A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common.
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist
A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water.
x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x
Definition modified from 'surrounded by'.
A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity.
A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities.
This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen.
Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest.
A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p.
A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process.
A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand.
In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel.
A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt.
The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam.
An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg]
'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid.
Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid.
Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts.
The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight.
Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride.
The lower bound of solute concentration required for water to be considered freshwater is variable, but is always less than that of seawater, and often cited as less than 1 gram of solutes per 1 litre of water.
Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired.
Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils.
Sterile water is water which does not contain lliving organisms.
The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms.
A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of.
Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water".
Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket.
Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity.
Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances.
This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand.
An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles.
Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible.
Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules.
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.
A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure.
Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure.
An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body.
A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material.
An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water.
An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water.
Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies.
A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance.
A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition.
Label should be improved to match definition.
A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle.
An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space.
Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'.
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists.
An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space.
If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far.
A material part of an astronomical body.
Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension.
Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts.
This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed.
Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information.
An environmental material which is in a solid state.
This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference.
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference.
An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact.
Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion.
The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations.
An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet.
This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class.
An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere.
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
Organisational class. Not intended for annotation.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system determined by the presence of a plant rhizosphere.
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by a green plant.
An environmental system determined by an animal.
This class (term) is defined by the lack of a quality (i.e. the lack of salinity or increased osmolarity), which is not best-practice ontologically. Use for annotation is generally discouraged and users should use classes which positively describe the material or environment sampled (i.e. stating the qualities the entity has, rather than those it does not).
Sediment which has its porespace filled by water which has very low levels of sodium chloride and/or other salts.
We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by feces.
The label of this EMPO class is ambiguous, but pers. comm. with L Thompson (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-1280) reveals that this is essentially limited to fecal samples.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a bodily secretion of a metazoan.
environment determined by a metazoan secretion
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a substance produced by a plant.
environment determined by a plant substance
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a plant.
environment determined by a biofilm on a plant surface
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a digestive tract.
This EMPO class includes examples of microbial environments determined by the "gut intestine, gizzard, crop, lumen, [and] mucosa".
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a animal.
environment determined by a biofilm on an animal surface
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a fungus.
environment determined by a biofilm on a fungal surface
Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts.
An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts.
The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request.
An environmental system determined by a fungal structure.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sterile water.
This term can be understood as a negative experimental control primarily composed of sterile water. The quantity of sterile water used may be contaminated; to express pure sterile water, please use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005791
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by hypersaline water.
Examples inlcude water from hypersaline samples or brines (>50 psu)
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by the subsurface zone of a planet.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by those parts of a planetary subsurface zone which are not saline.
non-saline planetary subsurface environment
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by non-saline water.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by saline water.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to non-saline materials.
environment determined by a biofilm on a non-saline surface
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol.
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol.
seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu)
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes.
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to saline materials.
environment determined by a biofilm on a saline surface
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant.
environment associated with a plant part or small plant
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead fungus.
environment associated with a fungal tissue
A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition.
Mock communities are typically used as positive controls in experiments.
A cell culture which is composed of a single population of bacterial or archaeal cells.
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here.
A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms.
Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities.
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material.
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid.
A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid.
An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material
This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types.
An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material
A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water.
A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate.
A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay.
A cell culture is a growth of cells in vitro in an artificial medium for experimental research.
An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them.
Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil.
An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity.