48Z mass ice flow An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment. 2019-01-31T18:30:22Z barrier iceberg table iceberg tabular berg envoPolar Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. tabular iceberg An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 barrier iceberg This synonym is no longer in common use. Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice mass which is composed of a large amount of sea ice in the form of a hummock or a group of such hummocks, frozen together and separated from any surrounding ice by sea water. 2019-01-31T19:00:41Z envoPolar Floebergs may float up to 17 ft (5 m) above sea level. floeberg An ice mass which is composed of a large amount of sea ice in the form of a hummock or a group of such hummocks, frozen together and separated from any surrounding ice by sea water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Floebergs may float up to 17 ft (5 m) above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. 2019-01-31T19:06:40Z sea ice mass An elevation which is formed by pressure at the point of contact between ice floes, resulting in a conglomeration of broken ice. 2019-01-31T19:11:58Z envoPolar Sea ice hummocks may be fresh or weathered. The weathering of hummocks is similar to young mountain peaks with steep slopes that erode into smooth, rolling hills, in this case during the summer melt season. The submerged volume of broken ice under the hummock, forced downwards by pressure, is termed a bummock. sea ice hummock An elevation which is formed by pressure at the point of contact between ice floes, resulting in a conglomeration of broken ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Sea ice hummocks may be fresh or weathered. The weathering of hummocks is similar to young mountain peaks with steep slopes that erode into smooth, rolling hills, in this case during the summer melt season. The submerged volume of broken ice under the hummock, forced downwards by pressure, is termed a bummock. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A hummock which is primarily composed of soil that has been pushed up by frost action. 2019-01-31T19:11:58Z 2019-01-31T19:17:20Z hummock envoPolar Permafrost hummocks are often found in uniformly spaced large groups. Hummocks can form in areas of permafrost or seasonally frozen ground, and are one of the most common surface features of the Arctic. frost-formed hummock A hummock which is primarily composed of soil that has been pushed up by frost action. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Permafrost hummocks are often found in uniformly spaced large groups. Hummocks can form in areas of permafrost or seasonally frozen ground, and are one of the most common surface features of the Arctic. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A valley glacier which has one or more tributary glaciers as parts. 2019-01-31T19:59:05Z branched valley glacier A valley glacier which has one or more tributary glaciers as parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A valley glacier which does not have any tributary glaciers flowing into it. Definition should be revised in a positivist mode. 2019-01-31T20:03:37Z simple valley glacier A valley glacier which does not have any tributary glaciers flowing into it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A glacier which flows into a larger glacier. 2019-01-31T20:08:24Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_glacier Tributary glaciers usually merge into a glacier which is at lower elevation. tributary glacier A glacier which flows into a larger glacier. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Tributary glaciers usually merge into a glacier which is at lower elevation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A surface layer which is composed primarily of ice. 2019-01-31T20:22:31Z ice surface layer An ice surface layer which is primarily composed of water ice. 2019-01-31T20:23:31Z water ice surface layer An two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which overlaps the surface layer of a mass of ice. 2019-01-31T20:25:26Z This class was created during a semantic harmonisation exercise with the SWEET resource, currently adminstered by Earth Science Information Partners. Its subclass(es) are mapped to the corresponding SWEET terms, which were determined to align with fiat boundaries rather than physical ones. two-dimensional fiat ice surface A two-dimensional fiat ice surface which overlaps the surface layer of a mass of water ice. 2019-01-31T20:28:29Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceSurface This class was created during a semantic harmonisation exercise with the SWEET resource, currently adminstered by Earth Science Information Partners. It is mapped to the corresponding SWEET term, which was determined to align with fiat boundaries rather than physical ones. two-dimensional fiat water ice surface An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. 2019-01-31T20:46:21Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Iceberg envoPolar The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term "iceberg" usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. iceberg An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term "iceberg" usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice mass which has formed over land. 2019-01-31T20:56:24Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/LandIce envoPolar Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. land ice mass An ice mass which has formed over land. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z envoCryo envoPolar freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice 2 An ice lead which occurs in a marine water body and is bounded by sea ice. 2019-02-27T19:08:33Z lead http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead envoPolar sea-ice lead An ice lead which occurs in a marine water body and is bounded by sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead Alignment uncertain, to be revised pending SWEET clarification. A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. 2019-02-27T19:26:14Z lead http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead envoPolar Generally, leads are wide enough (and deep enough) for navigation by surface vessels. The term is generally applied to linear features. If the open area is very large it may be called a polynya, although the application of these terms is under debate. ice lead A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead Alignment uncertain, to be revised pending SWEET clarification. An ice lead between a mass of fast ice and a mass of pack ice. 2019-02-27T19:30:04Z lead envoPolar flaw lead An ice lead between a mass of fast ice and a mass of pack ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice lead which occurs between the shore and pack ice. 2019-02-27T19:30:36Z lead envoPolar shore lead An ice lead which occurs between the shore and pack ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A water surface that is part of a water body. 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body An ice lead within which new, nilas, and young ice has formed. 2019-02-27T19:30:36Z lead envoPolar frozen lead An ice lead within which new, nilas, and young ice has formed. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. 2019-01-14T19:46:20Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/PackIce drift ice pack ice mass A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 drift ice Prior to approximately 2014, "pack ice" was used for all ranges of drift ice concentrations, thus the terms were in close synonymy. Ice which has formed as the result of freezing of water which was part of a water body. 2019-02-27T20:07:15Z In the United States, NOAA considers ice formed from the freezing of the waters of the Great Lakes as being the same as sea ice. This class attempts to provide a distinction for clarity. water-body-derived ice Ice which has formed as the result of freezing of water which was part of a water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 In the United States, NOAA considers ice formed from the freezing of the waters of the Great Lakes as being the same as sea ice. This class attempts to provide a distinction for clarity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An environmental zone which overlaps that part of an ocean or sea within which 1) sea ice is present only part of the year, 2) extends from the permanent ice zone to the boundary where winter sea ice extent is at a maximum, and 3) primarily overlaps first-year ice when seasonal ice is present. 2019-02-27T20:17:41Z As this part of the environment is defined by a seasonal process, some of its differentia aren't physically there at all times of its existence.Thus, all boundaries of this entity are fiat. area of seasonal sea ice An environmental zone which overlaps that part of an ocean or sea within which 1) sea ice is present only part of the year, 2) extends from the permanent ice zone to the boundary where winter sea ice extent is at a maximum, and 3) primarily overlaps first-year ice when seasonal ice is present. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 A layer which is composed of ground that 1) remains unfrozen due to increased solute concentration and 2) is present within a mass of permafrost. 2019-03-01T23:23:15Z envoNceas envoPolar cryopeg A layer which is composed of ground that 1) remains unfrozen due to increased solute concentration and 2) is present within a mass of permafrost. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary?keys=cryopeg An environmental material which is primarily composed of a dispersed phase of insoluable particles, approximately between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer in maximum dimension, distributed throughout a material acting as a medium of suspension. 2019-03-02T12:39:26Z colloid Wikipedia lists several forms of colloidal suspension such as colloidal aerosols, colloidal emulsions, colloidal foams, colloidal dispersions, or hydrosols. colloidal suspension An environmental material which is primarily composed of a dispersed phase of insoluable particles, approximately between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer in maximum dimension, distributed throughout a material acting as a medium of suspension. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid An environmental material which is solid, jelly-like, and exhibits no flow when in steady state material and which contains liquid dispersed in and held in place by cross-linked structures of a solid medium. 2019-03-02T12:48:05Z gel An environmental material which is solid, jelly-like, and exhibits no flow when in steady state material and which contains liquid dispersed in and held in place by cross-linked structures of a solid medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel A gel which is primarily composed of a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. 2019-03-02T12:54:02Z hydrogel A gel which is primarily composed of a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel#Hydrogels Particulate environmental material which 1) is primarily composed of a fine, granular material such as sand, silt, or clay suspended in and saturated by water and 2) readily liquefies when weight is applied, losing strength and permitting objects to sink until their weight and buoyancy offset the weight of the displaced quicksand. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. 2019-03-02T13:00:27Z quicksand Particulate environmental material which 1) is primarily composed of a fine, granular material such as sand, silt, or clay suspended in and saturated by water and 2) readily liquefies when weight is applied, losing strength and permitting objects to sink until their weight and buoyancy offset the weight of the displaced quicksand. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksand An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain Sound which is lower in frequency than 20 Hertz, or cycles per second. 2019-03-02T14:06:26Z inaudible sound low-frequency sound 20 Hertz is the average limit of human hearing. infrasound Sound which is lower in frequency than 20 Hertz, or cycles per second. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrasound An environmental zone which 1) contains ecosystems, constructed features, or other entities deemed to be of natural, historical, cultural, or other significance and 2) has been afforded legal protections restricting one or more forms of use by a competent authority. 2019-03-03T00:21:59Z preserve reserve protected area An elevation which is formed as an ice mass forms under soil, resulting in upwards deformation of the land surface. 2019-03-04T23:07:57Z frost heaving envoNceas envoPolar frost heave An elevation which is formed as an ice mass forms under soil, resulting in upwards deformation of the land surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z envoMarine envoPlastics At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer Land which is present within a forest biome. 2019-03-06T20:05:30Z forest floor Land which is present within a forest biome. 2019-03-19T16:29:10Z http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/LCSAZZ01/ speed of a water current http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/LCSAZZ01/ The original label in the NERC VS P01 was: "Speed of water current (Eulerian measurement) in the water body". We don't address the methodological dimension here. A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current A fuel oil which 1) is derived from petroleum oil, 2) has a strong odor, 3) produces large quantities of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is less refined than fuel oils such as paraffin. 2019-03-21T16:13:05Z kerosene kerosine kerosine oil liquid kerosene For speakers of British English, kerosene is often referred to as paraffin. kerosene oil A fuel oil which 1) is derived from petroleum oil, 2) has a strong odor, 3) produces large quantities of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is less refined than fuel oils such as paraffin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene https://www.nationwidefuels.co.uk/difference-kerosene-paraffin/ https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-paraffin-and-kerosene/ A layer which is part of a cryosphere. 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z envoPolar cryospheric layer A layer of environmental material which is subject to freeze-thaw cycles. 2019-04-09T13:08:48Z active layer envoPolar active layer in a cryosphere A warming process during which the thermal energy in a portion of environmental material is sufficient to melt water-based ice or snow. 2019-04-09T13:17:56Z thawing Note that ice or snow need not be present in the material in order for it to undergo thawing. The semantics of 'thaw' vs 'melt' are debated in fields such as permafrost geology/physics. This module is thus likely to be dynamic. thawing process A warming process during which the thermal energy in a portion of environmental material is sufficient to melt water-based ice or snow. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thaw https://wikidiff.com/melt/thaw A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is increased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. 2019-04-09T13:26:10Z Note that melting need not involve warming (e.g. due to extreme gravitational effects). See the melting hierarchy for more terms. material warming process A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is increased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warming A thawing process during which permafrost is warmed beyond the melting point of water-based ice, snow, or other forms of solid water. 2019-04-09T13:41:52Z envoPolar permafrost thawing process A thawing process during which permafrost is warmed beyond the melting point of water-based ice, snow, or other forms of solid water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is decreased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. 2019-04-09T14:00:20Z Note that ice formation, freezing, etc may have this process as a part, but may also occur without temperature decreases (e.g. through extreme gravitational effects). See the material congelation process hierarchy for more. material cooling process A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is decreased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warming Soil which is directly exposed to the atmosphere - with no intervening layer of plant life or other cover - and thus the effects of weathering and erosion. 2019-04-15T10:15:14Z bare soil A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. 2019-04-24T19:51:34Z englacial A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. 2019-04-24T19:59:58Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Englacial englacial process An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. A glacial surface layer which is present at the point in time where any given part of a glacier reaches its minimum annual mass. 2019-04-24T20:10:03Z Note that the glacial summer surface is diachronous. The time that the summer surface is present on a glacier can vary from point to point along the entire glacier. That is, while a high-elevation region of a glacier may have reached its minimum, lower elevation regions may still be ablating. The summer surface is the surface on which the first snow of the new balance year falls. It is easily detectable when it consists of glacier ice, which now includes superimposed ice added during the previous balance year. In the firn area it is recognizable as a well-marked crust, that is, a thin, relatively strong layer with a density near that of ice, and sometimes also (or instead) as a layer of depth hoar at the base of the current year's accumulation. The crust typically originates by recrystallization of the surface snow in late summer to form glaze. It may also be marked by an accumulation of sediment or wind-blown dust. It can be difficult to detect when melting and snowfall alternate during the transition between the ablation season and the accumulation season. In some mass-balance programmes the summer surface is 'labelled' in the vicinity of stakes with a distinctive material, such as sawdust, during a visit late in the ablation season. glacial summer surface A glacial surface layer which is present at the point in time where any given part of a glacier reaches its minimum annual mass. A glacial surface layer which is adjacent to the bedrock or debris over which a glacier flows. 2019-04-24T20:21:53Z glacial bed A glacial surface layer which is adjacent to the bedrock or debris over which a glacier flows. A tundra ecosystem which is subject to polar climatic conditions. 2019-04-26T16:02:09Z polar tundra ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by the presence of rounded mineral concretions primarily composed of manganese hydroxides on the seafloor. 2019-05-06T09:41:10Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-4012 manganese nodule ecosystem polymetallic nodule field These are typically found in deep-sea environments - where polymetallic nodules (rounded mineral concretions containing manganese hydroxides and a variety of other minerals) are found at the surface at densities of up to 70 % of the surface area. The nodules provide a substrate for attached hard-bottom fauna to settle in areas where soft-sediments prevail. polymetallic nodule ecosystem A water flow process during which fresh or brackish groundwater flows from from a landmass into the sea. 2019-05-22T14:15:08Z submarine groundwater discharge process A water flow process during which fresh or brackish groundwater flows from from a landmass into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_groundwater_discharge A water flow process during which water flows out of an aquifer. 2019-05-22T14:18:15Z groundwater discharge process A water flow process during which water flows out of an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_discharge A water flow process during which water is transported through an aquifer. 2019-05-22T14:22:43Z groundwater flow A water flow process during which water is transported through an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_discharge An environmental pollution process during which contaminants derived from agricultural activity are released into an environmental system. 2019-05-29T08:01:44Z Verschumutzung durch Landwirtschaft Examples include the release of pesticies and/or antibiotic-laden animal waste into water bodies. agricultural pollution An environmental pollution process during which contaminants derived from agricultural activity are released into an environmental system. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas An active agri-ecosystem management process during which the variability of land use types or the spatial structure of land under agricultural production is increased. 2019-05-29T08:19:55Z Agrarlandschaftsdiversifizierung This includes the introduction or balancing of cover types such as forests, crops, grassland, or land covered by crop cultivars such as wheat, maize, legumes, vegetables. agricultural landscape diversification process An active agri-ecosystem management process during which the variability of land use types or the spatial structure of land under agricultural production is increased. INTERNAS:WS2 http://awi.de/internas https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/downloads/pdf/ipbes_4_19_annex_ii_spm_pollination_en.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=28363 A conservation process during which the variability of life - from genes to ecosystems - is preserved. 2019-05-29T08:25:13Z biodiversity conservation process A biodiversity conservation process during which the variability of insect communities, or parts thereof, is preserved. 2019-05-29T08:26:59Z Like other forms of conservation, planned management actions (i.e. preservation, maintenance, sustainable use, recovery, enhancement) of natural resources or of a particular ecosystem is typically employed to halt, reverse or slow-down the die off of insects from the impacts of anthropic exploitation or pollution. insect conservation process A biodiversity conservation process during which the variability of insect communities, or parts thereof, is preserved. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/15073 An active agri-ecosystem management process during which an ecosystem is modified for the production of one or a small collection of crops or other agricultural products. 2019-05-29T08:45:22Z Spezialisierung der Landwirtschaft Agricultural specialisation is often a means to produce sufficiently large quantities of crops to compete in global markets. Entire landscapes and regions are often dedicated to such production. agricultural specialisation process An active agri-ecosystem management process during which an ecosystem is modified for the production of one or a small collection of crops or other agricultural products. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas Soil in which segregated ice will form (causing frost heave) under the required conditions of moisture supply and temperature. The label would apply to all soils in which frost can form, however, the definition of this class suggests that ice segregation is a key property that differentiates this type of soil from others. 2019-05-30T19:07:20Z frost-susceptible soil Soil in which segregated ice will form (causing frost heave) under the required conditions of moisture supply and temperature. The authoritative definition can be found in the USPA Glossary. Note that the original definition references "earth materials" rather than "soil". A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere envoAtmo formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates A process during which supercooled water droplets in a cloud freeze into ice crystals. 2019-05-30T21:10:14Z glaciation envoAtmo glaciation of water droplets in a cloud An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures fall resulting in planet-wide glacier advances. 2019-05-30T21:15:07Z glacial glacial period glacierisation envoPolar Note that there has been long debate over the usage of this term, leading to some of the ambiguity resolved across the various classes featuring 'glaciation' as a label or synonym in ENVO. For example, see https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/glacierization/354F9D3447C4AE8159D984B235114DE6/core-reader glaciation An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures fall resulting in planet-wide glacier advances. An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures rise and result in planet-wide glacier retreat. 2019-05-30T21:17:30Z interglacial period envoPolar interglacial An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures rise and result in planet-wide glacier retreat. A temporal interval during which a planet's surface and atmospheric temperatures fall, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets or alpine glaciers. 2019-05-30T21:21:24Z ice age A temporal interval during which a planet's surface and atmospheric temperatures fall, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets or alpine glaciers. 2019-06-02T07:35:09Z Carbonate which is formed as the result of some biological process. material primarily composed of biogenic carbonates That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid A colloidal suspension which is dispersed through a part of a hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:11:54Z colloid suspended in a hydrosphere Colloidal sediment which is suspended in a part of the hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:19:48Z suspended colloidal sediment An environmental material which is denser than bromoform. Axiomatising this with relational density qualities pinned to bromoform would be the next step. 2019-06-02T11:25:56Z heavy fraction material An environmental material which is denser than bromoform. An environmental material which is less dense than bromoform. Axiomatising this with relational density qualities pinned to bromoform would be the next step. 2019-06-02T11:33:10Z light fraction material An environmental material which is less dense than bromoform. Waterborne particulate matter which is part of a hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:43:36Z particulate matter in a hydrosphere An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol An estuary in which mixing by tidal forcing exceeds the force of riverine output, resulting in thorough homogenisation of the estuary's water column and the disappearance of a vertical salinity gradient and the freshwater-seawater boundary. well-mixed estuary An estuary in which mixing by tidal forcing exceeds the force of riverine output, resulting in thorough homogenisation of the estuary's water column and the disappearance of a vertical salinity gradient and the freshwater-seawater boundary. A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process An environmental process which involves glaciers or ice sheets. 2019-06-24T17:12:30Z Note that ice sheets and glaciers are confounded and confused in multiple communities and across multiple sources. glacial process Note that ice sheets and glaciers are confounded and confused in multiple communities and across multiple sources. A glacial ice loss process during which the snout (toe) of a glacier shrinks following successive years of negative mass balance. 2019-06-24T17:21:38Z glacier retreat Glacial retreat is usually evident from the recession of the ice margin on land, or calving in the sea, but also from down-wasting. glacial retreat A glacial ice loss process during which the snout (toe) of a glacier shrinks following successive years of negative mass balance. Glacial retreat is usually evident from the recession of the ice margin on land, or calving in the sea, but also from down-wasting. An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass onto land. 2019-06-24T17:33:46Z calving of ice onto land An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass onto land. An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass into a body of water. 2019-06-24T17:36:27Z calving of ice into water An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass into a body of water. A frost action process which occurs in cold environments which are not part of a glacier. 2019-06-24T17:39:31Z periglaciation Past usage of this term referenced climatic and geomorphic conditions in areas periperal to Pleistocene ice sheets and glaciers. Modern usage refers, however, to a wider range of cold climatic conditions regardless of their proximity to a Glacier, either in space or time. Many, but not all, Periglacial Environments possess Permafrost; all are dominated by Frost Action processes. periglacial process A frost action process which occurs in cold environments which are not part of a glacier. Past usage of this term referenced climatic and geomorphic conditions in areas periperal to Pleistocene ice sheets and glaciers. Modern usage refers, however, to a wider range of cold climatic conditions regardless of their proximity to a Glacier, either in space or time. Many, but not all, Periglacial Environments possess Permafrost; all are dominated by Frost Action processes. A material transport process during which alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials results modifications of those materials and in the formation of structures on, or in, the ground. 2019-06-24T17:43:00Z Frost action in soils describes the processes of Frost Heave that occurs in the ground during the freezing period, and Thaw Weakening that occurs as the seasonally Frozen Ground thaws. Although it normally refers to seasonal freezing and thawing processes and effects, the term Frost action has also been used to describe the long-term heaving that occurs when soils are subjected continuously to a freezing temperature over a long period of time (years). Frost action contributes to the mechanical weathering (disintegration or breakdown) of soil and rock materials, by frost wedging, Cryoturbation activity, and to the development of cryotexture and cryogenic fabric in soils. frost action process A material transport process during which alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials results modifications of those materials and in the formation of structures on, or in, the ground. Frost action in soils describes the processes of Frost Heave that occurs in the ground during the freezing period, and Thaw Weakening that occurs as the seasonally Frozen Ground thaws. Although it normally refers to seasonal freezing and thawing processes and effects, the term Frost action has also been used to describe the long-term heaving that occurs when soils are subjected continuously to a freezing temperature over a long period of time (years). Frost action contributes to the mechanical weathering (disintegration or breakdown) of soil and rock materials, by frost wedging, Cryoturbation activity, and to the development of cryotexture and cryogenic fabric in soils. A frost action process during which objects embedded in the ground are cumulatively displaced upwards. 2019-06-24T17:43:13Z frost jacking A frost action process during which objects embedded in the ground are cumulatively displaced upwards. A frost action process during which the soil particles are differentially displaced according to their size ranges. 2019-06-24T17:43:43Z frost sorting A frost action process during which the soil particles are differentially displaced according to their size ranges. A frost action process during which the pressure of water freezing in cracks, crevices, pores, joints or bedding planes results in the mechanical disintegration, splitting or break-up of rock. 2019-06-24T17:43:49Z frost wedging A frost action process during which the pressure of water freezing in cracks, crevices, pores, joints or bedding planes results in the mechanical disintegration, splitting or break-up of rock. A frost action process during which soil is displaced. 2019-06-24T17:44:01Z The processes that form irregular structures in earth materials characterized by folded, broken and dislocated beds, and lenses of unconsolidated deposits, including organic horizons and even bedrock. These processes include deep frost penetration, frost action, frost heaving, thaw settlement and all differential movements, including expansion and contraction due to temperature changes and the growth and disappearance of ground ice bodies, whether perennial or seasonal. Low temperatures alone are not enough to produce cryoturbation; the water-ice phase change is necessary. Cryoturbation is an important process in the development of patterned ground. cryoturbation of soil A frost action process during which soil is displaced. A mass of soil moved or disturbed by frost action. 2019-06-24T17:56:32Z soil cryoturbate A mass of soil moved or disturbed by frost action. A water flow process which comprises a sudden‐onset high‐magnitude discharge of water and sediment from a glacial source 2019-07-03T14:50:41Z Jokuelhlaup Jokulhlaup Jökulhlaup Glacial runs occur in virtually all glaciated regions of the world and are most commonly directly sourced from any part of a glacier where water can accumulate into a lake. A jökulhlaup usually occurs because a glacial lake drains rapidly due to failure of an ice dam or moraine dam. glacial run A water flow process which comprises a sudden‐onset high‐magnitude discharge of water and sediment from a glacial source Glacial runs occur in virtually all glaciated regions of the world and are most commonly directly sourced from any part of a glacier where water can accumulate into a lake. A jökulhlaup usually occurs because a glacial lake drains rapidly due to failure of an ice dam or moraine dam. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being derived from, part of, or otherwise dependent on the seas or oceans. 2019-07-15T18:16:01Z This class takes the broader meaning of this term. Note that some usages refer to smaller bodies of water, as seas and gulfs, as distinguished from large oceanic bodies. thalassic A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being derived from, part of, or otherwise dependent on the seas or oceans. Part of an atmosphere which contains a weather front, bounded by frontal surfaces. 2019-08-20T08:08:36Z frontal zone envoAtmo atmospheric frontal zone Part of an atmosphere which contains a weather front, bounded by frontal surfaces. An aquaculture process during which marine organisms are cultivated in the open ocean, an enclosure in the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. 2019-07-15T21:49:02Z mariculture mariculture process An aquaculture process during which marine organisms are cultivated in the open ocean, an enclosure in the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. A mariculture process during which organisms are cultivated in cages which allow the passage of materials such as wastes, pathogens, antibiotics, and - should a containment breach occur - cultivated organisms themselves to and from the surrounding marine environment. 2019-07-15T22:00:48Z open cage mariculture process A mariculture process during which organisms are cultivated in cages which allow the passage of materials such as wastes, pathogens, antibiotics, and - should a containment breach occur - cultivated organisms themselves to and from the surrounding marine environment. A construction which contains the equipment needed to perform mariculture in open cages - permitting the exchange of material with the surrounding marine water. 2019-07-15T22:31:31Z open cage mariculture facility A construction which contains the equipment needed to perform mariculture in open cages - permitting the exchange of material with the surrounding marine water. A gaseous surface layer which is composed of the warmer air mass(es) along the horizontal density and temperature discontinuity in a weather front. 2019-08-20T08:25:43Z frontal surface As stated in the AMS Glossary, this is one interpretation of the term "front", namely "frontal surfaces across which the horizontal density gradient is discontinuous (frontal surface usually refers specifically to the warmer side of the frontal zone);" frontal surface of a weather front A gaseous surface layer which is composed of the warmer air mass(es) along the horizontal density and temperature discontinuity in a weather front. A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer A cline across which one or more solid environmental materials dissolve into their surrounding fluid. 2019-07-22T17:08:27Z This cline is typically horizontal, with qualities varying with depth. lysocline A cline across which nutrient content of a fluid changes rapidly. 2019-07-22T17:12:01Z nutricline A cline which is part of a marine water body. 2019-07-22T17:19:02Z marine cline A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front 2 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front envoAtmo This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z envoAtmo air mass A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer A mass of gas which is separated from its surroundings by either 1) a thin liquid layer or 2) a physical or compositional discontinuity. The thin liquid layer case applies to, e.g., soap bubbles in air. The physical or compositional discontinuity case applies to, e.g., bubbles of CO2 in air or bubbles of air in water. bubble An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid An object which is composed primarily of a gas. 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials A bubble which is composed primarily of methane. methane gas bubble A material isosurface within which pressure is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:42:03Z isobaric surface A material isosurface within which salinity is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:42:42Z isohaline surface A material isosurface within which density is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:43:12Z isopycnal surface A material isosurface within which temperature is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:43:35Z isothermal surface An isobaric surface that is part of an atmosphere. 2019-08-20T13:44:11Z envoAtmo atmospheric isobaric surface An isobaric surface that is part of an atmosphere. A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z envoAtmo envoPolar polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment An environment which has a climate with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment An environment which has a climate with warm temperatures and with meagre precipitation. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to polar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to subpolar climatic conditions. An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment An environment which is located in a part of an astronomical body subject to temperate climatic conditions. A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to, such that colder air will occupy the site where warmer air was previously present. 2019-08-20T16:53:00Z envoAtmo The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. cold front A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to, such that colder air will occupy the site where warmer air was previously present. A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the colder air mass it is adjacent to, such that warmer air will occupy the site where colder air was previously present. 2019-08-21T09:56:51Z envoAtmo The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. warm front A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the colder air mass it is adjacent to, such that warmer air will occupy the site where colder air was previously present. A weather front at which warm air is ascending to high altitudes along the frontal surface. 2019-08-21T10:00:40Z envoAtmo anafront A weather front at which warm air is ascending to high altitudes along the frontal surface. A weather front at which warm air is descending to lower altitudes along the frontal surface. 2019-08-21T10:02:08Z envoAtmo katafront A weather front at which warm air is descending to lower altitudes along the frontal surface. A weather front which exists in an equatorial trough separating the air of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of an astronomical body. 2019-08-21T10:05:03Z tropical front envoAtmo Note there is controversy if such fronts exist or at least are compatible with frontal theory. intertropical front A weather front which exists in an equatorial trough separating the air of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of an astronomical body. An air mass which is part of the free atmosphere, including the troposphere and stratosphere. 2019-08-21T16:31:20Z envoAtmo upper air An air mass which is part of the free atmosphere, including the troposphere and stratosphere. An atmospheric layer which 1) is located above the planetary boundary layer, 2) in which the effect of friction between moving air masses and the planetary surface is negligible, and 3) in which the air is usually treated (dynamically) as an ideal fluid. 2019-08-21T16:33:07Z "The base of the free atmosphere is usually taken as the geostrophic wind level." free atmosphere An atmospheric layer which 1) is located above the planetary boundary layer, 2) in which the effect of friction between moving air masses and the planetary surface is negligible, and 3) in which the air is usually treated (dynamically) as an ideal fluid. "The base of the free atmosphere is usually taken as the geostrophic wind level." A weather front which is part of a mass of upper air. 2019-08-21T16:44:42Z envoAtmo upper front A weather front which separates air behind a cold front from air ahead of a warm front. 2019-08-21T16:49:11Z occlusion envoAtmo occluded front A weather front which separates air behind a cold front from air ahead of a warm front. An occluded front which is adjacent to a cold front 1) that is moving away from the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the neighbouring cold front undercuts the neighbouring warm front in the occulsion zone, and 3) where the coldest air in the vicinity replaces less cold air towards the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:55:43Z envoAtmo cold occluded front An occluded front which is adjacent to a cold front 1) that is moving away from the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the neighbouring cold front undercuts the neighbouring warm front in the occulsion zone, and 3) where the coldest air in the vicinity replaces less cold air towards the surface of the astronomical body. An occluded front which is adjacent to a warm front 1) that is moving in the direction of the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the original cold front is forced aloft at the warm front surface, and 3) where the coldest air is replaced by less cold air at the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:56:14Z envoAtmo warm occluded front An occluded front which is adjacent to a warm front 1) that is moving in the direction of the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the original cold front is forced aloft at the warm front surface, and 3) where the coldest air is replaced by less cold air at the surface of the astronomical body. An occluded front which is 1) adjacent to a cold and a warm front with no appreciable difference between the temperatures of their bordering air masses and 2) which creates a pressure trough, a wind-shift line, a band of cloudiness, and precipitation at the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:56:31Z envoAtmo neutral occluded front An occluded front which is 1) adjacent to a cold and a warm front with no appreciable difference between the temperatures of their bordering air masses and 2) which creates a pressure trough, a wind-shift line, a band of cloudiness, and precipitation at the surface of the astronomical body. A cold front which forms behind a frontal cyclone and within a cold air mass with an appreciable horizontal temperature gradient. 2019-08-30T10:00:19Z envoAtmo The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. secondary cold front A cold front which forms behind a frontal cyclone and within a cold air mass with an appreciable horizontal temperature gradient. An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-08-30T10:29:47Z envoAtmo "From its etymology, the term means simply "going down" or "descending," and thus could refer to any descending flow; some authors have further generalized it to include downslope flows such as the foehn or chinook even though they do not represent a flow of cold air. This concept has given rise to the expression katafront, which indicates flow down a sloped cold-frontal surface." katabatic wind An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body. "From its etymology, the term means simply "going down" or "descending," and thus could refer to any descending flow; some authors have further generalized it to include downslope flows such as the foehn or chinook even though they do not represent a flow of cold air. This concept has given rise to the expression katafront, which indicates flow down a sloped cold-frontal surface." A katabatic wind during which atmospheric gas flows down the slope of an elevation, typically during periods of light larger-scale winds. 2019-08-30T10:34:48Z envoAtmo "The many synonyms for downslope flow are sometimes used interchangeably, and this gives rise to ambiguity and confusion. Downslope can be used generically to denote any wind flow blowing down a slope, or it is used specifically for katabatic flows on any scale, such as the nocturnal slope-wind component of mountain–valley wind systems or mountain–plains wind systems." Note also that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. downslope katabatic wind A katabatic wind during which atmospheric gas flows down the slope of an elevation, typically during periods of light larger-scale winds. "The many synonyms for downslope flow are sometimes used interchangeably, and this gives rise to ambiguity and confusion. Downslope can be used generically to denote any wind flow blowing down a slope, or it is used specifically for katabatic flows on any scale, such as the nocturnal slope-wind component of mountain–valley wind systems or mountain–plains wind systems." Note also that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. A katabatic wind which is driven by the cooling and subsequent sinking of atmospheric gas masses. 2019-08-30T10:40:06Z envoAtmo cooling-driven katabatic wind A katabatic wind which is driven by the cooling and subsequent sinking of atmospheric gas masses. A downslope katabatic wind during which warm, dry atmospheric gas descends along the lee side of a mountain range as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over that range. 2019-08-30T10:52:46Z Canterbury northwester. aspre austru chinook favogn halny wiatr ljuka sky sweeper zonda envoAtmo foehn wind A downslope katabatic wind during which warm, dry atmospheric gas descends along the lee side of a mountain range as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over that range. chinook An environmental process during which a system does not thermally interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. 2019-09-02T01:35:56Z envoAtmo "In an adiabatic process any change in internal energy (for a system of fixed mass) is solely a consequence of working. For an ideal gas and for most atmospheric systems, compression results in warming, expansion results in cooling." adiabatic process An environmental process during which a system does not thermally interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. "In an adiabatic process any change in internal energy (for a system of fixed mass) is solely a consequence of working. For an ideal gas and for most atmospheric systems, compression results in warming, expansion results in cooling." An adiabatic process during which no condensation of water vapor occurs and no liquid water is present. 2019-09-02T01:41:52Z envoAtmo dry-adiabatic process An adiabatic process during which no condensation of water vapor occurs and no liquid water is present. An adiabatic process which involves air saturated with water vapour and the presence of liquid water. 2019-09-02T01:42:56Z saturation-adiabatic process envoAtmo moist-adiabatic process An adiabatic process which involves air saturated with water vapour and the presence of liquid water. A katabatic wind during which the low temperature and increased density of a cold mass of atmospheric gas accelerates its descent. 2019-09-02T01:48:45Z papagayo vardar mistral envoAtmo "A fall wind is a larger-scale phenomenon than the individual-slope scale and is produced by accumulated cold air spilling down a slope or over a mountain range. The cold air often either accumulates on a plateau or other elevated terrain, or is part of an extensive cold air mass approaching a mountain range as a cold front." fall wind A katabatic wind during which the low temperature and increased density of a cold mass of atmospheric gas accelerates its descent. papagayo vardar mistral "A fall wind is a larger-scale phenomenon than the individual-slope scale and is produced by accumulated cold air spilling down a slope or over a mountain range. The cold air often either accumulates on a plateau or other elevated terrain, or is part of an extensive cold air mass approaching a mountain range as a cold front." A fall wind which has a source so cold that, when the atmospheric gas reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise its temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind. 2019-09-02T01:56:30Z envoAtmo bora A fall wind which has a source so cold that, when the atmospheric gas reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise its temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind. An atmospheric wind which rapidly forms, lasts for a duration in the order of minutes, and then rapidly decreases in speed. 2019-09-02T02:04:04Z envoAtmo squall wind An atmospheric wind which rapidly forms, lasts for a duration in the order of minutes, and then rapidly decreases in speed. A storm which is nautical, localised, and of high severity local storm considered as a whole: that is, winds and cloud mass and (if any) precipitation, thunder and lightning. 2019-09-02T02:16:07Z envoAtmo nautical squall A storm which is nautical, localised, and of high severity local storm considered as a whole: that is, winds and cloud mass and (if any) precipitation, thunder and lightning. A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. 2019-09-02T02:35:38Z envoAtmo jet-effect wind A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. A jet-effect which passes through a gap, constriction, or channel between mountains in a mountain range or between ranges themselves. 2019-09-02T02:40:43Z düsenwind kossava tehuantepecer envoAtmo mountain-gap wind A jet-effect which passes through a gap, constriction, or channel between mountains in a mountain range or between ranges themselves. An atmospheric wind which moves up or down a slope and is driven by heating or cooling of that slope. 2019-09-02T03:28:02Z envoAtmo slope flow An upslope wind driven by heating at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. 2019-09-02T03:30:18Z envoAtmo Unlike the term "katabatic wind", anabatic wind has a focused meaning and suffers from less ambiguity, thus the more precise treatement of this term and its place deeper in the hierarchy. anabatic wind An upslope wind driven by heating at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. Unlike the term "katabatic wind", anabatic wind has a focused meaning and suffers from less ambiguity, thus the more precise treatement of this term and its place deeper in the hierarchy. A process during which direct stellar radiation interacts with a planetary surface. 2019-09-02T03:42:52Z incoming solar radiation insolation insolation process A process during which direct stellar radiation interacts with a planetary surface. insolation The broader term can also refer to the amount of radiation received, rather than the process. A material cooling process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:16:38Z cooling of a gas A material cooling process during which a portion of liquid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:16:58Z cooling of a liquid A material cooling process during which a portion of solid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:17:07Z cooling of a solid A material cooling process during which a portion of fluid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:22:06Z cooling of a fluid A material warming process during which the thermal energy in a volume of fluid increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:11Z warming of a fluid A process of warming a fluid during which the thermal energy in a volume of gas increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:20Z warming of a gas A process of warming a fluid which includes a volume of liquid as a participant. 2019-09-02T07:24:32Z warming of a liquid A material warming process during which the thermal energy in a mass of solid material increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:44Z warming of a solid A fluid astronomical body part which is plume shaped. plume A downslope katabatic wind which is generated by the cooling of atmospheric gas in contact with terrain surfaces. 2019-09-02T08:48:06Z gravity wind envoAtmo Note that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. drainage wind A downslope katabatic wind which is generated by the cooling of atmospheric gas in contact with terrain surfaces. gravity wind A front which shows very little mobility. 2019-09-05T03:38:33Z stationary front "Conventionally, a front that is moving at a speed less than about five knots is generally considered to be quasi-stationary. In synoptic chart analysis, a quasi-stationary front is one that has not moved appreciably from its position on the last previous synoptic chart (three or six hours before)." quasi-stationary front A front which shows very little mobility. "Conventionally, a front that is moving at a speed less than about five knots is generally considered to be quasi-stationary. In synoptic chart analysis, a quasi-stationary front is one that has not moved appreciably from its position on the last previous synoptic chart (three or six hours before)." A drainage wind which flows along the icy surface of a glacier. 2019-09-05T05:11:59Z envoAtmo envoPolar glacier wind A drainage wind which flows along the icy surface of a glacier. An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow A mass fluid flow which moves in the same direction as a planet's rotation, rotating due to a Coriolis effect. 2019-09-05T05:47:55Z cyclonic rotation envoAtmo envoMarine envoPolar cyclonic circulation A mass fluid flow which moves in the same direction as a planet's rotation, rotating due to a Coriolis effect. An atmospheric storm during which winds flow with increased rates. 2019-09-05T05:58:25Z wind storm A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds thundergust straight-line wind A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. A downdraft which is of high intensity and which spreads radially, with high speed, across the planetary surface upon reaching it. 2019-09-05T06:13:28Z downburst A downdraft which is of high intensity and which spreads radially, with high speed, across the planetary surface upon reaching it. A macroburst during which no or very little rain is generated. 2019-09-05T06:13:36Z dry macroburst A macroburst during which no or very little rain is generated. A macroburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. 2019-09-05T06:16:28Z wet macroburst A macroburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. A downburst during which high winds occur over an area less than four kilometres in diameter. 2019-09-05T06:36:46Z microburst A downburst during which high winds occur over an area less than four kilometres in diameter. A downburst during which high winds occur over an area larger than four kilometres in diameter. 2019-09-05T06:36:54Z macroburst A downburst during which high winds occur over an area larger than four kilometres in diameter. A microburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. 2019-09-05T06:44:02Z wet microburst A microburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. A microburst during which no or very little rain is generated. 2019-09-05T06:44:34Z dry microburst A microburst during which no or very little rain is generated. A katabatic wind which is sudden and strong. 2019-09-05T06:51:54Z downdraft A katabatic wind which is sudden and strong. A material transport process during which parts of an elastic material oscillate around their positions of equilibrium. 2019-10-07T08:36:54Z vibration vibration process A material transport process during which parts of an elastic material oscillate around their positions of equilibrium. A vibration process which occurs in the solid parts of an astronomical body as low-frequency acoustic waves pass through them. 2019-10-07T08:45:41Z seismic activity seismic vibration process A vibration process which occurs in the solid parts of an astronomical body as low-frequency acoustic waves pass through them. A seismic vibration process which is caused by a volcanic eruption. 2019-10-07T09:32:53Z volcanic seismicity volcanic seismic vibration A seismic vibration process which is caused by the impact of a solid object on the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T09:39:31Z impact-driven seismic vibration An impact event is a collision between material entities, resulting in changes in one or both of those entities. 2019-10-07T09:46:06Z This class is valid for impacts of celestial bodies as well as impacts of missiles, etc. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/860 impact event A seismic vibration process which is caused by an explosion. 2019-10-07T09:52:12Z explosion-driven seismic vibration A seismic vibration process which is caused by mass wasting. 2019-10-07T09:57:00Z mass-wasting-driven seismic vibration A seismic vibration process which is caused by the collapose of a material entity, sending kinetic energy into astronomical body. 2019-10-07T10:03:26Z collapse-driven seismic vibration A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. A structural collapse process during which the walls of cave are unable to support the load placed upon them. 2019-10-07T10:12:54Z cave collapse A seismic vibration process which is caused by an earthquake. 2019-10-07T11:56:48Z earthquake-driven seismic vibration A tectonic earthquake which precedes the strongest tectonic earthquake in a series, linked to the same release of energy in the crust. 2019-10-07T13:43:56Z foreshock A tectonic earthquake which precedes the strongest tectonic earthquake in a series, linked to the same release of energy in the crust. A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) has the largest magnitude of the series. 2019-10-07T13:54:59Z mainshock A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) has the largest magnitude of the series. A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) occurs after the mainshock. 2019-10-07T13:54:59Z 2019-10-07T13:59:06Z aftershock A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) occurs after the mainshock. A fault across which older rocks are pushed above (away from the core of an astronomical body) younger rocks. 2019-10-07T14:05:49Z thrust fault A fault across which older rocks are pushed above (away from the core of an astronomical body) younger rocks. A tectonic earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T14:13:46Z blind thrust earthquake A tectonic earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. A thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T14:18:31Z blind thrust fault A thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body 2 A tectonic earthquake which has two or more mainshocks of similar magnitude, and which originate from the same fracture zone and stress field. 2019-10-07T14:30:11Z multiplet earthquake The mainshocks may be separated by seconds or years. Mainshocks must be within 1.2 units of magnitude of one another and have nearly identical seismic waveforms. multiplet tectonic earthquake A tectonic earthquake which has two or more mainshocks of similar magnitude, and which originate from the same fracture zone and stress field. The mainshocks may be separated by seconds or years. Mainshocks must be within 1.2 units of magnitude of one another and have nearly identical seismic waveforms. A tectonic earthquake which occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates. 2019-10-07T15:02:10Z interplate earthquake QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'tectonic plate' A tectonic earthquake which occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates. A tectonic earthquake which occurs within the interior parts of a tectonic plate. 2019-10-07T15:27:47Z intraplate earthquake QCR: 'has participant' max 1 'tectonic plate' A tectonic earthquake which occurs within the interior parts of a tectonic plate. An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. A surface of an astronomical body which is part of a water body present on that body. 2019-10-17T08:32:59Z liquid surface of an astronomical body A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. A sea which shalowly covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level that result in marine transgressions. 2019-10-21T11:01:03Z epeiric sea epicontinental sea inland sea A sea which shalowly covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level that result in marine transgressions. 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem 2019-10-21T11:06:34Z freshwater ecosystem An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem A forest ecosystem which includes communities adapted to 1) hot to warm, dry summers, 2) mild to cold, rainy winters, and 3) the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. 2019-10-21T11:33:13Z mediterranean forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:40:46Z subtropical broadleaf forest A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest A tropical mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. 2019-10-27T16:05:39Z wwfBiome tropical mixed forest biome A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) s subject to a year-round warm climate 2) may receive several hundred centimeters or rain per year and 3) are subject to long dry seasons which last several months. 2019-10-27T16:16:37Z tropical dry broadleaf forest A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. 2019-10-27T16:17:13Z tropical moist broadleaf forest A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) s subject to a year-round warm climate 2) may receive several hundred centimeters or rain per year and 3) are subject to long dry seasons which last several months. 2019-10-27T16:22:12Z subtropical dry broadleaf forest A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. 2019-10-27T16:23:15Z subtropical moist broadleaf forest A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z flooded grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z montane grassland A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland A grassland which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z mediterranean grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subpolar grassland A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z construction An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z organic object Cell culturing is the aseptic maintainance and growth of collections of cells outside of an organisms or natural environment in a suitable culture medium. 2019-10-29T15:24:37Z cell culturing Cell culturing is the aseptic maintainance and growth of collections of cells outside of an organisms or natural environment in a suitable culture medium. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E18.htm A manufactured product which has been designed to contain a mass of biomaterial. 2019-11-05T12:33:39Z biomaterial containment unit A biomaterial containment unit which is designed to allow the growth and propagation of the biomaterial it contains. 2019-11-05T12:42:14Z biomaterial culturing unit A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth of selected cell populations (often at the expense of others) within a community by altering the conditions of the environment within its confines. 2019-11-05T12:46:26Z enrichment culturing unit A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth and propagation of cells in an artificial medium. 2019-11-05T13:06:03Z cell culturing unit 2019-11-05T13:09:22Z cultured organic material Sediment through which hydrothermally modified fluids flow, altering its properties through interaction with their own. 2019-11-05T17:28:10Z hydrothermally-influenced sediment An enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material bearing ecological assemblages undergoing selection through experimentally imposed conditions. 2019-11-05T17:34:16Z active enrichment culturing unit A plume which is composed primarily of bubbles. bubble plume An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. 2023-09-07T13:10:32Z ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions with no free oxygen. 2019-11-06T12:22:13Z active anaerobic enrichment culturing unit An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions that favour the reduction of sulphate. 2019-11-06T12:23:30Z active sulphate-reducing enrichment culturing unit An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions that favour the reduction of sulphate. An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. 2023-09-07T13:35:09Z climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. 2023-09-07T16:56:05Z anthropised ecosystem An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. 2023-09-07T16:58:25Z human settlement A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome A biome which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:10Z mediterranean biome A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome A biome which is subject to subapline altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:01:49Z subalpine biome A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome An environment in which living organisms have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed 2019-11-07T16:34:23Z safe environment for living organisms An environment in which material entities have a low likelihood of being damaged or destroyed. This branch will be axiomatised in subsequent revisions, most likely using classes from NBO and OAE. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/899 for a link trail. 2019-11-07T16:35:08Z safe environment An andosol which derives its silica content from glass and tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption. 2019-11-08T16:48:01Z volcanic soil An andosol which derives its silica content from glass and tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption. An environmental process during which momentum is transferred from one material entity to another. 2019-11-20T14:50:39Z Momentum is a bit tricky, it's the product of mass and velocity thus can be understood as rest energy and kinetic energy. But this is variable. momentum transfer process QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'material entity' A momentum transfer process which unfolds as winds generate drag at the bottom of the atmosphere,coupled to dynamical forcing at the surface of the ocean. 2019-11-20T14:53:01Z envoMarine atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process A momentum transfer process which unfolds as winds generate drag at the bottom of the atmosphere,coupled to dynamical forcing at the surface of the ocean. A rate which inheres in an atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process. 2019-11-20T15:01:37Z envoEOVs envoMarine ocean surface stress A rate which inheres in an atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process. Frost which is composed of interlocking ice crystals formed by vapour transfer (sublimation followed by deposition) of water vapour on some surface. 2020-02-12T20:54:38Z hoar frost white frost hoar Frost which is composed of interlocking ice crystals formed by vapour transfer (sublimation followed by deposition) of water vapour on some surface. Hoar which is usually cup-shaped and facetted and which forms within dry, low-density snow beneath the snow surface. 2020-02-12T20:58:41Z Depth hoar is associated with very fast crystal growth under large temperature gradients. Sometimes a layer of depth hoar forms just above, and may assist in identifying the summer surface. The low density and low strength of depth hoar can make it difficult to retrieve unbroken core sections during coring, and can complicate estimates of accumulation by microwave remote sensing. Layers of depth hoar also increase the likelihood of avalanching. This is one way in which firn formation may begin. Depth hoar is similar in physical origin to crevasse hoar. depth hoar Hoar which is usually cup-shaped and facetted and which forms within dry, low-density snow beneath the snow surface. 2020-02-12T21:03:38Z hoarfrost Water ice which 1) has a white or milky and opaque appearance, 2) has a granular texture, and 3) is formed as a result of the deposition and rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they make contact with an exposed object. The previously use definition was: Frost which is 1) composed primarily of granular ice tufts, 2) formed on the windward sides of exposed objects through contact with supercooled fog or cloud, and 3) built out directly against the wind. 2020-02-12T21:03:46Z 2020-11-18T19:59:42.028Z envoCryo envoPolar Rime is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0.2-0.3 g cm-3. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. rime Water ice which 1) has a white or milky and opaque appearance, 2) has a granular texture, and 3) is formed as a result of the deposition and rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they make contact with an exposed object. Rime is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0.2-0.3 g cm-3. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. 2020-02-12T21:04:27Z glaze An environmental material which is primarily composed of minute ice crystals forming a fuzzy layer over a cold surface by direct deposition of water vapor. 2020-02-12T21:05:54Z In British usage, a day on which the minimum temperature at the level of the ground or on the tops of low, close-growing vegetation falls to -0.9C (30.4F) or below (also called a "day with ground frost"). In more general usage, "frost" can refer to the condition that exists when the temperature of the Earth's surface and Earthbound objects fall below the melting point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit). Depending upon the actual values of ambient-air temperature, dewpoint, and the temperature attained by surface objects, frost may occur in a variety of forms. These include a general freeze, hoarfrost (or white frost), and dry freeze (or black frost). If a frost period is sufficiently severe to end the growing season (or delay its beginning), it is commonly referred to as a killing frost. frost An environmental material which is primarily composed of minute ice crystals forming a fuzzy layer over a cold surface by direct deposition of water vapor. A field in which geothermal processes occur. This will usually be a part of a rocky planet's crust, with that planet being of sufficient size and age to allow geothermal activity. Such activity may also arise from gravitational effects of large bodies near a rocky astronomical body. 2020-02-13T12:41:07Z In many geothermally active fields, wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. geothermally active field A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located in the vicinity of - but not adjacent to or within - a glacier or ice sheet. 2020-02-14T13:24:52Z periglacial A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located in the vicinity of - but not adjacent to or within - a glacier or ice sheet. A geothermally active field within which geothermally heated aqueous fluids are discharged from the the surface of a rocky planet. 2020-04-08T18:29:51Z Hydrothermal activity in such fields often forming hot springs, geysers or other features at which anomalously hot water is released. hydrothermal field A geothermally active field within which geothermally heated aqueous fluids are discharged from the the surface of a rocky planet. A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process An infrared radiation process which 1) transmits radiant energy has wavelengths between 3.0 and 100 μm, 2) is emitted from a planet and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. 2020-05-18T21:55:44Z outgoing long-wave radiation up-welling long-wave radiation terrestrial long-wave flux In the Earth's climate system, long-wave radiation involves processes of absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases, aerosols, clouds and the surface. outgoing longwave radiation An infrared radiation process which 1) transmits radiant energy has wavelengths between 3.0 and 100 μm, 2) is emitted from a planet and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. An area density which inheres in a clouds by virtue of some influence exerted their mass exerts on a given area. 2020-05-18T22:11:54Z Positioning under area density may need discussion. cloud cover A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). 2020-05-18T22:22:04Z dew point A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. wind gust An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. An electromagnetic radiation process during which radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible, near-ultraviolet, or near-infrared spectra is realised. 2020-05-19T22:14:12Z short-wave radiation There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared range; therefore, the shortwave radiation range is also variously defined. It may be broadly defined to include all radiation with a wavelength of 0.1 micrometers and 5.0 micrometers or narrowly defined so as to include only radiation between 0.2 micrometers and 3.0 micrometers. shortwave radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible, near-ultraviolet, or near-infrared spectra is realised. There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared range; therefore, the shortwave radiation range is also variously defined. It may be broadly defined to include all radiation with a wavelength of 0.1 micrometers and 5.0 micrometers or narrowly defined so as to include only radiation between 0.2 micrometers and 3.0 micrometers. Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. 2020-05-19T22:41:55Z PAR Many definitions specify that this is Solar radiation, but consistency is lacking. photosynthetically active radiation Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z envoAtmo envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere A planned process during which an oil or gas well is modified. 2020-06-02T13:21:28Z Interventions may change state of the well or well geometry, provide well diagnostics, or manage the production of the well. well intervention A planned process during which an oil or gas well is modified. Interventions may change state of the well or well geometry, provide well diagnostics, or manage the production of the well. A well intervention during which the production of an oil or gas well is increased by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir into the well bore. 2020-06-02T13:52:57Z well stimulation A well intervention during which the production of an oil or gas well is increased by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir into the well bore. A well stimulation technique during which bedrock formations are fractured through the injection of pressurized proppant-bearing liquid into a well-bore. 2020-06-02T13:54:58Z frac'ing fraccing fracing fracking hydrofracking hydrofracturing When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. hydraulic fracturing A well stimulation technique during which bedrock formations are fractured through the injection of pressurized proppant-bearing liquid into a well-bore. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. A liquid environmental material which is composed primarily of water ammended with thickening agents and proppants. 2020-06-02T17:50:36Z fracking water fracking liquid A liquid environmental material which is composed primarily of water ammended with thickening agents and proppants. A well which has been drilled in order to extract natrual gas from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. 2020-06-02T18:22:00Z gas well A well which has been drilled in order to extract natrual gas from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. 2020-06-04T14:52:24Z pit A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. 2020-06-04T14:55:12Z manure pit A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. 2020-06-04T15:00:56Z hatchery A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. A hatchery in which the eggs of poultry are hatched under artificial conditions. 2020-06-04T15:07:21Z poultry hatchery A hatchery in which the eggs of poultry are hatched under artificial conditions. A debris flow which is causally preceded by rainfall. 2020-07-13T18:44:15Z debris flow following rainfall Snow which is composed of heavily rimed particles typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (0.1 to 0.2 inch). Subclass by shape into conical, hexagonal, and lump (irregular) graupel. Mark Parsons notes that the formational processes may be a source of useful differentia to distinguish graupel from other snow types. 2020-07-22T19:10:46Z snow pellets Often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except for the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm. Sometimes distinguished by shape into conical, hexagonal, and lump (irregular) graupel. graupel Snow which is composed of heavily rimed particles typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (0.1 to 0.2 inch). 2020-08-05T13:41:19Z transient tracer A transient tracer role which inheres in chemical entities in seawater. The axiomatisation includes the tracers mentioned in the corresponding GOOS EOV specification sheet, viewable here: https://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17476 2020-08-05T13:41:33Z marine transient tracer envoEOVs Compounds which realise this role can be used in the ocean to quantify ventilation, transit time distribution and transport time-scales. These compounds are all conservative in seawater, or have well-defined decay functions, and a well-established source function over time at the ocean surface. oceanic transient tracer Compounds which realise this role can be used in the ocean to quantify ventilation, transit time distribution and transport time-scales. These compounds are all conservative in seawater, or have well-defined decay functions, and a well-established source function over time at the ocean surface. A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with, or close to, a glacial margin. 2020-09-09T18:22:06Z The meaning of "close to" is hard to represent accurately. Community agreement on this is not visible. proglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with, or close to, a glacial margin. In SWEET this is modelled as a process, however the GCW definitions to not support this understanding. A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with or below a glacial bed. 2020-09-09T18:28:52Z The lower bound of "below" is ambiguous. subglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with or below a glacial bed. A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with the upper surface of a glacier or objects on top of the glacier. 2020-09-09T18:37:45Z The lower bound of "below" is ambiguous. supraglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with the upper surface of a glacier or objects on top of the glacier. Hoar which a) forms on surfaces, b) occurs when the temperature of the surface is colder than the air above and colder than the frost point of that air. 2020-09-09T19:10:18Z When buried by snowfall, surface hoar may be considered depth hoar. The crystals formed by surface hoar are usually leaf-, fern- or plate-shaped and facetted. Two types of surface hoar are the fernlike ice crystals deposited directly on a snow surface and the hoarfrost that has grown primarily in two dimensions, as on a window or other smooth surface. surface hoar Hoar which a) forms on surfaces, b) occurs when the temperature of the surface is colder than the air above and colder than the frost point of that air. A water ice crystal which is a part of a deposit of hoarfrost and which only grows by desublimation. 2020-09-09T19:31:29Z white frost crystal hoar frost crystal hoar crystal A water ice crystal which is a part of a deposit of hoarfrost and which only grows by desublimation. A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform A landform which is submerged underneath a body of liquid. 2021-05-15T09:38:46Z submerged landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. A paper product which has been manufactured to facilitate the writing of letters. 2021-05-15T12:14:34Z letter paper A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of calcium hydroxide flows. 2021-06-08T13:17:37Z calcic spring A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of lithium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:33:32Z lithia spring A spring through which water with elevated concentrations of iron salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:36:47Z chalybeate spring A spring through which water with elevated concentrations of hydrated double sulfate aluminium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:37:57Z alum spring A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of sodium, calcium, or magnesium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:40:07Z saline spring salt spring A mineral spring through which water with a high pH flows. 2021-06-08T13:41:11Z alkaline spring A mineral spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved carbon dioxide gas flows. 2021-06-08T13:43:57Z soda spring A mineral spring through which water with elevated levels of radioactive material flows. 2021-06-08T13:44:42Z radioactive spring A spring through which water with a neutral pH flows. 2021-06-11T10:29:24Z neutral spring A spring through which water with a neutral pH flows. MA:ma A spring through which water with a low pH flows. 2021-06-11T10:31:09Z acid spring acidic spring A spring through which water with a low pH flows. MA:ma 2021-06-28T12:00:54Z reef A vehicle designed to fly in outer space. spacecraft A vehicle designed to fly in outer space. A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. water-holding capacity A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. grain particle A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. clay particle The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of clay A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. A one-dimensional temporal region which spans the duration an astronomical body completes one rotation on its axis. day A day during which water-based rainfall occurs. The threshold of precipitation at which humans consider a day 'rainy' is aribitrary. rainy day Percolation during which water moves through the interstices of soil. water percolation through soil percolation of water through soil A material transport process during which a fluid is filtered through porous soild or semi-solid materials. This is not necessarily advective, and the properties of and processes participated in by the fluid may change. percolation A material transport process during which a fluid is filtered through porous soild or semi-solid materials. A material transport process during which a liquid which is not absorbed or otherwise held in place by a material is transported away from its location. Drainage may occur due to natural (e.g. gravitational) or artificial processes (e.g. pumping) drainage process A material transport process during which a liquid which is not absorbed or otherwise held in place by a material is transported away from its location. A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. convective transport process A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. convective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. advective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. diffusion Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO. material diffusion process A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. An energy transfer process during which a material entity receives energy through radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:00Z The term irradiation usually - but not always - excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, visible light, microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and TV receivers and power supplies. Please use the subclasses of this term for precision. irradiation An energy transfer process during which a material entity receives energy through radiation. The term irradiation usually - but not always - excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, visible light, microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and TV receivers and power supplies. Please use the subclasses of this term for precision. Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through ionizing radiation. irradiation by ionising radiation Usage of this term typically excludes low or background levels of exposure, and is often linked with a purpose such as sterilisation. This class does not differentiate on such a basis, and subclasses - e.g. "irradiation by ionizing radiation for sterilization" can be created for specific applications if required. irradiation by ionizing radiation Usage of this term typically excludes low or background levels of exposure, and is often linked with a purpose such as sterilisation. This class does not differentiate on such a basis, and subclasses - e.g. "irradiation by ionizing radiation for sterilization" can be created for specific applications if required. Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through non-ionizing radiation. irradiation by non-ionising radiation Note that some forms of ultraviolet radiation can be ionising, thus it is not included in the logical axioms of this class. irradiation by non-ionizing radiation Note that some forms of ultraviolet radiation can be ionising, thus it is not included in the logical axioms of this class. Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through photosynthetically active radiation. irradiation by photosynthetically active radiation Wave energy which inheres in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields and which is realised when they oscillate and propagate. electromagnetic radiant energy electromagnetic wave energy Wave energy which inheres in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields and which is realised when they oscillate and propagate. Energy which inheres in a wave and is realised during its propagation. wave energy A part of an environmental system whose boundaries are determined by fiat. Subclasses of this class have fiat (and only fiat) boundaries - that is, boundaries which are determined by human consensus or opinion rather than (and sometimes in contrast to) well-defined physical discontinuities. We distinguish these from entities that have fuzzy or hard to define boundaries that do overlap some form of physical discontinuity. fiat part of an astronomical object A gaseous part of an atmosphere in which gases have increased atmospheric pressure. Air is not specified directly (although the definition subsumes air masses) to allow for other forms of low pressure areas in planetary atmospheres. area of high atmospheric pressure A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle ENVO ENVO:02000000 hypodermic needle A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile ENVO ENVO:02000001 textile A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. ENVO ENVO:02000002 bedclothing Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. GEMINA:ag URL:http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=bedclothing&r=66 URL:http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/bedclothes A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. pockmark field A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. ENVO ENVO:02000004 nesting material Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock ENVO livestock ENVO:02000005 obsolete livestock-associated habitat true Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. URL:http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/publications/wolfplan/plan8.htm URL:http://www.pbs.org/strangedays/glossary/L.html URL:http://www.vbgov.com/vgn.aspxLivestock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO:01000312 ENVO ENVO:02000006 obsolete cultured habitat true Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_culture This branch should be moved to OBI or a more appropriate ontology. tissue culture Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E23.htm#TopOfPage A cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture cell culture A cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research. URL:http://stemcells.nih.gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7b3C35BAB6-0FE6-4C4E-95F2-2CB61B58D96D%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2fglossary%2easp&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#cellculture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_tissue_culture plant tissue culture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. URL:http://www.sivb.org/edu_terminology.asp Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_culture organ culture Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E18.htm FOODON:00001265 ENVO ENVO:02000011 obsolete buffalo milk true FOODON:00001266 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_milk ENVO ENVO:02000012 obsolete camel milk true FOODON:00001267 ENVO ENVO:02000013 obsolete donkey milk true FOODON:00001268 ENVO ENVO:02000014 obsolete horse milk true FOODON:00001269 ENVO ENVO:02000015 obsolete reindeer milk true FOODON:00001270 ENVO ENVO:02000016 obsolete water buffalo milk true FOODON:00001271 ENVO ENVO:02000017 obsolete yak milk true FOODON:00001272 ENVO ENVO:02000018 obsolete zebra milk true An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodily_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bodily fluid material An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bodily+fluid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. amniotic fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. excreta material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/excreta A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. gall ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bile material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. aqueous humour material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sweat material An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. chymus ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyme material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood plasma material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_wax cerumen material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. ear wax material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerumen A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid CSF material Liquor cerebrospinalis ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. cerebrospinal fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyle material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. URL:http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chyle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. breast milk material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. URL:http://www.fcs.uga.edu/ext/bbb/info/glossary.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. vitreous humour material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vitreous humor material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_humour A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_effusion pleural effusion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. tear material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. URL:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tear A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. oronasal secretion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. Gemina:ls A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. saliva material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/saliva A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sebum material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. pus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. synovial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. mucus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. lymph material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/lymph A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid material tissue fluid material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. interstitial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. biological product A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. URL:http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/research/resources/DAIDSClinRsrch/Glossary/ This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliceous_ooze ENVO ENVO:02000044 envoPolar siliceous ooze Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000045 red clay Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediments Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000046 calcareous ooze Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_feed fodder Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. animal feed Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodder Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. contaminated animal feed Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. URL:http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/glossary.htm Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. envoPolar coastal water body Coastal water is a marine water body bordering a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal FOODON:00001273 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach ENVO ENVO:02000050 obsolete spinach true Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk raw milk ENVO ENVO:02000051 obsolete unpasteurized milk product true Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella ENVO ENVO:02000052 umbrella A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide ENVO ENVO:02000053 hide A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hides A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal bone meal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of plants. plant feed FOODON:00001274 ENVO ENVO:02000056 obsolete egg product true FOODON:00001275 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_egg ENVO ENVO:02000057 obsolete hen's egg product true A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth ENVO ENVO:02000058 cloth A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cloth A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. topsoil ENVO ENVO:02000059 surface soil A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. URL:http://www.answers.com/topic/topsoil?cat=technology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#_note-0 FOODON:00001276 ENVO:00002208 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_cider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider cider ENVO ENVO:02000060 obsolete apple cider true FOODON:00001277 ENVO ENVO:02000061 obsolete unpasteurized orange juice true https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessert ENVO ENVO:02000062 obsolete dessert true FOODON:00001278 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake ENVO ENVO:02000063 obsolete cake true FOODON:00001279 ENVO ENVO:02000064 obsolete cake icing true FOODON:00001280 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate ENVO ENVO:02000065 obsolete chocolate true FOODON:00001281 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard ENVO ENVO:02000066 obsolete custard true FOODON:00001282 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_beef beef mince hamburger meat minced beef ENVO ENVO:02000067 obsolete ground beef true FOODON:00001283 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry ENVO ENVO:02000068 obsolete poultry product true FOODON:00001284 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck ENVO ENVO:02000069 obsolete duck meat product true FOODON:00001285 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose ENVO ENVO:02000070 obsolete goose meat product true FOODON:00001286 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey ENVO ENVO:02000071 obsolete turkey meat product true FOODON:00001287 SWEETRealm:Mushroom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom ENVO ENVO:02000072 obsolete mushroom true ENVO ENVO:02000073 obsolete bean plant true FOODON:00001288 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantaloupe cantaloup muskmelon ENVO ENVO:02000074 obsolete cantaloupe true ENVO ENVO:02000075 obsolete peanut plant true FOODON:00001289 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_salad ENVO ENVO:02000076 obsolete potato salad true FOODON:00001290 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing ENVO ENVO:02000077 obsolete salad dressing true FOODON:00001291 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam ENVO ENVO:02000078 obsolete clam product true FOODON:00001292 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster ENVO ENVO:02000079 obsolete oyster product true FOODON:00001293 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish ENVO ENVO:02000080 obsolete shellfish product true A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. This is a legacy term, formerly in the manufactured product hierarchy under "paper product". A "letter paper" term is now present where this term once was. ENVO is not the right ontology for the generically dependent continuant class, but will host it for now. letter A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter FOODON:00001294 ENVO ENVO:02000082 obsolete unpasteurized goat milk cheese true FOODON:00001295 ENVO ENVO:02000083 obsolete Pecorino cheese true ENVO ENVO:02000084 goat manure FOODON:00001296 ENVO ENVO:02000085 obsolete unpasteurized sheep milk cheese true FOODON:00001297 ENVO ENVO:02000086 obsolete unpasteruized cow milk cheese true FOODON:00001298 ENVO ENVO:02000087 obsolete unpasteurized camel milk true FOODON:00001299 ENVO ENVO:02000088 obsolete unpasteurized caprine milk true FOODON:00001300 ENVO ENVO:02000089 obsolete unpasteurized ovine milk true An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned. ash An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. coal A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. iron mine uranium mine a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. ore Ore which contains uranium. The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite uranium ore iron ore gold ore platinum ore Dust which is derived from coal. coal dust Dust which is derived from mineral material. mineral dust Dust which is composed of fibrous material. fibrous dust fibrous glass dust Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. metallic dust cement dust Dust which is derived from clay material. clay dust Dust which is derived from asbestos asbestos dust Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. grain dust Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0305.html cotton dust dust from plant parts A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. open-pit mine A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. copper ore A gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale. fume welding fume paraffin wax fume Respirable vapor of vanadium. vanadium fume Respirable vapor of vanadium. aluminum welding fume A wax that is naturally synthesized by a plant or animal. natural wax A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. paraffin wax A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. kerogen shale oil shale An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. kerogen shale zinc chloride fume peat extraction A drainage process during which water is transported away from peat. peat drainage A drainage process during which water is transported away from peat. Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. paint Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. Paint that contains lead. lead paint Paint that contains lead. A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. transportation A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. the residue powder that is derived from the combustion of wood. wood ash the residue powder that is derived from the combustion of wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_ash Ash that is produced from the burning of coal. coal combustion residuals coal ash Ash that is produced from the burning of coal. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics coal combustion residuals https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics A very fine, powdery material composed mostly of silica made from the burning of finely ground coal in a boiler. fly ash A very fine, powdery material composed mostly of silica made from the burning of finely ground coal in a boiler. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics a coarse, angular ash particle that is too large to be carried up into the smoke stacks so it forms in the bottom of the coal furnace. bottom ash a coarse, angular ash particle that is too large to be carried up into the smoke stacks so it forms in the bottom of the coal furnace. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics molten bottom ash from slag tap and cyclone type furnaces that turns into pellets that have a smooth glassy appearance after it is cooled with water. boiler slag molten bottom ash from slag tap and cyclone type furnaces that turns into pellets that have a smooth glassy appearance after it is cooled with water. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics a material leftover from the process of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions from a coal-fired boiler that can be a wet sludge consisting of calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate or a dry powered material that is a mixture of sulfites and sulfates. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics flue gas desulfurization material A human construction which serves as a memorial. monument Monuments can commemorate people, animals, populations, events, or any other entity. constructed monument A human construction which serves as a memorial. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906 A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. nuclear reactor A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor A nuclear reactor which uses a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles. The term fast neutron may later be added to an ontology external to ENVO. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/1184 for comments. thermal reactor thermal nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor which uses a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal-neutron_reactor A nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. fast reactor Fast neutrons are neutrons carrying energies above 0.5 MeV or greater, on average. They are defined as in opposition to thermal neutrons used in thermal-neutron reactors. fast neutron reactor A nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast-neutron_reactor A nuclear reactor which serves primarily as a neutron source for purposes other than power. non-power reactor nuclear test reactor test reactor An example use of a research nucelar reactor is the production of radioisotopes for medicine and industry Research reactors are simpler than power reactors and operate at lower temperatures. They need far less fuel, and far less fission products build up as the fuel is used research nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor which serves primarily as a neutron source for purposes other than power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_reactor https://web.archive.org/web/20061231105602/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf61.htm A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. power reactor nuclear power reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor Soil which is located in a mangrove biome. mangrove soil Mangrove soils are typically saline, anoxic, acidic and frequently waterlogged. mangrove biome soil Soil which is located in a mangrove biome. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq048 An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid fluid environmental material An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 A human construction which is used to process materials into forms that have increased value or utility in downstream processes. refinery A refinery which is capable of processing petroleum oil. oil refinery Petroleum processing is an industrial process in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. petroleum oil refinery A refinery which is capable of processing petroleum oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery A refinery which is capable of processing raw sugar. Raw sugar is processed from cane or beets into white refined sugar. sugar refinery A refinery which is capable of processing raw sugar. Raw sugar is processed from cane or beets into white refined sugar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_refinery A refinery which is capable of processing natural gas. Natural-gas processing encompasses a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing impurities, contaminants and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas natural gas processing plant A refinery which is capable of processing natural gas. Natural-gas processing encompasses a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing impurities, contaminants and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-gas_processing A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. industrial chemical processing chemical engineering process A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering https://www.britannica.com/technology/chemical-engineering A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities. refining refinement process A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining refining https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining A chemical engineering process that produces ammonia en masse via artificial nitrogen fixation. Haber process This process is the primary synthetic means of producing fertilizer Haber-Bosch process A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. hydrogen production process A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_production A mineral deposit that contains uranium ore. uranium ore deposit uranium deposit A uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions have occurred. Oklo is the only known location for this in the world and consists of 16 sites at which self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions are thought to have taken place approximately 1.7 billion years ago, and ran for a few hundred thousand years, averaging probably less than 100 kW of thermal power during that time natural nuclear fission reactor A uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions have occurred. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. environmental_hazards flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. envoPolar greenhouse effect A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 envoPolar ecosystem-wide photosynthesis A process which consists of all respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 ecosystem-wide respiration A biogeochemical process during which one or more chemical compounds are sequentially converted into a series of related compounds in a regularly repeating, periodic fashion. envoPolar biogeochemical cycling A biogeochemical cycle which has carbon-bearing chemical entities as participants. carbon cycle envoPolar carbon cycling Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests. afforestation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/167 An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. clearance clearing deforestation An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2036 The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. reforestation is reestablishment of forest where the forest recently existed[IPCC] reforestation The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. Adapted from GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6979 To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation. forest process forest area expansion ENVO:02500013 obsolete anthropogenic reforestation true A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. envoPolar This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. algal bloom process A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom obsolete alga true A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. algal bloom collapse A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom algal bloom process phase A process during which the algal cells constituting an algal bloom produce biomass from abiotic components during photosynthesis. algal production TODO; add axioms pointing to GO organismal process; Add axioms pointing to toxin role accumulation of toxins from algal bloom process degradation of toxins from algal bloom process A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process anthropogenic modulatory intervention process An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. envoPolar planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion An erosional process in which bedrock is converted from its solid form into a solute by the action of some solvent. bedrock dissolution A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities envoPolar biogeochemical process A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities. planned revegetation Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. evaporation Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts of that plant, such as from leaves but also from stems and flowers. Needs a process part "water transport" or similar and some link to plants to be complete. transpiration An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution environmental_hazards Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy) environmental pollution An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. environmental_hazards envoPolar air pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. environmental_hazards envoPolar soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. environmental_hazards envoPolar water pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. environmental_hazards envoPlastics envoPolar plastic pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. envoPolar pollution monitoring A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment. environmental_hazards urban pollution Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 névé envoPolar Névé that survives a full season of ablation turns into firn. neve Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9 Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Firn derives from névé which has survived a full season of ablation and has undergone a metamorphic transition. firn Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firn A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. Link to mass wasting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Often, the weight of material deposited on top of powdery snow by, for example, mass wasting, can lead to nivation. nivation A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivation Any water ice that is part of a glacier. It is suggested that users complement this term with ice terms that are more descriptive of the ice itself, rather than its location/parthood. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar glacial ice Any water ice that is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar erosionally enriched glacial ice Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ An erosion process during which the movement of a glacier across a terrestrial surface causes the removal of material from that surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glaciation envoPolar glacial erosion process Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar The blue 'appearance' is to be understood as that within the visual range of humans. blue ice Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_ice_(glacial) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of ice ice accumulation envoPolar ice gain A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone A material transport process during which the snow and ice constituting a glacier, and anything contained within it, is transported down a slope by gravitation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial flow glacial movement envoPolar This must be differentiated from small ice masses simply falling or moving down slopes. In ENVO, this is a subclass of advective transport process, however, this may not be universally accepted by some which strictly limit advection to fluids. glacial transport process A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar The decreased size axiom is debatable cirque glacier A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material decumulation process A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decumulation A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar glacial ice loss A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar englacial stream A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095752518 A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 eolian æolian envoPolar aeolian transport process A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_processes Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar soot Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar erosionally enriched ice Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Described as having a fluffy appearance. powdery snow Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_snow https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/characteristics.html A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar glacial ice gain A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacier calving envoPolar Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. glacial ice calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 iceberg calving glacier calving envoPolar Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. iceberg calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 A process during which a part of an iceberg breaks away from the main mass. It would be ideal to express that the size of the icemass calved must be smaller than an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar calving of ice from an iceberg A process during which a part of an iceberg breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 marine sediments envoPolar Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input. marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. In this definition we refer to sedimentation processes that occured above the shelf, however this should be relaxed to include the continental shelf and slope. output of sedimentation process which occured in neritic zone biome http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 shallow marine sediments neritic marine sediment envoPolar shallow marine sediment Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 supraglacial lakes envoPolar supraglacial lake A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraglacial_lake A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sedimentation in a water body An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AblationZone area of glacial ablation glacial ablation area glacial ice ablation area envoPolar This class is more fully defined as: "The part of the glacier, usually at lower elevations, where ablation exceeds accumulation in magnitude, that is, where the cumulative mass balance relative to the start of the mass-balance year is negative. Unless qualified, for example by giving a date within the year, references to the ablation zone refer to its extent at the end of the mass-balance year. The extent of the ablation zone can vary strongly from year to year. A synonym of ablation area." - GCW Terminology and Vocabulary Assessment Report 2018”, GCW report #23/2018 glacial ice ablation zone An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AblationZone SWEET asserts this to be a subclass of cryo:GlacialRegion, thus the lack of link to ice sheets. This class is more fully defined as: "The part of the glacier, usually at lower elevations, where ablation exceeds accumulation in magnitude, that is, where the cumulative mass balance relative to the start of the mass-balance year is negative. Unless qualified, for example by giving a date within the year, references to the ablation zone refer to its extent at the end of the mass-balance year. The extent of the ablation zone can vary strongly from year to year. A synonym of ablation area." - GCW Terminology and Vocabulary Assessment Report 2018”, GCW report #23/2018 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. This actually is formed as a result of an accumulation process involving the constituents of cryoconite. When their semantics are more stable, we can axiomatise this fully. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar cryoconite deposit Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v13/n11/full/nrmicro3522.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoconite A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. The general semantics of depressions are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cryoconite holes envoPolar This class doesn't refer to the site but instead the depression or hole and therefore the adjacency to the cryoconite itself. cryoconite hole A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. http://glaciers.pdx.edu/Projects/Antarctica/CryoconiteHoles/Cryo_main.html A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 melt ponds meltpond meltponds envoPolar melt pond A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond A channel through which brine flows. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 brine channels envoPolar brine channel A channel through which brine flows. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/brine-channels A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar This process may be considered a material accumulation process as it is the accumulation of brine droplets which form the channels. brine channel formation process A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sea ice formation process A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Expelled salt accumulates in brine droplets, which remain in a liquid state due to their increased salinity. brine rejection from seawater A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_rejection New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrazilIce envoPolar Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. frazil ice New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar frazil ice formation A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazil_ice#Formation https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 thaw holes envoPolar thaw hole A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary-terms/sea-ice A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar atmosphere-exposed melt pond A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar In practice, there may be some openings which are small relative to the surface footprint of the meltpond. ice-encased melt pond A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. https://phys.org/news/2017-01-arctic-ponds-meltwater-clogs-ice.html A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. Add axioms to show that this is on the larger side in a size continuum between ice-encased meltponds and intraglacial lakes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 intraglacial lakes envoPolar intraglacial lake A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258663667_Detection_of_a_subglacial_lake_in_Glacier_de_Tete_Rousse_Mont_Blanc_area_France https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313281555_Antarctic_subglacial_lakes_drain_through_sediment-floored_canals_Theory_and_model_testing_on_real_and_idealized_domains A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar depositional process A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(geology) A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar desublimation of water vapour into ice An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. Make this class the union of the following processes: frazil ice formation, grease ice formation process, slush formation process, and shuga formation process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar new ice formation process An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ENVO:03000044 envoPolar obsolete sea ice formation process true An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#Formation A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar nilas formation process A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar young ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar First year ice that survives melting during spring and summer can transition to second year ice. first year ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Second year ice forms from first year ice which has previously survived one melt season. second year ice formation A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Multiyear ice forms from second year ice which has previously survived at least two melt seasons. multiyear ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar sea ice types include frazil, grease ice, slush, and shuga. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. new ice Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice An ice mass which forms a cohesive and contiguous sheet of water ice, floating upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ice floes envoPolar Ice floes can exist in sea ice, in rivers or lakes. The WMO offers the following extent-based classification. Floe giant: Over 10 km across. Floe vast: 2-10 km across. Floe big: 500-2000 m across. Floe medium: 100-500 m across. Floe small: 20-100 m across. Ice cake: Less than 20 m across. Small ice cake: Less than 2 m across. ice floe An ice mass which forms a cohesive and contiguous sheet of water ice, floating upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe Ice floes can exist in sea ice, in rivers or lakes. The WMO offers the following extent-based classification. Floe giant: Over 10 km across. Floe vast: 2-10 km across. Floe big: 500-2000 m across. Floe medium: 100-500 m across. Floe small: 20-100 m across. Ice cake: Less than 20 m across. Small ice cake: Less than 2 m across. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Floe sea ice floes envoPolar sea ice floe An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar pancake ice A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_ice https://web.archive.org/web/20040712022508/http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca:80/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=10992&Lang=eng A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar nilas A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/nilas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar young ice A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeasonalIce seasonal ice envoPolar Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. first year ice Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/tag/first-year-ice/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 seasonal ice First year ice which melts before the next freezing season is often referred to as seasonal ice. By definition, seasonal ice cannot become second year ice. Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar second year ice Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar multiyear ice Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Within a marine system, grease ice makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick. grease ice layer A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/grease-ice New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. shuga New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/shuga https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/shuga A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. slush ice A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/slush A layer which consists of slush ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar slush ice layer A layer which consists of slush ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush A new ice formation process in which slush ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar slush formation process A new ice formation process in which shuga is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar shuga formation process A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cave-in lake thaw lake thermokarst lakes envoPolar Continued thawing of the permafrost substrate can lead to the drainage and eventual disappearance of thermokarst lakes, leaving only the landform, thermokarst depression behind. thermokarst lake A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar On Earth, the bright blue appearance, in the light spectrum visible to humans, is due to increased abundances of microorganisms attracted to sulfur compounds associated with the methane release. methane-releasing thermokarst lake A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://www.sciencealert.com/photos-reveal-more-than-200-bright-blue-arctic-lakes-have-started-bubbling-with-methane-gas A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar thermokarst depression A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Thermokarst is usually found in Arctic or mountainous areas. thermokarst An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst A permafrost thawing process during which water-based ice or snow present in permafrost is converted into meltwater. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar ice-bearing permafrost thawing process A permafrost thawing process during which water-based ice or snow present in permafrost is converted into meltwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. It would probably be better to assert parthood between the permafrost and cavities filled with gas rather than the gases themselves. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 bulgunyakh envoPolar Other hydrocarbon gasses such as carbon dioxide may also be present. These pockets can be sufficently large that the permafrost surface will undulate when pressure is applied. methane-laden permafrost Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 gigantic funnel envoPolar permafrost crater derived from a methane explosion A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 explosion envoPolar Supersonic explosions are known as detonations and subsonic explosions as deflagrations. explosion process A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 environmental_hazards envoPolar permafrost methane explosion An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar gas emission process A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Some hydrocarbon gasses within the atmosphere contribute to the planetary green house gas effect by increasing absorption of solar energy. hydrocarbon gas emission process A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. methane gas emission process A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases A process during which the intesity of stellar radiation received by a planet's surface varies in a cyclical regime due to the planet's orbital motion around the barycentre of a planetary system and/or the tilt of its rotational axis relative to its orbital plane. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar The seasons that are generated by this process are divisions of time between warm (maximal radiation exposure) and cold (minimum radiation exposure) extremes. Depending on the planet's makeup, the resulting seasonal dynamics may include ecological and meteorological cycles which may form the basis for further divisions of the cycle (e.g. rainy season, dry season, wildfire season). season generating process A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters. Season could be implemented as a subclass of one-dimensional temporal region, however, this will need further thought and discussion with BFO editors. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoAstro envoPolar season A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part exceeds that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. warm season A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part is below that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. cold season A material transformation process during which a material entity melts during a warm season. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar seasonal melting process A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. We should add the subclass axiom: 'has output' some ('environmental material' and 'has quality' some 'decreased porosity') once PATO:decreased porosity is available see ENVO issue #497 Additional axioms could also refer to object aggregates becoming objects within an environmental material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar solid-phase sintering A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. Axioms will probably need to be updated if the axiomatisation of solid-phase sintering changes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar glacial sintering A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar aeolian transport of snow An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting An accumulation process during which a powdery snow carried on the wind settles on a solid surface, forming a mound. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 drifting of unsintered snow envoPolar snow drift formation A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 environmental_hazards envoPolar Slab avalanches account for most back-country fatalities. slab avalanche A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche An avalanche during which powdery snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 powder snow avalanche environmental_hazards envoPolar powdery snow avalanche An avalanche during which powdery snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 environmental_hazards envoPolar Wet snow avalanches travel at a lower velocity than other types of avalanches. wet snow avalanche An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar slab snow Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://www.fsavalanche.org/slab A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar cryoform A mass of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of snow snow accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation envoPolar snow mass An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 snowdrift unsintered snow envoPolar snow drift An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting An accumulation of snow and firn which rests upon land. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 snowpatch envoPolar snow patch A snow patch which forms during a cold season and melts away during the succeeding warm season. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it 'ends during' some 'warm season' (but not with that axiom as that is for processes not a material entity). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 seasonal snowpatch envoPolar seasonal snow patch A snow patch which persists through at least one seasonal cycle. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it has survived two or more melt seasons. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 perennial snowpatch envoPolar A snow patch is defined as perennial if it survives two or more melt seasons. perennial snow patch A snow mass which is large enough, and persists long enough, to undergo compaction under its own weight, leading to layer-like structural differentiation. Given that SWEET considers the term to be a thickness and ENVO currently considers it a mass of snow. We have mismatch with the SWEET class, however, in ENVO we will take this term to be a mass of environmental material not a quality based on the harmonized GCW definition. See https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet/issues/236#issue-805822974. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow pack envoCryo envoPolar Snowpack is found in geographic regions experiencing cold weather for extended periods of time. The GCW analysis of multiple glossaries found eight definitions of snowpack, with many commonalities but also disagreements. Please see the corresponding report "WMO GCW Nomenclature Assessment" for more information. snowpack A snow mass which is large enough, and persists long enough, to undergo compaction under its own weight, leading to layer-like structural differentiation. A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. Intended to be a top level class for wide variety of channel-like entities. It’s particulars may change once more subclasses are accumulated. This is distinct from 'channel of a watercourse', which is a depression. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar channel A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/channel A melt pond which and is exposed to the atmosphere and to a lesser degree water underlying the ice mass which contains it. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 open melt pond envoPolar atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond A melt pond which is formed close to that part of an ice mass which is in contact with some underlying water body, and which has channels connecting it to that water body. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar water column exposed melt pond A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 subglacial lakes envoPolar subglacial lake A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar erosion through nivation An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nivation A fire which is planned and executed deliberately under human supervision. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fire-stick farming Fire-stick farming was the practice of Indigenous Australians who regularly used fire to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. Aboriginal people may have been able to aim the burning of the scrub to avoid growing areas. There may have been a ritual taboo against burning certain areas of jungle. This type of farming directly increased the food supply for Aboriginal people by promoting the growth of bush potatoes and other edible ground-level plants. Planned burns are conducted for a variety of reasons such combating or preventing uncontrolled wildfires in order by reducing the fuel load in a wooded or similar areas with combustible vegetation. Alternatively planned burns, such as those practiced by various indigenous people, are conducted for a variety of reasons including facilitating agriculture, hunting and or traveling. As well as managing populations of parasitic species or game animals by decreasing or increasing the size of their habitats respectively. planned burn A fire which is planned and executed deliberately under human supervision. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_burn Fire-stick farming was the practice of Indigenous Australians who regularly used fire to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. Aboriginal people may have been able to aim the burning of the scrub to avoid growing areas. There may have been a ritual taboo against burning certain areas of jungle. This type of farming directly increased the food supply for Aboriginal people by promoting the growth of bush potatoes and other edible ground-level plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-stick_farming Planned burns are conducted for a variety of reasons such combating or preventing uncontrolled wildfires in order by reducing the fuel load in a wooded or similar areas with combustible vegetation. Alternatively planned burns, such as those practiced by various indigenous people, are conducted for a variety of reasons including facilitating agriculture, hunting and or traveling. As well as managing populations of parasitic species or game animals by decreasing or increasing the size of their habitats respectively. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_use_of_fire_in_ecosystems#Reasons_for_and_Benefits_of_burning The concentration of nitrate and nitrite when measured in liquid water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 liquid water nitrate and nitrite concentration concentration of nitrate and nitrite in liquid water A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acid rainfall A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acidic water-based rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. Pending decision of placement of season as one-dimensional temporal region, we should add axioms cross linking to monsoon winds, as well as increased prevalence of water-based rainfall. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 On Earth, monsoon seasons typically occur in West Africa, Asia and Australia. monsoon season A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon An atmospheric wind during which air masses over an ocean flow towards a land mass, driven by disequilibria between land and ocean surface temperatures. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 monsoon wind An atmospheric wind during which air masses over an ocean flow towards a land mass, driven by disequilibria between land and ocean surface temperatures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monsoon A fire which occurs in a grassland, combusting biomass stored in grasses as its primary fuel. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 environmental_hazards grass fire A fire which occurs in a grassland, combusting biomass stored in grasses as its primary fuel. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/5971/ http://gfmc.online/wp-content/uploads/AFAC-Bushfire-Glossary-Indexed-2012.pdf A woodland clearing which is large enough to starve land fires of fuel, impeding their progress through wooded areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 fire break Firebreaks are typically elongated in shape and may be artificially constructed or result from a naturally occurring obstacle to a fire. Such obstacles include naturally occurring astronomical body parts such as a as rivers, lakes or canyons, or alternatively anthropologically constructed features such as roads. firebreak A woodland clearing which is large enough to starve land fires of fuel, impeding their progress through wooded areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebreak An agricultural environmental material which 1) is composed of a mixture of materials such as peat, composted bark, sand, perlite, or compost, and 2) serves as a medium in which to grow plants. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 potting soil Potting soil can be composed of a wide range of materials in varying ratios, often containing little or no actual soil. agricultural potting mixture An agricultural environmental material which 1) is composed of a mixture of materials such as peat, composted bark, sand, perlite, or compost, and 2) serves as a medium in which to grow plants. A blizzard which 1) lasts at least 3 hours, 2) combines below freezing temperatures and very strong wind, laden with blowing snow. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z envoCryo envoPolar Blizzards typically reduces visibility to less than 1 km WMO blizzard A blizzard which 1) lasts at least 3 hours, 2) combines below freezing temperatures and very strong wind, laden with blowing snow. A blizzard which has 1) winds of 35 miles per hour (approximately 56 kilometers per hour), 2) lasts for a period of at least three hours, and 3) occurs in extremely cold temperatures. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z envoCryo envoPolar The original definition has been edited to conform to ENVO's textual pattern. Subjective/observer-based differentia (e.g. visibility) have been moved to comments. The NSIDC definition notes that blizzards involve snow reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile (0.4 km) and are associated with dangerous blizzard conditions. NSIDC blizzard A blizzard which has 1) winds of 35 miles per hour (approximately 56 kilometers per hour), 2) lasts for a period of at least three hours, and 3) occurs in extremely cold temperatures. A blizzard which occurs in winter. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z envoCryo envoPolar The original definition has been edited to conform to ENVO's textual pattern. Subjective/observer-based differentia (e.g. visibility) have been moved to comments. winter blizzard A blizzard which occurs in winter. A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects, forming a coating of rime or glaze. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z envoCryo envoPolar Freezing fog forms when the air temperature is below freezing and the water droplets in the fog become supercooled. freezing fog A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects, forming a coating of rime or glaze. Freezing fog forms when the air temperature is below freezing and the water droplets in the fog become supercooled. https://www.treehugger.com/what-is-freezing-fog-4863382 A particle which is 1) primarily compposed of water ice, 2) on the order of 1 milimeter or less, 3) has a white and opaque appearance, and 4) is formed as a result of water droplets freezing during precipitation. Need to add a computable size constraint. 2020-11-18T20:22:03.870Z grain of snow granule of snow snow grain snow granule snow particle granular snow envoCryo envoPolar Precipitation in the form of very small, white opaque particles of ice; the solid equivalent of drizzle. They resemble snow pellets in external appearance, but are more flattened and elongated, and generally have diameters of less than 1 mm; they neither shatter nor bounce when they hit a hard surface. Descriptions of the physical structure of snow grains vary widely and include very fine, simple ice crystals; tiny, complex snow crystals; small, compact bundles of rime; and particles with a rime core and a fine glaze coating. It is agreed that snow grains usually fall in very small quantities, mostly from stratus clouds or from fog, and never in the form of a shower. particle of snow A particle which is 1) primarily compposed of water ice, 2) on the order of 1 milimeter or less, 3) has a white and opaque appearance, and 4) is formed as a result of water droplets freezing during precipitation. Precipitation in the form of very small, white opaque particles of ice; the solid equivalent of drizzle. They resemble snow pellets in external appearance, but are more flattened and elongated, and generally have diameters of less than 1 mm; they neither shatter nor bounce when they hit a hard surface. Descriptions of the physical structure of snow grains vary widely and include very fine, simple ice crystals; tiny, complex snow crystals; small, compact bundles of rime; and particles with a rime core and a fine glaze coating. It is agreed that snow grains usually fall in very small quantities, mostly from stratus clouds or from fog, and never in the form of a shower. Fog which is composed of particles of ice. In future will add computable renditions of size and temperature constraints. The synonyms of this class can be quite confusing, as they reference entities like frost (which requires a surface for deposition). Might need to add a new droxtal class see https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Droxtal. 2020-11-18T20:48:37.965Z frozen fog ice-crystal fog pogonip air hoar frost flakes frost fog rime fog envoCryo envoPolar The suspended particles may be partly ice crystals 20 to 100 micron in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12-20 micron in diameter. Ice fog is formed by direct freezing of supercooled water droplets with little growth directly from the vapor. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena or luminous pillars. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30 °C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45 °C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30 °C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled. ice fog Fog which is composed of particles of ice. The suspended particles may be partly ice crystals 20 to 100 micron in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12-20 micron in diameter. Ice fog is formed by direct freezing of supercooled water droplets with little growth directly from the vapor. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena or luminous pillars. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30 °C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45 °C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30 °C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled. A climate which 1) has a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F), but higher than 0°C (32°F), 2) is not conducive to a permanent surficial cover of snow or ice, and 3) supports a tundra ecosystem. Might need to add the Köppen climate classifications. Climate conditions might be obsoleted. Warmest month and mean temperature are operationally defined, will need to sort these out. Focusing on physical differential like surface cover would be preferable, (but maybe not practical). 2020-11-18T21:04:41.822Z envoCryo envoPolar In W. Köppen's 1936 climatic classification it is one of the polar climates, defined as having a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F) (in contrast to snow forest and temperate rainy climates) but higher than 0°C (32°F) (which is the limit of perpetual frost climate). Tundra is designated ET. Tundra climate appears as a temperature province in C. W. Thornthwaite's 1931 classification. tundra climate A climate which 1) has a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F), but higher than 0°C (32°F), 2) is not conducive to a permanent surficial cover of snow or ice, and 3) supports a tundra ecosystem. In W. Köppen's 1936 climatic classification it is one of the polar climates, defined as having a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F) (in contrast to snow forest and temperate rainy climates) but higher than 0°C (32°F) (which is the limit of perpetual frost climate). Tundra is designated ET. Tundra climate appears as a temperature province in C. W. Thornthwaite's 1931 classification. A cryospheric layer which is primarily composed of snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow cover envoCryo envoPolar Follows from the GCW's snow cover definition 2: In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. Given the SWEET terms location in its heirarchy I think only the 3rd definition is meant. snow layer A cryospheric layer which is primarily composed of snow. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Follows from the GCW's snow cover definition 2: In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. Given the SWEET terms location in its heirarchy I think only the 3rd definition is meant. A depth which inheres in a layer of liquid water derived from the complete melting a mass of snow contained in an area. In an area of melted snow it's the thickness of acumulated water. This involves a processing step for measurement, may be more appropriate in OBI (if it extends beyond biomedicine). 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar The quantification of snow water equivalent can be done through direct melting of snow in a defined area, or through the derivation of such a value from the processing of remote sensing data of, e.g., snow density and coverage. snow water equivalent A depth which inheres in a layer of liquid water derived from the complete melting a mass of snow contained in an area. An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] A cryosphere which is part of a planet. Replacement for ENVO:01000818 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar planetary cryosphere Land which is covered or partially covered by snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z area of snow cover land covered by snow snow covered land envoCryo envoPolar The threshold at which land is considered covered by snow varies. Please define such thresholds on the instance level, or request a subclass of this class if a threshold you know of is used by a large community of practice or in an official definition. This is one of three classes representing the idea of snow cover in the GCW glossary in addition to depth of snow and snow cover. In the GCW this refers to 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. snow-covered land Land which is covered or partially covered by snow. The threshold at which land is considered covered by snow varies. Please define such thresholds on the instance level, or request a subclass of this class if a threshold you know of is used by a large community of practice or in an official definition. This is one of three classes representing the idea of snow cover in the GCW glossary in addition to depth of snow and snow cover. In the GCW this refers to 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. A material transport process during which liquid water is circulated in the vicinity of a heat source in order to absorb thermal energy and transport it away form that source. water cooling The thickness of some snow. snow thickness thickness of snow Please also see "snow cover" in ENVO which maps to an alternative snow cover in SWEET. An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to alpine conditions. area of alpine tundra An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to alpine conditions. An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to polar conditions. area of polar tundra An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to polar conditions. An area density which inheres in snow distributed over an area of a landmass or other substrate. The superclass "area density" is somewhat awkward and this positioning requires further discussion. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. 2. In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. 3. The depth of snow on the ground, usually expressed in inches or centimeters. snow cover Snowfall which has an increased rate. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z intense snowfall heavy snow intense snow envoCryo envoPolar This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". heavy snowfall Snowfall which has an increased rate. This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". An ice mass which is 1) transparent or translucent, 2) rounded, spherically, or cylindrically shaped, and 3) less than 5 milimetres in diameter. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z grain of ice ice grain sleet small hail envoCryo envoPolar They may be spherical, irregular, or (rarely) conical in shape. Ice pellets usually bounce when hitting hard ground and make a sound upon impact. They can fall as continuous precipitation or in showers. Now internationally recognized, ice pellets includes two basically different types of precipitation, known in the United States as 1) sleet or grains of ice, generally transparent, globular, solid grains of ice that have formed from the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes when falling through a below-freezing layer of air near the earth's surface; and 2) small hail, generally translucent particles, consisting of snow pellets encased in a thin layer of ice. The ice layer may form either by the accretion of droplets upon the snow pellet or by the melting and refreezing of the surface of the snow pellet. ice pellet An ice mass which is 1) transparent or translucent, 2) rounded, spherically, or cylindrically shaped, and 3) less than 5 milimetres in diameter. They may be spherical, irregular, or (rarely) conical in shape. Ice pellets usually bounce when hitting hard ground and make a sound upon impact. They can fall as continuous precipitation or in showers. Now internationally recognized, ice pellets includes two basically different types of precipitation, known in the United States as 1) sleet or grains of ice, generally transparent, globular, solid grains of ice that have formed from the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes when falling through a below-freezing layer of air near the earth's surface; and 2) small hail, generally translucent particles, consisting of snow pellets encased in a thin layer of ice. The ice layer may form either by the accretion of droplets upon the snow pellet or by the melting and refreezing of the surface of the snow pellet. Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass absorbing heat and moisture as it flows over a lake with warmer waters. The factors involved in this process are complex, and expert input is needed to refine this. Similar input is needed to create bay-effect and ocean-effect snow. @Brandon: add axioms to relate this concept to proximity to a `lake`; perhaps using colocation and spatial region? 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lake effect snow lake-effect snow envoCryo envoPolar The formation of lake-effect snow depends on multiple factors, effecting the thresholds of temperature needed in the air and water masses. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. lake-effect snowfall Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass absorbing heat and moisture as it flows over a lake with warmer waters. The formation of lake-effect snow depends on multiple factors, effecting the thresholds of temperature needed in the air and water masses. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. A snowstorm during which intense lake-effect snowfall occurs. Add axioms to nest the lake-effect snowfall process in this one 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lake effect snow storm envoCryo envoPolar Please see "lake-effect snowfall" for further definition. A lake effect snowstorm is a snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. lake-effect snow storm A snowstorm during which intense lake-effect snowfall occurs. Please see "lake-effect snowfall" for further definition. A lake effect snowstorm is a snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. Link this to spring once seasons are added to ENVO Strictly, there is no increased rate of snowfall here, but of lamb death. We're not likely to add "lamb-death storm" to ENVO. Maybe AGRO would. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lamb storm lamb-blasts lamb-showers envoCryo envoPolar This term is primarily used in England and refers to snowfall in lambing season. It is referred to as a "storm" as it may adversly affect or kill newborn lambs. lambing storm A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. This term is primarily used in England and refers to snowfall in lambing season. It is referred to as a "storm" as it may adversly affect or kill newborn lambs. An object aggregate which is primarily composed of particles of water in liquid, frozen, or partially frozen states. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet envoCryo envoPolar WMO METEOTERM notes that other regions define this as a sudden brief rainfall with wind and hail but they don't state what those other regions are. WMO, METEOTERM is available at https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/meteoterm_wmo_en.html, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. falling sleet An object aggregate which is primarily composed of particles of water in liquid, frozen, or partially frozen states. WMO METEOTERM notes that other regions define this as a sudden brief rainfall with wind and hail but they don't state what those other regions are. WMO, METEOTERM is available at https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/meteoterm_wmo_en.html, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. Could make a freezing rain process class to mirror this in the process hierarchy as subclass to hydrological precipitation process. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar There are communities which consider rain with droplets above the liquid-solid phase transition point of water to be freezing rain should they freeze on contact with a supercooled surface. freezing rain Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. Precipitation which is composed primarily of hail stones. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar Individual units of hail are called hailstones. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. Smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. hail Precipitation which is composed primarily of hail stones. Individual units of hail are called hailstones. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. Smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. An ice mass which 1) occurs in a ball-shape or irregular lump, 2) has a minimum diameter of 5 millimeters (or 0.2 inches), and 3) is formed within convective clouds. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar Nearly always formed within cumulonimbus clouds. Typically have a diameter ranging between 5 and 50 millimeters. hail stone An object aggregate which is composed primarily of snow falling through an atmosphere. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snowfall envoCryo envoPolar falling snow A hydrological precipitation process during which water falls in both liquid and frozen form. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet sleet fall envoCryo envoPolar In nature, water-based precipitation will likely always have some liquid and solid/frozen components (especially in higher atmospheric layers) - sleet is generally composed of these phases in comparable proportions. Note that formation processes differ between sleet and other frozen precipitation. For example, hail, being larger in size than sleet or ice pellets, is formed by the accumulation of layers of freezing water in the clouds. Sleet, however, is formed due to temperature difference in the atmosphere precipitation of sleet A hydrological precipitation process during which water falls in both liquid and frozen form. In nature, water-based precipitation will likely always have some liquid and solid/frozen components (especially in higher atmospheric layers) - sleet is generally composed of these phases in comparable proportions. Note that formation processes differ between sleet and other frozen precipitation. For example, hail, being larger in size than sleet or ice pellets, is formed by the accumulation of layers of freezing water in the clouds. Sleet, however, is formed due to temperature difference in the atmosphere An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet envoCryo envoPolar The size of sleet pellets are considered to be, at most, the size of a pea, although thresholds vary across cultures. sleet pellet An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. The size of sleet pellets are considered to be, at most, the size of a pea, although thresholds vary across cultures. An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar area of ice cover An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. The depth of some water ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z envoCryo envoPolar depth of water ice A park which has been designed for the recreation of children. 2019-11-05T15:57:48Z playground A park which is owned by a governmental or state entity and which is accessible by its citizenry (i.e. the public). 2019-11-05T15:59:13Z public park A sports facility which has been constructed for sports that require large outdoor spaces and is owned by a governmental or state entity and which is accessible by its citizenry (i.e. the public). 2019-11-05T16:00:15Z public sports field A constructed pavement which is intended for bicycle traffic 2019-11-05T16:01:24Z bike path A material entity which has been discarded outside waste management systems by humans or their technologies. 2019-11-05T16:02:41Z basura antropogénica litter rifiuti antropogenici anthropogener Abfall menschengemachter Abfall envoPlastics Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. anthropogenic litter An anthropogenic environment in which populations of humans have limited acess to affordable and nutritious food. 2019-11-05T16:05:00Z food desert An environment in which entities are exposed to either excessive or constant sound. 2019-11-05T16:06:17Z noisy environment An environment in which humans have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed. 2019-11-05T16:07:27Z safe environment for human presence An environment which includes components which are deemed to be aesthetically pleasing by a population of humans. 2019-11-05T16:08:54Z attractive environment An environmental system which is shielded from direct stellar irradiation by material entities. Requested a "shaded" quality in PATO: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/285 2019-11-05T16:09:54Z shaded environment Typically, the material entities which intercept the star's radiation are located far closer to the shaded environment than the star itself. For example, trees shading the understory or awnings shading restaurant seating. shady environment An environment in which humans are exposed to regularly occurring physical or emotional violence. 2019-11-05T16:12:39Z violent environment An acoustic radiation process during which waves that transmit sound energy at frequencies above 20 kHz are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1744 ultrasound radiation An infrared radiation during which waves with frequencies between 30 THz and 120 THz and with wavelengths between 10 micrometers and 2.5 micrometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1739 mid-infrared radiation An infrared radiation during which waves with frequencies between 120 THz and 400 THz and with wavelengths between 2.5 micrometers and 750 nanometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1740 near-infrared radiation An infrared radiation which consists of waves with frequencies between 300 GHz and 30 THz and with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 micrometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1738 far-infrared radiation A merchant vessel which is used to carry passengers, vehicles, or cargo across a body of water. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ferry A merchant vessel which is used to carry passengers, vehicles, or cargo across a body of water. An environmental system which is not sheltered. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z outdoor environment An industrial building made from steel and covered in polyethylene used for plant cultivation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grow tunnel high tunnel hoop greenhouse hoophouse polyhouse These tunnels are usually semi-circular, square or elongated in shape. These are not subclasses of ENVO:tunnel as they are not built underground or underwater. polytunnel A motor vehicle which is equipped with medical equipment and can be used to transport humans to treatment facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ambulance A motor vehicle which is equipped with medical equipment and can be used to transport humans to treatment facilities. A boat which provides short-term residential and entertainment facilities to passengers. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cruise ship recreational cruise ship A boat which provides short-term residential and entertainment facilities to passengers. A transport boat which can be hired. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z merchant ship merchantman trading vessel merchant vessel A transport boat which can be hired. A vehicle which locomotes using rails and consists of a series of connected compartments used to transport passengers or cargo. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z train A vehicle which locomotes using rails and consists of a series of connected compartments used to transport passengers or cargo. A train which is capable of and used for passenger transport. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z passenger train A train which is capable of and used for passenger transport. A passenger train which runs along an undergroud rail system. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z subway tube train underground train London Underground SkyTrain Tube U-Bahn Underground metropolitana subway train A system which has components that have been constructed to allow the movement of people or goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z constructed transport system A constructed transport system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public transport public transportation public transit system A bus which is part of public infrastructure. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public autobus public motorbus public multibus public omnibus public bus A ferry which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public ferry A ferry which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. A train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public train A train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. A subway train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public subway train A public transit system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z MRT mass rapid transit metro heavy rail light rail medium-capacity rail rapid transit system A public transit system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. A place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or/and between transport modes. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transport interchange transport hub A place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or/and between transport modes. A transport hub which is part of public infrastructure. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public transport interchange public transport hub A transport hub which is part of public infrastructure. A research station in which food production and/or agribusinness research is performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z AES ARS agricultural research station research farm agricultural experimental station A research station in which food production and/or agribusinness research is performed. A farm which produces milk or products derived from milk. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dairy farm A farm which produces milk or products derived from milk. A building part which is a narrow hall or passage in a building with rooms leading off it. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hall passage hallway building corridor A building part which is a narrow hall or passage in a building with rooms leading off it. A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z aerodrome airdrome The "airport" term is usually associated with commercial air transport, while "militairy airport" and "airbase" cover militairy air force facilities. airport A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. An industrial building in an airport where passengers transfer between facilities and vehicles. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z airport terminal An industrial building in an airport where passengers transfer between facilities and vehicles. An industrial building which provides travelers with access to airplanes. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z airport concourse An industrial building which provides travelers with access to airplanes. A room in an airport where en-route passengers can wait between flights.. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transit lounge airport transit room airport transit lounge A room in an airport where en-route passengers can wait between flights.. A building which is primarily used for Christian religious activities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z church church house church building A building which is primarily used for Christian religious activities. A building which accomodates conferences. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z conference center conference centre conference venue A building which accomodates conferences. A room which accommodates conferences. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z conference hall meeting room conference room A room which accommodates conferences. A human construction in which people are educated. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z educational facility An institutional building in which students are educated. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z school school building An institutional building in which students are educated. An institutional building in which university services are performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z campus building university college building university building An institutional building in which firefighting apparati are stored, and which may include staff living spaces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z engine house fire hall fire house firemen's hall fire station An institutional building in which firefighting apparati are stored, and which may include staff living spaces. An institutional building which temporarily houses homeless people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z homeless shelter An institutional building which temporarily houses homeless people. A human construction in which healthcare is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health facility medical facility healthcare facility A human construction in which healthcare is provided. A healthcare facility which is used for short-term patient care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ACC ACF acute care center acute care facility A healthcare facility which is used for short-term patient care. A healthcare facility in which patients are medically assessed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CAC clinical assessment centre clinical patient assessment center clinical patient assessment centre clinical patient assessment facility A healthcare facility which 1) is located in part of a hospital and 2) is used by an organizational unit within a hospital. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hospital ward hospital unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used for anaesthetic service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z anaesthesia unit anaesthesia ward anaesthetics unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used for breast cancer screening. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z breast assessment unit breast screening ward mammography unit breast screening unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nondemoninational religious services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chaplain unit chaplain's unit chaplaincy unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide cardiac patient care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CCU CCW CICU cardiac care unit cardiac care ward coronary care ward cardiac intensive card ward cardiac intensive care unit coronary care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide cardiac patient care. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide diagnostic imaging services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z diagnostic imaging ward medical imaging unit medical imaging ward diagnostic imaging unit facility A hospital unit facility which houses patients ready to leave the hospital facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z discharge lounge discharge ward discharge unit facility A hospital unit facility which houses patients ready to leave the hospital facility. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide emergency medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A&E ED ER EW accident & emergency department casualty department emergency department emergency room emergency ward emergency unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide emergency medicine services. A room in which emergency medical care is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A&E room ER room EW room accident & emergency department room casualty department room emergency department room emergency room room emergency ward room emergency unit room A room in which emergency medical care is provided. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide gastroenterology medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gastroenterology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide surgical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general surgery ward general surgical unit general surgical ward surgery unit surgery ward surgical unit surgical ward general surgery unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide geriatric medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z elderly unit geriatric care ward geriatric unit geriatric ward geriatric care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide care of critically ill elderly patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z GICU geriatric intensive care ward geriatric intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide care of critically ill elderly patients. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide gynaecologic medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gynaecology ward gynaecology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide haematological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z haematology ward hematology unit hematology ward haematology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive medical care. Subclasses of this term are valid subclasses of their non-intensive care unit equivalents, e.g. psychiatric care unit. Equivalence axioms may resove this. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ICU ICW ITU critical care unit critical care ward intensive care ward intensive therapy unit intensive treatment unit intensive treatment ward intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive medical care. An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide surgical services for critically ill patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z SCCU SICU surgery critical care unit surgery critical care ward surgical critical care unit surgical critical care ward surgical intensive care ward surgical intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide surgical services for critically ill patients. An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide medical care for trauma patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z TICU trauma intensive care unit traumatic critical care unit traumatic intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide medical care for trauma patients. A room in which intensive medical care is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CCU room CCW room ICU room ICW room ITU room critical care unit room critical care ward room intensive care ward room intensive therapy unit room intensive treatment unit room intensive treatment ward room intensive care unit room A room in which intensive medical care is provided. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide materinity care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z materinity care unit maternity ward obstetrics unit obstetrics ward maternity unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide materinity care. An ambulance which is equiped to enable intensive care service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z MICU mobile ICU mobile intensive care unit mobile intensive unit mobile intensive care ambulance An ambulance which is equiped to enable intensive care service provision. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide medical microbiology services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z clinical microbiology unit clinical microbiology ward microbiology ward micobiology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide neonatal medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z NU neonatal ward neonatal unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive neonatal medical care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z neonatal intensive care ward neonatal intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive neonatal medical care. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nephrological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general nephrology unit general renal unit general renal ward generalnephrology ward nephrology ward renal unit renal ward nephrology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide neurological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general neurology unit general neurology ward neurology ward neurology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nutrition and dietetics services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z NDU nutrition and dietetics ward nutrition and dietetics unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide occupational therapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z OT unit OT ward occupational therapy ward occupational therapy unit facility A hospital unit facility which provides treatment for cancer. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cancer unit cancer ward oncology ward oncology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide ophthalmological services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ophthalmology ward ophthalmology unit facility A hospital unit facility in which orthopaedic medicine is performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z orthopaedics ward orthopedics unit orthopedics ward orthopaedics unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pain management. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pain management unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pain management. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z children's unit children's ward pediatric ward pediatric unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric intensive care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pediatric intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric intensive care. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pharmacy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pharmacy ward pharmacy unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pharmacy services. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide physiotherapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z physiotherapy ward physiotherapy unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z PACU PAR post-anesthesia care ward post-anesthesia recovery post-anesthesia unit post-anesthesia ward post-anesthesia care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide high dependency care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z HDU high dependency ward progressive care unit progressive care ward progressive intensive recovery unit step-down unit step-down ward high dependency unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide high dependency care. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide psychiatric medicine. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z psych unit psych ward psychiatric ward psychiatric unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide psychiatric medicine. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive psychiatric care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z PICU PsICU psychiatric intensive care ward psychiatric intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive psychiatric care. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide radiation therapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z radiation therapy unit radiation therapy ward radiotherapy ward radiotherapy unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide rheumatic medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z rheumatology ward rheumatology unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide urological medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z urology ward urology unit facility A room which is used for patient care during a patient's visit or stay in a healthcare facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z patient-care room examination room patient bed room patient room A room which is used for patient care during a patient's visit or stay in a healthcare facility. A hospital which is used to provide tertiary care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tertiary care center tertiary center tertiary hospital tertiary referral center tertiary referral hospital A hospital which is used to provide tertiary care. A facility which is used to provide treatment, remedial work, and/or instruction. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This sense of clinic does not necessarily involve medical services. For medical services see "medical clinic". clinic A facility which is used to provide treatment, remedial work, and/or instruction. A healthcare facility which is used to provide outpatient health care services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z clinic ambulatory care clinic outpatient clinic medical clinic A healthcare facility which is used to provide outpatient health care services. A medical clinic which is used to provide chiropractic services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chiropractic office chiropractor clinic chiropractor office chiropractic clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide medical services focused on maintaining and improving the oral health of clients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dental office dentist clinic dentist office dental clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide family medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z GP clinic GP office family care clinic family doctor clinic family doctor office family medicine clinic family medicine office general medicine clinic general practice clinic general practice office family practice clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide massage therapy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z massage therapist clinic massage therapist office massage therapy office massage therapy clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide ophthalmology services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ophthalmologist clinic ophthalmologist office ophthalmology office ophthalmology clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide optometry services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z eye doctor office optometrist clinic optometrist office optometry clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide pain management services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pain management clinic chronic pain clinic pain clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide pain management services. A medical clinic which is used to provide physical therapy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z physical therapy clinic physical therapy office physiotherapy office physiotherapy clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide services to walk-in patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z walk-in centre walk-in clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide services to walk-in patients. A healthcare facility which is used to prepare, dispense, or sell medical drugs. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z apothecary pharmacy A healthcare facility which is used to prepare, dispense, or sell medical drugs. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. (2011). Retrieved August 11 2020 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/pharmacy A residential building which is used to provides long-term care for residents. An equivalence axiom to show that this building is used for health care can be used to position this under health care facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z LTC center LTC centre LTC facility long-term care center long-term care centre long-term care facility A residential building which is used to provides long-term care for residents. A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with disabilities or for adults who cannot or who choose not to live independently. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ALF assisted living residence assisted living facility A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with disabilities or for adults who cannot or who choose not to live independently. A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with complex health needs, and which typically has at least one caregiver in attendance twenty four hours a day. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z residential care facility group home facility A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with complex health needs, and which typically has at least one caregiver in attendance twenty four hours a day. A building which is used by an organization which serves a long-established role in human society. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This term needs further consideration and development as semantics of institution are ambiguous at scale - e.g. are hotels institutional buildings? institutional building A building which is used by an organization which serves a long-established role in human society. A market which is used for the sale and purchase of perishable goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wet market A market which is used for the sale and purchase of perishable goods. A market which is used for the sale and purchase of durable goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dry market A market which is used for the sale and purchase of durable goods. An institutional building which is used to provide policing services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z station house police station An institutional building which is used to provide policing services. A human construction which contains one or more polling stations 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z voting facility polling place A human construction which contains one or more polling stations A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z polling station room polling station A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot A booth which enables a voter to vote confidentially. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z voting booth polling booth A booth which enables a voter to vote confidentially. A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z correctional center correctional centre correctional facility detention center detention centre gaol jail lock-up penitentiary remand center remand centre prison facility A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans. A prison facility which is owned and operated by a private corporation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z for-profit correctional center for-profit correctional centre for-profit correctional facility for-profit detention center for-profit detention centre for-profit jail for-profit lock-up for-profit penitentiary for-profit prison for-profit remand center for-profit remand centre private correctional center private correctional centre private correctional facility private detention center private jail private lock-up private penitentiary private remand center private remand centre private prison A prison facility which is owned and operated by a private corporation. A commercial building in which the majority of commerical activity occurs in shops occupying parts of the building. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z shopping centre shopping center A commercial building in which the majority of commerical activity occurs in shops occupying parts of the building. A shopping center in which a large indoor pedestrian promenade provides access to stores and other facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z mall shopping mall A shopping center in which a large indoor pedestrian promenade provides access to stores and other facilities. A manufactured product consisting of a duct opening which allows air to circulate. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vent air vent A manufactured product consisting of a duct opening which allows air to circulate. A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z adult portable bed rail assist bar bed handle bed rail bed side rail grab bar half rail hospital bed rail safety rail side rail bedrail A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. A manufactured product consisting of a panel on which control or monitoring instruments are set. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z console control board control unit display board display panel indicator panel instrument board instrument panel panel control panel A manufactured product consisting of a panel on which control or monitoring instruments are set. A manufactured product consisting of a handle used to open or close a door. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z door knob door handle A manufactured product consisting of a handle used to open or close a door. A pole which provides stability or support when grasped by the hand. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z rail, railing hand rail handrail A pole which provides stability or support when grasped by the hand. A switch which turns a light on or off. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z switch, dimmer switch lightswitch light switch A switch which turns a light on or off. A manufactured product which is a storage compartment with a lock. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z lockable cabinet lockable cupboard locking cabinet locking cupboard locker A manufactured product which is a storage compartment with a lock. A switch which allows patients in health care settings to alert a nurse or other health care staff member. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z nurse call cord nurse call button A switch which allows patients in health care settings to alert a nurse or other health care staff member. Steel which is composed primarily of a corrosion resistant alloy of iron and chromium. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z inox steel stainless stainless steel Steel which is composed primarily of a corrosion resistant alloy of iron and chromium. A paper product which is thin translucent paper. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tissue Tissue paper is often used for wrapping or for protecting delicate articles. tissue paper A paper product which is thin translucent paper. A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped, part of a toilet fixture, and capable of contain human waste until it is disposed of. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z lavatory bowl toilet bowl A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped, part of a toilet fixture, and capable of contain human waste until it is disposed of. A manufactured product which is composed of one or more glass or other transparent or semi-transparent materials set inside a frame, and installed in wall, door, roof or vehicle surfaces to allow the passage of light, and sometimes air. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z casement casement window pane sash sash window windowpane window A manufactured product which is composed of one or more glass or other transparent or semi-transparent materials set inside a frame, and installed in wall, door, roof or vehicle surfaces to allow the passage of light, and sometimes air. A manufactured product which is composed of a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier which is installed at the entrance to a building, room, vehicle, or in the framework of a cabinet. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z door A manufactured product which is composed of a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier which is installed at the entrance to a building, room, vehicle, or in the framework of a cabinet. A restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which has a short menu and limited seating space. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bistrot bistro A restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which has a short menu and limited seating space. A type of restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which provides more service or food variety than a bistro. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z brasserie A type of restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which provides more service or food variety than a bistro. A restaurant which provides customers with cooked meat freshly sliced to order. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z carvery A restaurant which provides customers with cooked meat freshly sliced to order. A restaurant which primarily serves coffee. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z café coffee shop coffeehouse A restaurant which primarily serves coffee. A restaurant which is small, inexpensive, and typically specializing in fried foods and/or home-cooked meals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z greasy spoon A restaurant which is small, inexpensive, and typically specializing in fried foods and/or home-cooked meals. A restaurant which specializes in serving steaks and pork chops. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chophouse steak house steakhouse A restaurant which specializes in serving steaks and pork chops. A restaurant which is of Italian cultural origin and which is generally less formal than an Italian ristorante, but more formal than an osteria. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z trattoria A restaurant which is of Italian cultural origin and which is generally less formal than an Italian ristorante, but more formal than an osteria. A healthcare facility which is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z field hospital A healthcare facility which is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. A healthcare facility which provides palliative care for the terminally ill. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hospice A healthcare facility which provides palliative care for the terminally ill. A commercial building which contains auditoria for viewing films. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cinema cinema hall picture house movie theater A commercial building which contains auditoria for viewing films. An industrial building which is used to store goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z warehouse An industrial building which is used to store goods. An office building which is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Rathaus (German) city hall civic centre guildhall town hall An office building which is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. A public building or site which provides facilities used by people to keep fit or relax. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z leisure centre A public building or site which provides facilities used by people to keep fit or relax. An area of developed space which is reserved for office buildings. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z office park business park An area of developed space which is reserved for office buildings. A terrestrial environmental zone where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z game park wildlife preserve game reserve A terrestrial environmental zone where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. A hill which is small and usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z knoll Hillocks are similar in their distribution and size to small mesas or buttes. hillock A hill which is small and usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. A shore along a river. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z riverfront A shore along a river. An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z islet skerry An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation. A power plant which is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wind park wind power plant wind power station wind farm A power plant which is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. An island that is not permanently populated by humans. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z uninhabited island atoll islet desert island An island that is not permanently populated by humans. A store which is physically large and is part of a retail chain. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z megastore supercenter superstore big-box store A store which is physically large and is part of a retail chain. A bridge which is a truss bridge, pre-fabricated, and portable. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Bailey bridge A bridge which is a truss bridge, pre-fabricated, and portable. A bridge which is hinged and can be raised. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z draw-bridge drawbridge A bridge which is hinged and can be raised. A bridge designed solely for pedestrians. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pedestrian bridge pedestrian overcrossing pedestrian overpass footbridge A bridge designed solely for pedestrians. A bridge which arches in the center, and has a span which is higher than the ramps on either side, forming a hump-like arrangement. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z humpback bridge A bridge which arches in the center, and has a span which is higher than the ramps on either side, forming a hump-like arrangement. A bridge which is used for transportaiton, and which crosses over another road or railway. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z flyover overbridge overpass A bridge which is used for transportaiton, and which crosses over another road or railway. A bridge which has its deck hung on vertical suspenders via suspension cables. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z suspension bridge A bridge which has its deck hung on vertical suspenders via suspension cables. A bridge which is movable and has a vertical locating pin as its primary structural support, and a support ring about which it can pivot horizontally. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z swing bridge A bridge which is movable and has a vertical locating pin as its primary structural support, and a support ring about which it can pivot horizontally. A device that causes suction in order to remove debris from surfaces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vacuum hoover vacuum cleaner A device that causes suction in order to remove debris from surfaces. Poultry manure made of chicken feces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chicken manure Poultry manure made of chicken feces. A soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gypsum A soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. A container for storing water. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z water tank A container for storing water. An anthropogenic geographic feature consisting of a receptacle intended to provide drinking water to animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z artificial watering point water trough An anthropogenic geographic feature consisting of a receptacle intended to provide drinking water to animals. A paper product which is a thin sheet material made of processed cellulose fibres. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z paper paper sheet sheet of paper A paper product which is a thin sheet material made of processed cellulose fibres. An agricultural building used for crop storage or animal husbandry. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z barn An agricultural building used for crop storage or animal husbandry. An animal house where fowl are kept. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chicken coop hen house chicken house An animal house where fowl are kept. Environmental material consisting of waste products that have been discarded at an unsuitable location. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z litter Environmental material consisting of waste products that have been discarded at an unsuitable location. A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z work table sewing desk sewing table A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing. A manufactured product consisting of a disk-shaped material that rotates around an axle bearing placed through a hole in its center. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wheel device wheel A manufactured product consisting of a disk-shaped material that rotates around an axle bearing placed through a hole in its center. A manufactured product consisting of a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tray A manufactured product consisting of a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items. A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hand tool A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. A tool with a flat, smooth rubber blade, used to remove or control the flow of liquid on a flat surface. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z squilgee squeegee A tool with a flat, smooth rubber blade, used to remove or control the flow of liquid on a flat surface. An indoor toilet that is available for public use. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public toilet An indoor toilet that is available for public use. A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pump A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vegetable scraper peeler A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. A manufactured product which is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted and/or moved. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z skid pallet A manufactured product which is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted and/or moved. A device used in packaging operations. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z packing machine packaging machine A device used in packaging operations. A building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church, in which larger meetings are held. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chapterhouse chapter house A building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church, in which larger meetings are held. A building which is at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Great Mosque of Mecca. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Kaaba A building which is at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Great Mosque of Mecca. A building which is a place of worship for Muslims. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z masjid mosque A building which is a place of worship for Muslims. A building that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z listed structure protected structure listed building A building that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. A residential building containing bunks or beds which are often not separated by walls. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bunkhouse A residential building containing bunks or beds which are often not separated by walls. A commercial building where merchants trade grains. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grain exchange corn exchange A commercial building where merchants trade grains. A commercial building designed for kilning (drying) hops. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hop kiln oast oast house A commercial building designed for kilning (drying) hops. A building that formed a very large fruit tree green house, or conservatory, on the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z orangerie orangery A building that formed a very large fruit tree green house, or conservatory, on the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries. A building which historically has at least 10 floors. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z skyscraper A building which historically has at least 10 floors. A residential building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tenement A residential building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. A public building constructed as a external, free-standing monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z mausoleum A public building constructed as a external, free-standing monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A sports facility where bowling is played. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bowling arena bowling center bowling lounge bowling alley A sports facility where bowling is played. A transport feature consisting of a closed building structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hangar A transport feature consisting of a closed building structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft. A device consisting of a continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z belt conveyor system conveyor belt conveyor conveyor belt A device consisting of a continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another. A device designed to remove water or humidity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dryer A device designed to remove water or humidity. A dryer that is used to remove moisture from textiles. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tumble dryer clothes dryer A dryer that is used to remove moisture from textiles. A cow shed for baby cows/bulls. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z calf house calf-rearing shed calfshed calf shed An animal house used for housing livestock. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z livestock shelter livestock structure livestock house An animal house used for housing livestock. A human construction specially designed for a specific purpose. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z facility A human construction specially designed for a specific purpose. A hand tool for making rotational adjustments. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z spanner wrench A hand tool for making rotational adjustments. A self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products, organized into sections. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z supermarket A self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products, organized into sections. A part of an oven or a small stove used to broil food. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grill broiler A part of an oven or a small stove used to broil food. A portable, box-type industrial storage product used for the storage and handling or parts and materials, that may collapse to conserve space when not in use. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z storage bin storage box tote tote box tote bin A portable, box-type industrial storage product used for the storage and handling or parts and materials, that may collapse to conserve space when not in use. A large bag with parallel handles that emerge from the sides of its pouch. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bag tote tote bag A large bag with parallel handles that emerge from the sides of its pouch. A factory where raw or preprocessed materials are transformed into finished parts or products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z preprocessing factory preprocessing plant A factory where raw materials are treated or prepared for final processing. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z processing factory processing plant A factory where raw materials are treated or prepared for final processing. A factory for processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing cheese. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cheese factory cheese plant cheese processing plant A processing plant for slaughtering, processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing of food animal carcasses, parts of carcasses, and meat products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z meat factory meat plant butchery freezing works meat packaging plant packinghouse slaughter plant slaughterhouse meat processing plant A processing plant for slaughtering, processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing of food animal carcasses, parts of carcasses, and meat products. A bandage wrap used on the lower legs of a horse. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z stable bandage standing bandage standing wrap stable gauze stall gauze A stable bandage runs from just below the knee or hock, to the bottom of the fetlock joint, and protects the cannon bone, tendons of the lower leg, and fetlock joint. stable bandage A bandage wrap used on the lower legs of a horse. A delicatessen which prepares and sells preserved meat products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z charcuterie charcuterie shop An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z animal manure compost farm slurry green manure liquid manure Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. manure An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer. A building part consisting of a board covering the joint between the lowest part of an interior wall surface and the floor. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Its purpose is to cover the joint between the wall surface and the floor. baseboard A building part consisting of a board covering the joint between the lowest part of an interior wall surface and the floor. Plant matter consisting of an impermeable buoyant material, the phellem layer of bark tissue. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cork Plant matter consisting of an impermeable buoyant material, the phellem layer of bark tissue. Macromolecules that are obtained naturally from plants or animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z natural-based polymer Macromolecules that are obtained naturally from plants or animals. A thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Plastic Wrap Cellophane is used for food packaging. cellophane A thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Synthetic plastic which is composed of a glossy, moistureproof membrane made of rubber hydrochloride. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pliofilm Synthetic plastic which is composed of a glossy, moistureproof membrane made of rubber hydrochloride. A polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z BoPET (Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate) mylar A polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A solid environmental material that is hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral at a high temperature. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ceramic A solid environmental material that is hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral at a high temperature. A human construction which is an enclosure or compartment designed for service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "an enclosure or compartment that allows privacy or seclusion, for example when voting, broadcasting or recording sound, or making a phone call." OED I like this one more - except it doesn't fit "ticket booth", "gas station booth" etc. booth A device which can connect, disconnect, or divert current in an electrical circuit. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z switch A device which can connect, disconnect, or divert current in an electrical circuit. An environmental system where environmental monitoring processes are in effect. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z environmental monitoring area An environmental monitoring area which is under observation by humans belonging to organisations with a legislative mandate to monitor the area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z environmental monitoring program area An environmental monitoring program area within a food production facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food production environmental monitoring zone An environmental monitoring program area within a food production facility. An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are in contact with food during its processing in a food production facility 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 1 environmental monitoring zone 1 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'" food production environmental monitoring zone 1 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are in contact with food during its processing in a food production facility An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are not in contact with food during its processing, but which are in close proximity to those in food production environmental monitoring zone 1. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 2 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 2 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are not in contact with food during its processing, but which are in close proximity to those in food production environmental monitoring zone 1. An object aggregate which comprises a facility's set of more remote non-food-processing-contact surfaces that are in or near the processing areas (food productions environmental monitoring zones 1 and 2) and could lead to their contamination, especially through human movement. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 3 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 3 An object aggregate which comprises a facility's set of more remote non-food-processing-contact surfaces that are in or near the processing areas (food productions environmental monitoring zones 1 and 2) and could lead to their contamination, especially through human movement. An object aggregate which comprises objects in proximity to food production environmental monitoring zone 3. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 4 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 4 An object aggregate which comprises objects in proximity to food production environmental monitoring zone 3. An environmental system which is part of a food production facility and whose boundaries are defined by hygienic requirements. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hygienic zone This class is more a convenience grouping class, but can be axiomatised if a hygienic assessment process is completed. hygienic food production area An environmental system which is part of a food production facility and whose boundaries are defined by hygienic requirements. A hygienic food production area which is not an immediate part of a food manufacturing process area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food prossessing non-production area A hygienic food production area which is not an immediate part of a food manufacturing process area. A hygienic food production area containing products having a low risk of contamination. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This class includes manufacturing areas in which raw materials and/or finished products (within their primary packaging) and packaging/labeling materials are received, sampled, or stored prior to dispatch. food production low-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area containing products having a low risk of contamination. A hygienic food production area in which general food processing occurs. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This class includes areas in which raw materials are received, sorted, and sampled; areas within the plant where products susceptible to contamination and/or microbial growth are processed, treated, or handled; areas in which animal carcasses are cut into fresh meat products and areas in which vegetables and produce are packed. Food processing that prepares products for cooking by the consumer (e.g., raw meats, fish, and vegetables) or produces RTE products that are effectively preserved (e.g., canned or baked products) will require procesing in medium-risk hygiene areas. food production medium-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area in which general food processing occurs. A hygienic food production area containing food products that are not subjected to subsequent microbial decontamination, and where there is a risk of pathogen or microbial spoilage growth. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food production high-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area containing food products that are not subjected to subsequent microbial decontamination, and where there is a risk of pathogen or microbial spoilage growth. An anthropogenic environment which provides long-term shelter for its inhabitants. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z residential environment A stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Natural rubber, India rubber, Gum elastic, Non-vulcanized rubber Latex is made by some plants, but synthetic latexes can be manufactured as well. latex A stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. A boat which is used to transport cargo or carry passengers. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transport boat A container which is typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bottle A container which is typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids. A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z utensil A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. An eating utensil with spikes used to put solid food into the mouth, or to hold food down while cutting. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z fork An eating utensil with spikes used to put solid food into the mouth, or to hold food down while cutting. An eating utensil with a scooped end and a long handle. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z spoon An eating utensil with a scooped end and a long handle. A utensil which is a hand-sized container with an open top. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A cup may be used to hold liquids for pouring or drinking, or to store solids for pouring. cup A utensil which is a hand-sized container with an open top. An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by a healthcare facility in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z healthcare environment An anthropogenic environment which is the product of a particular human occupational acitivity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z work environment occupational environment An anthropogenic environment which is designed for child care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z childcare environment day care environment daycare environment child care environment A human construction in which child care services are provided to a human child by specialized staff and equipment. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z childcare facility day care facility daycare facility child care facility A human construction in which child care services are provided to a human child by specialized staff and equipment. A child care facility in which day care services are provided, by specialized staff and equipment, to a human child during the working day. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z daycare daycare facility day care facility A human construction in which individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z place of worship A human construction in which individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study. A building reserved in which religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice are performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "The term typically used for such buildings belonging to all faiths where a more specific term such as church, mosque or synagogue is not generally used in English." [Wikipedia] temple A building reserved in which religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice are performed. A child care facility in which child care services are provided to young children and babies. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z human nursery An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by a human dwelling. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z household environment A public building in which health, recreation or other public services to a local community are provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z community service centre A healthcare facility which is used by a group of general practitioners and nurses to provide healthcare services to people in a certain area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health center healthcare center cottage hospital community health centre A healthcare facility which is used by a group of general practitioners and nurses to provide healthcare services to people in a certain area. A room which contains 1) a number of beds for sleeping and 2) often some other furniture and/or residential utilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A dormitory is often used to describe student and backpacker accommodation of this kind. dormitory A room which contains 1) a number of beds for sleeping and 2) often some other furniture and/or residential utilities. A political entity which is defined by contract between the Canadian state ("the Crown") and a First Nations people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "[First Nations reserves] are not to be confused with land claims areas, which involve all of that First Nations' traditional lands: a much larger territory than any other reserve." [Wikipedia] first nations reserve A political entity which is defined by contract between the Canadian state ("the Crown") and a First Nations people. A human dwelling which may be unsustainable over the long term for an inhabitant because of financial, livability, overcrowding or other factors. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z insecure housing A human dwelling which may be unsustainable over the long term for an inhabitant because of financial, livability, overcrowding or other factors. A human dwelling which is provided to one or more persons on a short-term basis. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z temporary residence An eating utensil which is a thin stick used in equal length pairs to manipulate food and bring it into a mouth. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chopstick An eating utensil which is a thin stick used in equal length pairs to manipulate food and bring it into a mouth. A building which 1) containing multiple dwellings of pre-furnished accomodation and 2) is rented on a short term and/or longer-term basis. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hotel A healthcare facility which is used to provide healthcare services to animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z veterinary facility An aircraft which 1) has fixed wings and 2) is propelled by a thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z plane airplane An aircraft which 1) has fixed wings and 2) is propelled by a thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. A healthcare facility which is the office of a physician. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z doctor's office doctor's practice doctor's surgery physician office A healthcare facility which is the office of a physician. A constructed transport system which is designed to transport people or objects over land, but not water or air. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ground transport An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z animal shelter pound An animal rescue shelter typically houses mostly dogs and cats. animal rescue shelter An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals. A utensil used for consuming food. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cutlery utensil eating utensil A utensil used for consuming food. A manufactured product which is an alloy of iron and which typically contains a few tenths of a percent of carbon. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z steel A manufactured product which is an alloy of iron and which typically contains a few tenths of a percent of carbon. A prison facility which is owned by the state and operated by a private corporation. 2021-05-19T17:30:47Z public-private prison A prison facility which is owned by the state and operated by a private corporation. A system which is composed of one or more machines that can continuously transport material from one location to at least one other location. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z conveyor conveyor equipment connveyor belt conveyor system A system which is composed of one or more machines that can continuously transport material from one location to at least one other location. A manufactured product which is capable of some manufacturing process. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z manufacturing equipment A manufactured product which is capable of some manufacturing process. A system which consists of manufacturing equipment that performs manufacturing processes in a linear fashion. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z production line processing line A system which consists of manufacturing equipment that performs manufacturing processes in a linear fashion. A manufactured product which is a structural system on which equipment components are mounted. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z equipment frame A manufactured product which is a structural system on which equipment components are mounted. A manufactured product which positions a piece of equipment above a surface. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z equipment leg A manufactured product which positions a piece of equipment above a surface. A conveyor system which uses conveyer belt machines to transport material. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z belt conveyor system A conveyor system which uses conveyer belt machines to transport material. A manufactured product which is 1) an endless belt of flexible material stretched between two drums; 2) conveys material between drum locations. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z conveyor belt conveyor belt component A manufactured product which is 1) an endless belt of flexible material stretched between two drums; 2) conveys material between drum locations. A manufacturing equipment piece which is used to package material. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z packaging equipment A manufacturing equipment piece which is used to package material. A conveyor system which is used to transport granular material vertically in open containers. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z bucket conveyor A conveyor system which is used to transport granular material vertically in open containers. A conveyor system which consists of a helicoid flight mounted in a tube or shaft. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z screw conveyor A conveyor system which consists of a helicoid flight mounted in a tube or shaft. A conveyor system which transports dry bulk particulate or granular material through a pipeline by a stream of gas. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z pneumatic conveyor A conveyor system which transports dry bulk particulate or granular material through a pipeline by a stream of gas. A manufactured product which is a cylindrical (or approximately cylindrical) item used under a heavy object to facilitate moving it. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z Usually several conveyor rollers are organized in a linear fashion to convey an object between locations. conveyor roller A manufactured product which is a cylindrical (or approximately cylindrical) item used under a heavy object to facilitate moving it. An interface layer which is formed where either two parts of a material entity or two separate material entities touch or are attached to one another along some length. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z seam surface An interface layer which is formed where either two parts of a material entity or two separate material entities touch or are attached to one another along some length. A liquid water which has no current or flow and is susceptible to contamination by pathogens or pathogenic vectors. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z wet stagnant water A liquid water which has no current or flow and is susceptible to contamination by pathogens or pathogenic vectors. Dust which is 1) generated when wood is processed and 2) composed primarily of cellulose, polyoses, and lignin. 2020-08-03T17:28:49Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C44463 Wood dust is typically generated through processes where wood is chipped, sawed, turned, drilled or sanded. The chemical composition of wood dust depends on the species of tree. Wood dust is not typically produced for specific uses. However, it is used commercially for wood composts. The primary routes of potential human exposure to wood dust are inhalation and dermal contact. It is known to be a human carcinogen. wood dust A hydraulic fluid which is 1) used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in vehicles to amplify braking force and 2) composed primarily of ethylene glycol, polyglycols, silicone fluids, and isobutyl alcohol. 2020-08-03T17:32:09Z brake fluid A hydraulic fluid which is 1) used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in vehicles to amplify braking force and 2) composed primarily of ethylene glycol, polyglycols, silicone fluids, and isobutyl alcohol. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE14254 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid Fluid used for valve operation, brake band friction, and gear lubrication within an automatic vehicle transmission. 2020-08-03T17:34:16Z ATF automatic transmission fluid Fluid used for valve operation, brake band friction, and gear lubrication within an automatic vehicle transmission. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid An environmental system process during which populations have reduced access to food, causing increased hunger, malnutrition, and consequent mortality. 2021-09-22T14:34:25Z famine A medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. 2020-08-03T17:35:45Z http://purl.enanomapper.org/onto/ENM_8000199 Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water. hydraulic fluid A medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid A lubricant for internal combustion engines which 1) reduces friction and wear 2) cleans the engine 3) neutralizes acids 4) improves sealing of piston rings, and 5) cools the engine. 2020-08-03T17:37:56Z engine lubricant engine oil motor oil A lubricant for internal combustion engines which 1) reduces friction and wear 2) cleans the engine 3) neutralizes acids 4) improves sealing of piston rings, and 5) cools the engine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil A liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. 2020-08-03T17:39:59Z petroleum distillate fuel oil diesel fuel A liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/diesel-fuel/ A clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid which is used as fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines. 2020-08-03T17:41:45Z gas petrol Gasoline consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. gasoline A clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid which is used as fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline A gas which results from the incomplete or complete combustion of diesel fuel. 2020-08-03T17:43:30Z 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C113679 diesel exhaust A gas which results from the complete or incomplete combustion of gasoline fuel. 2020-08-03T17:44:42Z 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z gasoline exhaust A gas which results from the complete or incomplete combustion of gasoline fuel. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531367/ A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied 2020-08-03T17:46:13Z dye A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye Pigments carried by solvents or water which are applied to leather to be absorbed into the pores of the leather to deposit coloration. 2020-08-03T17:47:25Z leather dye Pigments carried by solvents or water which are applied to leather to be absorbed into the pores of the leather to deposit coloration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather_crafting Dyes used for the coloration or brightening of paper. 2020-08-03T17:48:08Z paper dye Dyes used for the coloration or brightening of paper. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye Dyes utilized for coloring textiles such as wool or cellulose fibers. 2020-08-03T17:48:53Z fabric dye Textile dyes may include acid dyes, substantive dyes, mordant dues, sulfur dyes, azoic dyes, and disperse dyes. textile dye Dyes utilized for coloring textiles such as wool or cellulose fibers. https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile/Dyeing-and-printing A black or colored ink which is 1) used for writing, printing, and drawing and 2) made from fine soot (lampblack) and water. 2020-08-03T17:50:57Z Chinese ink Indian ink India ink A black or colored ink which is 1) used for writing, printing, and drawing and 2) made from fine soot (lampblack) and water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_ink A polysaccharide that functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in mixtures. 2020-08-03T17:52:46Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00723355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03413321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84244 xanthan gum A naturally occurring plant-based gum, which functions as a viscous, odorless, tasteless, water-soluble mixture of polysaccharides that absorbs water to become a gel/paste. 2020-08-03T17:54:12Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00723978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03413310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0014984 shiraz gum tragacanth gum Tragacanth has many uses, including as an emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, and texturant additive for foods, pharmaceuticals, and art materials. tragacanth Water based ink intended for use with fountain ink pens. 2020-08-03T17:56:50Z fountain pen ink Water based ink intended for use with fountain ink pens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_pen_ink A solid or highly viscous plant or synthetic based substance that is typically convertible into polymers. 2020-08-03T17:58:04Z resin A solid or highly viscous plant or synthetic based substance that is typically convertible into polymers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin A liquid, powder, spray, or granule used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. 2020-08-03T17:59:40Z cleaning product cleaning agent A liquid, powder, spray, or granule used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent A cleaning agent which 1) contains organic solvents and 2) dissolves oils and fats for the removal of grease. 2020-08-03T18:05:31Z solvent degreaser degreaser A cleaning agent which 1) contains organic solvents and 2) dissolves oils and fats for the removal of grease. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent#Degreasers A clear transparent hard protective film or finish, primarily used for wood finishing applications. 2020-08-03T18:06:48Z Varnish is traditionally composed of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. varnish A clear transparent hard protective film or finish, primarily used for wood finishing applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish A varnish containing a natural, plant- or insect-derived substance dissolved in a solvent, called spirit varnish or solvent varnish. 2020-08-03T18:07:58Z gum varnish resin varnish resin (gum) varnish A varnish containing a natural, plant- or insect-derived substance dissolved in a solvent, called spirit varnish or solvent varnish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish A resin secreted by the female lac bug, which is dissolved in alcohol to be used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze, and wood finish. 2020-08-03T18:09:37Z shellack shellac A resin secreted by the female lac bug, which is dissolved in alcohol to be used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze, and wood finish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac A category of hard and potentially shiny (clear or colored) finishes which can be applied to materials including wood or metal. 2020-08-03T18:11:57Z lacquer A category of hard and potentially shiny (clear or colored) finishes which can be applied to materials including wood or metal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacquer A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or "thin" it. 2020-08-03T18:12:49Z Paint thinners can aid in removal of paint from brushes, rollers, or in spill cleanup. paint thinner A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or "thin" it. https://www.truevaluepaint.com/paint/exterior/prep_cleanup_and_safety/use_paint_thinner_properly.aspx#:~:text=Paint%20thinners%20are%20solvents%20that,cleanup%20of%20spills%20or%20splatters A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties. 2020-08-03T18:13:54Z acrylic paint thinner acrylic paint medium A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_paint A paint thinner specific for altering the viscosity of enamel paints. 2020-08-03T18:15:13Z enamel thinner A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. 2020-08-03T18:15:45Z oil paint thinner A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_thinner A paint product which adheres to surfaces and forms a binding layer, preparing it to receive paint. 2020-08-03T18:17:39Z primer (paint) A paint product which adheres to surfaces and forms a binding layer, preparing it to receive paint. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_(paint) A smooth, durable vitreous coating which is made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate. 2020-08-03T18:18:43Z porcelain enamel Enamel can be used on metal, glass, ceramics, stone, or any material able to withstand the fusing temperature. Enamel is made by 1) firing, melting the powder and 2) allowing allowing it to flow across a surface to then harden. vitreous enamel A smooth, durable vitreous coating which is made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel A slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. 2020-08-03T18:21:06Z oil paint oil-based paint A slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paint A water soluble, fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. 2020-08-03T18:22:26Z acrylic paint A water soluble, fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_paint A paint that exhibits luminescence, giving off visible light through fluorescence, phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. 2020-08-03T18:23:19Z luminous paint luminescent paint A paint that exhibits luminescence, giving off visible light through fluorescence, phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_paint A fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, primarily used as a solvent. 2020-08-03T18:24:40Z oil of turpentine spirit of turpentine turps wood turpentine Turpentine is composed of terpenes. turpentine A fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, primarily used as a solvent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. 2020-08-03T18:26:21Z Light and heavy varieties may consist of distinct quantities of carbon atoms per molecule. naphtha A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphtha Dust which is composed of minerals and trace elements, generated by finely crushed rock. 2020-08-03T18:27:44Z mineral fines rock flour soil remineralization rock powder Rock dust is widely used in mining to prevent coal dust explosions, or in agriculture for organic farming uses. rock dust Dust which is composed of minerals and trace elements, generated by finely crushed rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockdust Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. 2020-08-03T18:32:42Z radioactive material Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/research/radiation/radioactive-materials An environmental material which is primarily composed of cyanoacrolate. 2020-08-03T18:34:01Z Cyanoacrylates have industrial, medical, and household uses. A strong fast-acting adhesive which is an ester of cyanoacrylic acid. volume of cyanoacrylate An environmental material which is primarily composed of cyanoacrolate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoacrylate OBSOLETE A compound utilized for the production of plastics or polymers. 2020-08-03T18:35:21Z This term is ambigious, as it could refer to the compound the plastic is (supposed to be) made of, additives, contaminants, etc. Please instead directly refer to the compound of interest. obsolete plastic production compound true OBSOLETE A compound utilized for the production of plastics or polymers. https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/How-Plastics-Are-Made/ A preparation with dye or pigment used to deposit coloration to a substrate. 2020-08-03T18:36:50Z stain A preparation with dye or pigment used to deposit coloration to a substrate. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stain A stain which has colorants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent, used to add color to wood. 2020-08-03T18:37:42Z Wood stain is designed to add color to substrates, while still leaving some of the substrate visible. wood stain A stain which has colorants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent, used to add color to wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_stain An environmental material which is composed of elastic polymers mixed in a solvent. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z cow gum Solvents typically used include acetone, hexane, heptane or toluene. rubber cement An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of methyl cellulose and water, and 2) formulated to fix wallpaper to walls. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z wallpaper adhesive wallpaper paste methyl cellulose paste An environmental material which is 1) manufactured and 2) primarily composed of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, and 3) when applied to hair, can alter the natural hair pigments for 6-8 weeks. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z hair color permanent hair dye A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) composed of alcohol, titanium dioxide, and propylene glycol. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z pharmaceutical ink A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) composed of copper phthalocyanine, iron oxides, water, and biopolymers. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z gel ink A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) primarily composed of soybean oil, as well as pigment, resin, and wax. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z soy ink A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured, 2) primarily composed of water, as well as glycol, and dye, and 3) intended for use in inkjet printers. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z aqueous inkjet printer ink An environmental material which is composed primarily of gases and particles produced by the combustion of petroleum fuels. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z emissions from petroleum combustion A liquid environmental material which 1) contains at least one substance which can act as a chemical colorant. 2021-04-15T15:10:14.018Z colorant fluid A function which is realised by a chemical when applied to a material, such that it alters the material's colour. 2021-04-15T15:10:14.018Z chemical colorant Waste which contains toxic components (e.g., heavy metals or radiation) which can cause harm to organisms and/or the environment. 2022-01-18T17:35:02Z toxic waste Waste which contains toxic components (e.g., heavy metals or radiation) which can cause harm to organisms and/or the environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_waste To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). The german wikipedia page notes layers that coincide with the extent of the low étage, however, I have not yet seen further mention of them elsewhere and am thus hesitant about adding them. low étage A part of the troposphere which extends from the Earth's surface to 2 km (0 - 6500 ft) height. low atmospheric level To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). The german wikipedia page notes layers that coincide with the extent of the low étage, however, I have not yet seen further mention of them elsewhere and am thus hesitant about adding them. A part of the troposphere which extends from the Earth's surface to 2 km (0 - 6500 ft) height. To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). middle étage A part of the troposphere which extends from 2 km to 4 km (6 500 – 13 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 2 km to 7 km (6 500 – 23 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 2 km to 8 km (6 500 – 25 000 ft) height in the tropical region. middle atmospheric level A part of the troposphere which extends from 2 km to 4 km (6 500 – 13 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 2 km to 7 km (6 500 – 23 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 2 km to 8 km (6 500 – 25 000 ft) height in the tropical region. To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). high étage A part of the troposphere which extends from 3 km to 8 km (10 000 – 25 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 5 km to 13 km (16 500 – 45 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 6 km to 18 km (20 000 – 60 000 ft) height in the tropical region. high atmospheric level A part of the troposphere which extends from 3 km to 8 km (10 000 – 25 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 5 km to 13 km (16 500 – 45 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 6 km to 18 km (20 000 – 60 000 ft) height in the tropical region. A part of a cloud. This definition is practical but may need refinement. cloud part A cloud part which is closest to the surface of the astronomical body local to the cloud. cloud base A cloud part which is furthest from the surface of the astronomical body local to the cloud. cloud top A water droplet which exists at temperatures below 0°C (273.15K). supercooled water droplet A water droplet which exists at temperatures below 0°C (273.15K). A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] A building part which is maintained such that the number of foreign particulates within it is controlled. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z clean room The cleanliness level of a cleanroom is quantified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a predetermined molecule measure. Cleanrooms are designed to maintain extremely low levels of particulates, such as dust, airborne organisms, or vaporized particles. Cleanroons are used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical items, integrated circuits, CRT, LCD, OLED and microLED displays. cleanroom A building part which is maintained such that the number of foreign particulates within it is controlled. The cleanliness level of a cleanroom is quantified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a predetermined molecule measure. Cleanrooms are designed to maintain extremely low levels of particulates, such as dust, airborne organisms, or vaporized particles. Cleanroons are used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical items, integrated circuits, CRT, LCD, OLED and microLED displays. Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z chemically contaminated sediment Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. Liquid water which is a participant in a water cooling process. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Cooling water is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. cooling water Liquid water which is a participant in a water cooling process. Cooling water is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. A pipeline network which is used to transport drinking water to consumers. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z drinking water pipeline drinking water pipeline network A pipeline network which is used to transport drinking water to consumers. An industrial building in which water undergoes a purification process to make it fit for human consumption. CM: drinking water treatment plant should have an edge connecting to its function or a process MAM: Like some yet-to-be-created sibling of pollution control ENVO:02500042 ? Or sibling of environment control function OBI:0000401? Can't find suitable function currently in ENVO. Add term and add axioms later 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z drinking water treatment plant An industrial building in which water undergoes a purification process to make it fit for human consumption. A manufactured product which is capable of connecting or disconnecting the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z electrical switch A manufactured product which is capable of connecting or disconnecting the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. A waste material which is primarily composed of uneaten food and removed from the food supply chain. does FoodOn want this? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z food loss The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and can occur during production, processing, distribution, retail and consumption. food waste A waste material which is primarily composed of uneaten food and removed from the food supply chain. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and can occur during production, processing, distribution, retail and consumption. A fluid environmental material which is contained in geologic formations naturally. assert contained in some child of astronmical body part? cavity? Parent class could use a better definition? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z formation fluid A fluid environmental material which is contained in geologic formations naturally. A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. An ICU could be a part-of a hospital, but it would not be a subclass of a hospital. That's even reflected in the textual definition. THEREFORE parent class changed to building part. Could be in a hospital and related to some particular hospital department provides. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z intensive care unit A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z interstitial water Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments. A bioreactor which has a membrane as a part 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z It is widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The membrane is usually used to perform microfiltration, ultrafiltration or osmosis, etc. membrane bioreactor A bioreactor which has a membrane as a part It is widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The membrane is usually used to perform microfiltration, ultrafiltration or osmosis, etc. A soil horizon which is primarily composed of mineral material. ADDED 'composed primarily of' RO:0002473 mineral material 'ENVO:01000256' 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Usually less than 20% organic carbon. The term mineral horizon refers to surface soil/topsoil and subsoil layer of the soil. When user does not/could not refer to the topsoil or subsoil specifically, the broader term, mineral horizon can be used. mineral horizon A soil horizon which is primarily composed of mineral material. A pipeline network which is used to transport oil to consumers. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z oil pipeline oil pipeline network A pipeline network which is used to transport oil to consumers. An environmental material which consists of either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone, containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum. TODO: create an astonomical body part 'bituminous sands" and assert composed primarily of realtionship. Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1154. TREATED THIS as a material entity. could add something like "oil sands deposit" as a geospatial location later. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z crude bitumen oil sands tar sands bituminous sand An environmental material which consists of either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone, containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum. A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal. pipeline network A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. A river which has elevated levels of contaminants. Uses 'adverse to ecosystem standard'. Compare to undesirability standard in 'contaminated sediment'. See also 'polluted lake'. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z The contaminants may cause adverse changes in the ecosystems associated with it. polluted river A river which has elevated levels of contaminants. Rock which is derived from bedrock through chemical weathering add chemcical weathering term to improve axiomitization 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z saprolite Rock which is derived from bedrock through chemical weathering An environmental material which is composed of insoluble solid particles suspended in a liquid. term requester also included <denser than water> and <usually suspended in water>, but they may only be found in wikipedia's definition 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z slurry An environmental material which is composed of insoluble solid particles suspended in a liquid. A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. ADDED 'composed primarily of' RO:0002473 'soil organic matter' ENVO:04000008 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z soil organic layer organic surface layer The organic matter is this layer is genreally derived from biomatter. organic horizon A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. Vinasse which is produced during the rectification and distillation of ethanol from sugar cane. Might be nice to add an edge like 'derives from' RO:0001000 sugarcane or 'sugar cane plant' FOODON:03411378? Note that importing FOODON terms can bring in unexpected dependencies. Try again later! 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z sugarcane vinasse Vinasse which is produced during the rectification and distillation of ethanol from sugar cane. An earth-filled dam which is used for the storage of mining operations byproducts, after separating the ore from the gangue. dam is a functional label. we suggest distributing the terms in this definition. Might also want to define a new term gangue. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings dam An earth-filled dam which is used for the storage of mining operations byproducts, after separating the ore from the gangue. A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings pond A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. A manufactured product which is formed as a liquid byproduct generated during the rectification and distillation of ethanol. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Vinasse is produced by the sugar or ethanol industry and can be produced at volumes as high as 20-fold of ethanol. It is typically sulfur-rich, low pH, dark-colored and odorous. vinasse A manufactured product which is formed as a liquid byproduct generated during the rectification and distillation of ethanol. Vinasse is produced by the sugar or ethanol industry and can be produced at volumes as high as 20-fold of ethanol. It is typically sulfur-rich, low pH, dark-colored and odorous. A soil layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. soil horizon A soil layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. An embankment dam which is primarily composed of compacted earth. earthen dam terrain dam earth-filled dam An embankment dam which is primarily composed of compacted earth. A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. embankment dam A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. A yard which consists of land immediately adjacent to the back of a residential building 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z back yard residential backyard A yard which consists of land immediately adjacent to the back of a residential building An island which is small, low in elevation, sandy, and located on the surface of a coral reef. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z caye key cay An island which is small, low in elevation, sandy, and located on the surface of a coral reef. A room which is maintained at lower than ambient temperatures. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z chiller room cool room refrigerating chamber Cold rooms are generally used as walk-in storage facilities or to perform tasks requiring cooler ambient temperatures. cold room A room which is maintained at lower than ambient temperatures. Soil which has properties that restrict a pathogen's ability to establish itself, persist, or cause disease that results in long-term harm. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z disease-suppressive soil The pathogenicity that is suppressed is typically directed towards plants, especially crops. Soils are typically classified as pathogen-suppressive if a pathogen 1) cannot establish itself or persist, 2) is able to establish itself, but causes little or no damage, or 3) is able to establishe itself, but only causes disease that does not result in long-term harm. pathogen-suppressive soil Soil which has properties that restrict a pathogen's ability to establish itself, persist, or cause disease that results in long-term harm. A pond which has nutrient-rich water. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z eutrophic pond A pond which has nutrient-rich water. A forest ecosystem which is designated for research. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z experimental forest ecosystem A forest ecosystem which is designated for research. A pit which has been constructed for use in fermentation processes that will yield alcoholic spirits. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z fermentation pit A pit which has been constructed for use in fermentation processes that will yield alcoholic spirits. A manufactured product which assists starting a fermentation process which is intended to prepare foods and alcoholic drinks. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z Daqu fermentation starter A manufactured product which assists starting a fermentation process which is intended to prepare foods and alcoholic drinks. A lake which is connected to a marine water body via tunnels or cracks in the soil. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z marine lake A lake which is connected to a marine water body via tunnels or cracks in the soil. Liquid water which is either part of or was removed from a marine lake. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z marine lake water Liquid water which is either part of or was removed from a marine lake. A pond which has layers of water that do not intermix. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z meromictic pond A pond which has layers of water that do not intermix. A farm which is managed using practices certified to be organic by a competent authority. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z What qualifies as an organic farm varies significantly across nations and subnational entities. In general, however, organic farming involves the use of biological pest control, mixed cropping, natural fertilisers, and the fostering of insect predators. Further, organic certification often requires that synthetic pesticides and fertilisers are not used. organic farm A farm which is managed using practices certified to be organic by a competent authority. What qualifies as an organic farm varies significantly across nations and subnational entities. In general, however, organic farming involves the use of biological pest control, mixed cropping, natural fertilisers, and the fostering of insect predators. Further, organic certification often requires that synthetic pesticides and fertilisers are not used. A manufactured product which is designed to function as a container for growing plants. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z plant pot A manufactured product which is designed to function as a container for growing plants. A manufactured product which is produced by curing, subsequent aging, slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids in tobacco leaves. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z processed tobacco A manufactured product which is produced by curing, subsequent aging, slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids in tobacco leaves. A pond which humans have constructed for the cultivation of algae. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z algal pond raceway pond A pond which humans have constructed for the cultivation of algae. A manufactured product which is composed of flexible material and is intended to be hung such that it impedes the spray of water between a shower fixture and the rest of a room. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z Shower curtains are typically made from plastic or another water resistant or waterproof material. shower curtain A manufactured product which is composed of flexible material and is intended to be hung such that it impedes the spray of water between a shower fixture and the rest of a room. Processed tobacco which has been treated for use by placing it between the gum and cheek or lip, chewed, or sniffed, but not smoked. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z smokeless tobacco Processed tobacco which has been treated for use by placing it between the gum and cheek or lip, chewed, or sniffed, but not smoked. A spacecraft which is capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z orbital space station orbital station space station A spacecraft which is capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. A vehicle which is used for carrying cargo or passengers on a rail transport system. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z train car A vehicle which is used for carrying cargo or passengers on a rail transport system. A manufactured product which is controls the flow of water. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z water valve water tap A manufactured product which is controls the flow of water. An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z yard An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings. A manufactured product which is used to give input or control to an information processing system by touching a display screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Touching the screen with multiple fingers is considered a multi-touch gesture. touchscreen A manufactured product which is used to give input or control to an information processing system by touching a display screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. Anthropogenic litter which consists of an abandoned ship's remains. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z A shipwreck can be found beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. shipwreck Anthropogenic litter which consists of an abandoned ship's remains. A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z fountain A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. A water well in which a long, 100–200 millimetres-wide, stainless steel tube or pipe is bored into an underground aquifer to lift water using a pump. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z tube well A water well in which a long, 100–200 millimetres-wide, stainless steel tube or pipe is bored into an underground aquifer to lift water using a pump. A sedimentary rock which is made of carbonate mud whose formation is mediated by microbes in the benthic zone. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z microbialite A sedimentary rock which is made of carbonate mud whose formation is mediated by microbes in the benthic zone. Water which comes from a spring. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z spring water Water which comes from a spring. A salt mass which consists of isometric crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl). 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z rock salt Typically colorless or white. Halite may also occur in various color including light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. halite A salt mass which consists of isometric crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl). Typically colorless or white. Halite may also occur in various color including light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. An intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z ICN NICU intensive care nursery neonatal intensive care unit An intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The ice itself can measure up to 3–4 meters in length at ground level can extend downwards into the ground up to several meters. ice wedge A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. An animal habitation which is built by alligators from plants and decomposing vegetation in order to protect their eggs from predators. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z nest of alligator An animal habitation which is built by alligators from plants and decomposing vegetation in order to protect their eggs from predators. An oceanic front in which mixing of river discharge and saline seawater occurs. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z river plume An oceanic front in which mixing of river discharge and saline seawater occurs. A feature which arises from a rapid multiplication of cyanobacteria, causing marked visible discoloration of the water. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z cyanobacterial bloom A feature which arises from a rapid multiplication of cyanobacteria, causing marked visible discoloration of the water. A planetary structural layer which consists of oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle and has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Opholites are often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks ophiolites A planetary structural layer which consists of oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle and has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. Land which has elevated levels of some contaminants or substances that are potentially hazardous to health or the environment. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z contaminated land Land which has elevated levels of some contaminants or substances that are potentially hazardous to health or the environment. An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z aquaculture aquafarming aquaculture farm An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated. An industrial building in which oil-bearing seeds or vegetable materials are crushed and pressed with a grinding mill in order to extract oils. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z oil mill An industrial building in which oil-bearing seeds or vegetable materials are crushed and pressed with a grinding mill in order to extract oils. A human construction which confines wastewater in a depression enclosed by earthen structures. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z WSPs stabilization ponds waste stabilization lagoons Presumably the waste is detained prior to treatment. waste stabilization pond A human construction which confines wastewater in a depression enclosed by earthen structures. A bioreactor which utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z photobioreactor A bioreactor which utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms. An industrial building in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The useful products include petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns. oil refinery An industrial building in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products. The useful products include petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns. A manufactured product which is used for cutting crops, vegetables, wood, metal, paper documents, etc into small pieces. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z A shredder could more specifically be consered a machine. shredder A manufactured product which is used for cutting crops, vegetables, wood, metal, paper documents, etc into small pieces. A human construction which is used for the purpose of industrial development. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Industrial parks are usually located on the edges of, or outside, the main residential area of a city and that can be thought of as a more "heavyweight" version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry. industrial park A human construction which is used for the purpose of industrial development. Industrial parks are usually located on the edges of, or outside, the main residential area of a city and that can be thought of as a more "heavyweight" version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry. Fresh water which is harvested from cloud. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z cloud water Fresh water which is harvested from cloud. Fluid environmental material which is present in the continental crust and dictates the nature and extent of crustal deformation. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The presence or absence of fluids exerts a fundamental control on rheology. crustal fluid Fluid environmental material which is present in the continental crust and dictates the nature and extent of crustal deformation. A geological fracture, found near volacnoes in the final phase of thier activity, chiefly discharging carbon dioxide and possibly other vapors. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z mofetta A geological fracture, found near volacnoes in the final phase of thier activity, chiefly discharging carbon dioxide and possibly other vapors. An organic material which is derived from lichen mats. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z lichen material An organic material which is derived from lichen mats. A manufactured product which floats in water and can be used a navigational marker among other purposes. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Buoy can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents. buoy A manufactured product which floats in water and can be used a navigational marker among other purposes. Buoy can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents. A manufactured product which is used to remove contaminants from water impeding the flow of particles or solutes. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process are applied in the water filter. Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes such as providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools. water filter A manufactured product which is used to remove contaminants from water impeding the flow of particles or solutes. Fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process are applied in the water filter. Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes such as providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools. A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z glasshouse hothouse greenhouse A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. A fermentation pit which is constructed to facilitate the fermentation of alcoholic substances. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller alcohol fermentation pit A fermentation pit which is constructed from clay. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller clay fermentation pit A pond which has been constructed by humans or their technologies. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller artificial pond A human construction that has intentionally been placed into orbit. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller Not to be confused with a natural satellite like the earth's moon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite) artificial satellite A human construction that has intentionally been placed into orbit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite A water body which is created in a stream by local scour or impoundment and has some structural control. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z pool Pool water depth is above average for the stream. If if all the running water in the stream was shut off, areas in the stream that still hold water are pools. Pool water velocity is below average for the reach, causing fine sediments to deposit in pools. Pools are generally longer than they are wide (unless they are plunge pools), and are 1.5 x deeper at their maximum depth than they are at their crest stream pool A water body which is created in a stream by local scour or impoundment and has some structural control. A hydroform which is that part of a stream where water flows swiftly and uniformly with low surface water agitation. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z run stream run A hydroform which is that part of a stream where water flows swiftly and uniformly with low surface water agitation. A stream pool which is formed as a result of high-gradient, steep streams where water cascades over a rock or woody snag. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z Due to the gradient and surrounding geology, this pattern continues down the stream: step (drop), pool, step, pool, etc. step pool A stream pool which is formed as a result of high-gradient, steep streams where water cascades over a rock or woody snag. Biofilm consisting of a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, microbes, and detritus. Periphyton Periphytic biofilm coats the submerged surfaces in most bodies of water periphytic biofilm Biofilm consisting of a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, microbes, and detritus. Periphyton colonizing rock substrata epilithon Periphyton colonizing rock substrata Periphyton colonizing silt substrata epipelon Periphyton colonizing silt substrata Periphyton colonizing surface of aquatic plants epiphyton Periphyton colonizing surface of aquatic plants Periphyton colonizing sand substrata epipsammon Periphyton colonizing sand substrata Periphyton colonizing woody substrata epixylon Periphyton colonizing woody substrata Water which is part of a stream. 2024-01-12T13:48:00Z stream water A stream which is composed primarily of fresh water. 2024-01-10T19:48:00Z freshwater stream A freshwater stream ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. 2024-01-10T19:19:00Z freshwater stream biome An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a freshwater stream. 2024-01-10T19:18:00Z freshwater stream ecosystem Adfreezing is a freezing process during which two objects adhere to each other via ice. 2019-03-04T18:47:34Z envoNceas envoPolar adfreezing Adfreezing is a freezing process during which two objects adhere to each other via ice. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adfreezing Frost heaving is a process during which an upwards swelling of soil occurs due to freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface. 2019-03-04T20:17:35Z envoNceas envoPolar frost heaving process Frost heaving is a process during which an upwards swelling of soil occurs due to freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving A water temperature which inheres in water close to the surface of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T00:50:17Z ocean surface temperature sea surface temperature temperature of the ocean surface envoEOVs envoMarine envoNceas The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface. temperature of sea surface A water temperature which inheres in water close to the surface of an ocean or sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. 2019-03-14T21:13:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in soil The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. 2019-03-14T21:24:04Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in air The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in freshwater. 2019-03-14T21:29:50Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in freshwater The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. 2019-03-14T21:35:30Z envoNceas concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater Water which is part of a lake. 2019-03-20T20:15:54Z envoNceas lake water Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. 2019-04-05T00:53:06Z envoNceas soil organic matter Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter A layer which is composed of ground that is 1) subject to annual thawing and freezing and 2) present in areas underlain by permafrost. Potential synonyms are seasonal frost, frost zone, and mollisol. See issue #741 in GitHub for additional details. These synonyms should be validated in a cryohackathon. 2019-04-08T05:22:28Z active layer of permafrost envoNceas envoPolar active permafrost layer A layer which is composed of ground that is 1) subject to annual thawing and freezing and 2) present in areas underlain by permafrost. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/active-layer A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. 2019-04-12T17:35:13Z envoNceas soil surface layer A soil surface which is exposed to the troposphere, with no appreciable cover from vegetation or other material. 2019-04-12T17:57:08Z envoNceas bare soil surface layer A soil surface which is exposed to the troposphere, with no appreciable cover from vegetation or other material. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/tx/home/?cid=stelprdb1254158 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of organic material. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. 2019-04-30T18:33:18Z envoNceas particulate organic matter Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of organic material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_organic_matter Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of carbon. 2019-04-30T18:33:35Z envoNceas particulate organic carbon Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of carbon. https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of nitrogen. 2019-04-30T18:33:45Z envoNceas particulate organic nitrogen A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. 2019-06-07T23:28:29Z envoNceas carbon sequestration process A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products A carbon sequestration process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored by biological processes. 2019-06-07T23:33:27Z envoNceas biotic carbon sequestration A carbon sequestration process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored by biological processes. A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in underground geological formations. 2019-06-07T23:33:38Z abiotic carbon sequestration envoNceas geological carbon sequestration A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in underground geological formations. A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in the carbonate system of an ocean. 2019-06-11T20:49:49Z SDGIO:00010072 envoNceas carbon sequestration by the ocean carbonate system A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in the carbonate system of an ocean. A disposition inhering in a bearer by virtue of that bearer's ability to, repeatedly, become plastic on heating and harden again on cooling. 2021-04-27T09:10:14Z termoplasticità 熱塑性 envoPlastics thermoplasticity A disposition inhering in a bearer by virtue of that bearer's ability to, repeatedly, become plastic on heating and harden again on cooling. An environmental material which is capable of, repeatedly, becoming plastic when heated and hardening again when cooled. 2021-04-27T09:45:29Z envoPlastics thermoplastic material An environmental material which is capable of, repeatedly, becoming plastic when heated and hardening again when cooled. A disposition which inheres in materials capable of becoming rigid when cured by heating. 2021-04-27T13:46:52Z 熱固性 envoPlastics thermosetting disposition A disposition which inheres in materials capable of becoming rigid when cured by heating. A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing. 2021-04-27T13:51:32Z thermoset material thermoset thermoset plastic envoPlastics Prior to curing, thermoset materials often occur as a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. In the literature, those are often referred to thermosetting resins. During curing process, well-defined and irreversible chemical networks form in three dimensions thus giving the thermosets a strong and rigid structure that can be added to other materials to increase strength. thermoset polymer A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing. Prior to curing, thermoset materials often occur as a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. In the literature, those are often referred to thermosetting resins. During curing process, well-defined and irreversible chemical networks form in three dimensions thus giving the thermosets a strong and rigid structure that can be added to other materials to increase strength. A piece of plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. 2021-05-04T13:42:05Z Plastikschaumstück Schaumstoffstück envoPlastics Depending on the type of plastic used and the organisation of the foam, a piece of plastic foam can show elastic properties (even if the plastic it is made out of does not have elastic properties). piece of plastic foam A piece of plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. A piece of plastic which is flexible, thin, and planar. 2021-05-04T13:58:27Z Plastikfolie pellicola di plastica película de plástico Kunststofffolie plastic membrane plastic sheet envoPlastics The edge can be either smooth or angular. plastic film A piece of plastic which is flexible, thin, and planar. The edge can be either smooth or angular. A piece of plastic which 1) is hard, 2) has an irregular shape, and 3) has broken off of a larger piece of plastic. 2021-05-04T14:37:37Z Plastikfragment fragmento de plástico frammento di plastica plastic flake plastic granule envoPlastics To avoid ambiguity, we are being stricter with the "has broken off of a larger piece of plastic" aspect compared to the GESAMP report, which originally stated "having appearance of being broken down from a larger piece of litter". plastic fragment A piece of plastic which 1) is hard, 2) has an irregular shape, and 3) has broken off of a larger piece of plastic. A piece of plastic which is linear and flexible. 2021-05-04T14:40:36Z plastic fibre plastic filament plastic strand envoPlastics plastic line A piece of plastic which is linear and flexible. A piece of plastic which is 1) hard, 2) has a smooth external surface, and 3) has a roughly spherical or granular shape. 2021-05-04T14:42:15Z mermaid's tears pellet de plástico pellet di plastica resin bead envoPlastics plastic pellet A piece of plastic which is 1) hard, 2) has a smooth external surface, and 3) has a roughly spherical or granular shape. A liquid astronomical body part which 1) vertically spans a water body and 2) has fiat boundaries approximating a columnar shape. 2021-05-05T12:26:45Z Wassersäule colonna d'acqua columna de agua 水層 envoPlastics water column A liquid astronomical body part which 1) vertically spans a water body and 2) has fiat boundaries approximating a columnar shape. A collection of organisms which inhabits the same region, ecosystem, or time period. This term is also requested on the PCO. Once it is added in PCO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PCO terms. 2021-05-05T12:32:21Z Biota biota biota envoPlastics biota A collection of organisms which inhabits the same region, ecosystem, or time period. A biota which inhabits a marine ecosystem. This term is also requested on the PCO. Once it is added in PCO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PCO terms. 2021-05-05T12:34:25Z Meeresbiota biota marino biota marino marine life ocean life sea life envoPlastics marine biota A biota which inhabits a marine ecosystem. A biological process during which a material entity is broken down. 2021-05-06T12:15:46Z Biodegradation Biologischer Abbauprozess biodegradación biodegradazione 生物分解 envoPlastics biodegradation A biological process during which a material entity is broken down. A biodegradation process during which plastic is broken down. 2021-05-06T12:17:43Z Biologischer Plastikabbauprozess biodegradación del plástico biodegradazione della plastica biological degradation of plastics envoPlastics Biodegradation of plastic will lead to reduce molecular weight of that plastic. biodegradation of plastic A biodegradation process during which plastic is broken down. Biodegradation of plastic will lead to reduce molecular weight of that plastic. A plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. 2021-05-07T12:26:54Z cellular polymers expanded polymers geschäumter Kunststoff plastic foam envoPlastics foamed plastic A plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. A physical quality which inheres in a liquid or solid bearer by virtue of that bearer trapping a gas in a colloidal suspension throughout its volume. This term is also requested on the PATO. Once it is added in PATO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PATO terms. 2021-05-11T11:07:53Z envoPlastics quality of a foam A physical quality which inheres in a liquid or solid bearer by virtue of that bearer trapping a gas in a colloidal suspension throughout its volume. A feeding behavior during which material is taken into the body of an organism. 2021-05-11T14:09:27Z (Nahrungs)aufnahme Ingestion ingestione ingestión 攝食 envoPlastics Note that ingestion is not limited to materials which provide nutrition to an organism; indigestible or otherwise biologically inaccessible particles may also be ingested by organisms. Ingestion is also not limited to organisms with a mouth and digestive tract, as single-celled organisms like amoebae ingest material with their cell membrane. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/1153 ingestion A feeding behavior during which material is taken into the body of an organism. A material accumulation process during which material adheres to a solid or liquid surface. 2021-05-11T14:20:33Z Adsorption adsorbimento adsorción 吸附 envoPlastics adsorption A material accumulation process during which material adheres to a solid or liquid surface. A material accumulation process during which material builds up on a solid surface such that a function of that surface, or the object it is a part of, is impaired. 2021-05-11T19:24:44Z Fouling incrostazione incrustación envoPlastics Following BFO:function semantics, this suggests that the functions of the object of which the surface is a part are affected in their realisation in one or more processes. fouling A material accumulation process during which material builds up on a solid surface such that a function of that surface, or the object it is a part of, is impaired. A fouling process during which biological matter accumulates on a solid surface. 2021-05-11T19:26:55Z bio-incrostazione bio-incrustación biological fouling Makrofouling Mikrofouling Bewuchs envoPlastics The biological matter can be microscale (e.g. biofilms created by microorganism) and macroscale (created by macroorganism). biofouling A fouling process during which biological matter accumulates on a solid surface. The biological matter can be microscale (e.g. biofilms created by microorganism) and macroscale (created by macroorganism). An environmental system process during which two dissimilar materials attach to one another. We'll relocate this in a hierarchy of similar processes later. We'll add different types of adhesion (mechanical, chemical, dispersive, diffusive, and electrostatic) as subclasses in later revisions. 2021-05-12T19:18:46Z The attachment is usually firm, and several mechanisms (mechanical, chemical, dispersive, diffusive, and electrostatic) have been proposed. This class is related to - but distinct from - those classes listed below: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APO_0000288 adhesion An environmental system process during which two dissimilar materials attach to one another. An environmental system process during which the molecules of similar materials are electrically attracted to one another, leading to the formation and maintenance of a microscopic structure holding the materials together. 2021-05-12T19:22:18Z cohesion An environmental system process during which the molecules of similar materials are electrically attracted to one another, leading to the formation and maintenance of a microscopic structure holding the materials together. A piece of plastic foam which has a near-spherical or granular shape. 2021-05-13T14:28:02Z envoPlastics These granules are usually white or opaque but can be any color. granule of plastic foam A piece of plastic foam which has a near-spherical or granular shape. These granules are usually white or opaque but can be any color. An environmental system process during which a material entity breaks into pieces or parts. 2021-05-13T14:48:11Z Fragmentierung fragmentación frammentazione envoPlastics fragmentation process An environmental system process during which a material entity breaks into pieces or parts. A fragmentation process which is caused by weathering. 2021-05-13T14:48:17Z envoPlastics Some example of materials that undergo fragmentation due to weathering are rocks and plastics. fragmentation due to weathering Some example of materials that undergo fragmentation due to weathering are rocks and plastics. An environnmental material which 1) is composed primarily of polymers with high molecular mass and 2) once deformed does not spontaneously return to its original shape. 2021-04-07T14:40:26Z Plastik plastica 塑膠 Kunststoff envoPlastics "High molecular mass" can be ambiguous as it does not set a threshold for what is considered "high". Here we make no commitment to a threshold. plastic An environnmental material which 1) is composed primarily of polymers with high molecular mass and 2) once deformed does not spontaneously return to its original shape. Kunststoff In German "Kunststoff" connotes those plastics which have intentionally been shaped by some art, thus "Kunst". A piece of plastic which is greater than 1 metre in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T13:55:24Z envoPlastics This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. megaplastic particle A piece of plastic which is greater than 1 metre in its longest dimension. A piece of plastic which is between 25 and 1000 millimetres in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T14:01:58Z envoPlastics This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist and are detailed in the same report. An alternative classification is a piece of plastic which is between 25 and 50 millimetres in its longest dimension. macroplastic particle A piece of plastic which is between 25 and 1000 millimetres in its longest dimension. A piece of plastic which is between 5 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T14:04:53Z envoPlastics This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternatives classifications are a piece of plastic which is less than 25 millimetres in its longest dimension, or a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. mesoplastic particle A piece of plastic which is between 5 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 micrometre. 2021-04-08T14:07:41Z envoPlastics This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. An alternative classification is a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 100 nanometres. The GESAMP report states that it assumes a spherical shape for this size classification, which was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. nanoplastic particle A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 micrometre. A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which are composed primarily of plastic and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. 2021-04-27T08:42:44Z Plastiksphäre plastisfera plastisfera envoPlastics plastisphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which are composed primarily of plastic and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. Anthropogenic litter which is present in the marine environment. 2021-05-04T14:07:44Z 海洋廢棄物 envoPlastics Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. marine anthropogenic litter Anthropogenic litter which is present in the marine environment. An anthropogenic environmental process during which waste is improperly disposed of into the environment. 2021-05-04T14:13:18Z envoPlastics Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. littering An anthropogenic environmental process during which waste is improperly disposed of into the environment. A role which 1) inheres in a material entity 2) is realised when that entity is discarded outside waste management systems by humans or their technologies. 2021-05-05T14:15:43Z envoPlastics litter role A plastisphere which is composed primarily of manufactured plastic. 2021-05-06T12:41:22Z envoPlastics manufactured plastisphere Plastic which is composed primarily of polymers produced by processes whose agents do not include humans or their technologies. The corresponding subclass axiom will be added in the second phase of this project. 2021-05-07T09:09:37Z envoPlastics natural plastic A plastic which is composed primarily of polymers produced by a manufacturing process. The corresponding subclass axiom will be added in the second phase of this project. 2021-05-07T09:12:35Z manufactured plastic envoPlastics envoPolar synthetic plastic A planned environmental usage process during which any number of fish are caught by humans or their technologies. 2021-05-07T17:56:06Z angeln fischen pesca pesca envoPlastics fishing A planned environmental usage process during which any number of fish are caught by humans or their technologies. An anthropogenic environmental process during which abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear attracts and entangles organisms. While not driven by humans directly, ghost fishing is a downstream result of their intentional actions. 2021-05-07T18:00:11Z envoPlastics ghost fishing An anthropogenic environmental process during which abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear attracts and entangles organisms. A manufactured product which is used for fishing. 2021-05-07T18:01:58Z Angelausrüstung Angelzubehör Fischereiausrüstung attrezzo di pesca equipo de pesca fishing tackle 漁具 envoPlastics fishing gear A manufactured product which is used for fishing. Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:06:28Z entsorgte Angelausrüstung equipo de pesca desechado attrezzo di pesca scartato weggeworfene Angelausrüstung weggeworfene Fischerreiausrüstung weggeworfenes Angelzubehör envoPlastics In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). discarded fishing gear Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:11:07Z envoPlastics In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). abandoned fishing gear Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:13:31Z attrezzo di pesca perso equipo de pesca perdido verschollene Angelausrüstung envoPlastics In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). lost fishing gear Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). A material transformation process during which the properties of a material are changed as a result of in situ exposure to atmospheric processes. 2021-05-07T18:39:54Z Verwitterung meteorización meteorizzazione 風化(作用) envoPlastics The term "weathering" should not be confused with "erosion", which is the removal and transport of environmental material away from a site via exogenic processes. weathering A material transformation process during which the properties of a material are changed as a result of in situ exposure to atmospheric processes. An environmental system process during which material entities become entrapped, wrapped, twisted, entwined, or otherwise caught in one another. 2021-05-07T18:43:55Z Verfangen Verhedderung Verstrickung proceso de enredamiento processo di impigliamento envoPlastics entanglement process An environmental system process during which material entities become entrapped, wrapped, twisted, entwined, or otherwise caught in one another. An entanglement process during which organisms become entrapped in anthropogenic marine debris. We've added anthropogenic litter as an input, as the threshold between litter and debris is ambigious. See the notes on anthropogenic litter 2021-05-07T18:47:14Z envoPlastics Examples of marine debris include boating gear, or fishing gear (active or derelict). Marine debris may be in water or on land. entanglement of organisms in marine debris A polymer which is the output of a biological process. 2021-05-10T10:54:01Z envoPlastics biopolymer A polymer which is the output of a biological process. A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process. 2021-05-10T10:56:03Z envoPlastics synthetic polymer A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process. Anthropogenic litter which is present in a coastal environment. 2021-05-10T11:07:40Z envoPlastics Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. coastal anthropogenic litter A manufacturing process which includes plastic as one of its specified outputs. 2021-05-11T08:17:35Z Plastikherstellung plastic production producción de plástico produzione di plastica envoPlastics plastic manufacturing process A manufacturing process which includes plastic as one of its specified outputs. Weathering during which plastic is worn or broken down. 2021-05-12T14:28:52Z envoPlastics weathering of plastic A surface layer which is 1) part of a phreatic zone in contact with a vadose zone and 2) contains interstitial water with a pressure head equal to atmospheric pressure. 2021-10-29T14:15:55Z water table A surface layer which is 1) part of a phreatic zone in contact with a vadose zone and 2) contains interstitial water with a pressure head equal to atmospheric pressure. https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/hydr/concepts/gwater/wattable.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_table Soil compaction is a compaction process during which the bulk density of soil increases and/or its porosity decreases due to externally or internally applied loads. soil compaction process An elevation which inheres in a water table by virture of its vertical distance from a land surface. 2021-11-04T17:43:01Z depth of the water table depth to the water table height of the water table While called "depth", this is not the depth of the water table but rather how far it is below a reference plane, usually the soil surface. Thus, this is placed under PATO:elevation which allows for distance above and below a reference point. water table depth A rate which is characteristic of irradiance by photosynthetically active radiation by virtue of the number of photons received by an irradiated surface over time. A best-guess at representing "density" of massless entities - likely to require further expert input and refinement. 2021-11-05T00:08:35Z PPFD Often represented in micromoles of photons associated with photosynthetically active radiation per square meter per second. photosynthetic photon flux density A rate which is characteristic of irradiance by photosynthetically active radiation by virtue of the number of photons received by an irradiated surface over time. A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage compacted soil A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. 2021-11-18T16:37:55Z percolation rate in soil soil percolation rate A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percolation_test&oldid=1029916094 https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/definition-and-purpose-of--percolation-of-soil-rhV5.php?article_id=15157 Liquid water which 1) flows over land and 2) is not absorbed or retained by the materials if flows over or through. 2021-11-18T17:01:38Z overland flow surface runoff Runoff often gathers debris and solutes from the materials it flows over or through, and often flows into a water body. runoff Liquid water which 1) flows over land and 2) is not absorbed or retained by the materials if flows over or through. A flux which inheres in photosynthetically active radiation. 2021-12-13T02:12:31Z PPF Often represented in micromoles of photons associated with photosynthetically active radiation per second. photosynthetic photon flux A flux which inheres in photosynthetically active radiation. The number of days during which there is precipitation 2021-12-13T02:42:11Z The threshold at which a day is considered to be a rainy day is highly variable, and determined at the instance level. rainy day count The depth of the top part of a soil layer. 2021-12-19T21:17:29Z soil layer top depth The depth of the bottom part of a soil layer. 2021-12-19T21:19:05Z soil layer bottom depth A water flow process during which water occupies the pores or interstices of a solid or semi-solid material. 2021-12-20T00:35:50Z water infiltration A water infiltration process during which water fills the pore space and interstices of soil. 2021-12-20T00:41:35Z soil water infiltration water infiltration into soil A water infiltration process during which water fills the pore space and interstices of soil. Albedo which inheres in soil. 2021-12-20T00:53:11Z soil albedo Soil albedo which inheres in dry soil. 2021-12-20T00:55:55Z dry soil albedo Soil albedo which inheres in moist soil. 2021-12-20T00:58:06Z This could be axiomatised with PATO:wet, but that isn't likely to map neatly to "moist". moist soil albedo An ion which is 1) adsorbed onto the surfaces of materials with an opposing charge, 2) are readily displaced by other ions, 3) may be displaced and absorbed by organisms. Add an equivalence axiom to autopopulate this once we have ion exchange in as a process. 2021-12-20T01:24:00Z The exchangeable ion pool is the dominant storage pool for calcium, magnesium, and potassium ions. In soil, exchangeable ions are typically bound to the surface of clay and humus colloids. exchangeable ion An ion which is 1) adsorbed onto the surfaces of materials with an opposing charge, 2) are readily displaced by other ions, 3) may be displaced and absorbed by organisms. https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/classes/ssc219/biogeo/exchca.htm A potassium ion which is capable of ion exchange. This class will be moved under K+ once it has been imported from CHEBI 2021-12-20T03:22:11Z exchangeable K+ exchangeable potassium A potassium ion which is capable of ion exchange. https://www.alberta.ca/potassium-management-in-crops.aspx Liquid water which is present in soils as discontinuous volumnes of water in contact with solid and gaseous components of the soil. 2021-12-20T03:37:25Z residual water in soil Liquid water which is present in soils as discontinuous volumnes of water in contact with solid and gaseous components of the soil. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.3867&rep=rep1&type=pdf A calcium ion which is capable of ion exchange. This class will be moved under Ca2+ once it has been imported from CHEBI 2021-12-22T16:30:54Z exchangeable Ca2+ exchangeable calcium A calcium ion which is capable of ion exchange. https://www.eco-gem.com/soil-science-available-calcium-cation-exchange-complex/ A physical quality which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb exchangeable cations. 2021-12-22T16:39:01Z CEC In soils, these materials include clay and organic matter particles. Soil CEC is measured in millequivalents per 100 grams of soil (meq/100g). A meq is the number of ions which total a specific quantity of electrical charges. Common soil cations include: calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), hydrogen (H+) and sodium (Na+). cation exchange capacity A physical quality which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb exchangeable cations. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ay/ay-238.html A drainage process during which liquid water is transported away from soil. 2021-12-22T17:12:04Z soil drainage A drainage process during which liquid water is transported away from soil. A cation exchange capacity which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb basic exchangeable cations. 2021-12-22T17:32:00Z BS The basic cation exchange capacity is often expressed as the percentage of the total exchangeable cations which are basic, known as the percentage base saturation. The percentage base saturation is expressed as follows: %BS = [(Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+)/CEC] × 100 basic cation exchange capacity A cation exchange capacity which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb basic exchangeable cations. https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=C1040 Energy which has been absorbed by an astronomical body or its parts following that body's irradiation by shortwave radiation from a star. 2021-12-23T03:51:41Z absorbed shortwave radiation Despite the label, this is not a shortwave radiation process, but the energy that is absorbed from one. This term is used to describe, e.g., the energy absorbed from insolation and stored by the Earth. Gross shortwave radiation would also include shortwave radiation reflected back into space by clouds, aerosols, and solid surfaces with high albedo. net shortwave radiation Energy which has been absorbed by an astronomical body or its parts following that body's irradiation by shortwave radiation from a star. http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/net_shrtwave_rad.shtml A layer that is composed primarily of soil. soil layer A planned process during which a soil profile is examined and the soil horizons that compose it are described. 2021-12-23T04:10:36Z soil profile characterization A planned process during which a soil profile is examined and the soil horizons that compose it are described. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/mauisoil/a_profile.aspx Waste water which was converted into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or reused. 2021-12-23T04:16:42Z treated wastewater Waste water which was converted into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or reused. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/wastewater-treatment-water-use Saline water from which minerals have been removed to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. 2021-12-23T04:26:38Z desalinated water Saline water from which minerals have been removed to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/desalination Texture which inheres in soil. 2021-12-26T21:49:12Z soil texture Soil which is primarily composed of sand with silt and clay in progressively smaller proportions. 2021-12-26T22:01:51Z Some authorities consider this a soil type, composed of 70-86% of sand, 0-30% of silt and 0-15% of clay. Others consider this a soil material that contains at the upper limit 85 to 90% sand, and the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay is not less than 15, at the lower limit it contains not less than 70 to 85% sand, and the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay does not exceed 30. loamy sand Soil which is primarily composed of sand with silt and clay in progressively smaller proportions. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils Some authorities consider this a soil type, composed of 70-86% of sand, 0-30% of silt and 0-15% of clay. Others consider this a soil material that contains at the upper limit 85 to 90% sand, and the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay is not less than 15, at the lower limit it contains not less than 70 to 85% sand, and the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay does not exceed 30. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Sand which is composed primarily of fine particles. 2021-12-26T22:04:18Z Thresholds for what particle size is considered "fine" vary by region and authority, as well as the tolerance for proportions of other particle sizes. fine sand Loam which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:08:11Z Some authorities consider sandy loam to be a soil composed of 50-70% sand, 0-50% silt, and 0-20% clay. Others, a soil material that contains either 20% or less clay, with a percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay that exceeds 30, and 52% or more sand; or less than 7% clay, less than 50% silt, and between 43% and 52% sand. sandy loam Some authorities consider sandy loam to be a soil composed of 50-70% sand, 0-50% silt, and 0-20% clay. Others, a soil material that contains either 20% or less clay, with a percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay that exceeds 30, and 52% or more sand; or less than 7% clay, less than 50% silt, and between 43% and 52% sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils Loam which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:10:33Z Some authorities consider silt loam to be a soil composed of 20-50% of sand, 74-88% silt and 0-27% of clay. USDA textural classes of soils silty loam Some authorities consider silt loam to be a soil composed of 20-50% of sand, 74-88% silt and 0-27% of clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Clay loam which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:11:57Z Some authorities consider sandy clay loam to be a soil composed of 45-80% sand, 0-28% silt, and 20-35% clay. sandy clay loam Some authorities consider sandy clay loam to be a soil composed of 45-80% sand, 0-28% silt, and 20-35% clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html Loam which has a high proportion of clay in its composition. Interestingly, some instances of this class may not actually conform to the definition of loam, by having roughly unequal proportions of sand and silt and quite a large proportion of clay. 2021-12-26T22:12:30Z Some authorities consider clay loam to be a soil composed of 20-45% sand, 15-52% silt, and 27 to 40% clay. clay loam Some authorities consider clay loam to be a soil composed of 20-45% sand, 15-52% silt, and 27 to 40% clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html USDA textural classes of soils Clay loam which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:13:01Z Some authorities consider silty clay loam to be a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-73 of silt and 27-40% of clay. silty clay loam Some authorities consider silty clay loam to be a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-73 of silt and 27-40% of clay. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils Clay which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. If this is a soil (in which case the differntia must be made clear) it should be moved (or a new class created) and labelled 'sandy clay soil'. 2021-12-26T22:13:44Z Some authorities consider sandy clay to be a soil composed of 45-65% of sand, 0-20% of silt and 35-55% of clay. If the proportion of sand exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay sand" should be created. sandy clay Some authorities consider sandy clay to be a soil composed of 45-65% of sand, 0-20% of silt and 35-55% of clay. If the proportion of sand exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay sand" should be created. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils Clay which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. If this is a soil (in which case the differntia must be made clear) it should be moved (or a new class created) and labelled 'silty clay soil'. 2021-12-26T22:14:11Z Some authorities consider this a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-60% of silt and 40-60% of clay. If the proportion of silt exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay silt" should be created. silty clay Some authorities consider this a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-60% of silt and 40-60% of clay. If the proportion of silt exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay silt" should be created. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils A recycling process during which wastewater is treated wastewater treatment process A recycling process during which the dissolved mineral salts in water are removed desalination process A concentration of liquid water in soil arrived at after water which is not retained by the soil has drained away. drained upper limit The determination of field capacity is variable and multiple methods to do so exist. Even in a given soil, the value of field capacity is variable, but serves as a useful measure of its water-holding capacity. Field capacity is often characterized by measuring water content after wetting a soil profile, covering it (to prevent evaporation) and monitoring the change soil moisture in the profile. Water content when the rate of change is relatively small is indicative of when drainage ceases and is called field capacity, it is also termed drained upper limit (DUL). This measure of field capacity is well-correlated with field capacity determined by applying −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure (less in sandy soils) to a portion of soil and subsequently measuring the bulk water content it retains.Field capacity is usually naturally arrived at 2–3 days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. field capacity A concentration of liquid water in soil arrived at after water which is not retained by the soil has drained away. The determination of field capacity is variable and multiple methods to do so exist. Even in a given soil, the value of field capacity is variable, but serves as a useful measure of its water-holding capacity. Field capacity is often characterized by measuring water content after wetting a soil profile, covering it (to prevent evaporation) and monitoring the change soil moisture in the profile. Water content when the rate of change is relatively small is indicative of when drainage ceases and is called field capacity, it is also termed drained upper limit (DUL). This measure of field capacity is well-correlated with field capacity determined by applying −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure (less in sandy soils) to a portion of soil and subsequently measuring the bulk water content it retains.Field capacity is usually naturally arrived at 2–3 days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. A concentration of liquid water in soil at or below which a plant will wilt and no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a water saturated atmosphere. PWP wilting point The type of plant and soil are sources of variation for values of this concentration. The physical definition of the wilting point is conventionally measured as the water content at −1,500 kPa (−15 bar) of suction pressure, or negative hydraulic head. permanent wilting point A concentration of liquid water in soil at or below which a plant will wilt and no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a water saturated atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_wilting_point The type of plant and soil are sources of variation for values of this concentration. The physical definition of the wilting point is conventionally measured as the water content at −1,500 kPa (−15 bar) of suction pressure, or negative hydraulic head. Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. soil water-holding capacity water-holding capacity of soil Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. TermGenie 2014-12-15T22:32:00Z envoMeo axilla skin environment true true An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. GOC:TermGenie An environment that is determined by a mouth. TermGenie 2015-04-10T23:34:03Z envoMeo mouth environment true true An environment that is determined by a mouth. GOC:TermGenie The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in environmental material The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in soil The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in water The amount of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in environmental material The amount of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in soil The amount of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in water The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in environmental material The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in soil The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in water The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in environmental material The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in soil The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in water The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in environmental material The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in soil The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in water The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in environmental material The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in soil The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in water The concentration of a chloride when measured in water. water chloride concentration concentration of chloride in water The concentration of a clay when measured in soil. soil clay concentration concentration of clay in soil The concentration of a slit when measured in soil. soil slit concentration concentration of slit in soil The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. soil sand concentration concentration of sand in soil The concentration of a gravel when measured in soil. soil gravel concentration concentration of gravel in soil The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water concentration soil moisture content soil water content concentration of liquid water in soil The concentration of a salt when measured in soil. soil salt concentration concentration of salt in soil The evaporation of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water evaporation evaporation of liquid water in soil The rate of a hydrological evaporation when measured in soil. soil hydrological evaporation rate rate of hydrological evaporation in soil The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil. soil soil organic matter concentration concentration of soil organic matter in soil The concentration of a pesticide when measured in surface water. surface water pesticide concentration concentration of pesticide in surface water The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in environmental material The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in soil The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in water The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in environmental material The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in soil The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in water The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality The intensity of a atmospheric wind. intensity of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind intensity The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil The mass density of some soil. soil mass density mass density of soil The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil. soil ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in soil The concentration of a nitrate when measured in soil. soil nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in soil The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil The acidity of some soil. soil acidity soil pH acidity of soil The pressure of some air. air pressure pressure of air The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil The conductivity of some soil. soil conductivity conductivity of soil The composition of some water. water composition composition of water The conductivity of some water. water conductivity conductivity of water The concentration of a nitrate when measured in groundwater. ground water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in groundwater The color of some soil. soil color color of soil ENVO:09200036 ENVO:09200037 The ID related to this term was accidentally used for two separate classes, hours of sunshine and mass density of snow, which are now seperate terms. obsolete hours of sunshine true The depth of some snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow depth snow cover envoCryo envoPolar depth of snow The volume of some runoff. runoff volume volume of runoff The volume of some evaporation. evaporation volume volume of evaporation The volume of some evapotranspiration. evapotranspiration volume volume of evapotranspiration The volume of some rain. rain volume volume of rain The speed of some soil water infiltration. soil water infiltration speed speed of soil water infiltration The thickness of some topsoil. topsoil thickness thickness of topsoil The speed of some soil drainage. soil drainage speed speed of soil drainage The amplitude of some temperature of air. temperature of air amplitude amplitude of temperature of air The duration of some stellar radiation. stellar radiation duration duration of stellar radiation The pressure of some atmospheric water vapour. atmospheric water vapour pressure pressure of atmospheric water vapour The porosity of some snow. snow porosity porosity of snow The porosity of some water ice. water ice porosity porosity of water ice The mass density of some snow. snow mass density mass density of snow A one-dimensional temporal region during which an entity is exposed to stellar radiation. sunshine hours envoCryo envoPolar hours of sunshine A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations. Drought is often defined as a temporal period of below-average precipitation, however, representing it as a temporal entity seems insufficient. environmental_hazards drought A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. See issue #276. This class is complex as marine mucilage is quite complex. It will also requre new class creation in GO process for deeper semantics. sea snot The formation of marine mucilage is often associated with conditions which stress marine microorganisms such as diatoms. marine mucilage A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0007006 A process in which carbohydrates are transported from the interior of an organism to its surroundings. Class for testing with marine mucilage. exudation of carbohydrates A process which results in the formation of an island. Addressing Issue #268. This top-level class may be converted to an inferred class. island formation process An island created when a continent is rifted. "Examples are Madagascar and Socotra off Africa, the Kerguelen Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and some of the Seychelles." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island microcontinental island An island created when a continent is rifted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. depositional island An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves barrier island An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process 2013-04-27T10:32:07Z ENVO ENVO:2000000 chemical product A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties 2013-04-27T10:35:14Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote ENVO ENVO:2000001 creosote The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. 2013-04-27T03:16:01Z ENVO ENVO:2000002 industrial wastewate treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. 2013-04-27T03:17:36Z ENVO ENVO:2000003 agricultural wastewater treatment plant A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. 2013-04-27T04:26:24Z EcoLexicon:algal_bloom SWEETRealm:AlgalBloom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom ENVO ENVO:2000004 algal bloom A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. 2013-04-27T04:28:27Z ENVO ENVO:2000005 envoPolar freshwater algal bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom#Freshwater_algal_blooms An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). 2013-04-27T04:49:24Z termite nest ENVO ENVO:2000006 nest of termite An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite#Nests charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. 2018-11-03T19:28:29Z biochar charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar A soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. 2018-11-03T19:43:59Z brown coal It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent. lignite A soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite brown coal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite 2018-11-03T19:47:13Z sub-bitumous coal a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It is an organic sedimentary rock formed by diagenetic and sub metamorphic compression of peat bog material. 2018-11-03T19:47:22Z black coal bitumous coal a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It is an organic sedimentary rock formed by diagenetic and sub metamorphic compression of peat bog material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous_coal A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coal. 2018-11-03T19:47:32Z hard coal anthracite A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite hard coal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite The generation of energy for use by humans 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z anthropogenic generation of energy 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z generation of energy from coal 2018-11-03T20:05:18Z generation of energy from oil A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. energy Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z potential energy Energy which is realised through motion. 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z kinetic energy Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z mixed potential and kinetic energy potential energy due to or stored in electric fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:07Z electric energy potential energy due to or stored in magnetic fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:25Z magnetic energy potential energy due to or stored in gravitational fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:37Z gravitational energy Potential energy which is stored in chemical bonds and realised through reactions which break them.. 2018-11-03T20:27:46Z chemical energy potential energy that binds an electron to its atom or molecule. 2018-11-03T20:27:57Z ionization energy potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z nuclear energy Potential energy due to the energy of the gluon-mediated field of the strong force, binding quarks together into hadrons. 2018-11-03T20:28:20Z chromodynamic binding energy gluon binding energy quantum chromodynamics binding energy chromodynamic energy Potential energy due to the energy of the gluon-mediated field of the strong force, binding quarks together into hadrons. potential energy due to the deformation of a material (or its container) exhibiting a restorative force. 2018-11-03T20:28:42Z elastic energy Wave energy which inheres in an elastic material and is realised when a deformational wave passes through that material. 2018-11-03T20:29:00Z mechanical wave energy Mechanical wave energy which is realised when an acoustic wave propagates through a material. 2018-11-03T20:29:11Z sound wave energy Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z radiant energy potential energy due to an object's rest mass. 2018-11-03T20:29:57Z rest energy Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z A form of disordered mechanical energy. thermal energy Mechanical wave energy which inheres in an atmosphere and is realised during an atmospheric wind. 2018-11-03T20:47:14Z wind wave energy Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. geothermal energy 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z stellar radiation energy A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z fossil fuel power plant 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z coal power plant 2018-11-03T21:02:17Z gas power station 2018-11-03T21:06:13Z lignite power plant 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z solar power station 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z OTEC power plant OTEC power station ocean thermal power station 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z tidal power plant Coal heated in the absence of air. 2018-11-03T21:29:33Z coke 2018-11-03T21:35:24Z hydrocarbon-based environmental material A biogeochemical cycle which has oxygen as participant. 2018-11-03T22:06:08Z global carbon cycling oxygen cycling An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment An environmental system determined by an intestine. envoMeo intestine environment An environment determined by an area or zone of skin tissue. envoMeo skin environment integumental system environment envoMeo face skin environment envoMeo feather environment A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. NCIT:C16862 This definition focuses on the properties of microwaves rather than their wavelength or frequency limits. Considerable ambiguity exists around the wavelength and frequency thresholds of microwaves. The ISO 21348 definition bounds these waves at 1 mm and 15 mm, with frequencies between 100 GHz and 0.225 GHz. microwave radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. ENVO As with microwaves, considerable variation exists in the delimitation of frequency and wavelength thresholds for radiowaves. The ISO 21348 standard allows a wavelength range of 0.10 mm to 100 m and a frequency range of 300 GHz to 3 MHz. However, much lower thresholds also exist. radio wave radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. NCIT:C16736 infra-red radiation IR radiation infrared radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. NCIT:C17732 optical radiation ENVO visible light visible spectrum radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. visible light NCIT:C17732 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. To be expanded to account for subtypes. UV radiation ENVO environmental_hazards ultraviolet radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. NCIT:C17262 X ray radiation ENVO X-ray environmental_hazards X-ray radiation A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray X-ray NCIT:C17262 A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. ENVO environmental_hazards gamma-ray radiation A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. NCIT:C17052 ionising radiation ENVO ionizing radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation The concentration of Adenosine 5-triphosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water Adenosine 5-triphosphate concentration concentration of Adenosine 5-triphosphate in liquid water The concentration of alloxanthine when measured in liquid water. liquid water alloxanthine concentration concentration of alloxanthine in liquid water The concentration of alpha-carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water alpha-carotene concentration concentration of alpha-carotene in liquid water The concentration of ammonium when measured in liquid water. liquid water ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in liquid water The concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water bacteriochlorophyll a concentration concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a in liquid water The concentration of beta-carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water beta-carotene concentration concentration of beta-carotene in liquid water The concentration of carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water carotene concentration concentration of carotene in liquid water The concentration of chlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll a concentration concentration of chlorophyll a in liquid water The concentration of chlorophyll b when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll b concentration concentration of chlorophyll b in liquid water The concentration of chlorophyllide a when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyllide a concentration concentration of chlorophyllide a in liquid water The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. liquid water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in liquid water The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water divinyl chlorophyll a concentration concentration of divinyl chlorophyll a in liquid water The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b when measured in liquid water. liquid water divinyl chlorophyll b concentration concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b in liquid water The concentration of fucoxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water fucoxanthin concentration concentration of fucoxanthin in liquid water The concentration of Guanosine 5-triphosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water Guanosine 5-triphosphate concentration concentration of Guanosine 5-triphosphate in liquid water The concentration of hydrogen peroxide when measured in liquid water. liquid water hydrogen peroxide concentration concentration of hydrogen peroxide in liquid water The concentration of hydrogen sulfide when measured in liquid water. liquid water hydrogen sulfide concentration concentration of hydrogen sulfide in liquid water The concentration of lutein when measured in liquid water. liquid water lutein concentration concentration of lutein in liquid water The concentration of methane when measured in liquid water. liquid water methane concentration concentration of methane in liquid water The concentration of neoxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water neoxanthin concentration concentration of neoxanthin in liquid water The concentration of nitrate when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in liquid water The concentration of nitrite when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrite concentration concentration of nitrite in liquid water The concentration of nitrous oxide when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrous oxide concentration concentration of nitrous oxide in liquid water The concentration of peridinin when measured in liquid water. liquid water peridinin concentration concentration of peridinin in liquid water The concentration of phosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water phosphate concentration concentration of phosphate in liquid water The concentration of silicate(4-) when measured in liquid water. liquid water silicate(4-) concentration concentration of silicate(4-) in liquid water The concentration of violaxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water violaxanthin concentration concentration of violaxanthin in liquid water The concentration of zeaxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water zeaxanthin concentration concentration of zeaxanthin in liquid water The acidity of some water. water acidity acidity of water The depth of some water. water depth depth of water The fluorescence of some water. water fluorescence fluorescence of water The pressure of some water. water pressure pressure of water The concentration of silicic acid when measured in liquid water. liquid water silicic acid concentration concentration of silicic acid in liquid water The concentration of chlorophyll when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll concentration concentration of chlorophyll in liquid water The concentration of nitrate when measured in sea water. sea water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in sea water The concentration of phosphate when measured in sea water. sea water phosphate concentration concentration of phosphate in sea water The concentration of silicic acid when measured in sea water. sea water silicic acid concentration concentration of silicic acid in sea water The concentration of ammonium when measured in sea water. sea water ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in sea water The concentration of nitrite when measured in sea water. sea water nitrite concentration concentration of nitrite in sea water The concentration of carbon-13 atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon-13 atom concentration concentration of carbon-13 atom in sea water The concentration of carbon atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in sea water The concentration of chloroflurocarbon when measured in sea water. sea water chloroflurocarbon concentration concentration of chloroflurocarbon in sea water The concentration of tritium when measured in sea water. sea water tritium concentration concentration of tritium in sea water The concentration of helium-3 when measured in sea water. sea water helium-3 concentration concentration of helium-3 in sea water The concentration of carbon-14 atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon-14 atom concentration concentration of carbon-14 atom in sea water The concentration of sulfur hexafluoride when measured in sea water. sea water sulfur hexafluoride concentration concentration of sulfur hexafluoride in sea water The concentration of calcium carbonate when measured in sea water. sea water calcium carbonate concentration concentration of calcium carbonate in sea water The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water. sea water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in sea water The concentration of bromine when measured in lake water. lake water bromine concentration concentration of bromine in lake water The concentration of cerium when measured in lake water. lake water cerium concentration concentration of cerium in lake water The concentration of cobalt when measured in lake water. lake water cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in lake water The concentration of dysprosium when measured in lake water. lake water dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in lake water The concentration of europium when measured in lake water. lake water europium concentration concentration of europium in lake water The concentration of gadolinium when measured in lake water. lake water gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in lake water The concentration of lanthanum when measured in lake water. lake water lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in lake water The concentration of lithium when measured in lake water. lake water lithium concentration concentration of lithium in lake water The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in lake water. lake water methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in lake water The concentration of molybdenum when measured in lake water. lake water molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in lake water The concentration of neodymium when measured in lake water. lake water neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in lake water The concentration of niobium when measured in lake water. lake water niobium concentration concentration of niobium in lake water The concentration of praseodymium when measured in lake water. lake water praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in lake water The concentration of samarium when measured in lake water. lake water samarium concentration concentration of samarium in lake water The concentration of silver when measured in lake water. lake water silver concentration concentration of silver in lake water The concentration of thallium when measured in lake water. lake water thallium concentration concentration of thallium in lake water The concentration of tin when measured in lake water. lake water tin concentration concentration of tin in lake water The concentration of titanium when measured in lake water. lake water titanium concentration concentration of titanium in lake water The concentration of yttrium when measured in lake water. lake water yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in lake water The concentration of bromine when measured in water ice. water ice bromine concentration concentration of bromine in water ice The concentration of cerium when measured in water ice. water ice cerium concentration concentration of cerium in water ice The concentration of cobalt when measured in water ice. water ice cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in water ice The concentration of dysprosium when measured in water ice. water ice dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in water ice The concentration of europium when measured in water ice. water ice europium concentration concentration of europium in water ice The concentration of gadolinium when measured in water ice. water ice gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in water ice The concentration of lanthanum when measured in water ice. water ice lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in water ice The concentration of lithium when measured in water ice. water ice lithium concentration concentration of lithium in water ice The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in water ice. water ice methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in water ice The concentration of molybdenum when measured in water ice. water ice molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in water ice The concentration of neodymium when measured in water ice. water ice neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in water ice The concentration of niobium when measured in water ice. water ice niobium concentration concentration of niobium in water ice The concentration of praseodymium when measured in water ice. water ice praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in water ice The concentration of samarium when measured in water ice. water ice samarium concentration concentration of samarium in water ice The concentration of silver when measured in water ice. water ice silver concentration concentration of silver in water ice The concentration of thallium when measured in water ice. water ice thallium concentration concentration of thallium in water ice The concentration of tin when measured in water ice. water ice tin concentration concentration of tin in water ice The concentration of titanium when measured in water ice. water ice titanium concentration concentration of titanium in water ice The concentration of yttrium when measured in water ice. water ice yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in water ice The concentration of bromine when measured in snow. snow bromine concentration concentration of bromine in snow The concentration of cerium when measured in snow. snow cerium concentration concentration of cerium in snow The concentration of cobalt when measured in snow. snow cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in snow The concentration of dysprosium when measured in snow. snow dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in snow The concentration of europium when measured in snow. snow europium concentration concentration of europium in snow The concentration of gadolinium when measured in snow. snow gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in snow The concentration of lanthanum when measured in snow. snow lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in snow The concentration of lithium when measured in snow. snow lithium concentration concentration of lithium in snow The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in snow. snow methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in snow The concentration of molybdenum when measured in snow. snow molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in snow The concentration of neodymium when measured in snow. snow neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in snow The concentration of niobium when measured in snow. snow niobium concentration concentration of niobium in snow The concentration of praseodymium when measured in snow. snow praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in snow The concentration of samarium when measured in snow. snow samarium concentration concentration of samarium in snow The concentration of silver when measured in snow. snow silver concentration concentration of silver in snow The concentration of thallium when measured in snow. snow thallium concentration concentration of thallium in snow The concentration of tin when measured in snow. snow tin concentration concentration of tin in snow The concentration of titanium when measured in snow. snow titanium concentration concentration of titanium in snow The concentration of yttrium when measured in snow. snow yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in snow The concentration of urea when measured in liquid water. liquid water urea concentration concentration of urea in liquid water The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil. soil oxygen concentration concentration of oxygen in soil The concentration of manganese molecular entity when measured in soil. soil manganese molecular entity concentration concentration of manganese molecular entity in soil The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil. soil iron molecular entity concentration concentration of iron molecular entity in soil The concentration of aluminium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil aluminium molecular entity concentration concentration of aluminium molecular entity in soil The concentration of magnesium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil magnesium molecular entity concentration concentration of magnesium molecular entity in soil The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil sodium molecular entity concentration concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil The concentration of organic nitrogen anion when measured in soil. soil organic nitrogen anion concentration concentration of organic nitrogen anion in soil The concentration of organophosphorus compound when measured in soil. soil organophosphorus compound concentration concentration of organophosphorus compound in soil The concentration of phosphorus molecular entity when measured in soil. soil phosphorus molecular entity concentration concentration of phosphorus molecular entity in soil The concentration of potassium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil potassium molecular entity concentration concentration of potassium molecular entity in soil The concentration of calcium carbonate when measured in soil. soil calcium carbonate concentration concentration of calcium carbonate in soil The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil. soil organic molecular entity concentration concentration of organic molecular entity in soil The concentration of tetraphosphorus decaoxide when measured in soil. soil tetraphosphorus decaoxide concentration concentration of tetraphosphorus decaoxide in soil The concentration of sulfate when measured in soil. soil sulfate concentration concentration of sulfate in soil The concentration of exchangeable potassium when measured in soil. soil exchangeable potassium concentration concentration of exchangeable potassium in soil The concentration of residual water when measured in soil. soil residual water concentration concentration of residual water in soil The concentration of exchangeable calcium when measured in soil. soil exchangeable calcium concentration concentration of exchangeable calcium in soil An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. fungal structure ontology fungal structure orange juice (liquid) Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. Damion Dooley Foodon product type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations. food product The juice products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave juice This food product type includes food products which are made from fermentation of juice extracted from pressed sugarcane. fermenting sugar cane juice fermenting elaeis palm sap food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. SUBSET_SIREN:F17332 mammalian meat food product A processed meat food product that is made from a sausage. 2022-10-28T11:02:42Z sausage food product Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-06-11T23:00:48Z SUBSET_SIREN:F17604 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'semisolid with smooth consistency' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430119) * derives from 'liver' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107) liver paste https://madison.com/lifestyles/chicken-liver-paste-is-still-a-tasty-treat/article_2194b8cb-82b5-5112-9a97-0042571e90d1.html A hot dog is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. Damion Dooley hotdog frankfurter hot dog processed meat food product milk formula food product Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. SUBSET_SIREN:F1076 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese cheese cheese food product A dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cacik-1.jpg/549px-Cacik-1.jpg yoghourt yoghurt yougert The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as yogurt cultures. The fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tart flavor. yogurt food product This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage cabbage food product commercial yogurt wort food product beer wort food product acifified beer wort food product Cream component produced by churning and containing not less than 80% milkfat. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0179 mammalian milk butter pickled cabbage food product camembert cheese food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301348 obsolete: cane sugar true cheddar cheese food product Brie cheese food product gouda cheese food product gorgonzola cheese food product swiss cheese food product emmenthal cheese food product new zealand cheddar cheese food product pont ieveque cheese food product vacherin mont dor cheese food product A food product made from domestic pig meat (Sus domesticus or Sus scrofa scrofa). Damion Dooley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork pork pork meat food product cured meat food product chicken meat food product beef food product ice cream ice-cream ice cream food product A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. Some of the subclasses are currently freshwater organisms. Damion Dooley animal seafood product A fermented salty fish of Korean cuisine. obsolete: jeotgal food product true meshanger cheese food product pork chop food product A food product having tempeh as a defining ingredient Damion Dooley tempeh food product fermented rice beverage amasake food product fermented dairy food product fermented fish or seafood food product sea water fish food product A fine powder made from cereals or other starchy food sources. Damion Dooley Wikipedia:Flour http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0152 flour added flour food product A food product derived from plant fruit. plant fruit food product fruit extract food product Apple juice is a fruit juice made by the maceration and pressing of an apple. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1419 apple juice subset_siren apple juice awamori food product Any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly or back of a pig that may be cured and/or smoked. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon bacon food product fermented millet food product bantu beer millet beer food product bottled beer food product SUBSET_SIREN:F1128 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * derives from 'curd' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420245) * formed as a result of 'curing or aging process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460253) * formed as a result of 'interior mold curing process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460331) blue cheese food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blue_cheeses buttermilk food product fermented fruit food product A food produced by fermenting rice, barley and/or soybeans, with salt and the mold koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae). Damion Dooley SUBSET_SIREN:F1971 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'semisolid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430144) * has quality 'fully heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440014) * derives from 'seed, skin present, germ present' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420133) * formed as a result of 'fermentation/modification process, multiple component' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460128) * formed as a result of 'salted' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460173) * formed as a result of 'curing or aging process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460253) * formed as a result of 'preservation by fermentation' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03470104) miso food product A grape berry food product which is the juice of freshly pressed grapes that contains some amount of pulp, skins, stems, and seeds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must#Winemaking Grape pomace components typically comprises between 7 to 23 percent of the total weight of must. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must] grape must vinegar food product barley malt vinegar mammalian milk (nonfat, dry) Sake is a fermented rice beverage resulting from the fermentation of rice with the mold Aspergillus oryzae and, in parallel, with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [wikipedia:sake] sake food product salt pork meat food product A food product having fermented soyabeans as a defining ingredient fermented soybean food product A food preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. SUBSET_SIREN:F1302 SUBSET_SIREN:F16510 pickled subset_siren subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * formed as a result of 'pickling process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460190) food (pickled) tape kefan food product Bondon cheese food product bitter cheese food product sugar condiment kefir food product A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. Damion Dooley vegetable oil food product An oil used as a nutritional supplement and is a traditional European ethnic food, highly regarded for its nutty flavor. http://langual.org 2019-09-19T21:51:42Z http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0852 flax oil flax seed oil linseed oil linseed oil Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, in the absence of oxygen, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil.[wikipedia] flaxseed oil corn flour food product sour milk beverage dried milk food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. Damion Dooley vertebrate animal food product cereal grain food product Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-06-11T07:25:19Z SUBSET_SIREN:F5644 alcoholic beverage subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430130) * formed as a result of 'microbial/enzymatic modification process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460119) * formed as a result of 'curing or aging process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460253) fermented beverage fermented elaeis palm beverage fermented sugar cane beverage fermented apple fermented apple beverage apple beverage Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-06-20T07:47:47Z SUBSET_SIREN:F2385 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid, low viscosity' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430109) * formed as a result of 'acidified' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460200) * has substance added 'water addition process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460148) * has substance added 'sweetener added' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460202) * has substance added 'flavoring, spice or herb added' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460227) orange fruit beverage fermented grain beverage This food product type includes beverage products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave beverage This food product type includes food products which are made from eggs laid by the sea water fish. sea water fish egg food product A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product camelid dairy food product bovine dairy food product equine dairy food product zebra dairy food product cattle dairy food product camelid milk beverage equine milk beverage caprine cheese food product ovine cheese food product bovine cheese food product cow milk cheese A very strong smelling, soft cow's milk cheese made by fermentation involving the bacterium Brevibacterium linens. Limburger cheese food product goat milk cheese food product sheep milk cheese food product A food product made from domesticated bird meat. Damion Dooley poultry meat food product Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars. In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae porcine meat swine food product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment condiment condiment food product bovine meat food product distilled fermented grain beverage distilled fermented beverage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002265 obsolete: soya food product true A beverage product derived from leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Damion Dooley "While fermentation is also referred to in the production of brewed teas, this is inaccurate. Some herbal teas on the market today include probiotic cultures alongside tea leaves to maintain gut health but the tea itself hasn't been fermented. Most dried teas however don't use live cultures at all during production. Instead, harvested tea leaves undergo a natural chemical process known as oxidation, which also changes the color, flavor and level of health benefits in the resulting brew." [https://eatcultured.com/blogs/our-awesome-blog/fermented-tea] tea based beverage product coffee and coffee products coffee based beverage product fruit juice food product wheat food product A food product deriving primarily from corn (maize). Damion Dooley maize food product maize (corn) food product tuber solanaceous root food product A food product derived from or produced by a plant root. plant root food product A potato food product is any product derived from potatoes. Damion Dooley potato food product Food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well. confectionery food product cucurbit fruit food product A citrus fruit is botanically classified as a type of berry called a hesperidium that has a thick, leathery rind, with numerous oil glands, and a large flesh portion composed of several wedge-shaped sections. Unlike pome fruit, such as the apple, the citrus fruit is derived from a superior ovary, an ovary completely separate from the calyx. Damion Dooley https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hesperidium citrus citrus fruit food product The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. melon fruit food product muskmelon (Cucumis melo) fruit food product Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its fruit. The subdivision of this species into two varieties, watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) var. lanatus) and citron melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.) Damion Dooley citrullus lanatus fruit food product http://langual.org obsolete: watermelon plant true citrus fruit juice pomaceous fruit juice beverage pomes pomaceous fruit food product fermented pomaceous fruit beverage pomaceous fruit extract citrus fruit extract food product grape extract solanaceous fruit food product A food product deriving from one or more tomatoes. tomato food product solanaceous food product plant inflorescence food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001264 pulse obsolete: leguminous food product true cruciferous food product grape berry food product cruciferous inflorescence food product The default nut product is a whole, raw nut - meaning that the kernel is whole, and moderately or significantly dried, but not baked. Minimal references to nuts often leave ambiguous whether the shell is on or off. "I ate a peanut" doesn't clarify whether I ate a shell-off nut or whether I did the shelling. Damion Dooley SUBSET_SIREN:F16972 nut food product plant seed food product plant lipid food product plant stem food product invertebrate animal food product insect food product honey food product Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. prepared prepared food product Damion Dooley cooked food (cooked) pickled cruciferous food product bread food product This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F10419 subset_siren algal food product rice food product buckewheat food product sorghum food product misspelling http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002038 obsolete: milet food product true common oat food product oat food product rye food product barley food product quinoa food product fonio food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. Damion Dooley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume dry pea food product A product of the dry seeds of Lens culinaris. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001997 obsolete: lentil food product true A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume pigeon pea (whole, dried) A bambara groundnut food product is a product derived from fresh or dried beans of the bambara groundnut plant. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_subterranea Bambara nut Bambara-bean Congo goober earth pea ground-bean hog-peanut bambara groundnut food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Vicia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume dried fava bean broad bean (whole, dried) A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume garbanzo bean food product Bengal gram Egyptian pea gram chickpea food product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna unguiculata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume cowpea (pulse) food product A dry bean food product refers to a bean product made from a Phaseolus species plant whose seeds are harvested at complete maturity. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris kidney, haricot bean (Ph. vulgaris); lima, butter bean (Ph. lunatus); adzuki bean (Ph. angularis); mungo bean, golden, green gram (Ph. aureus); black gram, urd (Ph. mungo); scarlet runner bean (Ph. coccineus); rice bean (Ph. calcaratus); moth bean (Ph. aconitifolius); tepary bean (Ph. acutifolius) FAO notes: "Only species of Phaseolus should be included, though several countries also include certain types of beans. Commonly classified as Vigna (angularis, mungo, radiata, aconitifolia). In the past, these species were also classified as Phaseolus." dry bean food product http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 The winged bean food category covers beans of the winged bean plant Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean winged bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. vetch seed (whole, dried) Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jicama Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus Pachyrhizus in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. In contrast to the root, the remainder of the jícama plant is very poisonous; the seeds contain the toxin rotenone, which is used to poison insects and fish. FAO: The yam bean is a legume but unlike its close relatives the soybean and other beans, the yam bean is cultivated for its large, tuberous roots. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyrhizus_erosus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume yam bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume velvet bean (whole, dried) lupin seed food product A dry seed of the jack-bean plant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume jack bean (whole, dried) hyacinth bean food product PULSES are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. They are used for both food and feed. The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes. Damion Dooley http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 pulse pulses pulse food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume#Classification_of_pulses wheat flour food product pasta food product pastry food product A confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. Damion Dooley candy food product A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. cocoa and cocoa products cacao food product LANGUAL:C0195 sweet cream cream food product mammalian milk beverage bee food product sausage (cooked, smoked) sausage (smoked) sausage (raw, smoked) A sausage made from meats that have not been previously cured. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage SUBSET_SIREN:F1113 sausage (raw) A cured sausage that is fermented and dried. Damion Dooley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage sausage (dried, fermented) A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked. Damion Dooley sausage (cooked) smoked meat food product processed cheese food product A product made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). mustard seed food product creamy salad dressing vinaigrette dressing food product nut oil food product mayonnaise food product soy sauce food product processed pork meat food product A vegetable product such as leaves, flowers, seeds and roots that is rich in essential oils and aromatic principles. Used mainly a a condiment. Damion Dooley http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef10e.htm#1.01 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0151 herb and spice herb or spice spice or herb animal lipid food product A brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. Damion Dooley coffee beverage A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. Damion Dooley tea beverage (liquid) hot chocolate food product mate food product A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). Damion Dooley fish food product fish egg food product avian food product animal derived beverage plant derived beverage plant derived fermented beverage nonfermented plant derived beverage product A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. Damion Dooley http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0242 dairy product milk product dairy food product milk or milk based food product Are all fermented foods considered preserved to some extent? Damion Dooley food (fermented) non-fruit wine food product Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer beer beverage Any plant food product which, typically, is constituted by intact parts from one or more annual plants cultivated as field and garden crops in the open and under glass, and used almost exclusively for food. vegetable food product botanical fruit food product A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ legume http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411254 legume food product camel milk beverage zebra milk beverage Regarding American regulatory aspects of egg products, see this summary: https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/03/crazy-us-chicken-egg-regulation-graphic-000077 egg food product A hen egg food product is any food product consisting mainly of hen eggs or derivatives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_as_food SUBSET_SIREN:F1074 hen egg food product Cider, hard apple cider, or hard cider in the US, is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider cider apple cider (alcoholic) orange juice (unpasteurized) cake food product cake icing food product chocolate food product A food involving whipped and cooked milk, sugar and egg yolk mixtures. sweet custard custard dessert food product A ground beef product is made of beef that has been finely chopped with a knife or a meat grinder (American English) or mincing machine (British English). Ground beef is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti Bolognese. beef mince beef mince ground beef hamburger meat minced beef ground beef food product A food product from a category of domestic birds kept for meat, eggs, and feathers including fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and waterfowls such as domestic ducks and geese and other meat birds such as pigeons and doves and games birds including pheasants. Damion Dooley poultry food product duck meat food product goose meat food product A turkey meat food product is any food product made predominantly of turkey parts. Damion Dooley turkey meat food product Cantaloupe (also known as muskmelon (India and the United States), mushmelon, rockmelon (in Australian states and in New Zealand), sweet melon, spanspek (South Africa), or capuchin (Scotland) refers to a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Damion Dooley cantaloup muskmelon cantaloupe fruit food product potato salad food product A sauce for a salad. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing#Dressings salad dressing clam food product oyster food product shellfish food product goat milk cheese (unpasteurized) A family of hard Italian cheeses made from sheep milk. Damion Dooley pecorino cheese sheep milk cheese (unpasteurized) unpasteurized camel milk beverage apple condiment apple food product apple vinegar food product bakery food product barley flour food product A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. Note, this was previously labelled "Bean (vegetable) food product". We have been listing both dry and freshly harvested moist beans here, so have broadened the name scope. Damion Dooley bean food product https://oconto.extension.wisc.edu/files/2011/02/The-Importance-of-Dry-Beans-in-Your-Diet.pdf http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002428 http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 berry food product A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant. Damion Dooley broad bean food product cabbage juice food product cattle cured meat food product A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food product component cocoa beverage common bean food product cow milk based food product cow milk dessert cowpea vegetable food product dairy dessert food product fermented cereal beverage food flavoring or seasoning product linseed food product flaxseed food product food dressing product frozen dairy dessert frozen dairy food product fruit salad food product grain based vinegar food product A food product made from legumes that are considered vegetables, such as immature raw legume pods or seeds. Damion Dooley leguminous vegetable food product lupin lupine bean food product melon food product milk dessert food product millet food product mollusk food product mollusc food product mustard food product orange food product A product containing primarily immature ripe pigeon peas. Damion Dooley 2019-07-14T10:26:00 pigeon pea vegetable food product plant based bakery food product plant-based candy plant based refined or partially-refined food product plant based salad food product An edible plant fat or oil product with characteristics that consumers desire such as bland flavour and odour, clear appearance, light colour, stability to oxidation and suitability for frying, and which is the result of a refining process that removes free fatty acids. Damion Dooley plant fat or oil refined food product A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product. plant fruit as vegetable food product plant product dressing plant seed based bakery food product plant seed vegetable food product plant stem or spear vegetable food product plant sweetener Damion Dooley preserved food (preserved) organ meat product A prepared hen egg product is a product predominantly made of hen egg that has been cooked and may only require defrosting or reheating for consumption. Damion Dooley prepared hen egg product refined or partially-refined food product salad food product soft cheese food product soybean condiment soybean seed (field) food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002266 A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. Damion Dooley soy product soybean food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002265 steeped beverage product http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0202 sweetener food product pork cured meat food product tomato juice food product vegetable pickle food product wine or wine-like food product A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) Damion Dooley food product by meal type A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. Damion Dooley food product by organism Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance This class is the top of FOODON's main food product hierarchy which is described in the https://www.foodon.org website, and can be searched in lookup services like https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ food material agave food product multi-component honey product A class which contains food product categories qualified by a quality such as granularity or temperature, which is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process. Damion Dooley food product by quality baked baked food product food (baked) A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. Damion Dooley 2019-01-23T22:40:32Z multi-ingredient The definition of this is being discussed in issue: https://github.com/FoodOntology/foodon/issues/57 Namely, how to characterize the threshold of ingredients that make for multi-component classification? Salt, pepper, spices wouldn't normally make a food multi-component? multi-component food product requires discussion A preserved food, where the moisture levels in the food product have been reduced to low levels to improve shelf life. Damion Dooley https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-dehydration https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249 2019-05-23T19:53:09Z food (dessicated) food (dehydrated) A food product organized by the process which it results from. Damion Dooley 2019-05-23T23:02:07Z food product by process Damion Dooley 2019-06-14T04:23:35Z pork food product A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T09:18:41Z fats and oils oils and fats lipid food product A whole dried bean is a bean resulting from natural or mechanical air drying applied to a bean or bean pod. Damion Dooley 2019-06-29T14:48:10Z dried bean bean (whole, dried) http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). Damion Dooley's note. This could be enhanced to explicitly state the anatomical parts of a seed - seed coat, cotyledons, embryo etc. Currently the Plant Ontology is not explicit about this yet. Damion Dooley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-14T07:28:59 bean bean (whole) Cooked bean material is the bean material output of a cooking process applied to dry, rehydrated, or raw (fresh) beans. Damion Dooley 2019-07-08T21:47:07Z bean (cooked) A seed of a jack seed plant (Canavalia ensiformis). Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis 2019-07-09T22:17:36 jack bean jack bean (whole) Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T22:21:16Z jack-bean food product A pigeon pea food product is a food product derived from the pigeon pea plant Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T22:29:17Z pigeon pea food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea A seed of a pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea 2019-07-09T22:29:49 pigeon pea pigeon pea (whole) A seed of a velvet bean plant (Mucuna pruriens) Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuna_pruriens http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume 2019-07-10T00:00:22 tericopelo bean tericopelo bean velvet bean velvet bean (whole) Damion Dooley 2019-07-10T00:16:38Z vetch food product A seed of a vetch plant. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia 2019-07-10T01:33:15Z vetch seed vetch seed (whole) Damion Dooley 2019-07-12T17:18:31Z pea food product A liver food product is a food product that derives from one or more liver organs. Damion Dooley 2019-08-02T18:22:37Z liver food product A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. bok choy vegetable food product bomdong vegetable food product broccolini vegetable food product chinese cabbage vegetable food product choy sum vegetable food product collard greens vegetable food product gai lan vegetable food product komatsuna vegetable food product mizuna vegetable food product rutabaga vegetable food product savoy cabbage vegetable food product tatsoi vegetable food product cole crop vegetable food product cruciferous vegetable food product brassica food product 2020-09-06T15:59:54Z multi-component wheat food product A bean food product made from velvet bean. 2021-12-24T00:12:16Z velvet bean food product A food product deriving from one or more animals. 2022-09-01T16:31:09Z animal food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1073 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'crystal' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430143) * has quality 'fully heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440014) * derives from 'sugar' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420108) * formed as a result of 'water removal process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460138) * formed as a result of 'preservation by dehydration or drying' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03470116) sugar (granulated) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1103 SUBSET_SIREN:F11069 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid, low viscosity, with small particles' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430114) * derives from 'fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420229) orange juice A seed of a broad bean plant (Vicia faba). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1227 Windsor bean broad bean broadbean faba bean fava bean Horse bean field bean tic bean tick bean subset_siren broad bean (whole) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1444 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430130) * derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174) vegetable juice food product A bean substance is a substance made by processing seed from a bean plant. Damion Dooley's note: This class is intended to provide the most generic reference to bean, as it does not imply any more information about the state of a bean - whether it is whole or in fragments, or fragments of several beans, whether it is dry, raw, or cooked etc. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F1467 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'seed (anatomical part)' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420155) bean substance A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one. Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-09-12T00:00:00 beverage food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F2001 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'part of animal' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420164) animal-derived food http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F2082 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * derives from 'skeletal meat part, without bone or shell' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420125) * formed as a result of 'water removal process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460138) * formed as a result of 'preservation by dehydration or drying' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03470116) beef (dehydrated) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F3220 desert preparation dessert subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has substance added 'sugar or sugar syrup added' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460136) dessert food A cultured dairy product is a fermented dairy product in which a microbial starter was introduced to the fermentation process. http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F3909 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'milk (mammary secretion)' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913) * formed as a result of 'microbial/enzymatic modification process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460119) cultured dairy product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F4497 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'whole, natural shape' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430150) * derives from 'seed (anatomical part)' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420155) edible seed food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F5536 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430139) * has quality 'fully heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440014) * derives from 'sugar syrup or syrup solids' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420271) * has substance added 'honey added' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460149) honey blend table syrup http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F7345 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'crystal' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430143) * has quality 'fully heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440014) * derives from 'white sugar' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420157) sugar (refined) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F7539 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * formed as a result of 'water removal process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460138) * formed as a result of 'preservation by dehydration or drying' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03470116) food (dried) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F10006 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'seed (anatomical part)' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420155) * formed as a result of 'microbial/enzymatic modification process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460119) * formed as a result of 'curing or aging process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460253) fermented bean product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F10387 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430139) * derives from 'fat or oil' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420190) oil http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F11737 subset_siren processed food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F12053 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'divided or disintegrated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430122) * has quality 'fully heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440014) * derives from 'skeletal meat part, without bone, without skin' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420268) * formed as a result of 'microbial/enzymatic modification process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460119) * formed as a result of 'water removal process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460138) * formed as a result of 'preservation by dehydration or drying' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03470116) pork (dehydrated) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15150 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'milk (mammary secretion)' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913) mammalian milk product A fish product is a home-made or commercially produced or retail or wholesale product containing substantial amounts of freshwater or saltwater fish and/or shellfish flesh. Note that this category should avoid items that mention a particular species of fish or shellfish. Damion Dooley http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15173 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'skeletal meat part' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420175) fish product (unspecified species) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_products http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15302 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'seed, skin present, germ present' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420133) * formed as a result of 'microbial/enzymatic modification process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460119) * formed as a result of 'curing or aging process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460253) cocoa food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15552 juice subset_siren juice beverage A food product that is highly seasoned minced meat and is encased in a skin in the shape of a cylinder. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15904 sausage subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'whole, shape achieved by forming' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430147) * derives from 'meat part of animal' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420103) * has substance added 'flavoring, spice or herb added' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460227) sausage (whole) http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F15925 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * derives from 'meat part of animal' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420103) pate http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F16079 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430130) * has quality 'heat-treated' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03440022) * derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174) * formed as a result of 'steeping' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450036) herbal infusion http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F16271 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'sugar' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420108) sugar product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F16579 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'part of plant' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420174) multi-component plant food product http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F16694 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'fat or oil' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420190) vegetable fat food product A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F17170 subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * derives from 'animal body or body part' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420127) meat (whole or parts) Natural cheese, cured or uncured, cheese product (which is further processed), or cheese product analog. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0115 cheese or cheese product (us cfr) Fruit in all forms; includes fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0143 pie filling, fruit fruit or fruit product (us cfr) Food product having functional characteristics similar to milk or milk products, including cream product analogs, margarine, and milk analogs. Certain alternate ingredients are substituted for those components that are responsible for specific functional properties. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0147 milk or milk product analog (us cfr) Milk in all forms, milk-based beverage, cultured milk product, or milk or milk product analog. Index infant formula under *MEAL REPLACEMENT*. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0148 milk or milk product (us cfr) Semisolid or jelled food prepared from fruit or fruit juice and other ingredients prescribed for the individual products (21 CFR 150). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0155 fruit butter, jelly, preserve or related product (us cfr) Milk, a product derived from milk, or a dairy product analog; includes cheese and frozen dairy desserts. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0164 dairy product (us cfr) Cheese made from milk or milk components, such as cream, by the following process: (1) produce curd through coagulation of milk by bacterial action and/or enzymes and/or acidification and draining of whey. (2) For cured cheese only: cure the curd. Excludes products made through further processing, such as comminuting (see *CHEESE PRODUCT*). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0187 natural cheese (us cfr) Candy or other food product made with sweeteners and frequently containing nuts, fruits, starches, flavorings and other foods (21 CFR 170.3(n)(9). [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0188 confectionery (us cfr) Food product prepared by heating a mixture of sweeteners and other optional ingredients according to the specific formula for each subgroup. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0204 candy (us cfr) Jelled product made from one or more fruit juices and optional ingredients. Includes both fruit jelly, which may be sweetened with nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners, (21 CFR 150.140), and artificially sweetened fruit jelly (21 CFR 150.141). The finished fruit jelly must have a soluble solid content of no less than 65% and the ratio by weight of the fruit ingredient to sweetener in the starting mixture must be no less than 45:55. Artificially sweetened fruit jelly must contain no less than 55% fruit ingredient by weight. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0209 fruit jelly (us cfr) Soft candy prepared by boiling milk, sugar, salt and optional ingredients to the soft-ball stage (238 degrees F.). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0213 fudge (us cfr) Food product having functional characteristics similar to those of butter; it is in plastic form or liquid emulsion and contains not less than 80% fat whose origin is vegetable or rendered animal carcass fats or a mixture of these as well as other optional ingredients specified by 21 CFR 166.110. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0231 margarine (us cfr) Fruits and vegetables in all forms. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0257 fruit or vegetable product (us cfr) Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0289 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. USA agency food product type Candy prepared by cooking a mixture of water, sugars and optional ingredients to a temperature of 250 degrees F. or less. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0293 soft candy (us cfr) Food product having functional characteristics similar to a butter product; it may be nutritionally equivalent or inferior to the product it purports to resemble. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0294 butter substitute butter, imitation imitation butter butter product analog (us cfr) Renamed from *PRODUCT TYPE, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS* in LanguaL 2008. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0352 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. international agency food product type http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0356 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. European Union agency food product type An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0361 This class is designed to hold 3rd party food classification schemes which are being mapped to FoodOn classes using the 'has member' relation. The two hierarchies are not melded into a subclass polyhierarchy because of possible logical inconsistencies in the agency schemes. The hierarchies of agency schemes are as true to their agency representation as possible. agency food product type Codex Alimentarius, Volume 2 - 1993, Section 2: Pesticide Residues in Food. The Codex Classification of food and animal feed commodities moving in trade and the description of the various items and groups of food and animal feedstuffs included in the present document have been developed by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. It was first adopted by the 18th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, (1989). The Codex Classification includes food commodities and animal feedstuffs for which Codex maximum residue limits will not necessarily be established. The Classification is intended to be as complete a listing of food commodities in trade as possible, classified into groups on the basis of the commodity's similar potential for pesticide residues. The Classification may also be appropriate for other purposes such as setting maximum levels for other types of residues or for other contaminants in food. The Codex Classification should be consulted in order to obtain a precise description of the food or animal feed commodities and, especially, in cases where Codex maximum residue limits have been set for groups of food and groups of animal feedstuffs. The Codex Classification is intended to promote harmonization of the terms used to describe commodities which are subject to maximum residue limits and of the approach to grouping commodities with similar potential for residue for which a common group maximum residue limit can be set. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0643 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. Codex Alimentarius classification of food and feed commodities http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0644 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. a. primary food commodities of plant origin (ccpr) Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, commonly known by custom and tradition as "vegetables". In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as "field crops" or arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 2 Vegetables. Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing practices. Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0650 02 vegetables (ccpr) Pulses are derived from the mature seeds naturally or artificially dried, of leguminous plants known as beans (dry) and peas (dry). The seeds in the pods are protected from most pesticides applied during the growing season except pesticides which show a systemic action. The dried beans and peas however are often exposed to post-harvest treatments. The dry pulses are consumed after processing or household cooking. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0680 015 pulses (vd) (ccpr) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0777 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. eurofir food classification The group includes marine or freshwater fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and other fauna such as reptiles, insects or frogs not in the “Meats” group. The group also includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0801 seafood or related product (eurofir) includes fish offal; a food product whose predominant constituent is fish (e.g. dried and salted fish, smoked fish, canned fish, pickled fish, restructured fish and fish analogues, surimi; fish paste, pâté). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0803 seafood product (eurofir) Alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0840 beverage (non-milk) (eurofir) Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavoured, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices and vegetable juices. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0842 non alcoholic beverage (eurofir) Beverage prepared by extracting flavour and other components from food sources by percolation and/or immersion in water, usually at near-boiling temperature. The group includes coffee (e.g. instant coffee, coffee and chicory essence), tea, herbal tea (e.g. green tea, black tea, tisane), cocoa beverage and beverage powder. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0845 infusion steeped beverage LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *COFFEE, TEA, COCOA (EUROFIR)* (LanguaL 2010). coffee, tea, cocoa or infusion (eurofir) EFG group 32, Eurocode-2 group 12. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0852 LanguaL curation note: Use for foods and ingredients that could not fit into any of the above classes. miscellaneous food product (eurofir) This subgroup includes multicomponent meals, sauces, retail salads, desserts, soups, snacks and other foods where similarity of the product type is more significant than the source of the principal ingredient(s). http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0861 soup, sauce or miscellaneous food product prepared food product (eurofir) A liquid food made by simmering meat, poultry, seafood or vegetables, being clear or thickened to the consistency of a thin puree or having milk or cream added, and often containing pieces of solid food such as meat, shellfish, pasta or vegetables. Soup takes precedence over other food products. Examples are egg and lemon soup, oxtail soup, fish soup, rice soup, lentil soup, minestrone, cherry soup. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0865 soup (eurofir) The Global System 1 (GS1) Global Product Classification (GPC) is a system that gives buyers and sellers a common language for grouping products in the same way, everywhere in the world.$br/$ The GS1 GPC classification in facet A is currently updated based on June 2017 release of GS1 GPC Standard for Food/Beverage/Tobacco, except for codes pertaining to tobacco. See the GS1 site for details [https://www.gs1.org/standards/gpc]. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0874 GS1 Global Product Classification (GPC) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0960 50220000 - cereal/grain/pulse products (gs1 gpc) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A0969 50221200 - processed cereal products (gs1 gpc) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1061 50190000 - prepared/preserved foods (gs1 gpc) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1095 50192900 - pasta/noodles (gs1 gpc) Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=A1270 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=87f720ce0d0b6c4548f4bbfd1f8e4c3d&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21chapterI.tpl http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1009 polysaccharide-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1013 plant used for producing extract or concentrate http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1016 starch-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1048 carbohydrate-producing plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2344 amorphophallus konjac amorphophallus rivieri hydrosme rivieri leopard palm devils tongue plant http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B2637 amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac konjac plant A broad term that includes the nutritive sweeteners dextrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are simple carbohydrates with molecules composed of one or two saccharide units. Note that on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. Use the broad term *SUGAR* only if the specific sugar used is not known or not listed in the vocabulary. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0108 sugar Extract, concentrate or isolate high in sugar, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0152 carbohydrate extract, concentrate, or isolate Soft sugar whose crystals are covered by a film of refined dark syrup that imparts color, flavor, and moisture. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0156 brown sugar A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0228 Damion Dooley's note: Items in this branch will be merged into foodon food product branch. extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal The serum or watery part of milk that is separated from the thicker or more coagulable part or curd, espcially in the process of making cheese; it contains lactose, minerals and lactalbumin. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0244 whey mammalian milk whey The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant seeds (e.g. grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil) /AM http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0307 seed oil A liquid that flows very easily at room temperature. Examples are: water, apple juice, sherry, acidophilus milk, whipping cream and some heavy liqueurs. The range of low viscosity liquid spans sucrose solutions between 0 and 45% solids (viscosity range from 1 to 10 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0109 liquid, thin food (liquid, low viscosity) A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. http://langual.org SUBSET_SIREN:F5105 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0130 fluid SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'liquid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430130) food (liquid) http://langual.org http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83163 obsolete: molasses added true This disjunction is provided for food indexers who used the LanguaL category per guidelines. Currently, by specifying the more specific nut or seed as ingredient instead, this category can be inferred. nut or seed added http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0177 LanguaL curation note: With the exception of peanut (see *PEANUT OR PEANUT BUTTER ADDED*), used when a nut or seed ingredient is the second ingredient in order of predominance. plant seed or nut food product chocolate or cocoa added http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0231 LanguaL curation note: Used when chocolate or cocoa is added at any level or when chocolate is used as a coating. chocolate or cocoa A fat or oil derived from vegetable material Damion Dooley vegetable fat or oil added http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0263 This is a convenience class inherited from LanguaL vegetable fat or oil A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process system process generation of precursor metabolites and energy nitrogen compound metabolic process The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. excretion behavior feeding behavior A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process biological_process metabolic process biosynthetic process aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration cellular process methane metabolic process envoPolar methanogenesis energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds envoPolar photosynthesis energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds true ammonia oxidation envoPolar anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor envoPolar aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor envoPolar aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor envoPolar aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor envoPolar aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor envoPolar aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor aerobic electron transport chain electron transport chain respiratory electron transport chain Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. organismal physiological process single-multicellular organism process multicellular organismal process cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process eating behavior cellular alkane metabolic process alkane biosynthetic process aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor cellular metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process small molecule metabolic process cellular respiration organic substance metabolic process hydrocarbon biosynthetic process hydrocarbon metabolic process organic substance biosynthetic process A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. objective specification A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. action specification An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. information content entity 1 A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. scalar measurement datum An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. directive information entity A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. data set An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. image A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. plan specification A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. measurement datum An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. figure time stamped measurement datum A data set that is an aggregate of data recording some measurement at a number of time points. The time series data set is an ordered list of pairs of time measurement data and the corresponding measurement data acquired at that time. time sampled measurement data set GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root all Viruses Obtectomera Mytiloidea blue-green algae blue-green bacteria cyanophytes Cyanobacteriota Cyanophyceae Cyanophycota Cyanophyta Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria Oxyphotobacteria cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria Chroococcales Coccochloris Aphanothece Microcystis Micraloa aeruginosa Microcystis aeruginosa Oscillatoriales Plaxonema Oscillatoria Nostocales Nostocaceae Anabaena Oedaleus senegalensis Aphanizomenon Bathymodiolinae Teleostomi bony vertebrates Euteleostomi Amorphonostoc Nostoc Phormidium Trichodesmium Ecdysozoa Lophotrochozoa Bathymodiolus Oscillatoriophycideae junipers Juniperus charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group Streptophytina GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms biota Salicornioideae Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group Archelosauria Eleutherozoa Dipnotetrapodomorpha cypress Cupressus Boreotheria Boreoeutheria Acrogymnospermae Mesangiospermae Petrosaviidae Pentapetalae Cupressales Erebinae Cyanothrix Hapalosiphon Arecoideae Cocoeae Cocoseae Elaeidinae Terrabacteria group Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria group Chenopodiaceae Schizotrichaceae Microcystaceae Aphanothecaceae Microcoleae Microcoleaceae Oscillatoriaceae Aphanizomenonaceae Hapalosiphonaceae Gloeotrichiaceae Laguncularia Laguncularia racemosa Acrididea Pancrustacea mandibulates Mandibulata Umezakia eubacteria Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae Salicornia subgen. Amerocornia Archaea Hieroglyphus Oedalus Oedaleus Oxyinae Dictyothrix Schizothrix Ochrophyta Spiralia SAR supergroup Sar band-winged grasshoppers Locustinae Oedipodinae GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes Autobranchia Lyngbya Conifers II bacillariophytes diatoms Diatomea Diatomeae Diatomophyceae algae diatoms Bacillariophyta dinoflagellates dinophytes Chromophyta Dinoflagellata Dinophycidae Dinophyta Pyrrhophyta Pyrrophyta algae dinoflagellates Dinophyceae Pseudanabaenales Peridiniales Modiolinae Mytilinae Euarchontoglires Anthropoidea Simiiformes ape apes Hominoidea higher plants land plants plants land plants Embryophyta tetrapods Tetrapoda amniotes Amniota Theria Theria <mammals> diapsids Diapsida Sauria Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants Viridiplantae Coniferales Pinidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa Bilateria Protostomia Neoptera Orthopteroidea Polyneoptera Holometabola Endopterygota deuterostomes Deuterostomia alveolates Alveolata heterokonts Chromophyta Heterokonta Straminipila Stramenopiles cypress family Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants Magnoliopsida Centrospermae Caryophyllales Streptophyta Sarcocornia pacifica Salicornia pacifica Capparales Brassicales migratory bird locusts spur-throated grasshoppers spur-throated locusts Cyrtacanthacridinae Ditrysia Noctuoidea Haplorrhini Indian almond family Combretaceae horsemussels Modiolus Pfiesteriaceae Areciflorae Arecales mammals mammals Mammalia Glossata Neolepidoptera Heteroneura Avicennia black mangrove Avicennia nitida Bontia germinans Avicennia germinans Lamiales Acanthaceae Myrtanae Myrtales dinosaur dinosaurs Dinosauria Saurischia Theropoda Coelurosauria Chortoicetes Bataceae Batis Batis <eudicots> Batis maritima monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots Liliopsida Polycystis viridis Microcystis viridis Arthrocnemum Sarcocornia Salicornia Calyptra Palmae palm family palms Arecaceae Commelinidae Commeliniflorae commelinids GC_ID:1 PMID:11062127 PMID:12684019 fungi ncbi_taxonomy Mycota fungi NCBITaxon:4751 Fungi fungi fungi true insects insects Insecta Australian plague locust Epacromia terminifera Chortoicetes terminifera Elaeis African oil palm Elaeis guineensis Oscillatoria sect. Prolificae Planktothrix Coniferopsida Pinopsida vascular plants vascular plants Tracheophyta seed plants seed plants Spermatophyta Eumetazoa cnidarians coelenterates Coelenterata cnidarians Cnidaria anthozoans anthozoans Anthozoa Avicenniaceae Avicennioideae molluscs mollusks molluscs Mollusca bivalves Lamellibranchiata Pelecypoda bivalves Bivalvia Pteriomorpha Pteriomorphia Mytiloida Mytilida Mytilidae Mytilus arthropods arthropods Arthropoda Erebidae insects Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods Hexapoda Saltatoria grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids Orthoptera grasshoppers and locusts grasshoppers Caelifera short-horned grasshoppers Acrididae Locusta migratory locust Locusta migratoria Schistocerca desert locust Locusta gregaria Schistocerca gregaria butterflies and moths moths moths Lepidoptera Acridomorpha Pfiesteria Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots eudicotyledons Asteridae asterids Rosidae rosids Pterygota winged insects Pterygota <insects> echinoderms echinoderms Echinodermata Echinozoa Cylindrospermopsis holothurians sea cucumbers Holothurioidea sea cucumbers Holothuroidea chordates chordates Chordata Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> euphyllophytes Euphyllophyta Sarcopterygii sauropsids Sauropsida Archosauria Dicondylia Amphiesmenoptera birds avian birds Aves Panarthropoda Craniata Craniata <chordates> core eudicots core eudicotyledons Gunneridae malvids euasterids I lamiids Acridoidea Gloeotrichia eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria primate Primata primates Primates Catarrhini great apes Pongidae Hominidae humans Homo human Homo sapiens A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. processed material An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. environment control function A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time container container A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. device A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. velocity speed A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. colour relative color color A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together. fluorescence A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation. color pattern A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. direction A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. frequency A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced impenetrability toughness hardness A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force. intensity A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality shape A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's molecules being are aerially dispersed and perceived by an odorant receptor. odor A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. distribution pattern spatial pattern qualitative A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence amount A physical quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the size of the bearer's maximum displacement from the 'normal' position, when periodic motion is taking place. amplitude A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. sensitivity sensitivity toward A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. closure A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. rate A quality in which events occur in sequence. time An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. viability A speed which is relatively high. high speed fast speed increased speed A speed which is relatively low. slow slow speed decreased speed An age which is relatively high. old An age which is relatively low. young A color hue with low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers. blue An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths. whitish white A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. irregular spatial pattern A color quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking color. unpigmented colorless A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction from a higher to a lower point. down A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces east. left A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces west. right A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction from a lower to a higher point. up A frequency which is relatively high. high frequency frequent increased frequency A frequency which is relatively low. low frequency infrequent decreased frequency A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. firm impenetrable tough hard A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. ramified ramiform branched A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). spiral helical helicoid helicoidal helix-shaped coiled A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having parallel chains in undulate fashion on the border. curled A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. bowing curled curved A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. round rounded circular A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's once or in or a few unpredictable instances. sporadic A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation. uniform constant invariant A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a repeatable or predictable placement. regular spatial pattern A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. present in organism present A length quality which is relatively large. long increased length A length quality which is relatively small. short shortened stubby decreased length A size quality which is relatively high. big enlarged expanded great large increased size A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size A thickness which is relatively high. high thickness stout thickened thick increased thickness A thickness which is relatively low. low thickness slender thin decreased thickness A volume which is relatively high. high volume large volume increased volume A volume which is relatively low. low volume small volume decreased volume A width which is relatively small. narrow decreased width A width which is relatively large. broad wide wide/broad increased width A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. blocked closed A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording not completed blocked passage or view. closure incomplete A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. open A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two sides; two-sided. bilateral A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being overfilled. crowded A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being upright in position or posture. upright erect A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having mistakenly taken course, way, or passage; ill-routed. misrouted A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being stretched out and lying at full length along the ground. prostrate A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's involvement of only one part or side. unilateral A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being merged with another entity. fused fused to coalesced joined with merged with fused with A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. uninterrupted continuous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions. interrupted intermittent discontinuous A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing a surface free of roughness or irregularities. smooth A rate which is relatively low. slow rate decreased rate A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate increased rate A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. thickness A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. breadth width A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides. oblong A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical oval ovoid elliptic A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. brown An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. clear hyaline transparent A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sinuate margin and rippled surface. undulated undulating waved wavy rippled sinuate undulate A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). permeability A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porosity A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). porous permeable A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). impermeable A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porous A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. non-porous A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. density mass density A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's velocity multiplied by its mass. momentum A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of change of the bearer's velocity in either speed or direction. acceleration A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. efficiency A physical quality that exists by virtue of the rate of flow of the bearer across a given surface. flux A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elasticity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width. elongated A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. concentrated A concentration which relatively low. diluted A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. high concentration increased concentration A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. low concentration decreased concentration A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting density. dense An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elastic An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. inelastic A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the middle relative to another entity. medial to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the side relative to another entity. lateral lateral to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located more centrally than another entity. proximal to A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. linear A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of the letter Y. Y-shaped An odor quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking odour. odorless A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits variation or change. variable variant A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force. strength A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located further from a more centrally located entity. distal distal to A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality A physical quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation. electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. full-spectrum EM radiation quality A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. radiation reflective quality A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength. albedo A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. luminous flux An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to varying or changing. variability of a physical quality variability A temperature which is relatively high. high temperature hot increased temperature A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. period time duration A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. area A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. amorphous A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area. area density A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume. volumetric density A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting low opacity. translucent A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin filamentous extensions at its edge. filamentous A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having deeply undulating edges forming lobes. lobate A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. striated A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. structured A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. unstructured A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. angular velocity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air. buoyancy A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. dead A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. medium acidity An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions. acidic An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a low concentration of H+ ions. alkaline A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decomposition into component parts. decayed A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. attachment quality A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. wholeness A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's components no longer being in a single contiguous unit. fragmented fractured cracked hemorrhaged split torn broken A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate (CHEBI:3311). calcareous calcification calcified An attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking connection or association with another entity. detached detached from A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. sensitivity to oxygen A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. aerobic A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's independence on oxygen. anaerobic A depth which is relatively low. low depth shallow decreased depth A position which is relatively high. high position increased position A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction. sloped A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. compact compressed squashed dense condensed A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a ball (a sphere whose equatorial diameter is equal to the polar diameter). globular rotund spherical A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). functionality A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). functional A physical quality inhering in sound by virtue of the bearer's travelling speed in a given medium under specified conditions. sound speed A molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the bearer's disposition to dissolve in a liquid. solubility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. bendy flexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff stiffness inflexible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). having supernumerary functions having extra function A mass which is lower than normal or average. low mass small mass decreased mass A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. diffuse scattered distributed A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic. flow rate A pressure which is relatively low. low pressure decreased pressure A pressure which is relatively high. high pressure increased pressure A variability which is relatively low. low variability decreased variability A variability which is relatively high. high variability increased variability A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. conductivity A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's forming or resembling an arch. arched A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension. depth A depth quality which is relatively high. deep increased depth A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. protruding relational protruding quality protruding A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by, consisting of, or diversified with patches. patchy A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted in form. disfigured distorted deformed A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). dysfunction dysfunctional having decreased function lacks function of type low functionality partial functionality impaired decreased functionality A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). high functionality increased functionality A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. clumped clustered aggregated A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distributed or spread over a considerable extent. dispersed A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the front of an organism relative to another entity. preceding anterior to A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary into the surface or boundary of another entity. protruding into A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity. extruding from exits through exposed protruding out of An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle. circumference A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. alignment An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a proper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. aligned aligned to aligned with An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. misaligned unaligned with misaligned with A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. osmolarity A osmolarity which is relatively high. high osmolarity increased osmolarity A distribution which is relatively high. high distribution increased distribution A distribution which is relatively low. low distribution decreased distribution An efficiency which is relatively low. low efficiency decreased efficiency An efficiency which is relatively high. high efficiency increased efficiency An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having efficiency. efficient A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to exert an attractive or repulsive force on other entities. magnetism A magnetic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to exert magnitism. magnetic A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. elevation An elevation which is relatively high. high elevation elevated increased elevation An elevation which is relatively low. low elevation decreased elevation A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size 1-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. 2-D size 2-D extent A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size 3-D extent An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it. perimeter A perimeter which is relatively high. increased perimeter A perimeter which is relatively low. decreased perimeter An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. shedability A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed body parts. deciduous (generic) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed foliage. deciduous (plant) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to not shed any body part. non-deciduous (any body part) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to retain foliage. evergreen (plant) A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being between evergeen and deciduous. semi-deciduous(plant) A quality that inheres in an bearer by virtue of how that bearer interacts with radiation. radiation quality A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate. radioactivity activity (of a radionuclide) A radiation quality inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity. radioactive A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. thermal conduction heat conductivity A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity. electrical conductivity A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. granular A strength which is relatively low. weak decreased strength A thickness quality which lacks pattern. irregular thickness A density which is higher relative to the normal or average. high density increased mass density A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a shape resembling a dome. domed A density which is lower relative to the normal or average. low density decreased mass density A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located on left side of from the a another entity. left side of A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located on right side of a another entity. right side of A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. coiling A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting disturbance of its smoothness or regularity. ruffled A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wetness A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wet A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. dry A wetness quality that is relatively high. increased wetness A wetness quality that is relatively low. low wetness decreased wetness A flow that is relatively low. low flow decreased fluid flow A fluid flow that is relatively high. high flow increased fluid flow A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH acidity An acidity which is relatively high. high acidity increased acidity A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being entwined and difficult to unravel. tangled A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being situated at right angles to the horizon. vertical A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in the plane of the horizon. horizontal A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. concave A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. Includes spheres and oblate/prolate spheroids. sphericality spheroid A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. rod-like rod-shaped tubulate cylindrical A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of the letter U. horseshoe shaped horseshoe U-shaped A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. hydrophobicity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water. hydrophobic A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to having an affinity for water; it is readily absorbing or dissolving in water. hydrophilicity A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to having a strong affinity for water; tending to dissolve in, mix with, or be wetted by water. hydrophilic A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being divided into three branches. trifurcate tripartite A circumference which is relatively low. decreased circumference A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the south when it faces north. front A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces south. back A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one direction only. unidirectional A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two directions. bi-directional A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction approximating the shape of a circle. circling direction A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. movement quality A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape of features present on its surface or outer shell. surface feature shape A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being positioned on opposite sides on the same plane. opposite A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, a little inclining to be oblong. roundish obtuse A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits size variation or change. variability of size A variability of size which is relatively low. low variability of size decreased variability of size A variability of size which is relatively high. high variability of size increased variability of size A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts or projections being interlocked; for example, the fingers of two hands that are clasped. interdigitated A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having at least one salient angle on the margin. angulate angular A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's passing into solution. dissolved A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality An amount which is relatively low. decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism decreased reduced subnumerary decreased amount Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. concavity A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. 2-D projection cross-sectional 2-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. convex 3-D shape A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. concave 3-D shape A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. branchiness A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. structure, cavities A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a cone (a 3-D shape with a round cross section that tapers). cone-shaped conical An area which is relatively high. increased area An area which is relatively low. decreased area physical quality of a process A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. columnar A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's delimited by a surface with holes. fenestrated A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration. stratification A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a layered configuration. stratified A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. hollow A broken quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being separated into two contiguous wholes. broken into two pieces A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's penetrating or permeating another substance or area. infiltrating infiltrative A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the edge or boundary of a related entity. peripheral A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's structure resembling an irregular meshwork with cross-linking struts. trabecular A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. edibleness edibility A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being suitable for use as food. edible A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer not being suitable for use as food. inedible A density quality which lacks pattern. irregular density sloped downward To bent or hang downwards. sagging drooping An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning towards an additional entity. misaligned towards An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning away from an additional entity. misaligned away from A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles. straight A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. displaced A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. relational molecular quality molecular quality A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being small or narrow in circumference or width in proportion to length or height. gracile slender A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a scythe or sickle. falcate hooked scythe-shaped sickle-shaped unciform uncinate falciform A quality inhering in a bearer that is shaped in the form of a fan. fan-like fan-shaped An angular shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a single angle in its length giving the bearer the form of the letter V. V-shaped A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located far (not close to) in space in relation to another entity. distant from remote from far from A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position. velocity A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. volume flow rate volumetric flow rate fluid flow rate A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge. plate-like platelike A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed flattened Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. channeled creased grooved A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being partially upright in position or posture. semi upright semi erect A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 3-D shape edge shape A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located in a position equidistant from edges. centered A structural quality of the collection or massing of one physical object within another physical object. pooled accumulation An increased number of physical objects that are accumulated within another physical object usually as a result of a failure to break down or remove objects in a timely manner. accumulated increased accumulation An accumulation which is relative low. decreased accumulation A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located at the same continuous distance relative to another object. parallel to A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's underlying structure being capable of change. transient structure transient A cylindrical shape that is hollow. tube like tube-shaped tubulate tubular A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased process quality A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased process quality A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality Having a fringe or border of hairlike or fingerlike projections. fimbriated A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt Lamé curve superelliptic A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dome-shaped. tholiform A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the base of an organism relative to another entity. basal to A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the stalk of an organism relative to another entity. cauline to A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's upper parts die back to the rootstock at the end of the growing season. herbaceous A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's width being notably higher than its length. broad Recurrent and often more or less cyclic alteration. fluctuating A concave 3-D shape that inheres in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape that is wider at one end and narrow in the middle. anvil shaped anvil Flattened from above downward; below the normal level or the level of the surrounding parts. sunken Open to view or not covered by another entity. exposed A surface feature shape marked by large amounts of relief, often with multiple ridges and grooves in close association. Topographically complex. sculpted surface A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer touching another entity along a border or with a projecting part. abut abutting A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's position being displaced from a reference point. offset A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree of the bearer's highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. ornamentation A surface feature shape in which the bearer's surface is highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. ornamented A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located at the same level as another entity. level with A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer bring gradually worn away. eroding A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of some aspect of the bearer extending to the position of another entity. extends to A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increased rate of change of the position. increased velocity A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decreased rate of change of the position. decreased velocity Positional quality in which an entity is located outside of another entity. external to A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a slanting direction (neither perpendicular nor parallel) relative to another entity. oblique to A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being level or even with another surface. flush A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's similarity to the appearance of a funnel. funnel-shaped A variability quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having a variable number or count of an entity. variable number variability of count Shape quality inhering in a bearer expanding outward, or having parts expanding outward, from a center point. radiating A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer possessing an uninterrupted or unbroken connection or spatial distribution relative to the position of another entity. continuous with A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. disconnected A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. humidity An increase in humidity. humid increased humidity An decrease in humidity. decreased humidity The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids. combustibility An increase in combustibility. combustible increased combustibility A shape that ineres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's mass being distributed in a feather-like fashion. feather-shaped plumed plume-shaped A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an ornamental border consisting of short straight or twisted threads or strips hanging from cut or raveled edges or from a separate band. fringed A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of a bowl. bowl shaped A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average. normal object quality A position which is relatively normal or average normal position A pressure which is relatively normal or average normal pressure A size quality which is relatively normal or average normal size An area which is relatively normal or average normal area A depth quality which is relatively normal or average normal depth A volume which is relatively normal or average normal volume A width which is relatively normal or average normal width A speed which is relatively normal or average normal speed A velocity which is relatively normal or average normal velocity The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials, N, E, S, W. East and west are at right angles to north and south, with east being in the clockwise direction of rotation from north and west being directly opposite east. cardinal direction North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. north East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west. east South is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west. south West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east. west The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) rate of occurence A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. increased rate of occurrence A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. decreased rate of occurrence A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family. A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. group of organism organism collection May be of the same or different species. collection of organisms This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. ISBN:0878932739 It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. population of organisms A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. multispecies community ISBN:0865423504 envoPolar Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. ecological community A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. collection of organisms of the same species single-species collection of organisms A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". multi-species collection of organisms A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity A multi-species collection of organisms that consists of two or more microbes from at least two species. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-0078 multi-species collection of microbes An ecological community which is composed of co-existing populations of microbial organisms that interact, directly or indirectly, such that they impact one another's ecological fitness. A class for a collection of organisms considered "microbial" and an accompanying quality in PATO (e.g. "microscopic") would be useful to better axiomatise this class. See https://github.com/PopulationAndCommunityOntology/pco/issues/22 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.88 microbiota The definition of a microbial species is deeply debated, however, units of phylogenetic and functional diversity are recognised with respect to their varying roles in an ecosystem. In turn, there exist multiple operational definitions of microbial community, such as local, phenomenological, and indexical communities. This class seeks to capture microbial communities in a very broad sense, as collections of phylogenetically and functionally divergent microbial organisms co-existing, potentially interacting, and competing for niche space in the same ecosystem over a period of time in which their causal footprints overlap one another. microbial community A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) seedling (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679). cuticle (broad) PO_GIT:416 cut&#237cula (Spanish, exact) 植物クチクラ (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000022 The plant cuticle is produced in and secreted by epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of leaves (PO:0025034), stems (PO:0009047), fruits (PO:0009001), and other aerial plant structures. It has as parts an inner cuticle proper (PO:0025387) and an outer layer of epicuticular wax (PO:0025388). plant cuticle A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper cut&#237cula (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物クチクラ (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) branch epidermis (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0000112 Can occur on a stem or branch. shoot axis epidermis A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). PO_GIT:109 dermal tissue (exact) epidermal layer (exact) epidermides (exact, plural) epidermis (Spanish, exact) epidermises (exact, plural) portion of epidermal tissue (exact) 表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy multiseriate epidermis (related) PO:0005679 The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids. epidermis A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators epidermides (exact, plural) FNA:35df04e5-fde5-465e-b79e-ae7d5e1537bb epidermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo epidermises (exact, plural) FNA:0d1bd0e6-c039-4de3-a162-68299a2f342a 表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) foliage leaf epidermis (exact) phyllid epidermis (exact) 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006016 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf epidermis A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:curators epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). PO_GIT:111 epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006035 Often interrupted by stomatal complexes (PO:0002000) and other structures. The shoot system epidermis is different from the root epidermis (PO:0006036) in its origin, function and structure. shoot system epidermis A portion of epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). PO:0006037 PO_GIT:111 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy epiblem (related) rhizodermis (related) PO:0006036 The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure. root epidermis A portion of epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0080374913 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). GO:0005623 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. PO:cooperl A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). PO_GIT:150 PO_GIT:576 meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy tunica (related) PO:0009020 The cells of the meristem L1 layer divide in a strictly anticlinical fashion. meristem L1 layer A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal PMID:11283725 PMID:12221985 POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. CAROC:Brownsville2014 A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T02:32:53Z epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025157 phyllome epidermis A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-18T07:32:44Z PO_GIT:206 porci&#243n de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025161 Refers to organism substance (CARO:0000004) which is defined as: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. For plants, the word "body" refers to a whole plant, or part thereof. Includes substances such as latex, xylem sap, phloem sap, resin, mucilage, oil, cuticle, cutin, and sporopollenin. portion of plant substance A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant. CARO:0000004 POC:curators porci&#243n de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains. Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T02:53:37Z cutin matrix (broad) PO_GIT:416 クチン (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025385 Cutin is the insoluble, covalently cross-linked polymer that forms an electron dense layer over the epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of an aerial plant structure. cutin A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains. PMID:12467640 POC:curators クチン (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022). Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T02:57:22Z PO_GIT:416 cera cuticular (Spanish, exact) クチクラワックス (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025386 Also includes triterpenoids and minor secondary metabolites, such as sterols and flavonoids. May be embedded within or external to the layer of cutin of the cuticle proper. Phenotypically, wax is distinguished as the glaucous or whitish bloom on a part of a plant shoot system that corresponds to crystalloid epicuticular wax with light scattering capacity. cuticular wax A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022). PMID:12467640 PO_Ref:00010 cera cuticular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo クチクラワックス (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386). Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T03:06:02Z cuticle proper (broad) cutin matrix (broad) PO_GIT:416 cut&#237cula propia de la planta (Spanish, exact) 植物クチクラproper (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025387 plant cuticle proper A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386). PMID:12467640 POC:Laurel_Cooper cut&#237cula propia de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物クチクラproper (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044). Laurel_Cooper 2013-04-05T17:15:40Z GO:0048046 GO:0055044 PO_GIT:530 savia de la planta (Spanish, exact) 植物液 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025538 Plant sap should not be confused with latex, resins or plant cell cytoplasm. plant sap A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044). POC:Laurel_Cooper savia de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物液 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids. Laurel_Cooper 2014-04-10T09:51:14Z CHEBI:24913 CHEBI:26873 PO_GIT:587 pitch (exact) plant_anatomy oleoresin (related) PO:0025603 Plant resins are often produced by Gymnosperms but not restricted to those plants. In the conifers, plant resins are constitutively and inducibly produced through the secretory activity of resin cells (PO:0025604), and can be exuded through a resin canal (PO:0005665) to a site of injury or predator attack. plant resin A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids. PMID:11337413 POC:Laurel_Cooper A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 Chris Mungall http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. PNS pars peripherica systema nervosum periphericum peripheral nervous system Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone zone of skin An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. eye regio orbitalis vertebrate eye camera-type eye plus associated structures eyes orbital part of face orbital region camera-type eye An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum Sinnesorgan sensor sense organ Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. skin appendage epidermal appendage epidermal growth cutaneous appendage One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. feather Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. anatomical tube duct tube The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. head (volume) adult head cephalic area head An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. simple eye A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. vessel Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. wall wall of organ organ wall anatomical wall Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. anatomical unit body organ element organ A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ organ subunit A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. cardinal organ part regional part of organ organ part Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. part of nervous system regional part of nervous system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. skeletal system subdivision skeletal system part subdivision of skeletal system The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle neuron projection bundle A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). nucleus nervous system nucleus neuraxis nucleus neuronal nucleus nucleus of CNS nucleus of neuraxis neural nucleus anterior region of body Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. bowel intestinal tract intestine Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. anatomical ostium ostium anatomical orifice hilum orifice Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. cloacal chamber vent cloaca Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. cloaca embryonic cloaca The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females. urogenital sinus UGS fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis primitive urogenital sinus The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). regio oralis adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris mouth The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. oral fissure oral orifice mouth oral part of face oral opening A bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach disgorged through the mouth or nose that happens as a result of a vomit reflex. vomitus vomit Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. acqua amnii liquor amnii amniotic fluid A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance excretion excreta Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. pleural effusion A bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. oronasal discharge oronasal secretion Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. purulent exudate pus A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. portion of blood vertebrate blood whole blood blood Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. blood or blood analog circulating fluid haemolymphatic fluid Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo blastosphere blastula An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. fetus embryo late growth stage embryo late stage late embryo The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). digestive tract wall wall of digestive tract wall of gut wall of alimentary tract gut wall A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa mucosa A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. visceral brain limbic system The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system set of all muscles set of muscles of body vertebrate muscular system muskelsystem musculature of body A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion secretion of exocrine gland Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance organism substance Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space lumen space anatomical spaces anatomical space Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. immaterial physical anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part organism subdivision Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. anatomical cluster A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. extra-embryonic structure extraembryonic structures extraembryonic tissue extraembryonic structure Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. multi-tissue structures multi-tissue structure Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. epithelial tissue portion of epithelium epithelium Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. epithelium simplex cuboideum simple cuboidal epithelia simple cuboidal epithelium Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. columnar epithelium columnar epithlium epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium simple columnar epithelia simple columnar epithelium Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. heterogenous epithelium atypical epithelia atypical epithelium Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. cavitated organ cavitated compound organs cavitated compound organ Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium A semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. chymus chyme Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. chyle Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. mucus Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. intercellular fluid tissue fluid interstitial fluid Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. thorax anterior subdivision of trunk upper body upper trunk thoracic segment of trunk Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers germ layer Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. embryonic ectoderm ectoderm Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. entoderm endoderm The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mantle mesoderm Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium mouth primordium primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum mouth pit oral ectoderm oral pit stomodeum A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart cardium heart The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. encephalon suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain brain Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. camera-type eye lens eye lens lens lens crystallina crystalline lens lenses ocular lens lens of camera-type eye The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye tunica interna of eyeball Netzhaut retinas retina An organ that detects light. light-detecting organ visual apparatus eye Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. articulation joint articular joint joints skeletal joint Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. genital system genitalia Geschlechtsorgan animal reproductive system genital tract organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia reproductive system Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). gonada gonads gonad The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. epidermis skin vertebrate epidermis skin epidermis Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. apparatus respiratorius respiratory system Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium respiratory system Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut digestive system The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. excretory system systema urinaria systema urinarium urinary system urinary tract renal or urinary system renal/urinary system renal system Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. systema cardiovasculare circulatory system Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. fat fat tissue fatty tissue adipose bodyfat fatty depot adipose tissue A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles muscle system muscles musculature system musculature The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. neurological system nerve net systema nervosum nervous system The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. CNS systema nervosum centrale cerebrospinal axis neuraxis central nervous system An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. nerves peripheral nerve neural subtree nerve Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory subsystem sensory systems organa sensuum sensory organ system set of sense organs sensory system Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. praeenteron proenteron foregut The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. metenteron hindgut Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. bud future organ placode primordia rudiment primordium In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis neural tube Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head skin of head A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. torso zone of skin trunk skin trunk zone of skin zone of skin of torso zone of skin of trunk skin of trunk Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. pleural fluid Excretion that is the output of a kidney. urine Secretion produced by a sweat gland. skin exudate sweat Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. joint fluid synovial fluid Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. involuntary muscle non-striated muscle smooth muscle textus muscularis nonstriatus visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus smooth muscle tissue Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini intestinal mucosa An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall wall of bowel bowel wall wall of intestine Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. bowel epithelial tissue bowel epithelium epithelial tissue of bowel epithelial tissue of intestine epithelium of bowel epithelium of intestine intestine epithelial tissue villous epithelium intestine epithelium intestinal epithelium The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. posterior posterior end of organism anal region A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. CSF cerebral spinal fluid liquor cerebrospinalis spinal fluid cerebrospinal fluid A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. thoracic skin thorax skin thorax zone of skin zone of skin of thorax upper body skin skin of thorax An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. cingulum membri superioris girdle - pectoral cingulum membri superioris shoulder girdle upper limb girdle pectoral girdle pectoral region pectoral girdle region A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]. buccal lymphatic vessel face lymph vessel face lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of face lymphatic vessel of face FL facial lymphatic vessel PL pectoral lymphatic vessel Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. skeleton system set of all bones and joints Skelettsystem skeletal system head subdivision head region region of head subdivision of head A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). facia/facies visage face A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. lymph vessel vas lymphaticum lymphatic vessel Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. bone organ bone bones bone element A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. gut digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive canal gut tube digestive tract The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. musculus ciliarus Bowman`s muscles ciliaris musculus ciliaris ciliary muscle iris muscle iris muscle organ muscle organ of iris muscle of iris Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. muscle muscle organ Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. jaw jaw cartilage mandibular arch skeleton anterior splanchnocranium jaws mandibular arch oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton visceral arch 1 jaw skeleton Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. mandibular part of mouth lower part of mouth mandibular series lower jaw region The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. anterior chamber anterior chamber of eye camera anterior eye anterior chamber camera anterior bulbi camera anterior bulbi oculi camera oculi anterior anterior chamber of eyeball The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. tunica vasculosa of eyeball uvea uveal tract pars iridica retinae tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi vascular layer of eyeball uvea The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. anterior uvea irides irises iris The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. ocular ciliary body anterior uvea ciliary bodies corpus ciliare ciliary body Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. choroid choroid coat choroidea eye choroid posterior uvea chorioid choroidea optic choroid optic choroid A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. ciliary body epithelium epithelium of ciliary body ocular ciliary epithelium ciliary epithelium A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. aqueous humor aqueous humour humor aquosus aqueous humor of eyeball A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. portion of vitreous humor humor vitreous humor vitreus vitreous whole portion of vitreous humor humoral fluid ocular fluid vitreous fluid vitreous humour vitreous humor Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]. vitreous body The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]. camera postrema camera postrema bulbi oculi camera vitrea camera vitrea bulbi postremal chamber postremal chamber of eyeball vitreous chamber vitreous chamber of eyeball Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). anterior eye segment anterior segment eye anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye eye anterior segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum anterius bulbi oculi anterior segment of eyeball Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). eye posterior segment posterior eye segment posterior segment eye posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum posterius bulbi oculi posterior segment of eyeball A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. epithelial tissue of eye lens epithelial tissue of lens epithelium lentis epithelium of eye lens eye lens epithelial tissue eye lens epithelium lens epithelial tissue lens epithelium epithelium of lens A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. salivary gland secretion sailva normalis saliva atomaris saliva molecularis saliva Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]. sebum A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces. CP chorioid plexus plexus choroideus choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere plexus choroideus ventricular choroid plexus choroid plexus The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. FB prosencephalon forebrain Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. supratentorial region cerebrum endbrain telencephalon The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. DiE between brain interbrain mature diencephalon thalamencephalon betweenbrain diencephalon diencephalon A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. Hy preoptico-hypothalamic area preoptico-hypothalamic region hypothalamus hypothalamus An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. mammary gland milk milk The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma blood plasm portion of blood plasma blood plasma Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. fel gall bile A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. vascular element region of vascular tree organ vascular tree organ region vas sanguineum blood vessel Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. excreta faeces fecal material fecal matter piece of shit portion of excrement portion of faeces portion of fecal material portion of fecal matter portion of feces portionem cacas stool cow dung cow pat dung fewmet frass guano portion of dung portion of guano portion of scat scat spraint droppings excrement ordure spoor feces A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance neuronal grey matter substantia grisea gray mater grisea gray matter An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. vascular network vasculature Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. vertebrate dermis corium cutis dermis Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. hypoderm vertebrate hypodermis sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous tissue subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea hypodermis An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. visceral organ visceral organ system splanchnic tissue viscera visceral tissue viscus The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. axial skeleton post-cranial axial skeleton postcranial axial skeleton Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare appendicular skeleton The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. entire skin skin organ entire integument integument integumental organ pelt skin skin of body The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. cardiac septa heart septa heart septum septum of heart spiral septa cardiac septum Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. thoracolumbar region torso trunk region Rumpf trunk The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. photosensory system visual organ system visual system A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. panniculus adiposus fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue hypodermis fat layer panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae subcutaneous fat layer fatty layer of superficial fascia subcutaneous fat subcutaneous adipose tissue Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex haemolymphoid system hemolymphoid system The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis integumentum commune skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis the integument dermal system dermoid system skin tegument vertebrate integument integument Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head head vasculature vasculature of head A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso vasculature of trunk Vasculature that is part of the eye region. eye vascular network ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature vascular network of eye eye vasculature optic vasculature vasculature of eye Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. musculo-skeletal system musculoskeletal system Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint diarthrodial joints synovial joint hypothalamus periventricular zone zona periventricularis hypothalamicae periventricular zone of the hypothalamus periventricular zone of hypothalamus A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. lateral ventricle lateral ventricles telencephalic ventricle telencephalon lateral ventricle forebrain ventricle lateral ventricle of brain tectal ventricle telencephalic ventricles telencephalic vesicle telencephalic ventricle The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH]. ear wax earwax cerumen Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle. chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle choroid plexus choroid plexus of lateral ventricle A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. brain nucleus brain nuclei nucleus of brain Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. mesodermal cluster epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus somite A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. NC crista neuralis neural crest material neural crest Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. neural ectoderm neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm presumptive central nervous system ventral neurogenic region neurectoderm Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe connective tissue Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis muscle tissue Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. haematological system haemopoietic system organa haemopoietica Blutbildungssystem haematopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system hematopoietic system Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. lympha lymph Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. immune system Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa oral epithelium A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of choroid blood vessel of choroid coat blood vessel of choroidea blood vessel of posterior uvea choroid blood vessel choroid blood vessels choroid blood vessels set choroid coat blood vessel choroidea blood vessel posterior uvea blood vessel vasa sanguinea choroideae set of choroid blood vessels choroidal blood vessel The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]. lymphatic system lymphatic circulatory system lymphatic drainage system systema lymphoideum lymphoid system Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. calcium tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue mineralized bone tissue bone portion of bone tissue bone tissue An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of iris epithelium of iris epithelium pigmentosum (iris) epithelium pigmentosum iridis iris epithelial tissue iris epithelium pigmented epithelium of iris iris pigmented epithelium iris epithelium In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. gill One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. pharyngeal arches branchial arch arcus pharyngei visceral arch pharyngeal arch Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. ectodermal placode placode ectodermal cranial placode cranial placodes cranial placode Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity anatomical cavity Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain regional part of brain A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. septa septum The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. anterior neural plate pre-chordal neural plate Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. segmental plate unsegmented paraxial mesoderm PSM presumptive somite mesoderm somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm unsegmented mesenchyme presomitic mesoderm Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. ventral lateral plate mesoderm blood islands VBI caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island ventral blood island blood island A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. head mesenchyme head mesoderm prechordal plate The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. IM intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium intermediate mesoderm The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. chordamesoderm axial mesoderm Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic primordium eye anlage eye field optic field optic placodes eye primordium Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. eye cup eyecup ocular cup ophtalmic cup optic cup A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. lens placodes placoda lentis lens placode A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system neural plate The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm mesoderma paraxiale paraxial mesoderm anterior neural tube Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. LPM lateral mesoderm lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis lateral plate mesoderm Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. cardiac field fused heart primordium heart primordium Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. sclerotomes sclerotomus sclerotome Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. CNC cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population head NCC population crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest cranial neural crest Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. organ compound organ Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue mesenchyma mesenchyme Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). bones of cranium ossa cranii set of bones of cranium skull minus mandible upper part of skull calvarium epicranial plate skeletal system of head cranium Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. cranial skeleton skeletal system of head skull An organ involved in reproduction. genital organ reproductive system organ sex organ genitalia reproductive organ Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids. shell septum An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of lower jaw epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch epithelium of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw epithelial tissue lower jaw epithelium ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue ventral mandibular arch epithelium epithelium of lower jaw An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. foregut endoderm endoderm of foregut An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. hindgut endoderm endoderm of hindgut A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. lower jaw mandible lower jaw skeleton mandibles mandibular series skeleton of lower jaw A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. mesoderm blood islands mesenchyme blood island mesoderm blood island Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. mesenchyme of eye eye mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme mesenchyme of lower jaw A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. mucosa of oral opening mucosa of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral opening mucosa of organ of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral region mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth mucosa of subdivision of mouth mucous membrane of oral opening mucous membrane of oral part of face mucous membrane of oral region mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth oral opening mucosa oral opening mucosa of organ oral opening mucous membrane oral opening organ mucosa oral part of face mucosa oral part of face mucosa of organ oral part of face mucous membrane oral part of face organ mucosa oral region mucosa oral region mucosa of organ oral region mucous membrane oral region organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral opening organ mucosa of oral part of face organ mucosa of oral region organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth subdivision of mouth mucosa subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ subdivision of mouth mucous membrane subdivision of mouth organ mucosa mucosa of oral region A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae epithelium of mucosa An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of hindgut hindgut epithelial tissue hindgut epithelium epithelium of hindgut Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. ocular smooth muscle smooth muscle of eye An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. adipose tissue of dermis dermis fat tissue dermis fatty tissue fat tissue of dermis fatty tissue of dermis dermis adipose tissue A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). nerve of torso nerve of trunk torso nerve trunk nerve nerve of trunk region A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel of respiratory system lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymph vessel respiratory system lymphatic vessel A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ craniofacial bone head bone A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone bone of viscerocranium viscerocranium bone facial bone A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. bone of torso bone of trunk bone organ of torso bone organ of trunk torso bone torso bone organ trunk bone organ trunk bone A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head blood vessel blood vessel of adult head blood vessel of head head blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of heart cardiac blood vessel heart blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of brain brain blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball blood vessel of retina blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball inner layer of eyeball blood vessel retinal blood vessel tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel retina blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius blood vessel blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of iris iris blood vessel A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel trunk blood vessel A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. brain grey matter brain grey substance gray matter of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain brain gray matter A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head connective tissue adult head portion of connective tissue adult head textus connectivus connective tissue of adult head connective tissue of head head portion of connective tissue head textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of adult head portion of connective tissue of head textus connectivus of adult head textus connectivus of head head connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system respiratory system connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of dermis dermis portion of connective tissue dermis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of dermis textus connectivus of dermis dermis connective tissue A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus trunk connective tissue Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue neural tissue A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris mouth mucosa A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. nerve of thorax thoracic segment nerve thorax nerve upper body nerve nerve of thoracic segment A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. bone of thorax bone organ of thorax thorax bone thorax bone organ upper body bone thoracic segment bone Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ respiratory system muscle A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel upper body blood vessel thoracic segment blood vessel A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus upper body connective tissue thoracic segment connective tissue A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest rhombomere neural crest rhombencephalon neural crest Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. gonada mesenchyme mesenchyme of gonad mesenchyme of gonada gonad mesenchyme The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. choroid plexus epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of choroid plexus epithelium of choroid plexus choroid plexus epithelium Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. epithelial or endothelial tube epithelial tube An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium alimentary tract epithelium digestive tract epithelium The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses. brain ventricle/choroid plexus A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale dermatome One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. brain ventricles cerebral ventricle region of ventricular system of brain brain ventricle The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. content of orbital part of eye eye region orbital part of face ocular and peri-ocular region ocular region orbital content orbital part of eye orbital region 2 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. foramen foramina opening ostia ostium anatomical conduit A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. iris blood vessels iris vascular network iris vasculature vascular network of iris vasculature of iris An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. mesodermal derivative mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. urogenital system GU tract UG tract Urogenitalsystem genito-urinary system genitourinary tract urogenital tract genitourinary system The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. evagination eye vesicle ocular vesicle optic vesicles optic vesicle The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. myocardial plate cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment cardiogenic plate A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. first heart field primary heart field FHF PHF heart field primary heart field An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube heart tube A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. chamber of heart heart chamber cardiac chamber Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic organ hematopoietic system organ organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ lymph organ lymphoid organ hemopoietic organ A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. endodermal gut gut endoderm endodermal part of digestive tract A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. bowel involuntary muscle bowel non-striated muscle bowel smooth muscle bowel smooth muscle tissue intestine involuntary muscle intestine non-striated muscle intestine smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bowel involuntary muscle of intestine non-striated muscle of bowel non-striated muscle of intestine smooth muscle of bowel smooth muscle of intestine smooth muscle tissue of bowel smooth muscle tissue of intestine intestinal muscularis intestinal smooth muscle intestine smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. respiratory smooth muscle smooth muscle of respiratory system airway smooth muscle airway smooth muscle cell respiratory system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. anal part of perineum involuntary muscle anal part of perineum non-striated muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue anal region involuntary muscle anal region non-striated muscle anal region smooth muscle tissue anal triangle involuntary muscle anal triangle non-striated muscle anal triangle smooth muscle anal triangle smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum involuntary muscle of anal region involuntary muscle of anal triangle non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum non-striated muscle of anal region non-striated muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle of anal part of perineum smooth muscle of anal region smooth muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue of anal region smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle anal region smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. involuntary muscle of lymph vessel involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel lymph vessel involuntary muscle lymph vessel non-striated muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lymph vessel non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle of lymph vessel smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. involuntary muscle of iris iridial smooth muscle iris involuntary muscle iris non-striated muscle iris smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of iris smooth muscle of iris smooth muscle tissue of iris iris smooth muscle Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue blood vessel smooth muscle Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. integumental system muscle muscle of integumental system muscle organ of skin skin muscle organ skin muscle A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium A muscle that is part of the eye region. eye muscle Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. set of all bones set of bones of body skeleton The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. dermamyotome dermomyotomes dermomyotome A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. heart cone rudimentary heart heart rudiment A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. 1st pharyngeal arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch mandibular arch visceral arch 1 1st arch 1st visceral arch arcus pharyngeus primus pharyngeal arch 1 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. sense organ system entire sense organ system Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis set of muscles of thorax thoracic musculature musculature of thorax A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. muscle group of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle muscles pectoral girdle musculature set of muscles of pectoral girdle musculature of pectoral girdle Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei set of facial muscles set of muscles of face musculature of face Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. muscle group of trunk set of muscles of trunk muscular system of trunk musculature of trunk A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. muscular organ vasculature vasculature of muscle organ A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. vasculature of musculoskeletal system A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. anatomical process process processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves anatomical protrusion protrusion spine anatomical projection Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem cardiovascular system A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. lymphatic trunks and ducts lymphatic vasculature lymphatic vessel network lymphatic vessels set set of lymphatic vessels trunci et ductus lymphatici lymph vessels lymph vasculature A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. blood vascular network set of blood vessels blood system blood vessel system blood vessels blood vasculature The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. embryo plus adnexa conceptus A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). neural tube metameric segment neural tube segment neuromere neuromeres neural metamere neural segment neuromere Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. neuromere segmental subdivision of nervous system Organism at the gastrula stage. gastrula embryo blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ gastrula A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. skeletal tissue Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. dermal element dermal skeletal element Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. skeletal element A bone that is part of a cranium. cranium bone cranial bone Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. lower jaw bone bone of lower jaw Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. joint system set of all joints of body set of all joints set of joints of body articular system The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. apparatus respiratorius mucosa apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane mucosa of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory system mucosa of respiratory system mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory system respiratory system mucosa of organ respiratory system mucous membrane laryngeal mucous membrane respiratory mucosa respiratory tract mucosa respiratory system mucosa A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut gastrointestinal system mucosa Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. blood vessel layer An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue gastrointestinal system epithelium A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. retina vasculature retina vasculature of camera-type eye retinal blood vessels retinal blood vessels set retinal vasculature set of blood vessels of retina set of retinal blood vessels vasa sanguinea retinae vasculature of retina Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. visceral mesoderm inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra. UGE epithelium of urogenital sinus urogenital sinus epithelium Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. joint articulation A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. ectodermal gut gut ectoderm ectodermal part of digestive tract An epithelium surrounding a gonad. gonad epithelium gonadal epithelium gonadal sheath epithelium of gonad A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. alimentary system subdivision intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system subdivision of digestive tract A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. organ component layer An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. immune system organ immune organ The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. neural groove One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. medullary fold neural fold A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. neural tube rod neural rod An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. epithelial placode ectodermal placode Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. musculus muscle muscle element muscle structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. reproductive system element reproductive system structure reproductive structure An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. epithelial fold A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure cell part cluster multi cell part structure An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. trunk organ trunk region element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. thoracic cavity organ thoracic cavity element An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. upper body organ thoracic segment organ Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. cephalic mesenchyme cranial mesenchyme desmocranium head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. trunk and cervical mesenchyme trunk mesenchyme A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]. CNS ventricular system ventricular system ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle system ventriculi cerebri ventricular system of central nervous system brain ventricular system ventricular system of brain A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]. tela chorioidea tela choroidea Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. tela chorioidea of lateral ventricle tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea (ventriculi lateralis) tela choroidea of lateral ventricle tela choroidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. extra-embryonic tissue extraembryonic tissue A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. ventricular layer region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle of nervous system An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. light-sensitive tissue photoreceptor array A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. lens transparent eye structure The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. GI tract alimentary system alimentary tract gastro-intestinal system gastroenterological system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract alimentary part of gastrointestinal system developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle immature lens lens mass presumptive lens lens vesicle Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. primitive heart tube early primitive heart tube primitive heart tube Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. future gonad gonadal primordium primitive gonad undifferentiated gonad immature gonad gonad primordium A somite that is part of a trunk. trunk somite A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part. plexus vasculosus vascular plexus An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. anterior chamber epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. lens vesicle epithelium Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. foramen bone foramen An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. acellular membrane An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. mesenchyme condensation developing mesenchymal condensation The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis mandibular prominence Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium endo-epithelium Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. skeleton axiale axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton The laminar structure of the heart. heart layer Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. coronary vessel Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. body hair or bristle adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage integumentary adnexa The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. oral membrane oral plate oropharyngeal membrane pharyngeal membrane buccopharyngeal membrane The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon. presumptive diencephalon future diencephalon The embryonic precursor of the brain. brain rudiment presumptive brain encephalon embryonic brain future brain A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon prosencephalon future forebrain An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. mouth-foregut junction Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. prosencephalic vesicle preevaginated forebrain vesicle forebrain ventricle forebrain vesicle prosencephalic ventricle early prosencephalic vesicle A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. eye chamber eyeball chamber chamber of eye chamber of eyeball Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. ocular refractive media Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid body fluid bodily fluid A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. lactiferous gland fluid lactiferous gland secretion mammary gland fluid mammary gland secreted fluid mammary gland secretion secretion of mammary gland mammary gland fluid/secretion A tube that is part of a excretory system. excretory tube An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. lymphatic system lymphatic tree system lymporeticular system lymphatic part of lymphoid system The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. anterior part of foregut pharyngeal tube pharynx A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus. nucleus of hypothalamus hypothalamic nucleus A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon. diencephalic nucleus Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. presumptive endoderm future blood presumptive blood Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. presumptive mesoderm A rigid covering that envelops an object. shell A vasculature that is part of a organ. organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ vasculature of organ A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm cranial mesoderm head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. mesenchyme of mandibular process mesenchyme of mandibular prominence mandibular process mesenchyme The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. vascular cord The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. cardiogenic splanchnopleure cardiac mesoderm cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut embryonic digestive tube primordial digestive tube primordial gut presumptive gut Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. mandibular neural crest A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. dorsal tube heart adult heart primary circulatory organ A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. meconium An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. presumptive central nervous system neural keel Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest head neural crest derived mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head neural crest ventral pharyngeal arch 1 ventral mandibular arch ventral visceral arch 1 1st arch mandibular component Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. cluster of neural nuclei neural nuclei nuclear complex nuclear complex of neuraxis A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. presumptive segmental plates presumptive segmental plate A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm presumptive neural plate The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. future paraxial mesenchyme future paraxial mesoderm presumptive paraxial mesoderm The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. epithelial tube open at both ends A closed epithelium with a lumen. epithelial vesicle Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. dense mesenchyme tissue Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. migrating mesenchyme population Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. eye pigment epithelium pigment epithelium of eye 2 An anatomical structure that connects two structures. junction anatomical junction anatomical junction Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. field developmental field future organ organ field anlage A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. baculum os penis/os clitoris bone of reproductive organ Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. plasma ultrafiltrate transudate Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid secretion of serous gland Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. vascular system The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck head or neck craniocervical region An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). girdle girdle region fin girdle fin girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region appendage girdle region A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. girdle bone girdle bone/zone A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. bone of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle bone A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. skeletal parts of pectoral girdle skeleton of pectoral girdle cingulum pectorale pectoral girdle scapular girdle pectoral girdle skeleton A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. head or neck bone cranial bone bone of craniocervical region A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. girdle joint joint of girdle Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. head or neck muscle head muscles head or neck muscle craniocervical region musculature A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. embryonic pharyngeal complex pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal system pharyngeal arch complex pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal complex pharyngeal arch system A head that is part of a embryo. embryonic head A brain that develops_from a neural tube. vertebrate brain neural tube derived brain System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. brain vasculature cerebrovascular system intracerebral vasculature vasculature of brain Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. entire embryonic mesenchyme pharyngeal region pharyngeal region of foregut The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. arm pit armpit axillary region regio axillaris armpits axilla axillae axillary region oxter underarm axilla An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. hindgut associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of hindgut An endoderm that is part of a anal region. anal membrane endodermal component region of trunk trunk subdivision subdivision of trunk Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component mandibular component mesenchyme mandibular mesenchyme 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain. forebrain neural plate trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesoderm A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. telencephalic nucleus early telencephalic vesicle early telencephalic ventricle early telencephalic vesicle The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. heart mesenchyme cardiac mesenchyme An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. cloacal epithelium embryonic cloacal epithelium ALPM anterior lateral plate mesoderm Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face facial mesenchyme optic neural crest An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. open anatomical space An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. cuboidal epithelium Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. future dermis A roughly circular bulge in a surface. protuberance A nuclear complex which in mammals consists of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus[WP,modified]. thalamic complex The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. bulbus oculi eye globe eyeball eye globe eyeball of camera-type eye Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. extra-embryonic epithelium extraembryonic epithelium Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. future eye immature eye An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. structure with developmental contribution from neural crest germ layer / neural crest A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. eye skeleton ocular skeleton skeletal element of orbital region skeletal element of eye region Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. cranial skeleton osteocranium cranium cranial skeletal system Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares set of ciliary processes ciliary process processus ciliares ciliary processes An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin limb appendage girdle complex Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. pectoral appendage/girdle complex pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin upper limb upper limb and pectoral girdle upper limb and shoulder pectoral complex The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. skeleton of girdle girdle skeleton A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone bone of appendage girdle complex A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. wing bone bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle forelimb bone bone of pectoral complex Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) subdivision of skeleton A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. joint of shoulder girdle pectoral girdle joint synovial joint of pectoral girdle Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. solid joint nonsynovial joint Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system post-cranial axial skeletal system postcranial axial skeletal system Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. facial skeleton facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium facial skeleton The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. skull subdivision subdivision of skull primary subdivision of skull A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer central nervous system cell part cluster A subdivision of an anatomical system. organ system subdivision intrinsic muscle of eyeball intrinsic ocular muscle intra-ocular muscle Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. appendicular skeletal system basal cell layer of skin outer epithelium of body embryonic skin basal layer A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon gray matter of telencephalon A blood vasculature that is part of a head. cranial blood vessel set of blood vessels of head cranial blood vessels cranial blood vasculature A lymph vasculature that is part of a head. cranial lymph vessel cranial lymphatics set of lymphatic vessels of head cranial lymph vessels set of cranial lymphatic vessels cranial lymph vasculature Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). cell condensation A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. jaw region An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. oral epithelium from ectoderm A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. axial subdivision of organism body segment main body segment subdivision of organism along main body axis A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. conceptus cardiovascular system embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system embryonic cardiovascular system A nerve that is part of a head. cephalic nerve head nerve nerve of head region Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. non-neurogenic ectodermal placode Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular connective tissue Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) dense irregular connective tissue Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. dense connective tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus loose connective tissue collection of collagen fibrils The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. bone collagen fibril Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. Haller tunica vascula anterior part of uveal tract anterior uveal tract anterior vascular layer of the eyeball anterior vascular tunic of the eye tunica vasculosa bulbosa ventral uveal tract ciliary body and iris vasculosa oculi anterior uvea A substance that is consumed by the organism for food. ingested food A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. head or neck skin An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. columnar epithelium Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium meso-epithelium One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. embryonic facial process facial primordium primordium of face embryonic facial prominence A bone element that is part of a jaw region. jaw bone bone of jaw internal anal region The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. cloacal opening cloacal orifice vent cloacal vent extraembryonic cavities extraembryonic cavity The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. bones of upper limb ossa membri superioris pectoral complex skeleton set of bones of upper limb skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle upper limb skeleton skeleton of pectoral complex A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. cloaca mucosa cloaca mucosa of organ cloaca mucous membrane cloaca organ mucosa cloacal mucous membrane mucosa of cloaca mucosa of organ of cloaca mucous membrane of cloaca organ mucosa of cloaca cloacal mucosa An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. cloacal endoderm cloacal epithelium early brain vesicle primitive brain vesicle primary brain vesicle secondary brain vesicle brain vesicle future brain vesicle subdivision of tube Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. foramen of skull cranial conduit cranial foramen foramina of the skull foramen of skull 2 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. foramen space anatomical conduit space A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. main body axis The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. body whole body body proper Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. skin projection integumentary projection An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. layer of skin skin layer integumentary system layer Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. digestive organ digestive system organ digestive system element Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. presumptive telencephalon future telencephalon Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived mesenchyme neural crest mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from neural crest Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton thoracic skeleton A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. anal membrane ectodermal component A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain. forebrain segment segment of forebrain forebrain neuromere future prosencephalon prosomere Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. cloacal muscle Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. muscles of upper limb musculature of upper limb musculi membri superioris set of muscles of upper limb upper limb musculature musculature of pectoral complex A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. primordial vasculature An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. non-connected functional system Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. lateral structure A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel cardiac structure circulatory organ A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. respiratory system basement membrane heart/pericardium heart plus pericardium A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. axillary skin skin of axilla axilla skin A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. eye epithelium An epithelium that is part of a foregut. foregut epithelium Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. future CNS presumptive central nervous system future central nervous system Primordium that develops into the nervous system. presumptive nervous system future nervous system The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component entire extraembryonic component An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. transitional anatomical structure A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. developing mesenchymal structure An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. cardiac vasculature heart vasculature genital mucosa reproductive system mucosa Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. skin epithelium The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. chorioretina choroid and retina retinachoroid retinachoroidal region chorioretinal region gray matter of forebrain gray matter of diencephalon sensory organ epithelium A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. morphological feature The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. prechordal mesenchyme prechordal mesoderm An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. anatomical cluster multi organ part structure Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. disconnected anatomical group A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. anatomical collection A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. external soft tissue zone organ sector organ zonal region organ zone organ region with floating fiat boundary zone of organ Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. jaw mesenchyme jaw epithelium The primordial mouth region of the developing head. primitive mouth primordial mouth future mouth blood vessel wall vascular wall wall of blood vessel A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees. honey A bodily fluid consisting of the contents of the digestive tract expulsed through the anterior portion of the digestive tract. regurgitate regurgitated substance An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. cardiopharyngeal field Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. anatomical surface region A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid serous sac fluid secretion of serous membrane cranial orifice skull orifice orifice of skull vasculature of central nervous system plus retina vasculature of central nervous system wall of lateral ventricle wall of ventricular system of brain eyeball wall wall of eyeball Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. cardiac wall wall of heart A zone of skin that is part of the face. face skin facial skin skin of face An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. digestive tract junction Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. head external integument structure Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. body external integument structure Blood vessels in respiratory skin. vasculature of respiratory integument Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. skeletal element projection An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. junction of intestine intestinal junction An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excretory system A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. skin of clavicle region 2019-03-05T17:25:21Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310 Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:51:32Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:52:41Z Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309 Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:54:35Z Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308 Simpson Desert Region 2019-03-05T17:56:13Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307 Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:10:52Z Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301 Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:12:28Z Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302 Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:15:11Z Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303 Gibson Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:17:15Z Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304 The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:24:06Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305 Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:26:16Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306 Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:01:41Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:02:37Z Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322 Succulent Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:07:38Z WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:11:38Z WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:13:00Z WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:15:07Z Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318 Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:18:55Z WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:20:56Z WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:24:28Z Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315 Namib Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:26:15Z WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 Nama Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:28:43Z WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:30:23Z WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:31:29Z WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:39:32Z WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:42:47Z WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:44:54Z WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:46:58Z Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307 Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:54:57Z WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:08:06Z WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:11:29Z WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:13:33Z WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:16:12Z WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:18:09Z WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:38:50Z Indo-Malay Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:40:13Z WWF:IM1304 Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan Thar Desert 2019-04-27T00:12:51Z WWF:IM1303 Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:47:18Z envoAtmo envoPolar Arctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:48:44Z envoAtmo envoPolar Antarctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. 2020-05-19T22:27:44Z Solar radiation third planet from the Sun in the Solar System Earth third planet from the Sun in the Solar System https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2 "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." Jalca Suni "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni_(geography) Sun Sol Earth's interconnected water system World Ocean Earth's interconnected water system https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715269 true MF(X)-directly_regulates->MF(Y)-enabled_by->GP(Z) => MF(Y)-has_input->GP(Y) e.g. if 'protein kinase activity'(X) directly_regulates 'protein binding activity (Y)and this is enabled by GP(Z) then X has_input Z infer input from direct reg GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-has_part->MF(Z) => GP(X) enables MF(Z), e.g. if GP X enables ATPase coupled transporter activity' and 'ATPase coupled transporter activity' has_part 'ATPase activity' then GP(X) enables 'ATPase activity' enabling an MF enables its parts true GP(X)-enables->MF(Y)-part_of->BP(Z) => GP(X) involved_in BP(Z) e.g. if X enables 'protein kinase activity' and Y 'part of' 'signal tranduction' then X involved in 'signal transduction' involved in BP If a molecular function (X) has a regulatory subfunction, then any gene product which is an input to that subfunction has an activity that directly_regulates X. Note: this is intended for cases where the regaultory subfunction is protein binding, so it could be tightened with an additional clause to specify this. inferring direct reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct neg reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction inferring direct positive reg edge from input to regulatory subfunction effector input is compound function input Input of effector is input of its parent MF if effector directly regulates X, its parent MF directly regulates X if effector directly positively regulates X, its parent MF directly positively regulates X if effector directly negatively regulates X, its parent MF directly negatively regulates X 'causally downstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties). 'causally upstream of' and 'overlaps' should be disjoint properties (a SWRL rule is required because these are non-simple properties).