http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-4-32 Gary Grumbling Kei Ito Simon Reeve Volker Hartenstein http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-9355 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2504-3379 Michael Ashburner http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0027-0858 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-8718 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An ontology of Drosophila melanogaster anatomy. Drosophila Anatomy Ontology (DAO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 13:04:2022 11:39 fly_anatomy.ontology 1.2 Use of the -non-classified.owl version of this ontology requires a reasoner. Recommended reasoners are FaCT++, JFACT and ELK. 2022-04-13 symbol definition has obsolescence reason has ontology root term may be identical to term replaced by term replaced by If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive BrainName official abbreviation BRAND NAME BrainName project terms Terms to hold back pending BrainName paper publication Involved_in EmbDevSlim terms for FlyBase glossary page FORMULA FlyTed temp subset for edit tracking purposes Testis slim INN IUPAC NAME InChI InChIKey terms for rd test ontology SMILES Lineage clone related term from Tzumin Lee dataset official symbol used on Virtual Fly Brain cur warning of impending obsoletion FlyBase ribbon terms Grouping classes that can be excluded Term not to be used for direct annotation Term not to be used for direct manual annotation ChEMBL protein targets summary AGR slim Aspergillus GO slim Candida GO slim ChEMBL protein targets summary Generic GO slim GOA and proteome slim Metagenomics GO slim Mouse GO slim PIR GO slim Plant GO slim Fission yeast GO slim synapse GO slim Viral GO slim Yeast GO slim Prokaryotic GO subset Stanza contains hidden assertion. High-level terms not to be used for direct annotation larval olfactory system Catalytic activity terms in need of attention adult olfactory system model Cell types selected for scRNAseq ribbon label approved by the SynGO project Systematic synonym Terms created by TermGenie that do not follow a template and require additional vetting by editors Viral overhaul terms subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of BFO:0000050 OBO_REL:part_of external relationship part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part BFO:0000051 OBO_REL:has_part external relationship has_part has_part has part has part has_part preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes BFO:0000066 external occurs_in occurs_in occurs in inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in RO:0000052 fly_anatomy.ontology characteristic_of characteristic_of Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of characteristic_of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of RO:0000053 fly_anatomy.ontology has_characteristic has_characteristic has characteristic has_characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant) contained_in contained in contains contains A relation that holds between two neurons that are electrically coupled via gap junctions. David Osumi-Sutherland 2010-01-06T06:53:45Z electrically_synapsed_to RO:0002003 fly_anatomy.ontology electrically_synapsed_to electrically_synapsed_to electrically_synapsed_to The relationship that holds between a trachea or tracheole and an antomical structure that is contained in (and so provides an oxygen supply to). David Osumi-Sutherland RO:0002004 fly_anatomy.ontology tracheates tracheates tracheates tracheates David Osumi-Sutherland http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402613 RO:0002005 fly_anatomy.ontology innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by innervated_by David Osumi-Sutherland has synaptic terminal of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. directly regulated by Process(P2) is directly regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by Process(P2) is directly negatively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 directly negatively regulated by P1. GOC:dos Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by Process(P2) is directly postively regulated by process(P1) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P2 is directly postively regulated by P1. GOC:dos A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity A 'has effector activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A 'has component activity' B and B is the effector (output function) of B. Each compound function has only one effector activity. GOC:dos David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure that its soma is part of. David Osumi-Sutherland <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some ( <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043025> and <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some ?Y) RO:0002100 fly_anatomy.ontology has_soma_location has_soma_location has soma location has_soma_location relationship between a neuron and a neuron projection bundle (e.g.- tract or nerve bundle) that one or more of its projections travels through. David Osumi-Sutherland fasciculates with (forall (?x ?y) (iff (fasciculates_with ?x ?y) (exists (?nps ?npbs) (and ("neuron ; CL_0000540" ?x) ("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?y) ("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps) ("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500' " ?npbs) (part_of ?npbs ?y) (part_of ?nps ?x) (part_of ?nps ?npbs) (forall (?npbss) (if (and ("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss) (part_of ?npbss ?npbs) ) (overlaps ?nps ?npbss) )))))) RO:0002101 fly_anatomy.ontology fasciculates_with fasciculates_with fasciculates with fasciculates_with Relation between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that chemically synapses to it. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that has_part some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) synapsed_by RO:0002103 synapsed by synapsed_by A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Ib bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061176 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))) RO:0002105 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_via_type_Ib_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_Ib_bouton_to Expands to: has_part some ('type Ib terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))) synapsed_via_type_Ib_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_Ib_bouton_to A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type Is bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))) RO:0002106 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_via_type_Is_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_Is_bouton_to Expands to: has_part some ('type Is terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))) synapsed_via_type_Is_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_Is_bouton_to A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type II bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061175 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))) RO:0002107 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_via_type_II_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_II_bouton_to Expands to: has_part some ('type II terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))) synapsed_via_type_II_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_II_bouton_to Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type II bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061174 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type II terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))) synapsed_by_via_type_II_bouton Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Ib bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061176 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type Ib terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))) synapsed_by_via_type_Ib_bouton Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland synapsed in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ( http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045211 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ( http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0045202 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y)) has postsynaptic terminal in Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type Is bouton. David Osumi-Sutherland Marta Costa BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type Is terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))) synapsed_by_via_type_Is_bouton Relation between a neuron and some structure (e.g.- a brain region) in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. synapses in <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?) has presynaptic terminal in A relation between a motor neuron and a muscle that it synapses to via a type III bouton. BFO_0000051 some (GO_0061177 that BFO_0000051 some (that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0097467 that BFO_0000051 some ( that BFO_0000050 some ?Y)))) RO:0002114 fly_anatomy.ontology synapsed_via_type_III_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_III_bouton_to Expands to: has_part some ('type III terminal button' that has_part some ('pre-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('post-synaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y)))) synapsed_via_type_III_bouton_to synapsed_via_type_III_bouton_to Relation between a muscle and a motor neuron that synapses to it via a type III bouton. BFO_0000051 some (GO_0042734 that BFO_0000050 some (GO_0045202 that BFO_0000051 some (GO_0097467 that BFO_0000051 some GO_0045211 that BFO_0000050 some ?Y))) Expands to: has_part some ('presynaptic membrane' that part_of some ('synapse' that has_part some ('type III terminal button' that has_part some 'postsynaptic membrane' that part_of some ?Y))))) synapsed_by_via_type_III_bouton Relation between a neuron and an anatomical structure (including cells) that it chemically synapses to. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042734> that part_of some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045211> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) synapsed_to RO:0002120 N1 synapsed_to some N2 Expands to: N1 SubclassOf ( has_part some ( ‘pre-synaptic membrane ; GO:0042734’ that part_of some ( ‘synapse ; GO:0045202’ that has_part some ( ‘post-synaptic membrane ; GO:0045211’ that part_of some N2)))) synapsed to synapsed_to A general relation between a neuron and some structure in which it either chemically synapses to some target or in which it receives (chemical) synaptic input. David Osumi-Sutherland has synapse in <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?) has synaptic terminal in x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 fly_anatomy.ontology overlaps overlaps overlaps overlaps true The relation between a neuron projection bundle and a neuron projection that is fasciculated with it. David Osumi-Sutherland has fasciculating component (forall (?x ?y) (iff (has_fasciculating_neuron_projection ?x ?y) (exists (?nps ?npbs) (and ("neuron projection bundle ; CARO_0001001" ?x) ("neuron projection ; GO0043005" ?y) ("neuron projection segment ; CARO_0001502" ?nps) ("neuron projection bundle segment ; CARO_0001500" ?npbs) (part_of ?nps ?y) (part_of ?npbs ?x) (part_of ?nps ?npbs) (forall (?npbss) (if (and ("neuron projection bundle subsegment ; CARO_0001501" ?npbss) (part_of ?npbss ?npbs) ) (overlaps ?nps ?npbss) )))))) RO:0002132 fly_anatomy.ontology has_fasciculating_neuron_projection has_fasciculating_neuron_projection has fasciculating neuron projection has_fasciculating_neuron_projection Relation between a 'neuron projection bundle' and a region in which one or more of its component neuron projections either synapses to targets or receives synaptic input. T innervates some R Expands_to: T has_fasciculating_neuron_projection that synapse_in some R. David Osumi-Sutherland <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002132> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043005> that (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002131> some (<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045202> that <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050> some Y?))) RO:0002134 fly_anatomy.ontology innervates innervates innervates innervates X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. David Osumi-Sutherland connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) RO:0002150 fly_anatomy.ontology continuous_with continuous_with continuous with continuous_with FMA:85972 x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) RO:0002151 fly_anatomy.ontology partially_overlaps partially_overlaps partially overlaps partially_overlaps a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b RO:0002170 fly_anatomy.ontology connected_to connected_to connected to connected_to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002177 fly_anatomy.ontology attached_to_part_of attached_to_part_of attached to part of attached_to_part_of true w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan RO:0002202 fly_anatomy.ontology develops_from develops_from This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops_from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan RO:0002203 fly_anatomy.ontology develops_into develops_into develops into develops_into 'neural crest cell' SubClassOf expresses some 'Wnt1 gene' x expressed in y if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and the transcription of x is part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product such as a protein, and x was translated or otherwise processes from a transcript that was transcribed as part of this gene expression process Chris Mungall expressed in Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland has developmental precursor FBbt RO:0002207 fly_anatomy.ontology develops_directly_from develops_directly_from TODO - add child relations from DOS develops_directly_from directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into process(P1) regulates process(P2) iff: P1 results in the initiation or termination of P2 OR affects the frequency of its initiation or termination OR affects the magnitude or rate of output of P2. We use 'regulates' here to specifically imply control. However, many colloquial usages of the term correctly correspond to the weaker relation of 'causally upstream of or within' (aka influences). Consider relabeling to make things more explicit Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false RO:0002211 external regulates regulates regulates regulates Process(P1) negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 terminates P2, or P1 descreases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) RO:0002212 external negatively_regulates negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates Process(P1) postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 initiates P2, or P1 increases the the frequency of initiation of P2 or the magnitude or rate of output of P2. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) RO:0002213 external positively_regulates positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". RO:0002215 fly_anatomy.ontology capable_of capable_of capable of capable_of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in RO:0002216 fly_anatomy.ontology capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable_of_part_of true Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y Chris Mungall RO:0002225 fly_anatomy.ontology develops_from_part_of develops_from_part_of develops from part of develops_from_part_of p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has input Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue Chris Mungall part of developmental precursor of Inverse of 'expressed in' Chris Mungall RO:0002292 fly_anatomy.ontology expresses expresses expresses expresses cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect cjm holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x decreases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of characteristic of part of true A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of true holds between two entities when some genome-level process such as gene expression is involved. This includes transcriptional, spliceosomal events. These relations can be used between either macromolecule entities (such as regions of nucleic acid) or between their abstract informational counterparts. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the genome of an organism genomically related to c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively regulated by inverse of has input Chris Mungall input of Chris Mungall http://neurolex.org/wiki/Property:DendriteLocation has dendrite location a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a Chris Mungall attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) RO:0002371 fly_anatomy.ontology attached_to attached_to attached to attached_to x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately causally downstream of This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q if and only if p precedes q and p and q are linked in a causal chain Chris Mungall causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff both (a) p immediately precedes q and (b) p is causally upstream of q. In addition, the output of p must be an input of q. Chris Mungall immediately causally upstream of p 'causally upstream or within' q iff (1) the end of p is before the end of q and (2) the execution of p exerts some causal influence over the outputs of q; i.e. if p was abolished or the outputs of p were to be modified, this would necessarily affect q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0915 Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall RO:0002473 fly_anatomy.ontology composed_primarily_of composed_primarily_of composed primarily of composed_primarily_of Chris Mungall is kinase activity See notes for inverse relation Chris Mungall RO:0002485 fly_anatomy.ontology receives_input_from receives_input_from receives input from receives_input_from This is an exploratory relation. The label is taken from the FMA. It needs aligned with the neuron-specific relations such as has postsynaptic terminal in. Chris Mungall sends output to A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one of direct activation or direct inhibition. p may be upstream, downstream, part of or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to Process(P1) directly regulates process(P2) iff: P1 regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly regulates P2. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent Process(P1) directly postively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 positively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding positively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly positively regulates P2. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates Process(P1) directly negatively regulates process(P2) iff: P1 negatively regulates P2 via direct physical interaction between an agent executing P1 (or some part of P1) and an agent executing P2 (or some part of P2). For example, if protein A has protein binding activity(P1) that targets protein B and this binding negatively regulates the kinase activity (P2) of protein B then P1 directly negatively regulates P2. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input and/or output synapses in that region. 2020-07-17T09:26:52Z RO:0013001 has synaptic input or output in fly_anatomy.ontology has_synaptic_IO_in has_synaptic_IO_in has synaptic IO in region has_synaptic_IO_in A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input synapses in that region. 2020-07-17T09:42:23Z RO:0013002 fly_anatomy.ontology receives_synaptic_input_in_region receives_synaptic_input_in_region receives synaptic input in region receives_synaptic_input_in_region A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of output synapses in that region. 2020-07-17T09:45:06Z RO:0013003 fly_anatomy.ontology sends_synaptic_output_to_region sends_synaptic_output_to_region sends synaptic output to region sends_synaptic_output_to_region A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input and/or output synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion). 2020-07-17T09:52:19Z RO:0013004 fly_anatomy.ontology has_synaptic_IO_throughout has_synaptic_IO_throughout has synaptic IO throughout has_synaptic_IO_throughout A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number of input synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion). 2020-07-17T09:55:36Z RO:0013005 fly_anatomy.ontology receives_synaptic_input_throughout receives_synaptic_input_throughout receives synaptic input throughout receives_synaptic_input_throughout A relationship between a neuron and a region, where the neuron has a functionally relevant number output synapses distributed throughout that region (rather than confined to a subregion). 2020-07-17T09:57:27Z RO:0013006 fly_anatomy.ontology sends_synaptic_output_throughout sends_synaptic_output_throughout sends synaptic output throughout sends_synaptic_output_throughout Relation between a sensory neuron and some structure in which it receives sensory input via a sensory dendrite. 2020-07-20T12:10:09Z RO:0013007 has sensory dendrite location has sensory terminal in has sensory terminal location fly_anatomy.ontology has_sensory_dendrite_in has_sensory_dendrite_in has sensory dendrite in has_sensory_dendrite_in A relationship between an anatomical structure (including cells) and a neuron that has a functionally relevant number of chemical synapses to it. 2021-05-26T08:40:18Z RO:0013008 fly_anatomy.ontology receives_synaptic_input_from_neuron receives_synaptic_input_from_neuron receives synaptic input from neuron receives_synaptic_input_from_neuron A relationship between a neuron and a cell that it has a functionally relevant number of chemical synapses to. 2021-05-26T08:41:07Z RO:0013009 fly_anatomy.ontology sends_synaptic_output_to_cell sends_synaptic_output_to_cell Not restricting range to 'cell' - object may be a muscle containing a cell targeted by the neuron. sends synaptic output to cell sends_synaptic_output_to_cell A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X utilizes Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. Asiyah Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 Bill Duncan A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08 utilizes A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively regulates characteristic X has function Y if and only if X is the bearer of some function that is realized by only Y fly_anatomy.ontology has_function_in This relation has been replaced by capable_of (RO:0002215). obsolete has_function_in true X has function Y if and only if X is the bearer of some function that is realized by only Y FBC:DOS X has function in part of Y if and only if x is the bearer of some function that is realized by only part of some Y fly_anatomy.ontology has_function_in_part_of This relation has been replaced by capable_of_part_of (RO:0002215). obsolete has_function_in_part_of true X has function in part of Y if and only if x is the bearer of some function that is realized by only part of some Y FBC:DOS Instance level: x releases_neurotransmitter y iff:: for some 'neurotransmitter secretion ; GO:0007269' (ns), x has_function_in ns AND ns has_participant y. fly_anatomy.ontology releases_neurotransmitter Relation between a neuron and the neurotransmitter it releases. Made obsolete as not longer in use and not used outside fbbt. Please use a capable_of relationship to some subclass of GO:0007269 obsolete releases_neurotransmitter true Instance level: x releases_neurotransmitter y iff:: for some 'neurotransmitter secretion ; GO:0007269' (ns), x has_function_in ns AND ns has_participant y. FBC:DOS Instance level: x secretes_hormone y iff:: for some 'hormone secretion ; GO:0046879' (hs), x has_function_in hs AND hs has_participant y. fly_anatomy.ontology secretes_hormone Relation between a secretory cell or gland and the hormone it secretes. Made obsolete as not longer in use and not used outside fbbt. Please use a capable_of relationships to some relevant GO term for hormone secretion. If GO doesn't have a term for secretion of the hormone in querstion, please request one. obsolete secretes_hormone true Instance level: x secretes_hormone y iff:: for some 'hormone secretion ; GO:0046879' (hs), x has_function_in hs AND hs has_participant y. FBC:DOS AS-C T8 AS-C T8ase AS-T8 ASC Ase Asense CG3258 EG:165H7.2 T1 T1A T1a T8 as-T8 ascT8 asense bHLHc28 sc/T8 ase BAM Bag of Marbles Bag of marbles Bag-of-Marbles Bag-of-marbles Bam Bam-C BamC BamF CG10422 alpha bag of marble bag of marbles bag-of-marbles fs(3)neo61 ham transcript alpha bam BMPER CG15671 CT35855 CV2 Crossveinless 2 Cv 2 Cv-2 Cv2 crossveinless 2 crossveinless-2 cv 2 cv2 cv-2 0495/20 0926/11 1053/14 1119/09 1304/03 1423/11 1440/11 1485/04 C1 CG3619 CT12133 Complementation group 1 D D1 DL Delta Deltal E(ls)2 EC3-5 Overflow anon-WO0118547.269 delta delta D1 dl dmDelta l(3)05151 l(3)92Ab l(3)j8C3 Dl BMP Bmp CG9885 DPP DPP-C Decapentaplegic Decapentaplegic/Bone Morphogenetic Protein Dm-DPP DmDPP Dpp Dpp/TGFbeta Haplo-insufficient Hin-d M(2)23AB M(2)LS1 TGF-b TGF-beta TGFbeta Tegula Tg Tgfbeta blink blk bone morphogenetic protein bone morphogenic protein decapentaplegic heldout ho l(2)10638 l(2)22Fa l(2)k17036 shortvein shv dpp BcDNA:RH46857 CCK CG18090 DSK DSK I DSK II DSK-0 DSK-1 DSK-2 DSK-I Drm-SK Drm-SK-0 Drm-SK-1 Drm-SK-2 DrmSK-I DrmSK-II Drosophila sulfakinin Drososulfakinin Drosulfakinin Drosulfakinin 1 Drosulfakinin 2 SK SK-0 Sulfakinin cholecystokinin-like drosulfakinin drosulfakinins dsk sulfakinin sulfakinin-0 Dsk CG11094 DSX DSXF DSXM Dmdsx Doublesex Dsx Hermaphrodite Hr double sex doublesex dsxF dsxM intersex-62c ix-62c dsx CG1765 CG8347 DEcR Dhr23 DmEcR ECR ECR-C EcR-A EcR-B EcR-B1 EcR1b EcRA EcRB EcRB-1 EcRB1 EcRC EcdR Ecdyson Receptor 1b Ecdysone Receptor Ecdysone receptor Ecdysone-R Ecr Ecr1B EcrB1 NR1H1 USP Usp anon-WO0229075.1 dECR dmEcR ecdysone receptor ecdysone receptor complex ecdysone-Receptor ecdysteroid receptor ecdysterone receptor ecr lie long island expressway male sterile(2)42A ms(2)06410 ms(2)42A snaggletooth snt EcR CG5400 DMEHAB Drm-EH EH EHAB Eclosion hormone eclosion hormone eh Eh 153867_at Apa Apigmented abdomen CG9015 EN ENGRAILED En EnR Eng Engr Engrailed Engrailed/Invected Erased Es Invected V en1 engrailed spa2 sparse SGPs 2 spermatheca spt transcript group V vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein en 10.5 10.9 14.10 20.35 CG2328 Complementation group F Dm-eve E(eve) EVE EVEN-SKIPPED Eve Even Even Skipped Even skipped Even-Skipped Even-skipped Evenskipped F Group V Group VI V VI dm-eve eve PRE/TRE element eve2 even even skipped even-skiped even-skipped evenskip evenskipped l(2)46CFg l(2)46CFh l(2)46CFj l(2)46CFp l(2)46Ce l(2)46Cg lethal(2)46Ce eve CG5803 FAS III FAS3 FASIII Fas Fas III Fas-3 Fas-III FasIII FascIII Fascicilin III Fasciclin Fasciclin 3 Fasciclin III Fasciclin-3 Fasciclin-III Fasciclin3 FasciclinIII Fascilin III Fasiciclin III Fasicilin III Fasiclin III FsciclinIII fas III fas-III fas3 fasIII fascIII fasciclin 3 fasciclin III fasciclin3 fasciclinIII fascilin III fasiclin III Fas3 CG10034 DM13 Dmaf PL3 TJ Tj Traffic Jam Traffic jam Traffic-Jam Traffic-jam female sterile(2)eo2 fs(2)eo-B fs(2)eo2 fs(2)eoPL3 maf-L maf1 traffic jam tj CG15009 CT34862 Ecdysone-inducible gene L2 GH28 IMP-L2 IMPL2 Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 Imaginal morphogenesis protein-late 2 Imp-12 Imp-L2 ImpL-2 Impl2 ecdysone-inducible gene L2 imaginal morphogenesis protein-late 2 imp-L2 impL2 neural and ectodermal development factor ImpL2 4B7 BG:DS07851.7 CG3758 D.m.Escargot Escargot Esg Esgargot Fusion-1 br43 dgl double glazed escargot esgargot fleabag flg l(2)07082 l(2)35Ce l(2)4B7 l(2)br43 l(2)esg l35Ce shof shut off wiz wizard esg BG:DS00004.9 CG1264 Dm lab DmLab Dmlab EfR9 F121 F24 F90 F90-2 LAB Lab Labial l(3)01241 l(3)84Ac labial lb lab C23 CG11538 CG6806 DmeLSP2 LHP LSP 2 LSP-2 LSP2 Larval serum protein 2 Larval serum protein-2 Lsp-2 Protein-1 Pt-1 larval serum protein 2 larval-hemolymph-protein Lsp2 CG1689 LZ Lozenge Lz amx fs(1)A1569 fs(1)M69 lozenge spe spectacled lz BG:DS02740.1 CG4965 Cdc25 TWINE Twe Twine cdc25 l(2)35Fh mat(2)syn-A mat(2)synHB5 mat(2)syn[HB5] twine twn twe CG3851 ODD ODD-SKIPPED Odd Odd Skipped Odd skipped Odd-Skipped Odd-skipped l(2)01863 odd paired odd skipped odd-skipped oddskipped ods odd CG2647 Clk Clock EG:155E2.4 PER PERIOD Per Per-2 Period clk-6 clock-6 dPER dPer dmper dper dperiod mel_per period period clock protein per CG10888 DMELRH3 Dm Rh3 RH3 Rh Rhodopsin Rhodopsin 3 Rhodopsin3 rh3 rhodopsin Rh3 CG9668 DMELRH4 Dm Rh4 RH4 Rh Rhodopsin Rhodopsin 4 Rhodopsin4 rh4 rhodopsin rhodopsin 4 Rh4 BG:DS00180.13 CG8930 CT25644 DLGR-2 DLGR2 DLgr2 Dlgr2 Glycoprotein hormone receptor II LGR2 Lgr2 Rickets Rk dLGR2 dlgr2 dlgr2/rk glycoprotein hormone receptor II glycoprotein-hormone-receptor-II leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 2 lgr2 rickets rk/CG8930 rk CG9224 Chordin Dm sog SOG Short Gastrulation Short gastrulation Sog l(1)G0160 l(1)G0395 l(1)G0479 short gastrulation short of gastrulation short-gastrulation sog A-box-binding factor A7.1 ABF Abf CG3992 DmGATAb GATA GATAb SERPENT SRP Serpent Srp abf dGATAb l(3)01549 l(3)89B2 l(3)neo45 serpent serpentD spt srpD srp 0005/12 0042/01 0106/18 0114/20 0351/01 0598/01 0861/07 BcDNA:GH08189 CG11502 CG18158 NR2F3 SEVEN-UP SVP SVP-1 SVP1 Seven Up Seven up Seven-Up Seven-up Sevenup Svp ck16 complementation group 7 don down-and-out l(3)07842 l(3)87Bd l(3)ck16 l(3)j2E2 l(3)rA028 l(3)rL069 seven up seven-up sevenup svp CG15779 Dmel5a GR5A GR5a GRLU.7 Gr5 Gr5A1 GrLU7 Gustatory receptor 5a Gustatory receptor LU.7 LU.7 Tre Trehalose sensitivity Trehalose-sensitivity gustatory receptor 5a han tre trehalose receptor Gr5a CG1374 T shirt T-shirt TSH Teashirt Tsh ae ae[l] aeroplane l(2)04319 l(2)B4-2-12 teashirt tsh CG7171 Dm UO OU UO UOX URO Uo Urate oxidase anon-WO0140519.210 urate oxidase uro Uro CG3830 VG Vestgial Vestigial Vg vestigal vestigial vg21 vg CG12154 OC Oc Ocelliless Orthodenticle Otd Otx l(1)7Ff l(1)8Ac oc2 ocelliless ort orthodentical orthodenticle otd uvi uvi-insensitive oc BcDNA:GH10590 CG11387 CT CUT Ct Cut cut kf kinked-femur l(1)7Ba l(1)7Bb l(1)VE614 ct CG7936 MEX Midgut expression 1 midgut expression 1 mex1 ADKH AKH AKH1 Adipokinetic Hormone Adipokinetic hormone Adipokinetic hormone-like CG1171 Drm-AKH DrmAKH Hrth Hypertrehaloseaemic-hormone adipo- kinetic hormone adipokinetic hormone akh dAKH dAkh Akh 0244/09 0320/10 0441/16 0451/09 0563/18 0585/13 0664/07 0671/02 0763/13 0989/01 1135/07 1135/09 1167/13 1316/02 671/2 BcDNA:HL08040 CG17228 DMPROSPER DROPROSA PROS PROS-1 PROS-2 Pro Pros Prosp Prospero Voila a la voile et a la vapeur anon-WO0140519.15 l(3)10419 l(3)j12C8 l(3)j6E2 l(3)rH013 l(3)rI160 l(3)rJ806 l(3)rK137 l(3)rK204 l(3)rL433 l(3)rO534 pro prosp prospero voila pros CG1322 ZFH-1 ZFH1 ZFh1 Zfh-1 Zfh1 Zfh1a Zinc Finger Homeodomain 1 Zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1 Zn finger homeodomain 1 Zn homeodomain 1 l(3)00865 zfh-1 zfl-1 zhf1 zinc finger homeodomain 1 zinc finger homeodomain protein-1 zinc finger homeodomain-1 zinc-finger homeobox gene zinc-finger homeodomain protein 1 zinc-finger homeodomain1 zfh1 CG4637 Dmhh HH Hedgehog Hedghog Hg Hh Mir Mirabile Moonrat Mrt PKC anon-WO0134654.19 anon-WO0182946.19 atypical bar bar-3 bar-on-3 bar3 hedgehog hg l(3)hh l(3)neo56 l(3)neo57 hh BTB-VI BTB-protein-VI BtbVI CG14307 CG7688 CG7689 CG7690 CT22773 Dmfru FRU FRU-PI Fru Fruitless cg7688 cg7689 fru-satori fruC fruitless fruity fry fty ms(3)06411 sat satori fru 0483/09 0716/08 0899/14 0953/08 1002/10 1034/02 1050/13 1110/04 1111/10 1330/08 1479/04 CG7771 S8 SIM Sim Single minded Single-minded Singled-minded bHLHe16 l(3)87Ea l(3)E320 l(3)RD l(3)S8 l(3)s8 schm schmal shm single minded single-minded singleminded sim CG5993 OS Os Outstretched UPD UPD1 Unpaired Unpaired 1 Unpaired/Out-stretched Unpaireds Upd Upd1 l(1)YC43 l(1)YM55 od odsy os outstretched outstretched small eye outstretched-smalleye sis-C sis-c sisC sisterless c small-eye sy unp unpaired unpaired 1 unpaired1 upa upd upd homolog upd1 C/EBP CCAAT/enhancer binding protein CG4354 DC/EBP DM8 Dm-c/EBP DmC/EBP SLBO Slbo Slow Border Cells Slow border cells fs(2)7 fs(2)8 fs(2)ry7 fs(2)ry8 slobo slow border cells slbo CG7503 CON CT1840 Connectin Ubx-t35 anon-64C con conn connectin transcript-35 Con CG8938 DmGST-2 DmGST2 DmGSTS1 DmGSTS1-1 DmGst-2 DmGstS1-1 Est2 GST GST S1 GST-2 GST-S1 GST2 GSTII GSTS1 Glutathione S transferase 2 Glutathione S transferase S1 Glutathione S-transferase Glutathione S-transferase 2 Glutathione S-transferase S1 Glutathione-S-Transferase 2 Gst2 GstS1-1 S1 glutathione S-transferase-2 glutathione S-transferase-S1 glutathione transferase-related protein glutathione-S-transferase glutathione-S-transferase (GST) S1 gst gstD2 gsts1 l(2)04227 l(2)k08805 lincRNA.330 n(2)06253 GstS1 CG10119 DmC G intermediate filament G-IF LAMC Lamin C Lamin-C LaminC lamC lamin lamin A lamin C lamin DmC laminC pG-IF LamC ATO At Ato Atonal CG7508 ato1 ato[Dm] atona atonal bHLHa10 ato CG4698 DWnt-4 DWnt4 Dm DWnt4 Dwnt-4 Dwnt4 WNT4 Wnt Wnt oncogene analog 4 Wnt-4 anon-EST:Liang-2.4 clone 2.4 dWnt4 wnt-4 wnt4 Wnt4 CG6440 DMS Dm-MS Dms Drm-MS Drm-myosuppressin Drome-MS Dromyosuppressin FLRFa MEMS MS Myosuppressin Nems Neomyosuppressin TDVDHVFLRFamide cg6440 dms dromyosuppressin myosuppressin Ms 3702 AbRK2 Antibody RK2 CG31240 CG8045(CT24072) CT24072 REPO RK2 Repo Reversed Polarity Reversed polarity l(3)03702 reverse polarity reversed polarity rk2 repo Bra Brachyenteron Brachyury Byn CG7260 D-TRA D-Trg DTrg Dm-BYN T related antigen T-related gene Tra Trg apro aproctous brachyenteron brachyury byn/apro dm-Trg trg byn CG8348 CRF CRF-like diuretic hormone CRF-like peptide DH DH 44 DH-44 DH44 DH[[44]] Dh Diuretic hormone Diuretic hormone 44 Drm-DH Drome-DH[[44]] diuretic hormone diuretic hormone 44 drome-DH44 Dh44 CG13687 PTTH Prothoracicotropic hormone phm prothoracicotopic hormone prothoracicotropic hormone ptth Ptth CG12296 KLU Klu Klumpfuss P09036 klumpfuss klumphuss l(3)09036 l(3)10052 klu CG3302 COR CORZ CRZ Cora Corazonin Dm-Crz Drm-COR cor corazonin crz preprocorazonin Crz CG5279 DMELRH5 Dm Rh5 RH5 Rh Rhodopsin Rhodopsin 5 Rhodopsin5 rh5 rhodopsin rhodopsin 5 rhodopsin-5 Rh5 CG4609 FAX Failed Axonal Connections Failed axon connections Fax anon-EST:Liang-1.34 anon-WO0172774.62 anon-WO0172774.63 anon-WO0172774.65 anon-WO0172774.66 anon-WO0172774.67 anon-WO0172774.68 anon-WO0172774.69 clone 1.34 fac failed axon connections fax CG12245 GCM GCM1 GCMa Gcm N7-4 glia cells missing glial cell deficient glial cell missing glial cells missing glial cells-missing glide glide glide2 glide/gcm l(2)N7-4 ucc upper class chordotonals gcm CG10601 DH1 De1 De3 Group F IRO-C Iro Iro-C IroC Iroquis complex Iroquois MIRR Mirr Mirror Mrr Sai Sail caupalican cre crep crepuscule group F iro iro-C iroquois l(3)69Ca l(3)69Da l(3)6D1 l(3)A5-3-42 mir mirror mrr mirr Bruchpilot CG3234 Ritsu TIM TIMELESS Tim Tim-1 Timeless dTIM dTim dtim dtimeless mel_tim rit ritsu s-tim tim1 timeless timeless1 tim CG10758 CG17348 DRL Derailed Drl derailed lin linotte lio lio/drl lionette drl ALLS AS ASA AST AST-1 AST-3 AST-4 AST-A Allatostatin Allatostatin A Allatostatin A1 Allatostatin A2 Allatostatin A3 Allatostatin A4 Allatostatin Diploptera-type Ast Ast-A AstA-1 AstA-2 AstA-3 AstA-4 AstA1 AstA2 AstA4 BcDNA:RE16553 CG13633 DAP DAP-A DST-1A DST-2A DST-3A DST-4A Drm-AST-1 Drm-AST-2 Drm-AST-3 Drm-AST-4 Drm-AST-A Drostatin-A1 Drostatin-A2 Drostatin-A3 Drostatin-A4 FGLa-type allatostatin allatostatin allatostatin A allatostatin A-1 allatostatin-A allatostatin-A-like allatostatin-A4 ast drostatin-A1 drostatin-A2 drostatin-A3 drostatin-A4 AstA CG5192 DMELRH6 Dm Rh6 R8 R8 rhodopsin RH6 Rh Rhodopsin Rhodopsin 6 Rhodopsin6 rh6 rhodopsin rhodopsin 6 rhodopsin-6 Rh6 BG:DS06238.1 CG3478 Drifter PPK PPK1 Pickpocket Pickpocket1 Ppk dfr dmdNaC1 dmdNaCl mdNaC1 multidendritic neurons sodium channel 1 pickpocket pickpocket 1 pickpocket1 pkt ppk1 ppk 0837/10 C CG18485 CG31317 CG3375 DOF Dof Dof/stumps/heartbroken Downstream of FGF Downstream of FGF receptor Downstream of FGFR Downstream of FGFR/Heartbroken/Stumps Downstream-of-FGFR Hbr Hbr/Dof Heartbroken P1740 Stumps anon-EST:CL47 anon-estC dof dof/hbr dof/hbr/sms dof1 downstream of FGF receptor downstream of FGFR downstream-of-FGF receptor gene C hbr heartbroken heartbroken/dof i21 i28 l(3)09904 l(3)S083710 sms stumps stumps/dof stumps 1210 CG1201 CG1210 DSTPK61 Dstpk61 PDK PDK-1 PDK1 PDK1/Pk61C PK61C Pdpk1 Phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1 Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 Pk61C Pk61C/PDK1 Pk61c/PDK1 Protein kinase 61C dPDK dPDK-1 dPDK1 dPdk1 dSTPK61 pdk1 pdpk1 phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 pk61c protein kinase 61C serine/threonine protein kinase Pdk1 CG8667 DIMM DIMMED Dimm Dimmed Mist 1-related Mistr bHLHa16 c929 dim dimmed dimm BcDNA:RH08487 CG6496 Drm-PDF Drm-PDH Drm-pdf PAP PDF PDF C7 PDF-associated peptide PDF-precursor PDF-associated peptide PDH PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR Pigment Dispersing Factor Pigment dispersing factor Pigment-Dispersing Factor Pigment-dispersing factor Pigment-dispersing hormone Pigment-dispersing hormone-like peptide anon-WO0140519.261 anon-WO0140519.3 cPDH pdf pigment dispersing factor pigment dispersing hormone pigment dispersion factor pigment-dispersing factor pigment-dispersing hormone Pdf 2F.1 2a AN4 CG3206 DOR2F.1 DOR62 Dor62 EG:30B8.7 Odorant receptor 2a Odorant receptor 62 Olfactory receptor 2F.1 Or2F.1 Or62 dor62 or2a Or2a CG18455 D-Six3 Dsix3 OPTIX Optix Six3 anon-WO0153538.79 opt optix opx six3 Optix BAB BAB2 BTB-II BTB-protein-II Bab2 Bric a brac Bric a brac II Bric-a-brac 2 BtbII CG13911 CG9102 bab bab-II bric a brac bric a brac 2 bric a brac II bric-a-brac bric-a-brac 2 bric-a-brac-2 bric-a-brac2 bab2 AKH R AKH receptor AKH-R AKHR Adipokinetic Hormone Receptor Adipokinetic hormone receptor Akh-R AkhR/GRHR Akhr Akhr/GRHR BEST:GH19447 CG11325 DAKHR DAKHR-1 DGRHR Drm-AKH receptor-1 GRHR GRHR/CG11325 GnRHR Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor adipokinetic hormone receptor akhr gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor hormone receptor AkhR Blue-light receptor CG3772 CRY CRYPTOCHROME Cry Crypochrome Cryptochrome DCry Dm-CRY1 DmCRY DmCRY1 DmCry DmCry1 Dmcry anon-WO0140519.17 anon-WO0140519.19 anon-WO0140519.20 anon-WO0172774.15 cry1 cryb crybaby cryptochrome dCRY dCry dcry cry BEST:CK01577 CG12789 CK01577 SANTA-MARIA Santa Maria santa maria scavenger receptor acting in neural tissue and majority of rhodopsin is absent santa-maria CG3346 PON Partner Of Numb Partner of Numb Partner of numb Pon partner of numb pon 59D.1 59a AN6 CG9820 DOR46 DOR59D.1 OR59a Odorant receptor 59a Olfactory receptor 59D.1 Or46 Or59D.1 dor46 Or59a 47E.2 47b CG13206 DOR25 DOR47E.2 DmOr47b OR 47b OR47b Odorant receptor 47b Olfactory receptor 47E.2 Or47E.2 or47b Or47b 47E.1 47a AN10 CG13225 DOR24 DOR47E.1 OR47a Odorant receptor 47a Olfactory receptor 47E.1 Or24 Or47E.1 dor24 or47a Or47a 46F.1 46a 46b AN8 AN9 CG17848 CG17849 CG33478 DOR19 DOR20 DOR46F.1 DOR46F.2 DmelOR46a OR46a Odorant receptor 46a Odorant receptor 46b Olfactory receptor 46F.1 Olfactory receptor 46F.2 Or19 Or46B Or46F.1 Or46F.2 Or46aA Or46aB Or46aa Or46b dor19 Or46a 43B.1 43B1 43a AN14 CG1854 DOR43B.1 DOR43a DOR87 Dor87 OR43a Odorant receptor 43a Odorant receptor 87 Olfactory receptor 43B.1 Or Or43A Or43B.1 Or87 dor87 or43a Or43a 33B.3 33c AN2 CG5006 DOR33B.3 DOR71 Odorant receptor 33c Olfactory receptor 33B.3 Or33B.3 Or71 dor71 Or33c 33B.2 33b AN1 CG16961 DOR33B.2 DOR72 Odorant receptor 33b Olfactory receptor 33B.2 Or33B.2 Or72 dor72 Or33b 33B.1 33a AN3 CG16960 DOR33B.1 DOR73 Odorant receptor 33a Olfactory receptor 33B.1 Or33B.1 Or73 dor73 Or33a 25A.1/43 43b AN7 CG17853 DOR25A.1 DOR81 OR43b Odorant receptor 43b Olfactory receptor 25A.1 Or25A.1 Or43b 24D.1 24a CG11767 DOR24D.1 DOR48 Odorant receptor 24a Olfactory receptor 24D.1 Or24D.1 Or24a 23A.1 23a AN5 CG9880 DOR23A.1 DOR64 DOR64, AN5 Dor64 Odorant receptor 23a Odorant receptor 64 Olfactory receptor 23A.1 Or23A.1 Or64 dor64 or23a Or23a 22C.1 22c CG15377 DOR16 DOR22C.1 Odorant receptor 22c Olfactory receptor 22C.1 Or22C.1 Or22c 22A.2 22b AN12 CG4231 DOR22A.2 DOR22b DOR67 Dmel Or22b Dor67 OR22b Odorant receptor 22b Odorant receptor 67 Olfactory receptor 22A.2 Or22 Or22A.2 Or22a/b Or67 dOr22b dor67 or22b Or22b 22A.1 22a AN11 CG12193 DOR22A.1 DOR22a DOR53 DmOr22a Dmel Or22a Dmel22a Dor53 OR22a Odorant receptor 22a Odorant receptor 53 Olfactory receptor 22A.1 Or22 Or22A.1 Or22a/b Or53 dOr22a dor53 Or22a 85B.1 85e CG9700 CR9700 DOR104 DOR85e Dor104 OR55 OR85e Odorant receptor 104 Odorant receptor 85e Or104 dor104 Or85e CG10342 Dm-NPF DmNPF Drm-NPF NP-PP NPF-A1 NPF-A2 NPF/NPY NPF89D3 NPY-like neuropeptide F Neuropeptide F Neuropeptide F 1 Npf dNPF dnpf long neuropeptide F neuropeptide F neuropeptide-F npf sNPF NPF CG16785 DFz3 Dfrizzled-3 Dfz3 Dm Fz3 EG:34F3.6 Frizzled 3 Fz3 dFrizzled3 dFz3 dfz3 frizzled 3 frizzled3 fz3 CG7758 l(3)00217 l(3)78Cb pumpless ppl CG6371 Drm-MT2 Drm-PK-2 HUG HUGIN HUGgamma Hug-PK Hug-gamma Hugin Hugin PK Hugin-PK-2 Hugin-gamma Hugin-pyrokinin PK-2 Pyrokinin SVPFKPRLamide hug hug gamma hug-1 hug-2 hug-PK hug-gamma hugg huggamma hugin hugin gamma huginPK pyrokinin pyrokinin-2 pyrokinin/PBAN-like Hug CG13480 DLK Drm-KIN Drosokinin Kinin LCK LK Leucokinin Leucokinin-1 Leucokinin-like Leuk Leukokinin drosokinin kinin leuc leucokinin leucokinin precursor leukokinin leukokinin neuropeptide lk myokinin-like pp Lk CG31770 Gustav H2 Hemes Hemese he hem hemes hemese He BG:DS09218.5 CG17330 DmJHAMT JAHMT JHAMT JHamt Jhamt Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyl Transferase Juvenile Hormone Acid O-Methyltransferase Juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase Juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase jhamt 35a 36E.1 BACR44L22.5 BG:BACR44L22.5 CG17868 DOR91 OR35a Odorant receptor 35a Or35a 49D.1 49b AN13 CG17584 DOR105 Odorant receptor 49b Or-49b Or49b 1A.1 1a CG17885 DOR68 OR1a Odorant receptor 1a Or1a CG12731 CG16752 DrmSPR SP receptor Sex peptide Receptor Sex peptide receptor Spr sex peptide receptor spr SPR 7D.1 7a CG10759 DOR30 DmOR7a DmelOr7a OR7a Odorant receptor 7a Or7A Or7a 9E.1 9a CG15302 DOR95 DmOr9a OR9a Odorant receptor 9a or9a Or9a 10B.1 10a CG17867 DOR92 Gr10a OR10a Odorant receptor 10a odorant receptor 10a Or10a 145098_at CG9057 DmPLIN2 LSD LSD-2 LSD2 LSP-2 Lipid Storage Droplet 2 Gene Lipid Storage Droplet protein 2 Lipid storage droplet 2 Lipid storage droplet-2 Lipid-storage Droplet-2 Lsd2 PLIN2 Perilipin2 Plin2 dPlin2 dmPLIN2 lipid storage droplet 2 lipid storage droplet-2 lsd-2 lsd2 perilipin perilipin-2 plin2 Lsd-2 13F.1 13a CG12697 DOR38 OR13a Odorant receptor 13a dOr13a or13a Or13a CG4805 PPK-28 PPK28 Ppk28 pickpocket 28 ppk-28 ppk28 CG15064 Holes in Muscles Holes in muscle him holes-in-muscle Him 21a CG2657 CT8983 DmelIR21a IR21a Ionotropic receptor 21a ionotropic receptor 21a ir21a Ir21a CG4971 D-Wnt-10 DWnt-10 DWnt10 Dm DWnt10 Dwnt-10 Dwnt10 Wnt oncogene analog 10 wnt10 Wnt10 CG13094 Calcitonin Calcitonin-like diuretic hormone (31 residues) DH 31 DH-II DH31 DH[31] DH[[31] DH[[31]] Dh[[31]] Diuretic Hormone 31 Diuretic hormone 31 Drm-DH[[31]] Drome-DH[[31]] anon-EST:Posey114 anon-WO02059370.45 dh31 diuretic Hormone 31 diuretic hormone diuretic hormone 31 drome-DH31 Dh31 30A.1 30a CG13106 DOR56 Odorant receptor 30a Or30a ASC AST-C ASTC Allatostatin 2 Allatostatin C Allatostatin Manduca-type Ast-C Ast2 BEST:GH06087 BcDNA:RH36507 CG14919 CG149199 DAP-C Drm-AST C Drm-AST-C Drostatin-C FLT Flt M-ASH allatostatin C allatostatin-C ast2 drostatin-C flatline flt gh06087 AstC Atilla CG6579 L1 atilla atilla 38B.2 CG13968 Drm-sNPF Drm-sNPF-1 Drm-sNPF-2 Drm-sNPF-3 Drm-sNPF-4 Drm-sNPF-AP1 LRLRFamide LRLRFamides Neuropeptide F (short) SMALL NEUROPEPTIDE F SNPF Short NPF Short Neuropeptide F Short neuropeptide F lrlrfa precursor of short neuropeptide F s-NPF sNPF precursor sNPF-1 sNPF-1[4-11] sNPF-2 sNPF-2[12-19] sNPF-2s sNPF-3 sNPF-4 sNPF1 sNPF1[1-11] sNPF1[4-11 sNPF2[12-19] sNPF3 short NPF short neuropeptide F short neuropeptide F precursor short neuropeptide F-1 short neuropeptide F1 small neuropeptide F small neuropeptide F-1 small neuropeptide-F snpf sNPF 41E.2 42a CG17250 DOR117 OR42a Odorant receptor 42a Or42A Or42a 41E.1 42b CG12754 DOR118 OR42b Odorant receptor 42b Or42b CG8577 CT8705 PGRP SC PGRP-SC PGRP-SC1 PGRP-SC1B Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC1b Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SC1b precursor SC1B pgrp-sc pgrp-sc1 PGRP-SC1b CG8193 DmePPO2 PO45 PPO Phenoloxidase A3 ProPO45 Prophenoloxidase 2 phenoloxidase subunit A3 ppo2 proPO45 proPOA(3) proPo-A3 prophenoloxidase 45 PPO2 45C.1 45a CG1978 DOR58 Odorant receptor 45a Or45a 45F.1 45b CG12931 DOR107 Odorant receptor 45b Or45b CG8502 Cuticular protein 49Ac Cpr49Ac 49A.1 49a CG13158 DOR10 DmOr49a OR49a Odorant receptor 49a Or49a CG12370 CG13156 CRF-like diuretic hormonereceptor 2 DH-R DH44-R2 DH44R2 DH[[44]]-R2 Dh44 receptor 2 Dh44R2 Diuretic hormone 44 receptor 2 anon-WO0170980.103 anon-WO0170980.104 Dh44-R2 56d CG15904 DmelIR56d IR56d Ionotropic receptor 56d ionotropic receptor 56d Ir56d 56E.1 56a CG12501 DOR59 DmOr56a OR56a Odorant receptor 56a Or-56a odorant receptor 56a Or56a 59E.1 59b CG3569 DOR119 DmOR59B DmOr59b OR59b Odorant receptor 59b Or59B Or59b 59E.2 59c CG17226 DOR120 Odorant receptor 59c Or59c BcDNA:RH09340 CG13565 CG1565 Drm Orcokinin OK OK-A OK-B Orco Orcokinin Orcokinin B orcokinin Orcokinin BcDNA:SD05282 CG13586 CHH-like Drm-ITP DrmITP DrmITPL1 DrmITPL2 ION TRANSPORT PEPTIDE Ion transport peptide Itp chgh ion transport peptide ion transport polypeptide itp ITP CG13936 CNMamide CNMa 63B.1 63a CG9969 DOR28 OR63a Odorant receptor 63a Or63aA Or63a CG14979 DmGr63a GR63a Gr63F1 Gustatory receptor 63F1 Gustatory receptor 63a gr63a Gr63a CG14987 CG33157 Dmel64d GR64d Gr64 Gustatory receptor 64d Gr64d 64a CG10633 CT29782 DmIr64a DmelIR64a IR64A IR64a Ionotropic receptor 64a Ir64 ionotropic receptor 64a ir64a Ir64a CG10626 DLKR Drosokinin receptor Kinin receptor LK-R LKR Leucokinin R Leucokinin receptor LkR anon-WO0131005.17 anon-WO0170980.118 anon-WO0170980.119 dLKR leucokinin receptor lkr Lkr CG7189 GR66A GR66C1 GR66a Gr66 Gr66A Gr66C1 Gustatory receptor 66C1 Gustatory receptor 66a gustatory receptor 66a Gr66a ANKTM1 Anktm1 CG5751 CG5761 CT18073 DmTRPA1 TRPA TRPA1 TrPA1 Transient receptor potential A 1 Transient receptor potential A1 Transient receptor potential cation channel Transient receptor potential cation channel A1 Transient receptor potential cation channel A1 ortholog Trp Trp1A TrpA Trpa1 dANKTM1 dTRPA dTRPA1 dTrpA dTrpA1 dmTRPA1 dtrpA1 transient receptor potential A1 transient-receptor-potential A1 trpA1 trpa1 TrpA1 67B.1 67a CG12526 DOR84 DmOR67a DmOr67a Odorant receptor 67a odorant receptor 67a Or67a 67B.2 67b CG14176 DmOr67b OR67b Odorant receptor 67b Or67b CG8167 DILP DILP 2 DILP-2 DILP2 DILPs Dilp Dilp 2 Dilp-2 Dilp2 Drosophila insulin like peptide 2 Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 Drosophila insulin-like receptor ILP-2 ILP2 ILPs IRP IlP2 Ilp Ilp-2 Insulin- related peptide 2 Insulin-like peptide Insulin-like peptide 2 Insulin-related peptide dILP-2 dILP2 dIlp2 dilp dilp-2 dilp2 dipl2 dlp ilp2 insulin-like 2 insulin-like peptide insulin-like peptide 2 insulin-like peptide-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor Ilp2 67D.1 67c CG14156 DOR77 DmOR67C OR67c Odorant receptor 67c Or67c 67d CG14157 DmOr67d DmelOr67d OR67d Odorant receptor 67d Olfactory receptor 67d Or67d 68a CG6185 CT19410 DmelIR68a IR68a Ionotropic receptor 68a ionotropic receptor 68a Ir68a CG5638 DMELRH7 RH7 Rh Rhodopsin Rhodopsin 7 anon-WO0170980.34 anon-WO0170980.35 rh7 rhodopsin Rh7 CG5842 CT18317 DmNan Iav NAN NANCHUNG Nan Nanchung OCR TRPV nanchung transient receptor potential vanilloid nan 71B.1 71a CG17871 DOR14 DmOr71a DmelOR71a OR71a Odorant receptor 71a Or71aA Or71aD Or71c or71a Or71a 74A.1 74a CG13726 DOR26 OR74a Odorant receptor 74a Or74a ASB AST-B Allatostatin B Allatostatin cricket-type Allostatin B Ast-B AstB AstB-1 AstB/MIP CG6456 DAP-B DmMIP1 DmMIP2 DmMIP3 DmMIP4 DmMIP5 Drm-MIP Drm-MIP-1 Drm-MIP-2 Drm-MIP-3 Drm-MIP-4 Drm-MIP-5 Drostatin-B1 Drostatin-B2 Drostatin-B3 Drostatin-B4 Drostatin-B5 MIP MIP-1 MIP-2 MIP-3 MIP-4 MIP-5 MIP1 MIP2 MIP3 MIP4 MIP5 Mioinhibiting Peptide Precursor Mip-like peptide Myoinhibiting peptide Myoinhibiting peptide precursor Myoinhibitory peptide allatostatin (B-type) allatostatin B allatostatin B-1 allatostatin-B allatostatin-B1 drostatin-B2 mip myoinhibiting peptide myoinhibiting peptide precursor myoinhibitory peptide Mip 75a CG14585 DmIr75a DmelIR75a IR75a IR75abc Ionotropic receptor 75a Ir75abc ionotropic receptor 75a Ir75a 75d CG14076 CT33663 DmelIR75d IR75d Ionotropic receptor 75d ionotropic receptor 75d lr75d Ir75d 83A.1 83a CG10612 DOR44 Odorant receptor 83a Or83a 83D.1 83c CG15581 DOR116 Odorant receptor 83c Or83c 84a CG10101 CT28433 DmelIR84a IR84a Ionotropic receptor 84a ionotropic receptor 84a Ir84a 85A.4 85a CG7454 DOR31 DmOR85A DmOr85a OR85a Odorant receptor 85a Or-85a or85a Or85a 85A.1 85b CG11735 DOR115 DmOR85b DmOr85b OR85b Odorant receptor 85b Or85b 85A.3 85c CG17911 DOR78 OR85c Odorant receptor 85c Or85c 85.2 85A.2 85d CG11742 DOR114 Odorant receptor 85d Or85d CG12952 Sage bHLHc7 salivary gland-expressed bHLH sage 85D.1 85f CG16755 DOR32 DmOr85f OR85f Odorant receptor 85f Or85f CG14734 DTK DTK-1 DTK-2 DTK-3 DTK-4 DTK-5 DTK-6 DTK1 DTk DmTK6 Drm-TK Drm-TK-1 Drm-TK-2 Drm-TK-3 Drm-TK-4 Drm-TK-5 Drm-TK-6 Dtk TAP-5 TK TK-1 Tachykinin Tachykinin 1 Tachykinin 2 Tachykinin 4 Tachykinin 5 Tachykinin-related Tyk dTK dtk neurokinin preprotachykinin tachykinin tachykinin-1 tachykinin-3 tachykinin-6 tachykinin-like peptide Tk BcDNA:RE10132 CCH2 CCHamid2 CCHamide CCHamide 2 CCHamide-2 CCHamide2 CCM CCha2 CG14375 Dm-CCHa2 Drm-CCHamide-2 ccha2 CCHa2 CCH1 CCHA1 CCHamide CCHamide 1 CCHamide-1 CCHamide1 CCM CCha1 CG14358 Dm-CCHa1 Drm-CCHamide-1 ccha1 CCHa1 88A.1 88a CG14360 DOR99 DmOr88a OR88a Odorant receptor 88a or88a Or88a Ammonium transporter CG6499 Amt CG14871 Trissin trissin Trissin 48 related 2 48-related 2 48-related-2 CG5952 bHLHa33 fer2 ferritin 2 Fer2 92a CG15685 DmelIR92a IR92a Ionotropic receptor 92a ionotropic receptor 92a Ir92a 92E.1 92a CG17916 DOR111 OR 92a Odorant receptor 92a Or92A Or92a CCAP prepropeptide CG4910 Cardioacceleratory peptide Ccap Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide Crustacean cardioactive peptide DmCCAP ccap crustacean cardioactive peptide CCAP 94D.1 94a CG17241 DOR108 Odorant receptor 94a Or94a 94D.2 94b CG6679 DOR109 OR94b Odorant receptor 94b anon-JP2002534971-A.31 anon-JP2002534971-A.32 Or94b 94h CG17382 DmelIR94h IR94h Ionotropic receptor 94h ionotropic receptor 94h Ir94h 98B.1 98a CG5540 DOR110 DmOr98a OR98a Odorant receptor 98a Or-98a Or98A Or98a 98C.1 98b CG1867 DOR121 Odorant receptor 98b Or98bP or98b Or98b CAP CAP-2b CAP2B-1 CAP2B-2 CAP2B-3 CAP2B-like CAP2B/pyrokinin CAP2b CAP2b-1 CAP2b-2 CAP2b-3 CAPA CAPA-PK CAPA-PVK-1 CAPA-PVK-2 CAPA-PVK/PK CAP[[2b]] CG15520 CPPB Cap-1 Cap-2 Cap-2b Cap-3 Capa-1 Capa-2 Capa-PK Capability Cardioacceleratory peptide-2b Drm-CAP-1 Drm-CAP-2 Drm-CAP2b/MT Drm-MT Drm-PK Drm-PK-1 Drm-PVK Drm-PVK-1 Drm-PVK-2 Drm-capa-1 Drm-myotropin Drome-capa-1 PVK-2 Periviscerokinin Pyrokinin TGPSASSGLWFGPRLamide cap2b-like capa capa 2 capa-1 capa-2 capa-3 capability cardio acceleratory peptide myotropin myotropin-CAP2b-like pyrokinin pyrokinin-1 pyrokinin-like pyrokinin/PBAN-like Capa 41a CG17587 CG33492 DmelIR41a IR41a Ionotropic receptor 41a ionotropic receptor 41a Ir41a 93F.1 CG13417 GR93 GR93F.1 GR93a Gr93F1 Gustatory receptor 93F.1 Gustatory receptor 93a Gr93a 68D.1 CG7303 GR68D.1 GR68a Gr68D1 Gustatory receptor 68D.1 Gustatory receptor 68a Gr68a 43C.1 43C1 CG1712 DmGr43a GR43C.1 GR43a Gr43C1 Gustatory receptor 43C.1 Gustatory receptor 43a gr43a Gr43a 28A.1 CG13787 GR28A.1 GR28a Gr28A1 Gr28A2 Gustatory receptor 28A.1 Gustatory receptor 28A2 Gustatory receptor 28a Gr28a (GR) 21a 21D.1 CG13948 DmGr21a GR21D.1 GR21D1 GR21a Gr21D1 Gustatory receptor 21D.1 Gustatory receptor 21a gr21a Gr21a 82a CG31519 DOR61 DmOR82A DmOr82a OR82a Odorant receptor 82a Or82a 69F.1 69a 69b CG17902 CG32116 CG33264 DOR82 DOR83 DmOr69a Odorant receptor 69a Odorant receptor 69b Or69A Or69aA Or69aB Or69ab Or69b or69a Or69a 65c CG32403 DOR65 LU27.3 Odorant receptor 65c Or65c 65b CG32402 DOR63 LU27.1 Odorant receptor 65b Or65b 65a CG32401 DOR66 LU27.2 OR65a Odorant receptor 65a odorant receptor 65a Or65a 19A.1 19a CG18859 DOR37 DmOr19a OR19a Odorant receptor 19a Or19a-1 Or19a CG10251 Portabella portabella prt CG14746 PGRP SC PGRP-SC PGRP-SC1 PGRP-SC1A Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC1a Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SC1a precursor pgrp-sc pgrp-sc1 picky PGRP-SC1a CG13317 DILP DILP 7 DILP-7 DILP7 DILPs Dilp Dilp 7 Dilp7 Drosophila insulin-like peptide 7 ILP7 ILPs Ilp Ilp-7 Insulin-like peptide 7 Relaxin dILP7 dIlp7 dilp dilp-7 dilp7 dlp ilp7 insulin-like peptide insulin-like peptide 7 Ilp7 CG14988 CG32258 CG33157 DmGr64e Dmel64e GR64e Gr64 Gr64A2 Gustatory receptor 64A2 Gustatory receptor 64e gr64e Gr64e CG14986 CG32256 Dmel64c GR64c Gr64 Gustatory receptor 64c gr64c Gr64c CG14986 CG32261 Dmel64a GR64a GRLU.3 Gr64 Gr64A1 GrLU3 Gustatory receptor 64a Gustatory receptor LU.3 LU.3 Gr64a 28A3 CG13788 GR28B GR28B(D) GR28b GRLU.2 Gr28A3 Gr28A4 Gr28b(D) Gr28b.a Gr28b.b Gr28b.c Gr28b.d Gr28b.e Gr28bA Gr28bB Gr28bC Gr28bD Gr28bE Gr28be GrLU2 Gustatory receptor 28A4 Gustatory receptor 28b Gustatory receptor LU.2 LU.2 gr28b Gr28b CG31930 CR31930 GR22d Gr22dP Gr2940.2 Gustatory receptor 22d Gustatory receptor 2940.2 Gr22d CG15677 CG15679 CG30263 CT35864 mdcds_15969 stumble stum 31a CG31718 DmelIR31a IR31a Ionotropic receptor 31a ionotropic receptor 31a Ir31a CG31956 CG8845 CG8845b Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 pgant4 polypeptide GalNAc transferase 4 Pgant4 CG14988 CG32255 DmGr64f Dmel64f GR64f Gr64 Gr64A3 Gustatory receptor 64A3 Gustatory receptor 64f Gr64f CG32693 GR9a Gustatory receptor 9a Gr9a AYRKPPFNGSLFamide CG33527 Drm-IFa Drm-SIFa IFAMIDE IFa IFamide Neb-LFamide SIF SIFR SIFamide SIfamide neuropeptide AYRKPPFNGSIFamide neuropeptide IFamide SIFa CG32825 Odorant receptor 19b Odorant receptor-19b Or-19b Or19b CG14842 CG14843 CG34388 NTL Natalisin Ntl natalisin ntl natalisin CG15488 CG15489 CG34395 CG6246 NUB NUBBIN Nb Nub Nubbin Oct-1 Oct1 PDM-1 PDM1 POU domain 1 POU domain protein 1 POU33F1 Pdm Pdm-1 Pdm1 Pdm1/nubbin dOct1 dPOU-19 dPOU-19/pdm-1 dPOU19 nb nubbin pdm pdm-1 pdm1 twain twn nub CG7438 Dm IA DmIA DroMIA IA MYOIA Mhc1 Myo-IA Myo1A Myo1D Myo1a MyoIA MyoID Myosin 1D Myosin 31DF Myosin IA Myosin ID Myosin-IA Myosin31DF mhc1 myo1D myo31DF myoID myosin 1a myosin I myosin IA myosin ID myosin-IA myosin1A souther type ID unconventional myosin 31DF unconventional myosin 31DF Myo31DF Amn Amnesiac Anm CG11937 Drm-amn EP(X)1442 PACAP PACAP-38 PACAP-like PACAP38 PACAP38-like Pacap38 Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide-like amnesiac cheap date cheapdate chpd amn ApoL1 ApoL2 ApoLI ApoLII ApoLpp Apolipophorin Apolpp CG11064 DRBP LPP Lipophorin Lpp RFABG RFABP RFBP Retinoid and Fatty Acid Binding Glycoprotein Retinoid and fatty-acid binding protein Retinoid- and Fatty Acid-binding Glycoprotein Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding protein Retinoid- and fatty-acid binding protein Retinoid-fatty acid-binding glycoprotein RfaBP RfaBp Rfabg Rfabp T3 apoLI apoLII apoLPP apoLpp apolipophorin apolipophorin I apolipophorin II apolipophorin-2 chr4:1088013..1088173 lipophorin retinoid and fatty acid binding protein retinoid- and fatty acid-binding gene retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein retinoid-fatty acid binding protein rfabg apolpp 60b CG13582 CG42289 DmelIR60b IR60b Ionotropic receptor 60b ionotropic receptor 60b Ir60b 40a CG42352 CG5922 CG5929 DmelIR40a IR40a Ionotropic receptor 40a Ir40A ionotropic receptor 40a Ir40a BG:DS00180.10 CG8942 CT25688 Nim NimC Nimrod C1 NimrodC1 P1 nimC1 nimrod nimrod C1 nimrodC1 NimC1 44C11 9F8A9 CG4262 EC7 EG:65F1.2 ELAV ELav END1-2 ElaV Elav Elav-9F8A9 Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision Embryonic lethal abnormal vision Embryonic lethal abnormal visual system Embryonically lethal abnormal vision dHuR elav-1 elav-2 elav-3 embryonic lethal abnormal vision embryonic lethal abnormal visual system embryonic lethal, abnormal vision fliJ l(1)1Be l(1)EC7 l(1)G0031 l(1)G0319 weg weniger elav 76a CG34257 CG42584 CG8533 CT24909 DmelIR76a IR76a Ionotropic receptor 76a ionotropic receptor 76a ir76a Ir76a Bond CG6921 James bond james bond bond 75c CG14586 CG14586-A CG42642 DmelIR75c IR75abc IR75c Ionotropic receptor 75c Ir75abc ionotropic receptor 75c Ir75c 75b CG14586 CG14586-B CG42643 DmelIR75b IR75abc IR75b Ionotropic receptor 75b Ir75abc ionotropic receptor 75b Ir75b CG34239 CG6327 CG43693 CG18103 CG31608 CG44122 CG8486 DmPIEZO DmPiezo Dmpiezo OrfKD Piezo anon-EST:Liang-1.32 clone 1.32 fos-related gene at 28F fos28F fos500 piezo Piezo CG18531 EG:BACN32G11.1 GR1F.1 GR2B1 GR2a Gr1F1 Gr2B1 Gustatory receptor 1F.1 Gustatory receptor 2B1 Gustatory receptor 2a Gr2a ASA-receptor ASR AST-R Allatostatin A receptor 1 Allatostatin Receptor AlstR AstA R1 AstAR1 CG2872 D.AlstR1 DAR-1 DAR1 DGR Dar-1 EG:121E7.2 GR Galanin Receptor AstA-R1 CG14177 CG3280 CG46121 DmTMC TMC Tic Tmc-L Transmembrane channel-like tmc transmembrane channel-like Tmc A1 A[[1]] Bc Black Cell Black cell Black cells CG42639 CG5779 Diphenol oxidase A1 subunit DmePPOA1 Dox-A1 DoxA1 Monophenol oxidase Monophenoloxidase Mox PO PO A1 PO54 PPO PPO-1 PPO-A1 PROPO-A1 Phox Pro-phenol oxidase A1 ProPO ProPO A1 ProPO54 ProPo Prophenoloxidase Prophenoloxidase 1 Prophenoloxidase A1 Propo bc black cells i12 phenoloxidase pro-A pro-PO pro-POA[[1]] pro-phenol oxidase A1 proPO proPO A[[1]] proPO-A1 proPO54 prophenol oxidase A1 prophenoloxidase prophenoloxidase A[[1]] PPO1 BG:DS00929.14 CG3506 CG43081 CG46283 DmRH25 EP(2)0812 VAS VASA Vas Vasa cgt courgette female sterile(2)ltoRJ36 fs(2)ltoRJ36 no-relish vasa vas 18402 CG18402 DIHR DILR DIR DIRH DIRbeta DInR DInr Dir-a Dir-b Drosophila Insulin Receptor Drosophila insulin receptor INR INS IR Igf-1 receptor Igfr1 Inr Inr-alpha Inr-beta InsR Insulin Insulin Receptor Insulin receptor Insulin-like Receptor Insulin-like receptor Insulin-receptor RTK dINR dINSR dIR dIRH dInR dInr dInsR dinR dinr dir er10 inR inr insulin receptor insulin receptor homolog insulin receptor homologue insulin-like receptor insulin-like receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-receptor insulin/IGF receptor insulin/insulin-like growth factor receptor l(3)05545 l(3)93Dj l(3)er10 lethal(3)93Dj lnR sprout InR Br Bristled CG4889 Complementation group I D.int-1 DWint-1 DWnt-1 Dint-1 Dm Wg Dm-1 Dwnt-1 Gla Glazed I Sp Sternopleural WG WNT Wg Wingless Wnt Wnt-1 Wnt1 dWnt fg flag glazed int-1 l(2)02657 l(2)SH1281 l(2)SH2 1281 l(2)rO727 l(2)wg lethal (2) SH1281 spade spd wgl wingless wnt wnt1 wg BcDNA:GH07466 CG5518 sda slamdance CG46339 An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. process disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity quality A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. generically dependent continuant function An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity anatomical entity connected anatomical structure material anatomical entity multi-cell-part structure neuron projection bundle multicellular anatomical structure biological entity cell neuron fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000000 germ layer derivative An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. CARO:0000012 NCBITaxon:7227 UBERON:0000468 fly_anatomy.ontology Drosophila whole organism FBbt:00000001 organism An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. FBC:DOS The three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. UBERON:6000002 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000002 tagma The three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. FBC:GG One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. UBERON:0000914 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000003 segment One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. FBC:GG Anterior part of the organism, including mouthparts, some sensory structures and the brain. UBERON:0000033 UBERON:6000004 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000004 head Anterior part of the organism, including mouthparts, some sensory structures and the brain. FBC:CP Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. UBERON:6000005 fly_anatomy.ontology acron FBbt:00000005 While classically this structure is not considered to be a segment, but rather to be the non-segmental acron - anterior to the first segment, this ontology follows Schmidt-Ott and colleagues (Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994, and Schmidt-Ott and Technau, 1992) in considering it to be the second segment (posterior to the labral segment in the segmenting embryo). This is based on relating gene expression in the early segmenting embryo to the effects of loss of function mutations of these genes on formation of larval head structures. ocular segment Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. FlyBase:FBrf0055841 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). UBERON:6000006 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000006 head segment Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. UBERON:6000007 pregnathal segment preoral segment fly_anatomy.ontology cephalic segment procephalon FBbt:00000007 procephalic segment A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. FBC:GG Anteriormost procephalic segment, anterior to the ocular segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. UBERON:6000008 fly_anatomy.ontology clypeo-labrum FBbt:00000008 labral segment Anteriormost procephalic segment, anterior to the ocular segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. FlyBase:FBrf0055841 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. UBERON:6000009 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000009 antennal segment Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. FBC:DOS Most posterior of the procephalic segments. Contains the tritocerebrum. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000010 intercalary segment Most posterior of the procephalic segments. Contains the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The head segments that develop posterior to the embryonic/larval mouth. UBERON:6000011 fly_anatomy.ontology postoral segment FBbt:00000011 gnathal segment The head segments that develop posterior to the embryonic/larval mouth. FBC:GG Most anterior of the gnathal segments. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000012 mandibular segment Most anterior of the gnathal segments. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Second gnathal segment, between the mandibular and labial segments. In the adult, it has a paired apodeme and a paired appendage, the maxillary palpus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000013 maxillary segment Second gnathal segment, between the mandibular and labial segments. In the adult, it has a paired apodeme and a paired appendage, the maxillary palpus. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Most posterior of the gnathal segments. In the adult it bears a pair of fused appendages, the labia, and its ectodermal invaginations give rise to the salivary glands. UBERON:6000014 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000014 labial segment Most posterior of the gnathal segments. In the adult it bears a pair of fused appendages, the labia, and its ectodermal invaginations give rise to the salivary glands. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 The main middle section of the insect body comprising three thoracic rings: the pro-, the meso- and the metathoraces which are more or less well fused and cask-like sometimes having on the upper lateral part one of two pairs of wings, while on the ventrolateral part each thoracic ring bears a pair of legs. UBERON:6000015 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000015 thorax The main middle section of the insect body comprising three thoracic rings: the pro-, the meso- and the metathoraces which are more or less well fused and cask-like sometimes having on the upper lateral part one of two pairs of wings, while on the ventrolateral part each thoracic ring bears a pair of legs. FlyBase:FBrf0166419 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some thorax (FBbt:00000015). UBERON:6000016 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000016 thoracic segment Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some thorax (FBbt:00000015). FBC:Autogenerated The first (most anterior) segment of the thorax. UBERON:6000017 fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00000017 prothoracic segment The first (most anterior) segment of the thorax. FBC:DOS The second (middle) segment of the thorax. UBERON:6000018 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00000018 mesothoracic segment The second (middle) segment of the thorax. FBC:DOS The third (most posterior) segment of the thorax. UBERON:6000019 fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00000019 metathoracic segment The third (most posterior) segment of the thorax. FBC:DOS The most posterior of the three tagma (FBbt:00000002). UBERON:6000020 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000020 abdomen The most posterior of the three tagma (FBbt:00000002). FlyBase:FBrf0166419 Metameric subdivision of the abdomen. UBERON:6000021 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000021 abdominal segment Metameric subdivision of the abdomen. FBC:SPR Most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00000022 abdominal segment 1 Most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Second most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00000023 abdominal segment 2 Second most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Third most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00000024 abdominal segment 3 Third most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Fourth most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00000025 abdominal segment 4 Fourth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Fifth most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00000026 abdominal segment 5 Fifth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Sixth most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00000027 abdominal segment 6 Sixth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Seventh most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a7 FBbt:00000028 abdominal segment 7 Seventh most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Eighth most anterior segment of the abdomen. UBERON:6000029 fly_anatomy.ontology a8 FBbt:00000029 abdominal segment 8 Eighth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Ninth most anterior segment of the abdomen. UBERON:6000030 fly_anatomy.ontology a9 FBbt:00000030 abdominal segment 9 Ninth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Tenth most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a10 FBbt:00000031 abdominal segment 10 Tenth most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Eleventh most anterior segment of the abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology a11 FBbt:00000032 abdominal segment 11 Eleventh most anterior segment of the abdomen. FBC:CP Dorsal portion of the eigth segment and all structures posterior to it (Pignoni et al., 1992). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000033 telson Dorsal portion of the eigth segment and all structures posterior to it (Pignoni et al., 1992). FlyBase:FBrf0055857 Structure that develops from an oocyte once it has been released from the ovary by ovulation (Qazi et al., 2003). Ovulation triggers egg activation, which alters envelope permeability and causes the resumption of meiosis and translation (Qazi et al., 2003). Fertilization of the egg begins embryogenesis (Loppin et al., 2015). ovum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000034 egg Structure that develops from an oocyte once it has been released from the ovary by ovulation (Qazi et al., 2003). Ovulation triggers egg activation, which alters envelope permeability and causes the resumption of meiosis and translation (Qazi et al., 2003). Fertilization of the egg begins embryogenesis (Loppin et al., 2015). FlyBase:FBrf0158848 FlyBase:FBrf0229233 ovum FlyBase:FBrf0158848 The nutritive substance contained in the egg. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000035 yolk The nutritive substance contained in the egg. FBC:GG fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000036 Made obsolete because of redundancy with GO cell component term. Please use GO:0042718 instead. ds060616. obsolete yolk granule true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000037 Made obsolete because of redundancy with GO cell component term. Please use GO:0005811, 'lipid particle' instead. obsolete lipid droplet true A hard shell external to the vitelline membrane of the egg. GO:0042600 UBERON:0000920 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000038 chorion A hard shell external to the vitelline membrane of the egg. FBC:GG The middle layer that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It surrounds a thin wax layer, which in turn envelops the vitelline membrane. The inner chorionic layer is 40-50nm wide and consists of 8-10 crystalline sublayers that appear as horizontal striations, parallel to the oocyte surface and spaced at approximately 5nm. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000039 inner chorionic layer The middle layer that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It surrounds a thin wax layer, which in turn envelops the vitelline membrane. The inner chorionic layer is 40-50nm wide and consists of 8-10 crystalline sublayers that appear as horizontal striations, parallel to the oocyte surface and spaced at approximately 5nm. FlyBase:FBrf0029042 FlyBase:FBrf0035166 One of the outer layers that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It surrounds the inner chorionic layer and is in turn enveloped by the exochorion. The endochorion is composed of a thin floor (or inner endochorion), and a continuous domed roof (or outer endochorion). The floor and roof are connected by vertical pillars. The outer surface of the roof shows protrusions organized in a regular roof network. inner endochorion outer endochorion fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000040 endochorion One of the outer layers that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It surrounds the inner chorionic layer and is in turn enveloped by the exochorion. The endochorion is composed of a thin floor (or inner endochorion), and a continuous domed roof (or outer endochorion). The floor and roof are connected by vertical pillars. The outer surface of the roof shows protrusions organized in a regular roof network. FlyBase:FBrf0029042 FlyBase:FBrf0035166 inner endochorion FlyBase:FBrf0029042 outer endochorion FlyBase:FBrf0029042 Outermost layer that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It faces the follicular cells and surrounds the endochorion. The exochorion is 300-500nm wide and appears to consist of two fibrous layers, oriented parallel to the oocyte surface. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000041 exochorion Outermost layer that envelops the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It faces the follicular cells and surrounds the endochorion. The exochorion is 300-500nm wide and appears to consist of two fibrous layers, oriented parallel to the oocyte surface. FlyBase:FBrf0029042 FlyBase:FBrf0035166 A protective layer that is apposed to the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It is surrounded by a thin wax layer, followed by the inner chorionic layer. The vitelline membrane is approximately 300nm wide, and appears as a continuous granular layer without evident substructure. UBERON:0003125 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000042 vitelline membrane A protective layer that is apposed to the oocyte and forms part of the eggshell. It is surrounded by a thin wax layer, followed by the inner chorionic layer. The vitelline membrane is approximately 300nm wide, and appears as a continuous granular layer without evident substructure. FlyBase:FBrf0029042 FlyBase:FBrf0035166 A small opening at the anterior pole of the egg through which the spermatozoa enter. GO:0070825 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000043 micropyle A small opening at the anterior pole of the egg through which the spermatozoa enter. FBC:DOS FBC:GG Specialization of the chorion that forms the border of the operculum. The operculum opens during hatching by splitting of the eggshell along the collar. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000044 collar Specialization of the chorion that forms the border of the operculum. The operculum opens during hatching by splitting of the eggshell along the collar. FBC:DOS Specialization of the chorion in the dorsal/anterior of the eggshell. Hatching occurs by splitting of the eggshell around the edge of the operculum, opening a hatch through which the larva can crawl. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000045 egg operculum Specialization of the chorion in the dorsal/anterior of the eggshell. Hatching occurs by splitting of the eggshell around the edge of the operculum, opening a hatch through which the larva can crawl. FBC:DOS Paired appendage of the eggshell, located on the anterior-dorsal side of the egg, just posterior to the operculum. Functions as a respiratory structure. The dorsal appendages are formed during the final stages of oogenesis, when dorsal appendage forming follicle cells form paired tubular structures and secrete chorion proteins into the tube lumens to create the dorsal appendages. During eggshell maturation the dorsal appendage forming cells slough off, revealing the chorionic dorsal appendages inside. UBERON:6000046 chorionic appendage fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000046 Note that dorsal appendage structure varies considerably between Drosophilid species. dorsal appendage Paired appendage of the eggshell, located on the anterior-dorsal side of the egg, just posterior to the operculum. Functions as a respiratory structure. The dorsal appendages are formed during the final stages of oogenesis, when dorsal appendage forming follicle cells form paired tubular structures and secrete chorion proteins into the tube lumens to create the dorsal appendages. During eggshell maturation the dorsal appendage forming cells slough off, revealing the chorionic dorsal appendages inside. FBC:DOS FlyBase:FBrf0064777 FlyBase:FBrf0174518 chorionic appendage FlyBase:FBrf0047871 An acellular anatomical structure at the posterior pole of the eggshell that is postulated to act in respiration. It consists of the imprints of 6-15 small central cells surrounded by the imprints of 10-15 peripheral cells, which can be distinguished from the larger imprints of the main body follicle cells. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000047 posterior aeropyle An acellular anatomical structure at the posterior pole of the eggshell that is postulated to act in respiration. It consists of the imprints of 6-15 small central cells surrounded by the imprints of 10-15 peripheral cells, which can be distinguished from the larger imprints of the main body follicle cells. FlyBase:FBrf0123036 The haploid nucleus of the oocyte or sperm cell following fertilization. GO:0045120 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000048 pronucleus The haploid nucleus of the oocyte or sperm cell following fertilization. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 The haploid nucleus of the sperm cell following fertilization. GO:0001940 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000049 male pronucleus The haploid nucleus of the sperm cell following fertilization. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 The innermost of the four oocyte haploid nuclei after the second meiotic division following fertilization. The other 3 nuclei form the polar body nuclei. The female pronucleus migrates to the center of the embryo to fuse with the male pronucleus. GO:0001939 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000050 female pronucleus The innermost of the four oocyte haploid nuclei after the second meiotic division following fertilization. The other 3 nuclei form the polar body nuclei. The female pronucleus migrates to the center of the embryo to fuse with the male pronucleus. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 Haploid nucleus formed by the two meiotic divisions following oocyte ovulation. There are 3 polar body nuclei, located in a single file roughly perpendicular to the dorsal surface and to the long axis of the embryo. The fourth, and most inner of the haploid nuclei, forms the female pronucleus. The polar body nuclei are surrounded by yolk-free cytoplasm. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000051 polar body nucleus Haploid nucleus formed by the two meiotic divisions following oocyte ovulation. There are 3 polar body nuclei, located in a single file roughly perpendicular to the dorsal surface and to the long axis of the embryo. The fourth, and most inner of the haploid nuclei, forms the female pronucleus. The polar body nuclei are surrounded by yolk-free cytoplasm. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . UBERON:0000922 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000052 embryo . FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The outer region of cytoplasm of a syncytial blastoderm embryo. It has a distinct cytoskeletal structure, different from the rest of the cytoplasm, and encompasses the region to which nuclei migrate during blastoderm stages. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000053 embryonic cortex The outer region of cytoplasm of a syncytial blastoderm embryo. It has a distinct cytoskeletal structure, different from the rest of the cytoplasm, and encompasses the region to which nuclei migrate during blastoderm stages. FlyBase:FBrf0044702 A collective term for stages 1-4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000054 DEPRECATION WARNING. cleavage stage embryo A collective term for stages 1-4. FBC:DOS Nucleus found in the embryo during cleavage stage, including stages 1 to 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000055 cleavage nucleus Nucleus found in the embryo during cleavage stage, including stages 1 to 4. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Yolk-free cytoplasmic region that surrounds each zygotic nucleus in the embryonic syncytium together with its nucleus starting from stage 1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000056 energid Yolk-free cytoplasmic region that surrounds each zygotic nucleus in the embryonic syncytium together with its nucleus starting from stage 1. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Nucleus that stays behind in the yolky interior of the syncytial embryo following the migration of a subset of nuclei to the periphery from cycle 8. There are around 50 of these nuclei. Yolk nuclei cease dividing in cycle 10 and become polyploid. vitellophage fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000057 yolk nucleus Nucleus that stays behind in the yolky interior of the syncytial embryo following the migration of a subset of nuclei to the periphery from cycle 8. There are around 50 of these nuclei. Yolk nuclei cease dividing in cycle 10 and become polyploid. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 vitellophage FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FBbt:00000057 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000058 This term was obsoleted because it is the same as 'yolk nucleus' (mc141031). obsolete vitellophage true A portion of developing embryonic tissue defined by the simultaneous mitotic division of all of its component cells. replicative domain fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000059 mitotic domain A portion of developing embryonic tissue defined by the simultaneous mitotic division of all of its component cells. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 replicative domain FlyBase:FBrf0076117 The first mitotic domain to complete interphase 14 and enter mitosis, doing so approximately 70 minutes after the start of interphase 14. It is located dorsolaterally at the anterior the animal, and is bilaterally symmetric. mitotic domain delta14-1 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000060 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 1 The first mitotic domain to complete interphase 14 and enter mitosis, doing so approximately 70 minutes after the start of interphase 14. It is located dorsolaterally at the anterior the animal, and is bilaterally symmetric. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally symmetric mitotic domain that includes ventral cells immediately anterior to the cephalic fold and a contiguous stripe of cells that extends dorsally along the anterior face of the cephalic fold. mitotic domain delta14-2 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000061 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 2 Bilaterally symmetric mitotic domain that includes ventral cells immediately anterior to the cephalic fold and a contiguous stripe of cells that extends dorsally along the anterior face of the cephalic fold. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-2 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline near the anterior tip of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000062 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 3 Unpaired mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline near the anterior tip of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-3 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally symmetric domain occupying the posterior tip of the germ band. Mitosis begins just when germ band elongation starts. mitotic domain14-4 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000063 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 4 Bilaterally symmetric domain occupying the posterior tip of the germ band. Mitosis begins just when germ band elongation starts. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain14-4 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo lying on the dorsolateral surface immediately anterior to the cephalic furrow and on the contiguous anterior face of the cephalic furrow. fly_anatomy.ontology mitotic domain delta14-5 FBbt:00000064 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 5 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo lying on the dorsolateral surface immediately anterior to the cephalic furrow and on the contiguous anterior face of the cephalic furrow. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-5 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain predominantly lying on the dorsolateral surface of the embryo, just posterior to the cephalic fold. The domain's anterior margin lies inside the cephalic fold, on its posterior face. mitotic domain delta14-6 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000065 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 6 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain predominantly lying on the dorsolateral surface of the embryo, just posterior to the cephalic fold. The domain's anterior margin lies inside the cephalic fold, on its posterior face. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-6 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo located wholly within the cephalic fold. mitotic domain delta14-7 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000066 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 7 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo located wholly within the cephalic fold. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-7 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain of the embryo located immediately ahead of the 'T' at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, straddling the ventral midline. Along with mitotic domain 9, this domain is distinguished by most of its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. mitotic domain delta14-8 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000067 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 8 Unpaired mitotic domain of the embryo located immediately ahead of the 'T' at the anterior end of the ventral furrow, straddling the ventral midline. Along with mitotic domain 9, this domain is distinguished by most of its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-8 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain located anterior to the cephalic fold, adjacent and ventral to mitotic domain 5. Along with mitotic domain 8, this domain is distinguished by its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. mitotic domain delta14-9 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000068 mitotic domain 9 Large, bilaterally paired mitotic domain located anterior to the cephalic fold, adjacent and ventral to mitotic domain 5. Along with mitotic domain 8, this domain is distinguished by its cells dividing along axes perpendicular to the embryonic surface. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-9 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The largest of the mitotic domains. Between 55 and 65 minutes after mitosis 14 the cells of this domain invaginate to create the ventral furrow. mitotic domain delta14-10 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000069 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 10 The largest of the mitotic domains. Between 55 and 65 minutes after mitosis 14 the cells of this domain invaginate to create the ventral furrow. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-10 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 A little after 80mins after mitosis 14, mitosis begins simultaneously in five dorsolateral sites on each side of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-11 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000070 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 11 A little after 80mins after mitosis 14, mitosis begins simultaneously in five dorsolateral sites on each side of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-11 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo, located immediately anterior to mitotic domain 4. mitotic domain delta14-12 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000071 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 12 Small bilaterally paired mitotic domain of the embryo, located immediately anterior to mitotic domain 4. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-12 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 22, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. The cells of mitotic domain 13 form a ring around the opening of the pouch. mitotic domain delta14-13 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000072 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 13 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 22, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. The cells of mitotic domain 13 form a ring around the opening of the pouch. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-13 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 In each half of the embryo, this mitotic domain consists of a row of one or two cells wide immediately lateral to the ventral furrow. The two rows of cells that form this domain lie on opposite sides of mitotic domain 10 in the blastoderm-stage embryo, but are brought together at the ventral midline when domain 10 invaginates. mitotic domain delta14-14 fly_anatomy.ontology mesectodermal cells FBbt:00000073 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 14 In each half of the embryo, this mitotic domain consists of a row of one or two cells wide immediately lateral to the ventral furrow. The two rows of cells that form this domain lie on opposite sides of mitotic domain 10 in the blastoderm-stage embryo, but are brought together at the ventral midline when domain 10 invaginates. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-14 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mesectodermal cells FlyBase:FBrf0007732 A mitotic domain region that is approximately 1 cell-wide and surrounds mitotic domains 8 and 23. mitotic domain delta14-15 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000074 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 15 A mitotic domain region that is approximately 1 cell-wide and surrounds mitotic domains 8 and 23. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-15 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 true true Unpaired, chalice-shaped mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline, between mitotic domains 1, 3 and 20. mitotic domain delta14-18 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000077 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 18 Unpaired, chalice-shaped mitotic domain that straddles the dorsal midline, between mitotic domains 1, 3 and 20. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-18 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Along the length of the germ band, this long narrow domain, one or two cells wide, separates mitotic domains A and 11. mitotic domain delta14-19 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000078 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 19 Along the length of the germ band, this long narrow domain, one or two cells wide, separates mitotic domains A and 11. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-19 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Unpaired mitotic domain on the dorsal midline lying just posterior to mitotic domain 18, and between the paired members of domain B. mitotic domain delta14-20 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000079 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 20 Unpaired mitotic domain on the dorsal midline lying just posterior to mitotic domain 18, and between the paired members of domain B. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-20 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 true Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 13, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. mitotic domain delta14-22 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000081 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 22 Bilaterally paired mitotic domain that, along with mitotic domain 13, forms a pouch-like invagination beneath the posterior tip of the elongating germ band which holds the pole cells. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-22 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small, unpaired mitotic domain which, in the just-cellularized blastoderm, occupies the anterior tip of the embryo. mitotic domain delta14-23 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000082 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 23 Small, unpaired mitotic domain which, in the just-cellularized blastoderm, occupies the anterior tip of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-23 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Small, late-dividing mitotic domain located in the presumptive head, between mitotic domains 2, 5, and 9. When the first domains are entering mitosis, mitotic domain 24 is located on the lip of the cephalic fold, but by the time the cells of this domain divide, the opening of the cephalic fold has repositioned mitotic domain 24 further forwards. mitotic domain delta14-24 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000083 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 24 Small, late-dividing mitotic domain located in the presumptive head, between mitotic domains 2, 5, and 9. When the first domains are entering mitosis, mitotic domain 24 is located on the lip of the cephalic fold, but by the time the cells of this domain divide, the opening of the cephalic fold has repositioned mitotic domain 24 further forwards. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-24 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 At about 115mins after the onset of mitosis stage 14, the first cells in the ventral territory immediately adjacent to mitotic domain 14, divide. These first dividing cells constitute mitotic domain 25, whose metamerically reiterated members are located amongst the cells of domain M that begin division about 25mins later and will divide asynchronously. mitotic domain delta14-25 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000084 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain 25 At about 115mins after the onset of mitosis stage 14, the first cells in the ventral territory immediately adjacent to mitotic domain 14, divide. These first dividing cells constitute mitotic domain 25, whose metamerically reiterated members are located amongst the cells of domain M that begin division about 25mins later and will divide asynchronously. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 mitotic domain delta14-25 FlyBase:FBrf0049535 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000085 mitotic domain 26 At blastoderm, prior to elongation, domain A is a wide band of cells straddling the dorsal midline and spanning the length of the germ band. Germ band elongation buckles and folds this domain. This domain becomes the amnioserosa. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000086 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain A At blastoderm, prior to elongation, domain A is a wide band of cells straddling the dorsal midline and spanning the length of the germ band. Germ band elongation buckles and folds this domain. This domain becomes the amnioserosa. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Mitotic domain B is a paired domain that occupies a wedge-shaped area on the dorsolateral surface of the presumptive head. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000087 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain B Mitotic domain B is a paired domain that occupies a wedge-shaped area on the dorsolateral surface of the presumptive head. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Region surrounding the segmentally reiterated mitotic domain 25 cells. Cells of mitotic domain M do not divide with any obvious bilateral symmetry. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000088 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain M Region surrounding the segmentally reiterated mitotic domain 25 cells. Cells of mitotic domain M do not divide with any obvious bilateral symmetry. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Mitotic domain N is the ventrolateral region surrounding mitotic domains 16, 17 and 21. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000089 See figure 1 of Foe (1989) for an atlas of mitotic domains. mitotic domain N Mitotic domain N is the ventrolateral region surrounding mitotic domains 16, 17 and 21. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Protuberance of the embryonic head that develops at stage 12. It forms from the dorsal part of the gnathal segments. It gives rise to the frontal sac. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000090 dorsal ridge Protuberance of the embryonic head that develops at stage 12. It forms from the dorsal part of the gnathal segments. It gives rise to the frontal sac. FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Cytoplasmic bud that forms at the posterior pole of the embryo during cycle 9. Pole buds give rise to the pole cells. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000091 pole bud Cytoplasmic bud that forms at the posterior pole of the embryo during cycle 9. Pole buds give rise to the pole cells. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 Cell that forms at the posterior pole of the early embryo. It is a diploid germ cell that enters into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and proliferates during larval stages to give rise to male or female germ cells. CL:0000301 GC pole cell fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000092 Can be identified by expression of vasa (Slaidina et al., 2020). primordial germ cell Cell that forms at the posterior pole of the early embryo. It is a diploid germ cell that enters into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and proliferates during larval stages to give rise to male or female germ cells. FlyBase:FBrf0045371 GC FlyBase:FBrf0244767 The middle underside of the embryo, where the midline neurons and midline glia develop (Kearney et al., 2004). ventral midline UBERON:0009571 VFB:FBbt_00000093 medial cord fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000093 ventral midline of embryo The middle underside of the embryo, where the midline neurons and midline glia develop (Kearney et al., 2004). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0180108 medial cord FlyBase:FBrf0089570 . UBERON:6000094 fly_anatomy.ontology Asn Cly FBbt:00000094 clypeo-labral anlage in statu nascendi . FBC:VH Asn Cly FBC:DOS A squamous epithelial tissue that derives from the dorsal-most region of the cellular blastoderm and that covers the dorsal side of the embryo following germ-band retraction, prior to dorsal closure. UBERON:0010302 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000095 amnioserosa A squamous epithelial tissue that derives from the dorsal-most region of the cellular blastoderm and that covers the dorsal side of the embryo following germ-band retraction, prior to dorsal closure. FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Furrow of the embryo that forms at the beginning of stage 6, and extends to cover most of the length of the ventral midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It forms mesoderm and endoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). The lips fuse shortly after invagination, so that it is no longer visible as a furrow after stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). UBERON:6000096 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000096 ventral furrow Furrow of the embryo that forms at the beginning of stage 6, and extends to cover most of the length of the ventral midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It forms mesoderm and endoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). The lips fuse shortly after invagination, so that it is no longer visible as a furrow after stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Furrow of the embryo that roughly separates the procephalon from the gnathal, thoracic and abdominal regions (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6, extending from the dorsal midline as an almost vertical slit, then progressively reclines posteriorly (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It vanishes during stage 11, as its cells contribute to the gnathocephalon (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). UBERON:6000097 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000097 cephalic furrow Furrow of the embryo that roughly separates the procephalon from the gnathal, thoracic and abdominal regions (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6, extending from the dorsal midline as an almost vertical slit, then progressively reclines posteriorly (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It vanishes during stage 11, as its cells contribute to the gnathocephalon (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Furrow that extends over the dorsal part of the embryo, anterior to the posterior transverse furrow (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6 and deepens during stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It migrates anteriorly by cells moving in and out of the fold (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It is no longer visible by stage 9 and its cells contribute to the amnioserosa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). anterior dorsal fold anterior transversal furrow fly_anatomy.ontology anterior lateral fold FBbt:00000098 anterior transverse furrow Furrow that extends over the dorsal part of the embryo, anterior to the posterior transverse furrow (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6 and deepens during stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It migrates anteriorly by cells moving in and out of the fold (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It is no longer visible by stage 9 and its cells contribute to the amnioserosa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 anterior dorsal fold FlyBase:FBrf0041814 anterior transversal furrow FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Furrow that extends over the dorsal part of the embryo, posterior to the anterior transverse furrow (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6 and deepens during stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It migrates anteriorly by cells moving in and out of the fold (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It is no longer visible by stage 9 and its cells contribute to the amnioserosa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). posterior dorsal fold posterior transversal furrow fly_anatomy.ontology posterior lateral fold FBbt:00000099 posterior transverse furrow Furrow that extends over the dorsal part of the embryo, posterior to the anterior transverse furrow (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It appears during stage 6 and deepens during stage 7 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It migrates anteriorly by cells moving in and out of the fold (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). It is no longer visible by stage 9 and its cells contribute to the amnioserosa (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 posterior dorsal fold FlyBase:FBrf0041814 posterior transversal furrow FlyBase:FBrf0041814 Furrow of the embryo that separates each segment into anterior and posterior compartments (Larsen et al., 2008). It forms in the ventrolateral region of its segment in early stage 11 and disappears late in stage 11 (Larsen et al., 2008). PS groove parasegment groove fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000100 parasegmental furrow Furrow of the embryo that separates each segment into anterior and posterior compartments (Larsen et al., 2008). It forms in the ventrolateral region of its segment in early stage 11 and disappears late in stage 11 (Larsen et al., 2008). FlyBase:FBrf0207243 PS groove FlyBase:FBrf0207243 parasegment groove FlyBase:FBrf0207243 Furrow that forms between segments during embryonic stage 11 and persists to the larval stage (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). segmental groove fly_anatomy.ontology intersegmental furrow FBbt:00000101 metameric furrow Furrow that forms between segments during embryonic stage 11 and persists to the larval stage (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1985). FlyBase:FBrf0041814 segmental groove FlyBase:FBrf0167502 intersegmental furrow FlyBase:FBrf0041814 The ventral, metameric region of the developing embryonic thorax and abdomen. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000102 germ band The ventral, metameric region of the developing embryonic thorax and abdomen. FBC:DOS fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000103 obsolete germ layer anlage true UBERON:6000104 fly_anatomy.ontology ventral plate FBbt:00000104 mesoderm anlage fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000105 obsolete somatic mesoderm anlage true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000106 obsolete visceral mesoderm anlage true true true fly_anatomy.ontology AMesEc FBbt:00000109 mesectoderm anlage Primordium that is a primary subdivision of the embryo into regions based on tissue and cell-type fate and specification. Germ layers first become morphologically distinct during gastrulation. As a result of gastrulation, the endoderm becomes the inner-most layer, the mesoderm becomes the middle layer and the ectoderm becomes the outer layer. UBERON:0000923 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000110 germ layer Primordium that is a primary subdivision of the embryo into regions based on tissue and cell-type fate and specification. Germ layers first become morphologically distinct during gastrulation. As a result of gastrulation, the endoderm becomes the inner-most layer, the mesoderm becomes the middle layer and the ectoderm becomes the outer layer. FBC:DOS The outermost germ layer of the embryo. UBERON:0000924 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000111 ectoderm The outermost germ layer of the embryo. FBC:GG UBERON:6000112 fly_anatomy.ontology AdorEc dorEc FBbt:00000112 dorsal ectoderm true fly_anatomy.ontology procephalic neuroectoderm FBbt:00000114 obsolete procephalic neurectoderm true true . fly_anatomy.ontology lateral ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000116 lateral ventral neurectoderm . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 . fly_anatomy.ontology medial ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000117 medial ventral neurectoderm . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 . fly_anatomy.ontology intermediate ventral neuroectoderm FBbt:00000118 intermediate ventral neurectoderm . FlyBase:FBrf0076117 The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. UBERON:6000119 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000119 anterior ectoderm The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. FBC:DOS stomodeal invagination early fly_anatomy.ontology anterior midgut invagination FBbt:00000120 early stomodeal invagination fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000121 lateral ectoderm fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000122 posterior ectoderm The posterior invagination of ectoderm that gives rise to part of the digestive system. UBERON:0000931 fly_anatomy.ontology posterior midgut invagination FBbt:00000123 amnioproctodeal invagination The posterior invagination of ectoderm that gives rise to part of the digestive system. FBC:GG Cell that has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. CARO:0000077 CL:0000066 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000124 epithelial cell Cell that has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and which has apical-basal cell polarity. CARO:MAH The innermost germ layer of the embryo. UBERON:0000925 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000125 endoderm The innermost germ layer of the embryo. FBC:GG Germ layer that forms the middle layer of the embryo (between ectoderm and endoderm) following gastrulation. Its restricted fate includes forming muscle, heart, hemocytes and fat body. UBERON:0000926 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000126 mesoderm Germ layer that forms the middle layer of the embryo (between ectoderm and endoderm) following gastrulation. Its restricted fate includes forming muscle, heart, hemocytes and fat body. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Mesoderm that originates anterior to the cephalic furrow. It forms two vertical plates that flank the anterior midgut rudiment, and from stage 10 onwards, the stomodeum. hms procephalic mesoderm fly_anatomy.ontology HeadMes HeadMesP3 P4 HeadMes head mesoderm P3 primordium head mesoderm primordium P4 FBbt:00000127 head mesoderm Mesoderm that originates anterior to the cephalic furrow. It forms two vertical plates that flank the anterior midgut rudiment, and from stage 10 onwards, the stomodeum. FlyBase:FBrf0064803 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0190261 hms FlyBase:FBrf0064803 procephalic mesoderm FlyBase:FBrf0089570 P4 HeadMes FBC:DOS The mesoderm of segments T1-A9. It first becomes morphologically distinct during ventral furrow formation. Following invagination during stages 6 and 7, it remains a coherent structure with no morphologically apparent subdivisions, apart from transient metamery during stage 9, until stage 11. It undergoes a number of morphological changes during this period: as its cells divide following invagination, it loses its epithelial integrity and by stage 9 has rearranged into a monolayer of cuboidal cells. A further division happens during stage 10 leading to two distinct layers by stage 11. UBERON:6000128 fly_anatomy.ontology AtrunkMes P2 TrMes TrMes FBbt:00000128 trunk mesoderm The mesoderm of segments T1-A9. It first becomes morphologically distinct during ventral furrow formation. Following invagination during stages 6 and 7, it remains a coherent structure with no morphologically apparent subdivisions, apart from transient metamery during stage 9, until stage 11. It undergoes a number of morphological changes during this period: as its cells divide following invagination, it loses its epithelial integrity and by stage 9 has rearranged into a monolayer of cuboidal cells. A further division happens during stage 10 leading to two distinct layers by stage 11. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 P2 TrMes FBC:DOS fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000129 somatic mesoderm UBERON:6000130 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000130 visceral mesoderm UBERON:6000131 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000131 mesodermal crest UBERON:6000132 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000132 mesodermal crest of segment T3 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000133 obsolete circular visceral mesoderm true fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000134 obsolete longitudinal visceral mesoderm true FBbt:00005473 FBbt:00005520 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000135 obsolete gonadal mesoderm true A double row of cells located at the midline from the end of gastrulation. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the midline while the other end bisects the internalized mesoderm. UBERON:0000927 fly_anatomy.ontology MesEc FBbt:00000136 mesectoderm A double row of cells located at the midline from the end of gastrulation. The morphology of these cells is distinct from adjacent ectodermal cells - they are elongated such that one end remains exposed to the outside of the embryo at the midline while the other end bisects the internalized mesoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Any tagma (FBbt:00000002) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). UBERON:6000137 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000137 embryonic tagma Any tagma (FBbt:00000002) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). FBC:Autogenerated Metameric unit of a Drosophila embryo whose boundaries are the compartment boundaries that run through the middle of adjacent segments, parallel to the segment boundaries. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000138 parasegment Metameric unit of a Drosophila embryo whose boundaries are the compartment boundaries that run through the middle of adjacent segments, parallel to the segment boundaries. FBC:DOS Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the mandibular segment and the anterior compartment of the maxillary segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000139 parasegment 1 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the mandibular segment and the anterior compartment of the maxillary segment. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the maxillary segment and the anterior compartment of the labial segment. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000140 parasegment 2 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the maxillary segment and the anterior compartment of the labial segment. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the labial segment and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000141 parasegment 3 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of the labial segment and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000142 parasegment 4 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 1 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 . fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000143 parasegment 5 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 2 and the anterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 . FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 1. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000144 parasegment 6 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of thoracic segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 1. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 1 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 2. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000145 parasegment 7 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 1 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 2. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 2 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 3. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000146 parasegment 8 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 2 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 3. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 4. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000147 parasegment 9 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 3 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 4. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 4 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 5. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000148 parasegment 10 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 4 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 5. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 5 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 6. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000149 parasegment 11 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 5 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 6. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 6 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 7. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000150 parasegment 12 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 6 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 7. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 7 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 8. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000151 parasegment 13 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 7 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 8. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 8 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 9. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000152 parasegment 14 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 8 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 9. FlyBase:FBrf0043344 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 9 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 10. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000153 Definition added based on definitions for other parasegment definitions. Parasegment 14 is the most posterior parasegment mentioned in the original parasegment paper (Martinez-Arias and Lawrence, 1985), but subsequent papers (e.g.- Celniker et al., 1989, Mlodzik et al., 1990) refer to parasegment 15, and Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein (1997), refer to two parasegments posterior to parasegment 14 defined by homeotic gene expression. parasegment 15 Embryonic metameric unit comprising the posterior compartment of abdominal segment 9 and the anterior compartment of abdominal segment 10. FlyBase:FBrf0049804 FlyBase:FBrf0051565 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). UBERON:6000154 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000154 embryonic segment Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). FBC:Autogenerated Any head (FBbt:00000004) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). UBERON:0008816 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000155 embryonic head Any head (FBbt:00000004) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). FBC:Autogenerated Any ocular segment (FBbt:00000005) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic acron FBbt:00000156 embryonic ocular segment Any ocular segment (FBbt:00000005) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). UBERON:6000157 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000157 embryonic head segment Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Any procephalic segment (FBbt:00000007) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). UBERON:6000158 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000158 embryonic procephalic segment Any procephalic segment (FBbt:00000007) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any labral segment (FBbt:00000008) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000159 embryonic labral segment Any labral segment (FBbt:00000008) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any antennal segment (FBbt:00000009) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). UBERON:6000160 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000160 embryonic antennal segment Any antennal segment (FBbt:00000009) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any intercalary segment (FBbt:00000010) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000161 embryonic intercalary segment Any intercalary segment (FBbt:00000010) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any gnathal segment (FBbt:00000011) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). UBERON:6000162 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000162 embryonic gnathal segment Any gnathal segment (FBbt:00000011) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated Any mandibular segment (FBbt:00000012) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). mandibular lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000163 embryonic mandibular segment Any mandibular segment (FBbt:00000012) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated mandibular lobe FlyBase:FBrf0051848 Any maxillary segment (FBbt:00000013) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). maxillary lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000164 embryonic maxillary segment Any maxillary segment (FBbt:00000013) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated maxillary lobe FlyBase:FBrf0051848 Any labial segment (FBbt:00000014) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). UBERON:6000165 labial lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000165 embryonic labial segment Any labial segment (FBbt:00000014) that is part of some embryonic head (FBbt:00000155). FBC:Autogenerated labial lobe FlyBase:FBrf0051848 Any thorax (FBbt:00000015) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). UBERON:6000166 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000166 embryonic thorax Any thorax (FBbt:00000015) that is part of some embryo (FBbt:00000052). FBC:Autogenerated Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryonic thorax (FBbt:00000166). UBERON:6000167 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000167 embryonic thoracic segment Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some embryonic thorax (FBbt:00000166). FBC:Autogenerated Prothoracic segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000168 fly_anatomy.ontology prothorax t1 thoracic segment 1 FBbt:00000168 embryonic prothoracic segment Prothoracic segment of the embryo. FBC:DOS Mesothoracic segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000169 fly_anatomy.ontology mesothorax t2 thoracic segment 2 FBbt:00000169 embryonic mesothoracic segment Mesothoracic segment of the embryo. FBC:DOS Metathoracic segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000170 fly_anatomy.ontology metathorax t3 thoracic segment 3 FBbt:00000170 embryonic metathoracic segment Metathoracic segment of the embryo. FBC:DOS Abdomen of the embryo. UBERON:6000171 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000171 embryonic abdomen Abdomen of the embryo. FBC:DOS Metameric subdivision of the embryonic abdomen. UBERON:6000172 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000172 embryonic abdominal segment Metameric subdivision of the embryonic abdomen. FBC:SPR Any abdominal segment 1 (FBbt:00000022) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a1 FBbt:00000173 embryonic abdominal segment 1 Any abdominal segment 1 (FBbt:00000022) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). FBC:Autogenerated Any abdominal segment 2 (FBbt:00000023) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a2 FBbt:00000174 embryonic abdominal segment 2 Any abdominal segment 2 (FBbt:00000023) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). FBC:Autogenerated Any abdominal segment 3 (FBbt:00000024) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a3 FBbt:00000175 embryonic abdominal segment 3 Any abdominal segment 3 (FBbt:00000024) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). FBC:Autogenerated Any abdominal segment 4 (FBbt:00000025) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a4 FBbt:00000176 embryonic abdominal segment 4 Any abdominal segment 4 (FBbt:00000025) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). FBC:Autogenerated Any abdominal segment 5 (FBbt:00000026) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a5 FBbt:00000177 embryonic abdominal segment 5 Any abdominal segment 5 (FBbt:00000026) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). FBC:Autogenerated Any abdominal segment 6 (FBbt:00000027) that is part of some embryonic abdomen (FBbt:00000171). fly_anatomy.ontology a6 FBbt:00000178 embryonic abdominal segment 6