ENVO
ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities. It interoperates with other ontologies in the OBO Foundry and Library. Please see www.environmentontology.org for more info.
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/bfo_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 37 Logical Axioms: 10]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/chebi_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 2403 Logical Axioms: 1023]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/foodon_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 61 Logical Axioms: 7]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/go_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 270 Logical Axioms: 76]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/imports/po_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 94 Logical Axioms: 9]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/ncbitaxon_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 520 Logical Axioms: 120]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/pato_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 774 Logical Axioms: 294]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/pco_bfo_bridge.owl>))) [Axioms: 3 Logical Axioms: 1]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/pco_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 3]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/ro_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 1163 Logical Axioms: 291]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/imports/uberon_import.owl>))) [Axioms: 24080 Logical Axioms: 4668]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>))) [Axioms: 67 Logical Axioms: 10]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>))) [Axioms: 119 Logical Axioms: 20]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>))) [Axioms: 45 Logical Axioms: 6]
Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>))) [Axioms: 20 Logical Axioms: 2]
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example of usage
has curation status
definition
editor note
term editor
alternative term
definition source
curator note
imported from
expand expression to
expand assertion to
term replaced by
temporal interpretation
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
is a defining property chain axiom
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL
is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive
If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R.
EnvO-Lite-GSC
plurals
disconnected_from
A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common.
Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
ENVO
disconnected_from
non_overlapping_with
true
true
A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common.
SO:cjm
Disposition slim
environmental_hazards
Pathology slim
Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist
ro-eco
Scalar slim
Value slim
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
part of
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
part_of
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
has part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
has_part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
realized in
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
is realized by
realized in
realized_in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
realizes
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
preceded by
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by
is preceded by
preceded by
preceded_by
x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
precedes
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
occurs in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs in
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
contains process
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
site of
partially_surrounded_by
x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x
Definition modified from 'surrounded by'.
A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water.
results in transformation into
results in expansion of
Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest.
A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p.
results in proliferation of
To be ceded to RO
determined by
determined by part of
inheres in
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
inheres in
inheres_in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
bearer of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
bearer of
bearer_of
is bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
participates in
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates in
participates_in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
has participant
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
has participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has_participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
quality of
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
is quality of
quality_of
this red color is a quality of this apple
role of
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
is role of
role_of
this investigator role is a role of this person
has quality
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_quality
this apple has quality this red color
has role
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
derives from
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives_from
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
derives into
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives_into
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
location of
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
is location of
location_of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
contained in
Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved.
Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):
Intended meaning:
domain: material entity
range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant)
contained in
contained_in
contains
contains
located in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
located in
located_in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
bounding layer of
David Osumi-Sutherland
A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane.
X outer_layer_of Y iff:
. X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar
. X part_of Y
. exists Z :surface
. X has_boundary Z
. Z boundary_of Y
has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002
boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000
coincident with
A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other.
Example: if we define region of chromosome as any subdivision of a chromosome along its long axis, then we can define a region of chromosome that contains only gene x as 'chromosome region' that coincident_with some 'gene x', where the term gene X corresponds to a genomic sequence.
David Osumi-Sutherland
Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label
during which ends
David Osumi-Sutherland
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
encompasses
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
di
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends after
David Osumi-Sutherland
X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)
immediately preceded by
starts_at_end_of
David Osumi-Sutherland
X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
during which starts
David Osumi-Sutherland
Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range.
immediately precedes
X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
ends_at_start_of
meets
David Osumi-Sutherland
starts during
David Osumi-Sutherland
X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
io
happens during
X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
d
during
David Osumi-Sutherland
ends during
David Osumi-Sutherland
o
overlaps
X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y).
overlaps
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y
true
continuous with
X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary.
connected to
The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint)
FMA:85972
David Osumi-Sutherland
The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint)
RO:cjm
partially overlaps
(forall (?x ?y)
(iff
(proper_overlaps ?x ?y)
(and
(overlaps ?x ?y)
(not (part_of ?x ?y))
(not (part_of ?y ?x)))))
proper overlaps
x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x
We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom
spatially disjoint from
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern
Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy
BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y)
A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common
Chris Mungall
There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom.
connected to
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b
a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones).
connects
attached to part of
a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b.
true
drains
Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure.
Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure
develops from
Melissa Haendel
x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y
This is the transitive form of the develops from relation
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
develops into
Chris Mungall
David Osumi-Sutherland
Terry Meehan
regulates (processual)
capable of
For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)".
mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974)
osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption'
Chris Mungall
has function realized in
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only ?Y)
capable of part of
RO_0000053 some (RO_0000054 only (BFO_0000050 some ?Y))
has function in
c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p.
Chris Mungall
true
actively participates in
Chris Mungall
agent in
x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role
has active participant
'heart development' has active participant some Shh protein
has agent
Chris Mungall
This may be obsoleted and replaced by the original 'has agent' relation
x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y
surrounded by
adjacent to
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary
This relation acts as a join point with BSPO
Chris Mungall
temporally related to
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
starts
Chris Mungall
inverse of starts with
Allen
starts with
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
started by
Chris Mungall
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
ends
inverse of ends with
Chris Mungall
ends with
Chris Mungall
finished by
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
has start location
starts with process that occurs in
Chris Mungall
x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y
has end location
Chris Mungall
ends with process that occurs in
x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y
has input
p has direct input c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
Chris Mungall
consumes
has output
Chris Mungall
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
produces
has developmental contribution from
Chris Mungall
Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong]
x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y
developmentally contributes to
Chris Mungall
developmentally preceded by
false
Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p
Chris Mungall
In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one
This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from
developmentally succeeded by
Inverse of developmentally preceded by
Chris Mungall
results in developmental progression of
results_in_developmental_progression_of
Chris Mungall
p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss).
This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint.
results in formation of
results_in_formation_of
an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists.
GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013
Chris Mungall
every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062)
has habitat
inheres in part of
q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w.
Chris Mungall
Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of
true
ecologically related to
Chris Mungall
A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297)
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions
mereotopologically related to
A mereological relationship or a topological relationship
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships
developmentally related to
A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502)
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development
contributes to
We would like to say
if and only if
exists c', p'
c part_of c' and c' capable_of p
and
c capable_of p' and p' part_of p
then
c contributes_to p
However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction.
ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity.
Chris Mungall
Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity.
In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology.
http://www.geneontology.org/GO.annotation.conventions.shtml#contributes_to
eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex
functionally related to
Chris Mungall
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
part of structure that is capable of
false
this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p.
Chris Mungall
true
involved in
actively involved in
c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p
enables part of
Chris Mungall
member of
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of
SIO
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member part of
has member
SIO
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
input of
Chris Mungall
output of
Chris Mungall
formed as result of
Chris Mungall
attached to
a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a
Chris Mungall
in branching relationship with
https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves)
Chris Mungall
tributary of
This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
tributary channel of
Chris Mungall
http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm
drains to
drains into
Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River
inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein
x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary
drains to
inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein
FMA
GAZ
Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River
distributary of
x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary
Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake
branch of
Chris Mungall
distributary channel of
GAZ
Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake
spatially coextensive with
x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location
This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios
A lump of clay and a statue
Chris Mungall
has developmental potential involving
Chris Mungall
x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction).
has potential to developmentally contribute to
Chris Mungall
x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y
has potential to develop into
Chris Mungall
x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y
has potential to directly develop into
Chris Mungall
x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y
causally downstream of
inverse of upstream of
Chris Mungall
causally related to
This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.
To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:
* Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate?
* Is the causal relation regulatory?
* Is the influence positive or negative
The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.
For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.
For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.
Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
causally upstream of
Chris Mungall
p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain
causally upstream of or within
influences (processual)
Chris Mungall
p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q.
We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2
causally downstream of or within
Chris Mungall
involved in or regulates
c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p
involved in or involved in regulation of
Chris Mungall
interacts with
Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with'
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914
https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/wiki/InteractionRelations
Chris Mungall
in pairwise interaction with
This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact.
A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected.
Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules.
biotically interacts with
http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith
interacts with on organism level
An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts.
Chris Mungall
trophically interacts with
An interaction relationship in which the partners are related via a feeding relationship.
Chris Mungall
acquires nutrients from
Chris Mungall
Intended to be used when the target of the relation is not itself consumed, and does not have integral parts consumed, but provided nutrients in some other fashion.
provides nutrients for
Chris Mungall
composed primarily of
'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate'
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
Chris Mungall
has part that occurs in
Chris Mungall
p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c.
true
causal agent in
A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process
causal relation between processes
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
Chris Mungall
p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q.
depends on
Chris Mungall
towards
This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C.
Chris Mungall
q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2
causal relation between material entities
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
Chris Mungall
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
determined by
A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef
Pier Buttigieg
Chris Mungall
The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future
s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s.
Chris Mungall
determined by (system to material entity)
determines
determines (material entity to system)
Chris Mungall
determined by part of
s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w.
Chris Mungall
true
causally influenced by
causally influenced by (material entity to material entity)
Chris Mungall
causally influences
Holds between materal entities a and b if the activity of a is causally upstream of the activity of b, or causally upstream of a an activity that modifies b
Chris Mungall
causally influences (material entity to material entity)
biomechanically related to
Chris Mungall
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes.
A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs.
participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with
Chris Mungall
has part structure that is capable of
Chris Mungall
s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p
gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell'
causal relation between material entity and a process
Chris Mungall
A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
has causal agent
Inverse of 'causal agent in'
related via dependence to
A relationship that holds between two entities, where the relationship holds based on the presence or absence of statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
produces
Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue.
a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix.
Melissa Haendel
produced by
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
Melissa Haendel
has_condition
2013-05-08T07:33:05Z
ENVO
Experimental relation used in EnvO. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional.
has_condition
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
independent continuant
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
process
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
disposition
realizable entity
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
quality
specifically dependent continuant
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
role
A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.
function
material entity
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
anatomical structure
material anatomical entity
C19-steroid
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
NAD
NAD(P)H
volatile organic compound
pyrrolopurine
electron donor
acceptor
water
hydron
dioxygen
ATP
sarcosine
primary alcohol
halide anion
ammonia
hydrogen sulfide
methane
sulfate
urea
hydroxide
ethanol
nitrite
pantothenate
NADPH
naphthalene
carbon dioxide
carbohydrate
peptide
nucleoside 5'-phosphate
chlorophyllide a
NADH
dinitrogen oxide
fluoride
ketone
nucleoside 5'-monophosphate
carbon monoxide
nucleoside triphosphate
testosterone
hydrogencarbonate
nitrate
electron acceptor
hydrogen chloride
donor
ribonucleoside triphosphate
chloride
dinitrogen
lipid
trimethylamine
hydrogen halide
polysaccharide
chlorophyll a
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan
iron atom
dihydrogen
manganese atom
alkane
phosphate(3-)
sulfur dioxide
N-methyl-amino acid
N-methylglycines
acetamides
adenosine phosphate
alkaline earth metal atom
alkali metal atom
alkaloid
alkyl group
alkylamines
anion
arsenate ion
arsenic molecular entity
base
benzenes
benzoates
benzopyrrole
branched-chain amino acid
cadmium atom
calcium atom
calcium molecular entity
carbamate ester
carbon oxide
carbonates
chloride salt
chlorine atom
chlorine molecular entity
chromium molecular entity
molecular entity
copper molecular entity
cyclic peptide
drug
monoatomic anion
monoatomic cation
enzyme inhibitor
ethanols
fluorine atom
glycine derivative
chemical entity
biological role
group
guanidines
halogen molecular entity
halogen
organic heterocyclic compound
heterodetic cyclic peptide
hydrocarbon
hydroxides
hydroxybenzoate
indoles
oxoacid
inorganic anion
inorganic molecular entity
inorganic oxide
inorganic salt
salt
monoatomic ion
ion
iron molecular entity
lead atom
leucine
magnesium atom
magnesium molecular entity
magnesium porphyrin
metabolite
metal cation
metalloporphyrin
methyl ester
methylamines
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
elemental molecule
molecule
monocarboxylic acid
monohydroxybenzoate
monoatomic monocation
monoatomic polycation
mutagen
mycotoxin
naphthalenes
neurotransmitter
NADP
NAD(P)
nicotinamide nucleotide
nitrogen atom
nitrous acid
nonmetal atom
nucleoside phosphate
organic heteromonocyclic compound
organic anion
organic cation
ether
organic ion
organic oxide
organic phosphate
aliphatic alcohol
organophosphorus compound
oxide
oxygen atom
oxygen molecular entity
ozone
aldopentose phosphate
phosphate
phosphoric acid derivative
phosphorus molecular entity
polyester macromolecule
porphyrins
potassium atom
purine nucleoside monophosphate
purine nucleoside triphosphate
purine nucleotide
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
purine ribonucleotide
purines
pyridines
quinate
radical
reactive oxygen species
ribonucleoside monophosphate
ribonucleotide
ribose phosphate
saturated fatty acid
silicon molecular entity
sodium atom
sodium chloride
sodium molecular entity
sodium salt
carbohydrate phosphate
sulfide
sulfur atom
sulfur molecular entity
tetrapyrrole
organic heterotricyclic compound
threonine
toxin
micronutrient
Anatoxin a
transition element atom
monoatomic trication
organic heterobicyclic compound
vanadium molecular entity
very long-chain fatty acid
xylene
zinc atom
zinc molecular entity
boron atom
arsenic atom
silicon atom
carbon atom
detergent
nitrobenzene
acetamide
lead(0)
chromium atom
nickel atom
phosphorus atom
copper atom
beta-D-glucan
fatty acid anion
ammonium
chlorophyll
carbonic acid
carboxylic acid anion
mononucleotide
arsenate(3-)
hydrogen fluoride
deuteron
deuterium atom
azanide
monocarboxylic acid amide
oxonium
methanide
hydrosulfide
gold(0)
copper(0)
isobutyl group
sulfur hexafluoride
antimony atom
caesium atom
silicon dioxide
salicylate
alcohol
octacosanoic acid
octacosanoate
leucinate
leucinium
tertiary amine
amine
amide
calcium carbonate
application
monoatomic entity
coordination entity
oxoacid derivative
inorganic hydride
organic fundamental parent
organic group
hydrocarbyl group
organyl group
atom
monoatomic hydrogen
atomic nucleus
primary amide
elemental molecular entity
elemental hydrogen
elemental oxygen
diatomic oxygen
triatomic oxygen
diatomic nitrogen
elemental nitrogen
polyatomic anion
molecular messenger
antimicrobial agent
nutrient
heteroorganic entity
agrochemical
fertilizer
fuel
alkali metal molecular entity
alkaline earth molecular entity
pnictogen
pnictogen molecular entity
chalcogen
chalcogen molecular entity
carbon group element atom
carboxylic ester
boron group element atom
main group element atom
strontium atom
silicon oxide
zinc group element atom
chromium group element atom
manganese group element atom
iron group element atom
nickel group element atom
copper group element atom
platinum(0)
hydracid
pnictogen oxoacid
elemental carbon
monoatomic monoanion
elemental chlorine
monoatomic chlorine
monoatomic halogen
elemental halogen
phospho sugar
nitrogen oxoacid
nitrogen oxoanion
pnictogen oxoanion
phosphorus oxoanion
elemental pnictogen
sulfur oxoanion
chalcogen oxoanion
transition element molecular entity
actinoid molecular entity
uranium molecular entity
metal atom
sulfur hydride
alpha-amino-acid anion
s-block element atom
p-block element atom
d-block element atom
carboxylic acid
main group molecular entity
boron group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
noble gas molecular entity
lead molecular entity
cyclic compound
homocyclic compound
carbocyclic compound
hydrogen molecular entity
aluminium molecular entity
monoatomic aluminium
elemental aluminium
polycyclic compound
bicyclic compound
ortho-fused compound
aliphatic compound
aromatic compound
arene
organic aromatic compound
monocyclic compound
cyclic hydrocarbon
polycyclic hydrocarbon
heteromonocyclic compound
heteropolycyclic compound
heterobicyclic compound
zinc group molecular entity
s-block molecular entity
p-block molecular entity
d-block molecular entity
f-block molecular entity
helium molecular entity
elemental helium
diatomic helium
hydrides
oxygen hydride
biomacromolecule
polyatomic cation
amino-acid cation
alpha-amino acid
amino acid
alpha-amino-acid cation
chromium group molecular entity
iron group molecular entity
copper group molecular entity
vanadium group molecular entity
nickel group molecular entity
platinum molecular entity
organic hydroxy compound
organic cyclic compound
heteroarene
benzenoid aromatic compound
macromolecule
monocyclic arene
polycyclic arene
transition element coordination entity
reagent
metallotetrapyrrole
macronutrient
halide salt
gold molecular entity
elemental gold
magnesium coordination entity
saxitoxin
nitrogen hydride
azane
aldose phosphate
calcium salt
vanadium(0)
elemental vanadium
surfactant
nitrogen oxide
tracer
label
alkaline earth coordination entity
inhibitor
fossil fuel
ammonium ion
fused compound
carbopolycyclic compound
homopolycyclic compound
ortho-fused polycyclic arene
steroid
17beta-hydroxy steroid
hydroxy steroid
organonitrogen compound
fatty acid
chromium oxoanion
chromium coordination entity
chromate(2-)
transition element oxoanion
oxoanion
ortho-fused bicyclic arene
ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon
ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon
antiinfective agent
alkali metal salt
analgesic
heterocyclic organic fundamental parent
cardiovascular drug
carbon oxoanion
carbon oxoacid
vasodilator agent
ester
nitro compound
C-nitro compound
monocarboxylic acid anion
arsenic oxoanion
phosphate ion
oxo steroid
imidazopyrimidine
pnictogen hydride
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
inorganic chloride
cyclitol carboxylic acid anion
dicarboxylic acid monoester
cyclic tetrapyrrole
subatomic particle
nuclear particle
polyatomic entity
polyatomic ion
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
alkaline earth salt
saturated organic heterocyclic parent
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
polycyclic ether
main-group coordination entity
carbonyl compound
organic oxo compound
organochlorine compound
organohalogen compound
heterotricyclic compound
carbobicyclic compound
monoanion
17-hydroxy steroid
inorganic radical
radical cation
radical ion
inorganic radical ion
inorganic radical cation
elemental fluorine
monoatomic fluorine
chalcogen hydride
neon molecular entity
argon molecular entity
krypton molecular entity
inorganic ion
inorganic cation
cation
nitrogen-15 atom
chalcocarbonic acid
organochalcogen compound
organooxygen compound
nucleotide
pyridine nucleotide
nicotinamide dinucleotide
ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
amino-acid anion
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
adenosine 5'-phosphate
glucan
homopolysaccharide
organic hydride
mononuclear parent hydride
elemental lead
tropane alkaloid
elemental copper
cyclic ether
acid
heteroatomic molecular entity
halide
carboxamide
phosphoric ester
polypyrrole
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxacycle
organic heteropolycyclic compound
polycyclic heteroarene
chlorophyllide
hydrocarbyl anion
magnesium tetrapyrrole
phorbines
2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
azabicycloalkane
methylindole
electron-transport chain inhibitor
respiratory-chain inhibitor
inorganic sodium salt
quinolinemonocarboxylate
anaesthetic
general anaesthetic
inhalation anaesthetic
methylbenzene
alkylbenzene
Bronsted acid
Bronsted base
Lewis acid
Lewis base
chloropicrin
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
cyclic ketone
carbonate
hydrogenphosphate
hydrogensulfate
mineral
sulfide mineral
sulfide salt
carbonate salt
solvent
dioxane
dioxanes
1,4-dioxane
3-oxo steroid
indicator
cyclic polypyrrole
dinucleotide
microcystin
nitric acid
nitrobenzenes
sulfur oxide
antiseptic drug
disinfectant
polar solvent
protic solvent
protophilic solvent
amphiprotic solvent
antagonist
elemental platinum
aluminium(3+)
hydrogen atom
uranium(0)
zinc dichloride
elemental krypton
monoatomic krypton
monoatomic argon
elemental argon
argon(.1+)
monoatomic neon
elemental neon
organic amino compound
sulfur coordination entity
P450 inhibitor
onium compound
onium cation
proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group
androstanoid
probe
monoatomic uranium
elemental uranium
alkyl alcohol
carbon nanotube
nanostructure
nanotube
carbon nanostructure
organic molecular entity
genotoxin
allergen
role
neurotoxin
tertiary amino compound
chemical role
nitrohydrocarbon
nitroarene
nitrogen molecular entity
organic univalent group
organic polycyclic compound
organic tricyclic compound
biochemical role
aetiopathogenetic role
pharmacological role
physiological role
ligand
pharmaceutical
inorganic hydroxy compound
epitope
poly(hydroxyalkanoate)
poly(hydroxybutyrate)
heterocyclic compound
carbon monoxide(1+)
chlorophyll a(1-)
kynurenate
cyclic tetrapyrrole anion
very long-chain fatty acid anion
saturated fatty acid anion
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion
biomarker
straight-chain fatty acid
electrophilic reagent
nucleophilic reagent
chemical substance
monovalent inorganic cation
aluminium ion
NMDA receptor antagonist
excitatory amino acid antagonist
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
brevetoxin A
ciguatoxin
adenyl nucleotide
adenyl ribonucleotide
signalling molecule
reactive nitrogen species
emulsifier
aluminium cation
oxidising agent
carbohydrate derivative
monosaccharide derivative
pentose derivative
branched-chain amino-acid anion
1,1-diol
ketone hydrate
food additive
one-carbon compound
organic acid
trivalent inorganic cation
poison
N-alkylglycine
organic molecule
eukaryotic metabolite
animal metabolite
mammalian metabolite
prokaryotic metabolite
iron sulfides
iron(2+) sulfides
greenhouse gas
envoPolar
propellant
EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor
EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor
EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor
EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor
EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor
pathway inhibitor
fungal metabolite
bacterial metabolite
human metabolite
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor
raising agent
food packaging gas
food propellant
fatty acid anion 28:0
food component
environmental contaminant
refrigerant
carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
trivalent inorganic anion
divalent inorganic anion
monovalent inorganic anion
Nodularin
Brevetoxin B
pheophytin
elemental iron
iron(0)
crustacean metabolite
Daphnia magna metabolite
Daphnia metabolite
chlorophyllide a(2-)
N-acylammonia
proteinogenic amino acid derivative
non-proteinogenic amino acid
amino acid derivative
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pentose phosphate
pyrite
metal allergen
skatole
geographic feature
ENVO
ENVO:00000000
May appear on a map.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature
macroscopic spatial feature
envoPolar
bedding-plane cave
A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result.
ENVO
ENVO:00000001
A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result.
web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html
anthropogenic geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature
resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
ENVO
ENVO:00000002
FTT:78
TGN:50001
man-made feature
manmade feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature
resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
mine tailing
ENVO
ENVO:00000003
FTT:625
FTT:631
Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.
dumping ground
mine dump
tailing
Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings
USGS:SDTS
dumping ground
ADL:FTT
mine dump
ADL:FTT
tailing
administrative region
ENVO
ENVO:00000004
FTT:1242
FTT:1252
FTT:15
FTT:16
FTT:18
FTT:19
FTT:21
FTT:22
FTT:23
FTT:24
FTT:25
FTT:26
FTT:27
FTT:28
FTT:29
FTT:37
SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion
TGN:80001
TGN:81099
TGN:81123
administrative area
administrative division
administrative entity
boundary region
civil area
district
free trade zone
governed place
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_region
leased area (government)
leased zone (government)
neutral zone (political)
prefecture
protectorate
sheikdom
sultanate
trade zone
ADL:FTT
protectorate
ADL:FTT
administrative division
Getty:TGN
administrative division
ADL:FTT
governed place
ADL:FTT
free trade zone
ADL:FTT
prefecture
ADL:FTT
sheikdom
ADL:FTT
leased zone (government)
ADL:FTT
administrative area
Getty:TGN
administrative entity
ADL:FTT
neutral zone (political)
ADL:FTT
leased area (government)
ADL:FTT
boundary region
ADL:FTT
sultanate
ADL:FTT
trade zone
ADL:FTT
civil area
ADL:FTT
district
first-order administrative region
A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.
ENVO
ENVO:00000005
FTT:414
FTT:569
Geonames:A.ADM1
TGN:81100
countries, 1st order division
first level subdivision
first-order administrative division
Getty:TGN
first level subdivision
ADL:FTT
countries, 1st order division
A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
Geonames:feature
first-order administrative division
second-order administrative region
A subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
ENVO
ENVO:00000006
FTT:286
FTT:576
Geonames:A.ADM2
TGN:81300
countries, 2nd order division
second level subdivision
second-order administrative division
Geonames:feature
second-order administrative division
A subdivision of a first-order administrative division.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
ADL:FTT
countries, 2nd order division
Getty:TGN
second level subdivision
third-order administrative region
A subdivision of a second-order administrative division.
ENVO
ENVO:00000007
FTT:204
FTT:205
FTT:578
Geonames:A.ADM3
TGN:82401
barrio
countries, 3rd order division
third level subdivision
third-order administrative division
ADL:FTT
countries, 3rd order division
ADL:FTT
barrio
Getty:TGN
third level subdivision
Geonames:feature
third-order administrative division
A subdivision of a second-order administrative division.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
fourth-order administrative region
A subdivision of a third-order administrative division.
ENVO
ENVO:00000008
FTT:580
FTT:581
Geonames:A.ADM4
TGN:82402
countries, 4th order division
fourth level subdivision
fourth-order administrative division
A subdivision of a third-order administrative division.
Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html
Geonames:feature
fourth-order administrative division
ADL:FTT
countries, 4th order division
Getty:TGN
fourth level subdivision
national geopolitical entity
A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
ENVO
ENVO:00000009
FTT:424
FTT:566
FTT:567
FTT:571
SWEETRealm:Country
SWEETRealm:State
TGN:80006
TGN:81010
TGN:81011
TGN:81102
country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation
independent nation
independent political entity
independent sovereign nation
nation
political entity
state
A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State
Getty:TGN
independent political entity
Getty:TGN
independent nation
ADL:FTT
nation
Getty:TGN
independent sovereign nation
ADL:FTT
country
ADL:FTT
political entity
transport feature
A man-made feature constructed for the purpose of enabling the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.
ENVO
ENVO:00000010
FTT:83
A man-made feature constructed for the purpose of enabling the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.
MA:ma
garden
An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life.
ENVO
ENVO:00000011
FTT:31
FTT:743
Geonames:S.GDN
PARK
TGN:53010
cropland
garden
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden
park
USGS:SDTS
cropland
PARK
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
garden
ADL:FTT
park
An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life.
Geonames:feature
hydrographic feature
A geographical feature associated with water.
ENVO
ENVO:00000012
FTT:131
FTT:280
FTT:711
FTT:761
FTT:824
FTT:825
FTT:826
FTT:827
FTT:828
FTT:829
Geonames:H.OVF
OVERFALLS
eddy
fluvial feature
overfalls
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
eddy
A geographical feature associated with water.
MA:ma
OVERFALLS
USGS:SDTS
ADL:FTT
fluvial feature
ADL:FTT
overfalls
Geonames:feature
overfalls
cave system
A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages.
ENVO
ENVO:00000013
A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages.
web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html
canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation.
ENVO
ENVO:00000014
EcoLexicon:canal
FTT:129
FTT:395
FTT:407
FTT:408
Geonames:H.CNL
SWEETRealm:Canal
TGN:51252
This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation.
MA:ma
ocean
Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions.
ENVO
ENVO:00000015
EcoLexicon:ocean
FTT:1019
FTT:943
Geonames:H.OCN
LTER:695
Ocean
SWEETRealm:Ocean
TGN:21102
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean
ocean
ocean region
sea
envoPolar
Geonames:feature
ocean
NASA:earthrealm
Ocean
ADL:FTT
Continuous saline-water bodies that surround the continents and fill the Earth's great depressions.
USGS:SDTS
sea
ADL:FTT
ocean region
sea
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
ENVO
ENVO:00000016
EcoLexicon:sea
FTT:233
FTT:830
Geonames:H.SEA
Sea
TGN:21103
channel
closed sea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea
marginal sea
open sea
open sound
open water
sea
envoPolar
USGS:SDTS
marginal sea
USGS:SDTS
open sound
Geonames:feature
sea
ADL:FTT
sea
USGS:SDTS
closed sea
USGS:SDTS
open water
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea
USGS:SDTS
open sea
NASA:earthrealm
Sea
saline hydrographic feature
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
ENVO
ENVO:00000017
A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity
dry river
A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water.
ENVO
ENVO:00000018
A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water.
MA:ma
saline lake
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
ENVO
ENVO:00000019
FTT:221
FTT:907
Geonames:H.LKN
Geonames:H.LKSN
TGN:21116
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake
salina
salt lake
soda lake
USGS:SDTS
salina
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
MA:ma
USGS:SDTS
salt lake
lake
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land.
ENVO
ENVO:00000020
EcoLexicon:lake
FTT:221
FTT:704
FTT:909
Geonames:H.LK
Geonames:H.LKS
LTER:278
SPIRE:Lake_or_pond
SWEETRealm:Lake
TGN:21114
TGN:21115
broad
catch basin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake
llyn
loch
lochan
lough
mere
mortlake
open water
pasteuer lake
tarn
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
lochan
USGS:SDTS
mortlake
USGS:SDTS
catch basin
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake
USGS:SDTS
pasteuer lake
USGS:SDTS
open water
ADL:FTT
tarn
freshwater lake
A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts.
ENVO
ENVO:00000021
FreshwaterLake
SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake
envoPolar
FreshwaterLake
NASA:earthrealm
A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater
river
ENVO
ENVO:00000022
EcoLexicon:river
FTT:1179
FTT:251
LTER:474
Natural freshwater surface streams of considerable volume and a permanent or seasonal flow, moving in a definite channel toward a sea, lake, or another river; any large streams, or ones larger than brooks or creeks, such as the trunk stream and larger branches of a drainage system.
SPIRE:River
SWEETRealm:River
TGN:21105
braided river
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River
rio
ADL:FTT
rio
USGS:SDTS
braided river
USGS:SDTS
rio
ADL:FTT
Natural freshwater surface streams of considerable volume and a permanent or seasonal flow, moving in a definite channel toward a sea, lake, or another river; any large streams, or ones larger than brooks or creeks, such as the trunk stream and larger branches of a drainage system.
stream
Creek
ENVO
ENVO:00000023
EcoLexicon:stream
FTT:105
FTT:1221
FTT:1225
FTT:1261
FTT:303
FTT:371
FTT:593
FTT:721
Geonames:H.STM
Geonames:H.STMS
LTER:562
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
SWEETRealm:Stream
Stream
TGN:21106
TGN:21107
TGN:21108
TGN:21109
beck
braided stream
brook
burn (hydrographic)
creek
fork (hydrographic
glacial stream
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream
lode
millstream
rivulet
stream
stream bend
streams
watercourse
Getty:TGN
creek
USGS:SDTS
lode
NASA:earthrealm
Stream
ADL:FTT
brook
USGS:SDTS
rivulet
ADL:FTT
burn (hydrographic)
Getty:TGN
brook
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html
USGS:SDTS
glacial stream
USGS:SDTS
braided stream
ADL:FTT
creek
USGS:SDTS
watercourse
USGS:SDTS
creek
ADL:FTT
stream bend
Geonames:feature
streams
Geonames:feature
stream
Creek
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
watercourse
USGS:SDTS
beck
ADL:FTT
fork (hydrographic
obsolete intermittent stream
A stream whose flow is not continuous.
ENVO
ENVO:00000024
FTT:105
FTT:882
Geonames:H.STMI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_stream
intermittent stream
stream
true
A stream whose flow is not continuous.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
stream
Geonames:feature
intermittent stream
reservoir
An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.
ENVO
ENVO:00000025
EcoLexicon:reservoir
FTT:587
FTT:588
FTT:882
Geonames:H.RSV
SWEETRealm:Reservoir
TGN:51259
covered reservoir
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir
lake
reservoir
An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
covered reservoir
USGS:SDTS
lake
Geonames:feature
reservoir
well
A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.
ENVO
ENVO:00000026
EcoLexicon:well
FTT:1032
FTT:1237
FTT:833
Geonames:H.WLL
Geonames:H.WLLS
SWEETRealm:Well
TGN:51255
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well
A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.
Geonames:feature
spring
A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.
ENVO
ENVO:00000027
EcoLexicon:spring
FTT:982
Geonames:H.SPNG
SPRING
SWEETRealm:Spring
Spring
TGN:21126
seep
spring
NASA:earthrealm
Spring
USGS:SDTS
seep
SPRING
USGS:SDTS
A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification
Geonames:feature
spring
sand pit quarry
A quarry from which sand is extracted.
ENVO
ENVO:00000028
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit
sand pit
A quarry from which sand is extracted.
MA:ma
watercourse
A flowing body of water.
ENVO
ENVO:00000029
EcoLexicon:brook
EcoLexicon:course
EcoLexicon:culvert
EcoLexicon:gully
EcoLexicon:ravine
EcoLexicon:spillway
EcoLexicon:waterway
FTT:105
Geonames:H.NRWS
Geonames:H.RCH
Geonames:H.WTRC
Geonames:S.SPLY
TGN:21110
TGN:21131
TGN:21133
TGN:21137
TGN:21163
TGN:21499
awawa
barranca
beck
branch
brook
course
culvert
draw
dredged channel
fork
gulch
gully
gut
gutter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse
kill
lode
moat
narrows
narrows
narrows (hydrographic)
overflow channel
passage
pup
race
ravine
reach
rill
rivulet
run
runnel
seachannel
seaway
spillway
stream
tideway
wash
water gap
USGS:SDTS
reach
USGS:SDTS
overflow channel
USGS:SDTS
culvert
USGS:SDTS
draw
USGS:SDTS
seachannel
Geonames:feature
narrows
USGS:SDTS
fork
USGS:SDTS
runnel
Getty:TGN
narrows
Geonames:feature
spillway
ADL:FTT
stream
USGS:SDTS
moat
USGS:SDTS
awawa
USGS:SDTS
course
USGS:SDTS
lode
Geonames:feature
reach
USGS:SDTS
gut
USGS:SDTS
tideway
Getty:TGN
passage
A flowing body of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse
Getty:TGN
run
USGS:SDTS
rill
USGS:SDTS
narrows
USGS:SDTS
brook
USGS:SDTS
dredged channel
USGS:SDTS
run
USGS:SDTS
wash
USGS:SDTS
barranca
USGS:SDTS
water gap
USGS:SDTS
kill
USGS:SDTS
rivulet
USGS:SDTS
branch
Getty:TGN
gut
Getty:TGN
reach
USGS:SDTS
gulch
USGS:SDTS
race
ADL:FTT
narrows (hydrographic)
USGS:SDTS
ravine
USGS:SDTS
gully
USGS:SDTS
gutter
USGS:SDTS
seaway
USGS:SDTS
passage
USGS:SDTS
pup
USGS:SDTS
spillway
USGS:SDTS
beck
dead cave
A cave without streams or drips of water.
ENVO
ENVO:00000030
dry cave
A cave without streams or drips of water.
web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html
wadi
A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse.
ENVO
ENVO:00000031
EcoLexicon:wadi
FTT:157
FTT:158
FTT:159
FTT:160
FTT:161
FTT:163
FTT:164
Geonames:H.WAD
Geonames:H.WADB
Geonames:H.WADJ
Geonames:H.WADS
SWEETRealm:Arroyo
SWEETRealm:Wash
TGN:21167
TGN:21423
TGN:21424
The temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys.
arroyo
coulee
gully
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi
nullah
wadi
wadi bend
wadi junction
wadi mouth
wadis
wash
watercourse
Geonames:feature
wadi
Geonames:feature
wadi bend
ADL:FTT
arroyo
ADL:FTT
coulee
Geonames:feature
wadis
ADL:FTT
wadi junction
ADL:FTT
gully
ADL:FTT
wadi mouth
ADL:FTT
wadi bend
USGS:SDTS
nullah
Getty:TGN
coulee
USGS:SDTS
watercourse
ADL:FTT
wash
A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse.
Geonames:feature
bay
An area of water bordered by land on three sides.
ENVO
ENVO:00000032
EcoLexicon:bay
FTT:190
FTT:232
FTT:235
Geonames:H.BAY
Geonames:H.BAYS
Geonames:H.BGHT
SWEETRealm:Bay
TGN:21121
TGN:21123
TGN:21127
bahia
embayment
firth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay
inlet
sea loch
sea lough
An area of water bordered by land on three sides.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay
USGS:SDTS
inlet
ADL:FTT
bahia
pond
A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake.
ENVO
ENVO:00000033
EcoLexicon:pond
FTT:221
FTT:902
FTT:904
FTT:905
Geonames:H.PND
Geonames:H.PNDS
Geonames:H.POOL
POOL
Pond
SPIRE:Lake_or_pond
SWEETRealm:Pond
TGN:21104
TGN:21119
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond
lake
millpond
pond
ponds
pool
pool (water body)
pool (water body)
USGS:SDTS
lake
Geonames:feature
ponds
Geonames:feature
pond
USGS:SDTS
pool
ADL:FTT
lake
Getty:TGN
POOL
ADL:FTT
pool (water body)
NASA:earthrealm
Pond
USGS:SDTS
pool (water body)
USGS:SDTS
millpond
ADL:FTT
pond
A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
millpond
Geonames:feature
pool
rapids
An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops.
ENVO
ENVO:00000034
EcoLexicon:rapids
FTT:212
Geonames:H.RPDS
RAPIDS
SWEETRealm:Torrent
TGN:21162
cataract
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapids
rapids
torrent
USGS:SDTS
torrent
ADL:FTT
rapids
An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops.
USGS:SDTS
RAPIDS
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
rapids
USGS:SDTS
cataract
marsh
A wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water.
ENVO
ENVO:00000035
EcoLexicon:marsh
FTT:1118
FTT:185
FTT:945
Geonames:H.MRSH
LTER:326
Marsh
SPIRE:Marsh
SWEETRealm:Marsh
TGN:21322
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh
marsh
quagmire
wetland
A wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh
Geonames:feature
marsh
USGS:SDTS
quagmire
Marsh
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
wetland
ADL:FTT
quagmire
USGS:SDTS
wetland
irrigation canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation.
ENVO
ENVO:00000036
FTT:129
FTT:405
Geonames:H.CNLI
canal
irrigation canal
ADL:FTT
irrigation canal
Geonames:feature
irrigation canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation.
MA:ma
Geonames:feature
canal
ditch
A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.
ENVO
ENVO:00000037
EcoLexicon:drain
FTT:129
FTT:400
FTT:403
Geomames:DTCH
SWEETRealm:Drain
TGN:51256
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch
A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.
Geonames:feature
lagoon
A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.
ENVO
ENVO:00000038
EcoLexicon:lagoon
FTT:221
FTT:898
FTT:899
Geonames:H.LGN
Geonames:H.LGNS
LAGOON
Lagoon
SWEETRealm:Lagoon
TGN:21125
barrier lagoon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon
lagoon
lagoons
laguna
lake
LAGOON
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
lagoon
Geonames:feature
lagoons
ADL:FTT
lake
USGS:SDTS
barrier lagoon
Lagoon
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
laguna
A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll.
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
laguna
fjord
A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation.
ENVO
ENVO:00000039
EcoLexicon:fiord
FTT:231
FTT:690
FTT:704
Geonames:H.FJD
Geonames:H.FJDS
SWEETRealm:Fiord
SWEETRealm:Fjord
TGN:21122
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord
envoPolar
A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord
waterfall
A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river.
ENVO
ENVO:00000040
EcoLexicon:force
EcoLexicon:waterfall
FTT:435
FTT:436
FTT:439
FTT:680
Geonames:H.FLLS
TGN:21161
TGN:21166
WATERFALL
cascade
cataract
fall
falls
force
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall
linn
waterfalls
Should this be a hydroform?
Geonames:feature
waterfalls
USGS:SDTS
cascade
ADL:FTT
fall
Getty:TGN
cataract
ADL:FTT
cascade
USGS:SDTS
falls
A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river.
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
WATERFALL
ADL:FTT
cataract
tidal creek
A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide.
ENVO
ENVO:00000041
FTT:105
FTT:1223
Geonames:H.CRKT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek
stream
tidal creek
A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek
Geonames:feature
tidal creek
ADL:FTT
stream
drainage canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage.
ENVO
ENVO:00000042
FTT:129
FTT:401
Geonames:H.CNLD
canal
drainage canal
Geonames:feature
drainage canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
drainage canal
ADL:FTT
canal
wetland
An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
ENVO
ENVO:00000043
EcoLexicon:wetland
EstuarineWetland
FTT:1001
FTT:1060
FTT:1061
FTT:1118
FTT:1180
FTT:1190
FTT:1206
FTT:1207
FTT:1226
FTT:184
FTT:185
FTT:228
FTT:281
FTT:480
FTT:716
FTT:883
FTT:934
FTT:945
FTT:983
Geonames:H.WTLD
LTER:630
LacustrineWetland
MarineWetland
PalustrineWetland
RiparianWetland
SPIRE:Bog
SWEETRealm:Wetland
TGN:21301
TGN:21304
TGN:21305
TerrestialWetland
WETLAND
Wetland
WetlandRegion
back marsh
backswamp
backwater
barrier flat
blanket bog
bog
cienaga
dismal
everglade
floating marsh
forested wetland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland
marsh
mire
moor
morass
mud flat
muskeg
peat cutting area
peatland
quagmire
quaking bog
riparian area
slash
slough
slue
swamp forest
tulelands
wetland
USGS:SDTS
moor
ADL:FTT
bog
NASA:earthrealm
TerrestialWetland
Getty:TGN
bog
ADL:FTT
mire
USGS:SDTS
quaking bog
USGS:SDTS
WETLAND
ADL:FTT
mud flat
USGS:SDTS
swamp forest
NASA:earthrealm
WetlandRegion
ADL:FTT
backwater
MarineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
USGS:SDTS
muskeg
ADL:FTT
peatland
ADL:FTT
slue
USGS:SDTS
blanket bog
Getty:TGN
slough
LacustrineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
slough
USGS:SDTS
back marsh
USGS:SDTS
dismal
USGS:SDTS
backswamp
ADL:FTT
marsh
USGS:SDTS
slough
USGS:SDTS
mire
USGS:SDTS
barrier flat
ADL:FTT
forested wetland
USGS:SDTS
tulelands
USGS:SDTS
floating marsh
ADL:FTT
quagmire
USGS:SDTS
quagmire
NASA:earthrealm
RiparianWetland
NASA:earthrealm
PalustrineWetland
An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland
NASA:earthrealm
Wetland
ADL:FTT
peat cutting area
USGS:SDTS
everglade
USGS:SDTS
morass
ADL:FTT
cienaga
EstuarineWetland
NASA:earthrealm
Geonames:feature
wetland
ADL:FTT
riparian area
USGS:SDTS
slash
peatland
A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material.
ENVO
ENVO:00000044
EcoLexicon:peat_bog
FTT:1061
FTT:185
FTT:281
FTT:983
Geonames:H.BOG
LTER:402
LTER:70
Peatland
SPIRE:Bog
SWEETRealm:Peatland
TGN:21304
bog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland
mire
morass
muskeg
peat bog
wetland
envoPolar
USGS:SDTS
muskeg
USGS:SDTS
peat bog
ADL:FTT
bog
USGS:SDTS
morass
A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog
Geonames:feature
bog
USGS:SDTS
wetland
NASA:earthrealm
Peatland
USGS:SDTS
bog
ADL:FTT
wetland
estuary
A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
ENVO
ENVO:00000045
EcoLexicon:estuary
Estuary
FTT:234
Geonames:H.ESTY
LTER:182
SWEETRealm:Estuary
TGN:21152
estuary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary
inlet
mouth
USGS:SDTS
mouth
A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary
USGS:SDTS
inlet
Geonames:feature
estuary
Estuary
NASA:earthrealm
hedge
A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.
ENVO
ENVO:00000046
HEDGE
hedgerow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge
shelter belt
USGS:SDTS
shelter belt
A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary.
USGS:SDTS
HEDGE
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
hedgerow
canopy
ENVO
ENVO:00000047
EcoLexicon:canopy
LTER:82
SWEETRealm:Canopy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy
navigation canal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation.
ENVO
ENVO:00000048
EcoLexicon:navigation_channel
FTT:409
FTT:467
Geonames:H.CHNN
Geonames:H.CNLN
TGN:51257
navigation canal
navigation canal
navigation channel
navigation channel
ship cannal
Geonames:feature
navigation channel
ADL:FTT
navigation channel
USGS:SDTS
ship cannal
Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
navigation canal
Geonames:feature
navigation canal
obsolete volcanic hydrographic feature
ENVO
ENVO:00000049
ENVO:00000052
ENVO:00000215
ENVO:00000407
ENVO:01000265
true
geyser
A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air.
ENVO
ENVO:00000050
EcoLexicon:geyser
FTT:755
GEYSER
Geonames:H.GYSR
TGN:21171
geyser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser
thermal feature
ADL:FTT
thermal feature
A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser
GEYSER
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
geyser
hot spring
A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.
ENVO
ENVO:00000051
EcoLexicon:thermal_spring
FTT:732
FTT:815
Geonames:H.SPNT
hot spring
hotspring
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring
spring
thermal feature
thermal spring
ADL:FTT
thermal feature
A spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally-heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring
USGS:SDTS
spring
Geonames:feature
hot spring
crater lake
A lake contained within a volcanic crater.
ENVO
ENVO:00000052
FTT:384
FTT:590
Geonames:H.LKC
Geonames:H.LKSC
TGN:21138
caldera lake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake
A lake contained within a volcanic crater.
MA:ma
freshwater marsh
A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts.
ENVO
ENVO:00000053
A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts.
MA:ma
saline marsh
A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts.
ENVO
ENVO:00000054
EcoLexicon:salt_marsh
FTT:1190
FTT:185
Geonames:H.MRSHN
LTER:482
TGN:21323
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marsh
salt marsh
salt marsh
salting
tidal marsh
wetland
It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt.
Geonames:feature
salt marsh
USGS:SDTS
salting
A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts.
MA:ma
USGS:SDTS
salt marsh
USGS:SDTS
tidal marsh
ADL:FTT
wetland
saline evaporation pond
A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.
ENVO
ENVO:00000055
FTT:221
FTT:906
FTT:908
Geonames:H.MFGN
Geonames:H.PNDN
Geonames:H.PNDSN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond
lake
salt evaporation pond
salt pond
salt ponds
saltern
Geonames:feature
salt ponds
A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_ponds
ADL:FTT
salt pond
ADL:FTT
lake
ADL:FTT
salt evaporation pond
Geonames:feature
salt evaporation pond
Geonames:feature
salt pond
fishpond
A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish.
ENVO
ENVO:00000056
FTT:221
FTT:696
FTT:701
Geonames:H.PNDSF
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishpond
A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish.
MA:ma
mangrove swamp
An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
ENVO
ENVO:00000057
EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp
FTT:185
FTT:934
Geonames:H.MGV
MangroveForest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swamp
mangal
mangrove swamp
wetland
woodland
ADL:FTT
wetland
An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
MA:ma
USGS:SDTS
wetland
USGS:SDTS
woodland
MangroveForest
NASA:earthrealm
Geonames:feature
mangrove swamp
underground lake
A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs.
ENVO
ENVO:00000058
FTT:445
FTT:449
Geonames:H.LKSB
TGN:21188
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake
underground lake
envoPolar
Geonames:feature
underground lake
A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes
underground river
A river that is under the surface of the Earth.
ENVO
ENVO:00000059
TGN:21187
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_river
A river that is under the surface of the Earth.
MA:ma
underground stream
A stream that is under the surface of the Earth.
ENVO
ENVO:00000060
A stream that is under the surface of the Earth.
MA:ma
underground water body
A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth.
ENVO
ENVO:00000061
This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance.
A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth.
MA:ma
populated place
ENVO
ENVO:00000062
FTT:1097
FTT:33
Geonames:P.PPL
Geonames:P.PPLS
Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.
TGN:22201
TGN:83002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_place
inhabited place
inhabited region
place
populated locality
populated place
populated places
settlement
Geonames:feature
populated places
USGS:SDTS
place
Getty:TGN
inhabited place
Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population.
USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html
Geonames:feature
populated place
USGS:SDTS
settlement
water body
An accumulation of water of varying size.
ENVO
ENVO:00000063
EcoLexicon:waterbody
FTT:131
FTT:280
FTT:827
SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater
TGN:21100
TGN:21101
aquatic feature
bodies of water
body of water
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body
hydrographic feature
waterbody
An accumulation of water of varying size.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water
Getty:TGN
body of water
Getty:TGN
bodies of water
ADL:FTT
hydrographic feature
ADL:FTT
body of water
road
An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.
ENVO
ENVO:00000064
EcoLexicon:road
FTT:1058
FTT:1183
FTT:1185
FTT:1187
FTT:431
FTT:443
FTT:646
FTT:798
FTT:884
Geonames:R
Geonames:R.RD
Geonames:R.ST
LTER:475
ROAD
SWEETRealm:Highway
TGN:53151
TGN:53153
TGN:53154
TGN:53157
accessway
alley
avenue
board walk
boulevard
caravan route
cart track
causeway
drive
drove
farm lane
freeway
highway
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road
intersection
lane
parkway
road
road bend
road junction
roadway
street
thorofare
thoroughfare
thruway
traffic circle
turnpike
ADL:FTT
causeway
USGS:SDTS
accessway
ADL:FTT
drove
USGS:SDTS
farm lane
ADL:FTT
road bend
ADL:FTT
road junction
Getty:TGN
highway
USGS:SDTS
thoroughfare
Getty:TGN
parkway
Getty:TGN
street
ADL:FTT
intersection
ADL:FTT
caravan route
USGS:SDTS
boulevard
USGS:SDTS
cart track
USGS:SDTS
alley
USGS:SDTS
turnpike
ADL:FTT
roadway
USGS:SDTS
avenue
ADL:FTT
street
USGS:SDTS
street
Geonames:feature
road
USGS:SDTS
board walk
USGS:SDTS
thruway
USGS:SDTS
thorofare
USGS:SDTS
highway
ROAD
USGS:SDTS
An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.
USGS:SDTS
ADL:FTT
drive
ADL:FTT
highway
ADL:FTT
traffic circle
ADL:FTT
parkway
USGS:SDTS
freeway
Geonames:feature
street
railway
A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars.
ENVO
ENVO:00000065
FTT:1132
FTT:960
Geonames:R
Geonames:R.RR
RAILWAY
TGN:53155
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway
railroad
railroad feature
Geonames:feature
railroad
ADL:FTT
railroad feature
RAILWAY
USGS:SDTS
Getty:TGN
railroad
A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars.
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
railroad
man-made tunnel
A tunnel constructed by human means.
ENVO
ENVO:00000066
FTT:1136
FTT:1184
FTT:396
FTT:397
Geonames:R.TNL
Geonames:R.TNLRD
Geonames:R.TNLRR
Geonames:R.TNLS
TGN:51845
canal tunnel
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel
railroad tunnel
road tunnel
tunnel
tunnels
underpass
A tunnel constructed by human means.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
railroad tunnel
Geonames:feature
tunnels
Geonames:feature
tunnel
ADL:FTT
tunnel
ADL:FTT
canal tunnel
USGS:SDTS
underpass
Geonames:feature
railroad tunnel
Geonames:feature
road tunnel
ADL:FTT
road tunnel
cave
ENVO
ENVO:00000067
FTT:1071
FTT:443
FTT:445
FTT:446
FTT:447
Geonames:S.CAVE
Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber.
SWEETRealm:Cave
TGN:21485
TGN:21486
cavern
grotto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave
notch
ADL:FTT
cavern
Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber.
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
grotto
USGS:SDTS
cavern
USGS:SDTS
notch
tunnel
An underground or underwater passage.
ENVO
ENVO:00000068
FTT:445
FTT:448
Geonames:R.TNLN
SWEETRealm:Tunnel
TGN:21447
TUNNEL
cave
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel
natural tunnel
Geonames:feature
natural tunnel
TUNNEL
USGS:SDTS
ADL:FTT
cave
Getty:TGN
natural tunnel
An underground or underwater passage.
USGS:SDTS
distributary
A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas.
ENVO
ENVO:00000069
FTT:636
Geonames:H.STMD
distributary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary
stream
stream distributary
watercourse
ADL:FTT
stream
A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary
ADL:FTT
distributary
Getty:TGN
stream distributary
Geonames:feature
distributary
USGS:SDTS
watercourse
constructed feature
A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
ENVO
ENVO:00000070
"constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inferece
A feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
MA:ma
fault cave
A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it.
ENVO
ENVO:00000071
A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it.
web:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html
aquaduct
ENVO
ENVO:00000072
FTT:128
Geonames:H.CNLA
SWEETRealm:Aqueduct
Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.
TGN:51258
WATERCOURSE BRIDGE
aqueduct
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaduct
ADL:FTT
Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity.
USGS:SDTS
aqueduct
Getty:TGN
aqueduct
Geonames:feature
aqueduct
USGS:SDTS
WATERCOURSE BRIDGE
building
A permanent walled and roofed construction.
BUILDING
ENVO
ENVO:00000073
FTT:42
Geonames:S.BLDG
LTER:76
TGN:51011
building
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building
Geonames:feature
building
BUILDING
USGS:SDTS
A permanent walled and roofed construction.
USGS:SDTS
dam
A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water.
DAM
Dam
ENVO
ENVO:00000074
EcoLexicon:dam
FTT:599
FTT:600
Geonames:S.DAM
SWEETRealm:Dam
TGN:51253
barrage
dam
dam site
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam
DAM
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
dam
USGS:SDTS
barrage
ADL:FTT
dam site
Dam
NASA:earthrealm
A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water.
USGS:SDTS
bridge
A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline.
BRIDGE
ENVO
ENVO:00000075
EcoLexicon:bridge
FTT:297
Geonames:S.BDG
TGN:51841
bridge
covered bridge
footbridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge
overpass
USGS:SDTS
overpass
BRIDGE
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
footbridge
Geonames:feature
bridge
A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline.
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
covered bridge
mine
An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials.
ENVO
ENVO:00000076
EcoLexicon:mine
FTT:14
FTT:968
Geonames:L.MNA
Geonames:S.MN
TGN:54211
TGN:54212
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine
An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials.
USGS:SDTS
agricultural feature
AgriculturalLands
As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process.
ENVO
ENVO:00000077
FTT:1246
FTT:1247
FTT:44
FTT:45
FTT:46
FTT:48
FTT:50
FTT:51
FTT:52
FTT:57
FTT:60
FTT:62
FTT:63
FTT:64
FTT:72
FTT:74
Geonames:L.AGRC
Geonames:L.RESA
Geonames:S.NSY
TGN:55001
agricultural colony
agricultural facility
agricultural land
agricultural reserve
agricultural site
bailing station
barn
cattle dipping tank
corral
dairy
feedlot
grange
grazing allotment
irrigated field
nursery
pastoral site
sheepfold
stockyard
AgriculturalLands
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
irrigated field
ADL:FTT
pastoral site
ADL:FTT
corral
Geonames:feature
agricultural reserve
ADL:FTT
agricultural site
ADL:FTT
barn
ADL:FTT
bailing station
Geonames:feature
agricultural colony
ADL:FTT
agricultural facility
ADL:FTT
nursery
ADL:FTT
cattle dipping tank
ADL:FTT
grazing allotment
ADL:FTT
dairy
ADL:FTT
sheepfold
Geonames:feature
nursery
ADL:FTT
grange
Getty:TGN
agricultural land
ADL:FTT
feedlot
ADL:FTT
stockyard
ADL:FTT
agricultural reserve
farm
A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production.
ENVO
ENVO:00000078
FARM
FTT:45
FTT:58
FTT:59
FTT:69
Geonames:S.FRM
Geonames:S.FRMS
Geonames:S.RNCH
TGN:54011
agricultural site
farm
farms
farmstead
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm
nursery
ranch
USGS:SDTS
nursery
Getty:TGN
ranch
ADL:FTT
farmstead
A tract of crop or grazing land, as well as the group of buildings with and often surrounding a farmhouse, including barns, sheds, and other outbuildings, used for agricultural production.
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
ranch
USGS:SDTS
ranch
ADL:FTT
agricultural site
FARM
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
farms
Geonames:feature
farm
flume
An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land.
ENVO
ENVO:00000079
EcoLexicon:flume
FTT:129
FTT:404
canal
flume (manmade)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume
watercourse
USGS:SDTS
watercourse
ADL:FTT
canal
An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume
ADL:FTT
flume (manmade)
mountain range
A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges.
ENVO
ENVO:00000080
EcoLexicon:mountain_range
FTT:548
FTT:995
FTT:997
Geonamaes:MTS
MOUNT RANGE
SWEETRealm:MountainRange
TGN:21431
TGN:21432
cordillera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range
mountain chain
mountain group
mountain range
mountain system
sierra
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
cordillera
Geonames:feature
mountain range
MOUNT RANGE
USGS:SDTS
Getty:TGN
mountain system
A series of connected and aligned mountains or mountain ridges.
USGS:SDTS
ADL:FTT
sierra
mountain
A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m.
ENVO
ENVO:00000081
EcoLexicon:mountain
FTT:1000
FTT:118
FTT:460
FTT:548
FTT:713
FTT:896
FTT:993
Geonames:T.MT
Geonames:T.MTS
Mountain
SWEETRealm:Mountain
TGN:21430
TGN:21434
cerro
cordillera
foothill
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain
knoll
mound
mount
mountain
mountains
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
foothill
A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit and a local relief of more than 300m.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom
USGS:SDTS
mound
USGS:SDTS
foothill
ADL:FTT
cordillera
Mountain
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
knoll
Geonames:feature
mountain
USGS:SDTS
knoll
ADL:FTT
cerro
USGS:SDTS
mount
Geonames:feature
mountains
hill range
A group of hills bordered by lowlands.
ENVO
ENVO:00000082
A group of hills bordered by lowlands.
MA:ma
hill
A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.
ENVO
ENVO:00000083
EcoLexicon:hill
FTT:118
FTT:468
FTT:713
FTT:799
FTT:896
Geonames:T.HLL
Geonames:T.HLLS
SWEETRealm:Hill
TGN:21437
TGN:21438
cerro
foothill
hill
hillock
hills
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill
knoll
mount
mountain
USGS:SDTS
hillock
USGS:SDTS
mount
ADL:FTT
foothill
A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m.
Geonames:feature
USGS:SDTS
foothill
Geonames:feature
hill
Geonames:feature
hills
USGS:SDTS
knoll
ADL:FTT
mountain
mountain pass
A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains.
ENVO
ENVO:00000084
EcoLexicon:mountain_pass
FTT:510
FTT:612
FTT:738
FTT:739
FTT:740
Geonames:T.GAP
Geonames:T.PASS
Geonames:T.SDL
SWEETRealm:Pass
TGN:21433
TGN:21436
TGN:21524
col
defile
gap
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass
notch
pass
pass
saddle
saddle (physiographic)
sill (physiographic)
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
col
USGS:SDTS
saddle
USGS:SDTS
notch
USGS:SDTS
col
USGS:SDTS
gap
ADL:FTT
pass
ADL:FTT
defile
USGS:SDTS
defile
Geonames:feature
saddle
Geonames:feature
pass
ADL:FTT
saddle (physiographic)
ADL:FTT
sill (physiographic)
Getty:TGN
saddle
A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass
Getty:TGN
gap
alpine glacier
A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley.
ENVO
ENVO:00000085
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088
We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class
envoPolar
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655
A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html
plain
A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.
ENVO
ENVO:00000086
EcoLexicon:plain
FTT:707
FTT:874
FTT:926
Geonames:T.PLN
PLAIN
Plain
SWEETRealm:Plain
TGN:21461
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain
interfluve
llanos
outwash plain
plain
ADL:FTT
interfluve
NASA:earthrealm
Plain
PLAIN
USGS:SDTS
ADL:FTT
llanos
A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
plain
USGS:SDTS
outwash plain
cliff
A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock.
CLIFF
ENVO
ENVO:00000087
EcoLexicon:cliff
FTT:268
FTT:269
FTT:491
FTT:492
Geonames:T.CLF
SWEETRealm:Cliff
TGN:21487
TGN:21488
beach scarp
bluff
ceja
cliff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff
ice cliff
palisade
precipice
scar
scarp
scaw
scraps
USGS:SDTS
bluff
USGS:SDTS
palisade
ADL:FTT
scraps
A high, steep, or overhanging face of rock.
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
cliff
ADL:FTT
bluff
USGS:SDTS
ice cliff
USGS:SDTS
scarp
CLIFF
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
scaw
USGS:SDTS
scar
USGS:SDTS
beach scarp
USGS:SDTS
ceja
USGS:SDTS
precipice
sea cliff
A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean.
ENVO
ENVO:00000088
coastal cliff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliff
marine cliff
envoPolar
USGS:SDTS
marine cliff
A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean.
MA:ma
inland cliff
ENVO
ENVO:00000089
EcoLexicon:crag
FTT:589
crag
USGS:SDTS
crag
ADL:FTT
crag
coastal plain
An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.
ENVO
ENVO:00000090
EcoLexicon:coastal_plain
EcoLexicon:coastal_zone
FTT:240
FTT:499
FTT:500
FTT:501
FTT:502
FTT:503
FTT:504
SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain
An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain
beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
Beach
ENVO
ENVO:00000091
EcoLexicon:beach
EcoLexicon:to_beach
FTT:237
FTT:239
Geonames:T.BCH
Geonames:T.BCHS
SWEETRealm:Beach
TGN:21482
beach
beach berm
beaches
foreshore flats
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
lagoon beach
rivage
strand
Beach
NASA:earthrealm
ADL:FTT
strand
USGS:SDTS
beach berm
USGS:SDTS
strand
Geonames:feature
beaches
Geonames:feature
beach
USGS:SDTS
rivage
USGS:SDTS
foreshore flats
USGS:SDTS
lagoon beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
sea beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.
ENVO
ENVO:00000092
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand
strand
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
lacustrine beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.
ENVO
ENVO:00000093
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a lake.
MA:ma
volcanic feature
A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
ENVO
ENVO:00000094
FTT:591
TGN:21407
volcanic landform
A feature associated with a volcano, an opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano
Getty:TGN
volcanic landform
obsolete lava field
A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption.
ENVO
ENVO:00000095
ENVO:01000437
EcoLexicon:lava_flow
FTT:916
FTT:917
Geonames:T.LAVA
TGN:21612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field
lava area
lava flow
lava plain
true
A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption.
MA:ma
ADL:FTT
lava area
Geonames:feature
lava area
Getty:TGN
lava flow
caldera
A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.
ENVO
ENVO:00000096
FTT:384
Geonames:T.CLDA
TGN:21409
caldera
crater
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera
USGS:SDTS
crater
A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera
Geonames:feature
caldera
desert
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
DESERT
ENVO
ENVO:00000097
EcoLexicon:desert
FTT:1
FTT:188
Geonames:T.DSRT
LTER:147
SWEETRealm:Desert
TGN:21201
arid region
desert
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert
envoPolar
ADL:FTT
arid region
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
USGS:SDTS
Geonames:feature
desert
DESERT
USGS:SDTS
island
Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.
ENVO
ENVO:00000098
EcoLexicon:island
FTT:147
FTT:450
FTT:886
FTT:887
FTT:888
FTT:889
Geonames:T.ISL
Geonames:T.ISLS
SWEETRealm:Island
TGN:21468
TGN:21469
TGN:21471
TGN:21475
cay
eyot
holm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island
hummock
isle
islet
key
envoPolar
Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland.
USGS:SDTS
Getty:TGN
islet
ADL:FTT
isle
USGS:SDTS
key
ADL:FTT
islet
USGS:SDTS
cay
USGS:SDTS
islet
USGS:SDTS
hummock
artificial island
An island constructed by human effort.
ENVO
ENVO:00000099
FTT:1023
FTT:171
Geonames:T.ISLF
artificial island
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_island
offshore platform
Geonames:feature
artificial island
ADL:FTT
offshore platform
An island constructed by human effort.
MA:ma
valley
A depression caused by erosion by water or ice. Low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially elongate, relatively large gently sloping depressions of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet.
ENVO
ENVO:00000100
EcoLexicon:valley
FTT:158
FTT:166
FTT:418
FTT:761
FTT:811
FTT:949
Geonames:T.GRGE
Geonames:T.VAL
Geonames:T.VALS
SWEETRealm:Valley
TGN:21425
TGN:21451
TGN:21452
TGN:21453
VALLEY
chasm
coulee
dale
glacial gorge
glacial trough
glen
goe
gorge
graben
gulch
gully
hollow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley
lavaka
median valley
moat
ravine
re-entrant
seachannel
shelf valley
strath
trench
vale
valley
valleys
water gap
Geonames:feature
valleys
USGS:SDTS
goe
USGS:SDTS
glacial gorge
USGS:SDTS
trench
USGS:SDTS
chasm
USGS:SDTS
graben
ADL:FTT
hollow
USGS:SDTS
strath
USGS:SDTS
hollow
Geonames:feature
gorge
USGS:SDTS
ravine
ADL:FTT
median valley
Getty:TGN
gully
Geonames:feature
median valley
USGS:SDTS
gully
USGS:SDTS
gulch
USGS:SDTS
glacial trough
USGS:SDTS
coulee
USGS:SDTS
glen
ADL:FTT
glen
A depression caused by erosion by water or ice. Low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially elongate, relatively large gently sloping depressions of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet.
ADL:FTT
USGS:SDTS
re-entrant
Geonames:feature
valley
USGS:SDTS
dale
USGS:SDTS
VALLEY
USGS:SDTS
moat
USGS:SDTS
gorge
USGS:SDTS
water gap
Getty:TGN
hollow
USGS:SDTS
seachannel
Geonames:feature
shelf valley
delta
A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river.
DELTA
Delta
ENVO
ENVO:00000101
EcoLexicon:delta
FTT:97
Geonames:T.DLTA
SWEETRealm:Delta
TGN:21164
TGN:21422
alluvial fan
bay delta
canyon delta
delta
fan
fan delta
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta
outwash
outwash plain
pass (delta)
DELTA
USGS:SDTS
USGS:SDTS
fan delta
USGS:SDTS
outwash
Geonames:feature
delta
A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river.
USGS:SDTS
Delta
NASA:earthrealm
USGS:SDTS
fan
USGS:SDTS
bay delta
USGS:SDTS
outwash plain
Getty:TGN
pass (delta)
USGS:SDTS
alluvial fan
USGS:SDTS
canyon delta
cave entrance
Cueva de Altamira
ENVO
ENVO:00000102
FTT:444
mangrove island
An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
ENVO
ENVO:00000103
FTT:147
FTT:891
Geonames:T.ISLM
island
mangrove island
An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove
ADL:FTT
island
Geonames:feature
mangrove island
undersea feature
ENVO
ENVO:00000104
EcoLexicon:fan
EcoLexicon:platform
EcoLexicon:ravine
FTT:1020
FTT:1137
FTT:1176
FTT:1193
FTT:1194
FTT:1195
FTT:1196
FTT:5
FTT:810
FTT:984
Geonames:FRKU
Geonames:FRSU
Geonames:MDVU
Geonames:PLFU
Geonames:RAVU
Geonames:RMPU
Geonames:U.BSNU
Geonames:U.EDGU
Geonames:U.ESCU
Geonames:U.FANU
Geonames:U.FLTU
Geonames:U.FURU
Geonames:U.GAPU
Geonames:U.GLYU
Geonames:U.HOLU
Geonames:U.LDGU
Geonames:U.LEVU
Geonames:U.PLNU
Geonames:U.PLTU
Geonames:U.PNLU
Geonames:U.PRVU
Geonames:U.RDGU
Geonames:U.RDSU
Geonames:U.RISU
Geonames:U.SDLU
Geonames:U.SHVU
Geonames:U.SILU
Geonames:U.SPRU
Geonames:U.TERU
Geonames:U.VALU
Geonames:U.VLSU
TGN:23001
TGN:23116
TGN:23117
TGN:23118
TGN:23135
TGN:23162
TGN:23181
TGN:23182
TGN:23183
TGN:23184
TGN:23188
TGN:23192
TGN:23193
TGN:23194
TGN:23195
TGN:23196
TGN:23211
TGN:23212
TGN:23301
TGN:23411
TGN:23412
TGN:23413
TGN:23415
TGN:23421
TGN:23423
TGN:23424
TGN:23431
TGN:23453
TGN:23461
TGN:23463
TGN:23467
TGN:23550
basin
escarpment
fan
flat
fork
forks
furrow
gap
gully
hole
hole (seafloor)
ledge
levee
median valley
moat (seafloor)
ocean floor feature
pinnacle
plain
plateau
platform
province
ramp
ramp (seafloor)
ravine
ridge
ridges
rise
rise (seafloor)
saddle
seafloor feature
shelf edge
sill
spur
subsea feature
terrace
tongue (seafloor)
undersea bank
undersea basin
undersea bench
undersea cliff
undersea fan
undersea fork
undersea fracture zone
undersea furrow
undersea gap
undersea hole
undersea ledge
undersea levee
undersea median valley
undersea moat
undersea peak
undersea pinnacle
undersea plain
undersea platform
undersea ramp
undersea rise
undersea saddle
undersea shelf
undersea shelf edge
undersea shelf valley
undersea sill
undersea slope
undersea spur
undersea terrace
undersea tongue
undersea valley
underwater feature
valley
valleys
Geonames:feature
furrow
Getty:TGN
undersea shelf valley
Getty:TGN
undersea moat
Getty:TGN
undersea slope
Geonames:feature
ramp
Getty:TGN
undersea terrace
Getty:TGN
undersea pinnacle
Geonames:feature
median valley
Geonames:feature
terrace
Getty:TGN
undersea plain
Getty:TGN
undersea gap
Geonames:feature
platform
Geonames:feature
valleys
Getty:TGN
undersea levee
Getty:TGN
undersea sill
Geonames:feature
escarpment
Getty:TGN
undersea hole
Geonames:feature
pinnacle
Geonames:feature
gully
Geonames:feature
ridges
Getty:TGN
undersea ramp
Getty:TGN
undersea shelf
ADL:FTT
hole (seafloor)
Getty:TGN
undersea fan
Getty:TGN
undersea bench
Geonames:feature
levee
ADL:FTT
rise (seafloor)
Getty:TGN
undersea spur
Geonames:feature
shelf edge
Geonames:feature
plain
Geonames:feature
ridge
Getty:TGN
undersea fork
Geonames:feature
spur
Getty:TGN
undersea tongue
Getty:TGN
undersea platform
Getty:TGN
undersea median valley
Geonames:feature
ravine
ADL:FTT
underwater feature
Geonames:feature
flat
Geonames:feature
province
Geonames:feature
hole
Geonames:feature
fork
Geonames:feature
forks
Geonames:feature
basin
Geonames:feature
rise
Getty:TGN
undersea saddle
ADL:FTT
subsea feature
Getty:TGN
undersea basin
Getty:TGN
undersea fracture zone
Getty:TGN
undersea ledge
Geonames:feature
fan
Getty:TGN
undersea peak
ADL:FTT
ramp (seafloor)
Getty:TGN
undersea valley
Geonames:feature
sill
Geonames:feature
ledge
Getty:TGN
undersea rise
Geonames:feature
valley
ADL:FTT
moat (seafloor)
ADL:FTT
seafloor feature
Getty:TGN
undersea bank
Geonames:feature
saddle
Geonames:feature
plateau
Getty:TGN
undersea shelf edge