http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities The Environment Ontology https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/ https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ ENVO Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/chemical_concentration.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 679 Logical Axioms: 119] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 206 Logical Axioms: 34] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 168 Logical Axioms: 29] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 40 Logical Axioms: 6] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] 2024-07-01 http://environmentontology.org/ editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from expand expression to expand assertion to term replaced by plural form An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive EnvO-Lite-GSC A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from true true disconnected_from A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Disposition slim environmental_hazards envoANZSoil envoAstro envoAtmo envoCesab envoCmecs envoEOVs envoEmpo envoMarine envoMeo envoNceas envoOmics envoPlastics envoPolar Pathology slim nlcd2011 Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist ro-eco Scalar slim Value slim wwfBiome subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of results in transformation into Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of To be ceded to RO results in proliferation of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates obsolete determined by true obsolete determined by part of true inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other. Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label David Osumi-Sutherland Example: if we define region of chromosome as any subdivision of a chromosome along its long axis, then we can define a region of chromosome that contains only gene x as 'chromosome region' that coincident_with some 'gene x', where the term gene X corresponds to a genomic sequence. coincident with A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland di Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps true X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. David Osumi-Sutherland connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) continuous with FMA:85972 x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) partially overlaps x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Chris Mungall Jennifer Deegan Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to part of true Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in capable of part of true OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role Chris Mungall agent in Obsoleted as the inverse property was obsoleted. obsolete actively participates in true OBSOLETE x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y Chris Mungall has agent obsolete has active participant true x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by Chris Mungall surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing Chris Mungall EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall starts with process that occurs in has start location x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y Chris Mungall ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. Pier Buttigieg adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A relationship that holds via some environmental process Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. Chris Mungall In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of true c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output of Chris Mungall formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a Chris Mungall attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. Chris Mungall drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x Chris Mungall branch of distributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary This is both a mereotopological relationship and a relationship defined in connection to processes. It concerns both the connecting structure, and how this structure is disposed to causally affect flow processes distributary of A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location Chris Mungall This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A protein that enables activity in a cytosol. c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. Chris Mungall executes activity in enables activity in is active in true c executes activity in d if and only if c enables p and p occurs_in d. Assuming no action at a distance by gene products, if a gene product enables (is capable of) a process that occurs in some structure, it must have at least some part in that structure. GOC:cjm GOC:dos A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts. Chris Mungall interacts with on organism level biotically interacts with http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith An interaction relationship in which the partners are related via a feeding relationship. Chris Mungall trophically interacts with Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall Intended to be used when the target of the relation is not itself consumed, and does not have integral parts consumed, but provided nutrients in some other fashion. acquires nutrients from Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) Chris Mungall provides nutrients for 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. Chris Mungall has part that occurs in true Chris Mungall is kinase activity x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships Chris Mungall transformation of x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t Chris Mungall immediate transformation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. Chris Mungall towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg determined by inverse of determined by Chris Mungall determines (material entity to system) determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of true Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to Chris Mungall participates in a biotic-biotic interaction with p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Melissa Haendel Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. Melissa Haendel produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. cjm 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda' "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients. Damion Dooley has substance added A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. Austin Meier Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Marie Angelique Laporte triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process RO:cjm Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA. The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel. The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board. The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score. This pdf file generically depends on this server. A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*. [072-ISO] g-depends on generically depends on Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information. This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy. This hard drive is carrier of these data items. *b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t* [072-ISO] is carrier of The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic entity An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) spatial region temporal region spatiotemporal region An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role fiat object fiat object part object aggregate site object A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant function p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) one-dimensional temporal region An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity material entity b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) immaterial entity one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary electron C19-steroid dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives metal oxide NAD NAD(P)H chlorofluorocarbon volatile organic compound titanium oxides glycol pyrrolopurine metalloid atom Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity carotenoid beta-end derivative chlorophyll(1-) chlorophyllide(2-) kaolin ultra-long-chain fatty acid ultra-long-chain fatty acid anion manganese dihydroxide manganese hydroxide electron donor acceptor acrolein water hydron dioxygen Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen ATP argon-39 atom copper(II) phthalocyanine copper tetrapyrrole sarcosine primary alcohol GTP halide anion An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. AMMONIA Ammonia ammonia azane Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn ammonia hydrogen sulfide methane A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Sulfate sulfate tetraoxidosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(2-) tetraoxosulfate(VI) SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion sulfate urea hydroxide ethanol hydrogen peroxide chitosan nitrite hyaluronic acid pantothenate NADPH naphthalene carbon dioxide Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. carbohydrate carbohydrates Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum carbohydrate peptide soybean oil nucleoside 5'-phosphate benzene mineral nutrient Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. glycans glycan paralytic shellfish toxin formaldehyde chlorophyllide a NADH heteroglycan propane-1,2-diol chitin dinitrogen oxide fluoride ketone carbon monoxide nucleoside 5'-triphoshate testosterone aldehyde hydrogencarbonate alginic acid toluene beta-carotene nitrate electron acceptor methanol organohalogen compound hydrogen chloride donor ribonucleoside triphosphate chloride dinitrogen lipid glycosaminoglycan trimethylamine hydrogen halide A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. Polysaccharide polysaccharides Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos polysaccharide chlorophyll a (1->4)-beta-D-glucan An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron 26Fe Eisen Fe Iron fer ferrum hierro iron iron atom dihydrogen manganese atom alkane phosphate(3-) hydrogen cyanide sulfur dioxide inorganic calcium salt N-acylglucosamine N-acyl-hexosamine N-methyl-amino acid N-methylglycines acetamides adenosine phosphate alkaline earth metal atom alkali metal atom alkaloid alkyl group alkylamines aminoglycan A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion arsenate ion arsenic molecular entity base benzenes benzoates benzopyrrole branched-chain amino acid bromine atom cadmium atom calcium atom calcium molecular entity carbamate ester carbon oxide carbonates carotene epoxycarotenoid carotenoid carotenol chloride salt chlorine atom chlorine molecular entity chromium molecular entity Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity copper molecular entity cyclic peptide diol drug monoatomic anion monoatomic cation enzyme inhibitor ethanols fluorine atom fluorine molecular entity glucosamines glycine derivative A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role group guanidines guanosine phosphate halogen molecular entity halogen organic heterocyclic compound heterodetic cyclic peptide hexosamine hydrocarbon proton Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides hydroxybenzoate indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid oxoacids oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid inorganic anions inorganic anion A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity inorganic oxides inorganic oxide inorganic peroxide inorganic salt inorganic sulfate salt A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. salt Salz Salze ionic compound ionic compounds sal sales salts sel sels salt monoatomic ion A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion iron molecular entity iron compounds iron molecular entities iron molecular entity isoprenoid lead atom leucine magnesium atom magnesium molecular entity magnesium porphyrin manganese molecular entity metabolite metal cation metalloporphyrin methyl ester methylamines mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule monocarboxylic acid monohydroxybenzoate monoatomic monocation monoatomic polycation mutagen mycotoxin naphthalenes neoxanthin neurotransmitter NADP NAD(P) nicotinamide nucleotide nitrogen 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom nitrous acid nonmetal Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom nucleoside phosphate organic heteromonocyclic compound organic anion organic cation ether organic ion organic oxide organic phosphate aliphatic alcohol organophosphorus compound An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide oxygen atom oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity ozone aldopentose phosphate peroxides pesticide Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphates phosphates phosphate phosphoric acid derivative phosphorus molecular entities phosphorus molecular entity biological pigment polar amino acid polyester macromolecule polyol porphyrins potassium atom potassium molecular entity propane-1,2-diols propanediol purine nucleoside triphosphate purine nucleotide purine ribonucleoside triphosphate purine ribonucleotide purines pyridines quinate radical reactive oxygen species ribonucleotide ribose phosphate saturated fatty acid silicic acid silicon molecular entity sodium atom sodium chloride sodium compounds sodium molecular entities sodium molecular entity sodium salt carbohydrate phosphate sulfates sulfide sulfur 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion sulfur atom sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities sulfur molecular entity A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Sulfuric acid dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate dihydroxidodioxidosulfur hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(2-) hydrogen tetraoxosulfate(VI) sulfuric acid tetraoxosulfuric acid Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid sulfuric acid terpenoid tertiary alcohol tetrapyrrole tetraterpenoid organic heterotricyclic compound threonine tin atom toluenes toxin micronutrient Anatoxin a An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element Uebergangselement Uebergangsmetalle metal de transicion metal de transition metales de transicion metaux de transition transition element transition elements transition metal transition metals transition element atom monoatomic trication organic heterobicyclic compound vanadium molecular entity very long-chain fatty acid violaxanthin xanthophyll xylene zinc atom zinc molecular entity methanesulfonic acid zeaxanthin boron atom arsenic atom silicon atom carbon 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom cobalt atom detergent nitrobenzene acetamide chlorophyll b lead(0) chromium atom nickel atom alloxanthine alpha-carotene phosphorus 15P P Phosphor Phosphorus fosforo phosphore phosphorus phosphorus atom molybdenum atom copper atom beta-D-glucan rubber particle lutein fatty acid anion An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. ammonium azanium Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion ammonium amino sugar chlorophyll carbonic acid carboxylic acid anion mononucleotide arsenate(3-) hydrogen fluoride deuteron deuterium atom tritium atom silicate(4-) azanide monocarboxylic acid amide oxonium methanide hydrosulfide bacteriochlorophyll a gold(0) copper(0) lithium atom aluminium oxide photon alpha-particle helium atom helium-3 atom neutron positron isobutyl group monoatomic dication thallium sulfur hexafluoride silver atom antimony atom caesium atom silicon dioxide formic acid salicylate alcohol octacosanoic acid octacosanoate Talc titanium dioxide barium atom leucinate leucinium tertiary amine amine epoxide amide europium atom calcium carbonate Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application fundamental particle monoatomic entity coordination entity oxoacid derivatives oxoacid derivative inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride organic fundamental parent organic group hydrocarbyl group organyl group A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom monoatomic hydrogen atomic nucleus nucleon primary amide A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity elemental hydrogen organosulfur compound elemental oxygen diatomic oxygen triatomic oxygen diatomic nitrogen elemental nitrogen An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion molecular messenger antimicrobial agent A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. agrichemical agrichemicals agricultural chemicals agrochemicals agrochemical A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants. fertiliser fertilizers fertilizer food fuel A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entities alkali metal molecular entity alkaline earth molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogens group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen chalcogens Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity group 14 elements carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom carboxylic ester noble gas atom monoatomic helium helium(2+) boron group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group elements Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom lanthanoid atom rare earth metal atom strontium atom silicon oxide silicon oxoacid yttrium atom scandium group element atom lanthanum atom zinc group element atom titanium atom niobium atom titanium group element atom vanadium group element atom chromium group element atom manganese group element atom group 8 elements iron group element iron group elements iron group element atom cobalt group element atom nickel group element atom copper group element atom cerium neodymium atom samarium atom gadolinium atom dysprosium atom platinum(0) oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids sulfur oxoacid hydracid pnictogen oxoacid elemental carbon sulfur oxoacid derivative monoatomic monoanion elemental chlorine monoatomic chlorine monoatomic halogen elemental halogen phospho sugar nitrogen oxoacid nitrogen oxoanion pnictogen oxoanion phosphorus oxoanion elemental pnictogen sulfur oxoanion oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions sulfur oxoanion chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacids chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanions chalcogen oxoanion A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entities transition metal molecular entity transition element molecular entity actinoid molecular entity uranium molecular entity An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals metal atom sulfur hydride organosulfonic acid sulfonic acid derivative alpha-amino-acid anion s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom d-block element d-block elements d-block element atom f-block element atom carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity boron group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity noble gas molecular entity lead molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compounds cyclic compound homocyclic compound carbocyclic compound hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity aluminium molecular entity aluminium oxides monoatomic aluminium elemental aluminium polycyclic compound bicyclic compound ortho-fused compound olefin acyclic olefin alkadiene aliphatic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compounds aromatic molecular entity aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound arene organic aromatic compound monocyclic compound annulene cyclic hydrocarbon monocyclic hydrocarbon polycyclic hydrocarbon heteromonocyclic compound heteropolycyclic compound heterobicyclic compound zinc group molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity d-block compounds d-block molecular entities d-block molecular entity f-block molecular entity helium molecular entity elemental helium diatomic helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides oxygen hydride A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biopolymer Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers biomacromolecule polyatomic cation amino-acid cation alpha-amino acid amino acid alpha-amino-acid cation chromium group molecular entity manganese group molecular entity iron group molecular entity iron group molecular entities iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity vanadium group molecular entity nickel group molecular entity platinum molecular entity titanium group molecular entity organic hydroxy compound organic cyclic compound heteroarene benzenoid aromatic compound A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecule macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers macromolecule aromatic annulene monocyclic arene polycyclic arene transition element coordination entity reagent metallotetrapyrrole Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient halide salt gold molecular entity elemental gold magnesium coordination entity saxitoxin nitrogen hydrides nitrogen hydride Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. azanes azane aldose phosphate calcium salt cyclic carotene vanadium(0) elemental vanadium sulfate salt terpene tetraterpene surfactant nitrogen oxide tracer label alkaline earth coordination entity inhibitor fossil fuel ammonium ion derivative fused compound carbopolycyclic compound homopolycyclic compound ortho-fused polycyclic arene epoxycarotenol steroid 17beta-hydroxy steroid hydroxy steroid organonitrogen compound fatty acid chromium oxoanion chromium coordination entity chromate(2-) transition element oxoanion An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion ortho-fused bicyclic arene ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon antiinfective agent alkali metal salt analgesic heterocyclic organic fundamental parent cardiovascular drug carbon oxoanion carbon oxoacid vasodilator agent secondary alcohol ester nitro compound C-nitro compound monocarboxylic acid anion arsenic oxoanion phosphate ion oxo steroid imidazopyrimidine pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydrides pnictogen hydride hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion inorganic chloride cyclitol carboxylic acid anion dicarboxylic acid monoester cyclic tetrapyrrole lepton baryon fermion boson A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle composite particle hadron nuclear particle neutrino Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives alkaline earth salt saturated organic heterocyclic parent saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent polycyclic ether main-group coordination entity carbonyl compound organic oxo compound organochlorine compound heterotricyclic compound carbobicyclic compound monoanion 17-hydroxy steroid inorganic radical radical cation radical ion inorganic radical ion inorganic radical cation elemental fluorine monoatomic fluorine chalcogen hydride neon molecular entity argon molecular entity krypton molecular entity inorganic ions inorganic ion inorganic cations inorganic cation A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation carbon-14 atom carbon-13 atom nitrogen-15 atom chalcocarbonic acid An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound nucleotide pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide dinucleotide ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate amino-acid anion purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate adenosine 5'-phosphate guanosine 5'-phosphate barium molecular entity elemental barium organofluorine compound glucan homopolysaccharide organic hydride mononuclear parent hydrides mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride silicon coordination entity silicon oxoanion elemental lead titanium molecular entity tropane alkaloid phosphorus oxide tetraphosphorus decaoxide mucopolysaccharide copper coordination entity elemental copper cyclic ether acid A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity halide allenes carboxamide phosphoric ester sulfuric acid derivative homopolymer macromolecule polypyrrole organonitrogen heterocyclic compound oxacycle organic heteropolycyclic compound polycyclic heteroarene bacteriochlorophyll chlorophyllide hydrocarbyl anion magnesium tetrapyrrole phorbines 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid azabicycloalkane methylindole electron-transport chain inhibitor respiratory-chain inhibitor pyrazolopyrimidine inorganic sodium salt quinolinemonocarboxylate anaesthetic general anaesthetic inhalation anaesthetic methylbenzene alkylbenzene Bronsted acid Bronsted base Lewis acid Lewis base chloropicrin straight-chain saturated fatty acid buta-1,3-diene butadiene cyclic ketone carbonate heptane hydrogenphosphate peridinin hydrogensulfate asbestos In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral silicate mineral chrysotile riebeckite crocidolite asbestos serpentine mineral tremolite asbestos amphibole asbestos amosite asbestos gruenerite serpentine asbestos anthophyllite anthophyllite asbestos actinolite actinolite asbestos sulfide mineral sulfide salt carbonate salt A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent silicon hydroxide dioxane dioxanes 1,4-dioxane acetate ester 3-oxo steroid indicator cyclic polypyrrole dinucleotide alkanesulfonic acid 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid microcystin nitric acid nitrobenzenes silicate ion Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides sulfur oxide antiseptic drug disinfectant polar solvent protic solvent protophilic solvent amphiprotic solvent antagonist aluminosilicate mineral elemental platinum aluminium(3+) argon atom hydrogen atom praseodymium atom uranium(0) zinc dichloride elemental krypton monoatomic krypton monoatomic argon elemental argon argon(.1+) monoatomic neon elemental neon organic amino compound sulfur coordination entity P450 inhibitor onium compound Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group organic nitrogen anion androstanoid probe monoatomic uranium elemental uranium alkyl alcohol carbon nanotube nanostructure nanotube carbon nanostructure iron oxide Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity genotoxin allergen A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role neurotoxin tertiary amino compound nitrate salt inorganic nitrate salt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role nitrohydrocarbon nitroarene Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity organic univalent group phthalocyanines metallophthalocyanines metallophthalocyanine enal enone alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone fucoxanthin organic polycyclic compound organic tricyclic compound biochemical role biophysical role aetiopathogenetic role pharmacological role physiological role ligand pharmaceutical inorganic hydroxy compound epitope poly(alkylene) macromolecule polyethylene macromolecule vinyl polymer macromolecule envoPlastics poly(vinyl chloride) copolymer macromolecule poly(hydroxyalkanoate) poly(hydroxybutyrate) methyl cellulose envoPlastics poly(propylene) A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound carbon monoxide(1+) chlorophyll a(1-) kynurenate cyclic tetrapyrrole anion very long-chain fatty acid anion saturated fatty acid anion straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion biomarker straight-chain fatty acid electrophilic reagent nucleophilic reagent A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. Mischung mixture A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Polymer Kunststoff polymer homopolymer poly(alkylene) polymer envoPlastics polyethylene polymer envoPlastics polyester polymer An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation aluminium ion NMDA receptor antagonist envoPlastics polyurethane polymer excitatory amino acid antagonist amino monosaccharide nucleobase-containing molecular entity brevetoxin A ciguatoxin guanyl nucleotide adenyl nucleotide guanyl ribonucleotide adenyl ribonucleotide envoPlastics poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer vinyl polymer envoPlastics polystyrene polymer signalling molecule reactive nitrogen species amorphous cellulose crystalline cellulose emulsifier aluminium cation A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents oxidising agent carbohydrate derivative monosaccharide derivative pentose derivative branched-chain amino-acid anion 1,1-diol ketone hydrate food additive one-carbon compound organic acid trivalent inorganic cation Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison polysaccharide derivative N-alkylglycine organic molecule exopolysaccharide divinyl chlorophyll a divinyl chlorophyll b eukaryotic metabolite animal metabolite mammalian metabolite prokaryotic metabolite iron sulfides iron(2+) sulfides envoPolar greenhouse gas propellant EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor pathway inhibitor fungal metabolite bacterial metabolite human metabolite EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor raising agent food packaging gas food propellant fatty acid anion 28:0 A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component environmental contaminant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. refrigerants refrigerant Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives olefinic compound trivalent inorganic anion Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. divalent inorganic anions divalent inorganic anion monovalent inorganic anion Nodularin Peptidoglycan(N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) Brevetoxin B pheophytin diatomaceous earth elemental iron iron(0) crustacean metabolite Daphnia magna metabolite Daphnia metabolite chlorophyllide a(2-) N-acylammonia proteinogenic amino acid derivative non-proteinogenic amino acid amino acid derivative non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid pentose phosphate pyrite metal allergen aromatic carboxylate skatole An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature envoPolar This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 bedding-plane cave A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_region administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region administrative area ADL:FTT administrative division ADL:FTT administrative division Getty:TGN administrative entity Getty:TGN boundary region ADL:FTT civil area ADL:FTT district ADL:FTT free trade zone ADL:FTT governed place ADL:FTT leased area (government) ADL:FTT leased zone (government) ADL:FTT neutral zone (political) ADL:FTT prefecture ADL:FTT protectorate ADL:FTT sheikdom ADL:FTT sultanate ADL:FTT trade zone ADL:FTT A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 ENVO countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division ENVO:00000005 first-order administrative region A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 1st order division ADL:FTT first level subdivision Getty:TGN first-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. FTT:286 FTT:576 Geonames:A.ADM2 TGN:81300 ENVO countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division ENVO:00000006 second-order administrative region A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 2nd order division ADL:FTT second level subdivision Getty:TGN second-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. FTT:204 FTT:205 FTT:578 Geonames:A.ADM3 TGN:82401 ENVO barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division ENVO:00000007 third-order administrative region A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html barrio ADL:FTT countries, 3rd order division ADL:FTT third level subdivision Getty:TGN third-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 ENVO countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division ENVO:00000008 fourth-order administrative region A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 4th order division ADL:FTT fourth level subdivision Getty:TGN fourth-order administrative division Geonames:feature A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation country political entity state national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State nation ADL:FTT independent nation Getty:TGN independent political entity Getty:TGN independent sovereign nation Getty:TGN country ADL:FTT political entity ADL:FTT A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN TGN:53010 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden ENVO PARK cropland park ENVO:00000011 garden An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. Geonames:feature PARK USGS:SDTS cropland USGS:SDTS park ADL:FTT A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature envoPolar hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 cave system A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal ENVO ENVO:00000014 This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself. canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. MA:ma A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region envoMarine envoPolar ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water envoMarine envoPolar sea A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. false ENVO ENVO:00000018 obsolete dry river true A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake envoPolar lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake FreshwaterLake envoPolar freshwater lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater FreshwaterLake NASA:earthrealm A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 LTER:474 SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 rio braided river "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." river A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River LTER:474 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=474&/rivers rio ADL:FTT rio USGS:SDTS braided river USGS:SDTS "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. watercourse EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS LTER:562 SWEETRealm:Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend streamlet Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet stream A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS LTER:562 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=562&/streams streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS A stream whose flow is not continuous. stream FTT:105 FTT:882 Geonames:H.STMI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_stream intermittent stream ENVO ENVO:00000024 obsolete intermittent stream true A stream whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma stream ADL:FTT intermittent stream Geonames:feature An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir covered reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000025 reservoir An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. MA:ma lake USGS:SDTS covered reservoir ADL:FTT A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SWEETRealm:Spring TGN:21126 seep Springs are typically where an aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. spring A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification seep USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma A flowing body of water. EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse A flowing body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A cave without streams or drips of water. dry cave ENVO ENVO:00000030 dead cave A cave without streams or drips of water. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi wadis wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth arroyo coulee gully nullah wash The temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys. wadi A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. Geonames:feature wadis Geonames:feature wadi bend ADL:FTT wadi bend Geonames:feature wadi junction ADL:FTT wadi mouth ADL:FTT arroyo ADL:FTT coulee ADL:FTT coulee Getty:TGN gully ADL:FTT nullah USGS:SDTS wash ADL:FTT An area of water bordered by land on three sides. EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 ENVO bahia embayment firth inlet sea loch sea lough ENVO:00000032 bay An area of water bordered by land on three sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bahia ADL:FTT inlet USGS:SDTS A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL LTER:975 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond Pond pool (water body) POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) pond A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS LTER:975 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=975&/ponds Pond NASA:earthrealm pool (water body) ADL:FTT POOL Getty:TGN millpond ADL:FTT millpond USGS:SDTS pond ADL:FTT pond Geonames:feature ponds Geonames:feature pool Geonames:feature pool USGS:SDTS pool (water body) USGS:SDTS An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapids cataract torrent rapids An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. USGS:SDTS cataract USGS:SDTS torrent USGS:SDTS A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). wetland EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH LTER:326 SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh Marsh marsh quagmire marsh A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Marsh NASA:earthrealm marsh Geonames:feature quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. canal FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI ENVO ENVO:00000036 irrigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. MA:ma canal Geonames:feature A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geonames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch ENVO ENVO:00000037 ditch A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. Geonames:feature A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon lagoons laguna barrier lagoon lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord envoPolar fjord A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall WATERFALL force linn waterfalls cascade cataract fall falls Should this be a hydroform? waterfall A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. USGS:SDTS WATERFALL USGS:SDTS waterfalls Geonames:feature cascade ADL:FTT cascade USGS:SDTS cataract ADL:FTT cataract Getty:TGN fall ADL:FTT falls USGS:SDTS A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek tidal creek A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek stream ADL:FTT Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. canal FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD ENVO ENVO:00000042 drainage canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. wetland EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG LTER:402 LTER:70 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog envoPolar peatland A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Peatland NASA:earthrealm bog ADL:FTT bog Geonames:feature bog USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS peat bog USGS:SDTS 1 A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. mouth EcoLexicon:estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY LTER:182 SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary inlet estuary A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary mouth USGS:SDTS LTER:182 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=182&/estuaries inlet USGS:SDTS A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge HEDGE hedgerow ENVO shelter belt ENVO:00000046 hedge A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. USGS:SDTS HEDGE USGS:SDTS hedgerow USGS:SDTS shelter belt USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001240 ENVO_01001239 obsolete canopy true Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal ENVO navigation channel ship cannal ENVO:00000048 navigation canal Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. MA:ma navigation canal ADL:FTT navigation channel ADL:FTT ship cannal USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000052 ENVO:00000215 ENVO:00000407 ENVO:01000265 ENVO ENVO:00000049 obsolete volcanic hydrographic feature true A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. thermal feature EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser geyser A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser thermal feature ADL:FTT A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. spring EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring hotspring thermal spring hot spring A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring spring USGS:SDTS A lake contained within a volcanic crater. FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake volcanic crater lake A lake contained within a volcanic crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater marsh A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. wetland EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN LTER:482 TGN:21323 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marsh salt marsh salting salt marsh tidal marsh It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT salt marsh USGS:SDTS salting USGS:SDTS salt marsh Geonames:feature tidal marsh USGS:SDTS A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. lake FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond salt evaporation pond salt pond salt ponds saltern In such ponds, water is drawn out of seawater through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. saline evaporation pond A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_ponds lake ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond Geonames:feature salt pond ADL:FTT salt pond Geonames:feature salt ponds Geonames:feature A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishpond ENVO ENVO:00000056 fishpond A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. MA:ma A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. woodland EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swamp mangal MangroveForest mangrove swamp A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. MA:ma woodland USGS:SDTS MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake ENVO ENVO:00000058 envoPolar underground lake A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A river that is under the surface of the Earth. TGN:21187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_river ENVO ENVO:00000059 underground river A river that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground stream A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance. underground water body A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. MA:ma Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS TGN:22201 TGN:83002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_place populated places settlement inhabited region populated locality populated place QCR: 'location of' min 1 building Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html place USGS:SDTS populated places Geonames:feature settlement USGS:SDTS An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST LTER:475 SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road board walk caravan route causeway drive highway intersection parkway road bend road junction traffic circle accessway alley avenue boulevard cart track drove farm lane freeway lane roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway turnpike road An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. USGS:SDTS board walk USGS:SDTS caravan route ADL:FTT causeway ADL:FTT drive ADL:FTT highway ADL:FTT highway Getty:TGN highway USGS:SDTS intersection ADL:FTT parkway ADL:FTT parkway Getty:TGN road bend ADL:FTT road junction ADL:FTT traffic circle ADL:FTT accessway USGS:SDTS alley USGS:SDTS avenue USGS:SDTS boulevard USGS:SDTS cart track USGS:SDTS drove ADL:FTT farm lane USGS:SDTS freeway USGS:SDTS roadway ADL:FTT street ADL:FTT street Geonames:feature street Getty:TGN street USGS:SDTS thorofare USGS:SDTS thoroughfare USGS:SDTS thruway USGS:SDTS turnpike USGS:SDTS A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. railroad feature FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR TGN:53155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway RAILWAY railroad ENVO ENVO:00000065 railway A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. USGS:SDTS railroad feature ADL:FTT RAILWAY USGS:SDTS railroad Geonames:feature railroad Getty:TGN railroad USGS:SDTS A tunnel constructed by human means. tunnel tunnels FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel underpass ENVO ENVO:00000066 man-made tunnel A tunnel constructed by human means. MA:ma tunnel ADL:FTT tunnel Geonames:feature tunnels Geonames:feature canal tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel Geonames:feature road tunnel ADL:FTT road tunnel Geonames:feature underpass USGS:SDTS Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave cavern grotto notch cave Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. USGS:SDTS cavern ADL:FTT cavern USGS:SDTS grotto USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS An underground or underwater passage. FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel TUNNEL cave natural tunnel tunnel An underground or underwater passage. USGS:SDTS TUNNEL USGS:SDTS cave ADL:FTT natural tunnel Geonames:feature natural tunnel Getty:TGN A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. stream watercourse FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream distributary ENVO ENVO:00000069 distributary A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS stream distributary Getty:TGN A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 fault cave A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct TGN:51258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaduct aqueduct ENVO WATERCOURSE BRIDGE ENVO:00000072 aquaduct Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. ADL:FTT aqueduct Geonames:feature aqueduct Getty:TGN aqueduct USGS:SDTS WATERCOURSE BRIDGE USGS:SDTS A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam barrage dam site dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. USGS:SDTS barrage USGS:SDTS dam site ADL:FTT A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass ENVO ENVO:00000075 bridge A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. USGS:SDTS covered bridge USGS:SDTS footbridge USGS:SDTS overpass USGS:SDTS An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm FARM farm farms farmstead ranch farm An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. USGS:SDTS agricultural site ADL:FTT FARM USGS:SDTS farm Geonames:feature farms Geonames:feature farmstead ADL:FTT ranch Geonames:feature ranch Getty:TGN ranch USGS:SDTS An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume flume (manmade) ENVO canal ENVO:00000079 flume An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume watercourse USGS:SDTS flume (manmade) ADL:FTT canal ADL:FTT 2 A range of mounts which is dominated by mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonames:MTS SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range cordillera mountain chain mountain group sierra envoPolar mountain range cordillera ADL:FTT sierra ADL:FTT A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain Mountain mountains envoPolar A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit. The USGS had previously defined mountains as localised elevations of more than 300 meters; however, the organisation has accepted there are no technical definitions in the US. In ENVO, we primarily use the UNEP-WCMC classification to be compliant with SDG monitoring, but we can host other classifications on request: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/1542/en/ mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-mountain-hill-and-peak-lake-and-pond-or-river-and-creek Mountain NASA:earthrealm mountains Geonames:feature 2 A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. hill range A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. MA:ma A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. Geonames:feature foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hillock USGS:SDTS hills Geonames:feature knoll USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass col defile gap notch pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) envoPolar mountain pass A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass Geonames:feature col ADL:FTT col USGS:SDTS defile ADL:FTT defile USGS:SDTS gap Getty:TGN gap USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS pass ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature saddle Getty:TGN saddle USGS:SDTS saddle (physiographic) ADL:FTT sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 envoPolar alpine glacier A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. USGS:SDTS interfluve ADL:FTT llanos ADL:FTT outwash plain USGS:SDTS A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff beach scarp bluff ceja ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps cliff A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. USGS:SDTS beach scarp USGS:SDTS bluff ADL:FTT bluff USGS:SDTS ceja USGS:SDTS ice cliff USGS:SDTS palisade USGS:SDTS precipice USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS scarp USGS:SDTS scaw USGS:SDTS scraps ADL:FTT A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliff coastal cliff marine cliff envoPolar sea cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. MA:ma marine cliff USGS:SDTS A cliff which is not adjacent to a major water body. EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 crag inland cliff crag ADL:FTT crag USGS:SDTS An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain ENVO ENVO:00000090 coastal plain An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach beach berm lagoon beach beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach NASA:earthrealm beach berm USGS:SDTS lagoon beach USGS:SDTS beach Geonames:feature beaches Geonames:feature foreshore flats USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS strand ADL:FTT strand USGS:SDTS A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand strand sea beach A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach A beach which is part of a lake shore. lacustrine beach A beach which is part of a lake shore. MA:ma A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. FTT:591 TGN:21407 volcanic landform volcanic feature A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcanic landform Getty:TGN A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. ENVO:01000437 EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava area ENVO lava flow lava plain ENVO:00000095 obsolete lava field true A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. MA:ma lava area ADL:FTT lava area Geonames:feature lava flow Getty:TGN A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater caldera A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater USGS:SDTS A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region envoPolar desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island eyot holm hummock isle islet envoPolar island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. USGS:SDTS hummock USGS:SDTS isle ADL:FTT islet ADL:FTT islet Getty:TGN islet USGS:SDTS An island constructed by human effort. FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_island ENVO offshore platform ENVO:00000099 artificial island An island constructed by human effort. MA:ma offshore platform ADL:FTT A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta ENVO alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) delta A tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river where the deposition ofsome of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. USGS:SDTS alluvial fan USGS:SDTS bay delta USGS:SDTS canyon delta USGS:SDTS fan USGS:SDTS fan delta USGS:SDTS outwash USGS:SDTS outwash plain USGS:SDTS pass (delta) Getty:TGN A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is used to demarcate the interior from the exterior of a cave. FTT:444 Cueva de Altamira cave exit The term "cave entrance" is typically used when ingress or entry to the cave is desired. The same fiat bondary can serve as a cave exit, although that may be less feasible due to the shape or other physical properties of the cave. cave entrance An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM mangrove island An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove A hydrographic feature which is located below the surface of a marine water body. EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle shelf edge undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley ocean floor feature seafloor feature sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) underwater feature valley valleys undersea feature fan Geonames:feature flat Geonames:feature fork Geonames:feature forks Geonames:feature furrow Geonames:feature gap Geonames:feature gully Geonames:feature hole Geonames:feature hole (seafloor) ADL:FTT ledge Geonames:feature levee Geonames:feature median valley Geonames:feature moat (seafloor) ADL:FTT pinnacle Geonames:feature plain Geonames:feature plateau Geonames:feature platform Geonames:feature province Geonames:feature ramp Geonames:feature ramp (seafloor) ADL:FTT ravine Geonames:feature ridge Geonames:feature ridges Geonames:feature rise Geonames:feature rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature shelf edge Geonames:feature undersea bank Getty:TGN undersea basin Getty:TGN undersea bench Getty:TGN undersea cliff Getty:TGN undersea fan Getty:TGN undersea fork Getty:TGN undersea fracture zone Getty:TGN undersea furrow Getty:TGN undersea gap Getty:TGN undersea hole Getty:TGN undersea ledge Getty:TGN undersea levee Getty:TGN undersea median valley Getty:TGN undersea moat Getty:TGN undersea peak Getty:TGN undersea pinnacle Getty:TGN undersea plain Getty:TGN undersea platform Getty:TGN undersea ramp Getty:TGN undersea rise Getty:TGN undersea saddle Getty:TGN undersea shelf Getty:TGN undersea shelf edge Getty:TGN undersea shelf valley Getty:TGN undersea sill Getty:TGN undersea slope Getty:TGN undersea spur Getty:TGN undersea terrace Getty:TGN undersea tongue Getty:TGN undersea valley Getty:TGN ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor feature ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature spur Geonames:feature subsea feature ADL:FTT terrace Geonames:feature tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT underwater feature ADL:FTT valley Geonames:feature