format-version: 1.2 ontology: http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/2.3/realm.owl property_value: owl:versionInfo "2.3" xsd:string name: SWEET Ontology default-namespace: sweet [Term] id: 1D name: 1D is_a: Representation [Term] id: 2D name: 2D is_a: Representation [Term] id: 3D name: 3D is_a: Representation [Term] id: A name: A comment: The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET). is_a: ClimateClassification equivalent_to: TropicalClimate [Term] id: ANOVA name: ANOVA equivalent_to: AnalysisOfVariance [Term] id: Aa name: Aa comment: One of three basic types of flow lava. Aa is basaltic lava characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinker. [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: Lava [Term] id: Ablation name: Ablation name: Ablation comment: all processes that remove material from an object, such as a glacier is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: AblationZone name: AblationZone is_a: GlacialRegion [Term] id: Abrasion name: Abrasion is_a: Force is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: AbsoluteInstability name: AbsoluteInstability name: Absolute Instability comment: state of a layer of atmosphere when it has superadiabatic lapse rate of temperature is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: AbsorbedSolarRadiation name: AbsorbedSolarRadiation name: Absorbed Solar Radiation comment: Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere's constituent gases, suspended material, clouds, or by the earth's surface. is_a: SolarRadiation [Term] id: Absorption name: Absorption name: Absorption comment: The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance. is_a: ChemicalProcess is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: AbsorptionCoefficient name: AbsorptionCoefficient equivalent_to: Opacity [Term] id: Abundance name: Abundance is_a: Composition [Term] id: Abyss name: Abyss is_a: WaterBodyLayer equivalent_to: Abyssal [Term] id: AbyssopelagicZone name: AbyssopelagicZone is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: Acceleration name: Acceleration name: Acceleration comment: The rate of change with time of the velocity vector of a particle. is_a: MotionProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: Access name: Access is_a: DataService equivalent_to: Accessing [Term] id: Accretion name: Accretion is_a: SolidPhenomena equivalent_to: Coalescence [Term] id: Accumulation name: Accumulation is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: AccumulationZone name: AccumulationZone is_a: GlacialRegion [Term] id: Accuracy name: Accuracy is_a: Metric [Term] id: Acidification name: Acidification comment: Any process that decreases the pH value of a subtance. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Acidity name: Acidity is_a: ChemicalProperty [Term] id: Acoustic name: Acoustic equivalent_to: AcousticWave [Term] id: AcousticBackScattering name: AcousticBackScattering name: Acoustic Backscattering comment: Scattering of sound or ultrasound in the direction of the source. is_a: Backscattering [Term] id: AcousticGravityWave name: AcousticGravityWave name: Acoustic Gravity Wave comment: A wave disturbance with restoring forces that include buoyancy and the elastic compressibility of the fluid medium. is_a: AcousticWave is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: AcousticWave name: AcousticWave is_a: Wave equivalent_to: Acoustics equivalent_to: Sound equivalent_to: SoundWave relationship: hasRestoringForce Pressure [Term] id: Actinoid name: Actinoid is_a: Element [Term] id: ActiveContinent name: ActiveContinent comment: A distinction of whether the continental margins are active (subducting). [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: partOf ContinentalLithosphere [Term] id: ActiveRegion name: ActiveRegion is_a: StellarRealm [Term] id: ActiveSolarEnergy name: ActiveSolarEnergy is_a: SolarEnergy is_a: ThermalCollection [Term] id: ActivityLevel name: ActivityLevel is_a: OrdinalProperty is_a: SystemProperty [Term] id: Adaptation name: Adaptation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: AdaptiveCapacity name: AdaptiveCapacity is_a: Metric [Term] id: AdministrativeRegion name: AdministrativeRegion is_a: Jurisdiction is_a: Region [Term] id: Adsorption name: Adsorption comment: Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms or molecules on the surface of a material. This process creates a film of the adsorbate (the molecules or atoms being accumulated) on the adsorbent's surface. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Advection name: Advection comment: The process of transport solely by the mass motion (velocity field); also, the rate of change of the value of the advected property at a given point. is_a: Phenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Transport [Term] id: AdvectionFog name: AdvectionFog name: AdvectionFog comment: A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint.\n is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena Advection [Term] id: Aeolian name: Aeolian comment: Aeolian (or Eolian or ®olian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds and more specifically, to the winds' ability to shape the surface of the Earth and other planets. Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials, and are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. [Wikipedia] is_a: Weathering equivalent_to: Eolian [Term] id: AeolianLandform name: AeolianLandform is_a: Landform relationship: hasPhenomena Eolian [Term] id: Aeration name: Aeration comment: Aeration (also called aerification) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixing [Term] id: Aerosol name: Aerosol is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: Affine name: Affine equivalent_to: Linear [Term] id: Aftershock name: Aftershock is_a: Earthquake disjoint_from: Foreshock [Term] id: Age name: Age comment: Epochs are divided into ages [millions of years] [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit is_a: ProperInterval is_a: Time relationship: temporalPartOf Epoch [Term] id: Agent name: Agent is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: AgeostrophicWind name: AgeostrophicWind name: Ageostrophic Wind comment: The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind is_a: Wind [Term] id: Agitation name: Agitation is_a: Force [Term] id: Air name: Air is_a: Mixture [Term] id: AirMass name: AirMass name: Air Mass comment: A widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as 1) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the earth's surface (airmass source region), and 2) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. is_a: Air is_a: Model [Term] id: AirPollution name: AirPollution name: Air Pollution comment: The presence of substances in the atmosphere, particularly those that do not occur naturally is_a: Pollution relationship: hasImpactOn Atmosphere [Term] id: AirPressure name: AirPressure equivalent_to: BarometricPressure [Term] id: AirQuality name: AirQuality is_a: AirPollution ! Air Pollution [Term] id: AirQualityIndex name: AirQualityIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: AirSeaExchange name: AirSeaExchange is_a: Exchange is_a: Phenomena equivalent_to: AtmosphereOceanExchange relationship: hasSource Atmosphere relationship: hasSource Ocean [Term] id: AirSpace name: AirSpace is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: AirTraffic name: AirTraffic is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: AirTrafficControl name: AirTrafficControl is_a: Management relationship: hasHumanActivity AirTraffic [Term] id: AirTransportation name: AirTransportation is_a: Transportation [Term] id: Aircraft name: Aircraft comment: An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly through the air (or through any other atmosphere). All the human activity which surrounds aircraft is called aviation. (Most rocket vehicles are not aircraft because they are not supported by the surrounding air). is_a: Equipment relationship: hasRealm Atmosphere [Term] id: Airplane name: Airplane is_a: Aircraft [Term] id: Airspeed name: Airspeed comment: Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air. There are several different measures of airspeed: indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, equivalent airspeed and true airspeed. is_a: Speed [Term] id: AkasofuEpsilon name: AkasofuEpsilon equivalent_to: GeomagneticIndex [Term] id: AlfvenVelocity name: AlfvenVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: AlfvenWave name: AlfvenWave is_a: PlasmaWave [Term] id: AlgalBloom name: AlgalBloom is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: AlgebraicFunction name: AlgebraicFunction is_a: Function disjoint_from: TranscendentalFunction [Term] id: AlgebraicSolution name: AlgebraicSolution is_a: AnalyticalSolution [Term] id: Algorithm name: Algorithm is_a: Solution [Term] id: AlkaliMetal name: AlkaliMetal is_a: Metal [Term] id: Alkalic name: Alkalic equivalent_to: Alkalinity [Term] id: Alkaline name: Alkaline equivalent_to: Alkalinity [Term] id: AlkalineEarthMetal name: AlkalineEarthMetal is_a: Metal [Term] id: Alkalinity name: Alkalinity is_a: ChemicalProperty equivalent_to: Basic equivalent_to: Basicity [Term] id: Allocation name: Allocation is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Allotrope name: Allotrope is_a: Chemical [Term] id: Alloy name: Alloy comment: An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more elements in a metallic matrix. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may be homogeneous in distribution depending on thermal (heat treatment) history. Alloys usually have different properties from those of the component elements. [Wikipedia] is_a: Solution [Term] id: Alluvial name: Alluvial comment: The process of depositing soil or sediments by a river or other running water. [Wikipedia] is_a: SedimentFormation [Term] id: AlluvialFan name: AlluvialFan is_a: PiedmontSlope [Term] id: AlluvialPlain name: AlluvialPlain is_a: FluvialPlain is_a: PiedmontSlope [Term] id: Alluvium name: Alluvium is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Alpine name: Alpine comment: Alpine region is one above the tree line. [Wikipedia] is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: AlpineTundra name: AlpineTundra comment: Alpine tundra is an ecozone that does not contain trees because it has high altitude. Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude on Earth. Alpine tundra also lacks trees, but the lower part does not have permafrost, and alpine soils are generally better drained than permafrost soils. Alpine tundra transitions to subalpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as Krummholz. Alpine tundra occurs in an alpine zone is_a: Tundra [Term] id: Altitude name: Altitude name: Altitude comment: A measure (or condition) of height, especially of great height, as a mountain top or aircraft flight level. comment: The vertical distance above mean sea level of the ground at the meteorological station. is_a: Height equivalent_to: Elevation [Term] id: Altostratus name: Altostratus comment: A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance. is_a: Stratiform [Term] id: AmbientNoise name: AmbientNoise is_a: Noise [Term] id: Amplitude name: Amplitude comment: Often the greatest magnitude at a given point of any spatially and temporally varying physical quantity governed by a wave equation; can also mean the spatial part of a time-harmonic wave function. is_a: Deviation is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: AnabaticWind name: AnabaticWind comment: In mountain meteorology, an upslope wind driven by heating (usually daytime insolation) at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. is_a: MountainWind relationship: hasProcess Heating [Term] id: Analysis name: Analysis is_a: Research [Term] id: AnalysisOfVariance name: AnalysisOfVariance is_a: HypothesisTest [Term] id: AnalyticalSolution name: AnalyticalSolution is_a: Solution [Term] id: Anatomy name: Anatomy is_a: Biology [Term] id: Andesite name: Andesite comment: Volcanic rock (or lava) characteristically medium dark in color and containing 54 to 62 percent silica and moderate amounts of iron and magnesium. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Angle name: Angle is_a: Error15 is_a: Quantity [Term] id: AngularDirection name: AngularDirection is_a: Direction [Term] id: AngularDistribution name: AngularDistribution is_a: SpatialDistribution [Term] id: AngularExtent name: AngularExtent is_a: SpatialMeasure [Term] id: AngularMotionProperty name: AngularMotionProperty is_a: MotionProperty [Term] id: AnimalWaste name: AnimalWaste is_a: Biomass [Term] id: Anion name: Anion comment: An anion is an ion that has more electrons than protons such that the atom or molecule is negatively charged. [Wikipedia] is_a: Ion [Term] id: AnnualAverage name: AnnualAverage is_a: TimeMean [Term] id: AnnualCycle name: AnnualCycle is_a: GlobalCycle [Term] id: AnomalousEnergeticParticle name: AnomalousEnergeticParticle is_a: CosmicRay [Term] id: Anomaly name: Anomaly is_a: Deviation [Term] id: AnorogenicIgneousRock name: AnorogenicIgneousRock comment: Anorogenic granites are formed above volcanic "hot spot" activity and have peculiar mineralogy and geochemistry. These granites are formed by melting of the lower crust under conditions that are usually extremely dry. The rhyolites of the Yellowstone caldera are examples of volcanic equivalents of A-type granite. [Wikipedia] is_a: IntrusiveRock [Term] id: Anorthosite name: Anorthosite is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: AntarcticOscillation name: AntarcticOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Antenna name: Antenna is_a: CommunicationsEquipment [Term] id: AntennaTemperature name: AntennaTemperature comment: Antenna temperature is a way of expressing the brightness of a radiation source - it is proportional to the power per unit area emitted by the source. In most cases where it is used it corresponds to the thermodynamic or physical temperature of the source being observed. It thus relates the power emitted by the source to an interesting physical property of that source. is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Anticyclone name: Anticyclone comment: An atmospheric anticyclonic circulation, a closed circulation. The wind in an anticyclone is in the clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. is_a: Cell relationship: hasState HighPressure ! High Pressure [Term] id: Antumbra name: Antumbra is_a: Shadow [Term] id: AnvilCloud name: AnvilCloud name: Anvil Cloud comment: a type of cloud comment: The anvil-shaped cloud that comprises the upper portion of mature cumulonimbus clouds is_a: Cloud relationship: upperPartOf Cumulonimbus [Term] id: Aphanite name: Aphanite is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: AphoticZone name: AphoticZone comment: The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: below PhoticZone relationship: hasQuantity Turbidity [Term] id: AppliedResearch name: AppliedResearch is_a: Research [Term] id: Approximation name: Approximation is_a: Solution [Term] id: AquaticOrganism name: AquaticOrganism is_a: Organism [Term] id: Aqueduct name: Aqueduct is_a: Channel [Term] id: Aquiclude name: Aquiclude is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Aquifer name: Aquifer is_a: HydrosphereFeature relationship: partOf SaturatedZone [Term] id: Aquifuge name: Aquifuge is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Aquitard name: Aquitard is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Arc name: Arc is_a: Arc is_a: Error25 is_a: GeologicFeature is_a: GeometricalObject_1D is_a: StructuralComponent [Term] id: ArcAxis name: ArcAxis comment: In a Back-arc basin the arc axis is the line where spreading occurs on the overlying plate of the subduction zone. [Wikipedia] is_a: Axis [Term] id: Archive name: Archive is_a: Collection equivalent_to: Archiving [Term] id: ArcticOscillation name: ArcticOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Area name: Area is_a: SpatialMeasure [Term] id: AreaIntegral name: AreaIntegral is_a: MultipleIntegral [Term] id: Aridification name: Aridification is_a: LandEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Array name: Array is_a: DataStructure is_a: Seq [Term] id: Arrival name: Arrival is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Arroyo name: Arroyo is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: ArtesianWell name: ArtesianWell is_a: ConfinedWell [Term] id: Artifact name: Artifact is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Ascent name: Ascent is_a: Departure [Term] id: AseismicRidge name: AseismicRidge comment: Are neighboring ridges on different tectonic plates which have similar seismic characteristics. "Based on similar seismic velocity gradients of the lavas of the Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelos Ridges there is evidence that the hotspot activity has been the result of a single long mantle melt rather than multiple periods of activity and dormancy." [Wikipedia] is_a: Ridge [Term] id: Ash name: Ash comment: Fine particles of pulverized rock. is_a: SolidSubstance [Term] id: AshFlow name: AshFlow comment: A turbulent mixture of gas and rock fragments, most of which are ash-sized particles, ejected violently from a crater or fissure. The mass of pyroclastics is normally of very high temperature and moves rapidly down the slopes or even along a level surface. is_a: DebrisFlow [Term] id: Ashfall name: Ashfall comment: Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an eruption cloud. A deposit so formed is usually well sorted and layered. is_a: Ejecta [Term] id: Assembly name: Assembly is_a: Production [Term] id: Assessment name: Assessment is_a: Investigation [Term] id: Assimilation name: Assimilation is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Asteroid name: Asteroid is_a: AstronomicalBody [Term] id: Asteroseismology name: Asteroseismology is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Asthenosphere name: Asthenosphere comment: The asthenosphere is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere. Seismic waves pass relatively slowly through the asthenosphere, compared to the overlying lithospheric mantle, thus it has been called the low-velocity zone. [Wikipedia] is_a: UpperMantle equivalent_to: UpperMantleFlowing [Term] id: AstronomicalBody name: AstronomicalBody is_a: Body [Term] id: AsymmetricHeatFlow name: AsymmetricHeatFlow comment: Asymmetric heat flow in geology is an observation that the heat from upwelling mantle does not spread symmetrically away from the hot spot or rift due to differences in crust composition. is_a: Flow [Term] id: Atmophile name: Atmophile is_a: Element [Term] id: Atmosphere name: Atmosphere comment: An atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,[1] by the gravity of the body, and are retained for a longer duration if gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlanetaryRealm relationship: hasLowerBoundary PlanetarySurface [Term] id: AtmosphereLandExchange name: AtmosphereLandExchange is_a: Exchange is_a: Phenomena relationship: hasSource Atmosphere relationship: hasSource Land [Term] id: AtmosphereLayer name: AtmosphereLayer is_a: PlanetaryLayer relationship: hasRealm Atmosphere [Term] id: AtmosphericAnticyclone name: AtmosphericAnticyclone is_a: Anticyclone is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena [Term] id: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer name: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer comment: The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth.\n is_a: AtmosphereLayer equivalent_to: BoundaryLayer [Term] id: AtmosphericCirculation name: AtmosphericCirculation is_a: Circulation is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: AtmosphericCyclone name: AtmosphericCyclone is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: Cyclone [Term] id: AtmosphericDisturbance name: AtmosphericDisturbance is_a: AtmosphericWave [Term] id: AtmosphericHighPressure name: AtmosphericHighPressure is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: HighPressure ! High Pressure [Term] id: AtmosphericLowPressure name: AtmosphericLowPressure is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: LowPressure ! Low Pressure [Term] id: AtmosphericPhenomena name: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena [Term] id: AtmosphericPrecipitation name: AtmosphericPrecipitation is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: Precipitation [Term] id: AtmosphericPressure name: AtmosphericPressure equivalent_to: BarometricPressure [Term] id: AtmosphericPumping name: AtmosphericPumping is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: AtmosphericRidge name: AtmosphericRidge is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: Ridge [Term] id: AtmosphericScience name: AtmosphericScience is_a: PlanetaryScience [Term] id: AtmosphericTrough name: AtmosphericTrough is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: Trough [Term] id: AtmosphericWave name: AtmosphericWave is_a: FluidWave relationship: hasRealm Atmosphere [Term] id: Atoll name: Atoll is_a: Island [Term] id: Atom name: Atom is_a: SubstanceForm [Term] id: Attenuation name: Attenuation is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess equivalent_to: Extinction [Term] id: AttenuationCoefficient name: AttenuationCoefficient equivalent_to: ExtinctionCoefficient [Term] id: Attitude name: Attitude is_a: Direction [Term] id: Attribute name: Attribute is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Attrition name: Attrition is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: AuroralBoundaryIndex name: AuroralBoundaryIndex is_a: GeomagneticIndex [Term] id: Austral name: Austral is_a: SouthLatitudeBand [Term] id: AutoConvectiveLapseRate name: AutoConvectiveLapseRate comment: The environmental lapse rate of temperature in an atmosphere in which the density is constant with height (homogeneous atmosphere), equal to g/R, where g is the acceleration of gravity and R the gas constant.\n is_a: EnvironmentalLapseRate [Term] id: Autotroph name: Autotroph is_a: BiologicalRole disjoint_from: Heterotroph [Term] id: AvailablePotentialEnergy name: AvailablePotentialEnergy comment: That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system. is_a: PotentialEnergy [Term] id: Avalanche name: Avalanche comment: A mass of snow, ice or rocks moving rapidly down a steep mountain slope. Avalanches may be characterized as loose and turbulent, or slab; either type may be dry or wet according to the nature of the snow forming it, although dry snow usually forms loose avalanches and wet snow forms slabs. A large avalanche sweeps a current of air along with and in front of it as an avalanche wind, which supplements its already tremendous destructive force. is_a: Collapse is_a: Slide [Term] id: Average name: Average equivalent_to: Mean [Term] id: AverageAnnualPrecipitation name: AverageAnnualPrecipitation is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: Precipitation [Term] id: AverageDrySeasonPrecipitation name: AverageDrySeasonPrecipitation is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: Precipitation relationship: hasTime DrySeason [Term] id: AverageITCZDominanceDuration name: AverageITCZDominanceDuration is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: ITCZDominanceDuration [Term] id: AverageMonthlyPrecipitation name: AverageMonthlyPrecipitation is_a: MonthlyAverage is_a: Precipitation [Term] id: AverageSnowCoverDuration name: AverageSnowCoverDuration is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: SnowCoverDuration [Term] id: AverageWinterDuration name: AverageWinterDuration is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: WinterDuration [Term] id: Aviation name: Aviation is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Axis name: Axis is_a: Direction [Term] id: Azimuth name: Azimuth is_a: Direction [Term] id: AzimuthalDirection name: AzimuthalDirection is_a: Direction [Term] id: B name: B comment: Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. is_a: ClimateClassification equivalent_to: DryClimate [Term] id: BDOC name: BDOC equivalent_to: BiodegradableDissolvedOrganicCarbon [Term] id: BIBI name: BIBI equivalent_to: BenthicIndex [Term] id: BOD name: BOD equivalent_to: BiologicalOxygenDemand [Term] id: BSpline name: BSpline is_a: CubicSpline [Term] id: BackArc name: BackArc comment: Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] is_a: Arc equivalent_to: RearArc equivalent_to: RetroArc [Term] id: BackArcBasin name: BackArcBasin comment: Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Background name: Background is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Backscattering name: Backscattering comment: scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation is_a: Scattering [Term] id: Backwash name: Backwash is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: Bag name: Bag is_a: Container equivalent_to: Multiset [Term] id: Bajada name: Bajada is_a: PiedmontSlope [Term] id: BalanceEquation name: BalanceEquation equivalent_to: BudgetEquation [Term] id: Bandwidth name: Bandwidth is_a: Frequency is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: Bank name: Bank is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: BannerCloud name: BannerCloud comment: A cloud plume often observed to extend downwind from isolated, sharp, often pyramid-shaped mountain peaks, even on otherwise cloud-free days.\n is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Bar name: Bar is_a: Delta is_a: Spit equivalent_to: DeltaBar [Term] id: Barchan name: Barchan is_a: Dune [Term] id: BaroclinicLeaf name: BaroclinicLeaf comment: A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis\n is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena Cyclogenesis ! Cyclogenesis [Term] id: Barometric name: Barometric is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: BarometricAltitude name: BarometricAltitude is_a: Altitude ! Altitude [Term] id: BarometricPressure name: BarometricPressure comment: The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the column of air lying directly above the point in question. is_a: Pressure [Term] id: BarometricTendency name: BarometricTendency comment: The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. is_a: PressureTendency [Term] id: Barrier name: Barrier is_a: GeographicRole [Term] id: BarrierIsland name: BarrierIsland is_a: Island [Term] id: BarrierJet name: BarrierJet comment: A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier.\n is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: BarrierLagoon name: BarrierLagoon is_a: Lagoon [Term] id: BarrierLayer name: BarrierLayer comment: The depth range, where it exists, between the bottom of the oceanic surface mixed layer and the thermocline, usually at a depth between 30 and 80 m. is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: Basal name: Basal equivalent_to: Bottom [Term] id: Basalt name: Basalt comment: Basalt is the most common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey. On Earth, most basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the mantle. [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock [Term] id: Base name: Base equivalent_to: Bottom [Term] id: BaseFlow name: BaseFlow is_a: Streamflow [Term] id: BaseUnit name: BaseUnit is_a: Unit disjoint_from: ComplexUnit [Term] id: Basement name: Basement is_a: GeologicStructure [Term] id: Basin name: Basin is_a: BodyOfWater is_a: Depression is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: BasisFunction name: BasisFunction is_a: Function [Term] id: Batholith name: Batholith comment: A batholith is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite (see also granite dome).There is also an important geographic usage of the term batholith. For a geographer, a batholith is an exposed area of mostly continuous plutonic rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlutonicStructure [Term] id: Bathyal name: Bathyal is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: Bathymetry name: Bathymetry is_a: PlanetarySurfaceLevel [Term] id: BathypelagicZone name: BathypelagicZone is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: Battery name: Battery is_a: EnergyStorage [Term] id: Bay name: Bay is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Beach name: Beach comment: A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach. is_a: Landform relationship: isAdjacentTo BodyOfWater [Term] id: BeachDepletion name: BeachDepletion is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: Bearing name: Bearing equivalent_to: Direction [Term] id: Beat name: Beat is_a: Interference [Term] id: BedLoad name: BedLoad is_a: Load disjoint_from: SuspendedLoad [Term] id: Bedform name: Bedform is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: Bedrock name: Bedrock is_a: GeosphereLayer [Term] id: Behavior name: Behavior is_a: PsychologicalParameter [Term] id: BehavioralScience name: BehavioralScience is_a: KnowledgeDomain [Term] id: Belief name: Belief equivalent_to: Trust [Term] id: BeliefNetwork name: BeliefNetwork is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Belt name: Belt is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Bend name: Bend is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: BenthicIndex name: BenthicIndex is_a: IBI equivalent_to: BenthicIndexOfBiologicalIntegrity [Term] id: BenthicZone name: BenthicZone comment: Benthic means anything associated with or happening on the bottom of a body of water. The Benthic Zone of the ocean is the bottom ocean zone ranging from the deepest parts of the ocean to the tidal affected areas. The most productive region of the benthic zone is the area over the continental margin, which is unaffected by the tides. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: below DemersalZone [Term] id: Bentonite name: Bentonite is_a: Clay [Term] id: BergeronFindeisenProcess name: BergeronFindeisenProcess comment: A theoretical explanation of the process by which precipitation particles may form within a mixed cloud (composed of both ice crystals and liquid water drops). is_a: Coalescence [Term] id: Bias name: Bias is_a: Deviation is_a: Error [Term] id: Biharmonic name: Biharmonic is_a: VectorFieldOperation [Term] id: BillowCloud name: BillowCloud comment: A cloud variety composed of merged or separate elements that are elongated and parallel, either suggestive of ocean waves or arranged in ranks and files. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: BinaryCycle name: BinaryCycle is_a: GeothermalPowerProcess relationship: hasEnergySource HeatExchanger [Term] id: BinaryFunction name: BinaryFunction is_a: DiscreteFunction [Term] id: BinaryOperation name: BinaryOperation is_a: Operation relationship: hasInput OrderedPair [Term] id: BinaryState name: BinaryState is_a: State [Term] id: BindingEnergy name: BindingEnergy is_a: ChemicalEnergy is_a: PotentialEnergy [Term] id: Bioaccumulation name: Bioaccumulation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: BiochemicalOxygenDemand name: BiochemicalOxygenDemand equivalent_to: BiologicalOxygenDemand [Term] id: BiochemicalState name: BiochemicalState is_a: BiologicalState is_a: ChemicalState [Term] id: Biochemistry name: Biochemistry is_a: Biology [Term] id: Bioconcentration name: Bioconcentration is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: BiodegradableDissolvedOrganicCarbon name: BiodegradableDissolvedOrganicCarbon is_a: DissolvedOrganicCarbon [Term] id: Biodiesel name: Biodiesel is_a: Biofuel [Term] id: Biodiversity name: Biodiversity comment: Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems. is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Biofuel name: Biofuel is_a: Fuel relationship: hasEnergySource Biomass [Term] id: Biogeochemistry name: Biogeochemistry is_a: Biology is_a: Geochemistry [Term] id: Bioindicator name: Bioindicator equivalent_to: IndicatorSpecies [Term] id: BiologicalActivity name: BiologicalActivity is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: BiologicalOxygenDemand name: BiologicalOxygenDemand is_a: OxygenDemand [Term] id: BiologicalPhenomena name: BiologicalPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: BiologicalProperty name: BiologicalProperty is_a: Property relationship: studyOf Biology [Term] id: BiologicalQuantity name: BiologicalQuantity is_a: BiologicalProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: BiologicalRole name: BiologicalRole is_a: Role [Term] id: BiologicalState name: BiologicalState is_a: State [Term] id: Biology name: Biology is_a: Science [Term] id: Bioluminescence name: Bioluminescence is_a: Luminescence [Term] id: Biomass name: Biomass is_a: EnergyStorage is_a: LivingEntity [Term] id: Biopower name: Biopower is_a: RenewableEnergySource relationship: hasEnergyProduct Electricity relationship: hasEnergySource Biomass [Term] id: Bioturbation name: Bioturbation comment: Bioturbation is the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by benthic fauna (animals) or flora (plants). The mediators of bioturbation are typically annelid worms (e.g. polychaetes, oligochaetes), bivalves (e.g. mussels, clams), gastropods, holothurians, or any other infaunal or epifaunal organisms. Faunal activities, such as burrowing, ingestion and defecation of sediment grains, construction and maintenance of galleries, and infilling of abandoned dwellings, displace sediment grains and mix the sediment matrix. In soil science, bioturbation is the physical rearrangement of the soil profile by soil life. is_a: Mixing relationship: hasSubstance Sediment [Term] id: Birth name: Birth is_a: VitalActivity [Term] id: BirthDefect name: BirthDefect is_a: Disease [Term] id: Bivariate name: Bivariate is_a: Function [Term] id: BlackCarbon name: BlackCarbon equivalent_to: Soot [Term] id: BlackShearedAnvil name: BlackShearedAnvil comment: Colloquial expression for a cumulonimbus anvil that spreads upwind into relatively strong winds aloft.\n is_a: Cumulonimbus [Term] id: BlackSquall name: BlackSquall comment: A squall accompanied by dark clouds and generally by heavy rain. is_a: Squall [Term] id: BlackWater name: BlackWater is_a: WaterMixture [Term] id: BlanketBog name: BlanketBog is_a: Bog [Term] id: Blizzard name: Blizzard is_a: Snowfall [Term] id: Block name: Block comment: Angular chunk of solid rock ejected during an eruption. is_a: Ejecta [Term] id: Blocking name: Blocking is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Cyclone [Term] id: BlockingIndex name: BlockingIndex is_a: Index [Term] id: Blowing name: Blowing comment: When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more is_a: Wind [Term] id: Bluff name: Bluff is_a: Hill [Term] id: Body name: Body is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: BodyOfWater name: BodyOfWater is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: BodyTide name: BodyTide is_a: Tide [Term] id: BodyWave name: BodyWave is_a: SolidWave disjoint_from: SurfaceWave [Term] id: Bog name: Bog is_a: Wetland [Term] id: Boiling name: Boiling is_a: Vaporization [Term] id: BoilingPoint name: BoilingPoint is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Bolson name: Bolson is_a: Basin [Term] id: BolusAdvection name: BolusAdvection is_a: Advection [Term] id: Bomb name: Bomb comment: Fragment of molten or semi-molten rock, 2 1/2 inches to many feet in diameter, which is blown out during an eruption. Because of their plastic condition, bombs are often modified in shape during their flight or upon impact. is_a: Ejecta [Term] id: Bombardment name: Bombardment is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Bond name: Bond is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: BookEndVorticities name: BookEndVorticities comment: Mesoscale vortices observed at the ends of a line segment of convective cells, usually cyclonic on the northern end of the system and anticyclonic on the southern end, for an environment of westerly vertical wind shear is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena is_a: Vortex [Term] id: Bora name: Bora comment: A fall wind with a source so cold that, when the air reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise the air temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind is_a: FallWind [Term] id: Borealis name: Borealis is_a: NorthLatitudeBand [Term] id: Borehole name: Borehole comment: A borehole is the generalised term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes including the extraction of water or fluid (such as oil) or gases (such as natural gas or methane), as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment, for mineral exploration, or as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities. is_a: Equipment [Term] id: Bottom name: Bottom is_a: Minimum equivalent_to: Floor [Term] id: Boulder name: Boulder is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Boundary name: Boundary is_a: Barrier equivalent_to: Edge equivalent_to: Face [Term] id: BoundaryCurrent name: BoundaryCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: BoundaryLayer name: BoundaryLayer is_a: Region equivalent_to: PlanetaryBoundaryLayer [Term] id: BoundingBox name: BoundingBox is_a: Rectangle [Term] id: BoussinesqApproximation name: BoussinesqApproximation comment: An approximation to the dynamical equations of motion whereby density is assumed to be constant except in the buoyancy term of the vertical velocity equation. is_a: PhysicalApproximation [Term] id: BowEcho name: BowEcho comment: A bow-shaped line of convective cells that is often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. is_a: CellCluster [Term] id: BowenRatio name: BowenRatio is_a: Ratio relationship: hasFirstOperand SensibleHeat relationship: hasSecondOperand LatentHeat [Term] id: Bowl name: Bowl is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: BoxCar name: BoxCar is_a: AlgebraicFunction equivalent_to: SquareWave [Term] id: BoydenIndex name: BoydenIndex comment: A measure of the mean thermodynamic stability in a layer beneath 700 mb. is_a: Index relationship: measureOf StaticStability [Term] id: BrackishWater name: BrackishWater comment: Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. is_a: SaltWater [Term] id: BraggDiffraction name: BraggDiffraction is_a: Diffraction [Term] id: Branch name: Branch is_a: PlantPart [Term] id: BreadthFirstSearch name: BreadthFirstSearch is_a: Search [Term] id: Break name: Break is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Breaker name: Breaker is_a: BreakingWave [Term] id: BreakingWave name: BreakingWave is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: Breathing name: Breathing is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Breccia name: Breccia is_a: Rock [Term] id: Brightness name: Brightness is_a: Luminance equivalent_to: SpecificIntensity [Term] id: BrightnessTemperature name: BrightnessTemperature comment: A descriptive measure of radiation in terms of the temperature of a hypothetical blackbody emitting an identical amount of radiation at the same wavelength. is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Brine name: Brine is_a: SaltWater disjoint_from: SalineWater [Term] id: BrittleDuctileTransitionZone name: BrittleDuctileTransitionZone comment: D" layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D_ may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] is_a: Crust [Term] id: Broadleaf name: Broadleaf is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Broncitis name: Broncitis is_a: Disease [Term] id: BrownCloud name: BrownCloud comment: Phenomenon particularly associated with smog episodes in cities such as Denver, Colorado. is_a: Smog [Term] id: BrownianMotion name: BrownianMotion comment: A stochastic process that describes (among other things) the rapid and chaotic motion of particles suspended in a fluid at rest as a consequence of fluctuations in the rate at which fluid molecules collide with the particles. is_a: StochasticProcess [Term] id: BruntVaisalaFrequency name: BruntVaisalaFrequency comment: The frequency at which a displaced parcel will oscillate when displaced vertically within a statically stable environment. is_a: Frequency relationship: measureOf StaticStability [Term] id: Buckle name: Buckle is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Budget name: Budget equivalent_to: BudgetEquation [Term] id: BudgetEquation name: BudgetEquation comment: In general, an equation expressing a balance of quantities in the sense that the local or individual rates of change are zero. is_a: Equation [Term] id: BulkDensity name: BulkDensity is_a: Density [Term] id: BulkHeatFlux name: BulkHeatFlux comment: >Heat flux averaged over a layer of air, such as the boundary layer; heat-flux divergence or difference between the top and bottom of a layer. is_a: ThermalFlux [Term] id: BulkModulus name: BulkModulus is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: Buoyancy name: Buoyancy comment: That property of an object that enables it to float on the surface of a liquid, or ascend through and remain freely suspended in a compressible fluid such as the atmosphere. is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: Burning name: Burning is_a: ChemicalProcess is_a: ThermalProcess [Term] id: Butte name: Butte is_a: Hill [Term] id: C name: C is_a: ClimateClassification equivalent_to: TemperateClimate [Term] id: CCN name: CCN equivalent_to: CloudCondensationNuclei [Term] id: CDR name: CDR equivalent_to: ClimateDataRecord [Term] id: CME name: CME equivalent_to: CoronalMassEjection [Term] id: COD name: COD equivalent_to: ChemicalOxygenDemand [Term] id: COH name: COH equivalent_to: CoefficientOfHaze [Term] id: CSA name: CSA equivalent_to: CombinedStatisticalArea [Term] id: Cadence name: Cadence is_a: Frequency [Term] id: Calcification name: Calcification comment: Any process that increases the calcium concentration of a subtance. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Calcination name: Calcination is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Calf name: Calf is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: Campaign name: Campaign is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Canal name: Canal is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Cancer name: Cancer is_a: Disease [Term] id: Canopy name: Canopy is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Canyon name: Canyon comment: A canyon, or gorge, is a deep valley between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river. Most canyons were formed by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level. [Wikipedia] is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: CanyonWind name: CanyonWind comment: The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls. is_a: MountainWind relationship: hasProcess Cooling [Term] id: Cap name: Cap comment: A region of negative buoyancy below an existing level of free convection (LFC) where energy must be supplied to the parcel to maintain its ascent. is_a: Level [Term] id: Capacitance name: Capacitance is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: Capacity name: Capacity is_a: Volume [Term] id: CapacityBuiiding name: CapacityBuiiding is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Capillary name: Capillary equivalent_to: CapillaryAction [Term] id: CapillaryAction name: CapillaryAction is_a: FluidPhenomena [Term] id: CapillaryWave name: CapillaryWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: CappingInversion name: CappingInversion comment: A statically stable layer at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Car name: Car is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: CarbonFootprint name: CarbonFootprint is_a: Footprint [Term] id: CarbonateAlkalinity name: CarbonateAlkalinity is_a: Alkalinity [Term] id: CarbonateCompensationLevel name: CarbonateCompensationLevel equivalent_to: WaterBodyBoundary [Term] id: CardinalScale name: CardinalScale is_a: QuantitativeScale [Term] id: CardiovascularDisease name: CardiovascularDisease is_a: Disease [Term] id: Cascade name: Cascade is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: CascadingWater name: CascadingWater is_a: Groundwater is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Cataclasis name: Cataclasis is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Catchment name: Catchment comment: A catchment, or drainage basin, is an extent of land where water from precipitation drains into a body of water [Wikipedia] is_a: Watershed [Term] id: CategoricalProperty name: CategoricalProperty is_a: Property disjoint_from: OrdinalProperty disjoint_from: Quantity [Term] id: CategoricalScale name: CategoricalScale is_a: MeasurementScale disjoint_from: OrdinalScale disjoint_from: QuantitativeScale [Term] id: Category name: Category is_a: CategoricalProperty equivalent_to: Classification [Term] id: Cation name: Cation comment: An cation is an ion that has more protons than electrons such that the atom or molecule is positively charged. [Wikipedia] is_a: Ion [Term] id: CationExchangeCapacity name: CationExchangeCapacity is_a: ExchangeCapacity relationship: hasSubstance Cation [Term] id: Cave name: Cave is_a: Cavity is_a: FluvialLandform relationship: contains Tunnel [Term] id: Cavity name: Cavity is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Ceiling name: Ceiling is_a: VerticalExtent [Term] id: Cell name: Cell comment: In radar usage, a local maximum in radar reflectivity that undergoes a life cycle of growth and decay. The rising portion of the reflectivity maximum is indicative of updraft, and the later descending portion is indicative of a precipitation downdraft. Cells in ordinary convective storms last from 20 to 30 min, but often form longer-lasting multicell convective storms. Cells in supercell storms are more steady and last considerably longer. See also thunderstorm cell. is_a: DataModel is_a: Phenomena relationship: hasProcess Rotation [Term] id: CellCluster name: CellCluster is_a: Cluster relationship: clusterOf Cell [Term] id: Cement name: Cement is_a: Mixture [Term] id: Cementation name: Cementation is_a: Consolidation [Term] id: Census name: Census is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Center name: Center is_a: Location [Term] id: CenterOfMass name: CenterOfMass is_a: Center [Term] id: CentralCreekCrater name: CentralCreekCrater is_a: Crater [Term] id: CentrifugalForce name: CentrifugalForce name: Centrifugal Force is_a: Force [Term] id: CentripetalForce name: CentripetalForce name: Centripetal Force is_a: Force [Term] id: Chalcogen name: Chalcogen is_a: Element [Term] id: Chalcophile name: Chalcophile comment: An element such as copper that forms sulphide minerals if sufficient sulphur is available. is_a: Element [Term] id: ChandlerWobble name: ChandlerWobble is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Change name: Change is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: Channel name: Channel comment: In physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. A channel is also the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water. It is especially used as a Nautical term to mean the dredged and marked lane of safe travel which a cognizant governmental entity guarantees to have a minimum depth across its specified minimum width to all vessels transiting a body of water. The term not only includes the deep-dredged ship-navigable parts of an estuary or river leading to port facilities, but also to lesser channels accessing boat port-facilities such as marinas. When dredged channels traverse bay mud or sandy bottoms, repeated dredging is often necessary because of the unstable subsequent movement of benthic soils. is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Character name: Character is_a: Representation [Term] id: Characteristics name: Characteristics is_a: CategoricalProperty equivalent_to: Description [Term] id: Charge name: Charge is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ChargeDistribution name: ChargeDistribution is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: SpatialDistribution [Term] id: ChargeExchange name: ChargeExchange is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: CheckDam name: CheckDam is_a: Dam [Term] id: Chemical name: Chemical comment: Chemical substance, in chemistry, are material objects that can undergo various transformations related to artificial or natural phenomena [Wikipedia] is_a: Substance equivalent_to: ChemicalSubstance [Term] id: ChemicalCompound name: ChemicalCompound equivalent_to: Compound [Term] id: ChemicalElement name: ChemicalElement equivalent_to: Element [Term] id: ChemicalEnergy name: ChemicalEnergy is_a: ChemicalProperty is_a: Energy [Term] id: ChemicalOxygenDemand name: ChemicalOxygenDemand is_a: OxygenDemand [Term] id: ChemicalProcess name: ChemicalProcess comment: A chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. [Wikipedia] is_a: Process equivalent_to: ChemicalReaction equivalent_to: Reaction [Term] id: ChemicalProperty name: ChemicalProperty is_a: Property relationship: studyOf Chemistry [Term] id: ChemicalQuantity name: ChemicalQuantity is_a: ChemicalProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: ChemicalState name: ChemicalState is_a: State [Term] id: Chemistry name: Chemistry is_a: Science [Term] id: Chemoautotroph name: Chemoautotroph is_a: Autotroph [Term] id: Chemoheterotroph name: Chemoheterotroph is_a: Heterotroph [Term] id: Chemosynthesis name: Chemosynthesis is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: CherguiWind name: CherguiWind comment: An east or southeast desert wind in Morocco (North Africa), especially in the north.\n is_a: DesertWind [Term] id: ChiSquare name: ChiSquare is_a: DistributionFunction equivalent_to: ChiSquareDistribution [Term] id: ChiSquareTest name: ChiSquareTest is_a: HypothesisTest relationship: hasStatisticalDistribution ChiSquare [Term] id: ChiSquareValue name: ChiSquareValue is_a: StatisticalScore [Term] id: ChinookWind name: ChinookWind comment: The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada. equivalent_to: Foehn [Term] id: Choice name: Choice is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Chondrite name: Chondrite is_a: Meteorite [Term] id: Chorus name: Chorus is_a: Resonance [Term] id: Chromosphere name: Chromosphere is_a: StellarAtmosphere [Term] id: Chronology name: Chronology is_a: History [Term] id: CinderCone name: CinderCone comment: A volcanic cone built entirely of loose fragmented material (pyroclastics.) is_a: VolcanicCone [Term] id: Circle name: Circle is_a: ConicSection [Term] id: Circuit name: Circuit equivalent_to: Cycle [Term] id: Circular name: Circular is_a: GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: Circulation name: Circulation is_a: Flow [Term] id: CirculationIndex name: CirculationIndex is_a: Index [Term] id: CircumpolarCurrent name: CircumpolarCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: Cirrostratus name: Cirrostratus is_a: Stratiform [Term] id: Cirrus name: Cirrus is_a: Cloud [Term] id: City name: City is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside State [Term] id: Civil name: Civil is_a: Jurisdiction equivalent_to: Civilian disjoint_from: Military [Term] id: CivilAviation name: CivilAviation is_a: Aviation relationship: hasJurisdiction Civil [Term] id: CivilDisturbance name: CivilDisturbance is_a: SocialActivity [Term] id: Clast name: Clast is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Clathrate name: Clathrate is_a: InorganicCompound [Term] id: Clay name: Clay is_a: Sediment [Term] id: ClearCutting name: ClearCutting is_a: Forestry [Term] id: Cleavage name: Cleavage is_a: Crack [Term] id: Cliff name: Cliff is_a: Hill [Term] id: Climate name: Climate is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena is_a: TemporalAverage equivalent_to: ClimateAverage equivalent_to: ClimaticAverage equivalent_to: ClimatologicalAverage relationship: hasQuantity Moisture relationship: hasQuantity Temperature [Term] id: ClimateAnomaly name: ClimateAnomaly is_a: Anomaly is_a: ClimatePhenomena equivalent_to: ClimaticAnomaly relationship: deviationFrom Climate [Term] id: ClimateChange name: ClimateChange is_a: GlobalChange [Term] id: ClimateClassification name: ClimateClassification is_a: Category [Term] id: ClimateDataRecord name: ClimateDataRecord is_a: Collection [Term] id: ClimateIndicator name: ClimateIndicator is_a: EnvironmentalIndicator relationship: measureOf Climate [Term] id: ClimateModel name: ClimateModel is_a: Model [Term] id: ClimatePhenomena name: ClimatePhenomena is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena [Term] id: ClimateZoneType name: ClimateZoneType is_a: ClimateClassification [Term] id: Climatology name: Climatology is_a: PlanetaryScience [Term] id: Climax name: Climax is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Clogging name: Clogging is_a: Force [Term] id: Cloud name: Cloud comment: A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: hasSubstance CloudCondensationNuclei relationship: hasSubstance Ice [Term] id: CloudBurst name: CloudBurst comment: In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type.\n is_a: HeavyRainfall [Term] id: CloudCondensationNuclei name: CloudCondensationNuclei is_a: CondensationNuclei [Term] id: CloudDrop name: CloudDrop is_a: Drop [Term] id: CloudForcing name: CloudForcing is_a: RadiativeForcing [Term] id: Clump name: Clump is_a: Accretion equivalent_to: Clumping [Term] id: Cluster name: Cluster is_a: Collection equivalent_to: Family equivalent_to: Swarm [Term] id: Coastal name: Coastal equivalent_to: CoastalRegion [Term] id: CoastalLandform name: CoastalLandform is_a: Landform relationship: hasRealm CoastalRegion [Term] id: CoastalMargin name: CoastalMargin is_a: CoastalRegion is_a: Margin [Term] id: CoastalPhenomena name: CoastalPhenomena is_a: OceanPhenomena relationship: hasRealm CoastalRegion [Term] id: CoastalPlain name: CoastalPlain is_a: CoastalRegion is_a: Plain [Term] id: CoastalRegion name: CoastalRegion is_a: PlanetaryRealm relationship: hasCommon2DBorderWith Land relationship: hasCommon2DBorderWith OceanRegion [Term] id: Cobble name: Cobble is_a: Sediment [Term] id: CoefficientOfHaze name: CoefficientOfHaze is_a: AirQualityIndex [Term] id: Coherent name: Coherent is_a: SystemState [Term] id: ColdCoreCell name: ColdCoreCell is_a: OceanGyre [Term] id: ColdFront name: ColdFront comment: Any nonoccluded front, or portion thereof, that moves so that the colder air replaces the warmer air; that is, the leading edge of a relatively cold air mass. is_a: Front disjoint_from: WarmFront ! Warm Front relationship: hasPhenomena Cooling [Term] id: ColdestMonth name: ColdestMonth is_a: Time relationship: hasMinimum Temperature [Term] id: ColdestMonthTemperature name: ColdestMonthTemperature is_a: Temperature relationship: hasPhenomena ColdestMonth [Term] id: Collapse name: Collapse is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Collection name: Collection is_a: Data is_a: NumericalEntity is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Collector name: Collector is_a: GeographicRole [Term] id: Collision name: Collision is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Colloid name: Colloid is_a: Mixture [Term] id: Colluvium name: Colluvium is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Colonization name: Colonization is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Color name: Color is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Column name: Column is_a: Dimension [Term] id: CombinedStatisticalArea name: CombinedStatisticalArea is_a: MetropolitanArea [Term] id: Combustion name: Combustion is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Comeback name: Comeback is_a: Return [Term] id: Comet name: Comet is_a: AstronomicalBody [Term] id: Comminution name: Comminution is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: CommonSenseClimateIndex name: CommonSenseClimateIndex comment: The Common Sense Climate Index is a simple measure of the degree (if any) to which practical climate change is occurring. The index is a composite of several everyday climate indicators. It is expected to have positive values when warming occurs and negative values for cooling. If the Index reaches and consistently maintains a value of 1 or more, the climate change should be noticeable to most people who have lived at that location for a few decades. is_a: ClimateIndicator [Term] id: Communication name: Communication is_a: HumanActivity equivalent_to: Communications [Term] id: CommunicationMethod name: CommunicationMethod is_a: Communication [Term] id: CommunicationsEquipment name: CommunicationsEquipment is_a: Equipment relationship: hasHumanActivity Communications [Term] id: Community name: Community comment: A community is a social group of organisms sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. is_a: Group [Term] id: CommunityStructure name: CommunityStructure is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Compaction name: Compaction comment: Compaction, part of the process of lithification involving mechanical dewatering of a sediment by progressive loading under several km of geomaterial [Wikipedia] is_a: SedimentFormation is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: CompactionCoefficient name: CompactionCoefficient is_a: PerMeterQuantity [Term] id: Competition name: Competition is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Complex name: Complex comment: A complex system is a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibit one or more properties (behavior among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties is_a: SystemState [Term] id: ComplexCrater name: ComplexCrater is_a: Crater [Term] id: ComplexUnit name: ComplexUnit is_a: Unit [Term] id: Component name: Component is_a: Dimension equivalent_to: Coordinate equivalent_to: SystemComponent [Term] id: CompositeCone name: CompositeCone comment: A steep volcanic cone built by both lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions is_a: VolcanicCone [Term] id: CompositeProcess name: CompositeProcess is_a: Genesis is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Composition name: Composition is_a: ChemicalProperty [Term] id: Compound name: Compound comment: A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements[1][2][3] that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions[4] and that have a unique and defined chemical structure. Chemical compounds consist of a fixed ratio of atoms[3] that are hold together in a defined spatial arrangement by chemical bonds. [Wikipedia] is_a: Chemical [Term] id: Compressibility name: Compressibility is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: Compression name: Compression is_a: DataService is_a: PhysicalProcess disjoint_from: Decompression disjoint_from: Rareification [Term] id: CompressionMethod name: CompressionMethod is_a: Algorithm relationship: hasDataService Compression [Term] id: CompressionWave name: CompressionWave is_a: LongitudinalWave [Term] id: CompressiveStrength name: CompressiveStrength is_a: Strength [Term] id: CompundParabolicConcentrator name: CompundParabolicConcentrator is_a: EnergyCollector [Term] id: ComputationalComplexity name: ComputationalComplexity is_a: Metric [Term] id: ComputerHardware name: ComputerHardware is_a: Equipment [Term] id: ConcentratingSolarPower name: ConcentratingSolarPower is_a: SolarEnergy [Term] id: Conchoidal name: Conchoidal comment: The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Condensation name: Condensation is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: CondensationNuclei name: CondensationNuclei is_a: SolidSubstance relationship: hasRole Coalescence [Term] id: Condition name: Condition is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: ConditionalInstability name: ConditionalInstability comment: The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: Conduction name: Conduction comment: Transport of energy (charge) solely as a consequence of random motions of individual molecules (ions, electrons) not moving together in coherent groups. is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: ConductionRole name: ConductionRole is_a: OrdinalProperty is_a: PhysicalRole relationship: hasProcess Conduction [Term] id: Cone name: Cone is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: ConeOfDepression name: ConeOfDepression is_a: HydrosphereFeature is_a: Trough [Term] id: ConeOfImpression name: ConeOfImpression is_a: HydrosphereFeature is_a: Ridge [Term] id: Configuration name: Configuration equivalent_to: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: ConfinedAquifer name: ConfinedAquifer is_a: Aquifer [Term] id: ConfinedBed name: ConfinedBed is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: ConfinedUnit name: ConfinedUnit is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: ConfinedWell name: ConfinedWell is_a: Well [Term] id: ConfinedZone name: ConfinedZone is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Congealing name: Congealing is_a: Force [Term] id: Congelation name: Congelation is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: CongelationIce name: CongelationIce is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: Conic name: Conic is_a: GeometricalObject_2D equivalent_to: ConicSection [Term] id: Conifer name: Conifer is_a: Plant [Term] id: Coning name: Coning is_a: Plume [Term] id: ConnectedGraph name: ConnectedGraph is_a: Graph [Term] id: Connectivity name: Connectivity is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: Conservation name: Conservation is_a: Management [Term] id: ConservedQuantity name: ConservedQuantity is_a: Constant [Term] id: Consistence name: Consistence is_a: ConsistenceProperty equivalent_to: Consistency [Term] id: ConsistenceProperty name: ConsistenceProperty is_a: MaterialProperty [Term] id: Consolidation name: Consolidation is_a: Force is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Constant name: Constant is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: ConstantFluxLayer name: ConstantFluxLayer comment: A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: Constituent name: Constituent is_a: Component is_a: ConsistenceProperty [Term] id: Construction name: Construction is_a: Production [Term] id: Consumer name: Consumer is_a: BiologicalRole [Term] id: ConsumerBehavior name: ConsumerBehavior is_a: SocialBehavior [Term] id: Consumption name: Consumption is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: ConsumptiveUse name: ConsumptiveUse is_a: HumanActivity is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Container name: Container is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: Containment name: Containment is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: Contamination name: Contamination is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Content name: Content is_a: MassConcentration is_a: Ratio relationship: hasSecondOperand Area [Term] id: ContinenetalDrift name: ContinenetalDrift comment: Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Continent name: Continent comment: A continent is one of several large landmasses. [Wikipedia] is_a: AdministrativeRegion is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Continental name: Continental is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: ContinentalAerosol name: ContinentalAerosol comment: Aerosol having its origin over the continents with industrial, urban, agricultural, forest, and desert sources, with potential for high concentrations of hygroscopic aerosol. is_a: Aerosol relationship: hasRealm Land [Term] id: ContinentalBreakup name: ContinentalBreakup is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: ContinentalCollision name: ContinentalCollision is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: ContinentalCrust name: ContinentalCrust comment: The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia] is_a: Continental is_a: Crust relationship: hasRock Felsic relationship: partOf ContinentalLithosphere [Term] id: ContinentalLithosphere name: ContinentalLithosphere comment: [Mechanical or Seismic Definition of Structure] In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The [Wikipedia] is_a: Continental is_a: Lithosphere relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure Craton [Term] id: ContinentalMargin name: ContinentalMargin comment: The continental margin is the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust. [Wikipedia]\n is_a: Margin [Term] id: ContinentalPlatform name: ContinentalPlatform comment: The extensive central cratons of continents may consist of both shields and platforms, and the crystalline basement. A platform is that part of the craton for which the basement is overlain by horizontal or subhorizontal sediments. [Wikipedia]\n is_a: GeologicProvince [Term] id: ContinentalRift name: ContinentalRift comment: A long, narrow fissure in the Earth marking a zone of the lithosphere that has become thinner due to extensional forces associated with plate teconics. Continental rifts are thousands of kilometers in length and hundreds of kilometers in width, and they are associated with normal faults and with grabens. [FreeDictionary]\n is_a: DivergentBoundary is_a: Rift [Term] id: Continuity name: Continuity equivalent_to: Continuous [Term] id: Continuous name: Continuous is_a: Function disjoint_from: Discontinuous disjoint_from: Discrete [Term] id: Contour name: Contour is_a: Surface [Term] id: Contracting name: Contracting is_a: PhysicalProcess disjoint_from: Expansion [Term] id: ControlPoint name: ControlPoint is_a: Location [Term] id: ControlStrategy name: ControlStrategy is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Convection name: Convection comment: In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: ConvectionCell name: ConvectionCell comment: An organized unit of convection within a convecting layer. It is isolated by a stream surface, with ascending motion in the center and descending motion near the periphery, or vice versa. is_a: CellCluster [Term] id: ConvectionZone name: ConvectionZone is_a: StellarInterior disjoint_from: StellarCore [Term] id: ConvectiveInhibition name: ConvectiveInhibition comment: The energy needed to lift an air parcel vertically and pseudoadiabatically from its originating level to its level of free convection (LFC). is_a: Energy [Term] id: ConvectiveInstability name: ConvectiveInstability comment: An instability due to the buoyancy force of heavy fluid over light fluid overcoming the stabilizing influence of viscous forces. is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: ConvectivePlume name: ConvectivePlume comment: A buoyant jet stream in which the buoyancy is supplied steadily from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. is_a: Plume relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: ConvectiveStorm name: ConvectiveStorm is_a: Storm relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: Convergence name: Convergence is_a: VectorFieldOperation relationship: hasOutput VectorField [Term] id: ConvergentBoundary name: ConvergentBoundary comment: In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary or convergent plate boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide and where crust is being destroyed. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlateBoundary equivalent_to: ConvergentMargin equivalent_to: ConvergentPlateBoundary relationship: hasGeologicProvince Orogen relationship: hasPhenomena AsymmetricHeatFlow relationship: hasPhenomena Subsidence [Term] id: Conversion name: Conversion is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Cooling name: Cooling is_a: ThermalProcess disjoint_from: Heating [Term] id: Coordinate name: Coordinate is_a: Scalar [Term] id: CoordinateSystem name: CoordinateSystem is_a: ReferenceFrame [Term] id: Coordinates name: Coordinates is_a: Array relationship: eachElementHasType Coordinate [Term] id: CoralBleaching name: CoralBleaching is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Core name: Core comment: The central most structure inside the earth. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in the other layers. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeosphereLayer [Term] id: CoreMantleBoundary name: CoreMantleBoundary equivalent_to: GuttenburgDiscontinuity [Term] id: CoriolisEffect name: CoriolisEffect equivalent_to: CoriolisForce [Term] id: CoriolisForce name: CoriolisForce is_a: Deflection is_a: Force [Term] id: Corkscrew name: Corkscrew is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Corona name: Corona is_a: StellarAtmosphere [Term] id: CoronalDimming name: CoronalDimming is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: CoronalHole name: CoronalHole is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: CoronalJet name: CoronalJet is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: CoronalLoop name: CoronalLoop is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: CoronalMassEjection name: CoronalMassEjection comment: A coronal mass ejection (CME) is an ejection of material from the solar corona, usually observed with a white-light coronagraph. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons (in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron), plus the entrained coronal magnetic field. is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: CoronalPhenomena name: CoronalPhenomena is_a: StellarPhenomena relationship: hasRealm Corona [Term] id: CoronalRain name: CoronalRain is_a: CoronalPhenomena [Term] id: Correction name: Correction is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Corrosion name: Corrosion is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Cosine name: Cosine is_a: TrigonometricFunction [Term] id: CosmicRay name: CosmicRay is_a: EnergeticParticle [Term] id: CounterGradientFlux name: CounterGradientFlux is_a: Flux [Term] id: Country name: Country is_a: AdministrativeRegion [Term] id: County name: County is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside State [Term] id: Cove name: Cove is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: Cover name: Cover is_a: GeologicStructure [Term] id: Crack name: Crack is_a: Separation [Term] id: Crater name: Crater is_a: Cavity is_a: Landform [Term] id: Craton name: Craton comment: A craton is an old and stable part of the continental crust that has survived the merging and splitting of continents and supercontinents for at least 500 million years. Some are over two billion years old. Cratons are generally found in the interiors of continents and are characteristically composed of ancient crystalline basement crust of lightweight felsic igneous rock such as granite. They have a thick crust and deep roots that extend into the mantle beneath to depths of 200 km. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure ContinentalPlatform relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure IntracratonicBasin relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure Shield relationship: hasSubstance Kimberlite relationship: partOf ContinentalCrust [Term] id: Creek name: Creek is_a: Stream [Term] id: Creep name: Creep is_a: MaterialDisplacement is_a: TectonicPhenomena equivalent_to: Reptation [Term] id: Crescent name: Crescent is_a: GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: Crest name: Crest is_a: Height [Term] id: Criteria name: Criteria is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: CriticalLevel name: CriticalLevel equivalent_to: CriticalPoint [Term] id: CriticalPoint name: CriticalPoint is_a: Threshold [Term] id: CriticalZone name: CriticalZone is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: Crop name: Crop is_a: Plant [Term] id: CropMoistureIndex name: CropMoistureIndex is_a: HealthIndex [Term] id: CrossProduct name: CrossProduct is_a: Product is_a: VectorFieldOperation is_a: VectorValuedOperation [Term] id: CrossSection name: CrossSection is_a: Area equivalent_to: CrossSectionalArea [Term] id: CrossWind name: CrossWind is_a: Wind [Term] id: Crosswalk name: Crosswalk equivalent_to: VariableMapping [Term] id: Crown name: Crown is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Crust name: Crust comment: The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeosphereLayer equivalent_to: SkinLayer relationship: hasLowerBoundary Moho [Term] id: CrustMantleBoundary name: CrustMantleBoundary equivalent_to: Moho [Term] id: Cryosphere name: Cryosphere comment: The cryosphere collectively describes the portions of a planetary surface in frozen form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). [Wikipedia] is_a: Hydrosphere relationship: hasSubstance Ice relationship: hasUpperBoundary PlanetarySurface [Term] id: Cryoturbation name: Cryoturbation comment: Cryoturbation (frost churning) refers to the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil right down to the parent rock due to freezing and thawing. Cryoturbation occurs to varying degrees in most Gelisols (permafrost soils). The cause of crytoturbation lies in the way in which the repeated freezing of the soil during autumn causes the formation of ice wedges at the most easily erodible parts of the parent rock. If the parent rock is hard, this can cause quite deep erosion of the rock over many years. As this process continues, during the summer when an active layer forms in the soil this eroded material can easily move both from the soil surface downward and from the permafrost table upward. As this process occurs, the upper soil material gradually dries out (because the soil moisture moves from the warm surface layer to the colder layer at the phen of the permafrost) so that it forms a granular structure with many very distinctive crystalline shapes (such as ice lenses). Separation of coarse from fine soil materials produces distinctive patterned ground with different types of soil. is_a: Mixing relationship: hasStateChange Freezing [Term] id: Crystallization name: Crystallization comment: Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Cubic name: Cubic is_a: Polynomial [Term] id: CubicSpline name: CubicSpline is_a: Cubic [Term] id: Cumulonimbus name: Cumulonimbus comment: A principal cloud type (cloud genus), exceptionally dense and vertically developed, occurring either as isolated clouds or as a line or wall of clouds with separated upper portions. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Cumulus name: Cumulus name: Cumulus comment: A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: Curate name: Curate is_a: Collection equivalent_to: Curation [Term] id: Current name: Current is_a: ElectromagneticProcess equivalent_to: ElectricCurrent [Term] id: CurrentTime name: CurrentTime is_a: Instant [Term] id: Curvature name: Curvature is_a: SpatialProperty [Term] id: Curve name: Curve is_a: GeometricalObject_1D [Term] id: CutOffHigh name: CutOffHigh is_a: AtmosphericHighPressure [Term] id: CutOffLow name: CutOffLow comment: A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current. is_a: AtmosphericLowPressure [Term] id: Cycle name: Cycle is_a: Path is_a: Path is_a: ProperInterval relationship: hasTime Period [Term] id: Cyclogenesis name: Cyclogenesis name: Cyclogenesis comment: A physical process at the initial stage of cyclone life cycle is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Cyclone name: Cyclone is_a: LowPressure ! Low Pressure [Term] id: CyclotronRadius name: CyclotronRadius equivalent_to: Gyroradius [Term] id: Cylinder name: Cylinder is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: D name: D comment: The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. is_a: ClimateClassification [Term] id: DLayer name: DLayer comment: D" layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D_ may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] is_a: Mantle [Term] id: DO name: DO equivalent_to: DissolvedOxygen [Term] id: DOC name: DOC equivalent_to: DissolvedOrganicCarbon [Term] id: DSS name: DSS equivalent_to: DecisionSupportSystem [Term] id: Dacite name: Dacite comment: Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62% to 69% silica and moderate a mounts of sodium and potassium. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Dam name: Dam is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Damming name: Damming is_a: Front relationship: hasRealm Orography [Term] id: Damping name: Damping is_a: WaveProcess [Term] id: DampingDepth name: DampingDepth is_a: Depth [Term] id: Data name: Data is_a: Realization [Term] id: DataModel name: DataModel is_a: Model relationship: representationOf Data [Term] id: DataProduct name: DataProduct is_a: Collection [Term] id: DataService name: DataService is_a: Service [Term] id: DataStructure name: DataStructure is_a: Representation [Term] id: DataSynchronization name: DataSynchronization is_a: DataService [Term] id: Dataset name: Dataset is_a: DataProduct [Term] id: Dawn name: Dawn is_a: Twilight [Term] id: Day name: Day is_a: ProperInterval [Term] id: Daytime name: Daytime is_a: ProperInterval [Term] id: DeadZone name: DeadZone is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Death name: Death is_a: VitalActivity [Term] id: Debouche name: Debouche is_a: StreamDischarge [Term] id: Debris name: Debris is_a: Sediment [Term] id: DebrisAvalanche name: DebrisAvalanche comment: A rapid and unusually sudden sliding or flowage of unsorted masses of rock and other material. As applied to the major avalanche involved in the eruption of Mount St. Helens, a rapid mass movement that included fragmented cold and hot volcanic rock, water, snow, glacier ice, trees, and some hot pyroclastic material. Most of the May 18, 1980 deposits in the upper valley of the North Fork Toutle River and in the vicinity of Spirit Lake are from the debris avalanche. is_a: DebrisFlow [Term] id: DebrisBasin name: DebrisBasin is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: DebrisFlow name: DebrisFlow comment: A mixture of water-saturated rock debris that flows downslope under the force of gravity (also called lahar or mudflow). is_a: Mixture [Term] id: DebyeLength name: DebyeLength is_a: Distance equivalent_to: DebyeScreeningLength [Term] id: Decay name: Decay is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Decile name: Decile is_a: Percentile [Term] id: Decision name: Decision is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: DecisionActivity name: DecisionActivity is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: DecisionMaker name: DecisionMaker is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: Role [Term] id: DecisionSupportSystem name: DecisionSupportSystem is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: DecisionTree name: DecisionTree is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: Tree [Term] id: Decline name: Decline equivalent_to: Decrease [Term] id: Decomposition name: Decomposition is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Decompression name: Decompression is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Decouple name: Decouple is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Decrease name: Decrease is_a: SystemStateChange equivalent_to: Drop equivalent_to: Fall equivalent_to: Reduction [Term] id: DeepConvection name: DeepConvection is_a: Convection [Term] id: DeepFocusEarthquake name: DeepFocusEarthquake is_a: Earthquake disjoint_from: ShallowFocusEarthquake [Term] id: DeepPercolation name: DeepPercolation is_a: Percolation [Term] id: Deepening name: Deepening comment: A decrease in the central pressure of a pressure system as depicted on a constant- height chart, or an analogous decrease in height on a constant-pressure chart; the opposite of filling. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Deficit name: Deficit is_a: SystemState disjoint_from: Excess [Term] id: DefiniteIntegral name: DefiniteIntegral is_a: Error6 is_a: Integral [Term] id: DeflationZone name: DeflationZone is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Deflection name: Deflection is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Deforestation name: Deforestation is_a: LandEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Deform name: Deform equivalent_to: Deformation [Term] id: Deformation name: Deformation is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Dehydration name: Dehydration is_a: ChemicalProcess disjoint_from: Hydration [Term] id: Deionization name: Deionization is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: Delay name: Delay is_a: Interval [Term] id: Delimiter name: Delimiter is_a: Character [Term] id: Delta name: Delta comment: A delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary, lake or another river. It builds up sediment outwards into the flat area which the river's flow encounters (as a deltaic deposit) transported by the water and set down as the currents slow. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterized by the main channel dividing amongst often substantial land masses into multiple streams known as distributaries. These divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels. is_a: CoastalLandform relationship: hasRealm River [Term] id: Demand name: Demand is_a: HumanActivity is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: DemersalZone name: DemersalZone comment: The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: above BenthicZone relationship: hasRealm ProfundalZone [Term] id: Denitrification name: Denitrification is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Density name: Density comment: 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. is_a: IntensiveProperty equivalent_to: MassConcentration [Term] id: Denundation name: Denundation is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: Departure name: Departure is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: DependentVariable name: DependentVariable comment: Any variable considered as a function of other variables, the latter being called independent. is_a: Variable [Term] id: Deposit name: Deposit is_a: Accumulation [Term] id: Deposition name: Deposition comment: Phenomena by which traces gases or particles are transferred from atmosphere to a surface. is_a: Phenomena is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: Depression name: Depression is_a: Depression is_a: GeometricalObject is_a: LowPressure ! Low Pressure [Term] id: Depth name: Depth is_a: Distance is_a: VerticalExtent [Term] id: DepthFirstSearch name: DepthFirstSearch is_a: Search [Term] id: DepthHoar name: DepthHoar comment: Depth hoares are large crystals occurring at the base of a snowpack that form due to the fact that a snow crystal can grow over time as moisture freezes onto the crystal from vapor that is rising in the snowpack. is_a: IceCrystal [Term] id: DepthRange name: DepthRange is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Depth [Term] id: DepthRange_km name: DepthRange_km is_a: DepthRange [Term] id: Derecho name: Derecho comment: A widespread convectively induced straight-line windstorm. is_a: WindStorm [Term] id: Derivative name: Derivative is_a: OperationOnFunction equivalent_to: Differentiation relationship: derivativeWithRespectTo Variable relationship: hasOutput Function relationship: isDerivativeOf Function [Term] id: DerivedRule name: DerivedRule is_a: InferenceRule [Term] id: Desalinization name: Desalinization is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Descent name: Descent is_a: Arrival [Term] id: Desert name: Desert comment: A desert is a landscape form or region that receives very little precipitation. is_a: AeolianLandform [Term] id: DesertClimateZone name: DesertClimateZone is_a: ClimateZoneType [Term] id: DesertWind name: DesertWind comment: A wind blowing from the desert. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Desert [Term] id: Desertification name: Desertification is_a: LandEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Destruction name: Destruction is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Detritus name: Detritus is_a: Biomass [Term] id: Development name: Development is_a: Evolution is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Deviation name: Deviation is_a: Difference is_a: Error [Term] id: Dew name: Dew is_a: LiquidWater [Term] id: DewPoint name: DewPoint comment: The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur. is_a: Temperature equivalent_to: DewPointTemperature [Term] id: DewPointDepression name: DewPointDepression is_a: Subtraction is_a: Temperature relationship: hasFirstOperand DryBulbTemperature relationship: hasSecondOperand DewPointTemperature [Term] id: Diagenesis name: Diagenesis comment: In geology and oceanography, diagenesis is any chemical, physical, or biological change undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering) and metamorphism. These changes happen at relatively low temperatures and pressures and result in changes to the rock's original mineralogy and texture. The boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism, which occurs under conditions of higher temperature and pressure, is gradational. After deposition, sediments are compacted as they are buried beneath successive layers of sediment and cemented by minerals that precipitate from solution. Grains of sediment, rock fragments and fossils can be replaced by other minerals during diagenesis. Porosity usually decreases during diagenesis, except in rare cases such as dissolution of minerals and dolomitization. is_a: Consolidation is_a: SedimentFormation [Term] id: Diapir name: Diapir is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: DielectricConstant name: DielectricConstant is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: PhysicalConstant [Term] id: Difference name: Difference is_a: Difference is_a: ExperimentActivity equivalent_to: Subtraction [Term] id: DifferentialPressure name: DifferentialPressure is_a: Pressure [Term] id: DifferentialRotation name: DifferentialRotation is_a: Rotation [Term] id: Differentiation name: Differentiation is_a: GeologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Diffraction name: Diffraction is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: Diffuse name: Diffuse equivalent_to: Diffusion [Term] id: Diffusion name: Diffusion is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Dig name: Dig is_a: Extraction [Term] id: Digraph name: Digraph equivalent_to: DirectedGraph [Term] id: Dike name: Dike comment: Dikes, long, planar (sheet) igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore often form in large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. [Wikipedia] is_a: Bank is_a: PlutonicStructure equivalent_to: Dyke equivalent_to: Embankment equivalent_to: FloodBank equivalent_to: Levee equivalent_to: RaisedBank [Term] id: Dilution name: Dilution is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Dimension name: Dimension comment: In common usage, a dimension is a parameter or measurement used to describe some relevant characteristic of an object. The most commonly used dimensions are the parameters describing the size of an object: length, width, and height, but dimensions can also be other physical parameters such as the mass and electric charge of an object, or even, in a context where cost is relevant, an economic parameter such as its price. is_a: Representation [Term] id: DimensionlessRatio name: DimensionlessRatio is_a: Ratio [Term] id: Dipole name: Dipole is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Dirac name: Dirac is_a: Function [Term] id: DirectUse name: DirectUse is_a: PhysicalProcess disjoint_from: EnergyConversionProcess relationship: hasEnergyProduct Heat [Term] id: DirectedGraph name: DirectedGraph is_a: Error22 is_a: Graph disjoint_from: UndirectedGraph [Term] id: Direction name: Direction is_a: Vector_3D equivalent_to: Inclination [Term] id: Discharge name: Discharge is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: Discontinuity name: Discontinuity equivalent_to: Discontinuous [Term] id: Discontinuous name: Discontinuous comment: A point in the range of a function at which it is undefined or not continuous [Wiktionary] is_a: Function [Term] id: Discover name: Discover is_a: DataService equivalent_to: Discovery equivalent_to: DiscoveryService [Term] id: Discrete name: Discrete is_a: Function equivalent_to: DiscreteFunction [Term] id: Disease name: Disease is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Disintegrate name: Disintegrate is_a: Failure equivalent_to: Disintegration [Term] id: Dislocation name: Dislocation is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Dispersion name: Dispersion is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: DispersionCoeffienct name: DispersionCoeffienct is_a: MaterialProperty relationship: measureOf Dispersivity [Term] id: Dispersivity name: Dispersivity is_a: MaterialProperty [Term] id: Displacement name: Displacement is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: DisposalWell name: DisposalWell is_a: Well [Term] id: Disruption name: Disruption is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Dissipate name: Dissipate is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Dissipation name: Dissipation is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: Dissolution name: Dissolution comment: Dissolution or solvation is the process of dissolving a solid substance into a solvent to yield a solution. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalProcess equivalent_to: Solvation [Term] id: DissolvedConcentration name: DissolvedConcentration is_a: MassConcentration [Term] id: DissolvedGas name: DissolvedGas is_a: DissolvedSubstance [Term] id: DissolvedLoad name: DissolvedLoad is_a: DissolvedSolid is_a: Load [Term] id: DissolvedOrganicCarbon name: DissolvedOrganicCarbon is_a: DissolvedSubstance [Term] id: DissolvedOxygen name: DissolvedOxygen is_a: DissolvedSubstance [Term] id: DissolvedSolid name: DissolvedSolid is_a: DissolvedSubstance is_a: SolidSubstance [Term] id: DissolvedSubstance name: DissolvedSubstance is_a: Substance [Term] id: Distance name: Distance is_a: Length [Term] id: DistanceRange name: DistanceRange is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Distance [Term] id: DistanceRange_km name: DistanceRange_km is_a: DistanceRange [Term] id: Distortion name: Distortion is_a: Error is_a: Noise is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: DistributionFunction name: DistributionFunction is_a: NormalizedFunction [Term] id: Disturbance name: Disturbance is_a: Error is_a: Variation [Term] id: DiurnalCycle name: DiurnalCycle is_a: GlobalCycle [Term] id: DiurnalMovement name: DiurnalMovement is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Divergence name: Divergence comment: The expansion or spreading out of a vector field; also, a precise measure thereof. is_a: VectorFieldOperation relationship: hasInput ScalarField relationship: hasOutput VectorField [Term] id: DivergentBoundary name: DivergentBoundary comment: In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlateBoundary equivalent_to: DivergentPlateBoundary [Term] id: Diversity name: Diversity is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: DivideAndConquer name: DivideAndConquer is_a: Algorithm [Term] id: Division name: Division is_a: BinaryOperation equivalent_to: Quotient [Term] id: Documentation name: Documentation is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Doldrums name: Doldrums comment: A nautical term for the equatorial trough, with special reference to the light and variable nature of the winds. is_a: ClimateZoneType [Term] id: Dome name: Dome is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Dominance name: Dominance is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: DominantSpecies name: DominantSpecies is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: DopplerVelocity name: DopplerVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Dosage name: Dosage is_a: Mass equivalent_to: Dose [Term] id: DotProduct name: DotProduct is_a: Product is_a: ScalarValuedOperation is_a: VectorFieldOperation [Term] id: Double name: Double is_a: UnaryOperation [Term] id: DoublingTime name: DoublingTime is_a: Duration [Term] id: DouglasFir name: DouglasFir is_a: Tree [Term] id: Downdraft name: Downdraft comment: Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. is_a: Wind [Term] id: DownslopeWind name: DownslopeWind comment: A wind directed down a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: DownslopeWindStorm name: DownslopeWindStorm comment: A very strong, usually gusty, and occasionally, violent wind that blows down the lee slope of a mountain range, often reaching its peak strength near the foot of the mountains and weakening rapidly father away from the mountains.\n is_a: DownslopeWind [Term] id: Downwelling name: Downwelling is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: Drain name: Drain is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: Drainage name: Drainage is_a: Removal [Term] id: DrainageBasin name: DrainageBasin equivalent_to: Watershed [Term] id: DrainageWell name: DrainageWell is_a: Well [Term] id: DrainageWind name: DrainageWind is_a: Wind [Term] id: Drawdown name: Drawdown is_a: Depth [Term] id: Drift name: Drift is_a: Trend is_a: Velocity [Term] id: DriftIce name: DriftIce is_a: SeaIce disjoint_from: FastIce [Term] id: Drill name: Drill is_a: Extraction [Term] id: DrillingMud name: DrillingMud is_a: Mud [Term] id: DrinkingWater name: DrinkingWater is_a: HumanNeed is_a: WaterMixture [Term] id: Drizzle name: Drizzle comment: Very small, numerous, and uniformly distributed water drops that may appear to float while following air currents. is_a: Rainfall [Term] id: DrizzleDrop name: DrizzleDrop is_a: Drop [Term] id: Drop name: Drop is_a: LiquidWater [Term] id: Drought name: Drought is_a: ClimateAnomaly [Term] id: DroughtIndex name: DroughtIndex is_a: ClimateIndicator relationship: measureOf Drought [Term] id: DryAdiabaticLapseRate name: DryAdiabaticLapseRate comment: A process lapse rate of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium. is_a: LapseRate [Term] id: DryBulbTemperature name: DryBulbTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: DryConvection name: DryConvection is_a: Convection [Term] id: DryLake name: DryLake equivalent_to: Playa [Term] id: DrySeason name: DrySeason is_a: Season [Term] id: DrySteam name: DrySteam is_a: GeothermalPowerProcess relationship: hasEnergySource Steam [Term] id: DryWeight name: DryWeight is_a: Mass [Term] id: DryWinterClimate name: DryWinterClimate is_a: ClimateClassification [Term] id: Dryland name: Dryland is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Dryline name: Dryline comment: A low-level mesoscale boundary or transition zone hundreds of kilometers in length and up to tens of kilometers in width separating dry air from moist air. is_a: Front [Term] id: Ductibility name: Ductibility is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: Dune name: Dune comment: A dune is a hill of sand built by eolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Most kinds of dune are longer on the windward side where the sand is pushed up the dune, and a shorter slip face in the lee of the wind. The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack. A dune field is an area covered by extensive sand dunes. Large dune fields are known as ergs is_a: AeolianLandform equivalent_to: SandDune relationship: hasSubstance Sand [Term] id: Duration name: Duration is_a: Interval is_a: TemporalRange equivalent_to: DurationDescription equivalent_to: TemporalEntity equivalent_to: TimeInterval [Term] id: Dusk name: Dusk is_a: Twilight [Term] id: Dust name: Dust is_a: SolidSubstance [Term] id: DustDevil name: DustDevil is_a: DustStorm [Term] id: DustStorm name: DustStorm is_a: LocalWind relationship: hasSubstance Dust [Term] id: DynamicProgramming name: DynamicProgramming is_a: Solution [Term] id: DynamicTopography name: DynamicTopography is_a: Topography [Term] id: DynamicViscosity name: DynamicViscosity equivalent_to: Viscosity [Term] id: DynamicalPhenomena name: DynamicalPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: Dynamics name: Dynamics is_a: Physics [Term] id: Dynamo name: Dynamo is_a: ElectromagneticProcess [Term] id: E name: E is_a: ClimateClassification [Term] id: EFoldingTime name: EFoldingTime is_a: Duration [Term] id: ENSO name: ENSO equivalent_to: ElNinoSouthernOscillation equivalent_to: SouthernOscillation [Term] id: EPI name: EPI equivalent_to: EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex [Term] id: ESDR name: ESDR equivalent_to: EarthScienceDataRecord [Term] id: ESI name: ESI equivalent_to: EnvironmentalSustainabilityIndex [Term] id: EarthEasternBoundaryCurrent name: EarthEasternBoundaryCurrent is_a: EarthOceanCurrent is_a: EasternBoundaryCurrent [Term] id: EarthOcean name: EarthOcean is_a: Ocean [Term] id: EarthOceanCurrent name: EarthOceanCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: EarthOscillation name: EarthOscillation is_a: PlanetaryOscillation [Term] id: EarthScienceDataRecord name: EarthScienceDataRecord is_a: Collection [Term] id: EarthWesternBoundaryCurrent name: EarthWesternBoundaryCurrent is_a: EarthOceanCurrent is_a: WesternBoundaryCurrent [Term] id: Earthquake name: Earthquake comment: Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. [Wikipedia] is_a: SeismicPhenomena [Term] id: EarthquakeScale name: EarthquakeScale is_a: LogarithmicScale relationship: hasPhenomena Earthquake [Term] id: Earthy name: Earthy comment: a fracture that produces a texture similar to broken children's clay. It is found in minerals that are generally massive and loosely consolidated. is_a: Fracture [Term] id: EasterlyWave name: EasterlyWave comment: A migratory wavelike disturbance of the tropical easterlies. is_a: AtmosphericWave relationship: hasPhenomena EasterlyWind [Term] id: EasterlyWind name: EasterlyWind is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: EasternBoundaryCurrent name: EasternBoundaryCurrent is_a: BoundaryCurrent [Term] id: Echo name: Echo comment: In radar, a general term for the appearance, on a radar display, of the radio signal scattered or reflected from a target. The characteristics of a radar echo are determined by 1) the waveform, frequency, and power of the incident wave; 2) the range and velocity of the target with respect to the radar; and 3) the size, shape, and composition of the target. is_a: Reflection [Term] id: Ecnephias name: Ecnephias comment: A squall or thunderstorm in the Mediterranean. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: EcologicalDynamics name: EcologicalDynamics is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: EcologicalPhenomena name: EcologicalPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: Ecology name: Ecology is_a: Biology [Term] id: Economics name: Economics is_a: BehavioralScience [Term] id: EcosystemHealth name: EcosystemHealth is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: EcosystemService name: EcosystemService is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Eddy name: Eddy comment: In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing water on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is most visible behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers. is_a: FluidPhenomena [Term] id: EddyDiffusion name: EddyDiffusion is_a: Diffusion [Term] id: Edge name: Edge is_a: Error21 is_a: StructuralComponent [Term] id: EducationalLevel name: EducationalLevel is_a: Level [Term] id: EffectiveTemperature name: EffectiveTemperature comment: The temperature at which motionless saturated air would induce, in a sedentary worker wearing ordinary indoor clothing, the same sensation of comfort as that induced by the actual conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Effective temperature is used as a guide in air-conditioning practice, and, on the comfort chart (American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers), it appears as a family of curves that serves as one coordinate in defining comfort zones. is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Efficiency name: Efficiency is_a: Measure [Term] id: Effluent name: Effluent is_a: WaterMixture [Term] id: Ejecta name: Ejecta comment: In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixture [Term] id: ElNinoSouthernOscillation name: ElNinoSouthernOscillation comment: A significant increase in sea surface temperature over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals, generally ranging between two and seven years. is_a: EarthOscillation relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: Elasticity name: Elasticity is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: ElectricCharge name: ElectricCharge is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ElectricChargeDensity name: ElectricChargeDensity is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ElectricCurrent name: ElectricCurrent is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ElectricCurrentDensity name: ElectricCurrentDensity is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ElectricDipoleMoment name: ElectricDipoleMoment is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: VectorQuantity [Term] id: ElectricFieldStrength name: ElectricFieldStrength is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: ElectricFluxDensity name: ElectricFluxDensity is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: Flux [Term] id: ElectricPotential name: ElectricPotential is_a: ScalarPotential relationship: measureOf ChargeDistribution [Term] id: Electricity name: Electricity is_a: EnergyForm equivalent_to: PowerSource [Term] id: ElectricityProduction name: ElectricityProduction is_a: EnergyConversionProcess relationship: hasEnergyProduct Electricity [Term] id: Electrolysis name: Electrolysis comment: Electrolysis is a method of using an electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: ElectromagneticInduction name: ElectromagneticInduction is_a: ElectromagneticProcess equivalent_to: Induction [Term] id: ElectromagneticProcess name: ElectromagneticProcess is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: ElectromagneticProperty name: ElectromagneticProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: ElectromagneticQuantity name: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: ElectromagneticRadiation name: ElectromagneticRadiation is_a: PhysicalProcess is_a: Wave equivalent_to: ElectromagneticWave [Term] id: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty name: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty relationship: hasProcess RadiativeTransfer [Term] id: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity name: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: ElectromagneticSpectrum name: ElectromagneticSpectrum comment: The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum (usually just spectrum) of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that object. is_a: SpectralBand [Term] id: Electron name: Electron is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: ElectronTemperature name: ElectronTemperature is_a: Temperature relationship: hasSubstance Electron [Term] id: Element name: Element comment: A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons. [Wikipedia] is_a: Chemical [Term] id: ElevatedConvection name: ElevatedConvection comment: Convection that originates from an atmospheric layer above the boundary layer. is_a: Convection [Term] id: Elevation name: Elevation is_a: Height [Term] id: Ellipse name: Ellipse is_a: ConicSection [Term] id: Ellipsoid name: Ellipsoid is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Elongate name: Elongate equivalent_to: Stretch [Term] id: Elongation name: Elongation equivalent_to: Stretch [Term] id: Emergence name: Emergence equivalent_to: Emergent [Term] id: EmergencyVehicle name: EmergencyVehicle is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Emergent name: Emergent is_a: SystemStateChange equivalent_to: EmergentPhenomenon [Term] id: Emission name: Emission is_a: WaveProcess [Term] id: Emulate name: Emulate equivalent_to: Simulate [Term] id: EndTime name: EndTime is_a: Instant [Term] id: EndToEndEnvironment name: EndToEndEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting disjoint_from: LaboratoryEnvironment [Term] id: EndangeredSpecies name: EndangeredSpecies is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: EnergeticParticle name: EnergeticParticle is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: Energy name: Energy is_a: ExtensiveProperty [Term] id: EnergyBudget name: EnergyBudget is_a: Budget relationship: hasProperty Energy [Term] id: EnergyCollection name: EnergyCollection is_a: EnergyForm [Term] id: EnergyCollector name: EnergyCollector is_a: Infrastructure [Term] id: EnergyConservation name: EnergyConservation is_a: Conservation [Term] id: EnergyConversionDevice name: EnergyConversionDevice is_a: Infrastructure [Term] id: EnergyConversionProcess name: EnergyConversionProcess is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: EnergyDensity name: EnergyDensity comment: Energy per unit area. is_a: IntensiveProperty is_a: Ratio relationship: hasFirstOperand Energy relationship: hasSecondOperand Area [Term] id: EnergyDistributionSystem name: EnergyDistributionSystem is_a: Infrastructure [Term] id: EnergyEndUse name: EnergyEndUse is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: EnergyFlux name: EnergyFlux is_a: Flux relationship: transportOf Energy [Term] id: EnergyFlux_Wm2 name: EnergyFlux_Wm2 is_a: EnergyFlux [Term] id: EnergyForm name: EnergyForm is_a: Energy [Term] id: EnergySource name: EnergySource is_a: Energy [Term] id: EnergyStorage name: EnergyStorage is_a: Storage [Term] id: Enforcement name: Enforcement is_a: GovtActivity [Term] id: EngineeringActivity name: EngineeringActivity is_a: Production [Term] id: Enrichment name: Enrichment is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Ensemble name: Ensemble is_a: Collection [Term] id: EnsembleForecast name: EnsembleForecast comment: A set of different forecasts all valid at the same forecast time(s). is_a: Forecast [Term] id: Enthalpy name: Enthalpy is_a: ChemicalEnergy [Term] id: Entrainment name: Entrainment is_a: PhysicalProcess relationship: hasPhenomena Mixing [Term] id: Entropy name: Entropy is_a: Energy [Term] id: Envelope name: Envelope is_a: Layer [Term] id: Environment name: Environment is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: EnvironmentalControlObjective name: EnvironmentalControlObjective is_a: ControlStrategy is_a: Objective [Term] id: EnvironmentalImpact name: EnvironmentalImpact is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: EnvironmentalIndex name: EnvironmentalIndex is_a: Index [Term] id: EnvironmentalIndicator name: EnvironmentalIndicator is_a: Index [Term] id: EnvironmentalLapseRate name: EnvironmentalLapseRate comment: The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation is_a: LapseRate [Term] id: EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex name: EnvironmentalPerformanceIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: EnvironmentalSustainabilityIndex name: EnvironmentalSustainabilityIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: Eon name: Eon comment: Supereons are divided into eons. [billions of years] [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit relationship: temporalPartOf Supereon [Term] id: Epicenter name: Epicenter is_a: Center [Term] id: Epidemic name: Epidemic comment: In epidemiology, an epidemic is a classification of a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during a specified period of time is called the incidence rate). is_a: Disease [Term] id: Epidemiology name: Epidemiology is_a: Biology relationship: studyOf Disease [Term] id: Episode name: Episode is_a: Exposure equivalent_to: Episodic [Term] id: Epoch name: Epoch comment: Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit relationship: temporalPartOf Period [Term] id: Equation name: Equation comment: An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are exactly the same (or equivalent). [Wikipedia] is_a: Relation [Term] id: Equator name: Equator is_a: TropicalClimateZone [Term] id: EquilibriumState name: EquilibriumState is_a: SystemState [Term] id: Equinox name: Equinox is_a: Instant [Term] id: Equipment name: Equipment is_a: Infrastructure [Term] id: EquivalentPotentialTemperature name: EquivalentPotentialTemperature is_a: PotentialTemperature [Term] id: EquivalentTemperature name: EquivalentTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: EquivalentThickness name: EquivalentThickness is_a: Thickness [Term] id: Era name: Era comment: Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit relationship: temporalPartOf Eon [Term] id: Erg name: Erg is_a: AeolianLandform [Term] id: Erode name: Erode comment: Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). is_a: SolidPhenomena equivalent_to: Erosion [Term] id: Error name: Error is_a: Metric [Term] id: ErrorBar name: ErrorBar is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Error [Term] id: ErrorPropagation name: ErrorPropagation is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: EscapeVelocity name: EscapeVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Estimate name: Estimate is_a: Prediction [Term] id: EstimatedCeiling name: EstimatedCeiling comment: After U.S.weather observing practice, the ceiling classification applied to a ceiling height that is determined in any of the following ways: 1) by means of a convective-cloud height diagram or dewpoint formula; 2) from the known heights of unobscured portions of natural landmarks, or objects more than one and one-half nautical miles from any runway of the airport; 3) on the basis of observational experience, provided the sky is not obscured by surface-based hydrometeors or lithometeors, and other guides are lacking or considered unreliable; or 4) determined by ceilometer or ceiling light when the penetration of the light beam is in excess of normal for the particular height and type of layer, or when the elevation angle of the clinometer or ceilometer-detector scanner exceeds 84?. is_a: Ceiling [Term] id: Estuary name: Estuary comment: An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are often associated with high rates of biological productivity. An estuary is where the river meets the sea. An estuary is typically the tidal mouth of a river, and estuaries are often characterized by sedimentation or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff and, frequently, from offshore. They are made up of brackish water. Estuaries are more likely to occur on submerged coasts, where the sea level has risen in relation to the land; this process floods valleys to form rias and fjords. These can become estuaries if there is a stream or river flowing into them. is_a: BodyOfWater relationship: hasSubstance BrackishWater relationship: hasSubstance Sediment [Term] id: Ethanol name: Ethanol is_a: Biofuel [Term] id: EulerianWind name: EulerianWind comment: In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force.\n is_a: Wind [Term] id: EuphoticZone name: EuphoticZone equivalent_to: PhoticZone [Term] id: Eutrophication name: Eutrophication is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Evacuation name: Evacuation is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Evaluation name: Evaluation is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Evaporation name: Evaporation is_a: Vaporization [Term] id: EvaporationFog name: EvaporationFog comment: Fog formed as a result of evaporation of water that is warmer than the air. is_a: Fog relationship: hasStateChange Evaporation [Term] id: EvaporativeAvailablePotentialEnergy name: EvaporativeAvailablePotentialEnergy comment: Analogous to convective available potential energy, except that it is related to the negative buoyancy associated with evaporative cooling of liquid water within a sinking cloudy air parcel. is_a: AvailablePotentialEnergy relationship: hasStateChange Evaporation [Term] id: Evapotranspiration name: Evapotranspiration is_a: Thickness [Term] id: Evening name: Evening is_a: Nighttime [Term] id: Event name: Event is_a: Phenomena equivalent_to: Occurrence [Term] id: Evergreen name: Evergreen is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Evidence name: Evidence is_a: Assessment [Term] id: Evolution name: Evolution is_a: EcologicalDynamics is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Excavate name: Excavate is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Excess name: Excess is_a: SystemState [Term] id: Exchange name: Exchange is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: ExchangeCapacity name: ExchangeCapacity is_a: ReactionProperty [Term] id: Excitation name: Excitation is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: Excretion name: Excretion is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Exfoliation name: Exfoliation is_a: Weathering [Term] id: ExhaustiveSearch name: ExhaustiveSearch is_a: Search [Term] id: ExnerFunction name: ExnerFunction is_a: Pressure [Term] id: Exotic name: Exotic is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Expanding name: Expanding equivalent_to: Expansion [Term] id: Expansion name: Expansion is_a: PhysicalProcess is_a: Solution [Term] id: Experiment name: Experiment is_a: Investigation [Term] id: ExperimentActivity name: ExperimentActivity is_a: Experiment [Term] id: Exploration name: Exploration is_a: EngineeringActivity [Term] id: Exponent name: Exponent is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: ExponentialDecay name: ExponentialDecay is_a: ExponentialFunction [Term] id: ExponentialFunction name: ExponentialFunction is_a: TranscendentalFunction [Term] id: ExponentialGrowth name: ExponentialGrowth is_a: ExponentialFunction [Term] id: Exposure name: Exposure is_a: BiologicalPhenomena is_a: Interval [Term] id: ExtendedForecast name: ExtendedForecast comment: A forecast of weather conditions for a period extending beyond three or more days from the day of issuance. is_a: WeatherForecast [Term] id: Extension name: Extension is_a: SolidPhenomena is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: ExtensionEvent name: ExtensionEvent comment: An extension event occurs when a seismic event causes an extension in the crust. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: ExtensiveProperty name: ExtensiveProperty is_a: Quantity disjoint_from: IntensiveProperty [Term] id: Externality name: Externality is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: Extinction name: Extinction is_a: EnvironmentalImpact equivalent_to: SpeciesExtinction [Term] id: ExtinctionCoefficient name: ExtinctionCoefficient comment: The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. is_a: SpatialFrequency [Term] id: Extraction name: Extraction is_a: EngineeringActivity equivalent_to: ResourceExtraction [Term] id: Extraterrestrial name: Extraterrestrial comment: A body or substance which does not originate from Earth. [Wikipedia] is_a: AstronomicalBody [Term] id: ExtratropicalCyclone name: ExtratropicalCyclone comment: Any cyclonic-scale storm that is not a tropical cyclone, usually referring only to the migratory frontal cyclones of middle and high latitudes. is_a: AtmosphericCyclone [Term] id: ExtremeEvent name: ExtremeEvent is_a: Event [Term] id: ExtrusiveRock name: ExtrusiveRock comment: Magma that has erupted onto the surface of the earth and cooled suffciently to form solid rock. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: FMode name: FMode is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave is_a: SolarPhenomena is_a: SurfaceWave [Term] id: Fabric name: Fabric is_a: Configuration [Term] id: Failure name: Failure is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: FallWind name: FallWind comment: A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. is_a: KatabaticWind is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: Falling name: Falling is_a: Force [Term] id: FalseWarmSector name: FalseWarmSector comment: The sector, in a horizontal plane, between the occluded front and a secondary cold-front of an occluded cyclone. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: FamilyOfTornadoes name: FamilyOfTornadoes comment: A sequence of long-lived tornadoes produced by a cyclic supercell storm. Tornadoes touch down at quasi-regular intervals (typically 45 min). Usually a new tornado develops in a new mesocyclone just after an old tornado has decayed in an old, occluded neighboring mesocyclone. Sometimes, two successive tornadoes may overlap in time for a few minutes. The two mesocyclones may rotate partially around each other. If the damage tracks of the tornadoes appear to form a wavy broken line, the family is classified as a series mode. In the more common parallel-mode family, the damage tracks are parallel arcs with each new tornado forming on the right side of its predecessor. The parallel mode is subcategorized into left turn and right turn, according to the direction in which the paths curve. is_a: Cluster relationship: clusterOf Tornado [Term] id: Fanning name: Fanning comment: A pattern of smokestack plume dispersion in a statically stable atmosphere, in which the plume spreads out in the horizontal like an oriental fan and meanders about at a fixed height with little vertical spread.\n is_a: Plume [Term] id: FastIce name: FastIce is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: Fault name: Fault comment: In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane. is_a: Fracture equivalent_to: FaultLine [Term] id: FaultZone name: FaultZone equivalent_to: FractureZone [Term] id: Federal name: Federal equivalent_to: FederalGoverningBody [Term] id: FederalGoverningBody name: FederalGoverningBody is_a: GoverningBody relationship: hasJurisdiction Country [Term] id: Feed name: Feed is_a: Food [Term] id: Feedback name: Feedback is_a: SelfRegulation [Term] id: Feeding name: Feeding is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Felsic name: Felsic comment: Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. The term combines the words "feldspar" and "silica." Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. The most common felsic rock is granite. On the opposite side of the rock spectrum are the iron and magnesium-rich mafic and ultramafic minerals and rocks. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock disjoint_from: Mafic [Term] id: Fern name: Fern is_a: Plant [Term] id: Fertility name: Fertility is_a: Rate [Term] id: Fertilization name: Fertilization is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Fertilizer name: Fertilizer is_a: Biomass [Term] id: Fetch name: Fetch is_a: Distance [Term] id: FickianDiffusion name: FickianDiffusion is_a: Diffusion [Term] id: Fideltiy name: Fideltiy is_a: Measure [Term] id: Field name: Field comment: Field (agriculture), an area of land used to cultivate crops, or to keep livestock [Wikipedia] is_a: DataModel is_a: Function is_a: Landform relationship: hasSpatialDistribution Quantity [Term] id: FieldOfView name: FieldOfView is_a: AngularExtent [Term] id: FieldStrength name: FieldStrength is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: Filament name: Filament comment: If a solar prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar filaments. is_a: Prominence [Term] id: FillValue name: FillValue is_a: Value [Term] id: Filter name: Filter is_a: Function [Term] id: FiniteElement name: FiniteElement is_a: Model [Term] id: Fiord name: Fiord equivalent_to: Fjord [Term] id: FireWeatherIndex name: FireWeatherIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: Firn name: Firn comment: Firn is partially-compacted nŽvŽ, a type of snow that has been left over from past seasons and has been recrystallized into a substance denser than nŽvŽ. It is ice that is at an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice. Firn has the appearance of wet sugar, but has a hardness that makes it extremely resistant to shovelling. It generally has a density greater than 550 kg/m? and is often found underneath the snow that accumulates at the head of a glacier. is_a: IceCrystal [Term] id: Fissure name: Fissure is_a: Crack [Term] id: Fixation name: Fixation is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Fjord name: Fjord comment: A fjord (or fiord) is a long, narrow estuary with steep sides, made when a glacial valley is filled by rising sea water levels. The seeds of a fjord are laid when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley through abrasion of the surrounding bedrock by the sediment it carries. Many such valleys were formed during recent ice age when the sea was at a much lower level than it is today. At the end of the ice age, the climate warmed up again and glaciers retreated. Sea level rose due to an influx of water from melting ice sheets and glaciers around the world (it rose over 100 m after the last ice age), inundating the vacated valleys with seawater to form fjords. is_a: Estuary relationship: hasRealm Glacier relationship: hasRealm Valley [Term] id: Flank name: Flank is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: FlankingLine name: FlankingLine comment: An organized lifting zone of cumulus and towering cumulus clouds, connected to and extending outward from the mature updraft tower of a supercell or strong multicell convective storm. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Cumulonimbus relationship: hasPhenomena Cumulus ! Cumulus [Term] id: Flare name: Flare comment: A flare is a violent explosion in the atmosphere of a star. Flares take place in the corona and chromosphere, heating plasma to tens of millions of kelvins and accelerating electrons, protons and heavier ions to near the speed of light. They produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays Most flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields emerge from the surface into the corona. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: FlareClass name: FlareClass is_a: PhysicalProperty relationship: measureOf EnergyFlux [Term] id: Flash name: Flash is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: FlashFlood name: FlashFlood is_a: ExtremeEvent is_a: Flood [Term] id: FlashSteam name: FlashSteam is_a: GeothermalPowerProcess relationship: hasEnergySource LiquidWater [Term] id: FlatPlateCollector name: FlatPlateCollector is_a: EnergyCollector [Term] id: Flexure name: Flexure is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: Flicker name: Flicker is_a: Noise [Term] id: Flight name: Flight is_a: AirTransportation [Term] id: FlightLevel name: FlightLevel comment: In aviation, a Flight Level (FL) is a standard nominal altitude of an aircraft, referenced to a world-wide fixed pressure datum of 1013.25 hPa or the equivalent setting, 29.921 inHg (the average sea-level pressure). It is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's true altitude above mean sea level. is_a: Altitude ! Altitude [Term] id: FlippingPoint name: FlippingPoint equivalent_to: TippingPoint [Term] id: Flocculation name: Flocculation is_a: Force [Term] id: Floe name: Floe is_a: SeaIce equivalent_to: IceFloe [Term] id: Flood name: Flood is_a: HydrospherePhenomena is_a: Inundation [Term] id: FloodBasalt name: FloodBasalt comment: A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia] is_a: Landform [Term] id: FloodPlain name: FloodPlain is_a: FluvialPlain [Term] id: Flora name: Flora is_a: Plant [Term] id: Flow name: Flow is_a: FluidPhenomena is_a: Motion is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: FlowChart name: FlowChart is_a: Solution [Term] id: FlowProperty name: FlowProperty is_a: SystemProperty [Term] id: FloweringPlant name: FloweringPlant is_a: Plant [Term] id: Fluctuation name: Fluctuation is_a: Variation [Term] id: FluidHead name: FluidHead is_a: FluidProperty is_a: Thickness [Term] id: FluidInstability name: FluidInstability is_a: FluidPhenomena is_a: Instability [Term] id: FluidPhenomena name: FluidPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: FluidProperty name: FluidProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: FluidWave name: FluidWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: Fluorescence name: Fluorescence comment: Fluorescence is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations or heat. Usually the absorbed photon is in the ultraviolet range, and the emitted light is in the visible range, but this depends on the absorbance curve and Stokes shift of the particular fluorophore. Fluorescence is named after the mineral fluorite, composed of calcium fluoride, which often exhibits this phenomenon. is_a: Luminescence [Term] id: Flushing name: Flushing is_a: Force [Term] id: Fluvial name: Fluvial comment: Fluvial is used in geography and earth science to refer to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicalPhenomena [Term] id: FluvialLandform name: FluvialLandform is_a: Landform [Term] id: FluvialPlain name: FluvialPlain is_a: Plain [Term] id: Flux name: Flux comment: The rate of flow of some quantity, often used in reference to the flow of some form of energy. is_a: VectorQuantity [Term] id: FluxCorrection name: FluxCorrection is_a: PhysicalApproximation [Term] id: FluxDensity name: FluxDensity is_a: Flux equivalent_to: Intensity [Term] id: FluxTube name: FluxTube is_a: Tube [Term] id: FlyschBasin name: FlyschBasin comment: Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rocks that is deposited in a deep marine facies in the foreland basin of a developing orogen. Flysch is formed under deep marine circumstances, in a quiet and low-energetic depositional environment. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Focii name: Focii equivalent_to: Focus [Term] id: Focus name: Focus is_a: Location [Term] id: Foehn name: Foehn comment: A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range. is_a: MountainWind relationship: hasProcess Heating [Term] id: FoehnCloud name: FoehnCloud comment: Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. is_a: Cloud equivalent_to: FoehnWall equivalent_to: Moazagotl relationship: hasPhenomena Foehn [Term] id: FoehnWall name: FoehnWall comment: The leeward edge of the orographic stratiform cap cloud as seen from the lee side of a mountain barrier, preceding or during a foehn or chinook event. The edge is generally abrupt and resembles a wall of cloud (?foehnwand? in German). This cloud often signifies the occurrence of orographic precipitation, especially snowfall in the cold season, over the peaks. See foehn cloud. [Term] id: FoehnWave name: FoehnWave comment: Mountain waves, lee waves, or trapped lee waves in the air stream flowing over the mountain barrier that occur in association with foehn conditions. The Moazagotl is one example of a foehn wave made visible by lee-wave clouds. is_a: MountainWave [Term] id: Fog name: Fog comment: Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. is_a: Stratiform relationship: hasRealm PlanetarySurface [Term] id: FogWind name: FogWind comment: The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. is_a: Squall relationship: hasPhenomena Fog [Term] id: Fold name: Fold comment: The term fold is used in geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of plastic (i.e. permanent) deformation. is_a: Deformation [Term] id: Food name: Food is_a: Biomass [Term] id: FoodChain name: FoodChain is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: FoodWebDynamics name: FoodWebDynamics is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Foothill name: Foothill is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: Footprint name: Footprint is_a: Area [Term] id: Footwall name: Footwall is_a: GeologicFeature disjoint_from: HangingWall relationship: below Fault relationship: partOf FractureZone [Term] id: Foraging name: Foraging is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Forano name: Forano comment: A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. is_a: SeaBreeze [Term] id: Force name: Force is_a: IntensiveProperty is_a: Process [Term] id: ForcedCloud name: ForcedCloud comment: Small cumulus clouds that are everywhere negatively buoyant compared to the surrounding environment, but that exist because the inertia of the rising thermals feeding them from underneath is sufficient to penetrate the lifting condensation level (LCL). Morphologically, these are often cumulus humilis clouds and are typically found at the top of the convective boundary layer during daytime over land, when a strong temperature inversion aloft prevents the clouds from growing deeper. Compare active cloud, passive cloud. is_a: Cumulus ! Cumulus [Term] id: ForeArc name: ForeArc comment: A forearc is a depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] is_a: Arc is_a: SupraSubductionZoneComplex [Term] id: ForeArcBasin name: ForeArcBasin comment: A forearc is a depression (basin) in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Forecast name: Forecast is_a: Prediction [Term] id: ForelandBasin name: ForelandBasin comment: A foreland basin is a depression that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Foreshock name: Foreshock is_a: Earthquake [Term] id: Forest name: Forest is_a: Graph [Term] id: ForestFireDangerIndex name: ForestFireDangerIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: ForestProduct name: ForestProduct is_a: Product [Term] id: Forestry name: Forestry is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: FormatConversion name: FormatConversion equivalent_to: Reformat [Term] id: Fossil name: Fossil comment: Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. Fossils vary in size from microscopic, such as single bacterial cells [2] only one micrometer in diameter, to gigantic (macroscopic), such as dinosaurs and trees many meters long and weighing many tons. [Wikipedia] is_a: SubstanceForm [Term] id: FossilFuelBurning name: FossilFuelBurning is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: FossilPlateBoundary name: FossilPlateBoundary comment: Are where similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlateBoundary [Term] id: Fraction name: Fraction is_a: Division [Term] id: Fracture name: Fracture is_a: Failure [Term] id: FractureZone name: FractureZone comment: A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature--often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long--resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics. Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions; here, strike-slip activity is possible. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis; seismically inactive (because both plate segments are moving in the same direction), they display evidence of past transform fault activity. is_a: GeologicBoundary relationship: hasPhenomena Fracture [Term] id: FraunhoferDiffraction name: FraunhoferDiffraction is_a: Diffraction [Term] id: FrazilIce name: FrazilIce is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: FreeInstability name: FreeInstability comment: The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: FreeTroposphere name: FreeTroposphere is_a: Troposphere [Term] id: Freeboard name: Freeboard is_a: Height [Term] id: Freezing name: Freezing comment: The phase transition of a substance passing from the liquid to the solid state; solidification; the opposite of fusion. is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: FreezingFog name: FreezingFog comment: A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects and form a coating of rime and/or glaze. is_a: Fog relationship: hasStateChange Freezing [Term] id: FreezingRain name: FreezingRain comment: Rain that falls in liquid form but freezes upon impact to form a coating of glaze upon the ground and on exposed objects. is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation [Term] id: Frequency name: Frequency comment: The rate of recurrence of any periodic phenomenon, often associated with waves of all kinds. Without qualification frequency often means temporal frequency, the rate of recurrence of a time-varying function, but could mean spatial frequency, the rate of recurrence of a space-varying function. Spatial frequency is the reciprocal of the repeat distance (sometimes the wavelength). The dimensions of (temporal) frequency are inverse time. A common unit for frequency is cycle per second, formerly abbreviated cps, but superseded by hertz, abbreviated as Hz. is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: Rate [Term] id: FrequencyBand name: FrequencyBand is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Frequency [Term] id: FrequencyBand_MHz name: FrequencyBand_MHz is_a: FrequencyBand [Term] id: FreshWater name: FreshWater is_a: WaterSubstance disjoint_from: SaltWater [Term] id: FreshwaterLake name: FreshwaterLake is_a: Lake relationship: hasSubstance FreshWater [Term] id: FresnelDiffraction name: FresnelDiffraction is_a: Diffraction [Term] id: Friction name: Friction is_a: Force [Term] id: Fringe name: Fringe equivalent_to: Periphery [Term] id: Front name: Front comment: In meteorology, generally, the interface or transition zone between two air masses of different density is_a: Discontinuity is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: FrontRegion name: FrontRegion is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: componentOf Front [Term] id: FrontalFog name: FrontalFog comment: Fog associated with frontal zones and frontal passages. It is usually divided into three types: warm-front prefrontal fog; cold-front post-frontal fog; and frontal-passage fog. The first two types are a result of rain falling into cold stable air and raising the dewpoint temperature. Frontal-passage fog can result from the ?mixing of warm and cold air masses in the frontal zone? or by ?sudden cooling of air over moist ground.? is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena Front [Term] id: FrontalInversion name: FrontalInversion comment: A temperature inversion (temperature rising with height) in the atmosphere, encountered upon vertical ascent through a sloping front (or frontal zone). is_a: Inversion relationship: hasPhenomena Front [Term] id: FrontalLifting name: FrontalLifting comment: The forced ascent of the warmer, less dense air at and near a front, occurring whenever the relative velocities of the two air masses are such that they converge at the front. is_a: Lifting [Term] id: FrontalWave name: FrontalWave comment: A horizontal wavelike deformation of a front in the lower levels, commonly associated with a maximum of cyclonic circulation in the adjacent flow. It may develop into a wave cyclone. is_a: AtmosphericWave [Term] id: Frost name: Frost is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: FrozenGround name: FrozenGround comment: Soil within which the moisture has predominantly changed to ice, the unfrozen portion being in vapor phase. Ice within the soil bonds (adfreezes) adjacent soil particles and renders frozen ground very hard. Permanently frozen ground is called permafrost. Dry frozen ground is relatively loose and crumbly because of the lack of bonding ice. Frozen ground is sometimes inadvisedly called frost or ground frost. is_a: Land [Term] id: Fruit name: Fruit comment: In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovaryÑtogether with seedsÑof a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds. is_a: Plant [Term] id: Fuel name: Fuel is_a: EnergyStorage [Term] id: FuelCell name: FuelCell is_a: EnergyStorage [Term] id: FugitiveDust name: FugitiveDust is_a: Dust [Term] id: Function name: Function is_a: Operation relationship: hasInput IndependentVariable relationship: hasOutput DependentVariable [Term] id: Fungi name: Fungi is_a: Plant [Term] id: FungiTaxonomy name: FungiTaxonomy is_a: Fungi [Term] id: FunnelCloud name: FunnelCloud comment: A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasProcess Rotation [Term] id: Funnelling name: Funnelling is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: FuzzyPoint name: FuzzyPoint is_a: Neighborhood [Term] id: FuzzySet name: FuzzySet is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: GCM name: GCM equivalent_to: GeneralCirculationModel [Term] id: GMode name: GMode is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave is_a: SolarPhenomena [Term] id: Galaxy name: Galaxy is_a: AstronomicalBody [Term] id: Galerne name: Galerne comment: A squally northwesterly wind, cold, humid, and showery, that occurs in the rear of a low pressure area over the English Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France and northern Spain. is_a: Squall [Term] id: Gallego name: Gallego comment: A strong, low-level wind through either a relatively level channel between two mountain ranges or a gap in a mountain barrier; originally applied to strong (10?20 m s-1) easterly winds through the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of western Washington State and the mountains of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. There they have been defined as ?a flow of air in a sea level channel that accelerates under the influence of a pressure gradient parallel to the axis of the channel.? As in the case of mountain- gap winds, this term has also been applied to pressure-gradient winds accelerating through a gap in a mountain barrier. The pressure gradient often results from a stable, post-cold-frontal anticyclone approaching the barrier and being partially blocked (see blocking) as it ascends the barrier, except for the flow through the gap or channel. The tehuantepecer of Central America is a well- known gap wind by this definition. These flows have sometimes been referred to as jet-effect wind and canyon wind. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: GammaRay name: GammaRay comment: Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation or light emission of frequencies produced by sub-atomic particle interactions, such as electron-positron annihilation or radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as electromagnetic radiation having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. high energy photons. Due to their high energy content, they can cause serious damage when absorbed by living cells. is_a: Photon [Term] id: Garbin name: Garbin comment: A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. is_a: SeaBreeze [Term] id: Garua name: Garua comment: A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. is_a: Fog [Term] id: Gasification name: Gasification is_a: EnergyConversionProcess is_a: StateChange ! State Change relationship: hasEnergyProduct Fuel [Term] id: GaugeHeight name: GaugeHeight is_a: WaterHeight [Term] id: Gelbstoff name: Gelbstoff is_a: Biomass [Term] id: Gending name: Gending comment: A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: GeneralCirculationModel name: GeneralCirculationModel is_a: Model [Term] id: GeneralLinearModel name: GeneralLinearModel is_a: Regression [Term] id: Genesis name: Genesis is_a: History [Term] id: GeneticAlgorithm name: GeneticAlgorithm is_a: HeuristicAlgorithm [Term] id: Genetics name: Genetics is_a: Biology [Term] id: Geochemistry name: Geochemistry is_a: Chemistry is_a: Geology [Term] id: Geodesy name: Geodesy comment: Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of a planet, including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time varying space. Besides the gravity field, geodesists study also geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national Control networks, using Space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems is_a: PlanetaryScience equivalent_to: Geodetics equivalent_to: GeodeticScience [Term] id: GeographicRole name: GeographicRole is_a: Role [Term] id: Geoid name: Geoid is_a: PlanetarySurfaceLevel [Term] id: GeologicBoundary name: GeologicBoundary is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: GeologicFeature name: GeologicFeature comment: or Surface Feature is a distinct recognizable structure within a larger context such as a stream bed, fissure, dike, etc. is_a: PlanetaryRealm relationship: hasRealm Geosphere [Term] id: GeologicProvince name: GeologicProvince comment: A geologic or geomorphic province is a spatial entity with common geologic/geomorphic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements. Most commonly, provinces are classified by age, origin, or mineral resource. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: GeologicStructure name: GeologicStructure is_a: Geosphere relationship: hasRealm Geosphere [Term] id: GeologicTime name: GeologicTime comment: The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized model) relating stratigraphy to time that is used by geologists, paleontologists and other earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. [Wikipedia] is_a: TimeReference [Term] id: GeologicTimeUnit name: GeologicTimeUnit comment: The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia] is_a: Duration [Term] id: GeologicalPhenomena name: GeologicalPhenomena is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena equivalent_to: GeospherePhenomena relationship: hasRealm SolidEarth [Term] id: GeologicalProperty name: GeologicalProperty is_a: Property relationship: studyOf Geology [Term] id: Geology name: Geology is_a: Science [Term] id: GeomagneticForce name: GeomagneticForce is_a: Force [Term] id: GeomagneticIndex name: GeomagneticIndex is_a: Index equivalent_to: GeophysicalIndex relationship: measureOf GeomagneticForce [Term] id: GeometricalObject name: GeometricalObject is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: GeometricalObject_0D name: GeometricalObject_0D is_a: GeometricalObject equivalent_to: Point [Term] id: GeometricalObject_1D name: GeometricalObject_1D is_a: 1D is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: GeometricalObject_2D name: GeometricalObject_2D is_a: 2D is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: GeometricalObject_3D name: GeometricalObject_3D is_a: 3D is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: Geophysics name: Geophysics comment: Geophysics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. The theories and techniques of geophysics are employed extensively in the planetary sciences in general. is_a: Geology is_a: Physics [Term] id: Geopotential name: Geopotential is_a: GravitationalPotential [Term] id: GeopotentialHeight name: GeopotentialHeight is_a: Height [Term] id: Geosphere name: Geosphere comment: The term Geosphere is often used to refer to the densest (solid) parts of a planet, which consist mostly of rock and regolith [Wikipedia] is_a: PlanetaryRealm equivalent_to: SolidEarth relationship: hasUpperBoundary PlanetarySurface [Term] id: GeosphereLayer name: GeosphereLayer is_a: PlanetaryLayer is_a: Subsurface relationship: hasRealm Geosphere [Term] id: GeostrophicWind name: GeostrophicWind is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: Geothermal name: Geothermal is_a: RenewableEnergySource [Term] id: GeothermalPowerPlant name: GeothermalPowerPlant is_a: PowerPlant relationship: hasEnergySource Geothermal [Term] id: GeothermalPowerProcess name: GeothermalPowerProcess is_a: EnergyConversionProcess is_a: RenewableEnergySource [Term] id: Gharbi name: Gharbi comment: A fresh westerly wind of oceanic origin in Morocco. is_a: OceanWind [Term] id: Gharra name: Gharra comment: Hard squalls from the northeast in Libya and Africa. They are sudden and frequent and are accompanied by heavy rain and thunder. is_a: Squall [Term] id: Ghibli name: Ghibli comment: A hot dust-bearing desert wind in Tripolitania (northwestern Libya), similar to the foehn. is_a: DesertWind [Term] id: GiantDikeSwarm name: GiantDikeSwarm comment: A dike swarm or dyke swarm in geology is a major group of parallel, linear, or radially oriented dikes intruded within continental crust. [Wikipedia] is_a: Dike [Term] id: Gibber name: Gibber is_a: Sediment [Term] id: GibbsFreeEnergy name: GibbsFreeEnergy is_a: ChemicalEnergy [Term] id: GlacialRegion name: GlacialRegion is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: Glacier name: Glacier is_a: Ice [Term] id: GlacierTerminus name: GlacierTerminus is_a: GlacialRegion equivalent_to: Snout [Term] id: GlacierWind name: GlacierWind comment: A shallow gravity wind, along the icy surface of a glacier, caused by the temperature difference between the air in contact with the glacier and free air at the same altitude. The glacier wind does not reverse itself diurnally as do mountain and valley winds, but it reaches its maximum intensity in the early afternoon. The glacier wind is characterized by strongly turbulent flow. See katabatic wind. is_a: GravityWind relationship: hasRealm Glacier [Term] id: GlobalChange name: GlobalChange is_a: ClimatePhenomena [Term] id: GlobalClimate name: GlobalClimate is_a: Average is_a: Climate relationship: averageOver Space [Term] id: GlobalCycle name: GlobalCycle is_a: Oscillation [Term] id: GlobalPlanetaryLayer name: GlobalPlanetaryLayer equivalent_to: PlanetaryLayer [Term] id: GlobalWarming name: GlobalWarming is_a: GlobalChange relationship: hasPhenomena GreenhouseEffect [Term] id: GlobalWarmingPotential name: GlobalWarmingPotential is_a: Temperature [Term] id: GlobalWindCirculation name: GlobalWindCirculation is_a: AtmosphericCirculation [Term] id: GoodnessOfFit name: GoodnessOfFit is_a: Statistics [Term] id: Gorge name: Gorge is_a: Canyon [Term] id: GorgeWind name: GorgeWind comment: A gap wind or canyon wind through a gorge. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Gorge [Term] id: GoslingBlast name: GoslingBlast name: Gosling blast comment: A sudden squall of rain or sleet in England. is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation [Term] id: GoverningBody name: GoverningBody is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: GoverningBodyProduct name: GoverningBodyProduct is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Government name: Government is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: GovtActivity name: GovtActivity is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: GowkStorm name: GowkStorm comment: Any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth's surface, implying inclement and possibly destructive weather. is_a: Storm [Term] id: Gradation name: Gradation is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Grade name: Grade is_a: MassConcentration [Term] id: Gradient name: Gradient is_a: Derivative is_a: VectorValuedOperation [Term] id: Grading name: Grading is_a: Processing [Term] id: Grain name: Grain is_a: SolidSubstance is_a: SubstanceForm [Term] id: GrainSize name: GrainSize is_a: ConsistenceProperty [Term] id: GrainSizeSorting name: GrainSizeSorting is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: GranularIce name: GranularIce is_a: Ice [Term] id: Granulation name: Granulation equivalent_to: Granule disjoint_from: Supergranulation [Term] id: Granule name: Granule comment: Granules on the photosphere are caused by convection currents (thermal columns, BŽnard cells) of plasma within the Sconvective zone. is_a: Data is_a: Gravel is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Graph name: Graph is_a: Error23 is_a: Error24 is_a: StructuralModel [Term] id: Grass name: Grass is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Graupel name: Graupel is_a: Ice [Term] id: Gravel name: Gravel is_a: Sediment [Term] id: GravitationalForce name: GravitationalForce equivalent_to: Gravity [Term] id: GravitationalPotential name: GravitationalPotential is_a: ScalarPotential relationship: hasProcess Gravity [Term] id: GravitationalWave name: GravitationalWave equivalent_to: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: Gravity name: Gravity is_a: Force equivalent_to: GravityForce [Term] id: GravityWave name: GravityWave name: Gravity Wave comment: A wave disturbance in which buoyancy (or reduced gravity) acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium. is_a: FluidWave relationship: hasRestoringForce Buoyancy [Term] id: GravityWind name: GravityWind comment: A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. is_a: MountainWind relationship: hasProcess Gravity [Term] id: GrayWater name: GrayWater is_a: WaterMixture [Term] id: Grazing name: Grazing is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: GreatCircle name: GreatCircle is_a: Circle disjoint_from: SmallCircle [Term] id: Greco name: Greco comment: An Italian name for the northeast wind. It was given by Roman sailors to the northeast wind in the Gulf of Lions because it came from the direction of the Greek colony of Marsala (Marseilles). Wind names of similar origin are common in the western Mediterranean, for example, gregale. is_a: OceanWind [Term] id: GreenThunderstorm name: GreenThunderstorm comment: Any thunderstorm that is perceived by observers to be green. The perceptually dominant wavelength of light from green thunderstorms ranges from blue- green to yellow-green. The purity of the color is generally low and the topical mechanism that causes the green appearance is not understood. Although green clouds often occur in conjunction with severe weather, there is no evidence to support anecdotal attributions of the cause of this green to specific characteristics of severe storms, such as hail or tornadoes. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: GreenhouseEffect name: GreenhouseEffect is_a: GlobalWarming [Term] id: GreenhouseGas name: GreenhouseGas is_a: ChemicalSubstance [Term] id: Gregale name: Gregale comment: The Maltese and best-known variant of a term for a strong northeast wind in the central and western Mediterranean and adjacent European land areas (stronger than the levante). is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: GregauWind name: GregauWind comment: In the Tirol, an east wind during March and April. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Grid name: Grid is_a: DataModel is_a: Raster relationship: hasGeometricalObject Rectangle [Term] id: GroundFog name: GroundFog comment: 1. According to U.S. weather observing practice, a fog that hides less than 0.6 of the sky and does not extend to the base of any clouds that may lie above it. As an obstruction to vision in an aviation weather observation, ground fog is encoded GF. 2. See radiation fog. is_a: Fog relationship: near PlanetarySurface [Term] id: GroundInversion name: GroundInversion comment: An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: GroundSpeed name: GroundSpeed comment: Ground speed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. It is the sum of the aircraft's true airspeed and the current wind and weather conditions; a headwind subtracts from the ground speed, while a tailwind adds to it. Winds at other angles to the heading will have components of either headwind or tailwind as well as a crosswind component. is_a: Speed [Term] id: GroundTransportation name: GroundTransportation is_a: Transportation [Term] id: Groundwater name: Groundwater is_a: LiquidWater relationship: below PlanetarySurface [Term] id: GroundwaterLevel name: GroundwaterLevel is_a: HydrosphereFeature is_a: PlanetarySurfaceLevel [Term] id: GroundwaterStorage name: GroundwaterStorage is_a: HydrospherePhenomena is_a: Storage [Term] id: Group name: Group is_a: CategoricalProperty [Term] id: GroupConsensus name: GroupConsensus is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: GroupVelocity name: GroupVelocity is_a: Velocity is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: Growth name: Growth is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Gulley name: Gulley is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: GullySquall name: GullySquall comment: A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. is_a: MountainWind is_a: Squall [Term] id: Gust name: Gust comment: 1. A sudden, brief increase in the speed of the wind. It is of a more transient character than a squall and is followed by a lull or slackening in the wind speed. Generally, winds are least gusty over large water surfaces and most gusty over rough land and near high buildings. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 s. 2. With respect to aircraft turbulence, a sharp change in wind speed relative to the aircraft; a sudden increase in airspeed due to fluctuations in the airflow, resulting in increased structural stresses upon the aircraft. 3. (Rare.) Same as cloudburst. is_a: Wind equivalent_to: WindGust [Term] id: GuttenburgDiscontinuity name: GuttenburgDiscontinuity comment: The core-mantle boundary. This discontinuity is due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities are much slower in the outer core than in the deep mantle while S-waves do not exist at all in the liquid portion of the core. Corresponds to top of D"". [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary [Term] id: Gyre name: Gyre is_a: Cell [Term] id: GyroOrbit name: GyroOrbit is_a: Orbit [Term] id: Gyroradius name: Gyroradius is_a: Distance equivalent_to: LarmorRadius [Term] id: HTAP name: HTAP equivalent_to: HemisphericTransportOfAirPollutants [Term] id: Ha name: Ha equivalent_to: Halogen [Term] id: Haar name: Haar comment: A name applied to a wet sea fog or very fine drizzle that drifts in from the sea in coastal districts of eastern Scotland and northeastern England. It occurs most frequently in summer. is_a: Fog relationship: hasRealm Coastal [Term] id: Habitat name: Habitat is_a: BiologicalRole [Term] id: HabitatConversion name: HabitatConversion is_a: EnvironmentalImpact relationship: hasImpactOn Habitat [Term] id: HabitatFragmentation name: HabitatFragmentation comment: Habitat fragmentation is a process of environmental change important in evolution and conservation biology. As the name implies, it describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat). Habitat fragmentation can be caused by geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment or by human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment on a much faster time scale. The former is suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation. The latter is causative in extinctions of many species. Habitat fragmentation is frequently caused by humans when native vegetation is cleared for human activities such as agriculture, rural development or urbanization. Habitats which were once continuous become divided into separate fragments. After intensive clearing, the separate fragments tend to be very small islands isolated from each other by crop land, pasture, pavement, or even barren land. The latter is often the result of slash and burn farming in tropical forests. The term habitat fragmentation can be considered to include six discrete processes: Reduction in the total area of the habitat, increase in the amount of edge, decrease in the amount of interior habitat, isolation of one habitat fragment from other areas of habitat, breaking up of one patch of habitat into several smaller patches, and Decrease in the average size of each patch of habitat.\n is_a: HabitatConversion [Term] id: HabitatManagement name: HabitatManagement is_a: LandManagement [Term] id: Haboob name: Haboob comment: A strong wind and sandstorm or duststorm in northern and central Sudan, especially around Khartoum, where the average number is about 24 a year. The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning ?wind.? Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s-1 (30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s-1 (62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m (3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Hadal name: Hadal is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: HadleyCirculation name: HadleyCirculation is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: Hail name: Hail comment: Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation relationship: hasSubstance Ice [Term] id: HailStorm name: HailStorm comment: Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant. is_a: Storm relationship: hasPhenomena Hail [Term] id: Half name: Half is_a: UnaryOperation [Term] id: HalfPotentialEvapotranspiration name: HalfPotentialEvapotranspiration is_a: Evapotranspiration [Term] id: Haloclasty name: Haloclasty is_a: Weathering [Term] id: Halocline name: Halocline comment: In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: hasGradient Salinity [Term] id: Halogen name: Halogen is_a: Element [Term] id: Halting name: Halting is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Hamiltonian name: Hamiltonian is_a: Energy [Term] id: HangingWall name: HangingWall is_a: GeologicFeature relationship: above Fault relationship: partOf FractureZone [Term] id: Harbor name: Harbor is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: Harden name: Harden is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Hardness name: Hardness is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: Haze name: Haze comment: Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog. is_a: Fog [Term] id: HeadWind name: HeadWind comment: A wind that opposes the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's airspeed greater than its groundspeed; the opposite of a tailwind. is_a: Wind [Term] id: Health name: Health is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: HealthIndex name: HealthIndex is_a: BiologicalProperty is_a: Index [Term] id: Hearing name: Hearing is_a: Sense [Term] id: Heat name: Heat is_a: Energy is_a: ThermodynamicQuantity equivalent_to: HeatEnergy equivalent_to: ThermalEnergy [Term] id: HeatBudget name: HeatBudget is_a: EnergyBudget relationship: hasProperty Heat [Term] id: HeatExchanger name: HeatExchanger is_a: EnergyDistributionSystem [Term] id: HeatFlow name: HeatFlow equivalent_to: ThermalFlux [Term] id: HeatFlux name: HeatFlux equivalent_to: ThermalFlux [Term] id: HeatIsland name: HeatIsland is_a: ClimatePhenomena [Term] id: HeatPump name: HeatPump is_a: EnergyDistributionSystem [Term] id: HeatThunderstorm name: HeatThunderstorm comment: In popular terminology, a thunderstorm of the air mass type that develops near the end of a hot, humid summer day; this term has no precise technical meaning. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: Heater name: Heater is_a: EnergyConversionDevice [Term] id: Heating name: Heating is_a: ThermalProcess [Term] id: HeavyIon name: HeavyIon is_a: Ion [Term] id: HeavyMetal name: HeavyMetal is_a: Metal [Term] id: HeavyNuclei name: HeavyNuclei is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: HeavyRainfall name: HeavyRainfall comment: Rain with a rate of accumulation exceeding a specific value that is geographically dependent.\n is_a: Rainfall [Term] id: HeavySnowfall name: HeavySnowfall is_a: Snowfall [Term] id: Height name: Height is_a: Distance is_a: VerticalExtent [Term] id: HeightRange name: HeightRange is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Height [Term] id: HeightRange_km name: HeightRange_km is_a: HeightRange [Term] id: Helical name: Helical is_a: GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: Helicopter name: Helicopter is_a: Aircraft [Term] id: Helioseismology name: Helioseismology is_a: Asteroseismology [Term] id: HelmholtzWave name: HelmholtzWave comment: An unstable wave in a system of two homogeneous fluids with a velocity discontinuity at the interface. is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: Hemisphere name: Hemisphere is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: HemisphericTransportOfAirPollutants name: HemisphericTransportOfAirPollutants is_a: Transport relationship: hasPhenomena AirPollution ! Air Pollution [Term] id: Herbivory name: Herbivory is_a: Predation [Term] id: HeterogenousRock name: HeterogenousRock comment: A heterogeneous or conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual stones that have become cemented together. Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts.[1] Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm). [Wikipedia] is_a: SedimentaryRock [Term] id: Heterotroph name: Heterotroph is_a: BiologicalRole [Term] id: HeuristicAlgorithm name: HeuristicAlgorithm is_a: Algorithm [Term] id: HighDesert name: HighDesert is_a: Desert relationship: hasSpatialExtent Elevation [Term] id: HighFog name: HighFog comment: In the US, the frequent fog on the slopes of the coastal mountains of California, especially applied when the fog overtops the range and extends as stratus over the leeward valleys. is_a: MountainFog [Term] id: HighLevelThunderstorm name: HighLevelThunderstorm comment: Generally, a thunderstorm based at a comparatively high altitude in the atmosphere, roughly 2400 m or higher. These storms form most strikingly over arid regions, and frequently their precipitation is evaporated before reaching the earth's surface. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: HighPressure name: HighPressure name: High Pressure is_a: Pressure equivalent_to: Ridge [Term] id: Highland name: Highland is_a: Landform disjoint_from: Lowland [Term] id: Highway name: Highway is_a: GeographicRole [Term] id: Hill name: Hill comment: A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] is_a: Landform [Term] id: Hinterland name: Hinterland is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Hiss name: Hiss is_a: Noise [Term] id: History name: History is_a: Property [Term] id: HoarCrystal name: HoarCrystal is_a: IceCrystal [Term] id: Homeostasis name: Homeostasis is_a: SystemState [Term] id: Honey name: Honey is_a: Food [Term] id: Horizon name: Horizon equivalent_to: Profile [Term] id: HorizontalDirection name: HorizontalDirection is_a: Direction [Term] id: HotWind name: HotWind comment: General term for winds characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity, such as summertime desert winds or an extreme foehn. is_a: Wind relationship: hasPhenomena Heating [Term] id: HplusConcentration name: HplusConcentration is_a: ChemicalQuantity [Term] id: HumanCapital name: HumanCapital is_a: HumanActivity is_a: Knowledge [Term] id: HumanDimension name: HumanDimension is_a: KnowledgeDomain relationship: studyOf HumanActivity [Term] id: HumanLaw name: HumanLaw is_a: GoverningBodyProduct is_a: Knowledge [Term] id: HumanNeed name: HumanNeed is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Hummock name: Hummock is_a: Landform [Term] id: Humus name: Humus is_a: Biomass [Term] id: Hurricane name: Hurricane is_a: TropicalCyclone [Term] id: HurricaneBand name: HurricaneBand comment: A hurricane radar band of circular or spiral shape associated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). Made evident by radar observations, hurricane bands typically curve cyclonically inward toward the center of the storm. The bands may be classified as primary if they merge into the eyewall encircling the eye of the storm, or secondary if they are disconnected from the eyewall. Hurricane bands generally move slowly around the center of the storm in the direction of the hurricane circulation. See banded structure. is_a: Hurricane [Term] id: Hydrate name: Hydrate is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: Hydration name: Hydration is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: HydraulicHead name: HydraulicHead is_a: FluidHead [Term] id: HydrogenEnergy name: HydrogenEnergy is_a: EnergyStorage [Term] id: HydrogenousSediment name: HydrogenousSediment is_a: Sediment [Term] id: HydrogeologicalProperty name: HydrogeologicalProperty is_a: GeologicalProperty relationship: studyOf Hydrology [Term] id: Hydrology name: Hydrology is_a: PlanetaryScience [Term] id: Hydrolysis name: Hydrolysis comment: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen (H) and hydroxide anions (OH?) in the process of a chemical mechanism. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Hydropattern name: Hydropattern comment: The full range of hydrologic parameters, which include the depth of water, duration of inundation, and the timing and distribution of freshwater flow. is_a: Index relationship: hasRealm Hydrosphere [Term] id: Hydroperiod name: Hydroperiod is_a: Period [Term] id: Hydrosphere name: Hydrosphere comment: A hydrosphere in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: HydrosphereFeature name: HydrosphereFeature is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: HydrospherePhenomena name: HydrospherePhenomena is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena relationship: hasRealm Hydrosphere [Term] id: HydrostaticPressure name: HydrostaticPressure is_a: Pressure [Term] id: HydrothermalAlteration name: HydrothermalAlteration is_a: HydrospherePhenomena [Term] id: Hypabyssal name: Hypabyssal comment: Hypabyssal are igneous rocks formed at a depth in between the plutonic and volcanic rocks. They are characterized by their porphyritic nature (porphyry). They consist of phenocrysts embedded in a fine-grained groundmass. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: Hyperbola name: Hyperbola is_a: ConicSection [Term] id: Hyperplane name: Hyperplane is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: Hypoclastite name: Hypoclastite comment: A deposit formed by the flowing or intrusion of lava or magma into water, ice, or water-saturated sediment and its consequent granulation or shattering into small angular fragments. is_a: VolcanicDeposit [Term] id: Hypothesis name: Hypothesis is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: HypothesisTest name: HypothesisTest is_a: ExperimentActivity is_a: StatisticalInference [Term] id: IBI name: IBI equivalent_to: IndexOfBiologicalIntegrity [Term] id: ITCZ name: ITCZ equivalent_to: IntertropicalConvergenceZone [Term] id: ITCZDominanceDuration name: ITCZDominanceDuration is_a: Duration relationship: hasPhenomena ITCZ [Term] id: IbeWind name: IbeWind comment: A local strong wind that blows through the Dzungarian Gate (in western China), a gap in the mountain ridge separating the depression of Lakes Balkash and Ala Kul from that of Lake Ebi Nor. The wind resembles the foehn and brings a sudden rise of temperature, in winter from about -26? to about -1?C. is_a: Foehn [Term] id: Ice name: Ice is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: IceAgeCycle name: IceAgeCycle is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: IceBase name: IceBase is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: IceCap name: IceCap is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: IceCore name: IceCore is_a: Sample relationship: inside Ice [Term] id: IceCrystal name: IceCrystal is_a: Ice equivalent_to: IceParticle [Term] id: IceField name: IceField is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: IceFog name: IceFog comment: A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. is_a: Fog relationship: hasSubstance Ice [Term] id: IcePellet name: IcePellet equivalent_to: Sleet [Term] id: IceSheet name: IceSheet comment: An ice sheet is a mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 square km (19,305 square mile). is_a: Glacier [Term] id: IceShelf name: IceShelf is_a: Ice [Term] id: IceSnowInterface name: IceSnowInterface is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: IceStorm name: IceStorm comment: A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation. The attendant formation of glaze on terrestrial objects creates many hazards. is_a: Storm relationship: hasSubstance Ice [Term] id: IceStream name: IceStream is_a: Ice [Term] id: IceSurface name: IceSurface is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: Iceberg name: Iceberg is_a: LandIce relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: Icing name: Icing is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Igneous name: Igneous comment: One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. Igneous refers to the process whereby hot material from the mantle is squeezed upward toward the earth's surface. If it has not reached the surface then the material is described as an intrusive structure and the rocks it creates are called Intrusive Rock. If it extrudes from the surface the material is described as a volcano and the rock it creates is known as Extrusive Rock. [Wikipedia] is_a: RockCycleProcess [Term] id: IgneousRock name: IgneousRock comment: By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia] is_a: Rock relationship: hasGenesis Igneous [Term] id: Illuminance name: Illuminance is_a: EnergyFlux [Term] id: Image name: Image is_a: Representation [Term] id: Impact name: Impact is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: ImpactBasin name: ImpactBasin is_a: Landform [Term] id: ImpactCrater name: ImpactCrater is_a: Crater [Term] id: InSitu name: InSitu is_a: HumanActivity equivalent_to: OnSite [Term] id: Incidence name: Incidence is_a: Direction is_a: Frequency [Term] id: Incoming name: Incoming is_a: Direction equivalent_to: Inward [Term] id: Increase name: Increase is_a: SystemStateChange equivalent_to: Rise [Term] id: Increment name: Increment is_a: Scale [Term] id: IndefiniteIntegral name: IndefiniteIntegral is_a: Error7 is_a: Integral [Term] id: IndependentVariable name: IndependentVariable is_a: Variable [Term] id: Index name: Index is_a: Property [Term] id: IndexDefinedByDifference name: IndexDefinedByDifference is_a: Index [Term] id: IndexOfBiologicalIntegrity name: IndexOfBiologicalIntegrity is_a: EnvironmentalIndex equivalent_to: IndexOfBioticIntegrity [Term] id: IndicatorSpecies name: IndicatorSpecies comment: An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or characteristic of the environment. For example, a species may delineate an ecoregion or indicate an environmental condition such as a disease outbreak, pollution, species competition or climate change. Indicator species can be among the most sensitive species in a region, acting as an early warning to monitoring biologists. is_a: Species [Term] id: Indigenous name: Indigenous is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: IndoorAirQuality name: IndoorAirQuality is_a: AirQuality [Term] id: Inductance name: Inductance is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity relationship: hasProcess Magnetism [Term] id: IndustrialProduct name: IndustrialProduct is_a: Product [Term] id: Industrialization name: Industrialization is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Industry name: Industry is_a: CategoricalProperty [Term] id: Inequality name: Inequality is_a: Relation [Term] id: Inertia name: Inertia is_a: Momentum [Term] id: InertiaWave name: InertiaWave comment: 1. Any wave motion in which no form of energy other than kinetic energy is present. In this general sense, Helmholtz waves, barotropic disturbances, Rossby waves, etc., are inertia waves. 2. More restrictedly, a wave motion in which the source of kinetic energy of the disturbance is the rotation of the fluid about some given axis. In the atmosphere a westerly wind system is such a source, the inertia waves here being, in general, stable. A similar analysis has been applied to smaller vortices, such as the hurricane. See inertial instability is_a: InternalWave equivalent_to: InertialWave relationship: hasRestoringForce CoriolisForce [Term] id: InferenceRule name: InferenceRule is_a: ProvenanceElement [Term] id: Infiltration name: Infiltration is_a: LandWaterCirculation [Term] id: InflectionPoint name: InflectionPoint is_a: Operation [Term] id: Infrastructure name: Infrastructure is_a: MaterialThing [Term] id: Inhalation name: Inhalation is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: InjectionWell name: InjectionWell is_a: Well [Term] id: InlandSeaBreeze name: InlandSeaBreeze comment: A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light. is_a: SeaBreeze [Term] id: Inlet name: Inlet comment: An inlet is a narrow body between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water, often leading to an enclosed body of water, such as a sound, bay, lagoon or marsh. In sea coasts an inlet usually refers to the actual connection between a bay and the ocean and is often called an entrance. is_a: Estuary [Term] id: InnerCore name: InnerCore comment: The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel.[Wikipedia] is_a: Mantle disjoint_from: OuterCore [Term] id: Inorganic name: Inorganic is_a: ChemicalSubstance equivalent_to: InorganicSubstance [Term] id: InorganicAcid name: InorganicAcid is_a: InorganicCompound [Term] id: InorganicCompound name: InorganicCompound is_a: Compound [Term] id: Input name: Input is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: Insolation name: Insolation is_a: SolarRadiation [Term] id: Instability name: Instability equivalent_to: Unstable [Term] id: Instant name: Instant is_a: Point is_a: Time [Term] id: Insulation name: Insulation is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Integral name: Integral is_a: Error8 is_a: Error9 is_a: OperationOnFunction equivalent_to: Integration [Term] id: IntensiveProperty name: IntensiveProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: Interaction name: Interaction comment: process that multiple substances are in contact and have some consequence is_a: Process is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: InterfaceProtocol name: InterfaceProtocol is_a: DataService [Term] id: Interference name: Interference is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess is_a: Noise [Term] id: InternalBoundaryLayer name: InternalBoundaryLayer comment: A layer within the atmosphere bounded below by the surface, and above by a more or less sharp discontinuity in some atmospheric property. Internal boundary layers are associated with the horizontal advection of air across a discontinuity in some property of the surface (e.g., aerodynamic roughness length or surface heat flux) and can be viewed as layers in which the atmosphere is adjusting to new surface properties. See thermal internal boundary layer, mechanical internal boundary layer. is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: InternalEnergy name: InternalEnergy is_a: Energy [Term] id: InternalGravityWave name: InternalGravityWave comment: A wave that propagates in density-stratified fluid under the influence of buoyancy forces.\n is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave is_a: InternalWave equivalent_to: InternalWave relationship: hasState StaticStability [Term] id: InternalWave name: InternalWave disjoint_from: SurfaceWave [Term] id: Internet name: Internet is_a: CommunicationMethod [Term] id: Interruption name: Interruption is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Intertidal name: Intertidal equivalent_to: IntertidalZone [Term] id: IntertidalZone name: IntertidalZone comment: The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, for example, the area between tide marks. is_a: CoastalRegion equivalent_to: Littoral equivalent_to: LittoralZone equivalent_to: TidePool relationship: hasPhenomena OceanTide [Term] id: IntertropicalConvergenceZone name: IntertropicalConvergenceZone is_a: ClimateZoneType relationship: hasRealm Equator [Term] id: Interval name: Interval is_a: NumericalEntity is_a: TimeRange disjoint_from: Point [Term] id: IntervalQuantity name: IntervalQuantity is_a: Error10 is_a: ScientificQuantity [Term] id: IntervalScale name: IntervalScale is_a: QuantitativeScale [Term] id: IntraArcBasin name: IntraArcBasin comment: Intra-arc basins are basins that occur between Fore-arc basins and back-arc basins [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: IntracratonicBasin name: IntracratonicBasin comment: Intracratonic basins are formed by fluvial sedimentation of an intracratonic area which has undergone sediment sag-loading. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: IntraplateProcess name: IntraplateProcess is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Intrusion name: Intrusion is_a: LandWaterCirculation [Term] id: IntrusiveRock name: IntrusiveRock comment: Beneath the surface magma tends to cool slowly which allows for the growth of large crystals within the rock. Rocks formed in this way are intrusive or plutonic rocks. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: Inundation name: Inundation is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: InvasiveSpecies name: InvasiveSpecies is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Inversion name: Inversion comment: In meteorology, a departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric quantity; also, the layer through which this departure occurs (the inversion layer), or the lowest altitude at which the departure is found (the base of the inversion). is_a: FluidPhenomena relationship: hasQuantity TemperatureGradient [Term] id: InversionLayer name: InversionLayer is_a: AtmosphereLayer equivalent_to: TemperatureInversionLayer relationship: hasPhenomena Inversion [Term] id: Investigate name: Investigate equivalent_to: Investigation [Term] id: Investigation name: Investigation is_a: Research [Term] id: Ion name: Ion comment: An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. [Wikipedia] is_a: Substance [Term] id: IonComposition name: IonComposition is_a: Composition [Term] id: IonTemperature name: IonTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: IonVelocity name: IonVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Ionization name: Ionization comment: Ionization is the physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by changing the difference between the number of protons and electrons. This process works slightly differently depending on whether an ion with a positive or a negative electric charge is being produced. A positive electric charge is produced when an electron bond to an atom or molecule absorbs enough energy from an external source to escape from the electric potential barrier that originally confined it, where the amount of energy required is called the Ionization potential. A negative electric charge is produced when a free electron collides with an atom and is subsequently caught inside the electric potential barrier, releasing any excess energy. is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: IonizationEnergy name: IonizationEnergy is_a: ChemicalEnergy is_a: PotentialEnergy equivalent_to: IonizationPotential [Term] id: IonizingRadiation name: IonizingRadiation is_a: Radiation disjoint_from: NonIonizingRadiation [Term] id: Irradiance name: Irradiance is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity is_a: FluxDensity [Term] id: Island name: Island is_a: Landform relationship: surroundedBy BodyOfWater [Term] id: IslandArc name: IslandArc is_a: CoastalLandform [Term] id: IsolatedVertex name: IsolatedVertex is_a: Vertex [Term] id: IsostaticAdjustment name: IsostaticAdjustment equivalent_to: IsostaticRebound [Term] id: IsostaticRebound name: IsostaticRebound comment: Post-glacial rebound (sometimes called continental rebound, isostatic rebound, isostatic adjustment or post-ice-age isostatic recovery) is the rise of land masses that were depressed by the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, through a process known as isostatic depression. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Isthmus name: Isthmus is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: Iteration name: Iteration is_a: Solution [Term] id: Jagged name: Jagged comment: Jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface. is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Jet name: Jet is_a: Aircraft is_a: Flow relationship: hasQuantity Pressure [Term] id: JetEffectWind name: JetEffectWind comment: A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges. is_a: Wind [Term] id: JetStreak name: JetStreak comment: The region of a jet stream axis with the greatest winds. is_a: JetStream [Term] id: JetStream name: JetStream comment: Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. is_a: AtmosphericWave is_a: GlobalWindCirculation equivalent_to: JetStreamWind [Term] id: JetStreamAxis name: JetStreamAxis comment: The axis of maximum wind speed in a jet stream. is_a: Axis relationship: hasPhenomena JetStream [Term] id: Joint name: Joint is_a: Crack [Term] id: JungeAerosolLayer name: JungeAerosolLayer comment: A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km. is_a: AtmosphereLayer relationship: hasSubstance Aerosol [Term] id: Jurisdiction name: Jurisdiction is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: JustificationElement name: JustificationElement is_a: ProvenanceElement [Term] id: Juxtaposition name: Juxtaposition is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: Kaavie name: Kaavie comment: In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow. is_a: HeavySnowfall [Term] id: Kachchan name: Kachchan comment: A hot, dry, west or southwest wind of foehn type in the lee of the Sri Lanka hills during the southwest monsoon in June and July. is_a: Foehn [Term] id: KalBaisakhi name: KalBaisakhi comment: In India, a short-lived dusty squall at the onset of the southwest monsoon (April? June) in Bengal. is_a: Squall relationship: hasPhenomena Monsoon [Term] id: KamchatkaCurrent name: KamchatkaCurrent comment: The western part of the subpolar gyre in the deep (western) part of the Bering Sea.\n is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: KaplanSSTIndex name: KaplanSSTIndex is_a: Index relationship: measureOf Temperature [Term] id: Karaburan name: Karaburan comment: A violent northeast wind of Central Asia occurring during spring and summer. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Karajol name: Karajol comment: On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Karema name: Karema comment: A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Karif name: Karif comment: A strong southwest wind on the southern shore of the Gulf of Aden, especially at Berbera, Somaliland, during the southwest monsoon. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Karst name: Karst comment: Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicalPhenomena [Term] id: KarstLandform name: KarstLandform comment: Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] is_a: Landform relationship: hasPhenomena Karst [Term] id: KataFront name: KataFront comment: A front (usually a cold front) at which the warm air descends the frontal surface (except, presumably, in the lowest layers). is_a: Front [Term] id: KatabaticFront name: KatabaticFront comment: Frontal surface above which air is descending. is_a: Front [Term] id: KatabaticWind name: KatabaticWind comment: Most widely used in mountain meteorology to denote a downslope flow driven by cooling at the slope surface during periods of light larger-scale winds; the nocturnal component of the along-slope wind systems.\n is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: KatallobaticCenter name: KatallobaticCenter comment: A point of maximum decrease in atmospheric pressure over a specified interval of time; on synoptic charts, a point of greatest negative pressure tendency; opposed to a pressure- rise center. is_a: AtmosphericLowPressure [Term] id: Kaus name: Kaus comment: A moderate to gale-force southeasterly wind in the Persian Gulf; it is accompanied by gloomy weather, rain, and squalls. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Kelsher name: Kelsher comment: In England, a heavy fall of rain. is_a: HeavyRainfall [Term] id: KelvinHelmholtzBillows name: KelvinHelmholtzBillows comment: 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasState KelvinHelmholtzInstability [Term] id: KelvinHelmholtzInstability name: KelvinHelmholtzInstability comment: An instability of the basic flow of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two parallel infinite streams of different velocities and densities. is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: KelvinHelmholtzWave name: KelvinHelmholtzWave comment: A waveform disturbance that arises from Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave relationship: hasState KelvinHelmholtzInstability [Term] id: KelvinWave name: KelvinWave comment: A type of low-frequency gravity wave trapped to a vertical boundary, or the equator, which propagates anticlockwise (in the Northerm Hemisphere) around a basin. is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: Kernel name: Kernel is_a: Filter [Term] id: Key name: Key is_a: Island [Term] id: Khamsin name: Khamsin comment: (Also spelled camsin, chamsin, kamsin, khamasseen, khemsin.) A dry, dusty, and generally hot desert wind in Egypt and over the Red Sea. It is generally southerly or southeasterly, occurring in front of depressions moving eastward across North Africa or the southeastern Mediterranean. The deep khamsins occur in spring with depressions traveling east-northeast across the northern Sahara. They are preceded by a heat wave lasting about three days and are followed by a duststorm. The passage of the depression is marked by a cold front bringing Mediterranean air and a sudden drop in temperature. See ghibli, chili, sirocco. is_a: DesertWind [Term] id: KillingFreeze name: KillingFreeze comment: The occurrence of air temperature below 0 C (32F) that kills annual vegetation without formation of frost crystals on surfaces. See freeze, dry freeze, hard freeze, light freeze. is_a: Frost [Term] id: Kimberlite name: Kimberlite comment: Kimberlite is a type of potassic volcanic rock best known for sometimes containing diamonds. The general consensus reached on kimberlites is that they are formed deep within the mantle, at between 150 and 450 kilometres depth, from anomalously enriched exotic mantle compositions, and are erupted rapidly and violently, often with considerable carbon dioxide and other volatile components. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: KineticEnergy name: KineticEnergy is_a: Energy is_a: MotionProperty [Term] id: KineticTemperature name: KineticTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: KloofWind name: KloofWind comment: A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: KnikWind name: KnikWind comment: Local name for a strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer in the Matanuska Valley of Alaska. The knik wind blows most frequently in the winter, although it may occur at any time of year. In winter the knik winds are accompanied by very pronounced temperature rises; cases of more than 10?C in 24 hours have been observed. These winds may last from one to ten days. They result from a pressure gradient normal to the Chugach Mountains, causing a pronounced foehn effect in the Matanuska Valley. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Knowledge name: Knowledge is_a: Representation [Term] id: KnowledgeDomain name: KnowledgeDomain is_a: Knowledge [Term] id: Koembang name: Koembang comment: A dry foehnlike wind from southeast or south in Cheribon and Tegal in Indonesia. It is caused by the east monsoon that develops a jet effect in passing through the gaps in the mountain ranges and descends on the leeward side. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Kona name: Kona comment: A stormy, rain-bringing wind from the southwest or south-southwest in Hawaii. It blows about five times a year on the southwest slopes that are in the lee of the prevailing northeast trade winds. Kona is the Polynesian word for ?leeward.? It is associated with a southward or a southeastward swing of the Aleutian low and the passage of a secondary depression (kona cyclone) from northwest to southeast, north of the islands. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Kossava name: Kossava comment: (Also spelled kosava, koschawa.) A cold, very squally wind, descending from the east or southeast in the region of the Danube ?Iron Gate? through the Carpathians, continuing westward over Belgrade, thence spreading northward to the Rumanian and Hungarian borderlands and southward as far as Nish. In winter it brings temperatures down to below -29C and it is cool even in summer, when it is also dusty. It usually occurs with a depression over the Adriatic and high pressure over southern Russia, a frequent situation in winter. It is usually explained as a jet-effect wind through the Iron Gate, giving speeds well above the gradient wind, but it can be regarded as a katabatic wind intermediate between foehn and bora. The kossava has a marked diurnal variation, with its maximum occurring between 5 AM and 10 AM. is_a: Squall [Term] id: Kp name: Kp is_a: GeomagneticIndex [Term] id: KrakatoaWind name: KrakatoaWind comment: (Also spelled Krakatau; formerly called overtrades.) A layer of easterly winds over the Tropics at an altitude of about 18-24 km. This layer tops the midtropospheric westerlies (the antitrades), is at least 6 km deep, and is based at about 2 km above the tropopause. This easterly current is more prominent and better defined in the summer hemisphere. It derives its name from the observed behavior of the volcanic dust carried around the world after the great eruption of Krakatoa (6?S, 105?E) in 1883. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Kurtosis name: Kurtosis is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: LIP name: LIP is_a: SurfaceRegion equivalent_to: LargeIgneousProvince relationship: hasRealm FloodBasalt [Term] id: LWE name: LWE equivalent_to: LiquidWaterEquivalent [Term] id: LaSerpe name: LaSerpe comment: A long strip of cloud that sometimes lies against the southern base of Mount Etna in Sicily. It is said to herald rain. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Labbe name: Labbe comment: A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: LaboratoryEnvironment name: LaboratoryEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting disjoint_from: MissionTestedEnvironment disjoint_from: OperationalEnvironment disjoint_from: RepresentativeEnvironment disjoint_from: VerifiedValidatedEnvironment [Term] id: Laccolith name: Laccolith comment: [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A laccolith is an igneous intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base.Laccoliths tend to form at relatively shallow depths and are typically formed by relatively viscous magmas, such as those that crystallize to diorite, granodiorite, and granite.[Wikipedia] is_a: PlutonicStructure [Term] id: LacustrinePlain name: LacustrinePlain is_a: FluvialPlain [Term] id: Lag name: Lag is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: Lagoon name: Lagoon comment: A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Lagrangian name: Lagrangian is_a: Energy [Term] id: LagrangianPoint name: LagrangianPoint is_a: Location [Term] id: Lahar name: Lahar comment: A torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the slope of a volcano in response to gravity. A type of mudflow. is_a: Mudflow [Term] id: Laheimar name: Laheimar comment: Severe squalls during the change of seasons in October and November in Arabia. is_a: Squall [Term] id: Lake name: Lake is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: LakeBreeze name: LakeBreeze comment: A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: originatesFrom Lake [Term] id: LakeEffect name: LakeEffect comment: Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind. This term is applied specifically to the region about the Great Lakes or the Great Salt Lake. More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: originatesFrom Lake [Term] id: LakeEffectSnow name: LakeEffectSnow comment: Localized, convective snow bands that occur in the lee of lakes when relatively cold airflows over warm water. In the US this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. Snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. is_a: LakeEffect is_a: Snowfall equivalent_to: LakeEffectSnowstorm [Term] id: LakeStage name: LakeStage is_a: StageHeight [Term] id: LambingStorm name: LambingStorm comment: (Also called lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm.) A slight fall of snow in the spring in England. is_a: Snowfall [Term] id: LaminarBoundaryLayer name: LaminarBoundaryLayer comment: An interfacial region in which flow is smooth and nonturbulent. Above a surface, a laminar layer will develop and fluid velocity will increase with distance from the surface, but not indefinitely. At some point, flow will become turbulent, with the laminar sublayer separating the turbulent layer from the surface. In the real world, most laminar boundary layers are extremely thin (order of 1 mm), but can be of biological importance, for example, next to plant leaves or as invertebrate refuges in streams. is_a: BoundaryLayer relationship: hasPhenomena LaminarFlow [Term] id: LaminarFlow name: LaminarFlow comment: (Also called sheet flow, streamline flow.) A flow regime in which fluid motion is smooth and orderly, and in which adjacent layers or laminas slip past each other with little mixing between them. Exchange of material across laminar layers occurs by molecular diffusion, a process about 106 times less effective than turbulence. Laminar flow can be easily predicted as velocity increases at a steady rate from a boundary. This contrasts with the chaotic and random nature of turbulent flow. Laminar flow is not a common occurrence in the statically neutral and unstable atmosphere and is confined to a very thin layer (1 mm) adjacent to very smooth surfaces such as snow and ice. However, in strongly statically stable regions such as the the nocturnal boundary layer, the Richardson number can be large enough that turbulence is suppressed, and the flow is laminar over a layer many tens of meters thick. is_a: Flow [Term] id: LaminarSublayer name: LaminarSublayer comment: A layer in which the fluid undergoes smooth, nonturbulent flow. It is found between any surface and a turbulent layer above. See laminar boundary layer, laminar flow. is_a: LaminarBoundaryLayer [Term] id: Lamination name: Lamination is_a: Landform [Term] id: Land name: Land comment: The part of a planetary surface that is a solid is_a: Geosphere is_a: Region equivalent_to: LandRegion equivalent_to: LandSurface equivalent_to: SurfaceRegion [Term] id: LandBreeze name: LandBreeze comment: A coastal breeze blowing from land to sea, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. Therefore, it usually blows by night and alternates with sea breeze, which blows in the opposite direction by day. See puelche, karif. is_a: OffshoreWind [Term] id: LandCover name: LandCover comment: Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia] is_a: Landform [Term] id: LandDegradation name: LandDegradation is_a: LandEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: LandEnvironmentalImpact name: LandEnvironmentalImpact is_a: EnvironmentalImpact relationship: hasImpactOn Land [Term] id: LandIce name: LandIce is_a: Ice relationship: hasRealm Land [Term] id: LandLash name: LandLash comment: In England, a heavy fall of rain, accompanied by a high wind. is_a: Rainfall [Term] id: LandLine name: LandLine is_a: Phone [Term] id: LandManagement name: LandManagement is_a: Management relationship: hasRealm Land [Term] id: LandPreservation name: LandPreservation is_a: LandManagement [Term] id: LandTenure name: LandTenure is_a: LandManagement [Term] id: LandUse name: LandUse is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: LandWaterCirculation name: LandWaterCirculation is_a: HydrospherePhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Transport relationship: hasRealm UndergroundWater [Term] id: Landform name: Landform comment: A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Landing name: Landing is_a: Arrival [Term] id: Landscape name: Landscape comment: A landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including physical elements such as landforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract elements such as lighting and weather conditions, and human elements, for instance human activity or the built environment. Landscape may also signify the objects around one in a building. is_a: Landform [Term] id: LandscapeEcology name: LandscapeEcology is_a: Ecology [Term] id: Landslide name: Landslide comment: A landslide (or landslip) is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep solidure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. [Wikpedia] is_a: Slide relationship: hasRealm Land [Term] id: Landspout name: Landspout comment: (Rare.) A tornado. 2. Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. is_a: Tornado [Term] id: LangmuirCirculation name: LangmuirCirculation comment: Roll circulations approximately aligned with the surface stress vector that frequently occur in the upper boundary layer of oceans or lakes. Although similar in form to atmospheric longitudinal roll vortices, Langmuir circulations are thought to be driven by nonlinear interactions between the surface gravity wave field and the larger-scale turbulent motions within the mixed layer. They are sometimes called windrows because they form lines of surface debris or bubbles in their surface convergence zones. Their spatial scale is related to the depth of the mixed layer and their characteristic velocity is on the order of 8u*, where u* is the friction velocity in water. As a result of this scaling, Langmuir circulations generally require surface winds of at least 8 m s-1 in order to form. See coherent structures, longitudinal rolls. is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: Laplacian name: Laplacian is_a: VectorFieldOperation [Term] id: LapseRate name: LapseRate is_a: TemperatureHeightDerivative [Term] id: LargeReynoldsNumberFlow name: LargeReynoldsNumberFlow comment: The behavior of a fluid with a Reynolds number typically greater than 1E4 to 1E6, which usually occurs within the atmosphere. The main property of such flows is a constant friction stress within the surface layer that depends only on relative roughness but not on the Reynolds number itself. Thus, molecular viscosity and qualities occurring in flow descriptions that are dependent on the Reynolds number may be totally ignored. is_a: Flow [Term] id: Latency name: Latency is_a: Delay [Term] id: LatentHeat name: LatentHeat is_a: Heat [Term] id: Lateral name: Lateral is_a: Direction [Term] id: LatitudeBand name: LatitudeBand is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: Region [Term] id: LatitudeLine name: LatitudeLine is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: Region [Term] id: Lattice name: Lattice is_a: Discrete is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: Lava name: Lava comment: Magma that extrudes onto the surface of earth is called lava. [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Layer name: Layer is_a: DataProduct is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: LayerCloud name: LayerCloud comment: Stratus cloud; a continuous cloud sheet capped by an inversion. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena CappingInversion [Term] id: Leaching name: Leaching comment: In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Lead name: Lead is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: Leaf name: Leaf is_a: PlantPart [Term] id: LeafNode name: LeafNode is_a: Node [Term] id: LeeWave name: LeeWave comment: 1. Any wave disturbance that is caused by, and is therefore stationary with respect to, some barrier in the fluid flow. Whether the wave is a gravity wave, inertia wave, barotropic wave, etc., will depend on the structure of the fluid and the dimensions of the barrier. 2. A mountain wave occurring to the lee of a mountain or mountain barrier. These waves can become visible in the form of lenticular or trapped lee-wave clouds. is_a: MountainWave [Term] id: LeesideConvergence name: LeesideConvergence comment: Region of convergence, often a line, downwind of a mountain or mountain ridge during fair-weather daytime conditions that are favorable for the formation of thermally forced upslope flow and deep convective mixing. Convergence forms between upslope (or sometimes light and variable) flow at lower elevations of the lee slopes and downslope flow at higher elevations, which results from the downward convective mixing of ambient momentum from the flow above ridgetops. With moist upslope flow and favorable conditions, updrafts produced by the convergence can lead to mountain cumulus formation, or trigger thunderstorm or severe weather activity. is_a: Convergence [Term] id: LehmannDiscontinuity name: LehmannDiscontinuity comment: Boundary between Asthenosphere and Lithosphere. It is the discontinuity in seismic velocity near a depth of 220 km. It appears beneath continents, but not usually beneath oceans, and does not readily appear in globally-averaged studies [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary [Term] id: Length name: Length is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: SpatialExtent [Term] id: LenticularCloud name: LenticularCloud comment: A commonly used term for clouds of the species lenticularis. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Leste name: Leste comment: Spanish nautical term for east wind. The name is given to a hot, dry, dusty easterly, or southeasterly wind that blows from the Atlantic coast of Morocco out to Madeira and the Canary Islands. It is a form of sirocco and occurs in front of depressions advancing eastward. Compare levanto. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Levante name: Levante comment: The Spanish and most widely used term for an east or northeast wind occurring along the coast and inland from southern France to the Straits of Gibraltar. It is moderate or fresh (not as strong as the gregale), mild, very humid, overcast, and rainy; it occurs with a depression over the western Mediterranean Sea. In summer it is rare and weak; in January it is inhibited by the Iberian anticyclone. It is most frequent from February to May and October to December. A levant (French spelling) with fine weather is a levant blanc; in the Roussillon region of southern France (where, as along the Catalonian coast of Spain, it is called llevant) it often brings floods in the mountain streams. The levanter of the Gibraltar Straits is a related phenomenon. Compare leste, lombarde, levantera. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Levantera name: Levantera comment: A persistent east wind in the Adriatic, usually bringing cloudy weather. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Leveche name: Leveche comment: A hot, sand- and dust-laden wind from between southeast and southwest that blows in front of a depression on the southeast coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasProcess Heating [Term] id: Level name: Level is_a: OrdinalProperty is_a: VerticalExtent [Term] id: Libeccio name: Libeccio comment: Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Liberator name: Liberator comment: A name sometimes given the west wind through the Straits of Gibraltar. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Lichen name: Lichen is_a: Plant [Term] id: Lift name: Lift is_a: FluidPhenomena equivalent_to: Lifting [Term] id: Liftoff name: Liftoff is_a: Departure [Term] id: LightFreeze name: LightFreeze comment: The occurrence of air temperature below 0 C (32F) that kills some, but not all, annual vegetation. This often occurs in the 0 to -1 C (32 30 F) range. is_a: Frost [Term] id: LightFrost name: LightFrost comment: A thin and more or less patchy deposit of hoarfrost on surface objects and vegetation.\n is_a: Frost [Term] id: LimneticZone name: LimneticZone comment: The limnetic zone is the well-lit, open surface waters farther from shore in a lake. It is surrounded by the littoral zone and above the profundal zone is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: above ProfundalZone [Term] id: Limnology name: Limnology is_a: Hydrology [Term] id: Line name: Line is_a: Curve [Term] id: LineEmission name: LineEmission is_a: Emission [Term] id: LineIntegral name: LineIntegral is_a: Integral [Term] id: LineOfSightPropagation name: LineOfSightPropagation comment: Line-of-sight propagation refers to electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic waves travelling in a straight line. The rays or waves are deviated or reflected by obstructions and cannot travel over the horizon or behind obstacles. Beyond that, material disperses the rays respectively the energy of the waves. is_a: WavePropagation [Term] id: LineSquall name: LineSquall comment: A squall that occurs along a squall line. This term is now confined mostly to nautical usage.\n is_a: Squall [Term] id: Linear name: Linear is_a: Polynomial disjoint_from: Nonlinear [Term] id: LinearExtent name: LinearExtent is_a: SpatialMeasure [Term] id: LiquidWater name: LiquidWater is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: LiquidWaterEquivalent name: LiquidWaterEquivalent is_a: WaterContent [Term] id: Liquiefaction name: Liquiefaction is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: Lithology name: Lithology is_a: Petrology [Term] id: Lithophile name: Lithophile is_a: Element [Term] id: Lithosphere name: Lithosphere comment: In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The division of Earth's outer layers into lithosphere and asthenosphere should not be confused with the chemical subdivision of the outer Earth into mantle, and crust. All crust is in the lithosphere, but lithosphere generally contains more mantle than crust. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeosphereLayer relationship: containsMaterial Rock [Term] id: Litter name: Litter is_a: Biomass [Term] id: LittoralCurrent name: LittoralCurrent equivalent_to: LongshoreCurrent [Term] id: LittoralDrift name: LittoralDrift is_a: CoastalPhenomena equivalent_to: LongshoreDrift [Term] id: Liverwort name: Liverwort is_a: Plant [Term] id: LivingEntity name: LivingEntity is_a: Substance [Term] id: Load name: Load is_a: Density [Term] id: Loam name: Loam is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Local name: Local is_a: LocalTime [Term] id: LocalClimate name: LocalClimate is_a: Climate [Term] id: LocalStorm name: LocalStorm comment: A storm of mesometeorological scale; thus, thunderstorms, squalls, and tornadoes are often put in this category. is_a: Storm [Term] id: LocalTime name: LocalTime is_a: TimeZone [Term] id: LocalWind name: LocalWind comment: 1. Winds that, over a small area, differ from those that would be appropriate to the general large-scale pressure distribution, or that possess some other peculiarity. Often these winds have names unique to the area where they occur. Local winds may be classified into three main groups. The first includes diurnally varying airflows that are driven by local gradients of surface heat flux (e.g., near the shore of a sea or lake) or by diurnal heating or cooling of the ground surface in areas of sloping or mountainous terrain. These include land and sea breezes, mountain?valley circulations, and drainage and slope winds. The second group consists of winds produced by the interaction of a synoptic-scale flow with orography. These may be further subdivided into barrier jets, gap winds, downslope windstorms, and include such local phenomena as the tehuantepecer, Santa Ana, foehn, mistral, and bora. The third group includes those winds accompanying convective activity, more specifically individual thunderstorms or mesoscale convective systems. These are generally the surface manifestations of precipitation- cooled diverging outflow and in some locations are given special names due to the distinctive character of the weather associated with them (e.g., the haboob). 2. Local or colloquial names given to frequently occurring or particularly noteworthy winds (sometimes because of the bad weather associated with them), usually from a certain direction. Often these names reflect the direction from which the wind comes (e.g., sou'wester, nor'easter). is_a: Wind [Term] id: Location name: Location is_a: Error14 is_a: Point is_a: SpatialProperty equivalent_to: Position [Term] id: LocationAllocation name: LocationAllocation comment: Spatial allocation is primarily concerned with designating what kinds of activities can or will be done where on the landscape. Land-use zoning is a typical example of a spatial allocation problem in which the landscape is divided up into a set of multiple alternative uses such as industrial, commercial, residential, etc. Allocation to a particular use usually depends on intrinsic properties of the individual parcels as well as adjacency constraints. is_a: Allocation [Term] id: Loess name: Loess is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Lofting name: Lofting comment: The phenomenon where the upper part of a smoke plume diffuses more rapidly upward than the bottom part diffuses downward. This generally occurs when the boundary layer near the ground is more stable than it is aloft. Compare coning, fanning, looping. is_a: Convection [Term] id: Logarithm name: Logarithm is_a: UnaryOperation [Term] id: Logarithmic name: Logarithmic is_a: TranscendentalFunction [Term] id: LogarithmicScale name: LogarithmicScale is_a: QuantitativeScale [Term] id: LogarithmicUnit name: LogarithmicUnit is_a: Unit relationship: hasScale LogarithmicScale [Term] id: Logistic name: Logistic is_a: TranscendentalFunction [Term] id: Lombarde name: Lombarde comment: An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: LongCrestedWave name: LongCrestedWave comment: Ocean surface waves that are nearly two-dimensional, in that the crests appear very long in comparison with the wavelength, and the energy propagation is concentrated in a narrow band around the mean wave direction. is_a: SurfaceWave [Term] id: LongRangeTransport name: LongRangeTransport is_a: Transport [Term] id: LongShoreWind name: LongShoreWind comment: 1. A damp unpleasant wind that blows from the south in Madras (India). 2. A wind from the northeast at night in Sri Lanka. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: LongitudinalWave name: LongitudinalWave comment: Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves is_a: Wave [Term] id: LongmontAnticyclone name: LongmontAnticyclone comment: A mesoscale zone of anticyclonically turning winds that develops downstream of the Cheyenne Ridge in northeast Colorado and southeast Wyoming, and is often centered just east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains near the town of Longmont, Colorado. The cause of the feature is the interaction of the ambient low level northwest flow with the east?west terrain feature known as the Cheyenne Ridge. See also Denver convergence?vorticity zone. is_a: AtmosphericAnticyclone [Term] id: LongshoreCurrent name: LongshoreCurrent comment: (Also called littoral current.) The resultant current produced by waves being deflected at an angle by the shore. In this case the current runs roughly parallel to the shoreline. The longshore current is capable of carrying a certain amount of material as long as its velocity remains fairly constant; however, any obstruction, such as a submarine rock ridge or a land point cutting across the path of the current, will cause loss of velocity and consequent loss of carrying power. is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: Loop name: Loop is_a: Edge [Term] id: LoopCurrent name: LoopCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: Lopolith name: Lopolith comment: [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Lopoliths are generally concordant with the intruded strata with dike or funnel-shaped feeder bodies below the body. Lopoliths typically consist of large ultramafic to mafic layered intrusions that range in age from Archean to Eocene. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlutonicStructure [Term] id: Loss name: Loss is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: LoveWave name: LoveWave comment: A type of seismic surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. Its velocity depends only on density and rigidity modulus, and not on bulk modulus. It is named after A. E. H. Love, the English mathematician who discovered it. is_a: SurfaceWave equivalent_to: Lwave [Term] id: LowPressure name: LowPressure name: Low Pressure is_a: Pressure [Term] id: LowerAtmosphere name: LowerAtmosphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer [Term] id: LowerMantle name: LowerMantle comment: Very little is known about the lower mantle apart from that it appears to be relatively seismically homogeneous. The lower mantle is under tremendous pressure and therefore has a higher viscosity than the upper mantle.[Wikipedia] is_a: Mantle [Term] id: Lowland name: Lowland is_a: Landform [Term] id: Luminance name: Luminance is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity [Term] id: Luminescence name: Luminescence is_a: Radiation [Term] id: Luminosity name: Luminosity is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity is_a: Power [Term] id: LuminousFlux name: LuminousFlux is_a: EnergyFlux [Term] id: LuminousIntensity name: LuminousIntensity is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity [Term] id: Luster name: Luster is_a: Color [Term] id: MSA name: MSA equivalent_to: MetropolitanStatisticalArea [Term] id: MackerelBreeze name: MackerelBreeze comment: (Also called mackerel gale.) A wind that ruffles the water, favoring the catching of mackerel. is_a: OceanWind equivalent_to: MackerelGale [Term] id: MackerelGale name: MackerelGale comment: Same as a mackerel breeze [Term] id: Macroalgae name: Macroalgae is_a: Plant [Term] id: Macrofossil name: Macrofossil comment: Macrofossils are preserved organic remains large enough to be visible without a microscope. [Wikipedia] is_a: Fossil [Term] id: Macrophyte name: Macrophyte is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: MaddenJulianOscillation name: MaddenJulianOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Maestro name: Maestro name: Maestro comment: A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Mafic name: Mafic comment: Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term was derived by contracting "magnesium" and "ferric". Most mafic minerals are dark in color and the specific gravity is greater than 3. Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt and gabbro. In terms of chemistry, mafic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the felsic rocks. The term roughly corresponds to the older basic rock class.Mafic lava, before cooling, has a low viscosity, in comparison to felsic lava, due to the lower silica content in mafic magma. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava, so eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic lava eruptions. Most mafic lava volcanoes are oceanic volcanoes, like Hawaii. [Wikipedia] is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: Magma name: Magma comment: Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance in 3 phases; a system of silicate liquid, solid minerals, and perhaps a vapor phase. [Wikipedia] is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: MagmaticArc name: MagmaticArc is_a: Arc relationship: hasAxis ArcAxis relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure ForeArc relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure RearArc [Term] id: MagnetiCurvatureDrift name: MagnetiCurvatureDrift is_a: Drift is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: MagnetiGradient name: MagnetiGradient is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: MagneticDipoleMoment name: MagneticDipoleMoment is_a: MagneticMoment [Term] id: MagneticFieldStrength name: MagneticFieldStrength is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: MagneticFlux name: MagneticFlux is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: Flux [Term] id: MagneticFluxDensity name: MagneticFluxDensity is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: Flux [Term] id: MagneticMoment name: MagneticMoment is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity is_a: VectorQuantity [Term] id: Magnetism name: Magnetism is_a: ElectromagneticProcess [Term] id: MagnetohydrodynamicWave name: MagnetohydrodynamicWave is_a: PlasmaWave [Term] id: Maintenance name: Maintenance is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: MajolaWind name: MajolaWind comment: A wind, named after the Maloja Pass between the Engadine and Bergall, Switzerland, that blows down the valley of the Upper Engadine by day and either up or down by night. This deviation from the usual nature of mountain and valley winds is attributed to the fact that the stronger daytime valley wind from the south overtops the ridge and continues down the Engadine. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: Malleability name: Malleability is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: MalojaWind name: MalojaWind comment: A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Mamatele name: Mamatele comment: (Also called mamaliti, mamatili.) A light northwest wind of Sicily; a form of mistral. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Mamma name: Mamma comment: (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Manafacturing name: Manafacturing is_a: Production [Term] id: Management name: Management is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: ManagementSystem name: ManagementSystem is_a: HumanActivity relationship: hasHumanActivity Management [Term] id: Mangrove name: Mangrove comment: Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses, (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangals are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content, collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. is_a: Tree [Term] id: Manned name: Manned is_a: HumanActivity disjoint_from: Unmanned [Term] id: Mantle name: Mantle comment: The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth's mantle is an approximately 2,970 km thick (~1,800 mi) rocky shell that constitutes approximately 84 percent of Earth's volume. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeosphereLayer relationship: hasUpperBoundary Moho [Term] id: Manure name: Manure is_a: Biomass [Term] id: MapReduce name: MapReduce is_a: ParallelAlgorithm [Term] id: Mapping name: Mapping is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Mare name: Mare is_a: Plain [Term] id: Margin name: Margin is_a: Boundary [Term] id: Marin name: Marin comment: A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: MarineClimate name: MarineClimate comment: (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate. is_a: ClimateClassification relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: MarinePlant name: MarinePlant is_a: Plant [Term] id: MarineScience name: MarineScience equivalent_to: Oceanography [Term] id: MarineSediment name: MarineSediment is_a: Sediment [Term] id: MaritimeCloud name: MaritimeCloud comment: A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Marsh name: Marsh comment: In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous inundation. Typically a marsh features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. A marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, and is generally deeper than a marsh. In North America, the term swamp is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses and low herbs is_a: Wetland [Term] id: Mass name: Mass is_a: ExtensiveProperty [Term] id: MassContent name: MassContent is_a: Content relationship: hasFirstOperand Mass [Term] id: MassExtinctionEvent name: MassExtinctionEvent is_a: EnvironmentalImpact is_a: ExtremeEvent relationship: hasImpact Extinction [Term] id: MassWasting name: MassWasting is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: MatanuskaWind name: MatanuskaWind comment: The local name, taken from the Matanuska River, for a strong, gusty, northeast wind that occasionally occurs during the winter in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: MaterialDisplacement name: MaterialDisplacement is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena [Term] id: MaterialProperty name: MaterialProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: MaterialThing name: MaterialThing is_a: Substance [Term] id: MathematicalProcess name: MathematicalProcess is_a: Process [Term] id: Matinal name: Matinal comment: The morning wind, that is, an east wind. In the Morvan Mountains and the center of the Massif Central in France, the matinal often blows for several days, especially in summer, and brings fine weather. On winter mornings a northeast or east wind descends the western slopes of the Alps (where it is known as the matini?re) bringing cold and generally fine weather. Compare solaire. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: MatricPotential name: MatricPotential comment: The energy required to extract water from a porous medium to overcome the capillary and adsorptive forces. is_a: ConsistenceProperty is_a: Energy [Term] id: Matrix name: Matrix is_a: Seq relationship: eachElementHasType Array [Term] id: Maturation name: Maturation is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Maximum name: Maximum is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: MaximumValid name: MaximumValid is_a: Value [Term] id: MaxwellBoltzmannDistribution name: MaxwellBoltzmannDistribution is_a: Function [Term] id: Mean name: Mean is_a: Moment [Term] id: MeanAnnualTemperature name: MeanAnnualTemperature is_a: AnnualAverage is_a: Temperature [Term] id: MeanFreePath name: MeanFreePath is_a: Distance is_a: MotionProperty relationship: hasProcess Collision [Term] id: MeanMolecularWeight name: MeanMolecularWeight is_a: MolecularWeight [Term] id: MeanMonthlyTemperature name: MeanMonthlyTemperature is_a: MonthlyAverage is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Meandering name: Meandering is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Measure name: Measure is_a: Property [Term] id: Measurement name: Measurement is_a: Representation [Term] id: MeasurementScale name: MeasurementScale equivalent_to: Scale [Term] id: MechanicalInternalBoundaryLayer name: MechanicalInternalBoundaryLayer comment: (Abbreviated MIBL.) An internal boundary layer caused by advection of air across a discontinuity in surface roughness. When the new surface is rougher than the old one, the MIBL depth grows roughly as the 0.8 power of the ratio of the two roughness lengths. In this example, the MIBL grows to include the whole surface layer. is_a: InternalBoundaryLayer relationship: hasPhenomena Advection [Term] id: MechanicalTurbulence name: MechanicalTurbulence comment: Turbulence produced by shear flow. is_a: Turbulence [Term] id: Mechanics name: Mechanics comment: Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment. is_a: Physics [Term] id: Median name: Median is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: MediterraneanFront name: MediterraneanFront comment: A front that forms in the low pressure zone that covers the Mediterranean between the cold air over Europe and the warm air over the Sahara. is_a: Front [Term] id: Medium name: Medium is_a: Substance [Term] id: MediumWaveInteractionProcess name: MediumWaveInteractionProcess is_a: WaveProcess [Term] id: MegathrustEarthquake name: MegathrustEarthquake is_a: Earthquake [Term] id: MeiyuFront name: MeiyuFront comment: (Also called baiu front). A quasi-persistent, nearly stationary, east?west-oriented weak baroclinic zone in the lower troposphere that typically stretches from the east China coast, across Taiwan, and eastward into the Pacific, south of Japan. The term ?mei-yu? is the Chinese expression for ?plum rains.? The mei-yu front generally occurs from mid- to late spring through early to midsummer. This low-level baroclinic zone typically lies beneath a confluent jet entrance region aloft situated downstream of the Tibetan Plateau. The mei-yu/baiu front is very significant in the weather and climate of southeast Asia as it serves as the focus for persistent heavy convective rainfall associated with mesoscale convective complexes (MCCs) or mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that propagate eastward along the baroclinic zone. The moisture source is typically the South China Sea and sometimes the Bay of Bengal. The usual lifting mechanism is low-level warm-air advection in association with a low-level jet on the equatorward flank of the baroclinic zone. Deep ascent and resulting organized MCCs/MCSs are especially favored when the low-level warm-air advection is situated beneath the favorable equatorward jet entrance region aloft. is_a: Front [Term] id: Melange name: Melange comment: A mŽlange is a large scale breccia, a mappable body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The mŽlange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithologies of altered oceanic crustal material and blocks of continental slope sediments in a sheared mudstone matrix. Some larger blocks of rock may be as much as 1 km across. [Wikipedia] is_a: Rock [Term] id: Meltem name: Meltem comment: 1. (Also spelled melt?mi.) A strong wind from the northeast or east that often sets in suddenly and blows during the day in summer on the Bulgarian coast and in the Bosporus. 2. Same as monsoon. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Melting name: Melting is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: MeltingPoint name: MeltingPoint is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Mergozzo name: Mergozzo comment: Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: MeridionalWind name: MeridionalWind comment: The wind or wind component along the local meridian, as distinguished from the zonal wind. In a horizontal coordinate system fixed locally with the x axis directed eastward and the y axis northward, the meridional wind is positive if from the south, and negative if from the north. is_a: Wind [Term] id: Mesa name: Mesa is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: Mesoanticyclone name: Mesoanticyclone comment: An anticyclonically rotating vortex, around 210 km in diameter, in a convective storm. is_a: AtmosphericAnticyclone relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: Mesoclimate name: Mesoclimate comment: The climate of a natural region of small extent, for example, valley, forest, plantation, and park. Because of subtle differences in elevation and exposure, the climate may not be representative of the general climate of the region. is_a: Climate [Term] id: Mesocyclone name: Mesocyclone comment: A cyclonically rotating vortex, around 2?10 km in diameter, in a convective storm. The vorticity associated with a mesocyclone is often on the order of 10-2 s-1 or greater. (It should be noted that a mesocyclone is not just any cyclone on the mesoscale; it refers specifically to cyclones within convective storms.) Mesocyclones are frequently found in conjunction with updrafts in supercells. Tornadoes sometimes form in mesocyclones. Persistent mesocyclones that have significant vertical extent are detected by Doppler radar as mesocyclone signatures. Tornado warnings may be issued when a mesocyclone signature is detected. is_a: AtmosphericCyclone relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: MesocycloneSignature name: MesocycloneSignature comment: The Doppler velocity pattern of a mesocyclone within a severe thunderstorm. In a storm-relative reference frame, the idealized signature is symmetric about the radar viewing direction with marked azimuthal shear across the core region between peak Doppler velocity values of opposite sign. Typical signatures consist of Doppler velocity differences of 25? 75 m s-1 across core diameters of 2?8 km, with resulting azimuthal shear values of 5 ? 10-3 s-1 to 2 ? 10-2 s-1. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Mesojet name: Mesojet comment: A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Mesolow name: Mesolow comment: A low pressure area on the mesoscale. It has been used to refer both to features observed within convective storms and features even larger in scale. is_a: AtmosphericLowPressure [Term] id: Mesopause name: Mesopause comment: The top of the mesosphere and the base of the thermosphere. The mesopause is usually located at heights of 85?95 km, and is the site of the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperatures as low as 100 K (- 173?C) have been measured at the mesopause by rockets. See atmospheric shell. is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: MesopelagicZone name: MesopelagicZone is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: MesoscaleCellularConvection name: MesoscaleCellularConvection comment: A regular pattern of convective cells that can develop in an atmospheric boundary layer heated from below or radiatively cooled from cloud top. This phenomenon is readily observed in satellite imagery during cold air outbreaks when continental air passes over the relatively warm coastal ocean. Cloud lines, marking horizontal roll vortices, form initially in the developing marine atmospheric boundary layer. These lines evolve into open cells, which are defined by clouds in the upward motion along the edges of honeycomb- shaped cells, with less cloudy subsiding air in their centers. The convective structure further evolves into closed cells, which have cloudy centers and cloud-free edges. is_a: CellCluster [Term] id: MesoscaleConvectiveComplex name: MesoscaleConvectiveComplex name: Mesoscale Convective Complex comment: A subset of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) that exhibit a large, circular (as observed by satellite), long-lived, cold cloud shield. Alternatively, a dynamical definition of an MCC requires that the system have a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibit a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. In midlatitude MCS environments, the Rossby radius of deformation is about 300 km. is_a: MesoscaleConvectiveSystem [Term] id: MesoscaleConvectiveSystem name: MesoscaleConvectiveSystem comment: A cloud system that occurs in connection with an ensemble of thunderstorms and produces a contiguous precipitation area on the order of 100 km or more in horizontal scale in at least one direction. An MCS exhibits deep, moist convective overturning contiguous with or embedded within a mesoscale vertical circulation that is at least partially driven by the convective overturning. is_a: Storm [Term] id: MesoscaleDisturbance name: MesoscaleDisturbance comment: A disturbance where the atmospheric feature has a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibits a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. For such systems, both ageostrophic advection and rotational influences are important. is_a: AtmosphericDisturbance [Term] id: MesoscaleEddy name: MesoscaleEddy comment: In oceanography, densely packed, irregularly oval- shaped high and low pressure centers roughly 400 km (240 miles) in diameter in which current intensities are typically tenfold greater than the local means. is_a: Eddy equivalent_to: ModeEddy [Term] id: MesoscaleWind name: MesoscaleWind is_a: Wind [Term] id: Mesosphere name: Mesosphere comment: The mesosphere refers to the mantle in the region between the asthenosphere and the outer core. The upper boundary is defined as the sharp increase in seismic wave velocities and density at a depth of 660 km. [Wikipedia] is_a: AtmosphereLayer equivalent_to: UpperMantleRigid relationship: hasLowerBoundary Stratopause relationship: hasUpperBoundary Mesopause [Term] id: MetabolicPathway name: MetabolicPathway is_a: BiologicalPhenomena is_a: Path [Term] id: Metadata name: Metadata is_a: Representation [Term] id: Metal name: Metal comment: A metal is a chemical element whose atoms readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), and form metallic bonds between other metal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal atoms.[Wikipedia] is_a: Element disjoint_from: Metalloid disjoint_from: Nonmetal [Term] id: Metalloid name: Metalloid is_a: Element disjoint_from: Nonmetal [Term] id: Metamorphic name: Metamorphic comment: One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When sedimentary (and/or) igneous layers are folded, bent or twisted by heat and pressure due to motions of tectonic plates or intrusions by magma, the rocky material is transformed into other rock called metamorphic rock. [Wikipedia] is_a: RockCycleProcess [Term] id: MetamorphicRock name: MetamorphicRock comment: One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface [wicktionary] is_a: Rock relationship: hasGenesis Metamorphic [Term] id: Metamorphism name: Metamorphism is_a: Consolidation [Term] id: Meteor name: Meteor is_a: Rock [Term] id: Meteorite name: Meteorite comment: Meteoric substances are rocks that have composition significantly different from earth rocks. Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites are largely composed of metallic iron-nickel; and, stony-iron meteorites contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. [Wikipedia] is_a: Meteor [Term] id: MeteorologicalPhenomena name: MeteorologicalPhenomena is_a: AtmosphericPhenomena [Term] id: Meteorology name: Meteorology is_a: AtmosphericScience [Term] id: MethodRule name: MethodRule is_a: InferenceRule [Term] id: Metric name: Metric is_a: Measure [Term] id: MetropolitanArea name: MetropolitanArea is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside Country [Term] id: MetropolitanStatisticalArea name: MetropolitanStatisticalArea is_a: MetropolitanArea [Term] id: Microburst name: Microburst is_a: Wind [Term] id: Microclimate name: Microclimate is_a: Climate [Term] id: Microfossil name: Microfossil comment: Fossils which are of microscopic size such as bacteria. [Wikipedia] is_a: Fossil [Term] id: Microfracture name: Microfracture is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Microfront name: Microfront comment: A sharp horizontal temperature contrast of a few degrees Celsius within a width of tens of centimeters to a few meters along the trailing edge of a thermal plume in the surface layer of the atmospheric boundary layer. is_a: Front [Term] id: MidRange name: MidRange is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: MiddleAtmosphere name: MiddleAtmosphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer equivalent_to: OzoneLayer [Term] id: Midnight name: Midnight is_a: Instant [Term] id: MieScattering name: MieScattering comment: scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation is_a: Scattering [Term] id: Miejour name: Miejour comment: A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees. is_a: SeaBreeze [Term] id: Migration name: Migration is_a: EcologicalDynamics is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: MilankovitchCycle name: MilankovitchCycle is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Military name: Military is_a: Jurisdiction [Term] id: MilitaryAviation name: MilitaryAviation is_a: Aviation relationship: hasJurisdiction Military [Term] id: MineralAssessment name: MineralAssessment is_a: Level [Term] id: Mineralogy name: Mineralogy is_a: Science [Term] id: MiniSupercell name: MiniSupercell comment: Convective storm that contains similar radar characteristics to those of a supercell (e.g., hook echo, WER, BWER), but is significantly smaller in height and width. The diameter of the radar-detected rotation is 1?8 km. This is a relatively new storm type, the existence of which has been confirmed by data from the recently installed WSR?88D radars in the US. Mini-supercells occur in areas where the height of the equilibrium level is low, most often in the northern US, but possibly under certain weather conditions in any area of the world. They are sometimes found in landfalling tropical cyclones. is_a: ConvectiveStorm [Term] id: Minimum name: Minimum is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: MinimumValid name: MinimumValid is_a: Value [Term] id: Mining name: Mining is_a: Extraction [Term] id: MinorRidge name: MinorRidge comment: A ridge of smaller scale than a long-wave ridge. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory anticyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave. is_a: AtmosphericRidge [Term] id: MinorTrough name: MinorTrough comment: A pressure trough of smaller scale than a long-wave trough. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory cyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave. is_a: AtmosphericTrough [Term] id: MirrorPoint name: MirrorPoint is_a: Location [Term] id: MissingValue name: MissingValue is_a: Value [Term] id: MissionTestedEnvironment name: MissionTestedEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting [Term] id: Mist name: Mist is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation [Term] id: Mix name: Mix equivalent_to: Mixing [Term] id: MixedChemicalSubstance name: MixedChemicalSubstance equivalent_to: Mixture [Term] id: MixedCloud name: MixedCloud comment: A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: MixedLayer name: MixedLayer comment: A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. is_a: BoundaryLayer is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: hasPhenomena Turbulence [Term] id: MixedLayerCappingInversion name: MixedLayerCappingInversion comment: The statically stable layer of air at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. Because the troposphere is statically stable on the average (i.e., potential temperature increases with height), and because turbulence in the boundary layer causes potential temperatures to become somewhat well mixed there, conservation of heat requires that there be a potential temperature increase (i.e., a temperature step or inversion) at the top of the boundary layer. It is this inversion that separates the boundary layer from the rest of the troposphere by limiting the domain of turbulence. It is also responsible for trapping pollutants near the ground during fair weather. is_a: CappingInversion [Term] id: MixedLayerEvolution name: MixedLayerEvolution comment: The three-part change of the atmospheric boundary layer that typically occurs during fair weather over land on sunny days. In the early morning, the mixed layer is shallow, slowly deepening, cool (in a potential temperature sense), and is capped by the remains of the stable boundary layer from the previous night. In mid- to late morning, the top of the mixed layer exhibits rapid rise as heating eliminates the nocturnal inversion, and the mixed layer grows through the residual layer. The third stage in late morning and afternoon is that of a deep (order of 1?2 km) convective boundary layer of relatively constant depth. is_a: Evolution relationship: hasRealm MixedLayer [Term] id: Mixing name: Mixing is_a: DynamicalPhenomena disjoint_from: Separation [Term] id: MixingCloud name: MixingCloud comment: A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena Mixing [Term] id: MixingFog name: MixingFog comment: Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures. is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena Mixing [Term] id: MixingHeight name: MixingHeight is_a: Height [Term] id: MixingLength name: MixingLength is_a: Distance [Term] id: MixingScheme name: MixingScheme is_a: Parameterization [Term] id: Mixture name: Mixture comment: In chemistry, a mixture is when two or more different substances are mixed together but not combined chemically. The molecules of two or more different substances are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions, and colloids. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalSubstance [Term] id: Moazagotl name: Moazagotl comment: A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud. is_a: LenticularCloud [Term] id: MoazagotlWind name: MoazagotlWind comment: The strong wind blowing across a mountain crest, responsible for the formation of the Moazagotl cloud. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MobilePhone name: MobilePhone is_a: Phone [Term] id: Mode name: Mode is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: Model name: Model is_a: Representation equivalent_to: ScientificModel [Term] id: ModulusOfElasticity name: ModulusOfElasticity equivalent_to: YoungsModulus [Term] id: Moho name: Moho comment: The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovi_i_ discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary equivalent_to: Mohorovi_i_Discontinuity [Term] id: MoistConvection name: MoistConvection comment: Atmospheric convection in which the phase changes of water play an appreciable role. All cumuliform clouds are manifestations of moist convection. The enthalpy exchange between condensing water vapor or freezing liquid water and air (see latent heat) is a major contributor to the positive buoyancy of updrafts, while the reverse exchange between air and evaporating water or melting ice contributes strongly to the negative buoyancy of downdrafts. is_a: Convection [Term] id: MoistTongue name: MoistTongue comment: An extension or protrusion of moist air into a region of lower moisture content. Cloudiness and precipitation are closely related to moist tongues. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Moisture name: Moisture is_a: WaterConcentration [Term] id: MoistureClimate name: MoistureClimate is_a: Climate relationship: hasQuantity Moisture [Term] id: MoisturePooling name: MoisturePooling comment: The development of an area in the boundary layer (e.g., often observed on surface or 850-mb charts) where moisture values become higher than in the surrounding region. Moisture pooling typically occurs in an area of low-level convergence during the warm (growing) season, and can have a significant effect on convection initiation and evolution. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: MoistureState name: MoistureState is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: Molan name: Molan comment: Breeze blowing from Arve toward Geneva in Switzerland. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Molasse name: Molasse comment: Molasse refers to the sandstones, shales and conglomerates formed as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains deposited in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch, for example that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. These deposits are typically the non-marine alluvial and fluvial sediments of lowlands, as compared to deep-water flysch sediments. Sedimentation stops once the orogeny stops, or once the mountains have eroded flat. [Wikipedia] is_a: Sedimentary [Term] id: MolecularWeight name: MolecularWeight is_a: MassConcentration [Term] id: Molecule name: Molecule is_a: SubstanceForm [Term] id: Moles name: Moles is_a: Quantity [Term] id: Moment name: Moment is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: Momentum name: Momentum is_a: MotionProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: MomentumFlux name: MomentumFlux is_a: Flux is_a: Pressure [Term] id: Monitor name: Monitor is_a: Research equivalent_to: Monitoring [Term] id: MonitoringWell name: MonitoringWell is_a: Well [Term] id: Monsoon name: Monsoon is_a: Storm [Term] id: MonsoonDepression name: MonsoonDepression comment: A depression that forms within the monsoon trough. The term is most frequently used to describe weak cyclonic disturbances that form over the Bay of Bengal and generally track northwestward over the Indian subcontinent. These occasionally intensify into tropical cyclones if they remain over warm ocean water long enough. The term is also used to describe depressions that form within the monsoon trough near Australia and in the western North Pacific region. The term has gained ascendancy in use to refer to a broad tropical cyclonic vortex characterized by 1) its large size, where the outermost closed isobar may have a diameter on the order of 600 n mi (1000 km); 2) a loosely organized cluster of deep convective elements, which may form an elongated band of deep convection in the east semicircle; 3) a low- level wind distribution that features a 100 n mi (200 km) diameter light-wind core, which may be surrounded by a band of gales or contain a highly asymmetric wind field; and 4) a lack of a distinct cloud system center. Most monsoon depressions that develop in the western North Pacific eventually acquire persistent central convection and accelerated core winds, marking their transitions into conventional tropical cyclones. is_a: Monsoon [Term] id: MonsoonFog name: MonsoonFog comment: An advection fog produced as a monsoon circulation that transports warm moist air over a colder surface. is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena Advection relationship: hasPhenomena Monsoon [Term] id: MonsoonGyre name: MonsoonGyre comment: A convection of the summer monsoon circulation of the western North Pacific characterized by 1) a very large nearly circular low-level cyclonic vortex (not the result of the expanding wind field of a preexisting monsoon depression or tropical cyclone) that has an outermost closed isobar with a diameter on the order of 1200 n mi (2500 km); 2) a cloud band bordering the southern through eastern periphery of the vortex/surface low; and 3) a relatively long (two week) life span. Initially, a subsequent regime exists in its core and western and northwestern quadrants with light winds and scattered low cumulus clouds; later, the area within the outer closed isobar may fill with deep convective cloud and become a isobar or tropical cyclone. Note: a series of midget tropical cyclones may emerge from the ?head? or leading edge of the peripheral tropical cyclone of a monsoon gyre. is_a: Circulation relationship: hasPhenomena Convection [Term] id: MonsoonLow name: MonsoonLow comment: A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low. is_a: AtmosphericLowPressure relationship: hasPhenomena Monsoon [Term] id: MonsoonSurge name: MonsoonSurge comment: The temporary extension of deep monsoon flow into a region not normally dominated by persistent monsoon flow. This temporary extension or surge may last from a few days to three weeks. These surges most commonly occur eastward across the Philippine Sea into the western North Pacific and east of Australia into the western South Pacific. The establishment of a reverse-oriented monsoon trough is accompanied by an eastward surge in the monsoon flow. Monsoon surges are often precursors to the development of tropical cyclones. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MonthRange name: MonthRange is_a: Duration [Term] id: MonthlyAverage name: MonthlyAverage is_a: TimeMean [Term] id: Moon name: Moon is_a: AstronomicalBody relationship: revolvesAround Planet [Term] id: Morget name: Morget comment: The night land breeze on Lake Geneva, Switzerland. It blows from the north from 5-7 P.M. until 7-9 A.M. as a poweful breeze. In the late fall and winter it blows almost throughout the day. is_a: LandBreeze [Term] id: Morning name: Morning is_a: Daytime [Term] id: Morphology name: Morphology is_a: SpatialProperty [Term] id: Moss name: Moss is_a: Plant [Term] id: Motion name: Motion is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: MotionProperty name: MotionProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty relationship: studyOf Dynamics [Term] id: Mountain name: Mountain is_a: Landform equivalent_to: Orography [Term] id: MountainBreeze name: MountainBreeze comment: A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MountainFog name: MountainFog comment: Fog formed by orographic lifting to condensation of moist air up a mountain slope.\n is_a: Fog equivalent_to: OrographicFog relationship: hasRealm Mountain [Term] id: MountainGapWind name: MountainGapWind comment: A local wind blowing through a gap between mountains, a gap wind. This term was introduced by R. S. Scorer (1952) for the surface winds blowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. When air stratification is stable, as it usually is in summer, the air tends to flow through the gap from high to low pressure, emerging as a ?jet? with large standing eddies in the lee of the gap. The excess of pressure on the upwind side is attributed to a pool of cold air held up by the mountains. Similar winds occur at other gaps in mountain ranges, such as the tehuantepecer and the jochwinde, and in long channels, such as the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Compare jet-effect wind, canyon wind, mountain wind. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MountainPlainWind name: MountainPlainWind comment: The diurnal cycle of local winds between a mountain or a mountain range and the adjacent or surrounding plains during periods of weak synoptic flow. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MountainRange name: MountainRange is_a: Cluster relationship: clusterOf Mountain [Term] id: MountainRegion name: MountainRegion is_a: LandRegion relationship: hasRealm Mountain [Term] id: MountainValleyWind name: MountainValleyWind comment: The diurnal cycle of local winds in a mountain valley during clear or mostly clear periods of weak synoptic flow. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: MountainWave name: MountainWave comment: An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier. is_a: AtmosphericWave relationship: hasRealm Mountain [Term] id: MountainWaveCloud name: MountainWaveCloud comment: A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena MountainWave [Term] id: MountainWind name: MountainWind comment: A nocturnal, thermally forced wind from the direction of the mountains, generated by cooling along the mountain slopes; a downvalley wind, or the nighttime downslope (katabatic) component of a mountain?plains wind system. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Mountain [Term] id: Mouth name: Mouth is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Mud name: Mud is_a: Sediment [Term] id: MudFlat name: MudFlat is_a: CoastalLandform [Term] id: Mudflow name: Mudflow comment: A flowage of water-saturated earth material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A less-saturated flowing mass is often called a debris flow. A mudflow originating on the flank of a volcano is properly called a lahar. is_a: DebrisFlow [Term] id: Mudslide name: Mudslide is_a: Slide [Term] id: Multiattribute name: Multiattribute is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: Error17 [Term] id: MulticellConvectiveStorm name: MulticellConvectiveStorm comment: A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm. is_a: SplittingConvectiveStorm [Term] id: Multiobjective name: Multiobjective is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: Error16 [Term] id: MultipleDecisionMaker name: MultipleDecisionMaker is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: Error18 [Term] id: MultipleIntegral name: MultipleIntegral is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasFunction Integral [Term] id: Multiplication name: Multiplication is_a: BinaryOperation equivalent_to: Product [Term] id: Multivortex name: Multivortex is_a: Cluster relationship: clusterOf Vortex [Term] id: Mushroom name: Mushroom is_a: FungiTaxonomy [Term] id: Mutation name: Mutation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Mutualism name: Mutualism is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: NAO name: NAO equivalent_to: NorthAtlanticOscillation [Term] id: NRMI name: NRMI equivalent_to: NaturalResourceManagementIndex [Term] id: N_aschi name: N_aschi comment: The Arabic name for a northeasterly wind that ocurrs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf and also on the Makran coast. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Nacreous name: Nacreous is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Nadir name: Nadir is_a: Location [Term] id: Name name: Name is_a: CategoricalProperty [Term] id: Narbonnais name: Narbonnais comment: (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Native name: Native is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: NaturalResourceManagementIndex name: NaturalResourceManagementIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: NaturalSelection name: NaturalSelection is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Navigation name: Navigation is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: NavigationEquipment name: NavigationEquipment is_a: Equipment relationship: hasHumanActivity Navigation [Term] id: Needleleaf name: Needleleaf is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: NegativeFeedback name: NegativeFeedback is_a: Feedback disjoint_from: PositiveFeedback [Term] id: Neighborhood name: Neighborhood is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: NeotectonicPeriod name: NeotectonicPeriod is_a: TimeReference [Term] id: Neotectonics name: Neotectonics comment: Neotectonics is a subdiscipline of tectonics. It is the study of the motions and deformations of the Earth's crust (geological and geomorphological processes) which are current or recent in geologic time.[1] The term may also refer to the motions/deformations in question themselves. The corresponding time frame is referred to as the neotectonic period. is_a: Tectonics relationship: hasTimeReference NeotectonicPeriod [Term] id: NeriticZone name: NeriticZone is_a: WaterBodyLayer [Term] id: Network name: Network is_a: Error19 is_a: Graph [Term] id: NeutralGas name: NeutralGas is_a: ChemicalSubstance [Term] id: NeutralTemperature name: NeutralTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: NeutralVelocity name: NeutralVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Neutralization name: Neutralization comment: In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction (also called a water forming reaction since a water molecule is formed during the process) in which an acid and a base or alkali (soluble base) react to produce salt and water (H2O). During the process, hydrogen ions H+ (a bare proton) from the acid (proton donor) or a hydronium ion H3O+ and hydroxide ions OH_ or oxide ions O2_ from the base (proton acceptor) react together to form a water molecule H2O. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Neutrino name: Neutrino is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: Neutron name: Neutron is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: NewtonianRelaxation name: NewtonianRelaxation is_a: NumericalSolution [Term] id: NightWind name: NightWind comment: Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Nighttime name: Nighttime is_a: ProperInterval equivalent_to: Nocturnal [Term] id: Nimbostratus name: Nimbostratus comment: A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Nitrification name: Nitrification is_a: Reaction [Term] id: NobleGas name: NobleGas is_a: Element [Term] id: NoctilueentCloud name: NoctilueentCloud comment: (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: NocturnalBoundaryLayer name: NocturnalBoundaryLayer comment: The cool layer of air adjacent to the ground that forms at night. At night under clear skies, radiation to space cools the land surface, which in turn cools the adjacent air through processes of molecular conduction, turbulence, and radiative transfer. This causes a stable boundary layer to form and grow to depths of a few hundreds of meters, depending on the season. Many interacting processes can occur within the statically stable nocturnal boundary layer: patchy sporadic turbulence, internal gravity waves, drainage flows, inertial oscillations, and nocturnal jets. is_a: BoundaryLayer relationship: hasPhenomena NocturnalCooling [Term] id: NocturnalCooling name: NocturnalCooling comment: The lowering of temperature during night time, due to a net loss of radiant energy. is_a: RadiationalCooling relationship: hasTime Nocturnal [Term] id: Node name: Node equivalent_to: Vertex [Term] id: Noise name: Noise is_a: WavePhenomena [Term] id: NoisePollution name: NoisePollution is_a: Pollution relationship: hasImpactOn Noise [Term] id: NonIonizingRadiation name: NonIonizingRadiation is_a: Radiation [Term] id: NonOrographic name: NonOrographic is_a: Landform disjoint_from: Orographic [Term] id: NonSupercellTornado name: NonSupercellTornado comment: A tornado that occurs with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting midlevel mesocyclone. Landspouts and gustnadoes are examples of the nonsupercell tornado. is_a: Tornado [Term] id: Nonlinear name: Nonlinear is_a: Function [Term] id: Nonmetal name: Nonmetal is_a: Element [Term] id: Noon name: Noon is_a: Instant [Term] id: Normal name: Normal is_a: DistributionFunction equivalent_to: NormalDistribution [Term] id: NormalStress name: NormalStress equivalent_to: TensileStress [Term] id: Normalization name: Normalization is_a: Operation [Term] id: NormalizedFunction name: NormalizedFunction is_a: Function [Term] id: Nortada name: Nortada comment: A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Norte name: Norte is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: NorthAtlanticOscillation name: NorthAtlanticOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: NorthAtlanticOscillationIndex name: NorthAtlanticOscillationIndex is_a: IndexDefinedByDifference relationship: measureOf NAO [Term] id: NorthFoehn name: NorthFoehn comment: A northerly foehn wind blowing down the Italian side of the Alps. The northern slopes are normally cooler than the southern slopes, and the dynamic warming is often insufficient to overcome the difference of temperature. Hence a warm dry northerly wind of foehnlike character occurs less frequently than the south foehn.\n is_a: Foehn [Term] id: NorthLatitudeBand name: NorthLatitudeBand is_a: LatitudeBand [Term] id: NorthLatitudeLine name: NorthLatitudeLine is_a: LatitudeLine [Term] id: NorthPacificOscillationIndex name: NorthPacificOscillationIndex is_a: IndexDefinedByDifference relationship: measureOf PDO [Term] id: NortheastStorm name: NortheastStorm comment: A cyclonic storm off the east coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are from the northeast. is_a: Storm [Term] id: Northeaster name: Northeaster comment: A northeast wind, particularly a strong wind or gale. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: Norther name: Norther comment: A northerly wind; in general, a cold windstorm from the north. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: NorthernHemisphere name: NorthernHemisphere is_a: NorthLatitudeBand [Term] id: Northwester name: Northwester comment: (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester).\n is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: NuclearFusion name: NuclearFusion is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: NuclearWinter name: NuclearWinter is_a: ClimatePhenomena [Term] id: Nucleation name: Nucleation comment: Nucleation is the extremely localized budding of a distinct thermodynamic phase. Some examples of phases that may form via nucleation in liquids are gaseous bubbles, crystals, or glassy regions. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Nucleon name: Nucleon comment: A collective name for the two baryons: neutron and the proton. union_of: Neutron union_of: Proton [Term] id: Nucleosynthesis name: Nucleosynthesis is_a: Genesis is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: NumericalApproximation name: NumericalApproximation is_a: Approximation [Term] id: NumericalEntity name: NumericalEntity is_a: Representation [Term] id: NumericalSolution name: NumericalSolution is_a: Solution [Term] id: Nursing name: Nursing is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: NutrientLoading name: NutrientLoading is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: NutritionScience name: NutritionScience is_a: Biology relationship: studyOf Food [Term] id: OLS name: OLS equivalent_to: OrdinaryLeastSquares [Term] id: Objective name: Objective is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Obscuration name: Obscuration is_a: Fog [Term] id: Observation name: Observation is_a: Investigation equivalent_to: Observe [Term] id: Obsidian name: Obsidian comment: Obsidian, a type of quenched lava, is a silicic black volcanic glass [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: Lava [Term] id: Obstruction name: Obstruction is_a: Barrier [Term] id: ObukhovLength name: ObukhovLength is_a: Distance [Term] id: OccludedFront name: OccludedFront comment: A front that forms as a cyclone moves deeper into colder air. is_a: Front [Term] id: Ocean name: Ocean comment: An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. [Wikipedia] is_a: Hydrosphere relationship: hasUpperBoundary PlanetarySurface [Term] id: OceanAcidification name: OceanAcidification is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: OceanArea name: OceanArea is_a: Area [Term] id: OceanCirculation name: OceanCirculation is_a: Circulation is_a: OceanPhenomena [Term] id: OceanConveyorBelt name: OceanConveyorBelt comment: The global recirculation of water masses that determines today's climate. is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: OceanCurrent name: OceanCurrent is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: OceanDepth name: OceanDepth is_a: Depth [Term] id: OceanEnvironmentalImpact name: OceanEnvironmentalImpact is_a: EnvironmentalImpact relationship: hasImpactOn Ocean [Term] id: OceanGyre name: OceanGyre is_a: Gyre is_a: OceanPhenomena [Term] id: OceanMixing name: OceanMixing comment: Any process or series of processes by which parcels of ocean water with different properties are brought into intimate small-scale contact, so that molecular diffusion erases the differences between them.\n is_a: Mixing is_a: OceanPhenomena [Term] id: OceanPhenomena name: OceanPhenomena is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: OceanRegion name: OceanRegion is_a: PlanetaryRealm relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: OceanTide name: OceanTide comment: The periodic rising and falling of the earth's oceans and atmosphere.\n It results from the tide-producing forces of the moon and sun acting upon the rotating earth. This disturbance actually propagates as a wave through the atmosphere and along the surface of the waters of the earth. Atmospheric tides are always so designated, whereas the term ÒtideÒ alone commonly implies the oceanic variety. Sometimes, the consequent horizontal movement of water along the coastlines is also called Òtide,Ó but it is preferable to designate the latter as tidal current, reserving the name tide for the vertical wavelike movement. is_a: CoastalPhenomena is_a: Tide [Term] id: OceanVolume name: OceanVolume is_a: Volume [Term] id: OceanWind name: OceanWind is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: Oceanography name: Oceanography is_a: PlanetaryScience [Term] id: Oceanology name: Oceanology is_a: Oceanography [Term] id: OcularMelanoma name: OcularMelanoma is_a: Cancer [Term] id: Offset name: Offset is_a: Value [Term] id: OffshoreWind name: OffshoreWind comment: Wind blowing from land to sea. During synoptic conditions of light winds, offshore winds near the surface often occur at night as a component of the land breeze. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: originatesFrom Land [Term] id: OilSpill name: OilSpill is_a: Spill [Term] id: OldGrowth name: OldGrowth is_a: Vegetation disjoint_from: SecondGrowth [Term] id: Omega name: Omega is_a: VerticalVelocity [Term] id: OnshoreWind name: OnshoreWind comment: A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: originatesFrom Ocean [Term] id: Opacity name: Opacity comment: The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: OpenChannelFlow name: OpenChannelFlow comment: Flow of a fluid with its surface exposed to the atmosphere. is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: OpenOcean name: OpenOcean is_a: OceanRegion [Term] id: Operation name: Operation comment: An operation is an action or procedure which produces a new value from one or more input values. [Wikipedia] is_a: MathematicalProcess [Term] id: OperationOnFunction name: OperationOnFunction is_a: Operation relationship: hasInput Function [Term] id: OperationalEnvironment name: OperationalEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting [Term] id: Ophiolite name: Ophiolite comment: An Ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: OpticalDepth name: OpticalDepth comment: The optical thickness measured vertically above some given altitude. Optical depth is dimensionless and may be used to specify many different radiative characteristics of the atmosphere. is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity equivalent_to: OpticalThickness [Term] id: OpticalMass name: OpticalMass comment: The vertical integral of the density of absorbers between two altitudes; used mainly in determining the transmission through an absorbing gas. is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: Optimization name: Optimization equivalent_to: Optimize [Term] id: OptimizationFunction name: OptimizationFunction is_a: Function [Term] id: Optimize name: Optimize is_a: DecisionActivity is_a: OperationOnFunction [Term] id: Orbit name: Orbit is_a: Path [Term] id: OrbitalConfiguration name: OrbitalConfiguration is_a: SpatialConfiguration relationship: hasProcess Orbit [Term] id: OrbitalMotion name: OrbitalMotion comment: In hydrodynamics, the motion of a fluid particle induced by the passage of a progressive gravity wave. is_a: Orbit [Term] id: Order name: Order equivalent_to: Seq [Term] id: OrderedPair name: OrderedPair is_a: 2D is_a: Array is_a: Error4 is_a: Error5 [Term] id: OrderedTriple name: OrderedTriple is_a: 3D is_a: Array is_a: Error1 is_a: Error2 is_a: Error3 [Term] id: OrderedVertexPair name: OrderedVertexPair is_a: OrderedPair relationship: eachElementHasType Vertex [Term] id: OrdinalProperty name: OrdinalProperty is_a: OrdinalScale is_a: Property [Term] id: OrdinalScale name: OrdinalScale is_a: MeasurementScale disjoint_from: QuantitativeScale [Term] id: OrdinaryLeastSquares name: OrdinaryLeastSquares is_a: Regression [Term] id: OrganicLoading name: OrganicLoading is_a: DissolvedSubstance [Term] id: Organism name: Organism is_a: LivingEntity [Term] id: Orientation name: Orientation is_a: Direction is_a: Force [Term] id: Orogen name: Orogen is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: hasPhenomena Deformation relationship: hasPhenomena OrogenicCollapse relationship: hasPhenomena Orogeny relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure ForelandBasin relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure Suture relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure Terrane relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure ThrustSystem relationship: hasSubstance Melange [Term] id: Orogenesis name: Orogenesis is_a: GeologicalPhenomena [Term] id: OrogenicCollapse name: OrogenicCollapse comment: The process in which mountains begin to collapse under their own weight and spread out laterally. is_a: TectonicPhenomena relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure SuccessorBasin relationship: hasRealm Orogen relationship: hasSubstance AnorogenicIgneousRock [Term] id: Orogeny name: Orogeny comment: Orogeny refers to natural mountain building, and may be studied as (a) a tectonic structural event, (b) as a geographical event, and (c) a chronological event. Orogenic events (a) cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, (b) affect certain regions of rocks and crust, and (c) happen within a specific period of time. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Orographic name: Orographic equivalent_to: Orography [Term] id: OrographicCloud name: OrographicCloud comment: Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. is_a: Cloud relationship: hasPhenomena Orographic [Term] id: OrographicLifting name: OrographicLifting comment: Ascending air flow caused by mountains. Mechanisms that produce the lifting fall into two broad categories: 1) the upward deflection of horizontal larger-scale flow by the orography acting as an obstacle or barrier; or 2) the daytime heating of mountain surfaces to produce anabatic flow along the slopes and updrafts in the vicinity of the peaks. is_a: Lifting relationship: hasPhenomena Orographic [Term] id: Orography name: Orography is_a: Landform [Term] id: Oscillation name: Oscillation is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: OuterCore name: OuterCore comment: The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mantle [Term] id: OuterLayer name: OuterLayer comment: For flow over a hill, the top layer in the boundary layer that accelerates relative to its upstream value due to the Bernoulli effect. is_a: BoundaryLayer [Term] id: OuterSpace name: OuterSpace is_a: Realm [Term] id: Outflow name: Outflow is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: OutflowBoundary name: OutflowBoundary comment: A surface boundary formed by the horizontal spreading of thunderstorm-cooled air. is_a: Front [Term] id: OutflowJet name: OutflowJet comment: Nocturnal cold-air jet flowing out of the mouth of a valley or canyon as it opens onto a plain. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Canyon relationship: hasRealm Valley [Term] id: Outgas name: Outgas is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Outgoing name: Outgoing is_a: Direction equivalent_to: Outward relationship: oppositeTo Incoming [Term] id: Output name: Output is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: Overflow name: Overflow is_a: SystemState [Term] id: OverlandFlow name: OverlandFlow is_a: Runoff [Term] id: Overpopulation name: Overpopulation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: OvershootingTop name: OvershootingTop comment: A domelike protrusion above a cumulonimbus anvil, representing the intrusion of an updraft through its equilibrium level. is_a: Cloud relationship: upperPartOf AnvilCloud ! Anvil Cloud [Term] id: Overturning name: Overturning is_a: Circulation [Term] id: Oxidation name: Oxidation comment: Reaction of a substance with oxygen or incorporation of oxygen into a molecule.\n is_a: Reaction disjoint_from: Reduction [Term] id: OxygenDemand name: OxygenDemand is_a: Density [Term] id: OzoneDepletion name: OzoneDepletion equivalent_to: OzoneHole [Term] id: OzoneHole name: OzoneHole is_a: AirPollution ! Air Pollution [Term] id: PC name: PC equivalent_to: PolarCapIndex [Term] id: PDI name: PDI equivalent_to: PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex [Term] id: PDO name: PDO equivalent_to: PacificDecadalOscillation [Term] id: PDSI name: PDSI equivalent_to: PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex [Term] id: PHDI name: PHDI equivalent_to: PalmerHydrologicalDroughtIndex [Term] id: PM1 name: PM1 is_a: Particulate [Term] id: PM10 name: PM10 is_a: Particulate [Term] id: PM2point5 name: PM2point5 is_a: Particulate [Term] id: PMode name: PMode is_a: AcousticWave is_a: SolarPhenomena [Term] id: PWave name: PWave comment: P waves are longitudinal or compressional waves, which means that the ground is alternately compressed and dilated in the direction of propagation. In solids these waves generally travel slightly less than twice as fast as S waves and can travel through any type of material. In air, these pressure waves take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1450 m/s in water and about 5000 m/s in granite. P waves are sometimes called primary waves. When generated by an earthquake they are less destructive than the S waves and surface waves that follow them, due to their lesser amplitudes. is_a: LongitudinalWave is_a: SeismicBodyWave equivalent_to: PrimaryWave [Term] id: PacificDecadalOscillation name: PacificDecadalOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: PacificNorthAmericanPattern name: PacificNorthAmericanPattern is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: PackIce name: PackIce is_a: DriftIce [Term] id: Packaging name: Packaging is_a: Production [Term] id: Pahoehoe name: Pahoehoe comment: Pahoehoe is basaltic lava that has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. These surface features are due to the movement of very fluid lava under a congealing surface crust. [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: Lava [Term] id: PairedMetamorphicBelt name: PairedMetamorphicBelt comment: A location where belts of high pressure, low temperature metamorphism on the oceanic side are associated with belts of high pressure, high temperature metamorphism on the continent side. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature relationship: hasPhenomena AsymmetricHeatFlow [Term] id: Paleoclimate name: Paleoclimate comment: Climate for periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available. is_a: Climate [Term] id: Paleoclimatology name: Paleoclimatology is_a: Climatology [Term] id: Paleomagnetism name: Paleomagnetism is_a: GeologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Paleontology name: Paleontology is_a: Biology [Term] id: Paleovegetation name: Paleovegetation is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: PalmerDroughtIndex name: PalmerDroughtIndex equivalent_to: PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex [Term] id: PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex name: PalmerDroughtSeverityIndex is_a: DroughtIndex [Term] id: PalmerHydrologicalDroughtIndex name: PalmerHydrologicalDroughtIndex is_a: DroughtIndex [Term] id: Parabola name: Parabola is_a: ConicSection [Term] id: Parabolic name: Parabolic is_a: GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: ParabolicTrough name: ParabolicTrough is_a: EnergyCollector [Term] id: Parallel name: Parallel is_a: Solution [Term] id: ParallelAlgorithm name: ParallelAlgorithm is_a: Algorithm is_a: Solution [Term] id: Parameter name: Parameter is_a: Dimension [Term] id: Parameterization name: Parameterization is_a: Model [Term] id: Parasitism name: Parasitism is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Parcel name: Parcel comment: An imaginary volume of fluid to which may be assigned various thermodynamic and kinematic quantities. is_a: Model [Term] id: PartialDerivative name: PartialDerivative is_a: Derivative is_a: VectorFieldOperation [Term] id: PartialPressure name: PartialPressure comment: The pressure that a component of a gaseous mixture would have if it alone occupied the same volume at the same temperature as the mixture. is_a: Pressure [Term] id: Particle name: Particle is_a: Substance [Term] id: Particulate name: Particulate comment: The term for solid or liquid particles found in a gas. Some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke. is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: Pass name: Pass is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: PassiveCloud name: PassiveCloud comment: A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. is_a: Cumulus ! Cumulus [Term] id: PassiveSolarEnergy name: PassiveSolarEnergy is_a: SolarEnergy [Term] id: Patch name: Patch is_a: Surface [Term] id: Path name: Path is_a: Array equivalent_to: Trajectory relationship: eachElementHasType Edge [Term] id: Pattern name: Pattern is_a: Trend [Term] id: Peak name: Peak is_a: GeometricalObject is_a: Maximum [Term] id: Peat name: Peat comment: Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands. is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Peatland name: Peatland comment: Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands, variously called bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests is_a: Wetland relationship: hasSubstance Peat [Term] id: Pebble name: Pebble is_a: Gravel [Term] id: PedestalCrater name: PedestalCrater is_a: Crater [Term] id: Pedogenesis name: Pedogenesis is_a: Genesis [Term] id: PelagicSubZone name: PelagicSubZone is_a: OceanRegion relationship: partOf PelagicZone [Term] id: PelagicZone name: PelagicZone comment: The pelagic zone is the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast.\n is_a: OceanRegion [Term] id: Penalty name: Penalty is_a: Enforcement [Term] id: Penumbra name: Penumbra is_a: Shadow [Term] id: PerMeterQuantity name: PerMeterQuantity is_a: Quantity [Term] id: Percentile name: Percentile is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: Perchlorate name: Perchlorate is_a: InorganicAcid [Term] id: Percolate name: Percolate equivalent_to: Percolation [Term] id: Percolation name: Percolation comment: Percolation concerns the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. is_a: Transport [Term] id: Peridotite name: Peridotite is_a: IgneousRock [Term] id: Period name: Period comment: Eras are divided into periods. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit is_a: ProperInterval relationship: temporalPartOf Era [Term] id: PeripheralForelandBasin name: PeripheralForelandBasin comment: Peripheral (Pro) foreland basins occur on the plate that is subducted or underthrust during plate collision (i.e. the outer arc of the orogen). is_a: Basin relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure FlyschBasin relationship: hasSubstance Molasse [Term] id: Periphery name: Periphery is_a: Margin [Term] id: Permeability name: Permeability is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: Permit name: Permit is_a: GovtActivity [Term] id: Permittivity name: Permittivity is_a: ElectromagneticQuantity [Term] id: Peroxide name: Peroxide is_a: InorganicCompound [Term] id: Perturbation name: Perturbation comment: Any departure introduced into an assumed steady state of a system. The magnitude is often assumed to be small so that product terms in the dependent variables may be neglected. is_a: Variation [Term] id: Petrography name: Petrography is_a: Petrology [Term] id: Petrology name: Petrology is_a: Geology relationship: studyOf Rock [Term] id: PhaseTransition name: PhaseTransition equivalent_to: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: PhaseVelocity name: PhaseVelocity is_a: Velocity is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: Phenology name: Phenology is_a: Climatology [Term] id: Phone name: Phone is_a: CommunicationMethod is_a: CommunicationsEquipment [Term] id: Phosphorescence name: Phosphorescence comment: Continues to glow after light source is removed is_a: Fluorescence [Term] id: PhoticZone name: PhoticZone comment: The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: above AphoticZone relationship: hasPhenomena Photosynthesis relationship: hasQuantity Turbidity [Term] id: Photoautotroph name: Photoautotroph is_a: Autotroph [Term] id: PhotochemicalAirPollution name: PhotochemicalAirPollution comment: Type of air pollution, such as Los Angeles smog, associated with the buildup of oxidation products formed from the degradation of hydrocarbons, etc. is_a: AirPollution ! Air Pollution [Term] id: Photochemistry name: Photochemistry is_a: Chemistry [Term] id: Photodecomposition name: Photodecomposition equivalent_to: Photolysis [Term] id: Photodissociation name: Photodissociation equivalent_to: Photolysis [Term] id: Photoheterotroph name: Photoheterotroph is_a: Heterotroph [Term] id: Photoionization name: Photoionization is_a: Ionization [Term] id: Photolysis name: Photolysis comment: Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalProcess relationship: hasProcess Absorption ! Absorption [Term] id: Photon name: Photon is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: Photosphere name: Photosphere is_a: StellarAtmosphere [Term] id: Photosynthesis name: Photosynthesis is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: PhotovoltaicCell name: PhotovoltaicCell is_a: EnergyCollector relationship: hasEnergySource SolarPower [Term] id: Photovoltaics name: Photovoltaics is_a: SolarPower [Term] id: PhysicalApproximation name: PhysicalApproximation is_a: Model [Term] id: PhysicalConstant name: PhysicalConstant is_a: Constant [Term] id: PhysicalProcess name: PhysicalProcess is_a: Process [Term] id: PhysicalProperty name: PhysicalProperty is_a: Property relationship: studyOf Physics [Term] id: PhysicalQuantity name: PhysicalQuantity is_a: PhysicalProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: PhysicalRole name: PhysicalRole is_a: Role [Term] id: PhysicalState name: PhysicalState is_a: State [Term] id: Physics name: Physics is_a: Science [Term] id: PhysiologicalParameter name: PhysiologicalParameter is_a: HealthIndex [Term] id: Physiology name: Physiology is_a: Biology [Term] id: PiedmontSlope name: PiedmontSlope is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: Pigment name: Pigment is_a: Color [Term] id: PillowLava name: PillowLava comment: Pillow lava is the lava structure typically formed when lava emerges from an underwater volcanic vent or subglacial volcano or a lava flow enters the ocean. However, pillow lava can also form when lava is erupted beneath thick glacial ice. The viscous lava gains a solid crust on contact with the water, and this crust cracks and oozes additional large blobs or "pillows" as more lava emerges from the advancing flow. Since water covers the majority of Earth's surface and most volcanoes are situated near or under bodies of water, pillow lava is very common. [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: Lava [Term] id: Pipeline name: Pipeline is_a: Process is_a: TransportationEquipment [Term] id: PitCrater name: PitCrater is_a: Crater [Term] id: Plage name: Plage is_a: SolarPhenomena [Term] id: Plain name: Plain is_a: Landform [Term] id: Plane name: Plane is_a: GeometricalObject_2D is_a: Surface [Term] id: Planet name: Planet is_a: AstronomicalBody relationship: revolvesAround Star [Term] id: PlanetaryBoundary name: PlanetaryBoundary equivalent_to: PlanetarySurfaceLevel [Term] id: PlanetaryBoundaryLayer name: PlanetaryBoundaryLayer comment: The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. relationship: hasRealm Atmosphere [Term] id: PlanetaryLayer name: PlanetaryLayer is_a: Layer [Term] id: PlanetaryOscillation name: PlanetaryOscillation is_a: GlobalCycle [Term] id: PlanetaryPhenomena name: PlanetaryPhenomena comment: Planetary phenomena are the movements of planets and the sun, including for example orbits, alignments, eclipses day and night cycles, and the change of seasons. is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: PlanetaryRealm name: PlanetaryRealm is_a: Realm [Term] id: PlanetaryScience name: PlanetaryScience comment: Planetary science, also known as planetology and closely related to planetary astronomy, is the science of planets, or planetary systems, and the solar system. [Wikipedia] is_a: Science equivalent_to: Planetology [Term] id: PlanetaryStructure name: PlanetaryStructure is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: PlanetarySurface name: PlanetarySurface comment: The surface of the planet defined by solid and/or liquid layers is_a: PlanetarySurfaceLevel equivalent_to: Subaerial disjoint_from: Subsurface [Term] id: PlanetarySurfaceLevel name: PlanetarySurfaceLevel comment: A qusai-horizontal surface spanning all or part of a planet that corresponds to a constant value of some parameter is_a: CriticalZone is_a: Surface [Term] id: PlanetaryWave name: PlanetaryWave equivalent_to: RossbyWave [Term] id: Plant name: Plant is_a: Organism [Term] id: PlantPart name: PlantPart is_a: LivingEntity relationship: componentOf Plant [Term] id: PlantStress name: PlantStress is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: PlasmaWave name: PlasmaWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: Plasticity name: Plasticity is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: Plate name: Plate is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: partOf Lithosphere [Term] id: PlateBoundary name: PlateBoundary comment: The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary relationship: hasGeomorphologicalType TectonicLandform relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure TripleJunction [Term] id: PlateConvergence name: PlateConvergence comment: Plate convergence is the phenomena of two plates moving toward one another. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena disjoint_from: PlateDivergence [Term] id: PlateDivergence name: PlateDivergence comment: Plate divergence is the phenomena of plates drifting apart [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: PlateTectonics name: PlateTectonics comment: In plate tectonic theory earth history, at its simplest, is one of plates rifting into pieces diverging apart and new ocean basins being born, followed by motion reversal, convergence back together, subduction of the oceanic crust, plate collision, and mountain building. This cycle of opening and closing ocean basins is the Wilson Cycle . [Wikipedia] is_a: Tectonics relationship: hasRealm Lithosphere [Term] id: Plateau name: Plateau is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: Playa name: Playa is_a: FluvialPlain equivalent_to: SaltLake [Term] id: PlowWind name: PlowWind comment: Strong straight-line winds associated with nontornadic outflow from strong thunderstorms. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasPhenomena Thunderstorm [Term] id: Plume name: Plume comment: Buoyant jet in which the buoyancy is supplied from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. 2. A mostly horizontal (sometimes initially vertical) stream of pollutant that is being blown downwind from a smokestack. is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: PlungingBreaker name: PlungingBreaker is_a: Breaker [Term] id: Pluton name: Pluton comment: A pluton is an intrusive igneous rock body that crystallized from a magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Plutons include batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and other igneous bodies. In practice, "pluton" usually refers to a distinctive mass of igneous rock, typically kilometers in dimension, without a tabular shape like those of dikes and sills. Batholiths commonly are aggregations of plutons. The most common rock types in plutons are granite, granodiorite, tonalite, and quartz diorite. [Wikipedia] is_a: IntrusiveRock equivalent_to: PlutonicRock [Term] id: PlutonicStructure name: PlutonicStructure is_a: GeologicStructure [Term] id: Point name: Point is_a: DataModel is_a: GeometricalObject_0D is_a: NumericalEntity relationship: hasGeometricalObject Point [Term] id: PointVortex name: PointVortex comment: A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow. is_a: Vortex [Term] id: PolarCapIndex name: PolarCapIndex is_a: GeomagneticIndex [Term] id: PolarCyclone name: PolarCyclone is_a: AtmosphericCyclone [Term] id: PolarDirection name: PolarDirection is_a: Direction [Term] id: PolarLow name: PolarLow is_a: AtmosphericLowPressure [Term] id: PolarWander name: PolarWander is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Polarization name: Polarization is_a: WaveProcess [Term] id: PoleTide name: PoleTide is_a: Tide [Term] id: Policy name: Policy is_a: GoverningBodyProduct [Term] id: Pollen name: Pollen is_a: Particulate is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Pollination name: Pollination comment: Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete). The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micropyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings together many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is important in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized. The pollination process as interaction between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel. is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Pollution name: Pollution is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Polygon name: Polygon is_a: GeometricalObject_2D relationship: hasVertices Point [Term] id: Polyhedron name: Polyhedron is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Polynomial name: Polynomial is_a: AlgebraicFunction [Term] id: Polynya name: Polynya comment: A polynya is any non-linear area of open water surrounded by sea ice. It is now used as geographical term for areas of sea in Arctic or Antarctic regions which remain unfrozen for much of the year. is_a: OceanRegion relationship: surroundedBy SeaIce [Term] id: Pond name: Pond is_a: BodyOfWater is_a: Channel [Term] id: PonderosaPine name: PonderosaPine is_a: Tree [Term] id: PopUpThunderstorm name: PopUpThunderstorm comment: An airmass thunderstorm that forms rapidly in an otherwise rain-free environment. This most often occurs on warm, humid days, in unstable meteorological conditions. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: PopulationDynamics name: PopulationDynamics is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Pore name: Pore is_a: Separation equivalent_to: PoreSpace [Term] id: PositiveFeedback name: PositiveFeedback is_a: Feedback [Term] id: PostProcessing name: PostProcessing is_a: DataService [Term] id: PostTransitionMetal name: PostTransitionMetal is_a: Metal [Term] id: Postbreeding name: Postbreeding is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Potential name: Potential is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: PotentialDensity name: PotentialDensity comment: The density of a unit of water after it is raised by an adiabatic process to the surface, i.e., determined from in-situ salinity and potential temperature (AGI, 1980). Density that would be reached by a compressible fluid if it were adiabatically compressed or expanded to a standard pressure. is_a: Density [Term] id: PotentialEnergy name: PotentialEnergy is_a: Energy [Term] id: PotentialEvapotranspiration name: PotentialEvapotranspiration is_a: Evapotranspiration [Term] id: PotentialTemperature name: PotentialTemperature comment: The temperature that a parcel would have if brought adiabatically and reversibly from its initial state to a standard reference pressure, typically 100 kPa. is_a: Temperature [Term] id: PotentiometricSurface name: PotentiometricSurface comment: An imaginary surface representing the static head of groundwater and defined by the level to which water will rise in a tightly cased well. is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Power name: Power is_a: ExtensiveProperty is_a: Ratio relationship: hasFirstOperand Energy relationship: hasSecondOperand Time [Term] id: PowerFunction name: PowerFunction is_a: Function [Term] id: PowerGrid name: PowerGrid is_a: EnergyDistributionSystem [Term] id: PowerLaw name: PowerLaw is_a: PowerFunction [Term] id: PowerPlant name: PowerPlant is_a: EnergyConversionDevice [Term] id: PowerTransmissionFacility name: PowerTransmissionFacility is_a: Infrastructure [Term] id: PoyntingVector name: PoyntingVector is_a: FluxDensity [Term] id: Prarie name: Prarie is_a: Plain [Term] id: PreProcessing name: PreProcessing is_a: DataService [Term] id: Precession name: Precession is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: PrecipitableWater name: PrecipitableWater comment: The total atmospheric water vapor contained in a vertical column of unit cross-sectional area extending between any two specified levels. is_a: WaterContent [Term] id: Precipitation name: Precipitation is_a: Phenomena is_a: WaterContent [Term] id: PrecipitationRange name: PrecipitationRange is_a: HeightRange is_a: Precipitation [Term] id: PrecipitationRange_cm name: PrecipitationRange_cm is_a: PrecipitationRange [Term] id: Precision name: Precision is_a: Metric [Term] id: Predation name: Predation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Predecessor name: Predecessor is_a: ProvenanceElement [Term] id: Predict name: Predict is_a: ExperimentActivity equivalent_to: Prediction [Term] id: Preference name: Preference is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Prefix name: Prefix is_a: Measurement [Term] id: PrefrontalSquallLine name: PrefrontalSquallLine comment: A squall line less than about 100 km ahead of a cold front, in the warm sector, having an orientation more or less parallel to the cold front. is_a: SquallLine [Term] id: Pressure name: Pressure comment: Force per unit area. is_a: Force is_a: IntensiveProperty is_a: Ratio relationship: hasFirstOperand Force relationship: hasSecondOperand Area [Term] id: PressureGradient name: PressureGradient comment: The derivative of pressure is_a: Gradient is_a: PhysicalQuantity relationship: derivativeWithRespectTo Distance relationship: isDerivativeOf Pressure [Term] id: PressureTendency name: PressureTendency comment: The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. is_a: Tendency relationship: hasProperty Pressure [Term] id: PressureThickness name: PressureThickness is_a: Thickness relationship: hasProcess Pressure [Term] id: Prictogen name: Prictogen is_a: Element [Term] id: PrimaryProduction name: PrimaryProduction is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: PrimitiveRule name: PrimitiveRule is_a: InferenceRule [Term] id: ProbabilityDensityFunction name: ProbabilityDensityFunction is_a: NormalizedFunction equivalent_to: pdf [Term] id: ProbabilityDistributionFunction name: ProbabilityDistributionFunction is_a: NormalizedFunction equivalent_to: cdf [Term] id: Process name: Process is_a: Process [Term] id: Processing name: Processing is_a: Production [Term] id: ProcessingLevel name: ProcessingLevel is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Producer name: Producer is_a: BiologicalRole [Term] id: Product name: Product is_a: MaterialThing [Term] id: Production name: Production is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Productivity name: Productivity is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Profession name: Profession is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Profile name: Profile is_a: Function is_a: Profile is_a: Representation equivalent_to: VerticalProfile [Term] id: ProfundalZone name: ProfundalZone comment: The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: hasRealm AphoticZone [Term] id: Project name: Project is_a: Research [Term] id: Projection name: Projection is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: Prominence name: Prominence comment: A solar prominence is a large bright feature extending outwards from the sun's surface, often in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the solar surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the solar corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Proof name: Proof is_a: Validation [Term] id: ProofOfConcept name: ProofOfConcept is_a: Proof is_a: Research [Term] id: Propagation name: Propagation comment: Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel through a medium (waveguide). With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves. Another useful parameter for describing the propagation is the wave velocity that mostly depends on some kind of density of the medium. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in a material medium. is_a: WaveProcess equivalent_to: WavePropagation [Term] id: ProperInterval name: ProperInterval is_a: TimeRange [Term] id: ProperMotion name: ProperMotion is_a: Speed [Term] id: Prospecting name: Prospecting is_a: Exploration [Term] id: Protection name: Protection is_a: Role is_a: Sustainability [Term] id: Proton name: Proton is_a: SubatomicParticle [Term] id: Protrusion name: Protrusion is_a: Ridge [Term] id: Provenance name: Provenance is_a: History [Term] id: ProvenanceElement name: ProvenanceElement is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: ProvenanceRole name: ProvenanceRole is_a: Role [Term] id: Province name: Province is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside Country [Term] id: PseudoEquivalentPotentialTemperature name: PseudoEquivalentPotentialTemperature is_a: Temperature relationship: approximates EquivalentPotentialTemperature [Term] id: PseudoEquivalentTemperature name: PseudoEquivalentTemperature is_a: Temperature relationship: approximates EquivalentTemperature [Term] id: PsychologicalParameter name: PsychologicalParameter is_a: HealthIndex is_a: SocialActivity [Term] id: Psychology name: Psychology is_a: BehavioralScience [Term] id: Publication name: Publication is_a: Research [Term] id: Puff name: Puff is_a: Plume [Term] id: PulseLength name: PulseLength is_a: Length [Term] id: PulseSpreading name: PulseSpreading is_a: Noise [Term] id: Pumice name: Pumice comment: Light-colored, frothy volcanic rock, usually of dacite or rhyolite composition, formed by the expansion of gas in erupting lava. Commonly seen as lumps or fragments of pea-size and larger, but can also occur abundantly as ash-sized particles. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: PumpingWell name: PumpingWell is_a: Well [Term] id: Purity name: Purity is_a: ChemicalProperty [Term] id: Pycnocline name: Pycnocline comment: A pycnocline is a layer across which there is a rapid change in water density with depth. In freshwater environments such as lakes this density change is primarily caused by water temperature, while in seawater environments such as oceans the density change may be caused by changes in water temperature and/or salinity is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: hasGradient Salinity [Term] id: Pyroclastic name: Pyroclastic comment: A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: QBO name: QBO equivalent_to: QuasiBiennialOscillation [Term] id: Quadratic name: Quadratic is_a: Polynomial [Term] id: Qualifier name: Qualifier is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Qualitative name: Qualitative is_a: MeasurementScale [Term] id: Quality name: Quality is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: QuantitativeProperty name: QuantitativeProperty equivalent_to: Quantity [Term] id: QuantitativeScale name: QuantitativeScale is_a: MeasurementScale [Term] id: Quantity name: Quantity is_a: Error12 is_a: ScientificQuantity [Term] id: Quartic name: Quartic is_a: Polynomial [Term] id: Quartile name: Quartile is_a: Percentile [Term] id: QuasiBiennialOscillation name: QuasiBiennialOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Quenching name: Quenching is_a: Cooling is_a: Force [Term] id: Quintile name: Quintile is_a: Percentile [Term] id: RadarCrossSection name: RadarCrossSection comment: Radar cross section (RCS) describes the extent to which an object reflects an incident electromagnetic wave. It is a measure of the strength of the radar signal backscattered from a target object for a given incident wave power.. is_a: CrossSection is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: Radial name: Radial is_a: Direction [Term] id: RadialBasisFunction name: RadialBasisFunction is_a: BasisFunction [Term] id: RadialVelocity name: RadialVelocity comment: The component of a three-dimensional velocity vector oriented along the radial direction from the origin point or axis in polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. In connection with Doppler radar, the radial velocity component is called Doppler velocity. is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Radiance name: Radiance comment: A radiometric term for the rate at which radiant energy in a set of directions confined to a unit solid angle around a particular direction is transferred across unit area of a surface (real or imaginary) projected onto this direction. is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity [Term] id: RadiantEnergy name: RadiantEnergy comment: Infrequently, any energy propagated by a physical quantity governed by a wave equation. is_a: Energy relationship: hasProcess Radiation [Term] id: RadiantFlux name: RadiantFlux comment: Radiant energy per unit time passing some specified area from one side. is_a: RadiativeForcing [Term] id: Radiation name: Radiation is_a: RadiativeTransfer [Term] id: RadiationFog name: RadiationFog comment: A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena RadiationalCooling relationship: hasRealm Land [Term] id: RadiationMediumInteractionProperty name: RadiationMediumInteractionProperty is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty [Term] id: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity name: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationProperty is_a: Quantity [Term] id: RadiationalCooling name: RadiationalCooling equivalent_to: RadiativeCooling [Term] id: RadiationalHeating name: RadiationalHeating equivalent_to: RadiativeHeating [Term] id: RadiativeCooling name: RadiativeCooling comment: In meteorology, the result of radiative cooling of the earth's surface and adjacent air. Radiational cooling occurs, as is typical on calm, clear nights is_a: Cooling is_a: RadiativeForcing disjoint_from: RadiativeHeating [Term] id: RadiativeFlux name: RadiativeFlux is_a: EnergyFlux is_a: RadiativeForcing [Term] id: RadiativeForcing name: RadiativeForcing comment: In radiation, the net flux of radiation into or out of a system. As a consequence of radiative forcing there must be some change to the nonradiative energy states of the system. is_a: FluxDensity is_a: RadiantFlux [Term] id: RadiativeHeating name: RadiativeHeating is_a: Heating is_a: RadiativeForcing [Term] id: RadiativeTransfer name: RadiativeTransfer is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: RadiativeZone name: RadiativeZone is_a: StellarInterior [Term] id: Radio name: Radio is_a: CommunicationMethod is_a: CommunicationsEquipment [Term] id: RadionucleiRetardation name: RadionucleiRetardation comment: The process or processes that cause the time required for a given radionuclide to move between two locations to be greater than the groundwater travel time, because of physical and chemical interactions between the radionuclide and the geohydrologic unit through which the radionuclide travels. is_a: HydrospherePhenomena [Term] id: Rain name: Rain is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation equivalent_to: Rainfall relationship: hasSubstance LiquidWater [Term] id: RainDrop name: RainDrop is_a: Drop [Term] id: RainShadow name: RainShadow comment: A region of sharply reduced precipitation on the lee side of an orographic barrier, as compared with regions upwind of the barrier. is_a: ClimateZoneType [Term] id: RainState name: RainState is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Rainband name: Rainband comment: The complete cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall sufficiently elongated that an orientation can be assigned. is_a: Rainfall [Term] id: Rainbow name: Rainbow is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Rainwater name: Rainwater is_a: LiquidWater relationship: hasSource Rainfall [Term] id: RaisedBog name: RaisedBog is_a: Bog [Term] id: Range name: Range is_a: Distance [Term] id: RangeChange name: RangeChange is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Ranking name: Ranking is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: RareEarthElement name: RareEarthElement is_a: Element [Term] id: Rareification name: Rareification is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Raster name: Raster is_a: DataModel [Term] id: Rate name: Rate is_a: PartialDerivative equivalent_to: Tendency relationship: derivativeWithRespectTo Time [Term] id: Ratio name: Ratio is_a: Division [Term] id: RatioScale name: RatioScale is_a: MeasurementScale [Term] id: RayleighScattering name: RayleighScattering is_a: Scattering [Term] id: RayleighTaylorInstability name: RayleighTaylorInstability is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: RayleighWave name: RayleighWave comment: Rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel as ripples similar to those on the surface of water. The existence of these waves was predicted by John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, in 1885. They are slower than body waves, roughly 70% of the velocity of S waves, and have been asserted to be visible during an earthquake in an open space like a parking lot where the cars move up and down with the waves. Reports among seismologists suggest that the apparent motion may be due to distortion of the human eye during shaking. Anecdotally, placing people on shake tables causes the room to appear to ripple. In any case, waves of the reported amplitude, wavelength, and velocity of the visible waves have never been recorded instrumentally. is_a: AcousticWave is_a: SolidWave is_a: SurfaceWave [Term] id: ReactionPathModel name: ReactionPathModel comment: A simulation approach to studying the chemical evolution of a (natural) system. is_a: Model [Term] id: ReactionProperty name: ReactionProperty is_a: ChemicalProperty [Term] id: Reactivity name: Reactivity is_a: ReactionProperty [Term] id: Realization name: Realization is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Receive name: Receive is_a: Communication equivalent_to: Reception [Term] id: Receiver name: Receiver is_a: CommunicationsEquipment relationship: hasRole Reception [Term] id: Recharge name: Recharge is_a: SystemStateChange is_a: Transport relationship: hasRealm Aquifer [Term] id: RechargeWell name: RechargeWell is_a: Well [Term] id: Recirculation name: Recirculation is_a: Circulation [Term] id: Reconstruction name: Reconstruction is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Record name: Record is_a: Research [Term] id: Recreation name: Recreation is_a: SocialActivity [Term] id: Recrystalization name: Recrystalization is_a: Crystallization [Term] id: Rectangle name: Rectangle is_a: Polygon [Term] id: Recycling name: Recycling is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: ReducedChiSquareValue name: ReducedChiSquareValue is_a: ChiSquareValue [Term] id: ReducedGrid name: ReducedGrid is_a: Grid [Term] id: Reduction name: Reduction is_a: ChemicalProcess is_a: Solution [Term] id: ReferenceEllipsoid name: ReferenceEllipsoid is_a: Ellipsoid [Term] id: ReferenceFrame name: ReferenceFrame is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: Reflection name: Reflection is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: Reformat name: Reformat is_a: DataService equivalent_to: Reformatting [Term] id: Refraction name: Refraction comment: A change of direction and possibly amplitude of an electromagnetic, acoustic, or any other wave propagating in a material medium, homogeneous on the scale of the wavelength, as a consequence of spatial variation in the properties of the medium. is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: Refreezing name: Refreezing is_a: Freezing [Term] id: Refrigerator name: Refrigerator is_a: EnergyConversionDevice [Term] id: Region name: Region is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: RegionalClimate name: RegionalClimate is_a: Climate [Term] id: Regolith name: Regolith comment: Regolith (Greek: "blanket rock") is a layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock (bedrock). It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixture disjoint_from: Rock [Term] id: Regression name: Regression is_a: StatisticalOperation [Term] id: Regulation name: Regulation is_a: HumanLaw [Term] id: Relation name: Relation comment: In mathematics, the concept of a relation is a generalization of 2-place relations, such as the relation of equality, less than, greater than, etc.. [Wikipedia] is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: Relief name: Relief is_a: Projection [Term] id: RemnantArc name: RemnantArc comment: The remnant arc is what is left on the rear side of the speading zone as athe basin broadens. [Wikipedia] is_a: Arc [Term] id: Removal name: Removal is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: RenewableEnergySource name: RenewableEnergySource is_a: EnergySource relationship: hasRole Sustainability [Term] id: Replenishment name: Replenishment is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Repose name: Repose comment: The interval of time between volcanic eruptions. is_a: Interval [Term] id: RepresentativeEnvironment name: RepresentativeEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting [Term] id: RepresentativeRole name: RepresentativeRole is_a: OrdinalProperty is_a: Role [Term] id: Research name: Research is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: ResearchSetting name: ResearchSetting is_a: Research [Term] id: Reservoir name: Reservoir is_a: BodyOfWater is_a: SystemComponent equivalent_to: Storage [Term] id: ResidenceTime name: ResidenceTime is_a: Duration [Term] id: Residual name: Residual is_a: Research [Term] id: ResidualLayer name: ResidualLayer comment: The middle portion of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer characterized by weak sporadic turbulence and initially uniformly mixed potential temperature and pollutants remaining from the mixed layer of the previous day. is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: Resilience name: Resilience is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: Resilient name: Resilient is_a: SystemState [Term] id: Resolution name: Resolution is_a: AngularExtent is_a: Increment [Term] id: Resonance name: Resonance is_a: WavePhenomena equivalent_to: Resonant [Term] id: Resource name: Resource is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: ResourceAllocation name: ResourceAllocation comment: Resource allocation has two meanings. One meaning refers to allocating a resource such as forest land to two or more designated uses. For example, forest land units could be allocated to timber production, recreation, etc. The second meaning is in the sense of allocating management resources. This second meaning is concerned with allocating time, materials, personnel, budget to landscape elements to accomplish meanegement objectives such as protection, restoration, timber production, etc. is_a: Allocation [Term] id: Respiration name: Respiration is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Result name: Result is_a: Research [Term] id: Retreat name: Retreat is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: RetroarcForelandBasin name: RetroarcForelandBasin comment: Retroarc (Retro) foreland basins occur on the plate that overrides during plate convergence or collision (i.e. situated behind the magmatic arc that is linked with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere). [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Return name: Return is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Revolution name: Revolution is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Rheology name: Rheology is_a: Physics [Term] id: Rhyolite name: Rhyolite comment: Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: RichterScale name: RichterScale is_a: EarthquakeScale [Term] id: Ridge name: Ridge comment: In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. is_a: GeometricalObject is_a: MountainRegion is_a: Ridge relationship: hasState HighPressure ! High Pressure [Term] id: Ridging name: Ridging is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Rift name: Rift comment: A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia] is_a: FractureZone is_a: GeologicBoundary relationship: hasSubstance AnorogenicIgneousRock [Term] id: RiftValley name: RiftValley comment: A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature relationship: hasGeomorphologicalType TectonicLandform relationship: hasOuterBoundary ContinentalRift [Term] id: RigidLidApproximation name: RigidLidApproximation is_a: PhysicalApproximation [Term] id: Rim name: Rim equivalent_to: Top [Term] id: Rime name: Rime comment: A white or milky and opaque granular deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they impinge upon an exposed object. is_a: Ice [Term] id: Ring name: Ring is_a: GeometricalObject_3D is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: RingelmannChart name: RingelmannChart is_a: AirQualityIndex [Term] id: Rip name: Rip is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Riparian name: Riparian comment: A riparian zone is the interface between land and a flowing surface water body. Plant communities along the river margins are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants. Riparian zones are significant in ecology, environmental management, and civil engineering due to their role in soil conservation, their biodiversity, and the influence they have on aquatic ecosystems. Riparian zones occur in many forms including grassland, woodland, wetland or even non-vegetative. In some regions the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone or riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. is_a: CoastalRegion equivalent_to: RiparianZone [Term] id: Ripple name: Ripple is_a: Bedform [Term] id: River name: River comment: A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: RiverBed name: RiverBed is_a: Bedform [Term] id: Rock name: Rock comment: Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixture is_a: SolidSubstance [Term] id: RockBody name: RockBody is_a: Mixture is_a: SolidSubstance relationship: hasSubstance Rock [Term] id: RockCycle name: RockCycle comment: The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] is_a: Cycle is_a: GeologicalPhenomena equivalent_to: RockCycleProcess [Term] id: RockSlopeFailure name: RockSlopeFailure is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: Rocket name: Rocket is_a: Spacecraft [Term] id: RockyPitFloorCrater name: RockyPitFloorCrater is_a: PitCrater [Term] id: Role name: Role is_a: Property [Term] id: RollCloud name: RollCloud comment: A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: Root name: Root comment: n vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil (compare with stem). However, this is not always the case, since a root can also be aerial (that is, growing above the ground) or aerating (that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water). On the other hand, a stem normally occurring below ground is not exceptional either (see rhizome). So, it is better to define root as a part of a plant body that bears no leaves, and therefore also lacks nodes. There are also important internal structural differences between stems and roots. The two major functions of roots are 1.) absorption of water and inorganic nutrients and 2.) anchoring the plant body to the ground. Roots also function in cytokinin synthesis, which supplies some of shoot needs. They often function in storage of food. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with certain fungi to form mycorrhizas, and a large range of other organisms including bacteria also closely associate with roots. is_a: PlantPart [Term] id: RossbyRadiusOfDeformation name: RossbyRadiusOfDeformation is_a: Distance [Term] id: RossbyWave name: RossbyWave comment: Rossby (or planetary) waves are large-scale motions in the ocean or atmosphere whose restoring force is the variation in Coriolis effect with latitude. The waves were first identified in the atmosphere in 1939 by Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby who went on to explain their motion. Rossby waves are a subset of inertial waves is_a: InertialWave [Term] id: Rotation name: Rotation is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Roughness name: Roughness is_a: MaterialProperty [Term] id: RoughnessSublayer name: RoughnessSublayer comment: Same as transition layer. The lowest atmospheric layer immediately adjacent to a surface covered with relatively large roughness elements such as stones, vegetation, trees, or buildings. is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: Route name: Route is_a: Path [Term] id: Rover name: Rover is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Row name: Row is_a: Dimension [Term] id: Runoff name: Runoff comment: Runoff is a term used to describe the flow of water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over the land surface, and is a major component of the water cycle. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a channel is also called a nonpoint source. If a nonpoint source contains man-made contaminants, the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution. A land area which produces runoff draining to a common point is called a watershed. When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up soil contaminants such as petroleum, pesticides (in particular herbicides and insecticides), or fertilizers that become discharge or nonpoint source pollution. is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: Rupture name: Rupture is_a: Fracture [Term] id: SAR name: SAR equivalent_to: SodiumAdsorptionRatio equivalent_to: SpecialAdministrationRegion [Term] id: SIC name: SIC equivalent_to: StandardIndustrialClassification [Term] id: SMI name: SMI equivalent_to: SurfaceMoistureIndex [Term] id: SMSA name: SMSA equivalent_to: StandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea [Term] id: SWE name: SWE equivalent_to: SnowWaterEquivalent [Term] id: SWave name: SWave comment: S waves are transverse or shear waves, which means that the ground is displaced perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. In the case of horizontally polarized S waves, the ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. Their speed is about 60% of that of P waves in a given material. S waves are sometimes called secondary waves, and are several times larger in amplitude than P waves for earthquake sources. is_a: SeismicBodyWave is_a: ShearWave equivalent_to: SecondaryWave [Term] id: Sabkha name: Sabkha is_a: SaltFlat [Term] id: SaddlePoint name: SaddlePoint is_a: Operation [Term] id: SalineWater name: SalineWater is_a: SaltWater [Term] id: Salinity name: Salinity is_a: MassConcentration relationship: hasSubstance SaltIon [Term] id: SaltFlat name: SaltFlat is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: SaltHaze name: SaltHaze comment: A haze created by the presence of finely divided particles of sea salt in the air, usually derived from the evaporation of sea spray. is_a: Haze [Term] id: SaltIon name: SaltIon is_a: Ion [Term] id: SaltWater name: SaltWater is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: SaltWaterIntrusion name: SaltWaterIntrusion comment: The movement of salt water into fresh water aquifers. is_a: WaterPollution [Term] id: Saltation name: Saltation is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: Sample name: Sample is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: SampleStatistics name: SampleStatistics is_a: Statistics [Term] id: Sampling name: Sampling is_a: StatisticalOperation [Term] id: Sand name: Sand is_a: Sediment [Term] id: SandHaze name: SandHaze comment: Reduced visibility in the atmospheric boundary layer caused by suspended particles of soil, mixed into the air during strong winds. is_a: Haze relationship: hasSubstance Sand [Term] id: SandStorm name: SandStorm is_a: Wind relationship: hasSubstance Sand [Term] id: Satellite name: Satellite is_a: AstronomicalBody is_a: Spacecraft [Term] id: SaturatedZone name: SaturatedZone is_a: HydrosphereFeature relationship: partOf Aquifer [Term] id: SaturationDeficit name: SaturationDeficit comment: The amount by which the water vapor in the air must be increased to achieve saturation without changing the environmental temperature and pressure. is_a: SaturationProperty [Term] id: SaturationPoint name: SaturationPoint is_a: SaturationProperty [Term] id: SaturationProperty name: SaturationProperty is_a: Property [Term] id: Scalar name: Scalar is_a: NumericalEntity disjoint_from: Vector [Term] id: ScalarField name: ScalarField is_a: ScalarFunction [Term] id: ScalarFieldOperation name: ScalarFieldOperation is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasInput ScalarField [Term] id: ScalarFunction name: ScalarFunction is_a: Function relationship: hasOutput Scalar [Term] id: ScalarPotential name: ScalarPotential is_a: Potential [Term] id: ScalarValuedOperation name: ScalarValuedOperation is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasOutput ScalarField [Term] id: Scale name: Scale is_a: Representation [Term] id: ScaleFactor name: ScaleFactor is_a: Value equivalent_to: Scaling [Term] id: ScaleHeight name: ScaleHeight is_a: Height [Term] id: Scattering name: Scattering comment: In a broad sense, the process by which matter is excited to radiate by an external source of electromagnetic radiation, as distinguished from emission of radiation by matter, which occurs even in the absence of such a source. is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess [Term] id: ScatteringCoefficient name: ScatteringCoefficient comment: A measure of the extinction due to scattering of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium containing scattering particles. is_a: SpatialFrequency relationship: hasProcess Scattering [Term] id: Scavenging name: Scavenging is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Scenario name: Scenario is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: SchaeferBergmannDiffraction name: SchaeferBergmannDiffraction is_a: Diffraction [Term] id: Science name: Science is_a: KnowledgeDomain [Term] id: ScientificQuantity name: ScientificQuantity is_a: Error13 is_a: Property [Term] id: Scintillation name: Scintillation is_a: Noise [Term] id: Sclerophyll name: Sclerophyll is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Screening name: Screening is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: ScrollPlain name: ScrollPlain is_a: FluvialPlain [Term] id: Scrub name: Scrub is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: SeaBreeze name: SeaBreeze comment: A coastal local wind that blows from sea to land, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land. is_a: OnshoreWind [Term] id: SeaBreezeFront name: SeaBreezeFront comment: The horizontal discontinuity in temperature and humidity that marks the leading edge of the intrusion of cooler, more moist marine air associated with a sea breeze. is_a: Front relationship: hasPhenomena SeaBreeze [Term] id: SeaIce name: SeaIce comment: Specifically, ice formed by the freezing of seawater; as opposed, principally, to land ice. Generally, any ice floating in the sea. is_a: Ice relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: SeaLevel name: SeaLevel is_a: PlanetarySurfaceLevel [Term] id: SeaLevelPressure name: SeaLevelPressure comment: The atmospheric pressure at mean sea level, either directly measured or, most commonly, empirically determined from the observed station pressure. is_a: AtmosphericPressure [Term] id: SeaLevelRise name: SeaLevelRise is_a: OceanEnvironmentalImpact relationship: rise SeaLevel [Term] id: SeaState name: SeaState is_a: Height relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: SeaSurface name: SeaSurface is_a: PlanetarySurface is_a: WaterBodyBoundary [Term] id: SeaWater name: SeaWater is_a: SaltWater [Term] id: Search name: Search is_a: Algorithm [Term] id: Season name: Season is_a: ProperInterval [Term] id: SeasonalIce name: SeasonalIce is_a: SeaIce [Term] id: SecchiDepth name: SecchiDepth comment: The Secchi disk is a device used to measure water transparency in open waters of lakes, bays, and the ocean. A pattern is drawn or painted onto a card or acrylic, mounted on a pole or line, and lowered slowly in the water. The depth at which the pattern on the disk is no longer visible is taken as a measure of the transparency of the water. This measure is known as the Secchi depth and is related to water turbidity. is_a: Depth is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: Seclusion name: Seclusion comment: A special (and rare) case of the process of occlusion, where the point at which the cold front first overtakes the warm front (or quasi-stationary front) is at some distance from the apex of the wave cyclone. is_a: Front [Term] id: SecondGrowth name: SecondGrowth is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: SecondaryCirculation name: SecondaryCirculation is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: SecondaryProduction name: SecondaryProduction is_a: EcologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Sediment name: Sediment is_a: Mixture [Term] id: SedimentFormation name: SedimentFormation is_a: MaterialDisplacement relationship: hasSubstance Sediment [Term] id: Sedimentary name: Sedimentary comment: One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] is_a: RockCycleProcess [Term] id: SedimentaryRock name: SedimentaryRock comment: One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution [wicktionary] is_a: Rock relationship: hasGenesis Sedimentary [Term] id: Sedimentation name: Sedimentation comment: The process of depositing material by water, wind, or glaciers. is_a: GeologicalPhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Deposition [Term] id: SeepageFace name: SeepageFace comment: A boundary between the saturated flow field and the atmosphere along which groundwater discharges, either by evaporation or movement "downhill" along the land surface or in a well as a thin film in response to the force of gravity. is_a: Boundary [Term] id: SeepageVelocity name: SeepageVelocity is_a: HydrogeologicalProperty is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Seiche name: Seiche comment: A seiche is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, bays and seas. The key requirement for formation of a seiche is that the body of water be at least partially bounded, allowing natural phenomena to form a standing wave. is_a: StandingWave [Term] id: Seif name: Seif is_a: Dune [Term] id: SeismicBodyWave name: SeismicBodyWave comment: Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the lithosphere. Two kinds of body waves exist: P-waves and S-waves. is_a: BodyWave is_a: SeismicWave [Term] id: SeismicPhenomena name: SeismicPhenomena is_a: GeospherePhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena SeismicWave [Term] id: SeismicSurfaceWave name: SeismicSurfaceWave comment: Surface waves are analogous to water waves and travel just under the Earth's surface. They travel more slowly than body waves. Because of their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude, they can be the most destructive type of seismic wave. There are two types of surface waves: Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Theoretically, surface waves can be understood as systems of interacting P and/or S waves. is_a: SeismicWave is_a: SurfaceWave [Term] id: SeismicWave name: SeismicWave comment: Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia] is_a: Wave relationship: hasPhenomena SeismicPhenomena [Term] id: SeismicZone name: SeismicZone comment: Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: Seismology name: Seismology comment: Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and ?????,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions).\n is_a: Geology [Term] id: Selection name: Selection is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: SelfCloud name: SelfCloud comment: A low-level, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud associated with a convective storm's gust front. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: SelfRegulation name: SelfRegulation is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: Sense name: Sense is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: SensibleHeat name: SensibleHeat is_a: Heat [Term] id: Sensitivity name: Sensitivity is_a: Measure [Term] id: SensitivityAnalysis name: SensitivityAnalysis is_a: Assessment [Term] id: Separation name: Separation is_a: Barrier is_a: DynamicalPhenomena [Term] id: Seq name: Seq is_a: Container equivalent_to: Sequence [Term] id: Sequence name: Sequence is_a: History [Term] id: SeriesAlgorithm name: SeriesAlgorithm is_a: Algorithm [Term] id: Serpentinite name: Serpentinite is_a: MetamorphicRock relationship: hasGenesis Serpentinization [Term] id: Serpentinization name: Serpentinization is_a: Metamorphic [Term] id: Service name: Service is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Set name: Set is_a: Bag [Term] id: Settling name: Settling is_a: DynamicalPhenomena [Term] id: Sewage name: Sewage is_a: Effluent [Term] id: Shadow name: Shadow is_a: Projection [Term] id: ShallowConvection name: ShallowConvection is_a: Convection [Term] id: ShallowConvectionParameter name: ShallowConvectionParameter comment: The representation in a numerical model of the turbulent transports of heat and moisture by nonprecipitating cumulus clouds with cloud tops below 3000 m above the surface. is_a: PhysicalConstant is_a: Transport [Term] id: ShallowFocusEarthquake name: ShallowFocusEarthquake is_a: Earthquake [Term] id: ShallowWaterWave name: ShallowWaterWave comment: An ocean wave with its length sufficiently large compared to the water depth (i.e., 25 or more times the depth) is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: Shape name: Shape comment: Description of the form of an object is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: Shatter name: Shatter is_a: Failure [Term] id: ShatterCone name: ShatterCone is_a: Landform [Term] id: Shear name: Shear is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: ShearModulus name: ShearModulus is_a: MaterialProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: ShearStress name: ShearStress is_a: Stress disjoint_from: TensileStress [Term] id: ShearWave name: ShearWave is_a: SolidWave is_a: TransverseWave relationship: hasRestoringForce Shear [Term] id: Shell name: Shell is_a: Layer [Term] id: Sheltering name: Sheltering is_a: Force [Term] id: Shield name: Shield comment: The extensive central cratons of continents may consist of both shields and platforms, and the crystalline basement. A shield is that part of a craton in which the usually Precambrian basement rocks crop out extensively at the surface. [Wikipedia]\n is_a: GeologicProvince [Term] id: Shift name: Shift is_a: Trend [Term] id: Ship name: Ship is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Shoal name: Shoal comment: A shoal is a somewhat linear landform within or extending into a body of water, typically comprised of sand, silt or small pebbles. Alternatively termed sandbar or sandbank, a bar is characteristically long and narrow (linear) and develops where a stream or ocean current promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. Alternatively a bar may separate a lake from the sea, as in the case of an ayre. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. is_a: CoastalLandform [Term] id: Shock name: Shock is_a: Discontinuity is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: ShockWave name: ShockWave is_a: Wave relationship: hasPhenomena Shock [Term] id: Shore name: Shore comment: A shore or shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. is_a: CoastalRegion is_a: Land equivalent_to: Shoreline [Term] id: ShorePlatform name: ShorePlatform equivalent_to: WaveCutPlatform [Term] id: ShortWave name: ShortWave comment: With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. is_a: Wave [Term] id: Shorten name: Shorten is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Shower name: Shower is_a: Rainfall [Term] id: Shrink name: Shrink is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Side name: Side is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: SideLobe name: SideLobe is_a: Noise [Term] id: Siderophile name: Siderophile is_a: Element [Term] id: SigmaT name: SigmaT is_a: Density [Term] id: Signal name: Signal is_a: Communication [Term] id: Signature name: Signature is_a: Pattern [Term] id: SignificantHeight name: SignificantHeight is_a: Height [Term] id: Sill name: Sill comment: [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A sill is a tabular pluton that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. The term sill is synonymous with concordant intrusive sheet. This means that the sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, in contrast to dikes, which do cut across older rocks. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlutonicStructure [Term] id: Silt name: Silt is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Simulate name: Simulate is_a: Solution equivalent_to: Simulation [Term] id: Sin name: Sin is_a: TrigonometricFunction [Term] id: Sink name: Sink is_a: Equipment is_a: Reservoir [Term] id: Sinking name: Sinking is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Size name: Size is_a: SpatialExtent [Term] id: SizeRange name: SizeRange is_a: SpatialExtent relationship: rangeOf Size [Term] id: SizeRange_micron name: SizeRange_micron is_a: SizeRange [Term] id: Skewness name: Skewness is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: SkinDepth name: SkinDepth is_a: Depth [Term] id: SkinLayer name: SkinLayer is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: Slack name: Slack is_a: AeolianLandform [Term] id: SlantWiseConvection name: SlantWiseConvection comment: A form of convection driven by a combination of gravitational and centrifugal forces. is_a: Convection [Term] id: Sleet name: Sleet is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation is_a: Ice [Term] id: Slide name: Slide is_a: MaterialDisplacement is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: Slip name: Slip is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: SlipFace name: SlipFace is_a: AeolianLandform [Term] id: Slope name: Slope is_a: Derivative [Term] id: Slump name: Slump is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: Slurry name: Slurry is_a: Mixture [Term] id: SmallCircle name: SmallCircle is_a: Circle [Term] id: SmartGrid name: SmartGrid is_a: PowerGrid [Term] id: Smashing name: Smashing is_a: Force [Term] id: Smog name: Smog comment: A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog.\n is_a: Fog [Term] id: Smoke name: Smoke is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: Snow name: Snow is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: SnowCover name: SnowCover comment: The depth of snow that has fallen. is_a: HydrospherePhenomena is_a: Thickness relationship: hasSubstance Snow [Term] id: SnowCoverDuration name: SnowCoverDuration is_a: Duration relationship: hasPhenomena SnowCover [Term] id: SnowFacies name: SnowFacies is_a: IceCrystal [Term] id: SnowGrain name: SnowGrain is_a: Snow [Term] id: SnowWaterEquivalent name: SnowWaterEquivalent is_a: LiquidWaterEquivalent [Term] id: Snowfall name: Snowfall is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation relationship: hasSubstance Snow [Term] id: Snowpack name: Snowpack is_a: SnowCover [Term] id: Snowslide name: Snowslide is_a: Avalanche [Term] id: SocialActivity name: SocialActivity is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: SocialBehavior name: SocialBehavior is_a: SocialActivity [Term] id: Sociology name: Sociology is_a: BehavioralScience [Term] id: Sodicity name: Sodicity is_a: MassConcentration [Term] id: SodiumAdsorptionRatio name: SodiumAdsorptionRatio is_a: WaterQualityIndex relationship: measureOf Sodicity [Term] id: Softness name: Softness is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: Soil name: Soil is_a: Sediment [Term] id: SoilLoss name: SoilLoss is_a: LandEnvironmentalImpact relationship: decrease Soil [Term] id: SolarActivity name: SolarActivity is_a: SolarPhenomena [Term] id: SolarCycle name: SolarCycle is_a: GlobalCycle relationship: hasPhenomena SolarActivity [Term] id: SolarEnergeticParticle name: SolarEnergeticParticle is_a: CosmicRay [Term] id: SolarEnergy name: SolarEnergy is_a: RenewableEnergySource [Term] id: SolarFlux name: SolarFlux is_a: RadiativeFlux [Term] id: SolarForcing name: SolarForcing is_a: RadiativeForcing [Term] id: SolarPhenomena name: SolarPhenomena is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: SolarPower name: SolarPower is_a: PowerSource is_a: SolarEnergy [Term] id: SolarRadiation name: SolarRadiation comment: The total electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. is_a: ElectromagneticRadiationQuantity [Term] id: SolarThermalPower name: SolarThermalPower is_a: SolarPower is_a: ThermalCollection [Term] id: SolarTime name: SolarTime is_a: LocalTime [Term] id: SolidAngle name: SolidAngle is_a: Quantity relationship: hasGeometricalObject Cone [Term] id: SolidPhenomena name: SolidPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: SolidProperty name: SolidProperty is_a: MaterialProperty [Term] id: SolidState name: SolidState is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: SolidSubstance name: SolidSubstance is_a: Substance [Term] id: SolidWave name: SolidWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: Solidification name: Solidification is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Solidify name: Solidify is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Solidity name: Solidity is_a: StrengthProperty equivalent_to: Solidness [Term] id: Solifluction name: Solifluction is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: Solstice name: Solstice is_a: Instant [Term] id: Solubility name: Solubility comment: The total amount of solute species that will remain indefinitely in a solution maintained at constant temperature and pressure in contact with the solid crystals from which the solutes were derived. is_a: ReactionProperty [Term] id: Solution name: Solution comment: In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. All solutions are characterized by interactions between the solvent phase and solute molecules or ions that result in a net decrease in free energy. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixture is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: SolutionStrategy name: SolutionStrategy is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Soot name: Soot is_a: Particulate [Term] id: Sorption name: Sorption union_of: Absorption ! Absorption union_of: Adsorption [Term] id: Sound name: Sound is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Source name: Source is_a: SystemComponent [Term] id: SouthLatitudeBand name: SouthLatitudeBand is_a: LatitudeBand [Term] id: SouthLatitudeLine name: SouthLatitudeLine is_a: LatitudeLine [Term] id: SouthernHemisphere name: SouthernHemisphere is_a: SouthLatitudeBand [Term] id: SouthernOscillation name: SouthernOscillation is_a: EarthOscillation [Term] id: Space name: Space comment: This concept is of space as an independent variable is_a: Dimension [Term] id: SpaceCooling name: SpaceCooling is_a: EnergyEndUse [Term] id: SpaceHeating name: SpaceHeating is_a: EnergyEndUse [Term] id: SpaceProgram name: SpaceProgram is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: SpaceShuttle name: SpaceShuttle is_a: Spacecraft [Term] id: SpaceTravel name: SpaceTravel is_a: SpaceProgram [Term] id: Spacecraft name: Spacecraft is_a: TransportationEquipment relationship: hasRealm OuterSpace [Term] id: Spall name: Spall is_a: Landform [Term] id: SpatialConfiguration name: SpatialConfiguration is_a: SpatialProperty [Term] id: SpatialDistribution name: SpatialDistribution is_a: DistributionFunction is_a: SpatialConfiguration [Term] id: SpatialExtent name: SpatialExtent is_a: LinearExtent [Term] id: SpatialFrequency name: SpatialFrequency is_a: PerMeterQuantity is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: SpatialMeasure name: SpatialMeasure is_a: Measure is_a: SpatialProperty [Term] id: SpatialProperty name: SpatialProperty is_a: Property relationship: measureOf Space [Term] id: SpatialRepresentation name: SpatialRepresentation is_a: Representation relationship: representationOf Space [Term] id: SpatialScale name: SpatialScale is_a: OrdinalScale [Term] id: SpatialSource name: SpatialSource is_a: SpatialProperty [Term] id: SpatterCone name: SpatterCone comment: A low, steep-sided cone of spatter built up on a fissure or vent. It is usually of basaltic material. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Spawning name: Spawning is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: SpecialAdministrationRegion name: SpecialAdministrationRegion is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside Country [Term] id: Speciation name: Speciation is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Species name: Species is_a: Organism [Term] id: SpeciesInteraction name: SpeciesInteraction is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: SpeciesRecruitment name: SpeciesRecruitment is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: SpecificEnergy name: SpecificEnergy is_a: IntensiveProperty is_a: Ratio relationship: hasFirstOperand Energy relationship: hasSecondOperand Mass [Term] id: SpecificPotentialEnergy name: SpecificPotentialEnergy is_a: SpecificEnergy relationship: hasFirstOperand PotentialEnergy [Term] id: SpecificVolume name: SpecificVolume comment: 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. is_a: IntensiveProperty [Term] id: Spectral name: Spectral is_a: Model [Term] id: SpectralBand name: SpectralBand is_a: Interval is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: SpectralElement name: SpectralElement is_a: Model [Term] id: SpectralLine name: SpectralLine is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: SpectralRadiance name: SpectralRadiance comment: The radiance per unit wavelength or wavenumber interval. is_a: Radiance [Term] id: Speed name: Speed is_a: MotionProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: SpeedState name: SpeedState is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: Sphere name: Sphere is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Spheroid name: Spheroid is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Spicule name: Spicule is_a: Jet is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Spill name: Spill is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: SpillingBreaker name: SpillingBreaker is_a: Breaker [Term] id: Spintery name: Spintery comment: Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Spiral name: Spiral is_a: Arc [Term] id: Spit name: Spit is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: SplittingConvectiveStorm name: SplittingConvectiveStorm comment: The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. is_a: Storm [Term] id: Spray name: Spray is_a: Aerosol [Term] id: Spread name: Spread is_a: Deviation [Term] id: Spreading name: Spreading comment: A spreading event occurs whenever plates drift apart (Plate Divergence). [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: SpreadingRate name: SpreadingRate comment: The spreading rate is a measure of how fast plate divergence is occurring. [Wikipedia] is_a: Rate [Term] id: Spring name: Spring comment: A spring is a point where groundwater flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. Dependent upon the constancy of the water source (rainfall or snowmelt that infiltrates the earth), a spring may be ephemeral (intermittent) or perennial (continuous). is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Sputtering name: Sputtering is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Squall name: Squall comment: A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: SquallLine name: SquallLine comment: A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms. is_a: Thunderstorm [Term] id: Square name: Square is_a: Rectangle is_a: UnaryOperation [Term] id: SquareRoot name: SquareRoot is_a: UnaryOperation [Term] id: Stability name: Stability equivalent_to: Stable disjoint_from: Unstable [Term] id: Stable name: Stable comment: The characteristic of a system if sufficiently small disturbances have only small effects, either decreasing in amplitude or oscillating periodically; it is asymptotically stable if the effect of small disturbances vanishes for long time periods. is_a: SystemState [Term] id: StableBoundaryLayer name: StableBoundaryLayer is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer [Term] id: StableContinent name: StableContinent comment: A distinction of whether the continental is on a stable paltform, i.e., over millions of years. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: partOf ContinentalLithosphere [Term] id: StackEffect name: StackEffect comment: An effect due to heat sources within a local exhaust enclosure (stack) producing convective air currents with vertical velocities proportional to the rate of heat transferred to the surrounding air and to the height of rise of the heated air. is_a: Convection [Term] id: StageHeight name: StageHeight is_a: WaterHeight [Term] id: Standard name: Standard is_a: GoverningBodyProduct [Term] id: StandardDeviation name: StandardDeviation is_a: Spread is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: StandardError name: StandardError is_a: Estimate relationship: estimateOf StandardDeviation [Term] id: StandardIndustrialClassification name: StandardIndustrialClassification is_a: Industry [Term] id: StandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea name: StandardMetropolitanStatisticalArea is_a: MetropolitanArea [Term] id: StandardizedPrecipitationIndex name: StandardizedPrecipitationIndex is_a: DroughtIndex [Term] id: StandardsBody name: StandardsBody is_a: GoverningBody [Term] id: StandingWave name: StandingWave comment: A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. is_a: Wave disjoint_from: TravelingWave [Term] id: Star name: Star is_a: AstronomicalBody is_a: GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: StartTime name: StartTime is_a: Instant [Term] id: State name: State is_a: AdministrativeRegion relationship: inside Country [Term] id: StateChange name: StateChange name: State Change comment: change of state by state variable change is_a: PhysicalProcess relationship: from StateOfMatter relationship: to StateOfMatter [Term] id: StateOfMatter name: StateOfMatter is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: StaticHead name: StaticHead is_a: FluidHead [Term] id: StaticPressure name: StaticPressure is_a: Pressure [Term] id: StaticStability name: StaticStability comment: The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy. is_a: FluidInstability [Term] id: StaticTemperature name: StaticTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: StationaryEddy name: StationaryEddy comment: In studies of the general circulation, the eddies are the departures of a field from the zonal mean of that field; the stationary eddies are the time-averaged, or time-invariant, component of the eddy field. is_a: Eddy [Term] id: StatisticalDistribution name: StatisticalDistribution is_a: DistributionFunction [Term] id: StatisticalInference name: StatisticalInference is_a: StatisticalOperation [Term] id: StatisticalOperation name: StatisticalOperation is_a: Operation [Term] id: StatisticalSample name: StatisticalSample is_a: Sample [Term] id: StatisticalScore name: StatisticalScore is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: StatisticalSummary name: StatisticalSummary is_a: Property [Term] id: Statistics name: Statistics is_a: NumericalEntity [Term] id: Steam name: Steam equivalent_to: WaterVapor [Term] id: StellarAtmosphere name: StellarAtmosphere is_a: StellarRealm [Term] id: StellarCore name: StellarCore is_a: StellarInterior relationship: hasChemicalReaction NuclearFusion [Term] id: StellarFusion name: StellarFusion is_a: NuclearFusion relationship: hasReactionProduct Neutrino [Term] id: StellarInterior name: StellarInterior is_a: StellarRealm [Term] id: StellarPhenomena name: StellarPhenomena is_a: Phenomena relationship: hasRealm StellarRealm [Term] id: StellarRealm name: StellarRealm is_a: Realm [Term] id: StellarWind name: StellarWind is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Step name: Step is_a: Function [Term] id: Stewardship name: Stewardship is_a: Management [Term] id: Stiffness name: Stiffness is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: StochasticProcess name: StochasticProcess is_a: DynamicalPhenomena [Term] id: StockProperty name: StockProperty is_a: SystemProperty [Term] id: StokesParameters name: StokesParameters is_a: VectorQuantity [Term] id: StorageCoefficient name: StorageCoefficient comment: The volume of water an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the aquifer per unit change in head (virtually equal to the specific yield in an unconfined aquifer). is_a: HydrogeologicalProperty equivalent_to: Storativity [Term] id: Storm name: Storm is_a: AtmosphericPrecipitation [Term] id: StormSurge name: StormSurge is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: Strain name: Strain is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Strait name: Strait is_a: Channel [Term] id: Strata name: Strata is_a: Layer [Term] id: Stratiform name: Stratiform is_a: Cloud [Term] id: StratigraphicSequence name: StratigraphicSequence is_a: History [Term] id: Stratigraphy name: Stratigraphy is_a: Petrology [Term] id: Stratocumulus name: Stratocumulus is_a: Stratiform [Term] id: Stratopause name: Stratopause is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: Stratosphere name: Stratosphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer relationship: hasLowerBoundary Tropopause relationship: hasUpperBoundary Stratopause [Term] id: Stratus name: Stratus is_a: Stratiform [Term] id: Streak name: Streak comment: Color of the powder of a substance. is_a: Color [Term] id: Stream name: Stream comment: A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: StreamDischarge name: StreamDischarge is_a: Discharge [Term] id: StreamStage name: StreamStage is_a: StageHeight [Term] id: Streamflow name: Streamflow comment: Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the runoff of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff. Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from groundwater flow out of the ground, and from water discharged from pipes. The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream gauges or can be estimated by the Manning equation. The record of flow over time is called a hydrograph. Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the channel. is_a: WaterFlow [Term] id: Strength name: Strength is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: StrengthProperty name: StrengthProperty is_a: SolidProperty [Term] id: Stress name: Stress is_a: Pressure is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: StressRegime name: StressRegime comment: Stress regimes are shear zones. A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock. Typically this is a type of fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary [Term] id: Stretch name: Stretch is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Striation name: Striation is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: StripMining name: StripMining is_a: Mining [Term] id: StructuralComponent name: StructuralComponent is_a: StructuralModel [Term] id: StructuralModel name: StructuralModel is_a: Model [Term] id: Structure name: Structure is_a: DataStructure is_a: StrengthProperty [Term] id: SubatomicParticle name: SubatomicParticle is_a: Substance [Term] id: Subconchoidal name: Subconchoidal comment: Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. is_a: Fracture [Term] id: Subduction name: Subduction is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: SubductionZone name: SubductionZone comment: A subduction zone is an area on Earth where two tectonic plates move towards one another and subduction occurs. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicProvince [Term] id: Sublimation name: Sublimation is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: Subside name: Subside is_a: SolidPhenomena equivalent_to: Subsidence [Term] id: Subsidence name: Subsidence comment: Subsidence is the motion of a surface (usually, the Earth's surface) as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. [Wikipedia] is_a: MaterialDisplacement [Term] id: SubsolarPoint name: SubsolarPoint is_a: Location [Term] id: SubstanceForm name: SubstanceForm is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: Subsurface name: Subsurface is_a: PlanetaryRealm [Term] id: Subtraction name: Subtraction is_a: BinaryOperation [Term] id: SubtropicalClimateZone name: SubtropicalClimateZone is_a: ClimateZoneType [Term] id: SubtropicalCyclone name: SubtropicalCyclone is_a: AtmosphericCyclone [Term] id: Succession name: Succession is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Successor name: Successor is_a: ProvenanceElement [Term] id: SuccessorBasin name: SuccessorBasin comment: Successor basins arise from shifting and merging of fore arc, back-arc and intra-arc basins. Basins or sequences that overlap terrane boundaries. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: Suction name: Suction is_a: Pressure [Term] id: Sum name: Sum equivalent_to: Summation [Term] id: Summation name: Summation is_a: BinaryOperation [Term] id: Summit name: Summit is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: Sunlight name: Sunlight comment: Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the atmosphere, and the solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. This is usually during the hours known as day. Near the poles in summer, sunlight also occurs during the hours known as night and in the winter at the poles sunlight may not occur at any time. When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and heat. Radiant heat directly produced by the radiation of the sun is different from the increase in atmospheric temperature due to the radiative heating of the atmosphere by the sun's radiation. is_a: RadiativeHeating [Term] id: Sunlit name: Sunlit is_a: WeatherCondition [Term] id: Sunrise name: Sunrise is_a: Instant relationship: startOf Morning [Term] id: Sunset name: Sunset is_a: Instant relationship: startOf Evening [Term] id: Sunspot name: Sunspot is_a: SolarPhenomena [Term] id: SupercellConvectiveStorm name: SupercellConvectiveStorm is_a: ConvectiveStorm [Term] id: Supercontinent name: Supercontinent comment: In geology, a supercontinent is a land mass comprising more than one continental core, or craton. The assembly of cratons and accreted terranes that form Eurasia qualifies as a supercontinent today. is_a: GeologicProvince relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure Craton relationship: hasRealm ContinentalLithosphere [Term] id: Supereon name: Supereon comment: The largest defined unit of time is the supereon, composed of eons.] [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicTimeUnit [Term] id: Supergranulation name: Supergranulation is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: Supply name: Supply is_a: Product [Term] id: SupraSubductionZoneComplex name: SupraSubductionZoneComplex comment: There is increasing evidence that most ophiolites are generated when subduction begins and thus represent fragments of fore-arc lithosphere. This led to introduction of the term "supra-subduction zone" (SSZ) ophiolite in the 1980s to acknowledge that some ophiolites are more closely related to island arcs than ocean ridges. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicProvince [Term] id: Supratidal name: Supratidal is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: SurfBeat name: SurfBeat is_a: CoastalPhenomena [Term] id: Surface name: Surface is_a: GeometricalObject [Term] id: SurfaceIntegral name: SurfaceIntegral is_a: MultipleIntegral [Term] id: SurfaceMoistureIndex name: SurfaceMoistureIndex is_a: DroughtIndex [Term] id: SurfaceTension name: SurfaceTension is_a: FluidProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: Tension [Term] id: SurfaceWater name: SurfaceWater is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: SurfaceWave name: SurfaceWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: Surge name: Surge is_a: Flux [Term] id: SurgingBreaker name: SurgingBreaker is_a: Breaker [Term] id: Survival name: Survival is_a: VitalActivity [Term] id: SuspendedGas name: SuspendedGas is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: SuspendedLoad name: SuspendedLoad is_a: Load is_a: SuspendedSolid equivalent_to: SuspensionLoad disjoint_from: WashLoad [Term] id: SuspendedSolid name: SuspendedSolid is_a: SolidSubstance is_a: SuspendedSubstance [Term] id: SuspendedSubstance name: SuspendedSubstance is_a: Substance [Term] id: Sustainability name: Sustainability equivalent_to: Sustainable [Term] id: Sustainable name: Sustainable is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: SustainableDevelopment name: SustainableDevelopment is_a: Development relationship: hasHumanActivity Sustainable [Term] id: Suture name: Suture comment: A suture is where a fragment of crustal material is accreted to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] is_a: FossilPlateBoundary is_a: FractureZone [Term] id: Swamp name: Swamp comment: A swamp is a wetland that features temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, and covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation.The water of a swamp may be fresh water or salt water. A swamp is also generally defined as having no substantial peat deposits. is_a: Wetland relationship: hasSpecies Vegetation [Term] id: Swath name: Swath is_a: DataModel [Term] id: Swath_2D name: Swath_2D is_a: Swath relationship: hasGeometricalObject GeometricalObject_2D [Term] id: Swath_3D name: Swath_3D is_a: Swath relationship: hasGeometricalObject GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: Swell name: Swell comment: Surface gravity waves on the ocean that are not growing or being sustained any longer by the wind. is_a: CoastalPhenomena is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: Symbiosis name: Symbiosis is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: Synergy name: Synergy is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: System name: System comment: System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.\n is_a: Model [Term] id: SystemDynamics name: SystemDynamics comment: System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling nonlinearity is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: SystemPhenomena name: SystemPhenomena is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: SystemProperty name: SystemProperty is_a: Property [Term] id: SystemState name: SystemState is_a: State [Term] id: SystemStateChange name: SystemStateChange is_a: Change [Term] id: TUTT name: TUTT equivalent_to: TropicalUpperTroposphericTrough [Term] id: TabularIceberg name: TabularIceberg is_a: Iceberg [Term] id: Tacocline name: Tacocline is_a: StellarInterior [Term] id: Tailwind name: Tailwind comment: A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind. is_a: Wind [Term] id: Takeoff name: Takeoff is_a: Departure [Term] id: Talus name: Talus comment: A slope formed at the base of a steeper slope, made of fallen and disintegrated materials. is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: TangentialAcceleration name: TangentialAcceleration comment: The component of the acceleration directed along the velocity vector (streamline), with magnitude equal to the rate of change of speed of the parcel dV/dt, where V is the speed. is_a: Acceleration ! Acceleration [Term] id: TaylorSeries name: TaylorSeries is_a: Expansion is_a: NumericalSolution [Term] id: TearingMode name: TearingMode is_a: Instability [Term] id: TectonicAssemblage name: TectonicAssemblage comment: A tectonic ssemblage is a geological term for an accreted terrane of heterogeneous rocks. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicFeature [Term] id: TectonicForce name: TectonicForce comment: The tectonic force is the force created by one tectonic plate pushing against another due to upwellings of the mantle, [Wikipedia] is_a: Force equivalent_to: TectonicProcess relationship: hasPhenomena TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: TectonicLandform name: TectonicLandform is_a: Landform [Term] id: TectonicPhenomena name: TectonicPhenomena comment: The tectonic phenomena is the observable motions of the tectonic plates in the Earth's Lithosphere. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeospherePhenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Deformation relationship: hasRealm Crust [Term] id: TectonicUplift name: TectonicUplift is_a: TectonicPhenomena [Term] id: Tectonics name: Tectonics comment: Tectonics is a field of study within geology concerned generally with the structures within the crust of the Earth (or other planets) and particularly with the forces and movements that have operated in a region to create these structures. Tectonics is concerned with the orogenies and tectonic development of cratons and tectonic terranes as well as the earthquake and volcanic belts which directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores. A subfield of tectonics that deals with tectonic phenomena in the geologically recent period is called neotectonics. is_a: Geology [Term] id: Teleconnection name: Teleconnection is_a: PlanetaryPhenomena [Term] id: Temperature name: Temperature is_a: ThermodynamicQuantity relationship: measureOf Heat [Term] id: TemperatureDepthDerivative name: TemperatureDepthDerivative comment: The derivative of temperature with respect to depth. is_a: TemperatureGradient relationship: derivativeWithRespectTo Depth [Term] id: TemperatureGradient name: TemperatureGradient comment: The derivative of temperature. is_a: ThermodynamicQuantity equivalent_to: ThermalGradient relationship: hasGradient Temperature [Term] id: TemperatureGradientRange name: TemperatureGradientRange is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf TemperatureGradient [Term] id: TemperatureHeightDerivative name: TemperatureHeightDerivative comment: The derivative of temperature with respect to height. is_a: TemperatureGradient relationship: derivativeWithRespectTo Height [Term] id: TemperatureRange name: TemperatureRange is_a: IntervalQuantity is_a: OrdinalProperty relationship: rangeOf Temperature [Term] id: TemporalAverage name: TemporalAverage equivalent_to: TimeMean [Term] id: TemporalEntity name: TemporalEntity is_a: NumericalEntity is_a: Time [Term] id: TemporalExtent name: TemporalExtent is_a: TemporalEntity [Term] id: TemporalMean name: TemporalMean equivalent_to: TimeMean [Term] id: TemporalRange name: TemporalRange is_a: IntervalQuantity equivalent_to: TimeRange relationship: rangeOf Time [Term] id: TemporalReference name: TemporalReference is_a: TemporalEntity equivalent_to: TimeReference [Term] id: TemporalRepresentation name: TemporalRepresentation is_a: Representation relationship: representationOf Time [Term] id: TensileStrength name: TensileStrength is_a: Strength [Term] id: TensileStress name: TensileStress is_a: Stress [Term] id: Tension name: Tension is_a: Force [Term] id: Tensor name: Tensor is_a: Seq relationship: eachElementHasType Matrix [Term] id: TensorField name: TensorField is_a: Field is_a: TensorFunction [Term] id: TensorFieldOperation name: TensorFieldOperation is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasInput TensorField [Term] id: TensorFunction name: TensorFunction is_a: Function relationship: hasInput Tensor [Term] id: Tephra name: Tephra comment: Tephra is a collective term (generally plural) used for all material -- regardless of size-- ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption. is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: TerminalVelocity name: TerminalVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: TerminationShock name: TerminationShock is_a: StellarPhenomena [Term] id: TernaryOperation name: TernaryOperation is_a: Operation relationship: hasInput OrderedTriple [Term] id: Terracette name: Terracette is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: Terrane name: Terrane comment: A terrane in geology is a fragment of crustal material formed on, or broken off from, one tectonic plate and accreted Ñ "sutured" Ñ to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] is_a: TectonicAssemblage [Term] id: TerrestrialRadiation name: TerrestrialRadiation comment: Longwave radiation originating by thermal emission from a planetary surface and/or its atmosphere is_a: RadiativeFlux [Term] id: TerrigenousSediment name: TerrigenousSediment comment: In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely limited to the continental shelf. is_a: Sediment relationship: hasGenesis Erosion [Term] id: TertiaryCirculation name: TertiaryCirculation comment: The generally small, localized atmospheric circulations. is_a: AtmosphericCirculation [Term] id: Texture name: Texture is_a: ConsistenceProperty [Term] id: Thawing name: Thawing is_a: Melting [Term] id: Theoretical name: Theoretical equivalent_to: Theory [Term] id: Theory name: Theory is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Thermal name: Thermal is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: ThermalClimate name: ThermalClimate is_a: Climate relationship: hasQuantity Temperature [Term] id: ThermalCollection name: ThermalCollection is_a: EnergyCollection [Term] id: ThermalFlux name: ThermalFlux is_a: EnergyFlux is_a: ThermodynamicQuantity [Term] id: ThermalProcess name: ThermalProcess is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: ThermalProfile name: ThermalProfile is_a: Profile is_a: ThermodynamicQuantity [Term] id: ThermalVelocity name: ThermalVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: ThermalWind name: ThermalWind comment: The mean wind-shear vector in geostrophic balance with the gradient of mean temperature of a layer bounded by two isobaric surfaces. is_a: Wind [Term] id: ThermochemicalEnergy name: ThermochemicalEnergy is_a: ChemicalEnergy [Term] id: Thermocline name: Thermocline comment: The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. is_a: WaterBodyLayer relationship: hasQuantity TemperatureGradient [Term] id: ThermodynamicProperty name: ThermodynamicProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty relationship: studyOf Thermodynamics [Term] id: ThermodynamicQuantity name: ThermodynamicQuantity is_a: Quantity is_a: ThermodynamicProperty [Term] id: ThermodynamicState name: ThermodynamicState is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: Thermodynamics name: Thermodynamics is_a: Physics relationship: studyOf Heat [Term] id: ThermohalineCirculation name: ThermohalineCirculation is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: Thermoluminescence name: Thermoluminescence comment: Glows when heated is_a: Luminescence [Term] id: Thermosphere name: Thermosphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer relationship: hasLowerBoundary Mesopause [Term] id: Thickness name: Thickness is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: VerticalExtent [Term] id: Thinning name: Thinning is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: Thorn name: Thorn is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Threshold name: Threshold is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: ThrustSystem name: ThrustSystem comment: A thrust fault system is one in which the higher side of the fault moves upward. [Wikipedia] is_a: FractureZone [Term] id: Thunderstorm name: Thunderstorm is_a: Storm [Term] id: ThunderstormOutflow name: ThunderstormOutflow comment: The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasPhenomena Thunderstorm [Term] id: Tidal name: Tidal is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: TidalCurrent name: TidalCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent relationship: hasPhenomena OceanTide [Term] id: TidalWave name: TidalWave equivalent_to: Tsunami [Term] id: Tide name: Tide is_a: PlanetaryOscillation [Term] id: Tilt name: Tilt is_a: Direction [Term] id: Time name: Time comment: This concept is of time as an independent variable comment: This is a reference to time as a dependent variable is_a: Dimension is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: TimeAverage name: TimeAverage equivalent_to: TimeMean [Term] id: TimeFrame name: TimeFrame is_a: ReferenceFrame is_a: Time [Term] id: TimeMean name: TimeMean is_a: Average relationship: averageOver Time [Term] id: TimePeriod name: TimePeriod is_a: Duration relationship: hasEndTime Time relationship: hasStartTime Time [Term] id: TimeStep name: TimeStep is_a: Duration [Term] id: TimeZone name: TimeZone is_a: TemporalReference [Term] id: Timestamp name: Timestamp is_a: Instant [Term] id: TippingPoint name: TippingPoint is_a: CriticalPoint [Term] id: Titration name: Titration comment: Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Tolerance name: Tolerance is_a: Deviation is_a: Error [Term] id: Tombolo name: Tombolo is_a: Bar [Term] id: Top name: Top is_a: Maximum relationship: above Bottom [Term] id: TopographicProminence name: TopographicProminence comment: In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. It is a measure of the independent stature of a summit. is_a: Height [Term] id: TopographicWave name: TopographicWave comment: Waves with a restoring force arising from variations in depth. The stretching or compression of displaced columns of water generates anomalous vorticity tending to drive them back to their original position. is_a: GravityWave ! Gravity Wave [Term] id: TopographicalRegion name: TopographicalRegion is_a: SurfaceRegion [Term] id: Topography name: Topography is_a: Height [Term] id: Tornado name: Tornado is_a: Storm [Term] id: Torrent name: Torrent is_a: Discharge [Term] id: Torus name: Torus is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: TotalAlkalinity name: TotalAlkalinity is_a: Alkalinity [Term] id: TotalDissolvedSolids name: TotalDissolvedSolids is_a: Density relationship: hasSubstance DissolvedSolid [Term] id: TotalHead name: TotalHead is_a: FluidHead [Term] id: TotalPressure name: TotalPressure is_a: Pressure [Term] id: TotalSoilWaterPotential name: TotalSoilWaterPotential comment: The sum of the energy-related components of a soil-water system; i.e., the sum of the gravitational, matric, and osmotic components. is_a: HydrogeologicalProperty [Term] id: TotalSuspendedSolids name: TotalSuspendedSolids is_a: Density relationship: hasSubstance SuspendedSolid [Term] id: TotalTemperature name: TotalTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Towering name: Towering is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Toxicity name: Toxicity is_a: EnvironmentalImpact [Term] id: Toxicology name: Toxicology is_a: Biology [Term] id: TraceGas name: TraceGas is_a: TraceSubstance [Term] id: TraceMetal name: TraceMetal is_a: Metal is_a: TraceSubstance [Term] id: TraceSubstance name: TraceSubstance is_a: Substance [Term] id: Trachyandesite name: Trachyandesite comment: An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Trachybasalt name: Trachybasalt comment: An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and basalt. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Trachyte name: Trachyte comment: A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: TradeWind name: TradeWind comment: The wind system, occupying most of the Tropics, that blows from the subtropical highs toward the equatorial trough; a major component of the general circulation of the atmosphere. is_a: GlobalWindCirculation relationship: hasPhenomena AtmosphericCirculation [Term] id: Trailer name: Trailer is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Train name: Train is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Trajectory name: Trajectory comment: Curve in space tracing the points successivley occupied by a particle in motion is_a: Curve is_a: DataModel [Term] id: TranscendentalFunction name: TranscendentalFunction is_a: Function [Term] id: TransformBoundary name: TransformBoundary comment: A transform plate boundary is where two lithospheric plates slide past each other and where crust is neither produced or destroyed. [Wikipedia] is_a: PlateBoundary equivalent_to: TransformMargin equivalent_to: TransformPlateBoundary relationship: hasBasin TranspressionalBasin [Term] id: TransformFault name: TransformFault is_a: Fault [Term] id: TransformFaulting name: TransformFaulting is_a: TectonicPhenomena relationship: hasRealm TransformFault [Term] id: Transformation name: Transformation is_a: SystemStateChange equivalent_to: Transforming [Term] id: Transit name: Transit is_a: Transportation [Term] id: TransitionMetal name: TransitionMetal is_a: Metal [Term] id: TransitionZone name: TransitionZone is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: TransitionalCrust name: TransitionalCrust comment: Transitional crust is crust that is thinned by the upwelling of mantle. [Wikipedia] is_a: Crust [Term] id: TransitionalLithosphere name: TransitionalLithosphere is_a: GeosphereLayer relationship: hasPlanetaryStructure TransitionalCrust [Term] id: Translation name: Translation is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: Transmission name: Transmission is_a: MediumWaveInteractionProcess equivalent_to: Transmit [Term] id: Transmit name: Transmit is_a: Communication [Term] id: Transmitter name: Transmitter is_a: CommunicationsEquipment relationship: hasRole Transmission [Term] id: Transmutation name: Transmutation is_a: ChemicalProcess [Term] id: Transpiration name: Transpiration is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Transport name: Transport is_a: HumanActivity is_a: Phenomena [Term] id: Transportation name: Transportation is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: TransportationEquipment name: TransportationEquipment is_a: Equipment relationship: hasHumanActivity Transportation [Term] id: TranspressionalBasin name: TranspressionalBasin comment: Transpression basins are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: TranspressionalStressRegime name: TranspressionalStressRegime comment: Transpression regimes are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] is_a: StressRegime relationship: hasSubstance Melange [Term] id: TranstensionalBasin name: TranstensionalBasin comment: Transtension basins are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] is_a: Basin [Term] id: TranstensionalStressRegime name: TranstensionalStressRegime comment: Transtension regimes are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] is_a: StressRegime [Term] id: TransverseWave name: TransverseWave comment: A transverse wave is a wave that causes vibration in the medium in a perpendicular direction to its own motion. For example: if a wave moves along the x-axis, its disturbances are in the yz-plane. In other words, it causes medium disturbances across the two-dimensional plane that it is travelling in. Contrary to popular belief, transversal waves do not necessarily move up and down. is_a: Wave [Term] id: Trapping name: Trapping is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: TravelingWave name: TravelingWave is_a: Wave [Term] id: Treaty name: Treaty is_a: HumanLaw [Term] id: Tree name: Tree is_a: Graph is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: TreeRing name: TreeRing is_a: PlantPart relationship: componentOf Tree [Term] id: Tremor name: Tremor comment: Low amplitude, continuous earthquake activity often associated with magma movement. is_a: Earthquake [Term] id: Trench name: Trench comment: A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and by being narrow compared to their length (as opposed to a simple hole). Trenches are a natural feature in many landscapes. Some are created by rivers in flow (which may have long since fallen dry), others are features created by geological movement, such as oceanic trenches. The latter form is relatively deep, linear and narrow, and is formed by plate subduction. [Wikipedia] is_a: Canyon [Term] id: Trend name: Trend is_a: SystemPhenomena [Term] id: Triboluminescence name: Triboluminescence comment: Glows when struck is_a: Luminescence [Term] id: Tributary name: Tributary is_a: Collector [Term] id: TrigonometricFunction name: TrigonometricFunction is_a: TranscendentalFunction [Term] id: TripleJunction name: TripleJunction comment: The Galapagos Triple Junction is a geological area in the eastern Pacific Ocean several hundred miles west of the Galapagos Islands where three tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate - meet. [Wikipedia] is_a: GeologicBoundary [Term] id: TriplePoint name: TriplePoint comment: A junction point within the tropics of three distinct air masses, considered to be an ideal point of origin for a tropical cyclone. is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena is_a: Temperature [Term] id: TrophicDynamics name: TrophicDynamics is_a: EcologicalDynamics [Term] id: TrophicLevel name: TrophicLevel is_a: Level [Term] id: TropicalClimateZone name: TropicalClimateZone is_a: ClimateZoneType [Term] id: TropicalCyclone name: TropicalCyclone is_a: AtmosphericCyclone [Term] id: TropicalStorm name: TropicalStorm is_a: TropicalCyclone [Term] id: TropicalUpperTroposphericTrough name: TropicalUpperTroposphericTrough is_a: TropicalCyclone [Term] id: Tropopause name: Tropopause is_a: PlanetaryBoundary [Term] id: Troposphere name: Troposphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer relationship: hasLowerBoundary PlanetarySurface relationship: hasUpperBoundary Tropopause [Term] id: Trough name: Trough comment: In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. is_a: GeometricalObject is_a: Trough relationship: hasState LowPressure ! Low Pressure [Term] id: Truck name: Truck is_a: Vehicle [Term] id: Trunk name: Trunk is_a: PlantPart [Term] id: Trust name: Trust is_a: OrdinalProperty [Term] id: Tsunami name: Tsunami comment: Waves generated by seismic activity. is_a: OceanPhenomena is_a: SeismicWave [Term] id: Tube name: Tube is_a: GeometricalObject_3D [Term] id: TubularCollector name: TubularCollector is_a: EnergyCollector [Term] id: Tuff name: Tuff comment: Rock formed of pyroclastic material. is_a: Pyroclastic [Term] id: TuffCone name: TuffCone comment: A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring. is_a: VolcanicCone [Term] id: TuffRing name: TuffRing comment: A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Tundra name: Tundra comment: In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica), and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. is_a: Land relationship: hasRealm FrozenGround [Term] id: Tunnel name: Tunnel is_a: FluvialLandform is_a: Tube [Term] id: Turbidite name: Turbidite is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: Turbidity name: Turbidity comment: The effect of (primarily) aerosols, through their total optical depth, in reducing the transmission of direct solar radiation to the surface below that through a purely molecular atmosphere.\n Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionQuantity [Term] id: TurbidityCurrent name: TurbidityCurrent is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: Turbulence name: Turbulence comment: Irregular fluctuations occurring in fluid motions. is_a: Fluctuation is_a: FluidPhenomena [Term] id: TurbulentDiffusion name: TurbulentDiffusion comment: Diffusion or dispersion due to the effects of turbulent motions. is_a: Diffusion [Term] id: Twig name: Twig is_a: PlantPart [Term] id: Twilight name: Twilight is_a: ProperInterval [Term] id: Type name: Type is_a: CategoricalProperty [Term] id: Typhoon name: Typhoon is_a: TropicalCyclone [Term] id: UVIndex name: UVIndex is_a: AirQualityIndex [Term] id: Ubac name: Ubac comment: The shady (usually poleward) side of a mountain. is_a: MountainRegion [Term] id: Ultramaphic name: Ultramaphic comment: The mantle is composed mostly of Ultramafic rocks (or see Igneous Primer) such as peridotite and dunite and their metamorphic equivalents (e.g. ecologite). [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: Umbra name: Umbra is_a: Shadow [Term] id: UnaryOperation name: UnaryOperation is_a: Operation relationship: hasInput Scalar [Term] id: UnconfinedAquifer name: UnconfinedAquifer is_a: Aquifer equivalent_to: WaterTableAquifer [Term] id: UnconfinedWell name: UnconfinedWell is_a: Well [Term] id: Unconformity name: Unconformity comment: A substantial break or gap in the geologic record where a rock unit is overlain by another that is not next in stratigraphic sucession, such as an interruption in continuity of a depositional sequence of sedimentary rocks or a break between eroded igneous rocks and younger sedimentary strata. It results from a change that caused deposition to cease for a considerable time, and it normally implies uplift and erosion with loss of the previous formed record. is_a: History [Term] id: UndergroundWater name: UndergroundWater is_a: Groundwater relationship: inside VadoseZone [Term] id: UndirectedGraph name: UndirectedGraph is_a: Graph [Term] id: Undulation name: Undulation is_a: Difference relationship: hasFirstOperand Geoid relationship: hasSecondOperand ReferenceEllipsoid [Term] id: Unit name: Unit is_a: Measurement [Term] id: UnitDefinedByProduct name: UnitDefinedByProduct is_a: ComplexUnit is_a: Product [Term] id: UnitDerivedByRaisingToPower name: UnitDerivedByRaisingToPower is_a: ComplexUnit [Term] id: UnitDerivedByScaling name: UnitDerivedByScaling is_a: ComplexUnit [Term] id: UnitDerivedByShifting name: UnitDerivedByShifting is_a: ComplexUnit [Term] id: Unmanned name: Unmanned is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: UnorderedPair name: UnorderedPair is_a: 2D is_a: Bag [Term] id: UnorderedVertexPair name: UnorderedVertexPair is_a: UnorderedPair relationship: eachElementHasType Vertex [Term] id: UnsaturatedZone name: UnsaturatedZone equivalent_to: VadoseZone [Term] id: Unstable name: Unstable comment: property describing unstable conditions, such as in the atmosphere is_a: SystemState [Term] id: Upconing name: Upconing comment: Process by which saline water underlying freshwater in an aquifer rises upward into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping water from the freshwater zone. is_a: SaltWaterIntrusion [Term] id: UpdraftCurtain name: UpdraftCurtain comment: Long narrow sheets of warm air rising from a heated surface. is_a: Convection [Term] id: Updrift name: Updrift is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: UpperAtmosphere name: UpperAtmosphere is_a: AtmosphereLayer [Term] id: UpperLevel name: UpperLevel is_a: Level [Term] id: UpperMantle name: UpperMantle comment: The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33Ð410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mantle [Term] id: UpperMantleRigid name: UpperMantleRigid comment: The uppermost mantle plus overlying crust are relatively rigid and form the lithosphere, an irregular layer with a maximum thickness of perhaps 200 km. [Wikipedia] is_a: UpperMantle [Term] id: UpslopeFog name: UpslopeFog comment: A type of fog formed when air flows upward over rising terrain and is, consequently, adiabatically cooled to or below its dewpoint. is_a: Fog relationship: hasPhenomena UpslopeWind [Term] id: UpslopeWind name: UpslopeWind comment: A wind directed up a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope. is_a: MountainWind [Term] id: Uptake name: Uptake is_a: Assimilation is_a: Transport [Term] id: Upwelling name: Upwelling comment: An ascending motion of subsurface water by which water from deeper layers is brought into the surface layer and is removed from the area of upwelling by divergent horizontal flow. is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: UrbanArea name: UrbanArea comment: An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. This term is at one end of the spectrum of suburban and rural areas. An urban area is more frequently called a city or town. is_a: AdministrativeRegion [Term] id: Urbanization name: Urbanization is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: UtilityFunction name: UtilityFunction is_a: OptimizationFunction [Term] id: Vacillation name: Vacillation comment: Oscillation, usually of a small amplitude, about a reference state. is_a: Oscillation [Term] id: VadoseZone name: VadoseZone is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: Validation name: Validation is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Valley name: Valley comment: A valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. [Wikipedia] is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: ValleyBog name: ValleyBog is_a: Bog [Term] id: ValleyWind name: ValleyWind comment: A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system. is_a: MesoscaleWind relationship: hasRealm Valley [Term] id: Valuation name: Valuation is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Value name: Value is_a: Data [Term] id: Vaporization name: Vaporization comment: The physical process by which a liquid is transformed to the gaseous state; the opposite of condensation. is_a: StateChange ! State Change [Term] id: Variability name: Variability is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Variable name: Variable is_a: NumericalEntity is_a: Representation [Term] id: VariableMapping name: VariableMapping is_a: ProvenanceElement [Term] id: Variance name: Variance is_a: Spread is_a: StatisticalSummary [Term] id: Variation name: Variation is_a: SystemStateChange [Term] id: Varve name: Varve comment: A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. is_a: Sediment [Term] id: Vector name: Vector comment: Any quantity, such as force, velocity, or acceleration, that has both magnitude and direction at each point in space, as opposed to a scalar that has magnitude only. is_a: Array is_a: DataModel [Term] id: VectorField name: VectorField is_a: Field is_a: VectorFunction [Term] id: VectorFieldOperation name: VectorFieldOperation is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasInput VectorField [Term] id: VectorFunction name: VectorFunction is_a: Function relationship: hasInput Vector [Term] id: VectorPotential name: VectorPotential is_a: Potential is_a: VectorQuantity [Term] id: VectorQuantity name: VectorQuantity is_a: Error11 is_a: Function is_a: ScientificQuantity relationship: hasOutput Vector [Term] id: VectorValuedOperation name: VectorValuedOperation is_a: OperationOnFunction relationship: hasOutput VectorField [Term] id: Vector_3D name: Vector_3D is_a: 3D is_a: Vector [Term] id: VeeringWind name: VeeringWind comment: In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that rotates in a clockwise direction with increasing height; the opposite of backing wind. is_a: Wind relationship: hasPhenomena Rotation [Term] id: Vegetable name: Vegetable is_a: Plant [Term] id: Vegetation name: Vegetation is_a: Plant [Term] id: VegetationCover name: VegetationCover is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: VegetationSpecies name: VegetationSpecies is_a: Vegetation [Term] id: Vehicle name: Vehicle is_a: TransportationEquipment [Term] id: Velocity name: Velocity comment: The time rate of change of a position vector; that is, a change of position expressed in terms of speed and direction. is_a: MotionProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity is_a: Vector [Term] id: VerifiedValidatedEnvironment name: VerifiedValidatedEnvironment is_a: ResearchSetting [Term] id: Version name: Version is_a: Iteration [Term] id: Vertex name: Vertex is_a: Point is_a: StructuralComponent equivalent_to: Vertice [Term] id: VerticalDirection name: VerticalDirection is_a: Direction [Term] id: VerticalExtent name: VerticalExtent is_a: SpatialExtent [Term] id: VerticalVelocity name: VerticalVelocity is_a: Velocity [Term] id: Vibration name: Vibration is_a: Noise [Term] id: VirtualPotentialTemperature name: VirtualPotentialTemperature is_a: PotentialTemperature [Term] id: VirtualTemperature name: VirtualTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: Virulence name: Virulence is_a: HealthIndex [Term] id: Viscosity name: Viscosity is_a: FluidProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity relationship: measureOf ViscousForce [Term] id: ViscousFlow name: ViscousFlow is_a: Flow [Term] id: ViscousForce name: ViscousForce comment: The transport of mass motion momentum solely by the random motions of individual molecules not moving together in coherent groups. is_a: Friction [Term] id: Visibility name: Visibility comment: The greatest distance in a given direction at which it is just possible to see and identify with the unaided eye is_a: Distance is_a: OrdinalProperty is_a: RadiationMediumInteractionProperty [Term] id: Vision name: Vision is_a: Sense [Term] id: VisualSolution name: VisualSolution is_a: Approximation is_a: Solution [Term] id: VitalActivity name: VitalActivity is_a: BiologicalActivity [Term] id: VitalStatistics name: VitalStatistics is_a: HealthIndex [Term] id: VolcanicCone name: VolcanicCone comment: A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: VolcanicDeposit name: VolcanicDeposit comment: Volcanic deposits are molten rock (lava), solid rocks and ash which surround a volcano crater. [Wikipedia] is_a: Substance [Term] id: VolcanicNeck name: VolcanicNeck comment: A massive pillar of rock more resistant to erosion than the lavas and pyroclastic rocks of a volcanic cone. is_a: VolcanicRock [Term] id: VolcanicRock name: VolcanicRock comment: Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] is_a: ExtrusiveRock [Term] id: Volume name: Volume is_a: SpatialMeasure [Term] id: VolumeIntegral name: VolumeIntegral is_a: MultipleIntegral [Term] id: Vortex name: Vortex comment: More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament. is_a: Flow relationship: hasProcess Rotation [Term] id: VorticityAdvection name: VorticityAdvection comment: Advection of vorticity by the total wind or force. is_a: Advection [Term] id: Wake name: Wake comment: The region of turbulence immediately to the rear of a solid body in motion relative to a fluid is_a: Turbulence [Term] id: WalkerCell name: WalkerCell equivalent_to: WalkerCirculation [Term] id: WalkerCirculation name: WalkerCirculation comment: A zonal circulation of the atmosphere confined to equatorial regions and driven principally by the oceanic temperature gradient. In the Pacific, air flows westward from the colder, eastern area to the warm, western ocean, where it acquires warmth and moisture and subsequently rises. A return flow aloft and subsidence over the eastern ocean complete the cell is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: Wall name: Wall is_a: FluvialLandform [Term] id: WallCloud name: WallCloud comment: A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. is_a: Cloud [Term] id: WarmConveyorBelt name: WarmConveyorBelt is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: WarmCoreCell name: WarmCoreCell is_a: OceanGyre [Term] id: WarmFront name: WarmFront name: Warm Front is_a: Front relationship: hasPhenomena Heating [Term] id: WarmPool name: WarmPool is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: WarmSector name: WarmSector comment: That area, within the circulation of a wave cyclone, where the warm air is found. Traditionally, it lies between the cold front and warm front of the storm; in the typical case, the warm sector continually diminishes in size and ultimately disappears (at the surface) as the result of occlusion. is_a: FrontRegion [Term] id: WarmestMonth name: WarmestMonth is_a: Time relationship: hasMaximum Temperature [Term] id: WarmestMonthTemperature name: WarmestMonthTemperature is_a: Temperature relationship: hasPhenomena WarmestMonth [Term] id: Wash name: Wash is_a: PiedmontSlope [Term] id: WashLoad name: WashLoad is_a: Load [Term] id: Washing name: Washing is_a: Force [Term] id: Waste name: Waste is_a: BiologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Wastewater name: Wastewater is_a: Effluent [Term] id: Wasting name: Wasting is_a: SolidPhenomena [Term] id: WaterBodyBoundary name: WaterBodyBoundary is_a: PlanetaryBoundary relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: WaterBodyLayer name: WaterBodyLayer is_a: PlanetaryLayer relationship: hasRealm Ocean [Term] id: WaterColumn name: WaterColumn is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: WaterConcentration name: WaterConcentration is_a: MassConcentration [Term] id: WaterContent name: WaterContent is_a: Thickness relationship: hasChemical LiquidWater [Term] id: WaterFlow name: WaterFlow is_a: Flow [Term] id: WaterHeating name: WaterHeating is_a: EnergyEndUse [Term] id: WaterHeight name: WaterHeight is_a: Thickness relationship: hasSubstance LiquidWater [Term] id: WaterMixture name: WaterMixture is_a: Mixture [Term] id: WaterPollution name: WaterPollution is_a: Pollution relationship: hasImpactOn Hydrosphere [Term] id: WaterQuality name: WaterQuality is_a: WaterPollution [Term] id: WaterQualityIndex name: WaterQualityIndex is_a: EnvironmentalIndex [Term] id: WaterSpout name: WaterSpout comment: 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water. is_a: Tornado [Term] id: WaterSubstance name: WaterSubstance is_a: Substance [Term] id: WaterTable name: WaterTable comment: The water table or phreatic surface is the surface where the water pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. A sustainable amount of water within a unit of sediment or rock, below the water table, in the phreatic zone is called an aquifer. The ability of the aquifer to store groundwater is dependent on the primary and secondary porosity and permeability is_a: HydrosphereFeature [Term] id: WaterVapor name: WaterVapor is_a: WaterSubstance [Term] id: Watershed name: Watershed comment: A watershed refers to a divide that separates one drainage area from another drainage area. However, in the US and Canada, the term is often used to mean a drainage basin or catchment area itself. [Wikipedia] is_a: LandRegion [Term] id: Wave name: Wave is_a: Oscillation [Term] id: WaveAttackZone name: WaveAttackZone is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: WaveCutPlatform name: WaveCutPlatform is_a: CoastalRegion [Term] id: WaveDrag name: WaveDrag is_a: WaveProcess [Term] id: WaveNumber name: WaveNumber is_a: PerMeterQuantity is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: WavePhenomena name: WavePhenomena is_a: Phenomena relationship: hasPhenomena Wave [Term] id: WaveProcess name: WaveProcess is_a: PhysicalProcess [Term] id: WaveProperty name: WaveProperty is_a: PhysicalProperty [Term] id: WaveState name: WaveState is_a: PhysicalState [Term] id: Wavelength name: Wavelength is_a: Distance is_a: WaveProperty [Term] id: WavelengthBand name: WavelengthBand is_a: IntervalQuantity relationship: rangeOf Wavelength [Term] id: WavelengthBand_nm name: WavelengthBand_nm is_a: WavelengthBand [Term] id: Wavelength_cm name: Wavelength_cm is_a: Wavelength [Term] id: Wavelength_nm name: Wavelength_nm is_a: Wavelength [Term] id: Weather name: Weather is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena equivalent_to: WeatherCondition [Term] id: WeatherForecast name: WeatherForecast is_a: Forecast relationship: hasPhenomena Weather [Term] id: Weathering name: Weathering comment: Weathering is the decomposition of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not to be confused with erosion, which involves the movement and disintegration of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, wind and gravity. is_a: MaterialDisplacement disjoint_from: Erosion relationship: hasSubstance Rock [Term] id: WeightOfEvidence name: WeightOfEvidence is_a: Assessment [Term] id: WeightedEdge name: WeightedEdge is_a: Edge is_a: Error20 [Term] id: Weighting name: Weighting is_a: DecisionActivity [Term] id: Well name: Well comment: A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension. is_a: Equipment is_a: Function [Term] id: WellMixedLayer name: WellMixedLayer comment: A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. is_a: AtmosphericBoundaryLayer relationship: hasPhenomena Mixing [Term] id: WestEastTransport name: WestEastTransport comment: The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux. is_a: Transport [Term] id: WesternBoundaryCurrent name: WesternBoundaryCurrent is_a: BoundaryCurrent [Term] id: WesternIntensification name: WesternIntensification is_a: BoundaryCurrent [Term] id: WetBulbPotentialTemperature name: WetBulbPotentialTemperature comment: The temperature an air parcel would have if cooled from its initial state adiabatically to saturation, and thence brought to 1000 mb by a moist-adiabatic process. is_a: PotentialTemperature [Term] id: WetBulbTemperature name: WetBulbTemperature is_a: Temperature [Term] id: WetSeason name: WetSeason is_a: Season [Term] id: WetSummerClimate name: WetSummerClimate is_a: ClimateClassification [Term] id: WetSummerDryWinterClimate name: WetSummerDryWinterClimate is_a: DryWinterClimate is_a: WetSummerClimate [Term] id: Wetland name: Wetland comment: In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. is_a: BodyOfWater [Term] id: Whistler name: Whistler is_a: PlasmaWave is_a: SoundWave [Term] id: WhiteNoise name: WhiteNoise is_a: Noise [Term] id: Whiteout name: Whiteout comment: An atmospheric optical phenomenon in which the observer appears to be engulfed in a uniformly white glow. is_a: Obscuration [Term] id: WilsonCycle name: WilsonCycle comment: The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia] is_a: RockCycle [Term] id: Wind name: Wind is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena relationship: hasCause PressureGradient [Term] id: WindChill name: WindChill equivalent_to: WindChillIndex [Term] id: WindChillIndex name: WindChillIndex comment: A means of quantifying the threat of rapid cooling during breezy or windy conditions that may result in hypothermia in cold conditions. is_a: Temperature relationship: measureOf Wind [Term] id: WindDrivenCirculation name: WindDrivenCirculation is_a: OceanCirculation [Term] id: WindEnergy name: WindEnergy is_a: PowerSource is_a: RenewableEnergySource [Term] id: WindGust name: WindGust is_a: Wind [Term] id: WindShear name: WindShear is_a: FluidProperty [Term] id: WindSpeed name: WindSpeed is_a: Speed relationship: hasPhenomena Wind [Term] id: WindStorm name: WindStorm is_a: Wind [Term] id: Windborne name: Windborne is_a: MeteorologicalPhenomena [Term] id: Window name: Window is_a: Interval [Term] id: WinterDuration name: WinterDuration is_a: Duration [Term] id: Wireless name: Wireless is_a: CommunicationMethod [Term] id: Wood name: Wood is_a: Biomass [Term] id: WoodDebris name: WoodDebris is_a: Wood [Term] id: Work name: Work comment: A form of energy arising from the motion of a system against a force, existing only in the process of energy conversion. is_a: Energy is_a: HumanActivity [Term] id: Workflow name: Workflow is_a: ExperimentActivity [Term] id: Xenocryst name: Xenocryst comment: A xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a silica-deficient lava and diamonds within kimberlite diatremes. [Wikipedia] is_a: Mixture [Term] id: Xenolith name: Xenolith comment: A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia] is_a: Rock [Term] id: Yardang name: Yardang is_a: AeolianLandform [Term] id: YellowSeaWarmCurrent name: YellowSeaWarmCurrent comment: A surface current flowing northward along the central axis of the Yellow Sea. is_a: OceanCurrent [Term] id: YellowWind name: YellowWind comment: A strong, cold, dry, west wind of eastern Asia, especially northern China, that sweeps across the plains in winter carrying a fine yellow dust from the deserts. is_a: DesertWind [Term] id: Yield name: Yield is_a: Product [Term] id: YoungsModulus name: YoungsModulus is_a: MaterialProperty is_a: PhysicalQuantity [Term] id: ZScore name: ZScore is_a: StatisticalScore relationship: hasTest ZTest [Term] id: ZTest name: ZTest is_a: HypothesisTest relationship: hasStatisticalDistribution Normal [Term] id: Zenith name: Zenith is_a: Direction [Term] id: Zephyr name: Zephyr comment: Any soft, gentle breeze. is_a: MesoscaleWind [Term] id: ZombieTurbulence name: ZombieTurbulence comment: The turbulent perturbations of temperature remaining in a stable boundary layer after all turbulent motions have died out. is_a: Perturbation is_a: Turbulence [Term] id: ZonalFlow name: ZonalFlow comment: In meteorology, the flow of air along a latitude circle; more specifically, the latitudinal (east or west) component of existing flow. is_a: GlobalWindCirculation [Term] id: ZonalIndex name: ZonalIndex comment: A measure of strength of the middle-latitude westerlies, usually expressed as the horizontal pressure difference between 35 and 55N latitude, or as the corresponding geostrophic wind. is_a: IndexDefinedByDifference [Term] id: ZonalWind name: ZonalWind is_a: GlobalWindCirculation relationship: hasPhenomena ZonalFlow [Term] id: Zone name: Zone is_a: Region [Term] id: Zoomass name: Zoomass is_a: DryWeight [Term] id: http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/2.3/Arch name: http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/2.3/Arch is_a: CoastalLandform [Term] id: pH name: pH comment: pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+). Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations. The pH scale is not an absolute scale; it is relative to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [Wikipedia] is_a: ChemicalQuantity [Term] id: tScore name: tScore is_a: StatisticalScore relationship: hasTest tTest [Term] id: tTest name: tTest is_a: HypothesisTest [Typedef] id: above name: above is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: across name: across is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: adjacentTo name: adjacentTo is_a: spatialRelation equivalent_to: isAdjacentTo [Typedef] id: after name: after is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: atomicMass name: atomicMass domain: ChemicalSubstance equivalent_to: atomicWeight [Typedef] id: averageOver name: averageOver domain: Average [Typedef] id: before name: before is_a: lessThan [Typedef] id: beginning name: beginning equivalent_to: hasStartTime [Typedef] id: below name: below is_a: spatialRelation inverse_of: above [Typedef] id: causedBy name: causedBy equivalent_to: hasCause [Typedef] id: causes name: causes equivalent_to: hasEffect [Typedef] id: clusterOf name: clusterOf domain: Cluster [Typedef] id: colderThan name: colderThan inverse_of: warmerThan [Typedef] id: componentOf name: componentOf inverse_of: hasComponent [Typedef] id: coordinate_1 name: coordinate_1 domain: CoordinateSystem range: Coordinate [Typedef] id: coordinate_2 name: coordinate_2 domain: CoordinateSystem range: Coordinate [Typedef] id: coordinate_3 name: coordinate_3 domain: CoordinateSystem range: Coordinate [Typedef] id: coordinate_4 name: coordinate_4 domain: CoordinateSystem range: Coordinate [Typedef] id: decline name: decline equivalent_to: decrease [Typedef] id: declining name: declining equivalent_to: decrease [Typedef] id: decrease name: decrease domain: Decrease equivalent_to: decreaseIn equivalent_to: decreasing equivalent_to: drop equivalent_to: dropping equivalent_to: fall equivalent_to: falling equivalent_to: reduce equivalent_to: reducing equivalent_to: reduction [Typedef] id: derivativeWithRespectTo name: derivativeWithRespectTo domain: Derivative [Typedef] id: deviationFrom name: deviationFrom domain: Deviation [Typedef] id: diameter name: diameter is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: dividedBy name: dividedBy range: Quotient inverse_of: productOf [Typedef] id: dueTo name: dueTo equivalent_to: hasCause [Typedef] id: eachElementHasType name: eachElementHasType range: NumericalEntity [Typedef] id: east name: east is_a: spatialRelation inverse_of: west [Typedef] id: end name: end equivalent_to: hasEndTime [Typedef] id: endOf name: endOf is_a: after [Typedef] id: equals name: equals is_symmetric: true is_transitive: true is_a: relation [Typedef] id: exterior name: exterior equivalent_to: outside [Typedef] id: fartherThan name: fartherThan domain: Distance range: Distance is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: fasterThan name: fasterThan domain: Speed range: Speed is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: fillValue name: fillValue range: FillValue [Typedef] id: from name: from domain: State range: State [Typedef] id: fuzzyGreaterThan name: fuzzyGreaterThan is_a: relation [Typedef] id: fuzzyLessThan name: fuzzyLessThan is_a: relation [Typedef] id: genesisOf name: genesisOf domain: Genesis [Typedef] id: greaterRoleThan name: greaterRoleThan domain: Role range: Role is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: greaterThan name: greaterThan is_a: inequality is_a: ordinalRelation [Typedef] id: greaterThanOrEqual name: greaterThanOrEqual is_a: ordinalRelation [Typedef] id: greaterVerticalExtentThan name: greaterVerticalExtentThan is_a: largerThan [Typedef] id: halfLife name: halfLife is_a: hasDuration [Typedef] id: hasArc name: hasArc range: Arc is_a: hasEdge [Typedef] id: hasArea name: hasArea domain: GeometricalObject_2D range: Area [Typedef] id: hasAstronomicalBody name: hasAstronomicalBody range: AstronomicalBody [Typedef] id: hasAttribute name: hasAttribute range: Attribute is_a: hasHumanActivity [Typedef] id: hasAverage name: hasAverage domain: Seq range: Average [Typedef] id: hasAverageAnnualPrecipitation name: hasAverageAnnualPrecipitation range: AverageAnnualPrecipitation [Typedef] id: hasAverageAnnualTemperature name: hasAverageAnnualTemperature range: MeanAnnualTemperature [Typedef] id: hasAverageColdestMonthTemperature name: hasAverageColdestMonthTemperature range: ColdestMonthTemperature [Typedef] id: hasAverageDepth name: hasAverageDepth is_a: hasAverage is_a: hasDepth [Typedef] id: hasAverageDrySeasonPrecipitation name: hasAverageDrySeasonPrecipitation range: AverageDrySeasonPrecipitation [Typedef] id: hasAverageDuration name: hasAverageDuration is_a: hasDuration [Typedef] id: hasAverageITCZDominanceDuration name: hasAverageITCZDominanceDuration range: AverageITCZDominanceDuration [Typedef] id: hasAverageMonthlyPrecipitation name: hasAverageMonthlyPrecipitation range: AverageMonthlyPrecipitation [Typedef] id: hasAverageMonthlyTemperature name: hasAverageMonthlyTemperature range: MeanMonthlyTemperature [Typedef] id: hasAverageSnowCoverDuration name: hasAverageSnowCoverDuration range: AverageSnowCoverDuration [Typedef] id: hasAverageWarmestMonthTemperature name: hasAverageWarmestMonthTemperature range: WarmestMonthTemperature [Typedef] id: hasAverageWinterDuration name: hasAverageWinterDuration range: AverageWinterDuration [Typedef] id: hasAxis name: hasAxis range: Axis [Typedef] id: hasBaseUnit name: hasBaseUnit domain: Unit range: Unit [Typedef] id: hasBasin name: hasBasin range: Basin [Typedef] id: hasBasisFunction name: hasBasisFunction range: BasisFunction [Typedef] id: hasBeginning name: hasBeginning is_a: hasStartTime equivalent_to: hasStartTime [Typedef] id: hasCause name: hasCause equivalent_to: impactedBy [Typedef] id: hasCenter name: hasCenter range: Center is_a: hasLocation [Typedef] id: hasChemical name: hasChemical range: Chemical equivalent_to: hasMaterial equivalent_to: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemicalProcess name: hasChemicalProcess range: ChemicalProcess is_a: hasProcess equivalent_to: hasChemicalReaction [Typedef] id: hasChemicalRole name: hasChemicalRole is_a: hasRole [Typedef] id: hasChemical_1 name: hasChemical_1 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemical_2 name: hasChemical_2 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemical_3 name: hasChemical_3 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemical_4 name: hasChemical_4 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemical_5 name: hasChemical_5 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasChemical_6 name: hasChemical_6 is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasClimateZone name: hasClimateZone equivalent_to: hasClimateZoneType [Typedef] id: hasClimateZoneType name: hasClimateZoneType range: ClimateZoneType [Typedef] id: hasCommon2DBorderWith name: hasCommon2DBorderWith is_a: hasBoundary [Typedef] id: hasComponent name: hasComponent range: Component [Typedef] id: hasConservedQuantity name: hasConservedQuantity range: ConservedQuantity [Typedef] id: hasConstantQuantity name: hasConstantQuantity is_a: hasConstant is_a: hasQuantity [Typedef] id: hasCoordinates name: hasCoordinates range: Coordinates [Typedef] id: hasDataModel name: hasDataModel range: DataModel is_a: representationOf [Typedef] id: hasDataService name: hasDataService range: DataService [Typedef] id: hasDecisionMaker name: hasDecisionMaker range: DecisionMaker is_a: hasHumanActivity [Typedef] id: hasDefaultUnit name: hasDefaultUnit domain: Quantity range: Unit [Typedef] id: hasDepth name: hasDepth range: Depth is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: hasDirection name: hasDirection range: Direction [Typedef] id: hasDrySeason name: hasDrySeason range: Season [Typedef] id: hasDuration name: hasDuration range: Duration [Typedef] id: hasEdge name: hasEdge range: Edge [Typedef] id: hasEffect name: hasEffect equivalent_to: impacts inverse_of: hasCause [Typedef] id: hasEnd name: hasEnd is_a: hasEndTime equivalent_to: hasEndTime [Typedef] id: hasEndTime name: hasEndTime range: EndTime is_a: hasTime [Typedef] id: hasEnergyFlux name: hasEnergyFlux range: EnergyFlux [Typedef] id: hasEnergyProduct name: hasEnergyProduct range: EnergyForm [Typedef] id: hasEnergySource name: hasEnergySource range: EnergySource [Typedef] id: hasField name: hasField range: Field [Typedef] id: hasFirstOperand name: hasFirstOperand is_a: hasOperand [Typedef] id: hasFrequency name: hasFrequency range: Frequency [Typedef] id: hasFunction name: hasFunction range: Function [Typedef] id: hasGenesis name: hasGenesis range: Genesis [Typedef] id: hasGeologicProvince name: hasGeologicProvince range: GeologicProvince [Typedef] id: hasGeometricalObject name: hasGeometricalObject range: GeometricalObject [Typedef] id: hasHeight name: hasHeight range: Height is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: hasImpact name: hasImpact range: Impact [Typedef] id: hasImpactOn name: hasImpactOn domain: Impact [Typedef] id: hasInferenceRule name: hasInferenceRule range: InferenceRule [Typedef] id: hasInput name: hasInput domain: Operation range: NumericalEntity [Typedef] id: hasInterval name: hasInterval domain: IntervalQuantity range: Interval range: Interval [Typedef] id: hasJurisdiction name: hasJurisdiction range: Jurisdiction is_a: hasHumanActivity [Typedef] id: hasLandUse name: hasLandUse range: LandUse [Typedef] id: hasLatitudeBand name: hasLatitudeBand range: LatitudeBand [Typedef] id: hasLatitudeLine name: hasLatitudeLine range: LatitudeLine [Typedef] id: hasLength name: hasLength range: Length [Typedef] id: hasLocation name: hasLocation range: Location [Typedef] id: hasLowerBoundary name: hasLowerBoundary is_a: hasBoundary [Typedef] id: hasLowerQuantity name: hasLowerQuantity domain: Interval range: Quantity [Typedef] id: hasMaximum name: hasMaximum range: Maximum [Typedef] id: hasMaximumDepth name: hasMaximumDepth is_a: hasDepth is_a: hasMaximum [Typedef] id: hasMedium name: hasMedium range: Medium is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasMinimum name: hasMinimum range: Minimum [Typedef] id: hasNHTime name: hasNHTime is_a: hasTime is_a: inNH [Typedef] id: hasNormal name: hasNormal range: Direction [Typedef] id: hasObjective name: hasObjective range: Objective is_a: hasHumanActivity [Typedef] id: hasOperand name: hasOperand domain: NumericalEntity range: NumericalEntity [Typedef] id: hasOrderedPair name: hasOrderedPair range: OrderedPair [Typedef] id: hasOrderedVertexPair name: hasOrderedVertexPair range: OrderedVertexPair is_a: hasOrderedPair [Typedef] id: hasOscillationDirection name: hasOscillationDirection domain: Wave is_a: hasDirection [Typedef] id: hasOscillationField name: hasOscillationField domain: Wave [Typedef] id: hasOuterBoundary name: hasOuterBoundary is_a: hasBoundary [Typedef] id: hasOutput name: hasOutput domain: Operation range: NumericalEntity [Typedef] id: hasPeriod name: hasPeriod range: Period [Typedef] id: hasPhenomena name: hasPhenomena range: Phenomena [Typedef] id: hasPlanetaryStructure name: hasPlanetaryStructure range: PlanetaryStructure [Typedef] id: hasPrefix name: hasPrefix domain: Unit range: Prefix [Typedef] id: hasPrimarySubstance name: hasPrimarySubstance is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasProcess name: hasProcess range: Process [Typedef] id: hasProcessingLevel name: hasProcessingLevel range: ProcessingLevel [Typedef] id: hasProperty name: hasProperty range: Property [Typedef] id: hasQuantity name: hasQuantity range: Quantity [Typedef] id: hasReactionProduct name: hasReactionProduct domain: ChemicalProcess [Typedef] id: hasRealm name: hasRealm range: Realm [Typedef] id: hasReferenceDepth name: hasReferenceDepth is_a: hasDepth [Typedef] id: hasReferenceHeight name: hasReferenceHeight is_a: hasHeight [Typedef] id: hasRepresentation name: hasRepresentation range: Representation equivalent_to: representationOf [Typedef] id: hasRestoringForce name: hasRestoringForce domain: Wave range: Phenomena [Typedef] id: hasRock name: hasRock range: Rock is_a: hasSubstance [Typedef] id: hasRole name: hasRole range: Role [Typedef] id: hasSHTime name: hasSHTime is_a: hasTime is_a: inSH [Typedef] id: hasScale name: hasScale range: Scale [Typedef] id: hasSecondOperand name: hasSecondOperand is_a: hasOperand [Typedef] id: hasSource name: hasSource range: Source [Typedef] id: hasSpatialConfiguration name: hasSpatialConfiguration range: Configuration [Typedef] id: hasSpatialDistribution name: hasSpatialDistribution range: SpatialDistribution [Typedef] id: hasSpatialExtent name: hasSpatialExtent range: SpatialExtent [Typedef] id: hasSpatialScale name: hasSpatialScale range: SpatialScale is_a: hasScale [Typedef] id: hasSpecies name: hasSpecies range: Species [Typedef] id: hasSpectralBand name: hasSpectralBand range: SpectralBand [Typedef] id: hasStart name: hasStart equivalent_to: hasStartTime [Typedef] id: hasStartTime name: hasStartTime range: StartTime is_a: hasTime equivalent_to: start [Typedef] id: hasState name: hasState range: State [Typedef] id: hasStateChange name: hasStateChange is_a: hasProcess [Typedef] id: hasStatisticalDistribution name: hasStatisticalDistribution range: StatisticalDistribution [Typedef] id: hasTemperatureRange name: hasTemperatureRange range: TemperatureRange [Typedef] id: hasTemporalReference name: hasTemporalReference equivalent_to: hasTimeReference [Typedef] id: hasTest name: hasTest range: HypothesisTest [Typedef] id: hasThirdOperand name: hasThirdOperand is_a: hasOperand [Typedef] id: hasThreshold name: hasThreshold range: Threshold [Typedef] id: hasTime name: hasTime range: Time [Typedef] id: hasTimeReference name: hasTimeReference range: TimeReference [Typedef] id: hasTransport name: hasTransport range: Transport [Typedef] id: hasUnit name: hasUnit domain: Quantity range: Unit [Typedef] id: hasUnorderedPair name: hasUnorderedPair range: UnorderedPair [Typedef] id: hasUnorderedVertexPair name: hasUnorderedVertexPair range: UnorderedVertexPair is_a: hasUnorderedPair [Typedef] id: hasUpperBoundary name: hasUpperBoundary is_a: hasBoundary [Typedef] id: hasUpperQuantity name: hasUpperQuantity domain: Interval range: Quantity [Typedef] id: hasVariableMapping name: hasVariableMapping range: VariableMapping [Typedef] id: hasVector name: hasVector domain: VectorQuantity range: Vector [Typedef] id: hasVertex name: hasVertex range: Vertex [Typedef] id: hasVertices name: hasVertices domain: Polygon [Typedef] id: hasVisibility name: hasVisibility range: Visibility [Typedef] id: hasVolume name: hasVolume domain: GeometricalObject_3D range: Volume [Typedef] id: hasWarmestMonthTemperature name: hasWarmestMonthTemperature range: WarmestMonthTemperature [Typedef] id: hasWavelength name: hasWavelength domain: Wave range: Wavelength [Typedef] id: hasWeightedEdge name: hasWeightedEdge range: WeightedEdge [Typedef] id: hasWetSeason name: hasWetSeason range: WetSeason [Typedef] id: inNH name: inNH range: NorthernHemisphere is_a: inside [Typedef] id: inSH name: inSH range: SouthernHemisphere is_a: inside [Typedef] id: increase name: increase domain: Increase equivalent_to: increaseIn equivalent_to: increasing equivalent_to: raise equivalent_to: rise equivalent_to: rising [Typedef] id: inequality name: inequality is_transitive: true is_a: relation [Typedef] id: inside name: inside is_a: greaterThan is_a: spatialRelation equivalent_to: interior [Typedef] id: isomorphic name: isomorphic is_a: relation [Typedef] id: kills name: kills range: Species [Typedef] id: largerScaleThan name: largerScaleThan domain: SpatialScale range: SpatialScale is_a: largerThan [Typedef] id: largerThan name: largerThan domain: Size range: Size is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: lessFrequentThan name: lessFrequentThan inverse_of: moreFrequentThan [Typedef] id: lessThan name: lessThan is_a: inequality is_a: ordinalRelation inverse_of: greaterThanOrEqual [Typedef] id: lessThanOrEqual name: lessThanOrEqual is_a: ordinalRelation inverse_of: greaterThan [Typedef] id: measureOf name: measureOf domain: Property [Typedef] id: measuredBy name: measuredBy inverse_of: measures [Typedef] id: minus name: minus range: Difference inverse_of: plus [Typedef] id: moreActiveThan name: moreActiveThan domain: ActivityLevel range: ActivityLevel is_transitive: true is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: moreExtensiveThan name: moreExtensiveThan domain: Qualifier range: Qualifier is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: moreFrequentThan name: moreFrequentThan domain: Frequency range: Frequency is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: moreVisibleThan name: moreVisibleThan domain: Visibility range: Visibility is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: near name: near is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: nonoverlapping name: nonoverlapping is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: north name: north is_a: spatialRelation inverse_of: south [Typedef] id: olderThan name: olderThan domain: Time range: Time is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: oppositeTo name: oppositeTo domain: Direction range: Direction is_symmetric: true is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: ordinalRelation name: ordinalRelation is_transitive: true is_a: relation [Typedef] id: originatesFrom name: originatesFrom is_a: hasRealm [Typedef] id: orthogonalTo name: orthogonalTo domain: Direction range: Direction is_symmetric: true is_a: spatialRelation equivalent_to: perpendicularTo [Typedef] id: outside name: outside is_a: lessThan is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: overlapping name: overlapping equivalent_to: overlaps [Typedef] id: overlaps name: overlaps is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: partOf name: partOf is_transitive: true [Typedef] id: plus name: plus range: Sum [Typedef] id: produces name: produces range: Product is_a: hasHumanActivity [Typedef] id: productOf name: productOf range: Product equivalent_to: times [Typedef] id: projection name: projection is_a: subsetOf [Typedef] id: radius name: radius is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: rangeOf name: rangeOf range: Quantity [Typedef] id: readinessOf name: readinessOf range: Infrastructure [Typedef] id: reductionIn name: reductionIn range: Property [Typedef] id: semiMajorAxis name: semiMajorAxis is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: semiMinorAxis name: semiMinorAxis is_a: hasLength [Typedef] id: separatedFrom name: separatedFrom is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: setExclusion name: setExclusion is_a: setRelation [Typedef] id: setRelation name: setRelation domain: Set range: Set is_a: relation [Typedef] id: slowerThan name: slowerThan inverse_of: fasterThan [Typedef] id: south name: south is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: spatialRelation name: spatialRelation domain: GeometricalObject range: GeometricalObject is_a: relation [Typedef] id: spatialSubset name: spatialSubset is_a: spatialRelation is_a: subsetOf [Typedef] id: spatialSuperset name: spatialSuperset is_a: spatialRelation is_a: supersetOf [Typedef] id: spawn name: spawn domain: Species [Typedef] id: startOf name: startOf is_a: before [Typedef] id: strongerThan name: strongerThan domain: Impact range: Impact is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: studyOf name: studyOf domain: KnowledgeDomain [Typedef] id: subsetOf name: subsetOf is_a: setRelation [Typedef] id: successIn name: successIn range: Research [Typedef] id: supersetOf name: supersetOf is_a: setRelation inverse_of: subsetOf [Typedef] id: surroundedBy name: surroundedBy is_a: spatialSuperset [Typedef] id: temporalPartOf name: temporalPartOf domain: Time range: Time is_a: subsetOf [Typedef] id: to name: to domain: State range: State [Typedef] id: transportOf name: transportOf range: Quantity [Typedef] id: under name: under is_a: below [Typedef] id: upperPartOf name: upperPartOf is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: used name: used domain: Process range: Artifact [Typedef] id: warmerThan name: warmerThan domain: ThermodynamicState range: ThermodynamicState is_a: greaterThan [Typedef] id: wasControlledBy name: wasControlledBy domain: Process range: Artifact [Typedef] id: wasDerivedFrom name: wasDerivedFrom domain: Artifact range: Artifact [Typedef] id: wasEncodedBy name: wasEncodedBy domain: Artifact range: Artifact [Typedef] id: wasGeneratedBy name: wasGeneratedBy domain: Artifact range: Process [Typedef] id: wasPerformedAt name: wasPerformedAt domain: Process [Typedef] id: wasPerformedBy name: wasPerformedBy domain: Process range: Agent [Typedef] id: wasTriggeredBy name: wasTriggeredBy domain: Process range: Process [Typedef] id: weakerThan name: weakerThan inverse_of: strongerThan [Typedef] id: west name: west is_a: spatialRelation [Typedef] id: withRespectTo name: withRespectTo domain: Integral range: Variable [Typedef] id: youngerThan name: youngerThan inverse_of: olderThan