Anoosha Sehar
Damion Dooley
Diane Alexander
Emma Griffiths
Gurinder Gosal
Hande Küçük McGinty
Lauren Chen
Magalie Weber
Rhiannon Cameron
2024-06-17
FoodOn is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world. See https://foodon.org for more details.
Food Ontology
FOODON
2024-06-17
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred term
OBI_0000281
has curation status
has curation status
A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition
definition
textual definition
A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
alternative label
alternative term
alternative term
alternative_term
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
definition source
definition_source
Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification.
has obsolescence reason
curator note
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
imported from
elucidation
Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
term replaced by
term replaced by
An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC).
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context.
temporal interpretation
An image of the item. In Protege, this can be a URL.
has_alternative_id
An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has broad synonym
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has exact synonym
has_exact_synonym
An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
has narrow synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_namespace
An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct.
has related synonym
has_related_synonym
has synonym
in_subset
label
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
part_of
part of
part of
part_of
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has_part
has part
has part
has_part
is realized by
realized_in
realized in
realizes
preceded by
preceded_by
has food substance analog
A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient.
Damion Dooley
FoodOn
For example, 'bean soup' has a defining ingredient of some 'bean'. Similarly, spicy chicken wings require a defining ingredient of (usually minute) amounts of chilli.
A soup may 'has ingredient' some bean, but that doesn't make it a 'bean soup', i.e. there should be no inference to that category. However, some classes may have that simple ingredient "necessary and sufficient" equivalency.
has defining ingredient
A relation attaching between a food material and another food material that has been added to it at some point in its history.
Damion Dooley
FoodOn
has ingredient
has country of origin
hasCountryOfOrigin
has measurement unit label
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
The inverse property of is_specified_input_of
has_specified_input
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is_specified_input_of
The inverse property of is_specified_output_of
has_specified_output
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
is_specified_output_of
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
specifies value of
specifies value of
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
inheres_in
characteristic of
Inverse of characteristic_of
bearer_of
is bearer of
has characteristic
has characteristic
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
participates_in
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
has_participant
has participant
has_participant
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
function_of
is function of
function of
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
is role of
role_of
role of
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_function
has function
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_quality
has quality
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
inverse of has disposition
disposition of
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives_from
derives from
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
derives_into
derives into
A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
is allergic trigger for
A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity.
has allergic trigger
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
located_in
located in
located_in
only in taxon
only_in_taxon
x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed.
in taxon
a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b
connected to
develops from
develops_from
A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process.
has function realized in
capable of
x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x
surrounded by
x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary.
adjacent to
inverse of surrounded by
surrounds
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
started by
starts with
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
finished by
ends with
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
consumes
has input
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
produces
has output
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
is member of
member part of
SIO
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
SIO
has member
inverse of has input
input of
inverse of has output
output of
formed as result of
a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a
attached to
x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y.
composed primarily of
Inverse of 'causal agent in process'
process has causal agent
a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a.
produced by
"has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time.
Damion Dooley
has substance added
'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk'
"has substance removed" is a relation existing between two physical entities in which the first entity has had the second entity (a substance) removed from it at some point in time.
Damion Dooley
has substance removed
"immersed in" is a relation between a (physical) entity and a fluid substance in which the entity is wholely or substantially surrounded by the substance.
immersed in
'has consumer' is a relation between a material entity and an organism in which the former can normally be digested or otherwise absorbed by the latter without immediate or persistent ill effect.
has consumer
'has primary substance added' indicates that an entity has had the given substance added to it in a proportion greater than any other added substance.
has primary substance added
Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison.
in similarity relationship with
Extent of a temporal entity, expressed using xsd:duration
2023-05-13T18:37:00Z
hasXSDDuration
Value of a temporal extent expressed as a number scaled by a temporal unit
A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered.
harvest process
A process during which some material is applied to a subject
treatment
Location where the experiment is implemented.
experimental site
An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions.
greenhouse
A planned process which occurs in an agricultural field.
agricultural process
A planned process during which the environment of a crop plant is maintained such that the plant grows
crop cultivation process
A planned process that has a data set as its specified output.
data set creation
dataset creation
dataset creating
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
process
process
disposition
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
realizable entity
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
specifically dependent continuant
specifically dependent continuant
fiat object
fiat object part
object aggregate
site
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
material entity
material entity
immaterial entity
One of the small bulbs (as in garlic) developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.
clove
A peduncle arising at or beneath the surface of the ground in an acaulescent plant (as the tulip); broadly: a flower stalk.
scape
Elongate 4th circumoral appendage of cuttlefish and squids used to capture prey. Divided into proximal stalk and distal club.
Damion Dooley
https://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf
2019-06-28T19:18:51Z
tentacle
aquatic animal ink
propyl gallate
Codex::310
Europe::310
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
n-propyl gallate
An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion.
sodium ascorbate
Codex::301
Europe::301
sodium l-ascorbate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
sodium ascorbate
An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.
sodium benzoate
Codex::211
Europe::211
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
sodium benzoate
An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.
sodium metabisulphite
Codex::223
Europe::223
sodium metabisulfite
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, bleaching agent, flour treatment agent, preservative.
sodium disulfite
vitamin a
A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.
potassium carbonate
potassium carbonates
Codex::501
Codex::501(i)
Europe::501
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer.
potassium carbonate
A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens.
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives
An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.
sodium propionate
Codex::281
Europe::281
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
sodium propionate
Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives.
1,4-benzoquinones
A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring.
1,4-naphthoquinones
Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons.
fatty acid 18:3
An aluminosilicate mineral consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The different types of bentonite (aluminium bentonite; calcium bentonite; potassium bentonite; sodium bentonite) are named after their dominant element.
bentonite
Codex::558
Europe::558
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
bentonite
Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa.
volatile organic compound
An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).
allylic alcohol
An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens.
primary allylic alcohol
A class containing any titanium molecular entity that is an oxide of titanium.
titanium oxides
A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent.
glycol
Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa).
gas molecular entity
Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group
carotenoid beta-end derivative
A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification.
poly(ethylene glycol) derivative
Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.
4'-hydroxyflavanones
R-cob(III)alamin
13'-carboxy-alpha-tocopherol
A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.
cellulose acetate
A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.
retinyl palmitate
retinyl palmitate
A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
choline
A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.
cysteine
A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.
acetic acid
Codex::260
Europe::260
acetic acid, glacial
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative.
acetic acid
A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.
(-)-menthol
The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.
glycine
Codex::640
Europe::640
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
glycine
A tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3.
tartaric acid (l(+)-)
Codex::334
Europe::334
tartaric acid, l(+)-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, sequestrant.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.
aldose
Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
L-alpha-amino acid
A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.
primary alcohol
An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.
succinic acid
Codex::363
Europe::363
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
succinic acid
A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
polypeptide
A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers.
luteolin
Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain).
sterol
A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.
long-chain fatty acid
A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.
niacin
nicotinic acid
nicotinic acid
An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits.
lycopene
Codex::160e
Europe::160d
lycopenes
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
lycopene
An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins.
biotin
biotin
A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O).
carbamide
Codex::927b
Europe::927b
urea (carbamide)
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent.
urea
A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.
ethanol
A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides.
phospholipid
Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants.
ubiquinones
An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.
alanine
A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.
carbon dioxide
Codex::290
Europe::290
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): carbonating agent, packaging gas, preservative, propellant.
carbon dioxide
Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates.
carbohydrate
Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
peptide
A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated.
nucleoside 5'-phosphate
A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body.
mineral nutrient
Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001.
glycan
A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans.
melatonin
A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.
methionine
13'-Carboxy-gamma-tocopherol
A polysaccharide composed of two or more different types of monosaccharides,
heteroglycan
The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.
propane-1,2-diol
D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
riboflavin
vitamin b2
Codex::101(i)
Europe::101
riboflavin, synthetic
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
riboflavin
A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.
nitrous oxide
Codex::942
Europe::942
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, foaming agent, packaging gas, propellant.
dinitrogen oxide
A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H).
ketone
A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops.
biphenyl, diphenyl
Codex::230
Europe::230
diphenyl
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
biphenyl
The meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol.
erythritol
Codex::968
Europe::968
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, humectant, Sweetener.
erythritol
A pentitol (five-carbon sugar alcohol) having meso-configuration, being derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.
xylitol
Codex::967
Europe::967
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, humectant, stabilizer, sweetener, thickener.
xylitol
A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.
nicotinamide
nicotinamide
nucleoside 5'-monophosphate
A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase.
inosinic acid
Codex::630
Europe::630
inosinic acid, 5-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
IMP
The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.
rosmarinic acid
An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate.
glucose
dehydroascorbic acid
A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->4)-linkage.
maltose
LanguaL curation note: Used when maltose or a high maltose sweetener is the major ingredient.
maltose
Any mixture of complex, colloidal, macromolecular plant galacturonans containing a large proportion of D-galactopyranosyluronic acid residues in alpha-(1->4) linkage, the carboxy groups of which may be esterified to varying degrees by methyl groups or be partially or completely converted into salts. The structure shown is that of the parent polygalacturonan.
Codex::440
Europe::440
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener.
pectin
A sulfur-containing amino acid obtained by the oxidation of two cysteine molecules which are then linked via a disulfide bond.
cystine
A complex cob(III)alamin in which cobalt is positioned in the centre of a planar corrin tetrapyrrole ring and bound axially to a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety and a cyano group. It is one of several forms of the vitamin known as vitamin B12.
cyanocobalamin
cyanocob(III)alamin
A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.
aldehyde
A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group).
alditol
A linear copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid and alpha-L-guluronic acid residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks.
alginic acid
Codex::400
Europe::400
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener.
alginic acid
An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration.
l-cysteine
Codex::920
Europe::920
cysteine, l- and its hydrochlorides - sodium and potassium salts
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent.
L-cysteine
A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid.
beta-carotene
Codex::160a
Europe::160a
carotenes
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
beta-carotene
A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via alpha-D-1,4 bonds as in maltose. The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose.
maltooligosaccharide
Any D-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
D-aldohexose
A flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester.
riboflavin-5'-phosphate
Codex::101(ii)
Europe::101
riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
FMN
A cyclic oligosaccharide comprising a ring of D-glucose units linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.
cyclomaltodextrin
A glucose with D-configuration.
dextrose
glucose, d-
LanguaL term definition: Used when dextrose or a high dextrose sweetener, such as corn syrup or corn syrup solids, is the major ingredient.
D-glucose
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.
Langual document note: DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
vitamin C
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).
vitamin B2
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).
vitamin B3
Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.
vitamin B7
Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.
vitamin B9
Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives).
Langual documentation note: DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
vitamin B12
The (R,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(R,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol
The (R,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(R,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol
The (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(R,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol
The (S,R,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(S,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol
The (S,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(S,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol
The (S,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(S,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol
A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.
lactose
LanguaL term definition: Used when lactose or a high lactose sweetener is the major ingredient.
lactose
glycerol
Codex::422
Europe::422
A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom).
organohalogen compound
An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.
serine
Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.
triglyceride
A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.
hydrochloric acid
Codex::507
Europe::507
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
hydrogen chloride
An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.
benzyl alcohol
Codex::1519
Europe::1519
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier.
benzyl alcohol
A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.
SUBSET_SIREN:F15176
subset_siren
LanguaL term definition: Used when sucrose (e.g., cane sugar or beet sugar) is the major ingredient. Note: on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means sucrose.
sucrose
A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.
fumaric acid
Codex::297
Europe::297
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
fumaric acid
'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids.
lipid
A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.
phylloquinone
phytomenadione
vitamin K1
phylloquinone
2,5,8-Trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol
Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose).
hexose
hydrogen halide
An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.
(R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol
A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7. It has been isolated from the leaves of Myrica rubra and other plants.
myricetin
A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues.
polysaccharide
LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of eleven or more saccharide units. Usually not sweet to the taste. Includes starch, pectin and cellulose.
polysaccharide
A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.
gamma-tocopherol
Codex::308
Europe::308
tocopherol, gamma-, synthetic
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
gamma-tocopherol
An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.
tyrosine
(2R)-2,5,8-Trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
A solution of ammonia in water.
ammonium hydroxide
Codex::527
Europe::527
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
ammonium hydroxide
An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.
glutamic acid
Codex::620
Europe::620
glutamic acid, l(+)-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
glutamic acid
A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
iron atom
manganese atom
An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms.
alkane
A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.
vanillin
A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells.
apigenin
sulphur dioxide
Codex::220
Europe::220
sulfur dioxide
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
sulfur dioxide
Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups.
dicarboxylic fatty acid
A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds
inorganic calcium salt
A magnesium salt that lacks C-H bonds
inorganic magnesium salt
A magnesium salt with C-H bonds
organic magnesium salt
A phosphate salt that lacks C-H bonds
inorganic phosphate salt
A potassium salt that lacks C-H bonds
inorganic potassium salt
A aluminium salt that lacks C-H bonds
inorganic aluminium salt
calcium tartrate
are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers.
anthoxanthin
A pentahydroxyflavone that is luteolin with an additional hydroxy group at position 6.
6-hydroxyluteolin
Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.
acetamides
Dicarboxylic acids formed from aldoses by replacement of both terminal groups (CHO and CH2OH) by carboxy groups.
aldaric acid
Any carbohydrate acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid functional group. Aldonic acids have the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nC(=O)OH.
aldonic acid
alkaline earth metal atom
alkali metal atom
Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids.
alkaloid
alpha-D-glucoside
A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2.
alpha-tocopherol
Codex::307
Europe::307
dl-alpha-tocopherol
tocopherols
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
alpha-tocopherol
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron.
anion
ascorbic acid
Codex::300
Europe::300
vitamin c
ascorbic acid, l-
l-ascorbic acid
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant, flour treatment agent.
ascorbic acid
An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent
aspartic acid
Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof.
benzaldehydes
A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.
benzenetriol
Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
benzenes
An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
benzimidazoles
Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group.
benzoic acids
benzopyran
benzopyrrole
Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives.
benzoquinones
Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton.
benzyl alcohols
Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond.
biphenyls
boron molecular entity
Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents
branched-chain amino acid
butenedioic acid
calcium atom
calcium molecular entity
carbon oxide
Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.
carbonates
Hydrocarbon carotenoids.
carotenes
Codex::160a
Europe::160a
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
carotene
One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, psi,psi-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of psi,psi-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded.
carotenoid
carotenol
Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
catechin
chloride salt
A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.
chlorine molecular entity
A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof.
cholines
Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups.
chromanol
chromanes
chromenes
Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
cinnamic acids
cob(III)alamins
cobalamins
cobamides
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
molecular entity
cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide
A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group at position 3.
coumaric acid
coumarins
cyclic oligosaccharide
A macrocycle composed of five or more D-glucopyranose units bonded via (1->4)-linkages.
cyclodextrin
An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues.
cysteine derivative
An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring.
diazole
dimethylxanthine
A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols.
diol
Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
diterpenoid
A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.
ellagitannin
Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton.
ethanols
flavin mononucleotide
A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
flavones
Compounds containing at least one furan ring.
furans
galacturonan
A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).
gallotannin
gluconic acid
Codex::574
Europe::574
gluconic acid, d-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, raising agent.
gluconic acid
An oligosaccharide comprised of glucose residues.
glucooligosaccharide
Any hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group.
glucosamines
glucoside
An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues.
glutamic acid derivative
glycogens
A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively.
glycoside
glycosylglucose
Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres.
glycosyl glycoside
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
chemical entity
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context.
biological role
Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas.
guanidines
halogen molecular entity
heterocyclic antibiotic
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.
organic heterocyclic compound
hexadienoic acid
Members of the class of hydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by 6 hydroxy groups.
hexahydroxyflavone
hexitol
Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group.
hexosamine
A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only.
hydrocarbon
Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)).
hydroxides
Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group.
hydroxy carboxylic acid
Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring.
hydroxybenzoic acid
monohydroxycinnamic acid
Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.
hydroxycinnamic acid
A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents.
hydroxyflavanone
Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.
hydroxyflavone
A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton.
imidazoles
imide
Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
indoles
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
oxoacid
A molecular entity that contains no carbon.
inorganic molecular entity
inorganic oxide
Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom.
inorganic phosphate
inorganic salt
inorganic sulfate salt
inosine phosphate
iodine molecular entity
A salt is an assembly of cations and anions.
salt
organic salt
A molecular entity having a net electric charge.
ion
iron molecular entity
A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.
isoleucine
Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.
isoprenoid
Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group.
ketoaldonic acid
Any hexose containing a single ketone group.
ketohexose
Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals.
ketose
Any organic salt that has lactate as the cation.
lactate salt
Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
lactone
A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.
leucine
A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.
linolenic acid
A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.
agar
Codex::406
Europe::406
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, gelling agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener.
agar
A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.
lysine
A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity.
macrolide antibiotic
A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.
macrolide
magnesium atom
magnesium molecular entity
magnesium porphyrin
A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.
maltodextrin
SUBSET_SIREN:F16405
maltodextrin
p-menthane monoterpenoid
Any secondary alcohol that is one of the eight possible diastereoisomers of 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol.
p-menthan-3-ol
metalloporphyrin
Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group.
monomethoxybenzene
Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent.
methoxyflavone
Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol.
methyl ester
methylxanthine
Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom.
molecule
An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.
monocarboxylic acid
Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent.
monomethoxyflavone
Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C10 skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
monoterpenoid
Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment.
monounsaturated fatty acid
A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene.
naphthoquinone
A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group.
pyridinecarboxamide
nitrites
nitrogen atom
nonmetal atom
A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.
nucleoside phosphate
Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons.
octadecatrienoic acid
A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids.
oligopeptide
A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
omega-3 fatty acid
organic heteromonocyclic compound
Any organic ion with a net negative charge.
organic anion
Any organic ion with a net positive charge.
organic cation
An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
ether
organic ion
An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom.
organic oxide
organic phosphate
Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group
organic sulfate
An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound.
aliphatic alcohol
An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters.
organophosphorus compound
An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.
oxide
oxygen molecular entity
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic
A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring.
p-quinones
A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol.
hexadecanoate ester
A hydroxyflavone substituted by five hydroxy groups.
pentahydroxyflavone
An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.
pentitol
aldopentose phosphate
A chemically diverse class of peptides that exhibit antimicrobial properties.
peptide antibiotic
Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin.
phenylpropanoid
Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom.
phosphate
A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.
phosphoric acid
Codex::338
Europe::338
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, sequestrant.
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid derivative
phosphorus molecular entity
phylloquinones
phytylnaphthoquinone
Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds.
polar amino acid
A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of Streptomyces.
polyene antibiotic
A macromolecule composed of units connected by carboxylic ester (-O-CO-) linkages.
polyester macromolecule
polyether antibiotic
Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.
polyketide
A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.
polyol
Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group.
polyphenol
Any phosphate that is a salt or an ester of polyphosphoric acid or its chalcogen analogues.
polyphosphates
Codex::452
Europe::452
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
polyphosphates
Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome.
polyunsaturated fatty acid
Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure.
porphyrins
potassium atom
potassium molecular entity
Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation.
potassium salt
A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones.
prenylquinone
An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.
proline
propane-1,2-diols
propanediol
pteridines
pterins
pullulans
purine alkaloid
purine nucleoside monophosphate
Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.
purine nucleotide
purine ribonucleoside monophosphate
Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.
purine ribonucleotide
A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives.
purines
pyridine alkaloid
A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring.
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid
Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
pyridines
A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.
quinolines
Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.
retinoid
ribonucleoside monophosphate
ribonucleotide
ribose phosphate
Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess.
saturated fatty acid
An L-alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class.
serine family amino acid
An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid.
short-chain fatty acid
silicon molecular entity
sodium atom
An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion.
sodium chloride
sodium molecular entity
Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation.
sodium salt
Any steroid that acts as hormone.
steroid hormone
Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone.
stilbenoid
carbohydrate phosphate
An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid.
sulfuric ester
Salts and esters of sulfuric acid
sulfates
Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.
sulfites
sulfur atom
sulfur-containing amino acid
sulfur molecular entity
A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.
sulphuric acid
Codex::513
Europe::513
sulfuric acid
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
sulfuric acid
Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol.
tannin
Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group.
terpenoid
Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton.
oxolanes
A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
tetrapyrrole
tetraric acid
Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).
tetraterpenoid
Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B1 deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency can also lead to a disease known as beriberi. Vitamin B1 consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms).
vitamin b1
vitamin B1
An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms.
organic heterotricyclic compound
An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.
threonine
tin atom
A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.
tocopherol
An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell.
transition element atom
An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups.
tricarboxylic acid
trihydroxybenzoic acid
Any hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
trihydroxyflavone
trimethylxanthine
A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.
triol
Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives.
tryptamines
organic heterobicyclic compound
Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond.
unsaturated fatty acid
A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.
valine
Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body.
vitamin d
vitamin D
Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).
vitamin b6
vitamin B6
A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.
xanthophyll
zinc atom
zinc molecular entity
A linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect.
alpha-linolenic acid
An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation.
folic acid
LanguaL curation note: Used when folic acid is added at any level. Always use this term for enriched flour or rice, enriched bakery products, and enriched macaroni or noodle products. (21 CFR 137. 610(a), 21 CFR 136.115(a)(1), and others).
folic acid
selenium atom
An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.
histidine
A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.
monensin A
A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee.
caffeine added
caffeine
Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'.
3'-hydroxyflavonoid
hydroxocobalamin
hydroxocobalamin
A stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups.
resveratrol
An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.
tryptophan
pullulan
Codex::1204
Europe::1204
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): film-forming agent, glazing agent.
pullulan
Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.
L-dehydroascorbic acid
The most important reserve polysaccharide found in plants. It is a glucan consisting of amylose and amylopectin.
starch
An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.
phenylalanine
An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose.
galactose
galactose, d-
galactose
alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid
Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.
vitamin k
vitamin K
phosphorus atom
Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.
dextrin
copper atom
A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose.
fructose
levulose
LanguaL curation note: Used when pure fructose is the major ingredient. If *HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP* is the major ingredient, use that term for indexing.
fructose
A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener.
aspartame
Codex::951
Europe::951
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener.
aspartame
beta-D-glucan
A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position.
coumarin
Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group.
flavonols
pyridoxine 5'-phosphate
pyridoxine 5'-phosphate
lutein
Codex::161b
Europe::161b
luteins
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
lutein
Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
flavanones
A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.
ergocalciferol
vitamin D2
A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.
cholecalciferol
calciol
A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.
theobromine
Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups.
amino sugar
A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.
chlorophylls
Codex::140
Europe::140
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
chlorophyll
propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol)
Codex::1520
Europe::1520
propylene glycol
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, glazing agent, humectant, wetting agent.
(R)-propane-1,2-diol
aluminium atom
An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.
arginine
The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated.
carboxylic acid anion
mononucleotide
A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid.
monocarboxylic acid amide
sodium carbonate
Codex::500(i)
Europe::500
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent.
sodium carbonate
A hexitol produced by a variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, lichens and plants.
mannitol
Codex::421
Europe::421
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, bulking agent, humectant, stabilizer, sweetener.
mannitol
potassium ferrocyanide
Codex::536
Europe::536
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
potassium hexacyanoferrate(4-)
sodium ferrocyanide
Codex::535
Europe::535
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
sodium hexacyanoferrate(4-)
An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.
isobutane
Codex::943b
Europe::943b
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant.
isobutane
A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position.
flavin
A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
silicon dioxide
Codex::551
Europe::551
silicon dioxide, amorphous
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
silicon dioxide
hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
Codex::464
Europe::464
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, stabilizer, thickener.
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.
benzoic acid
Codex::210
Europe::210
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
benzoic acid
A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.
propionic acid
Codex::280
Europe::280
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
propionic acid
A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.
citric acid
Codex::330
Europe::330
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant, sequestrant.
citric acid
A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
dodecanoic acid
An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.
adipic acid
Codex::355
Europe::355
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
adipic acid
A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom.
alcohol
alcohol
sorbitol
sorbitol as food source
sorbitols
sorbitols as food source
Codex::420
Codex::420(i)
Europe::420
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener.
glucitol
The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine.
pyridoxine hydrochloride
pyridoxine hydrochloride
An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.
It is used as food additive under the E number E510, working as a yeast nutrient in breadmaking and as an acidifier. It is a feed supplement for cattle and an ingredient in nutritive media for yeasts and many microorganisms.
Ammonium chloride is used to spice up dark sweets called salmiak (popular in Nordic and other nearby countries),[18] in baking to give cookies a very crisp texture, and in the liquor Salmiakki Koskenkorva for flavouring. In Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan and Arab countries it is called "Noshader" and is used to improve the crispness of snacks such as samosas and jalebi. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride]
ammonium chloride
A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.
calcium oxide
Codex::529
Europe::529
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, dough conditioner, flour treatment agent.
calcium oxide
d-pantothenate, calcium
Calcium pantothenate
calcium sulphate
Codex::516
Europe::516
calcium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent, flour treatment agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
calcium sulfate
A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid.
annatto, bixin, norbixin
Codex::160b
Europe::160b
annatto extracts
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
bixin
ferrous gluconate
Codex::579
Europe::579
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent.
Ferrous gluconate
A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.
magnesium carbonate
magnesium carbonates
Codex::504
Codex::504(i)
Europe::504
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, colour retention agent.
magnesium carbonate
magnesium oxide
Codex::530
Europe::530
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
magnesium oxide
A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.
methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Codex::218
Europe::218
methyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
methylparaben
A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions
potassium acetate
Codex::261(i)
Europe::261
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative.
potassium acetate
potassium gluconate
Codex::577
Europe::577
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant.
Potassium gluconate
potassium hydroxide
Codex::525
Europe::525
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
potassium hydroxide
potassium sulphate
Codex::515(i)
Europe::515
potassium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
potassium sulfate
The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive.
propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Codex::216
Europe::216
propyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
propylparaben
retinyl acetate
retinyl acetate
A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.
saccharin
Codex::954(i)
Europe::954
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
saccharin
sodium saccharin
Codex::954(iv)
Europe::954
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Saccharin sodium
sodium hydrogen carbonate
Codex::500(ii)
Europe::500
sodium bicarbonate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent.
sodium hydrogencarbonate
sodium hydroxide
Codex::524
Europe::524
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
sodium hydroxide
sodium sulphate
Codex::514(i)
Europe::514
sodium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
sodium sulfate
A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.
sucralose
Codex::955
Europe::955
sucralose (trichlorogalactosucrose)
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body and therefore it is non-caloric. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number (additive code) E955. Sucralose is approximately 600 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar), twice as sweet as saccharin, and 3 times as sweet as aspartame.
sucralose
talc
Codex::553(iii)
Europe::553b
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, coating agent, dusting agent, surface-finishing agent, texturizing agent.
Talc
A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.
titanium dioxide
Codex::171
Europe::171
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
titanium dioxide
d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
alpha-Tocopherol acetate
A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.
potassium chloride
Codex::508
Europe::508
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): gelling agent, flavour enhancer, stabilizer, thickener.
potassium chloride
propane
Codex::944
Europe::944
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant.
propane
sodium acetate
Codex::262(i)
Europe::262
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative, sequestrant.
sodium acetate
Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring.
epoxide
An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
amide
The calcium salt of D-gluconic acid.
calcium gluconate
Codex::578
Europe::578
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant.
calcium gluconate
The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.
calcium acetate
Codex::263
Europe::263
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative, stabilizer.
calcium acetate
A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.
calcium carbonate
Codex::170(i)
Europe::170
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, surface colourant.
calcium carbonate
boric acid
Europe::284
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
boric acid
calcium chloride
Codex::509
Europe::509
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent, stabilizer, thickener.
calcium dichloride
boron oxoacid
Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.
d-alpha-tocopherol
vitamin e
vitamin E
An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands).
coordination entity
oxoacid derivative
An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system.
organic fundamental parent
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
atom
A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
primary amide
A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group.
secondary amide
A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number.
elemental molecular entity
hydrogen
Codex::949
Europe::949
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): packaging gas.
elemental hydrogen
An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond.
organosulfur compound
oxygen
Europe::948
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
elemental oxygen
An anion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic anion
A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.
heteroorganic entity
A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life.
food role
food
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal.
alkali metal molecular entity
An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal.
alkaline earth molecular entity
Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.
pnictogen
A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen.
pnictogen molecular entity
Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table.
chalcogen
Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.
chalcogen molecular entity
carbon group element atom
An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.
carboxylic ester
boron group element atom
An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table.
main group element atom
silicon oxide
zinc group element atom
manganese group element atom
iron group element atom
copper group element atom
sulfur oxoacid
A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
hydracid
pnictogen oxoacid
sulfur oxoacid derivative
Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.
phospho sugar
A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons.
phosphorus oxoacid
chalcogen oxoacid
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element.
transition element molecular entity
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
metal atom
s-block element atom
Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table.
p-block element atom
d-block element atom
Any compound containing an o-diphenol component.
catechols
benzenediols
Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.
resorcinols
A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
carboxylic acid
Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent.
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid
A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table.
main group molecular entity
boron group molecular entity
carbon group molecular entity
A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas.
noble gas molecular entity
Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.
cyclic compound
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.
homocyclic compound
A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.
carbocyclic compound
A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings.
spiro compound
hydrogen molecular entity
boron oxoanion
A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'.
canthaxanthin
Codex::161g
Europe::161g
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
canthaxanthin
aluminium molecular entity
aluminium
Codex::173
Europe::173
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
elemental aluminium
polycyclic compound
A molecule that features two fused rings.
bicyclic compound
A polycyclic compound having the shape of a cage.
polycyclic cage
Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds.
aliphatic compound
A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.
aromatic compound
organic aromatic compound
monocyclic compound
heteromonocyclic compound
A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom.
heteropolycyclic compound
A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom.
heterobicyclic compound
zinc group molecular entity
An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element.
s-block molecular entity
A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.
p-block molecular entity
A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element.
d-block molecular entity
helium molecular entity
helium
Europe::939
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
elemental helium
Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements.
hydrides
A macromolecule formed by a living organism.
biomacromolecule
information biomacromolecule
A cation consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic cation
An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group.
alpha-amino acid
A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups.
amino acid
carbohydrate acid
tetritol
iron group molecular entity
copper group molecular entity
paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin
Codex::160c
Europe::160c
paprika oleoresin
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
capsanthin
Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group.
hexonic acid
cobalt group molecular entity
titanium group molecular entity
An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.
organic hydroxy compound
Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring.
organic cyclic compound
A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).
heteroarene
benzenoid aromatic compound
Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion.
conjugated protein
A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
macromolecule
Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
phenols
Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.
aromatic alcohol
Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety.
arenecarbaldehyde
An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring.
aromatic amino acid
Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.
aromatic carboxylic acid
An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.
aromatic amine
transition element coordination entity
cobalt molecular entity
cobalt coordination entity
iron coordination entity
cobalt corrinoid
metallotetrapyrrole
A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions.
corrinoid
A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.
aldohexose
halide salt
silver molecular entity
silver
Codex::174
Europe::174
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
elemental silver
gold
Codex::175
Europe::175
gold, metallic
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
gold molecular entity
magnesium salt
magnesium coordination entity
metallic base
alkali metal hydroxide
alkaline earth hydroxide
A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.
butylated hydroxytoluene (bht)
Codex::321
Europe::321
butylated hydroxytoluene
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae Chondrus crispus, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss).
carrageenan
Codex::407
Europe::407
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, emulsifier, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener.
carrageenan
amaranth
Codex::123
Europe::123
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Amaranth
disodium phosphate
Codex::339(ii)
Europe::339
disodium hydrogen phosphate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
disodium hydrogenphosphate
aldose phosphate
magnesium hydroxide
Codex::528
Europe::528
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, colour retention agent.
magnesium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
Codex::526
Europe::526
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent.
calcium hydroxide
calcium salt
acyclic carotene
cyclic carotene
sulfate salt
A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2].
terpene
A C40 terpene.
tetraterpene
nitrogen oxide
alkaline earth coordination entity
A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.
quaternary ammonium ion
A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc).
ammonium ion derivative
Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups.
ammonium compound
Cations of structure R2C=N(+)R2.
iminium ion
carotenone
carotenoic acid
hexoside
Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.
steroid
hydroxy steroid
Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
organonitrogen compound
Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids.
fatty acids
Codex::570
Europe::570
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent. foam stabilizer, glazing agent.
fatty acid
Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group.
monosaccharide
An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen.
oxoanion
monocalcium phosphate
Codex::341(i)
Europe::341
calcium dihydrogen phosphate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, firming agent, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate)
Any glucoside in which the glycoside group is derived from D-glucose.
D-glucoside
alkali metal salt
Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups.
organic disulfide
An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds.
addition compound
An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound.
hydrate
aluminium salt
carbon oxoacid
Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
aromatic ether
A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
secondary alcohol
Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
dicarboxylic acid
A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter.
ester
carbohydrate sulfate
Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached.
glycerolipid
A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.
fatty acid ester
Any anion of a tetracarboxylic acid formed by deprotonation of one or more carboxy groups.
tetracarboxylic acid anion
seco-steroid
Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent.
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
imidazopyrimidine
A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.
sorbic acid
Codex::200
Europe::200
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
sorbic acid
Any amino acid carrying two amino groups.
diamino acid
A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two or more atoms in common.
bridged compound
A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.
omega-6 fatty acid
Any stilbenoid with at least one phenolic group.
stilbenol
Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids.
benzoate ester
A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.
protein
A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.
4-coumaric acid
inorganic chloride
organic chloride salt
Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).
quinone
A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.
disaccharide
A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid.
dicarboxylic acid monoester
A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common.
caffeic acid
hexacyanoferrate(4-) salt
hexacyanoferrate salt
glycosyl alditol
cyclic tetrapyrrole
Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic entity
An ion consisting of more than one atom.
polyatomic ion
phosphorus oxoacid derivative
phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives
alkaline earth salt
A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table.
main-group coordination entity
Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
carbonyl compound
Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element.
organic oxo compound
An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
organochlorine compound
heterotricyclic compound
A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base.
hydrochloride
seco-cholestane
seco-ergostane
Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved.
ring assembly
Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3.
3-hydroxy steroid
hydroxy seco-steroid
argon
Codex::938
Europe::938
argon molecular entity
A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton.
cation
The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 14.003074. The most abundant (99.63 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen.
nitrogen-14 atom
An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond.
organochalcogen compound
An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.
organooxygen compound
vitamin B6 phosphate
A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid.
nucleotide
flavin nucleotide
ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.
organoiodine compound
A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues.
glucan
Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'.
homopolysaccharide
organic hydride
mononuclear parent hydride
titanium molecular entity
Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring.
cyclic ether
A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units.
folic acids
A benzoate ester that is any ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) with an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxy group.
gallate ester
A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.
heteroatomic molecular entity
Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements.
halide
A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring.
gamma-lactone
trisodium phosphate
Codex::339(iii)
Europe::339
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antimicrobial synergist, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, stabilizer, sequestrant, texturizing agent.
trisodium phosphate
monosodium phosphate
Codex::339(i)
Europe::339
sodium dihydrogen phosphate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
sodium dihydrogenphosphate
sodium phosphates
Codex::339
Europe::339
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
sodium phosphate
An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom.
carboxamide
Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl
mixed diacylamine
phosphoric ester
A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms.
butane
Codex::943a
Europe::943a
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant.
butane
sulfuric acid derivative
phosphate salt
A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives).
xanthene dye
Any carbohydrate sulfate that is a polysaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent.
polysaccharide sulfate
benzothiazoles
A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle.
oxaspiro compound
The stable isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 30.973762 and nuclear spin (1)/2.
phosphorus-31 atom
The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 31.972071. The most abundant (95.02 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring sulfur.
sulfur-32 atom
A macromolecule derived from one species of (real, implicit or hypothetical) monomer.
homopolymer macromolecule
A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units.
polypyrrole
Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.
oxacycle
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues.
lactol
organic heteropolycyclic compound
monocyclic heteroarene
polycyclic heteroarene
magnesium tetrapyrrole
Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring.
pyrrolidines
An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.
2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.
2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
azabicycloalkane
thiabicycloalkane
Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure).
diazines
A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives.
aminopyrimidine
1,3-thiazoles
1-benzopyran
chromenone
aminoalkylindole
Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
flavans
Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents.
tetrahydroxyflavone
Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins are water-souluble plant pigments that generally occur as acidic salts exhibiting bright colours.
anthocyanins
Codex::163
Europe::163
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
anthocyanin
organic sodium salt
inorganic sodium salt
A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents.
trihydroxyflavanone
xanthenes
tetraborate(2-)
benzopteridine
A complex in which one component (the host) forms a cavity or, in the case of a crystal, a crystal lattice containing spaces in the shape of long tunnels or channels in which molecular entities of a second chemical species (the guest) are located. There is no covalent bonding between guest and host, the attraction being generally due to van der Waals forces.
inclusion compound
Inclusion compound in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules.
clathrate compound
A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. They are synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport).
high-density lipoprotein
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and low density (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of cholesterol esters and smaller amounts of triglycerides. The surface monolayer consists mostly of phospholipids, a single copy of apolipoprotein B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the liver. Excessive levels are associated with cardiovascular disease.
low-density lipoprotein
Any sulfur oxoacid derivative derived from sulfurous acid.
sulfurous acid derivative
Any polyamine that contains four amino groups.
tetramine
Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings.
dibenzopyran
Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain.
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units.
tocol
Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure.
pyrimidines
Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen.
polyazaalkane
A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.
curcumin
Codex::100(i)
Europe::100
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
curcumin
cyclic ketone
A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.
D-hexose
A tetracarboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of all four carboxy groups in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (calcium disodium edta)
Codex::385
Europe::385
calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, colour retention agent, preservative, sequestrant.
EDTA(4-)
A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a 1,3-thiazol-4-yl substituent at position 2. A mainly post-harvest fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium and Fusarium.
thiabendazole
Codex::233
Europe::233
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
thiabendazole
A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.
coenzyme Q10
A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities.
diosmetin
The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol.
(S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol
A compound that contains two ketone functionalities.
diketone
nitrite salt
In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals').
mineral
silicate mineral
azaalkane
carbonate salt
Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
dipeptide
Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage.
polyether
Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position.
hydroxyether
A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group.
hydroxypolyether
A polymer composed of repeating ethyleneoxy units.
polyethylene glycol
Codex::1521
Europe::1521
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent, carrier, emulsifier, glazing agent, plasticizer.
poly(ethylene glycol)
Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.
tetrahydrofuranone
Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid.
acetate ester
ammonium salt
A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts.
beta-tocopherol
A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.
delta-tocopherol
Codex::309
Europe::309
tocopherol, delta-, synthetic
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
delta-tocopherol
Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids.
glyceride
ureas
cyclic polypyrrole
Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.
flavonoid
A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring.
3-coumaric acid
sulfur oxide
sulfamate ester
calcium oxides
A tetritol that is butane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4.
butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol
Compounds of structure RSSR'.
disulfide
A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group.
ethyl vanillin
Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals.
aluminosilicate mineral
sulfite salt
An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom.
thiazoles
A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.
thiamin hydrochloride
thiamine hydrochloride
2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.
beta-cyclodextrin
Codex::459
Europe::459
cyclodextrin, beta-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, carrier, stabilizer.
beta-cyclodextrin
A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
organic amino compound
An oligosaccharide comprising four monomeric monosaccharide units.
tetrasaccharide
A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 4'.
naringenin
A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).
retinol
retinol
Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.
2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid
A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
butenolide
A salt of the organic compound tartaric acid.
tartrate salt
An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position.
alkyl alcohol
A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues.
oligosaccharide
LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of three to ten saccharide units (specifically dextrin). May be slightly sweet to the taste.
oligosaccharide
A salt of citric acid.
citrate salt
Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
organic molecular entity
A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.
role
Systems consisting of two or more molecular entities held together by non-covalent interactions.
non-covalently-bound molecular entity
A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system.
macrocycle
organic calcium salt
organic halide salt
nitrate salt
inorganic nitrate salt
A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context.
chemical role
nitrogen
Codex::941
Europe::941
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): packaging gas, propellant.
nitrogen molecular entity
magnesium halide
Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion.
metal sulfate
erythorbic acid
Codex::315
Europe::315
erythorbic acid (isoascorbic acid)
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
D-isoascorbic acid
A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid.
N-acyl-amino acid
Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton.
biotins
Any aromatic ether that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with one or more methoxy groups.
methoxybenzenes
An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.
enone
A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position.
alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone
organic polycyclic compound
organic tricyclic compound
physiological role
Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.
7-hydroxyflavonol
A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 76.919915, 7.60 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2.
selenium-77 atom
The stable isotope of iron with relative atomic mass 56.935399, 2.1 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2.
iron-57 atom
inorganic hydroxy compound
The stable isotope of potassium with relative atomic mass 38.963707, 93.3 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2.
potassium-39 atom
The stable isotope of sodium with relative atomic mass 22.989770, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2.
sodium-23 atom
The stable isotope of magnesium with relative atomic mass 24.985837, 10.0 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2.
magnesium-25 atom
A mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, pigs, and fish.
LanguaL term definition: A protein extract or concentrate derived from collagen.
gelatin
A macromolecule composed of repeating alkane or substituted alkane units.
poly(alkylene) macromolecule
A macromolecule composed of ethane or substituted ethane units.
polyethylene macromolecule
A polymer composed of ethane units.
poly(ethylene)
A macromolecule composed of repeating -CHR-CH2- units.
vinyl polymer macromolecule
A polymer composed of repeating chloroethyl units.
poly(vinyl chloride)
A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group.
polyvinylpyrrolidone
Codex::1201
Europe::1201
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bodying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizer.
poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
A polymer composed of repeating -CR2-CR2- units.
poly(vinylidene)
A polymer composed of repeating tetrafluoroethyl groups.
poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
The trisodium salt of citric acid.
trisodium citrate
Codex::331(iii)
Europe::331
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
sodium citrate
Macromolecules composed of repeating substituted or unsubstituted ethylbenzene units.
polystyrene macromolecule
A polymer composed of repeating ethyl benzene groups.
poly(styrene)
A macromolecule derived from two or more species of monomer.
copolymer macromolecule
A copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked sodium beta-D-mannuronate and sodium alpha-L-guluronate residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks. The sodium salt of alginic acid.
sodium alginate
Codex::401
Europe::401
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener.
sodium alginate
Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond.
olefinic fatty acid
Any poly(ethylene glycol) derivative composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan [2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol] normally containing a total of 20 oxyethylene groups, with one or more of the terminal hydroxy groups esterified with a fatty acyl group. They are used as emulsifiers and dispersing agents in some pharmaceuticals products and as defoamers and emulsifiers in some foods.
polysorbate
A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a palmitoyl group.
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40)
sorbitan monopalmitate
Codex::434
Codex::495
Europe::434
Europe::495
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier.
polysorbate 40
A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a dodecanoyl group.
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20)
sorbitan monolaurate
Codex::432
Codex::493
Europe::432
Europe::493
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier, stabilizer.
polysorbate 20
A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a stearate group.
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60)
sorbitan monostearate
Codex::435
Codex::491
Europe::435
Europe::491
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier.
polysorbate 60
A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by an oleoyl group.
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80)
sorbitan monooleate
Codex::433
Codex::494
Europe::433
Europe::494
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier, stabilizer.
polysorbate 80
A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan compound formed by methylating cellulose through exposure to NaOH/CH3Cl.
methyl cellulose
Codex::461
Europe::461
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, stabilizer, thickener.
methyl cellulose
A polymer compose of repeating propane-1,2-diyl units.
poly(propylene)
A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.
quinoline yellow
Codex::104
Europe::104
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
quinoline yellow
glucosamine
A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole.
1,2-benzisothiazole
A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H).
hemiacetal
A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.
heterocyclic compound
Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain.
straight-chain fatty acid
Any salt prepared using acetic acid as the acid component.
acetate salt
Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement.
essential fatty acid
Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12.
medium-chain fatty acid
An iminium ion that is a dark bluish synthetic dye used as a food colouring agent
patent blue v
Codex::131
Europe::131
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
patent blue V
Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units.
phosphoric acids
Hydroxy boron compounds of general formula BxOyHz.
boric acids
An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ.
acetal
A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group.
hemiketal
An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.
ketal
A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring.
cyclic ketal
A hemiacetal having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.
cyclic hemiketal
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
chemical substance
A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.
mixture
A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..
polymer
Any amino sugar that is a monosaccharide in which one alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group.
amino monosaccharide
A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration
alpha-glucoside
Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides in plant cell walls that have beta-(1->4)-linked backbones with an equatorial configuration. Hemicelluloses include xyloglucans, xylans, mannans and glucomannans, and beta-(1->3,1->4)-glucans.
Damion Dooley
2019-06-19T23:09:03Z
mucilage added
hemicellulose
hemicellulose
A polymer, composed of polysiloxane macromolecules.
polysiloxane polymer
A polysiloxane polymer, composed of silicone macromolecules.
silicone polymer
A silicone polymer, composed of polydimethylsiloxane macromolecules.
polydimethylsiloxane polymer
A polydimethylsiloxane polymer, composed of dimethicone macromolecules.
dimethyl polysiloxane
Codex::900a
Europe::900
polydimethylsiloxane
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, antifoaming agent, emulsifier.
dimethicone polymer
Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid.
fatty acid derivative
A lipid-rich mixture containing glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and other components.
lecithins
Codex::322
Europe::322
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
lecithin
A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from deprotonation of one or more oxoacid OH groups of any polysaccharide acid.
polysaccharide acid oxoanion
An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
aromatic ester
An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.
ammonium sulphate
Codex::517
Europe::517
ammonium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent, stabilizer.
ammonium sulfate
A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in crystalline form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages.
crystalline cellulose
An acetate salt in which the cationic component is zinc(2+).
zinc acetate
Codex::650
Europe::650
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
zinc acetate
The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.
sodium nitrate
Codex::251
Europe::251
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative.
sodium nitrate
The organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of L-tartaric acid.
disodium tartrate
Codex::335(ii)
Europe::335
sodium l(+)-tartrate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
sodium L-tartrate
The potassium salt of L-tartaric acid.
dipotassium tartrate
Codex::336(ii)
Europe::336
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
potassium L-tartrate
The organic sodium and potassium salt of L-tartaric acid (mol ratio 1:1:1).
sodium potassium tartrate
Codex::337
Europe::337
potassium sodium l(+)-tartrate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
potassium sodium L-tartrate
A potassium salt in which dihydrogen phosphate(1-) is the counterion.
monopotassium phosphate
Codex::340(i)
Europe::340
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
A citrate salt in which all three carboxy groups are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.
triammonium citrate
Codex::380
Europe::380
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
triammonium citrate
The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.
potassium nitrate
Codex::252
Europe::252
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative.
potassium nitrate
An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole.
1,3-thiazolium cation
A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity.
glycosyl compound
Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds.
carbohydrate derivative
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.
disaccharide derivative
A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.
monosaccharide derivative
A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose.
pentose derivative
A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative.
carbohydrate acid derivative anion
Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule.
macrocyclic lactone
An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.
monosodium glutamate
Codex::621
Europe::621
monosodium l-glutamate
msg
sodium glutamate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
monosodium glutamate
An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.
biaryl
An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
one-carbon compound
Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.
organic acid
A clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.
lipoprotein
A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide.
polysaccharide derivative
A magnesium salt comprising of two chlorine atoms bound to a magnesium atom.
magnesium chloride
Codex::511
Europe::511
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent, firming agent, stabilizer.
magnesium dichloride
A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.
malic acid
Codex::296
Europe::296
malic acid, dl-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
malic acid
Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms.
C4-dicarboxylic acid
A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom.
beta-diketone
A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.
hexamethylene tetramine
Codex::239
Europe::239
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
hexamethylenetetramine
An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.
maltitol
Codex::965(i)
Europe::965
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, emulsifier, humectant, sweetener, stabilizer.
maltitol
Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.
azole
dehydro-gamma-tocopherol
A homopolysaccharide derivative which is formally derived from a glucan.
glucan derivative
A type-A lantibiotic containing 34 amino acid residues (including lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha) and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb)) and five thioether bridges. It is obtained by fermentation of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and shows particular activity against Clostridium botulinum. It is used in the production of various processed foods to suppress Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and so extend shelf life.
nisin
Codex::234
Europe::234
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
nisin
A class of peptide antibiotic characterised by the presence of the rare thioether amino acids lanthionine or methyllanthionine, as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid. In contrast to classical peptide antibiotics, lantibiotics are synthesised from precursor genes using the ribosomal pathway and the characteristic rare amino acids are introduced by posttranslational modification procedues into the lantibiotic precursor peptides ('prepeptides'). Lantibiotics are subdivided into two types: type A have long, flexible structures, while type B have rigid, globular structures.
lantibiotic
Any lantibiotic which has which has a long, flexible structure.
type A lantibiotic
A member of the class of flavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.
hydroxyflavan
Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them.
flavonoids
A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings.
spiroketal
Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.
organic molecule
A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.
exopolysaccharide
Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds.
trienoic fatty acid
A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.
D3 vitamins
Any inorganic sulfate salt resulting from the formal condensation of aluminium hydroxide with 1.5 mol eq. of sulfuric acid.
aluminium sulphate
Codex::520
Europe::520
aluminium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent.
aluminium sulfate
A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops.
natamycin
Codex::235
Europe::235
natamycin (pimaricin)
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
natamycin
An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.
sodium lactate
Codex::325
Europe::325
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, bodying agent, bulking agent, humectant.
sodium lactate
A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.
lactitol
Codex::966
Europe::966
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, sweetener, texturizing agent.
lactitol
Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such).
B vitamin
A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.
aromatic ketone
A mixture of 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Is is used as an antioxidant and preservative in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber and petroleum products.
butylated hydroxyanisole (bha)
Codex::320
Europe::320
butylated hydroxyanisole
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
butylated hydroxyanisole
A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741)
triradylglycerol
A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.
calcium phosphate
A potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion.
potassium sorbate
Codex::202
Europe::202
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
potassium sorbate
A hydrate that is tin dichloride (anh.) combined with 2 mol eq. of water.
stannous chloride
Codex::512
Europe::512
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, colour retention agent.
tin(II) chloride dihydrate
A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.
food component role
food component
Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
environmental contaminant
Any unwanted chemical in food. The term includes agrochemicals and industrial chemicals that may contaminate foodstuffs during their production, transportation or storage.
environmental food contaminant
A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.
lactic acid
Codex::270
Europe::270
lactic acid, l-, d- and dl-
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
2-hydroxypropanoic acid
Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.
carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives
A linear tetrasaccharide comprising three L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose residues and a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (2-keto-3-deoxy-alpha-D-mannooctanoic acid, alpha-Kdo) residue in a (1->7), (1->3), (1->5) sequence.
L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->7)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->3)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->5)-alpha-Kdo
A tannin that yields gallic or ellagic acids upon acid hydrolysis.
hydrolysable tannin
A family of plant metabolites with a common 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, carrying various substituents. They are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species.
diarylheptanoid
Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.
olefinic compound
An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.
sodium nitrite
Codex::250
Europe::250
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative.
sodium nitrite
A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond.
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
pantothenic acid
vitamin B5
A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.
4-hydroxybenzoate ester
ferrous lactate
Codex::585
Europe::585
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent.
Ferrous lactate
calcium propionate
Codex::282
Europe::282
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Calcium propionate
A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.
potassium hydrogen carbonate
Codex::501(ii)
Europe::501
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer.
potassium hydrogencarbonate
Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer
brilliant blue fcf
Codex::133
Europe::133
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Brilliant Blue
sodium cyclamate
Codex::952(iv)
Europe::952
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Cyclamate
Nylon 6
A mixture resulting from extraction from propolis.
propolis extract
A mixture of sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and carbohydrate components that is a by-product from sugar refinery.
molasses
A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.
acesulfame k
Codex::950
Europe::950
acesulfame potassium
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener.
acesulfame
A dipeptide composed of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-aspartic acid and methyl L-phenylalanate units joined by a peptide linkage.
neotame
Codex::961
Europe::961
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener.
Neotame is an artificial sweetener made by NutraSweet that is between 7,000 and 13,000 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). Neotame was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for general use in July 2002, and has now been approved by the EU to become a classified E number (E961), but it is not yet widely used in food products. Neotame also is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. It is assigned the International Numbering System (INS) food additive code 961.
neotame
A gallate ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the hydroxy group of octanol.
octyl gallate
Codex::311
Europe::311
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
octyl gallate
Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom.
proteinogenic amino acid derivative
Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
proteinogenic amino acid
Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues.
amino acid derivative
A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamic acid by a heteroatom.
L-glutamic acid derivative
Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose.
pentose phosphate
An organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion.
sodium gluconate
Codex::576
Europe::576
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener.
sodium gluconate
A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is an alkanol (in diagram, R = alkyl). Commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
paraben
A polysaccharide acid oxoanion produced by bacteria, which is used as a substitute for agar as gelling agent in various clinical bacteriological media.
gellan gum
Codex::418
Europe::418
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): stabilizer, thickener.
gellan gum
A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.
sodium tetraborate (borax)
Europe::285
LanguaL term definition: Food additive.
borax
A metal sulfate composed of potassium, aluminium and sulfate ions in the ration 1:1:2.
aluminium potassium sulphate
Codex::522
Europe::522
aluminium potassium sulfate
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer.
potassium aluminium sulfate
An inorganic sodium salt having sulfite as the counterion.
sodium sulphite
Codex::221
Europe::221
sodium sulfite
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
sodium sulfite
Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties.
antibiotic antifungal agent
An organic aromatic compound that has been used as a fungicide.
aromatic fungicide
Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides.
benzimidazole fungicide
Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
antibiotic antifungal drug
An organoiodine compound that is the ring opened tautomer of fluorescein substituted at positions 2, 4, 5 and 7 by iodo groups.
erythrosine
Codex::127
Europe::127
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
erythrosin
Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid.
dodecanoate ester
Any organic amino compound that contains two or more amino groups.
polyamine
Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
metal allergen
A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid.
N-sulfonylcarboxamide
2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.
tartrazine
Codex::102
Europe::102
tartarzine
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
tartrazine
tricalcium phosphate
Codex::341(iii)
Europe::341
LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, buffer, clouding agent, firming agent, flour treatment agent, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
tricalcium bis(phosphate)
A resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources.
Propolis
A process during which a living entity acquires or generates food and energy from a living, dead, or non-living entity.
trophic process
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires energy and generates biomass from non-living entities.
autotrophy
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming another organism or organism part, living or dead.
heterotrophy
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming nectar.
nectivory
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from inorganic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
lithotrophy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living fungal material.
fungivory
A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from light.
phototrophy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living plant- or macro-algal material.
herbivory
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming living metazoan (animal) material.
carnivory
A process during which two living entities engage in a close and long-term biological interaction.
symbiosis
A symbiotic process in which one participant gains benefits while the other participant is harmed.
parasitism
A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming detritus.
detritivory
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by breaking down organic substances into simpler matter.
decomposition
A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through extracellular digestion of decaying organic matter.
saprotrophy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through a symbiotic relationship with another organism.
symbiotrophy
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming grasses, leaves, and other soft plant material.
herbivorous grazing
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming seeds of a plant.
seed predation
A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming twigs, leaves, and bark of trees and shrubs.
herbivorous browsing
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming other animals while they are stil alive. Predation leads directly to the imminent death of the prey organism(s).
predation
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming dead or decaying animal matter.
scavenging
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.
cannibalism
A cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling while both are still in the uterus.
intrauterine cannibalism
An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling embryo while both are still in the uterus.
adelphophagy
An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming less-developed sibling eggs while both are still in the uterus.
oophagy
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming insects.
insectivory
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming eggs.
egg predation
A predation process during which a group of predators cooperates to kill creatures larger than those they could overpower singly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation#Social_predation
social predation
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a very narrow range of food items, sometimes only one.
monophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a few, very specific food items.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligophagy
oligophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a wide range of food items.
polyphagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming bacteria.
bactivory
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by eating food off of a surface while slowly moving through the environment.
grazing
A symbiotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from another living entity via a close association. The entity providing the food and energy is harmed by this process.
trophic parasitism
A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming snakes.
ophiophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming hard organisms or hard parts of organisms. This can include plants, such as bamboo, animals with hard shells, such as corals, or the hard parts of organisms, such as bone. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durophagy
durophagy
A symbiotrophic process in which a bacterium provides chemically-derived energy and nutrients, often via the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, to a higher organism.
chemosymbiosis
A symbiotrophic process in which a photosynthetic organism provides energy and nutrients to a heterotrophic organism.
photosymbiosis
A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from organic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
organotrophy
A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from preformed molecules.
chemotrophy
A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming blood.
hematophagy
A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water
deposit feeding
An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings.
geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
anthropogenic geographic feature
A marine water body which is constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere.
ocean
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
sea
A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass.
lake
A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply.
river
A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface.
stream
A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface.
well
A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground.
spring
A flowing body of water.
watercourse
A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake.
pond
An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem.
wetland area
An accumulation of water of varying size.
water body
A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort.
human construction
A permanent walled and roofed construction.
building
agricultural ecosystem
An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein.
farm
A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent.
plain
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
beach
A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall.
desert area
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
grassland area
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
woodland area
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
forested area
A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem.
area of tundra
A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops.
agricultural field
An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming.
plantation
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material.
solid astronomical body part
A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch.
pasture
The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent.
watershed
A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.
fish farm
A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions.
fish hatchery
Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees.
scrubland area
A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
biome
A biome which is primarily or completely situated on a landmass.
terrestrial biome
An aquatic biome which is determined by a marine water body.
marine biome
A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls.
terrace
A terrace which is used for agricultural activities.
agricultural terrace
Incorporated populated place.
city
An aquatic biome which is determined by a body of freshwater.
freshwater biome
An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.
soil
A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water.
marine water body
A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land.
slope
Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.
waste water
An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.
liquid water
Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts.
saline water
Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride.
fresh water
Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine,
sewage
A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water.
aquatic biome
wood
Water which has physicochemical properties that have been determined by the processes occuring in a sea or ocean.
sea water
ditch water
contaminated water
Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine.
animal litter
A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.
shop
A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade.
food shop
pond water
A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay.
loam
Soil which is part of an ecosystem used for agricultural activities.
agricultural soil
A portion of soil which is found in a garden.
garden soil
A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process).
waste material
A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants.
silage
Manure which is derived from the waste products of animals.
Organic matter, mostly animal feces, that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.
manure
animal manure
CC BY-SA 2.0
Adam Ward
fresh animal manure
A house used for sheltering non-human animals.
animal house
An animal house which is used to shelter cows.
cow shed
An animal house which is used to house pigs.
piggery
Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health.
water
potable water
LanguaL term definition: Potable water.
LanguaL curation note: Water is indexed as a food source if it is the only ingredient or if the product is a soft drink.
drinking water
grass silage
A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products.
manufactured product
Tap water is water supplied to a tap (valve). Its uses include drinking, washing, cooking, and the flushing of toilets
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water
SUBSET_SIREN:F7286
city water
municipal water
running water
table water
town water
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123
* not heat-treated FOODON:03440003
tap water
horse manure
Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces.
pig manure
An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered.
industrial building
A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption.
dairy
A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms.
manufacturing facility
processing facility
food processing building
A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself.
bakery
farmyard manure
A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery.
brewery
A product which is composed primarily of paper.
paper product
rye grass silage
stable manure
potato silage
Soil which is derived from compost.
compost soil
A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome.
farm soil
A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of.
environmental
environmental material
Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live.
anthropogenic environmental material
agricultural environmental material
An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles.
mud
A well which provides access to groundwater held in an aquifer.
water well
Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances.
sand
A marine biome which is determined by an ocean.
ocean biome
An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles.
particulate environmental material
Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules.
organic material
A forest ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
forest biome
A woodland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, woody plants spaced sufficiently far apart to allow light penetration to support communities of herbaceous plants or shrubs living closer to the woodland floor.
woodland biome
A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs.
shrubland biome
A grassland ecosystem in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state.
grassland biome
A desert ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
desert biome
A tundra ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
tundra biome
A mangrove biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its spatial extent, mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove biomes often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action.
mangrove biome
An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity.
anthropogenic terrestrial biome
A cropland ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession.
cropland biome
A rangeland biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock.
rangeland biome
A biome which is determined by a freshwater lake.
freshwater lake biome
A freshwater biome which is determined by a freshwater river.
freshwater river biome
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
environmental system
Ice which is formed from water.
water ice
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
anthropogenic environment
A marine environment and enviroment which is determined by a marine water body.
marine environment
An unbroken expanse (as of ice)
field
OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight.
obsolete manufactured plastic
true
A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.
environmental zone
A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity.
house
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent.
glass
A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius.
wax
Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour.
rainwater
A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow.
lentic water body
A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing.
lotic water body
A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something.
manufactured cage
A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock.
drylot
A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market
feedlot
A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants.
dense settlement
A mass of water.
water mass
An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.
Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay)
area of barren land
A material part of an astronomical body.
astronomical body part
An environmental material which is in a solid state.
solid environmental material
An environmental material which is in a liquid state.
liquid environmental material
An animal house which is only partially surrounded by a building envelope.
open animal house
An animal house which has a complete building envelope.
closed animal house
A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal.
animal cage
A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption.
slaughterhouse
abattoir
A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption.
fish processing building
A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services.
restaurant
An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.
plumbing fixture
A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes.
sink fixture
An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities.
environmental system determined by a quality
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by an animal.
Animal
animal-associated environment
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
Animal corpus
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties.
metallic material
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
ecosystem
Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities.
bovine dairy liquid manure
Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry.
poultry manure
Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes.
heat-treated animal manure
Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions.
composted animal manure
An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure.
ice
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it.
terrestrial environmental zone
An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics.
grassland ecosystem
A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services.
commercial building
An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover.
forest ecosystem
An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement.
cropland ecosystem
A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities.
vegetated area
A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water.
saline water body
An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover.
tundra ecosystem
A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries.
body of liquid
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material.
liquid astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid.
fluid astronomical body part
An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert.
desert ecosystem
A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities.
compound astronomical body part
aquatic ecosystem
marine ecosystem
freshwater ecosystem
An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land.
terrestrial ecosystem
A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine.
construction
An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact.
anthropised ecosystem
An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions.
human settlement
A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions.
hatchery
A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body.
surface landform
A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body.
landform
A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn).
textile
Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals.
contaminated animal feed
A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed.
bone meal
Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of plants.
plant feed
goat manure
An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned.
ash
An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them.
fluid environmental material
A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants.
environmental system process
Poultry manure made of chicken feces.
chicken manure
An animal house where fowl are kept.
chicken house
A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion.
hand tool
A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge.
peeler
A cow shed for baby cows/bulls.
calf shed
An animal house used for housing livestock.
livestock house
An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer.
manure
An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals.
animal rescue shelter
Fresh water which is harvested from cloud.
cloud water
A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass.
energy
Energy which is realised through motion.
kinetic energy
Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles.
thermal energy
An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus.
fungal structure
A multicellular fungal structure composed of cells from more than one species.
composite structure
A spore-producing structure found in a Basidiomycete; formed when the terminal cell of a dikaryotic hyphal branch inflates and undergoes karyogamy and meiosis.
basidium
An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp.
ascocarp-bound ascus
The stalk or stem that supports the cap of a mushroom. A stipe is usually composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; in some species a stipe may be a single supporting hypha.
stipe
Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores.
fruitbody
A structure within, or at the surface of, which an ascus develops in Ascomycetes.
ascocarp
The structure on which spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies.
pileus
A multicellular anatomical structure that functions in the production of spores, which are directly borne upon or within sporogenous cells that form part of the sporophore.
sporophore
A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi.
mycelium
A large fruiting body that is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia and basidiospores. The basidiocarp is characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina, in which it is the site of karyogamy and meiosis. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples.
basidiocarp
An ascospore that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp.
ascospore in ascocarp-bound ascus
A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores.
ascus
An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp, and is usually derived from a single cell.
free ascus
An ascospore that is contained in a free ascus (i.e. not associated with an ascocarp).
ascospore in free ascus
A spore formed following meiosis. In some species, prospores formed by meiosis may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature.
sexual spore
A fungal structure that comprises a single cell. An individual cell is composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure.
unicellular structure
A spore produced by a fungus. A spore is a differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions.
spore
A thick-walled spore that forms in an ascus. Clusters of four or eight spores are formed in a single ascus following sexual reproduction; found in Ascomycetes.
ascospore
A thick-walled spore formed externally on extrusions of a basidium following sexual reproduction; found in Basidiomycetes.
basidiospore
A diploid spore with a thick, pigmented, sculpted cell wall, and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that is formed during growth in a plant host by some Basidiomycete species, including pathogenic smut (Ustilaginales) and rust (Pucciniales) fungi.
teliospore
A spore formed following one or more rounds of mitosis, without meiosis.
asexual spore
An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi. Conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm.
conidium
A conidium that has only one nucleus.
mononucleate conidium
A thin-walled spore that is formed in a uredinium and is the primary dispersal mode for rust-causing Basidiomycete fungi.
urediniospore
A mononucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections (sterigma) of a conidiophore head.
conidium of conidiophore head
The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is mononucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall.
microconidium
A macroconidium that has only one nucleus.
mononucleate macroconidium
A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus.
mononucleate blastoconidium
An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus.
mononucleate arthroconidium
A single cell that is in the vegetative growth stage of an organism's life cycle, in which metabolism and growth predominate, and is not undergoing sexual processes.
vegetative cell
A conidium that has more than one nucleus.
multinucleate conidium
A composite structure that forms the vegetative portion of a lichen; minimally composed of at least one fungal species (the mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont).
lichen thallus
A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus.
multinucleate macroconidium
A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus.
multinucleate blastoconidium
An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus.
multinucleate arthroconidium
The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong.
macroconidium
An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere.
oospore
A thick-walled, sexual, resting spore that forms in a zygosporangium; typical of Zygomycetes.
zygospore
A cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores.
arthroconidium
An oblong or round asexual reproductive spore formed specifically by budding.
blastoconidium
A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores known as conidia.
conidiophore
A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two-layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides.
sterigma
A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia.
phialide
A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation.
metula
A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci.
cleistothecium
A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium.
Hulle cell
The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae.
conidiophore vesicle
The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia.
conidiophore stalk
An asexual spore that is produced on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate. Oidia are borne a few at a time, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.
oidium
A structure within which spores develop.
sporangium
A thick-walled structure that arises from a zygote formed by the fusion or conjugation of two hyphal branches, produces spores, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
zygosporangium
A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.
aeciospore
A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes.
aplanospore
A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores.
aecium
A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A sorus is a cluster of sporangia; the telium is a pustule-like sorus that forms on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and produces teliospores.
telium
A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus, in which urediniospores are produced.
uredinium
A tubular structure that connects two individuals during conjugation, through which the transfer of genetic material can occur. The conjugation tube usually forms in response to pheromone.
conjugation tube
A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection, a structure that separates differing nuclei, which have been obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types, into distinct hyphal segments that are separated by septa (cross walls).
clamp cell
A structure produced in a dikaryotic hypha upon migration of the nuclei after mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. The clamp fuses to compartmentalize a nucleus within the subapical cell. Note: A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection is called a "clamp cell".
fused clamp
A structure that separates the nuclei within monokaryotic hyphae into distinct hyphal segments. Monokaryotic hyphae are produced during unisexual reproduction or hyphal development of a diploid, in contrast to dikaryotic hyphae which are produced by mating of hyphae of differing sexual types.
unfused clamp
A large, highly polyploid cell that has altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, and increased resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses relative to yeast-form cells of the same species. Identified in Cryptococcus neoformans, in which the morphological transition to Tina cell form enables the fungus to evade the immune system of a mammalian host.
titan cell
A forcibly discharged asexual spore. With fungi, most types of basidiospores formed on basidia are discharged into the air from the tips of sterigmata.
ballistospore
A binucleate cell observed in some fungi that forms when two compatible nuclei, each originating from one of the cells, pair off after plasmogamy and cohabit without karyogamy within a hyphal compartment. The nuclei divide synchronously and are passed in pairs to newer cells or hyphal tips, which are also binucleate.
dikaryon
The appendage or portion of a commensal or parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria may arise from intercellular hyphae, appressoria, or external hyphae.
haustorium
A large, thick-walled resting spore with condensed cytoplasm, formed within hyphae or at hyphal tips in several kinds of fungi.
chlamydospore
A long, branching filamentous structure formed by a vegetatively growing fungus.
hypha
A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter.
pseudohypha
A hypha that forms part of a mycelium.
hypha in mycelium
A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, and that exists as part of a mycelium.
septate hypha in mycelium
A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted.
rhizomorph
A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted.
mycelial cord
A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed.
stroma
A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.
sclerotium
A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls.
septate hypha
A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures.
aseptate hypha
The growing end of a hypha.
hyphal tip
The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium.
hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium
A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure.
hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium
A hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa.
aseptate hypha in mycelium
The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium.
hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium
The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium.
hyphal tip, septate hypha
The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium.
hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa in mycelium
A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure.
hypha with dolipore septa
The growing end of a hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure.
hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa
The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa.
hyphal tip, aseptate hypha in mycelium
The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
hyphal tip, aseptate hypha
A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones.
mating cell
An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles.
shmoo
A mass of hyphae, usually in wood or bark; visible with the naked eye.
mycelial felt
A composite structure formed by the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant.
mycorrhiza
A fruiting body formed by some cellular slime moulds; has a stalk and a spore mass.
sorocarp
A multinucleate plasmodium-like body formed by aggregation of myxamoebae without fusion of their protoplasm.
pseudoplasmodium
An invasive mycelium that forms within a solid or semi-solid substrate such as wood, soil or agar.
substrate mycelium
A mycelium that forms prior to sporulation and extends aerially, or perpendicular, to its substrate.
aerial mycelium
An open or expanded fruiting body that has asci contained on its exposed surface; found in lichens and actinomycetous fungi.
apothecium
An ascocarp that is composed of a loose network of mycelia through which ascospores filter and are released at maturity; its reproductive organs are in the form of naked asci. Found in fungi of the family Gymnoascaceae.
gymnothecium
A flask-shaped fruiting body that forms a pore for the escape of spores; found in some molds and ascomycetous fungi.
perithecium
An outgrowth produced by germinating spores in certain species of spore-releasing fungi. The germ tube differentiates, grows, and undergoes mitosis to create somatic hyphae.
germ tube
The nodule from which a mushroom develops. The primordium, less than two millimeters in diameter, resembles a pinhead, and is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a button.
fungal primordium
A very small sclerotium.
microsclerotium
A spherical fungal structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. A protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae, and develops into a perithecium.
protoperithecium
A fungal structure that comprises more than one cell.
multicellular fungal structure
A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single unicellular organism.
multicellular fungal structure, unicellular organism
A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single multicellular organism.
multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism
A modified hypha that forms a specialized structure used by a fungus to penetrate a target. The appressorium first presses against the substrate, usually with a flattened morphology, and then forms a penetration peg that enters the substrate via turgor pressure. Parasitic and mutualistic fungi use appressoria to enter host cells, and some saprotrophs can form appressoria to penetrate non-living substrates.
appressorium
A spore-producing structure that is formed following same-sex (self) mating. These structures are produced by Cryptococcus species in a manner similar to sexual mating except that the resulting spores are isogenic with the parental strain.
monokaryotic fruitbody
A specialized cell with an enlarged cell wall that develops from a hyphal cell in a septate mycelium and swells at the aerial terminus to form a conidiophore vesicle. The aerial portion of the foot cell forms the conidiophore stalk.
conidiophore foot cell
A short, thin, unbranched tubular structure that emerges from a conidium and grows towards, and then fuses with, a similar tube growing from another conidium or conidial germling.
conidial anastomosis tube
A large, round, thick-walled structure that contains endospores such as those produced by Coccidioides species within a host.
spherule
A fungal structure that develops during mating and contributes to sexual reproduction.
sexual structure
A hypha that emerges from a yeast-form cell upon stimulation by the pheromone of a compatible mating partner. An example is observed in Cryptococcus species.
mating filament
seed split
seed mature
seed immature
2020-09-24T23:47:52Z
fruit multiple
A draft data standard which includes optional facets or axes of food compositional database descriptors to describe a food item.
This will be converted to a LinkML specification format.
Damion Dooley
food item specification
A cattle bull is an adult "intact" (i.e. not castrated) male of a cattle species.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology
2019-02-21T03:01:03Z
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000119
bull
cattle bull
A process of cutting food into smaller pieces, chunks or slices.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2024-01-15T09:29:58Z
The term includes 'process' in order to distinguish from 'food cutting' as a noun.
food cutting process
Tortoises are a family, Testudinidae, of land-dwelling reptiles in the order Testudines.
Damion Dooley
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg/640px-A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg
tortoise
Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products.
Damion Dooley
Foodon product type
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food
The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations.
food product
Cream component produced by churning and containing not less than 80% milkfat.
mammalian milk butter
grape must
SUBSET_SIREN:F1302
SUBSET_SIREN:F16510
pickled
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* solid FOODON:03430151
* pickling process FOODON:03460190
Damion Dooley
2023-05-03T04:59:00Z
Are all fermented foods considered preserved to some extent?
Damion Dooley
A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food fermentation
Miang
Fermented meat product is any product made primarily of meat subjected to a fermentation process.
Damion Dooley
fermented meat product
SUBSET_SIREN:F10661
SUBSET_SIREN:F15561
SUBSET_SIREN:F17365
SUBSET_SIREN:F2410
distilled alcohol
distilled spirit
Candy prepared by cooking together sugar, water and ingredients to control crystal growth to a temperature of 238-246 degrees F. The product is then cooled approximately 100 degrees and agitated to promote a smooth, creamy texture.
Damion Dooley
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400244
Damion Dooley
preserved
The agar is usually in the form of kantens, agar sticks which require hydration.
yokan
neri yōkan
mizu yōkan
sake mash
sake moromi
moromi of sake
Tuna backmeat, which is specifically scraped off the bones, and looks like a ground product.
Damion Dooley
nakaochi
Maguro Nakaochi
Nakaochi Scrape
tuna scrape
Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience
food
foodstuff
nourishment
sustenance
This class is the top of FOODON's main food product hierarchy which is described in the https://www.foodon.org website, and can be searched in lookup services like https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/
food material
Roasting is a baking process when the food being baked is meats
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
meat roasting
A material entity having a thickness of 0.3 to less than 1.5 cm
Damion Dooley
This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term.
thickness of 0.3 cm to less than 1.5 cm
A material entity having a thickness of less than 0.3 cm
Damion Dooley
This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term.
thickness of 0.3 cm or less
A material entity having a thickness of 1.5 to less than 7.0 cm
Damion Dooley
This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term.
thickness of 1.5 cm to less than 7.0 cm
A material entity having a thickness of at least 7.0 cm
Damion Dooley
This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term.
thickness of 7 cm or more
Modification through physical treatment to affect the shape quality of a food product.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food physical forming
A material entity having a thickness of 1.5 to less than 7.0 cm
Damion Dooley
This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term.
thickness of 1.5 cm or more
Extraction of substance(s) from a food source using a solvent such as alcohol, hexane, or ethanol.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food solvent extraction
The process of milling grain into flour, usually performed by a grist mill, corn mill or flour mill.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food milling
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food canning
A food evaporation process is the process of removing water from a food.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food evaporation process
rockfish food product
requires discussion
A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food transformation process
Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).[wikipedia]
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate
invertebrate animal
Food material which has been categorized by a characteristic such as granularity or temperature.
Damion Dooley
This term was renamed from "food product by quality" to align better with COB "characteristic" label, and as well to disambiguate from other use of "quality" as a food grading. This term is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process.
food material by characteristic
Sliced bread is an example of sliced food.
Solid food that is divided into uniformly thin pieces.
Damion Dooley
http://langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0137
sliced food
baked
baked food product
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_food
A form of frying characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying); typically using just enough oil to lubricate the pan. A pan fry takes place at lower heat than does a sauté.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
shallow frying
pan-fried
A physical object quality which describes a characteristic of some food material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
food material characteristic
The ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer) is a species of rat found throughout Southeast Asia. Although not a part of staple human diet in Cambodia, a growing market has developed there with most exports going to Vietnam
Damion Dooley
rice-field rat
ricefield rat
Dairy cattle are a type of cattle bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. This class covers both male and female members of a dairy breed.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattle
2019-01-26T22:49:27Z
dairy cattle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dairy_cattle_breeds
Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle.
Damion Dooley
2019-01-28T02:41:04Z
taurine cattle
Navel oranges are characterized by the growth of a second fruit at the apex, which protrudes slightly and resembles a human navel. They are primarily grown for human consumption for various reasons: their thicker skin makes them easy to peel, they are less juicy and their bitterness – a result of the high concentrations of limonin and other limonoids – renders them less suitable for juice.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(fruit)#Navel_oranges
2019-01-28T04:42:04Z
navel orange plant
Gravlax is a Nordic dish consisting of raw salmon, cured in salt, sugar, and dill.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravlax
2019-02-05T23:53:50Z
Gravad lax
gravad laks
gravlaks
gravlax
A can of chickpeas with a packing liquid that is colonized with a pathogen.
A compromised food packing medium is a gaseous, liquid, or solid medium that has been exposed to the environment due to a failure in integrity of the food packaging. The packaging failure may be intentional, e.g. opening a bag, or unintentional, e.g. a tear.
Damion Dooley
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
2019-02-13T21:04:31Z
food packing medium compromised
A heifer is a young female, under three years of age, of a cattle species before she has had a calf of her own.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology
2019-02-21T03:04:04Z
heifer
A beetle larva is a beetle undergoing the larva stage of development.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larva
2019-02-21T06:11:06Z
grub
beetle larva
Darkling beetle is the common name of the large family of beetles, Tenebrionidae.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkling_beetle
2019-02-21T06:23:23Z
darkling beetle
The mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a species of darkling beetle.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealworm
2019-02-21T06:25:43Z
mealworm beetle
A mealworm is a mealworm beetle in the larva stage of development.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealworm
2019-02-21T06:30:34Z
mealworm
Dynastinae or rhinoceros beetles are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae).
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae
2019-02-21T06:34:42Z
rhino beetle
rhinoceros beetle
A cattle steer is an adult castrated male of a cattle species.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology
2019-02-22T23:48:25Z
steer
bull
A steer is a younger animal that may not be trained, or may not be strong and mature enough for hard work. In the United States a steer is not considered an ox until it is four years old, by which time it is considered large enough and mature enough for any work required of it.
cattle steer
Wagyu is any of the four Japanese breeds of beef cattle: Japanese Black (Kuroge Washu), Japanese Polled (Mukaku Washu), Japanese Brown (Akage Washu or Akaushi) and Japanese Shorthorn (Nihon Tankaku Washu). In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names. Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagyu
2019-03-20T08:06:23Z
Akage Washu
Akaushi
Japanese Black
Japanese Brown
Japanese Polled
Japanese Shorthorn
Kuroge Washu
Mukaku Washu
Nihon Tankaku Washu
日本短角和種
無角和種
赤毛和種
黒毛和種
wagyu cattle
Black pudding is a type of blood sausage originating in Great Britain and Ireland. It is made from pork blood, with pork fat or beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat groats or barley groats. The high proportion of cereal, along with the use of certain herbs such as pennyroyal, serves to distinguish black pudding from blood sausages eaten in other parts of the world.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pudding
2019-04-09T14:05:09Z
black pudding
The Red Delicious is a clone of apple cultigen, now comprising more than 50 cultivars, first recognized in Madison County, Iowa, in 1880
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Delicious
2019-04-13T16:47:39Z
Red Delicious apple tree
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_of_beef#British_cuts
2019-04-14T20:55:42Z
Fryer-roaster turkey: an immature turkey younger than 12 weeks old (previously younger than 16 weeks) of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin, and flexible breastbone cartilage.
Damion Dooley
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
2019-05-07T21:42:01Z
fryer-roaster turkey
An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all.
Because snails are members of gastropod, a subclass of molluscs, ... leading to aquatic invertebrates, we can't make aquatic invertebrates disjoint with terrestrial invertebrates.
Damion Dooley
https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/aquatic-invertebrate-facts
2019-04-29T19:23:38Z
aquatic invertebrate
The giant water bug is well known as an edible species in a number of different Southeast Asian cuisines. The taste of the flight muscles is often compared to sweet scallops or shrimp. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, as well as southeast China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands and New Guinea.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethocerus_indicus
https://www.eatingthaifood.com/how-to-eat-a-giant-water-bug-maeng-da-thailand/
2019-04-29T20:28:32Z
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lethocerus_indicus.jpg/180px-Lethocerus_indicus.jpg
Lethocerus indicus
cà cuống
maeng da
maeng da na
malaeng da
malaeng da na
แมงดา
แมงดานา
แมลงดา
แมลงดานา
giant water bug
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lethocerus_indicus.jpg/180px-Lethocerus_indicus.jpg
A vertebrate animal in the Aves taxon class.
Damion Dooley
2019-05-21T22:37:06Z
Aves
avian
bird
avian animal
requires discussion
A preserved food, where the moisture levels in the food product have been reduced to low levels to improve shelf life.
Damion Dooley
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-dehydration
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
2019-05-23T19:53:09Z
food (dessicated)
food (dehydrated)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-23T22:48:30Z
filled
stuffed
food (filled)
A food product organized by the process which it results from.
A food which has its flavour or taste enhanced by some process which may include the addition of flavourings.
Damion Dooley
2019-05-24T00:58:37Z
flavoured
food (flavored)
broiled
grilled
A method of precooking food where a liquid is heated to just below the boiling point. Often used to retard the spoiling of milk.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
scalding
food scalding
Milled food is food ground into smaller particles as a result of a milling process.
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T00:14:22Z
milled
food (milled)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T01:38:42Z
colored
coloured
food (colored)
The largest and main meal of the day, taken either around midday or in the evening.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinner
dinner
main meal
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T06:36:39Z
hydrolized
food (hydrolized)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T06:38:12Z
pasteurized
food (pasteurized)
peeled
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T07:03:36Z
puffed
food (puffed)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T07:04:49Z
steamed
food (steamed)
Food products manufactured from various nutritional components made to resemble conventional protein-source foods in texture such as meat, seafood, or poultry.
Damion Dooley
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/textured+food
2019-05-25T07:06:43Z
textured
food (textured)
Toasted food is is the output of a toasting process.
toasted
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T07:31:19Z
Fried food is the output of a frying process.
fried
food (fried)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T07:35:38Z
breaded
food (breaded)
Damion Dooley
2019-05-25T07:41:36Z
batter-coated
battered
food (batter-coated)
Damion Dooley
2019-06-26T21:34:09Z
alligator meat
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T07:28:57Z
milk fat
A mixture of at least two different vegetables.
Anoosha Sehar
assorted vegetables
assorted veggies
mixed veggies
Mustard greens are leaves from a mustard plant
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T08:09:44Z
mustard greens
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T13:56:51Z
boiled
food (boiled)
The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is a species of South American camelid.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca
2019-06-27T19:22:23Z
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg/433px-Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg
alpaca
Ampullariidae, common name the apple snails, is a family of large freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks with a gill and an operculum.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampullariidae
2019-06-27T20:06:49Z
apple snail
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T20:24:58Z
barramundi food product
The process of cleaning food to separate other environmental materials or body substances.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food cleaning
Food which is the output of a cleaning process.
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T22:20:32Z
cleaned
food (cleaned)
Damion Dooley
2019-06-27T22:23:20Z
cod fillet
A cracker is a flat, dry baked food typically made with flour. In UK English, crackers are sometimes called water biscuits, savoury biscuits or biscuits.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_(food)
2019-06-27T23:36:40Z
savoury biscuit
water biscuit
cracker
requires discussion
A food product that is output of a grinding process which consists of breaking up food into smaller pieces.
Damion Dooley
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
2019-06-28T03:02:40Z
ground
food (crumbled)
The grinding of food has a wide range from the fragmentation of larger dry legumes and plant seeds like coffee beans, to the grinding of meat into products like hamburger or sausage. The process may involve a meat grinder, or a pestle and mortar.
food (ground)
Flies are insects with a pair of functional wings for flight and a pair of specialized hindwings called halteres for balance.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly
2019-06-28T00:19:32Z
fly
A hulled food is a grain such as rice that has been subjected to a dehulling process.
Damion Dooley
2019-06-28T05:24:49Z
hulled
food (hulled)
Dehulling is the process of removing the hulls (or chaff) from beans and other seeds.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food dehulling
Husking of corn is the process of removing its outer layers, leaving only the cob or seed rack of the corn
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
husking
corn husking
Mink are dark-colored, semiaquatic, carnivorous mammals of the genera Neovison and Mustela, and part of the family Mustelidae which also includes weasels, otters and ferrets.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mink
2019-06-28T05:54:03Z
American mink
European mink
mink
Pabda fish is a freshwater catfish species found mainly in the pond, swamp, paddy field etc. in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and some other south Asian countries.
Damion Dooley
https://www.roysfarm.com/pabda-fish/
2019-06-28T06:24:56Z
pabda
pabda fish
Parrots, also known as psittacines /ˈsɪtəsaɪnz/, are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot
2019-06-28T06:35:57Z
parrot
A parakeet is any one of a large number of small to medium-sized species of parrot, in multiple genera, that generally have long tail feathers.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeet
2019-06-28T06:36:04Z
parakeet
A process of applying a seasoning mixture to a given food.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
seasoning
food seasoning process
Packaged food is food that has been placed in a container of some kind.
Damion Dooley
2019-06-28T17:06:16Z
food (packaged)
A process that applies packaging material to a food product for preservation, shipping and/or presentation purposes.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
food packaging process
Roasted food is more structured food that is generally subjected to a dry heat cooking process at higher oven temperature than baking.
Damion Dooley
https://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-roasting-and-baking-word-of-mouth-211695
2019-06-28T18:58:29Z
roasted
food (roasted)
Tinfoil barb is a member of the Barbonymus genus, a ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbonymus
2019-06-28T19:53:57Z
tin foil barb
tinfoil barbfish
tinfoil barb
Comminuted food is the output of a comminution process that reduces solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding, cutting, vibrating, etc.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comminution
2019-06-28T21:32:15Z
comminuted
food (comminuted)
Damion Dooley
2019-06-29T23:40:55Z
food (rehydrated)
Damion Dooley
2019-07-09T07:40:38Z
food (blanched)
Food material chopped into roughly bite-sized pieces.
Damion Dooley
2019-07-09T20:59:57Z
chopped
cut
food (chopped)
Red bananas are a group of varieties of banana with reddish-purple skin. Some are smaller and plumper than the common Cavendish banana, others much larger.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_banana
2019-07-10T07:22:07Z
red banana plant (genus Musa)
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411561
Ikejime is a method of slaughtering fish to maintain the quality of its meat. The technique originated in Japan, but is now in widespread use. It involves the insertion of a spike quickly and directly into the hindbrain, usually located slightly behind and above the eye, thereby causing immediate brain death.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikejime
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
Ikijime
活き締め
活け締め
When spiked correctly, the fish fins flare and the fish relaxes, immediately ceasing all motion. Destroying the brain and the spinal cord of the fish will prevent reflex action from happening; such muscle movements would otherwise consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscle, and as a result produce lactic acid and ammonia, making the fish sour, soggy and less tasteful. Furthermore, the blood contained in the fish flesh retracts to the gut cavity, which produces a better coloured and flavoured fillet, and prolongs shelf life. [Wikipedia]
ikajime
Damion Dooley
2019-08-04T21:43:28Z
multi-component durum wheat pasta dish
The mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) also known as mountain pawpaw, papayuelo, chamburo, or simply "papaya" is a species of the genus Vasconcellea, native to the Andes of northwestern South America from Colombia south to central Chile, typically growing at altitudes of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft) m.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_papaya
2019-08-06T19:40:26Z
chamburo
mountain papaya
mountain pawpaw
papayuelo
Carica pubescens
Vasconcellea pubescens
mountain papaya plant
Juniper ash is ash derived from the juniper tree.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper
2019-08-06T20:19:41Z
Navajo Juniper Ash
juniper ash
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822398000777
The Williams' bon chrétien pear, commonly called the Williams pear or the Bartlett pear in the United States and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia.
2019-08-06T22:13:35Z
Bartlett pear plant
Williams pear plant
Williams bon chrétien pear plant
The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868. The tree is thought to be a hybrid of Malus sylvestris, the European wild apple, with the North American apple Malus pumila as the polleniser.
2019-08-07T19:29:34Z
Granny Smith apple tree
The Fuji apple is an apple hybrid developed by growers at Tohoku Research Station in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in the late 1930s, and brought to market in 1962. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties — the Red Delicious and old Virginia Ralls Genet (sometimes cited as "Rawls Jennet") apples.
2019-08-07T20:35:58Z
Fuji apple tree
Okara, soy pulp, or tofu dregs is a pulp consisting of insoluble parts of the soybean that remains after pureed soybeans are filtered in the production of soy milk and tofu
2019-08-07T23:28:03Z
biji
dòufuzhā
dòuzhā
kongbiji
soy pulp
tofu dregs
okara
Sōmen are very thin noodles made of wheat flour, less than 1.3 mm in diameter.
2019-08-08T00:17:03Z
Dried Sōmen
somen
somyeon
sùmiàn
sùmiàn
素面
素麵
素麺
소면)
Sōmen
Synbiotic claim refers to food ingredients or dietary supplements combining probiotics and prebiotics in a form of synergism that beneficially affect the host.
2019-08-08T03:32:51Z
synbiotic claim
A yellow bean plant is a varietal of the common bean plant whose pods are yellow at maturity.
2019-08-08T05:27:59Z
Sinaloa Azufrad, Sulphur, Mayocoba, and Peruano
canary bean plant
yellow bean plant
A Heron is a long-legged freshwater or coastal bird in the family Ardeidae, with 64 recognised species.
2019-08-08T23:28:25Z
bittern
egret
heron
King crabmeat is meat that is removed from the leg of a King Crab.
2019-08-09T04:14:08Z
king crab meat
king crabmeat
Goby is a common name for many species of small to medium sized ray-finned fish, normally with large heads and tapered bodies, which are found in marine, brackish and freshwater environments. Traditionally most of the species called gobies have been classified in the order Perciformes as the suborder Gobioidei but in the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World this suborder is elevated to an order Gobiiformes within the clade Percomorpha.[1] Not all the species in the Gobiiformes are referred to as gobies and the "true gobies" are placed in the family Gobiidae, while other species referred to as gobies have been placed in the Oxudercidae.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T15:06:20Z
goby
A Scad fish is any of several species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The name scad is usually restricted to certain species in the genera Decapterus, Selar, and Trachurus. The half dozen species are marine and occur along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, except for the Mexican scad (D. scombrinus), which is found in the Pacific Ocean.[Encyclopedia Britannica, December 05, 2017; accessed August 09, 2019]
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T16:12:10Z
scad
Golden pompanos are fairly deep bodied ocean fish of family Carangidae, and are prized eating fish worldwide. They can be distinguished from other pompanos by their slightly longer dorsal fin.
2019-08-09T15:18:39Z
Trachinotus blochii
asian pompano
golden pompano
The Soldier River Barb is a native Thailand freshwater species which is distributed throughout South East Asia in Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos,Malaysia and Thailand where it is found throughout the Mekong basin and surrounding areas.
2019-08-09T15:34:19Z
Cyclocheilichthys enoplos (Bleeker, 1849)
Soldier river barb
The Roter Fusilier is a type of fish from the fusilier family, Caesionidae, in the order Perciformes. They are related to the snappers, but adapted for feeding on plankton, rather than on larger prey. They are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T15:39:16Z
roter fusilier
Sillago is a genus of fish in the family Sillaginidae and the only non-monotypic genus in the family. Distinguishing the species can be difficult, with many similar in appearance and colour, forcing the use of swim bladder morphology as a definitive feature.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T16:48:12Z
sillago
The whisker sheatfish (Micronema bleekeri Günther, 1864), is a rare species of freshwater catfish.
Emma Griffiths
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265691438_Inverted_migration_of_rare_whisker_sheatfish_in_Nong-Han_Lake_northeastern_Thailand_Implications_for_conservation
2019-08-09T17:23:20Z
Micronema bleekeri
Whisker Sheat
whisker sheatfish
The walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a species of freshwater airbreathing catfish native to Southeast Asia. It is named for its ability to "walk" and wiggle across dry land, to find food or suitable environments.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T17:28:00Z
Clarias batrachus
Hito
hito fish
walking catfish
Yellowtail is a confusing name, as it can apply to flounder, tuna and sole. It’s also the common name for several species of amberjack, sleek migratory tuna-like fish found off both U.S. coasts. The most valuable member of this family is the yellowtail farmed in Japan and featured in U.S. sushi bars under the name hamachi
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T18:54:07Z
yellowtail
yellowtail fish
Yellow hito is a type of freshwater "walking catfish" common in the Philippines.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T19:27:25Z
yellow hito
An organism that originated from a wild (non-domesticated) population.
Emma Griffiths
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T19:32:04Z
wild caught organism
wild harvested animal
Gambier or gambir is an extract derived from the leaves of Uncaria gambir, a climbing shrub native to tropical Southeast Asia. Gambier is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia where it was an important trade item into the late nineteenth century. It can be used as a tanning agent, a brown dye, a food additive and as herbal medicine. Also known as pale catechu, white catechu or Japan Earth, it is often confused with other forms of catechu.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T19:50:26Z
Japan Earth
Uncaria gambir
gambier extract
gambir extract
pale catechu
white catechu
gambier powder
2019-08-09T21:00:41Z
Spariformes
fish, spariform
The threadfin breams consist of the family Nemipteridae within the order Perciformes.
Issue: NCBITaxon claims Nemipteridae falls under spariform order.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T21:02:53Z
Nemipteridae
false snapper
whiptail bream
threadfin bream family
Nemipterus virgatus, the golden threadfin bream, is a species of threadfin bream native to the western Pacific, from southern Japan south to northwest Australia including the Arafura Sea.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T21:06:59Z
Nemipterus virgatus
golden threadfin bream
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T21:14:28Z
gorilla
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea, chana, and chole.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T21:21:05Z
chickpea plant
Black cardamom comes from either of two species in the family Zingiberaceae.
2019-08-09T22:11:41Z
Amomum subulatum
hill cardamom
black cardamom plant
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is is a type of sea urchin, commonly known as the green sea urchin because of its characteristic green color.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-09T23:29:16Z
green sea urchin
The Jersey is a British breed of small dairy cattle from Jersey, in the Channel Islands.
Emma Griffiths
The ladyfish (Elops saurus) is a species of fish in the genus Elops, the only genus in the monotypic family Elopidae
Emma Griffiths
Ladyfish are elongated, slender fish with a compact oval cross section and large deeply forked tail or caudal fin with long, slender symmetrical lobes. [https://gcrl.usm.edu/public/fish/ladyfish.php]
2019-08-11T04:53:32Z
Elops saurus
tenpounder
ladyfish
Lemurs are mammals of the order Primates, divided into 8 families and consisting of 15 genera and around 100 existing species. They are native only to the island of Madagascar. Most existing lemurs are small, have a pointed snout, large eyes, and a long tail. They chiefly live in trees (arboreal), and are active at night (nocturnal).
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-11T15:48:37Z
lemur
CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
Obsidian Soul
Damion Dooley
2019-08-11T19:55:57Z
mac and cheese
mac n cheese
macaroni cheese
macaroni and cheese
Texasfoodgawker
Kali Jeeri, also known as Centratherum anthelminticum, is a plant, and its seeds are sometimes used as a herbal medicine.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-11T21:52:52Z
Centratherum anthelminticum
Kaali Jeeri
Kalijiri
bitter cumin
Kali Jeeri
Gnetum africanum is a vine gymnosperm species found natively throughout tropical Africa. It is grown in various countries across Africa, including: Cameroon.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-11T22:22:09Z
Gnetum africanum
KoKo
afang
eru
fumbua
m’fumbua
okok
ukase
wild spinach
African jointfir plant
Precooked food has been prepared and cooked in advance so that it only needs to be heated quickly (if at all) before consumption.
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-11T22:42:04Z
precooked
food (precooked)
The Tango apple, or SweeTango (brand name) or 'Minneiska', is a cultivar of apple, and is a hybrid of two other apples (the 'Honeycrisp' and the 'Minnewashta').
Emma Griffiths
2019-08-11T22:55:18Z
Minneiska apple tree
Tango apple tree
2019-08-12T14:36:06Z
powder
food (powdered)
The kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), also known as the Dominican gull, is a gull which breeds on coasts and islands through much of the southern hemisphere. The specific name comes from the Dominican Order of friars, who wear black and white habits.
2019-08-12T22:05:27Z
Dominican gull
Larus dominicanus
kelp gull
The Hass avocado is a cultivar of avocado with dark green–colored, bumpy skin.
2019-08-12T23:01:17Z
hass avocado
Ají dulce is any of a variety of sweet perennial peppers found in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is most widely known in Puerto Rico and Venezuela, where it refers to a specific native variety of Capsicum chinense that is related to the habanero but with a much milder, smoky flavor. In the English-speaking Caribbean, it is known as seasoning pepper and is essential to a variety of traditional dishes.
cachucha
2019-08-12T23:19:40Z
'ají gustoso
Ají dulce
ajicito
ají cachucha
Ají dulce pepper plant
A white nectarine tree produces white-fleshed fruit as opposed to nectarine trees that produce yellow-fleshed fruit.
2019-08-12T23:56:19Z
white nectarine tree
A shoot of a germinated broccoli seed.
https://www.shape.com/healthy-eating/diet-tips/broccoli-sprouts-benefits
broccosprout
Food - usually a vegetable - which is cut into long thin strips, similar to matchsticks.
2019-08-13T04:43:32Z
julienned
food (julienned)
The mrigal carp (Cirrhinus cirrhosus), also known as the white carp, is a species of ray-finned fish in the carp family. Native to streams and rivers in India, the only surviving wild population is in the Cauvery River, leading to its IUCN rating as vulnerable.
2019-08-13T05:08:14Z
Cirrhinus cirrhosus
white carp
mrigal carp
The okapi (Okapia johnstoni), also known as the forest giraffe, Congolese giraffe, or zebra giraffe, is an artiodactyl mammal native to the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Although the okapi has striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe.
2019-08-13T05:16:41Z
okapi
Daniel Jolivet
A thin slice of meat from the leg or ribs of veal, pork, chicken, or mutton.
2019-08-13T05:46:09Z
cutlet
The boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), also called the red-tailed boa or the common boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the family Boidae, found in tropical North, Central, and South America, as well as some islands in the Caribbean. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive.
2019-08-13T05:49:55Z
boa
A multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophic organism within the kingdom Animalia.
Kabocha is a type of winter squash, a Japanese variety of the species Cucurbita maxima. It is also called kabocha squash or Japanese pumpkin in North America. In Japan, "kabocha" may refer to either this squash, to the Western pumpkin, or indeed to other squashes.
2019-08-22T15:40:57Z
Japanese pumpkin plant
"Kabocha can be dark green with mottled blue-gray striping, or a deep red-orange color that resembles Red Kuri. You can tell the difference between red Kabocha and Red Kuri by their shape: Kabocha is round but flattened at stem end, instead of pointed."[https://www.strongertogether.coop/food-lifestyle/winter-squash-guide]
Many of the kabocha in the market are kuri kabocha, a type created from seiyo kabocha (buttercup squash). Varieties of kabocha include Ajihei, Ajihei No. 107, Ajihei No. 331, Ajihei No. 335, Cutie, Ebisu, Emiguri, and Miyako.
kabocha squash plant
Golden zucchini is a modern hybrid summer squash (Cucurbita pepo).
2019-08-22T19:52:25Z
gold gush zucchini
golden delight zucchini
goldfinger zucchini
yellow zucchini
golden zucchini plant
2019-08-24T05:27:17Z
Apium graveolens var. graveolens
wild celery
wild celery plant
Chamaemelum nobile commonly known as chamomile, is a low perennial plant found in dry fields and around gardens and cultivated grounds in Europe, North America, and in Argentina.
2019-08-24T07:13:57Z
Anthemis nobilis
Chamaemelum nobile
English chamomile
camomile
garden chamomile
ground apple
low chamomile
mother's daisy
whig plant
roman chamomile
Myrica rubra is a subtropical tree grown for its sweet, crimson to dark purple-red, fruit.
2019-08-24T16:16:46Z
Chinese bayberry
Chinese strawberry
Japanese bayberry
red bayberry
waxberry
yamamomo
yangmei
yumberry
yángméi
ヤマモモ
杨梅
Myrica rubra tree
2019-08-24T16:43:14Z
potato puff
potato puff (dish)
The Robusta coffee plant (Coffea canephora) is a sturdy species which yeilds coffee beans of low acidity and high bitterness.
2019-08-24T18:24:57Z
robusta plant
robusta coffee plant
One or more whole skunk current berries
2019-08-24T21:23:06Z
skunk currant
skunk currant
Salvia elegans is a perennial shrub native to Mexico and Guatemala.
2019-08-24T21:26:34Z
pineapple sage
tangerine sage
Salvia elegans plant
2019-08-24T21:34:27Z
rowanberry
sweet rowanberry
Dioscorea polystachya or Chinese yam is a species of flowering plant in the yam family. It is a perennial climbing vine, native to China and East Asia.[3][4] The edible tubers are cultivated largely in Asia and sometimes used in alternative medicine. This species of yam is unique as the tubers can be eaten raw.
2019-08-24T22:18:19Z
Chinese potato
cinnamon-vine
nagaimo
山药
chinese yam plant
Dioscorea japonica is a type of yam (Dioscorea) native to Japan (including Ryukyu and Bonin Islands), Korea, China, Taiwan, and Assam.
Dioscorea japonica is used for food.
2019-08-24T22:23:52Z
East Asian mountain yam
Japanese mountain yam
mountain yam
yamaimo
Dioscorea japonica
2019-08-24T22:52:43Z
huauzontle
lamb's quarters
lambsquarters
pitseed goosefoot
Chenopodium berlandieri
Pinus edulis, the Colorado pinyon, two-needle piñon, pinyon pine, or simply piñon, is a pine in the pinyon pine group whose ancestor was a member of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora (a group of drought resistant trees) and is native to the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_edulis#Uses
2019-08-25T13:54:18Z
Colorado pinyon
Pinus edulis
pinyon pine
two-needle piñon
Colorado pinyon tree
A whole raw salmonberry is a berry harvested from the salmonberry plant.
WIKIPEDIA:Salmonberry
2019-08-25T15:04:00Z
salmonberry
salmonberry (raw)
The durian is the fruit of several tree species belonging to the genus Durio. There are 30 recognised Durio species, at least nine of which produce edible fruit, with over 300 named varieties in Indonesia, 100 in Thailand and 100 in Malaysia. Durio zibethinus is the only species available in the international market.
2019-08-25T15:12:18Z
durian tree
Perideridia oregana is a species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common names Oregon yampah and eppaw. It is native to Oregon and California in the western United States, where it grows in woodland and other habitat.
Edible Uses: Root - raw or cooked. A pleasant nutty taste. The root can also be dried and stored for later use. [https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Perideridia+oregana]
2019-08-25T15:26:22Z
eppaw
oregon yampa plant
squashberry
This class encompasses many species called "crab apple", but is there a more formal definition that excludes Malus pumila and Malus domestica?
2019-08-25T15:39:48Z
crab apple plant
crabapple plant
Catjang (Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica) is a subspecies of cowpea. The catjang plant is native to Africa, and is an erect densely branched shrubby perennial of Old World tropics.
2019-08-25T16:00:13Z
2019-08-25T16:01:59Z
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica
catjang plant
Vaccinium arboreum (sparkleberry or farkleberry) is a species of Vaccinium native to the southeastern and south-central United States, from southern Virginia west to southeastern Nebraska, south to Florida and eastern Texas, and north to Illinois.
2019-08-25T16:40:22Z
Vaccinium arboreum
farkleberry
sparkleberry
sparkleberry plant
Vaccinium elliottii (Elliott's blueberry) is a species of Vaccinium in the blueberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus). It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States, from southeastern Virginia south to Florida, and west to Arkansas and Texas.
2019-08-25T17:55:33Z
Vaccinium elliottii
elliott's blueberry
Bulgur is a cereal food made from the cracked parboiled groats of several different wheat species, most often from durum wheat.
Damion Dooley
2019-08-25T20:33:00Z
bulgur wheat
bulgur
Tapioca pearls are pebble-sized spheres of tapioca; sizes range from about 1 mm to 8 mm in diameter, with 2–3 mm being the most common.
2019-08-25T20:55:17Z
tapioca pearl
tapioca pearls
Stenodus nelma, known alternatively as the nelma, sheefish, inconnu or connie, is a commercial species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. It is widespread in the Arctic rivers from the Kola Peninsula (White Sea basin) eastward across Siberia to the Anadyr River and also in the North American basins of the Yukon River and Mackenzie River.
2019-08-26T15:01:57Z
Stenodus nelma
connie
inconnu
sheefish
nelma
Dr. Leonid Kozlov
Orange mint is a hybrid variety of mint grown for its fragrant leaves, and is a member of the Lamiaceae or Labiate family.
2019-09-10T20:31:25Z
Bergamot mint
Mentha x piperita citrata
eau de cologne mint
orange mint
A species of flowering plant in the mint family Lamiaceae.
2019-09-10T20:36:48Z
Mentha arvensis
corn mint
cornmint
field mint
wild mint
corn mint plant
A species of flowering plant in the heath family.
2019-09-10T23:31:12Z
2019-09-10T23:33:44Z
Vaccinium stamineum
buckberry plant
highbush huckleberry plant
southern gooseberry plant
squaw huckleberry plant
tall deerberry plant
deerberry plant
2019-09-10T23:57:32Z
Portuguese kale
couve tronchuda
sea kale
tronchuda cabbage leaf (raw)
A variety of kale with a long tradition in Italian cuisine, especially that of Tuscany.
2019-09-11T00:21:19Z
Cavolo nero
Lacinato
Tuscan kale
black Tuscan palm
black cabbage
dinosaur kale
flat back cabbage
palm tree kale
Lacinato kale
A subtropical marine fish, classified in family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea.
2019-09-11T03:29:10Z
Serranus scriba
painted comber
A squash-like cucurbit grown for its immature fruit, a vegetable especially popular in South Asia. It is the only member of the genus Praecitrullus.
Praecitrullus fistulosus isn't in NCBITaxon, but genus Praecitrullus is, and it has only one member, so no ambiguity if one only references that.
2019-09-11T06:20:28Z
Indian baby pumpkin
Indian round gourd
Indian squash
Praecitrullus
Praecitrullus fistulosus
apple gourd
dhemase
dilpasand
meha
round melon
tindsi
Tinda plant
2019-09-11T15:53:30Z
longan fruit food product
Ymer is a Danish soured milk product which has been known since 1930 and is made by fermenting whole milk with the bacterial culture Lactococcus lactis.
2019-09-11T17:01:37Z
Ymer
A sweet chocolate-flavored paste which is eaten mostly spread on breads and toasts or similar grain items such as waffles, pancakes, muffins, and pitas.
2019-09-11T18:37:22Z
nutella
chocolate spread
A chewy, firm pastille-type sweet similar to a gumdrop without the sugar coating, originating from the United Kingdom.
2019-09-11T18:43:11Z
wine gums
winegums
wine gum
A yogurt prepared with soy milk.
2019-09-11T19:38:25Z
soya yogurt
soygurt
yofu
soy yogurt
cupu assu
A fruit of the shea tree.
2019-09-11T22:50:21Z
shea fruit (raw)
A very thin unleavened dough used for making pastries such as baklava and börek in Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines. Filo-based pastries are made by layering many sheets of filo brushed with oil or butter; the pastry is then baked.
2019-09-11T23:03:21Z
fillo
filo pastry
phyllo
phyllo dough
filo
Soybean material ground into a thick liquid, to which gums are added to create a substance resembling real cream found in mammalian milk.
2019-09-11T23:06:43Z
soy cream
A semidried sausage traditionally made in Southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Alsace.
2019-09-19T07:15:44Z
landjaeger
MarkusHagenlocher
A liquid prepared for consumption
2019-09-13T09:24:52Z
liquid beverage
beverage
A process which takes in some food material from an individual or community of plant or animal organisms in a given context and time, and outputs a precursor or consumable food product. This may include a part of an organism or the whole, and may involve killing the organism.
This includes harvesting from plants, hunting a deer, or milking process of a cow. The food is derived from part or whole of a single organism species (with perhaps a few exceptions, such as lichen).
food harvesting
A variety of banana plant native to Micronesia
2019-10-15T14:50:17Z
"Eating one of these small bananas (about 100 g) covers the vitamin A requirement for 2 days. The Cavendish variety, on the other hand, contains almost no vitamin A. Growing vitamin A-rich banana varieties in more countries could contribute to a decline in global vitamin A deficiency." [http://www.fao.org/zhc/detail-events/en/c/446573/]
utin lap plant
Coconut oil which has been partly or completely hydrogenated.
2019-10-23T11:44:32Z
coconut oil (hydrogenated)
Winterization of oil is a process that uses a solvent and cold temperatures to separate lipids and other desired oil compounds from waxes. Winterization is a type of fractionation, the general process of separating the triglycerides found in fats and oils, using the difference in their melting points, solubility, and volatility.
fractionate crystallization
winterization of oil
2019-10-23T13:06:54Z
cupu assu oil
cupuaçu oil
A distilled, highly alcoholic beverage (45–74% ABV / 90–148 U.S. proof). It is an anise-flavoured spirit derived from botanicals, including the flowers and leaves of Artemisia absinthium ("grand wormwood"), together with green anise, sweet fennel, and other medicinal and culinary herbs.
2019-11-04T04:33:29Z
absinthe
A castrated adult cattle male (occasionally a female or in some areas a bull) kept for draft or riding purposes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology
2019-11-04T18:48:09Z
Ox as a prefix may also be used to refer to some carcass products from any adult cattle, such as ox-hide, ox-blood, oxtail, or ox-liver. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology]
ox
A tartiflette except that small squares of pasta, crozets de Savoie (usually made from buckwheat but sometimes durum) are used instead of potatoes.
2019-11-04T22:04:47Z
croziflette
A coffee-flavoured Italian dessert made of ladyfingers (savoiardi) dipped in coffee, layered with a whipped mixture of eggs, sugar, and mascarpone cheese, flavoured with cocoa.
2019-11-09T01:11:40Z
tiramisu
Alexis Fam
Red velvet cake is traditionally a red, red-brown, crimson or scarlet colored chocolate layer cake, layered with white cream cheese or ermine icing. Traditional recipes do not use food coloring, with the red color due to non-Dutched, anthocyanin-rich cocoa.
Damion Dooley
2019-11-09T01:15:22Z
red velvet cake
Hennem08
A fisheries term for several species of demersal fish with fins, particularly Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), whiting (Merluccius bilinearis), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), hake (Urophycis), pollock (Pollachius), and others.
2019-11-10T06:26:43Z
white fish
whitefish (fisheries term)
A sexually mature female bird.
2019-11-15T20:12:48Z
hen
A dual purpose medium to large drupe or stone fruit of the Olea europea tree used as table olives and for olive oil production
2019-11-16T05:03:05Z
Manzanilla de Sevilla
Manzanillo olive
Spanish olive
Manzanilla olive
A type of drop cookie distinguished by an oatmeal-based dough with raisins mixed throughout.
2019-11-16T05:43:38Z
oatmeal raisin cookie
Vegan Feast Catering from Oceanside, CA, USA
A process which separates a culinary nut's shell from its meat, leaving the meat part more or less intact.
shelling
shelling process
shell removal process
A pea variety that yeilds green-colored seeds at maturity.
2019-11-22T07:22:30Z
green field pea plant
A hind limb poultry cut of a turkey
Emma Griffiths
2020-04-01T06:42:21Z
turkey leg
An adult female swine.
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
sow
A portion of a food product presented in the general context of daily a recommended intake of a food group.
The serving size is shown as a common household measure that is appropriate to the food (such as cup, tablespoon, piece, slice, or jar), followed by the metric amount in grams (g). ... By law, serving sizes must be based on the amount of food people typically consume, rather than how much they should consume. [FDA]
2020-04-11T00:09:40Z
serving size
A specific amount of food that a food product's nutrition facts' listed nutrient quantities pertain to.
The food label serving unit is specific for each product category and designed to help consumers compare nutrient information on a number of food products within a category. [USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 1999]
2020-04-11T00:18:46Z
food label serving
An amount of a specific food an individual eats for dinner, snack, or other eating occasion.
Portions can be bigger or smaller than the servings listed in daily intake recommendations or on a food label. Many factors affect food portions, such as the individual’s age, gender, activity level, and appetite and where and when the food is obtained and eaten. [USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, 1999]
2020-04-11T00:38:57Z
portion
food portion
A percentage indicating how much a nutrient in a single serving of an individual packaged food or dietary supplement contributes to an individual's recommended daily value intake for that nutrient.
2020-04-12T06:28:15Z
percent daily value
A datum about a recommended amount of a nutrient for an individual to consume or not to exceed each day.
2020-04-12T06:37:39Z
daily nutrient value
A datum, measured in food calories, representing a potential amount of energy available in a food material to a consumer.
2020-04-12T06:54:43Z
1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 1000 calories (cal). By convention in food science, the large calorie is commonly called calorie (with a capital C by some authors) to distinguish from the smaller unit.
food calorie datum
A stalk harvested from a lemon grass plant.
lemon grass
lemongrass
West Indian lemon grass stalk
cymbopogon citratus stalk
lemon grass stalk
lemongrass stalk
A fruit ripeness characteristic in which a fruit has surpassed ripeness and is undergoing decomposition.
2020-06-05T23:09:48Z
decaying
too ripe
overripe
A fruit ripeness characteristic in which a fruit has some ripe part(s) or is about to achieve full maturity.
2020-06-05T23:42:31Z
slightly ripe
Sven Teschke
Utensils, table surfaces, slicers, pipe interiors, tank interiors, filler bowls, packaging and conveyors, hopper and other food-contact surfaces of equipment.
A surface that contacts human food or a surface from which drainage, or other transfer, onto the food or onto a surface that contacts the food ordinarily occurs during the normal course of food processing.
2020-07-28T05:01:41Z
FCS
food processing contact surface
A food product unsuitable to ingest by a consumer due to spoilage related to the type of product it is, or to product packaging or storage.
2020-07-28T14:52:37Z
food (spoiled)
food that has been grown, harvested, packed, or held under such conditions that it is unfit for food; or prepared, packed, or held under insanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health.
2020-07-28T14:52:55Z
food (adulterated)
Food contact materials are materials that are intended to be in contact with food. These can be things that are quite obvious like a glass or a can for soft drinks as well as machinery in a food factory or a coffee machine.
2020-07-31T17:07:09Z
food contact material
A female pig under the age of 1 year. The term is also often used to refer to a pig who has not farrowed, or given birth to a litter.
2020-07-31T19:33:04Z
gilt
A pig between weaning and sale or transfer to the breeding herd, sold for slaughter or killed for rations.
2020-07-31T19:33:31Z
grower
grower pig
A grower pig over 70 kg (150 lb) liveweight.
2020-07-31T19:33:46Z
finisher
finisher pig
A piglet slaughtered for its tender meat.
2020-07-31T19:34:01Z
suckler
suckling pig
suckler pig
a young pig recently separated from the sow
2020-07-31T19:34:28Z
weaner
weaner pig
Organism food material that has been harvested.
2020-08-04T05:21:57Z
harvested food material
A food product produced by sustainable agricultural practices.
2020-08-04T06:09:04Z
sustainable agriculture food product
A food product made from plant or animal cell lines incubated in a production facility.
2020-08-04T06:14:07Z
cell-based technology food product
food material that is obtained by hunting, the practice of seeking, pursuing and capturing or killing wild animals.
2020-08-04T06:19:50Z
food harvested by hunting
Food material that is obtained by foraging the natural environment.
2020-08-04T06:19:59Z
food harvested by gathering
A food product which is produced from one or more organisms, none of which have changes in their DNA as a result of genetic engineering.
2020-08-04T06:43:55Z
food (not genetically-modified)
The country or countries of manufacture, production, design, or brand origin where an article or product comes from. For multinational brands, this may include multiple countries within the value-creation process.
2020-08-04T13:31:27Z
product country-of-origin
1
A product primarily manufactured in a single country of origin, and with components coming from that country.
2020-08-04T13:47:52Z
single country-of-origin product
A product primarily manufactured within America.
2020-08-04T13:48:41Z
Made in America
Made in USA
American-made product
A single-country-of-origin product which is retailed in that country.
2020-08-04T13:54:22Z
product retailed within its country-of-origin
Food produced within a relatively short distance of where it is consumed.
2020-08-04T13:55:50Z
100 mile diet
100-mile food
local food
A plant or plant part that is obtained by foraging the natural environment.
2020-09-01T05:24:09Z
wild harvested plant
Cultivation of plants within a polytunnel or similar tunnel.
2020-09-01T14:47:38Z
tunnel farming
The rearing of domesticated animals for food.
2020-09-01T15:15:52Z
food animal rearing
An approach to animal husbandry designed to maximize production, while minimizing costs by keeping livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at high stocking densities, at large scale, and using automated feeding systems.
2020-09-01T15:16:09Z
factory farming
intensive animal farming
industrial livestock production
A technology-based approach toward food production that aims to provide optimal growing conditions throughout the development of a crop located within an enclosed growing structure such as a greenhouse or building.
2020-09-01T15:39:29Z
controlled environment agriculture (CEA) production
2020-09-01T15:50:14Z
aquaculture production
Aquatic farmed food production located offshore, in coastal areas or in freshwater lakes, open-net pens, or “cages”, that allow for free exchange between the farm and the surrounding environment.
2020-09-01T15:51:58Z
aquaculture open-pen rearing
2020-09-01T15:52:32Z
aquaculture closed containment pen rearing
Damion Dooley
2020-09-07T14:40:30Z
Food that is the output of a food harvesting process.
food (harvested)
Organism food material which has not reached harvestable maturity.
2020-09-07T17:39:48Z
pre-harvest food material
2020-09-09T19:28:43Z
Maize plant
Organism food material which has reached harvestable maturity.
2020-09-21T18:11:47Z
harvest-ready food material
A date recommended for the use of a product while at peak quality, this date is not a reflection of safety unless used on infant formula.
2020-09-22T15:01:59Z
food quality date
A dietary supplement formulated to contain little to no branched chain amino acids (BCAA), typically recommended for individuals with Maple Syrup Urine Disease.
Lauren Chan
2020-09-25T15:46:57Z
BCAA-free formula
BCAA-free medical formula
branched chain amino acid-free formula
A date which indicates when a product should be frozen to maintain peak quality. It is not a purchase or safety date.
2020-09-22T15:05:58Z
food freeze-by date
A date intended for inventory management indicating how long to display a product for retail sale. It is not a safety date.
2020-09-22T15:07:12Z
food sell-by date
A last date recommended to a consumer for the use of the product while at peak quality.
2020-09-22T15:09:40Z
best if used by
use-by date
This is also a safety date when used on infant formula regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
best if used by date
A food product's packaging date as marked by a food manufacturer or retailer.
2020-09-22T16:46:49Z
food packaging date
A food product's production or assembly date as marked by a food manufacturer.
2020-09-22T16:47:43Z
food production date
2020-09-24T20:19:39Z
jackfruit food product
A jackfruit is composed of hundreds to thousands of individual flowers, and the fleshy petals of the unripe fruit are eaten.
2020-09-24T23:35:56Z
An object aggregate of food material pieces.
2020-10-12T07:07:16Z
food (pieces)
A fruit developed to possess no mature seeds.
2020-10-12T07:15:44Z
fruit (seedless)
2020-10-14T05:24:17Z
pioppini mushroom
2020-10-26T19:03:11Z
salmon
2020-10-27T02:17:37Z
clingstone peach tree
2020-10-27T02:17:47Z
freestone peach tree
2020-10-27T04:10:23Z
berry
drupelet berry
2020-10-29T19:18:51Z
Food which is the liquid product of a juicing process.
2020-10-29T23:06:25Z
food (juiced)
2020-10-30T00:54:20Z
2020-10-30T02:54:55Z
2020-10-30T03:17:39Z
2020-10-30T03:40:22Z
crisphead lettuce
butterhead lettuce
2020-10-30T04:32:13Z
head lettuce
A group of lettuce cultivars with red leaves.
2020-10-30T04:58:21Z
red leaf lettuce plant
2020-10-30T05:07:56Z
lollo bionda
2020-10-30T06:30:03Z
Lettuce provided as a consumer product with a root ball attached to provide longevity.
2020-11-10T05:35:16Z
red onion (raw)
2020-11-10T05:35:57Z
2020-11-10T05:45:44Z
2020-11-10T05:49:20Z
2020-11-10T06:04:20Z
Honeycrisp apple
common berry
A mushroom very similar to Pleurotus ostreatus, the pearl oyster, but with a few noticeable differences. The caps of pulmonarius are much paler and smaller than ostreatus and develops more of a stem. P. pulmonarius also prefers warmer weather than ostreatus and will appear later in the summer.
2020-11-18T19:52:53Z
Italian oyster mushroom
phoenix mushroom
usuhiratake
lung oyster
2020-11-18T21:32:17Z
Barbarea verna
2020-11-18T21:35:50Z
land cress food product
2020-11-17T23:51:38Z
sugarloaf cabbage plant
2020-11-18T17:15:47Z
2020-11-18T22:06:40Z
A whole prune.
2020-11-18T22:17:04Z
prune
2020-11-19T01:03:37Z
2020-11-19T01:34:36Z
orange bell pepper plant
2020-11-19T01:59:24Z
2020-11-19T02:27:50Z
nut (raw)
2020-11-19T02:28:09Z
seed (raw)
2020-12-16T21:03:04Z
2020-12-17T02:20:02Z
A fruit that develops from the merger of several ovaries that were separated in a single flower.
2020-12-17T03:02:14Z
etaerio
aggregate fruit
2021-02-10T22:30:53Z
2021-02-10T23:03:58Z
arugula food product
2021-02-10T23:05:58Z
2021-02-10T23:24:28Z
2021-02-10T23:26:28Z
2021-02-11T00:51:26Z
2021-02-11T00:54:15Z
2021-02-11T00:55:00Z
2021-02-11T00:56:37Z
2021-02-11T00:57:42Z
Hannes Grobe
2021-02-11T02:05:17Z
2021-03-26T19:42:01Z
2021-02-11T02:55:52Z
2021-02-11T03:01:38Z
chinese cabbage food product
2021-02-11T03:08:29Z
miracle fruit
2021-02-11T03:29:40Z
2021-02-11T05:55:37Z
2021-02-11T06:04:29Z
pistachio nut food product
2021-02-11T06:16:39Z
black fonio seed (raw)
2021-02-11T06:17:41Z
A pine nut kernel with a shell, of a soft or hard shell variety.
2021-02-11T17:04:13Z
pine nut (shell on)
2021-02-11T17:40:11Z
a plant leaf food product derived from the lemon balm plant (Melissa officinalis).
2021-02-11T17:50:15Z
lemon balm food product
2021-02-11T17:57:24Z
2021-02-11T18:19:26Z
2021-02-11T18:53:47Z
chili pod
2021-02-11T23:05:33Z
2021-02-11T23:30:54Z
2021-02-11T23:52:05Z
2021-02-11T23:53:40Z
2021-03-29T05:25:16Z
soursop food product
"The flavor and aroma of its seeds have similarities with some other spices and herbs, such as star anise,[4] fennel, licorice, and tarragon. It is widely cultivated and used to flavor food, candy, and alcoholic drinks, especially around the Mediterranean." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise]
2021-02-12T17:30:18Z
2021-02-12T17:52:35Z
cayenne pepper (dried)
2021-02-12T17:56:35Z
2021-02-12T18:11:33Z
2021-02-12T18:12:58Z
2021-03-29T06:39:48Z
2021-03-30T17:17:17Z
acacia food product
cha-om leaf
A food rind which is a natural or artificial exposed layer that surrounds a cheese core.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese
2021-04-20T19:48:53Z
cheese rind
A food datum which is the proportion of a nutrient remaining in a cooked food in relation to the amount of that nutrient present in a given weight of the food before cooking.
2021-05-20T23:00:12Z
"Thus, the direct measure of true retentions requires data on the weights of the food both before and after cooking, as well as the contents of the nutrient per gram (or other unit of weight) of raw and cooked food." - Comparisons of Methods for Calculationg Retentions of Nutrients in Cooked Foods.(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1238446/)
true nutrient retention factor
A food datum which is the ratio of nutrient content in a cooked food - without inclusion of components that may have been separated during the cooking process - to nutrient content in the raw food, with both values expressed on a moisture-free basis.
2021-05-20T23:00:12Z
"The use of apparent rather than true retentions involves the assumption that solids are not lost to any practical extent with cooking. This assumption is clearly not valid for meats, which give up both fat and protein to the drippings when cooked; it is probably not valid for vegetables, legumes, and many cereal products, either. "(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1238446/)
apparent nutrient retention factor
A pork ear which is dried.
2021-05-18T15:29:20Z
dried pig ear
dried pork ear
pig ear (dried)
formed as a result of 'preservation by dehydration or drying'
pork ear (dried)
The process of combining chicken with one or more ingredients together.
2021-05-18T16:33:23Z
chicken blend
chicken mixture
2021-05-19T11:59:34Z
blend for pet
multi-component pet food product
2021-05-19T12:10:55Z
blend for cat
multi-component cat food product
2021-05-19T12:09:20Z
blend for dog
multi-component dog food product
Bird food is food (often varieties of seeds, nuts, or dried fruits) eaten by birds. The various types of bird food reflect the species of bird that can be fed, whether they are carnivores or nectar eating birds.
Rhiannon Cameron
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_food
2021-05-19T12:18:42Z
bird food
bird seed
bird feed
A nut butter made from soybeans that are roasted, crushed, and mixed with soybean oil to form a stiff textured food spread with a mild nutty flavor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean#Soy_nut_butter
2021-05-19T12:44:20Z
soya bean butter
soybean butter
soynut butter
soy nut butter
A condiment made from toasted ground hulled sesame.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahini
2021-05-19T13:26:12
tahina
tahini
Coconut meat which is frozen.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866
2021-05-19T18:29:20Z
frozen coconut meat
coconut meat (frozen)
A gouda, aged between 2 and 6 months, that ranges from semi-soft to semi-firm and has a mild, creamy pale-yellow paste.
https://culturecheesemag.com/cheese-iq/style-highlight-gouda
2021-05-20T12:56:20Z
jong gouda
young gouda
A gouda made from the first milkings after cows are led to pasture, having spent the winter indoors. This milk is rich and produces a mild-flavored and creamy cheese.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graskaas
2021-05-20T13:13:09Z
graskass gouda
hooikaas
meikaas
graskaas gouda
Cheeses that are made by traditional cheese making methods and are produced from the raw milk of animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep that are raised on small regional farms, mountain chalet farms, or mountain huts.
https://www.recipetips.com/kitchen-tips/t--1567/cheeses-of-holland.asp
2021-05-20T14:55:20Z
farmhouse style cheese
farmhouse-style cheese
farmhouse cheese
boerenkass gouda
boerenkass cheese
fermented nut food product
A non-dairy cheese made from nut milk that has been fermented and aged with probiotic cultures to develop flavor and texture.
https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-is-nut-cheese
2021-05-20T15:09:23Z
non-dairy cheese
plant-based cheese
vegan cheese
nut cheese
The coconut meat which is cut into long, wide flakes that are then dried.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut
2021-05-20T15:17:20Z
flaked coconut
coconut flake
Non-dairy, coocnut-based cheese or cheese analogue.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-0788
2021-05-20T15:22:39Z
coconut cheese alternative
coconut cheese analogue
coconut cheese
Cashew milk is a manufactured, nondairy beverage made from water-based cashew extract for flavouring and aroma.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_milk#Nut_milk
2021-05-21T10:30:10Z
cashew mylk
cashew milk
Non-dairy,cashew-based cheese or cheese analogue.
2021-05-21T10:36:12Z
cashew cheese alternative
cashew cheese analogue
cashew cheese
Non-dairy, almond-based cheese or cheese analogue.
2021-05-21T10:42:53Z
almond cheese alternative
almond cheese analogue
almond cheese
An Indian red chili powder, whose flavour range from mild to spicy hot.
2021-05-21T12:09:23Z
deggi pepper
A sauce (or paste) made from the Peruvian yellow chili pepper. It has a unique, fresh, and fruity flavour.
https://www.eatperu.com/aji-amarillo-sauce-recipe/
2021-05-21T12:17:20Z
ají amarillo sauce
aji amarillo paste
A specialty food that consists of corned beef, pork and bacon and is made by grinding the ingredients very finely and then baking it as a loaf in a bread pan until it has a crunchy brown crust.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leberk%C3%A4se
2021-05-22T13:03:45Z
bavarian loaf
fleischkase
fleischkäse
leberkas
leberkäs
leberkäse
leberkase
A meat made up from the beef cut is known as sirloin. Ground sirloin is ground sirloin meat.
FoodOn
2021-05-22T13:26:23Z
minced sirloin meat
ground sirloin
Tahini made from hulled white sesame seeds.
white tahina
white tahini
A spherical confection made of or dipped into chocolate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_balls
2021-05-22T13:44:24Z
choco ball
chocolate ball
A sandwich made with ranch dressing, which is a creamy salad dressing containing milk or buttermilk and mayonnaise.
2021-05-22T13:48:23Z
ranch sandwich
A snack consisting of rice paper filled with minced vegetables and usually meat, rolled into a cylinder and fried.
2021-05-22T13:51:34Z
spring roll
2021-08-18T17:17:09Z
A milk chocolate confection in a bar form containing cocoa, sugar and milk.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_bar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_chocolate
2021-05-22T14:22:34Z
milk chocolate candy bar
milk candy bar
milk chocolate bar
A type of round sicilian sesame bread or a sandwich using the same bread, which is covered with layers of marinated muffuletta-style olive salad, salami, ham, Swiss cheese, provolone, and mortadella.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffuletta
2021-05-22T14:23:12Z
muffuletta
muffaletta
A sandwich made from a cylindrical bread roll split lengthwise and filled with meats, cheeses, vegetables, and condiments.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_sandwich
2021-05-22T14:49:13Z
grinder
hero
hoagie
sub
torpedo
submarine sandwich
A meatball made of either beef, chicken, lamb or mutton, pork, or a mixture which is mixed with spices or onions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofta
2021-05-22T22:28:34Z
kafta
kofta
A type of salsa made from chopped tomato, onion, and serrano peppers (jalapeños or habaneros can be used as alternatives), with salt, lime juice, and cilantro.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico_de_gallo
2021-05-22T22:41:36Z
salsa cruda
salsa fresca
pico de gallo
A sliced raw meat, usually beef brisket, but sometimes lamb, or turkey is brined, partially dried, seasoned with herbs and spices, then smoked and steamed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastrami
2021-05-22T22:45:20Z
pastramă
pastrami
A mixture of atleast two different green leafy vegetables.
2021-05-22T22:50:00Z
mixed green vegetables
mixed green veggies
mixed leafy vegetables
mixed leafy veggies
mixed greens
A snack made from organic rice & corn, with a phytonutrient blend of Spinach, Kale, and other veggies.
https://www.taquitos.net/snacks.php?snack_code=584
2021-05-22T22:53:12Z
veggie booty
A semi-liquid colloidal suspension, emulsion, or aggregation used in food preparation or eaten directly as a spread.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paste_(food)
2021-05-22T22:58:09Z
food paste
food (paste)
A sandwich prepared with salad as a filling.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sandwiches
2021-05-22T23:13:19Z
salad sand
salad sandwich
A food product which involves the process of combining two or more ingredients together so that they become smooth and uniform.
2021-05-22T23:31:40Z
blended food
food (blend)
A hot dog served in a bun and topped with some sort of meat sauce, such as chili con carne. Other toppings could also be added, such as cheese, onions, and mustard.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_dog
2021-05-22T23:42:54Z
chili dog
A rawhide dog chew which is made out of rawhide from cows and is digestible.
2021-05-18T11:08:30Z
beefhide
cowhide
beefhide dog chew
The food formulated to provide puppy with the needed nutrition to become a healthy adult.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puppy_nutrition
2021-05-18T11:37:40Z
puppy food
2021-08-18T17:21:49Z
2021-08-18T17:23:37Z
2021-08-18T17:55:30Z
2021-08-18T17:58:56Z
2021-08-18T18:00:01Z
2021-08-18T18:03:57Z
2021-08-18T18:21:02Z
2021-08-18T18:37:17Z
2021-08-18T18:40:32Z
2021-08-18T20:12:43Z
2021-08-18T20:13:58Z
2021-08-18T20:15:19Z
A seed of an almond without skin.
2021-07-09T11:28:06Z
almond meat
Meat of a very young calf which is usually slaughtered as early as 2 hours or 2–3 days old (at most 1 month old).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal
2021-07-09T11:20:12Z
bob veal
Meat of a calf that is raised on a fortified milk formula diet and solid feed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veal
2021-08-07T20:53:21Z
formula-fed veal
milk fed veal
milk-fed veal
special fed veal
special-fed veal
white veal
formula fed veal
A Japanese cooking method in which food is broiled or grilled with a glaze of soy sauce, mirin, and sugar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teriyaki
2021-07-09T15:30:12Z
teriyaki
teriyaki cooking method
A feed supplement for cattle which contains extra minerals, vitamins, and other compounds in order to meet specific needs.
https://www.bentoli.com/cattle-supplements-benefits-value/
2021-07-09T15:39:02Z
cattle feed supplement
cattle supplement
animal feed supplement for cattle
A red colored powder made from Chile de árbol, a small Mexican chili pepper used in Mexican cooking.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_de_árbol
2021-08-07T21:46:09Z
de árbol powder
red arbol powder
de arbol powder
A powder made from habanero, which is a hot variety of a chili pepper.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habanero
2021-07-08T21:53:07Z
habanero powder
A herbal powder made from an Aloe vera plant (Aloe vera).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera
2021-07-08T22:01:27Z
aloe vera powder
A herbal green powder made from a leaf of Neem tree (Azadirachta indica).
2021-07-08T22:31:07Z
neem powder
neem leaf powder
A powder from a lemongrass plant (Cymbopogon citratus), which is used in food for a fresh lemon flavor.
2021-07-08T22:13:11Z
lemon grass powder
lemongrass powder
A meal (coarse flour) ground from a sweet almond.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond_meal
2021-07-09T11:58:21Z
almond meal
An almond meal ground from an almond (with the skin removed).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond_meal
2021-07-09T12:17:18Z
blanched almond meal
An almond meal ground from a whole almond (with the skin intact).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond_meal
https://www.bobsredmill.com/blog/healthy-living/what-is-it-wednesday-almond-mealflour/
2019-07-09T12:25:02Z
natural almond meal
A feed supplement for domesticated animals which contains minerals, vitamins, and other compounds intended to provide nutrition or other benefits.
2021-07-09T16:58:23Z
animal feed supplement
A sausage (usually a hot dog) on a stick that has been coated in a thick layer of cornmeal batter and deep fried.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_dog
2021-07-19T11:58:23Z
corndog
corn dog
A powder made from chia seeds.
2021-07-19T12:27:02Z
chia seed powder
An animal meat (cut) and an output of simple random sampling.
2021-07-19T12:49:31Z
random sample meat cut
random sample animal meat cut
A by product of processing poultry which is made from poultry feathers by partially grinding them under elevated heat and pressure, and then grinding and drying.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feather_meal
2021-07-19T13:06:12Z
feather meal
A pizza food product which is an assembled pizza including pizza crust, pizza sauce and toppings.
2021-08-06T12:23:03Z
pizza
A pizza that only has mozzarella and tomato toppings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita
2021-08-09T12:53:11Z
margherita pizza
A pizza made with pineapple and either ham or bacon as toppings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_pizza
2021-08-09T13:15:27Z
hawaiian pizza
A pizza made with cubed or shredded meat tossed with sweet and smoky barbecue sauce, peppers, and onion all covered with cheese.
2021-08-09T13:38:11Z
barbeque pizza
bbq pizza
barbecue pizza
A pizza made with chicken, buffalo hot sauce, cheese and onion as pizza toppings.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866
2021-08-09T13:50:23Z
buffalo pizza
A pizza that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese melted together, with or without tomato sauce.
2021-08-09T14:22:17Z
4 cheese pizza
four cheese pizza
A pizza with pesto sauce and other pizza toppings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesto
2021-08-09T16:30:17Z
pesto pizza
A pesto pizza made with chicken meat.
2021-08-09T16:31:00Z
chicken pesto pizza
A pesto pizza made with vegetables.
2021-08-09T16:31:07Z
veggie pesto pizza
vegetarian pesto pizza
A barbecue pizza made with chicken meat.
barbeque chicken pizza
bbq chicken pizza
barbecue chicken pizza
2021-09-06T20:30:42Z
conure
2021-09-06T20:39:00Z
shoat
piglet
2021-09-06T21:02:39Z
eagle
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2021-11-10T17:52:28Z
grape destemming
2021-11-10T20:58:31Z
fruit crushing
The crushing of whole grapes
2021-11-10T20:58:56Z
grape crushing
destemmed grape must
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressing_(wine)
grape pressing
A grape pressing process in which whole grapes or destemmed grape must is input directly into a grape press.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressing_(wine)
destemmed grape pressing
A grape pressing process in which whole grapes and grape clusters are input directly into a grape press.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressing_(wine)
By avoiding a maceration process, this technique limits the extraction of phenolics into white wines.
whole-cluster grape pressing
A food component separation process that accomplishes grape crushing and destemming with one device.
This process may be carried out by a "stemmer-crusher" aka "destemmer-crusher".
grape crushing and destemming
free-run grape juice
pressed grape juice
grape pomace
sweet wine
table wine (US)
2021-11-11T09:56:27Z
rosé wine must
red wine must
white wine must
A grape plant which has a genetically determined reddish skin color on its berries.
red grape plant
A grape plant which has a genetically determined light skin color on its berries, ranging from clear to light green, to tan or amber in aging berries.
white grape plant
A food transformation process which is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling or packaging of the finished liquid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winemaking
vinification
winemaking
winemaking
A food modification process which is a step in winemaking where the phenolic materials of the grape - tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds - are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maceration_(wine)
wine maceration
A wine maceration process which occurs in a room temperature environment without other atmospheric controls.????
conventional maceration
A method of maceration involving high-temperature treatment of grape must before fermentation.
https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2017/02/bioconf-oiv2017_02032
thermo-maceration
thermo-vinification
thermomaceration
Various techniques of thermo-maceration were developed on the basis of evolution of the industrial technologies. The extraction principle consists in heating the whole grapes or the crushed and destemmed grapes to high temperatures (65–80◦C), promoting the diffusion of phenolics from the skins, especially anthocyanins."[https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2017/02/bioconf-oiv2017_02032]
hot maceration
A maceration process where seeds and skins of grapes are left in contact with juice or wine for a shorter period of time.
limited maceration
A maceration process where seeds and skins of grapes are left in contact with juice or wine for a longer period of time.
extended maceration
A wine maceration process in which temperatures of the fermenting must are kept low to encourage extraction by water and added sulfur dioxide rather than relying principally on heat and alcohol to act as a solvent.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maceration_(wine)
cold soak
cold maceration
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0023643818304122
A maceration process in which whole grapes are fermented in a carbon dioxide rich environment before crushing. Fermentation occurs within grape tissue, rather than from the skin surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_maceration
This method involves filling a sealed vessel with carbon dioxide and then adding whole grapes or grape clusters. ... Carbonic maceration ferments most of the juice while it is still inside the grape, although grapes at the bottom of the vessel are crushed by gravity and undergo conventional fermentation."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_maceration]
carbonic maceration
2021-11-25T21:29:22Z
lemongrass food product
2021-11-28T06:01:02Z
adding material to container
2021-11-28T06:01:15Z
adding liquid to container
2021-11-28T06:01:23Z
adding solid to container
A plan specification for making a food product, which may have ingredient, device, action and objective specifications.
2021-11-29T21:52:28Z
food recipe
A data set which contains one or more ingredient specifications.
2021-11-29T21:52:57Z
ingredient set
A data set which contains one or more device specifications.
2021-11-29T21:53:03Z
device set
A data set which contains step specifications.
2021-11-29T21:53:10Z
instruction set
A directive information entity which specifies an ingredient and its quantity or ratio for use within a plan specification.
2021-11-29T21:53:29Z
ingredient specification
A directive information entity which specifies a device and its settings for use within a plan specification.
2021-11-29T21:53:39Z
device specification
A heating container process in which the container conducts heat by being in proximity to an open flame, a hot surface or an oven.
2021-11-30T00:03:25Z
The challenge here is to make a clean distinction between methods that immerse a cooking container in water or steam vs those that don't.
direct heating of container
A heating container process in which the temperature of contained liquid is raised to a threshold.
2021-11-30T00:09:17Z
heating liquid in container
A boiling liquid which is water.
2021-11-30T01:28:25Z
boiling water
2021-11-30T05:16:11Z
boiling mixture
2021-12-01T06:40:09Z
draining container
A food material class referenced by the concentration of some component
2021-12-22T03:49:07Z
food material by component concentration
A food material with an above average methylmercury concentration.
2021-12-22T03:55:01Z
high mercury food material
A food material with an above average fructose concentration.
2021-12-22T03:55:24Z
high fructose food material
A food material with an above average fibre concentration.
2021-12-22T03:55:39Z
high fibre food material
2022-01-31T07:16:04Z
2022-01-31T07:16:26Z
2022-01-31T07:25:36Z
2022-01-31T07:29:24Z
A celery food product derived from an Apium graveolens Dulce Group plant.
2022-01-31T07:44:24Z
celery (Dulce Group) food product
A mixture of two or more separate food components.
2021-12-14T21:47:32Z
mixed food
food mixture
2022-01-31T08:06:02Z
leaf celery stalk (raw)
2022-01-31T08:20:39Z
2022-01-31T08:27:11Z
Chinese chive leaf (raw)
2022-01-31T08:33:16Z
beetroot (raw)
2022-02-01T07:02:21Z
Mangifera minor fruit
2022-02-01T04:45:58Z
european plum (raw)
A pear from the common pear tree (Pyrus communis).
2022-02-01T04:49:03Z
common pear (raw)
2022-02-01T04:56:27Z
2022-02-01T04:59:44Z
Manchurian pear (raw)
2022-02-01T05:16:37Z
salmon (raw)
2022-02-01T07:02:40Z
Mangifera minor fruit (raw)
2022-02-01T07:53:00Z
2022-02-01T07:53:55Z
2022-02-01T07:58:44Z
Musa balbisiana banana (raw)
2022-02-01T07:59:35Z
A whole banana which is raw.
2022-02-01T08:02:16Z
banana (raw)
2022-02-01T08:09:39Z
2022-02-01T08:13:15Z
Pink apple
A whole Pink apple which is raw.
2022-02-01T08:13:25Z
Pink apple (raw)
2022-02-17T17:47:40Z
2022-02-17T21:17:02Z
2022-02-17T21:20:11Z
2022-02-17T21:24:06Z
2022-02-17T21:29:00Z
2022-02-17T21:29:50Z
2022-02-17T21:30:42Z
2022-02-19T20:18:06Z
cumin (powdered)
2022-02-17T23:10:32Z
2022-02-17T23:12:21Z
2022-02-17T23:35:05Z
2022-02-17T23:35:35Z
2022-02-17T23:49:02Z
2022-02-17T23:49:25Z
2022-02-17T23:51:49Z
2022-02-17T23:52:15Z
2022-02-19T21:05:05Z
2022-02-17T23:58:07Z
Amarelle cherry plant
2022-02-18T00:10:43Z
2022-02-19T21:30:10Z
2022-02-19T03:46:37Z
2022-02-19T03:48:35Z
2022-02-19T03:51:22Z
2022-02-19T04:36:01Z
2022-02-19T04:36:13Z
2022-02-19T04:56:30Z
A whole dried jujube fruit.
2022-02-19T05:17:58Z
jujube fruit (dried)
2022-02-19T06:24:07Z
2022-02-19T06:30:13Z
oheloberry (raw)
2022-02-19T21:30:22Z
2022-02-20T05:05:54Z
2022-02-20T05:55:07Z
2022-02-20T06:55:12Z
2022-02-20T06:57:32Z
2022-02-20T07:06:26Z
2022-02-20T07:13:23Z
2022-02-20T07:19:32Z
2022-02-20T07:19:42Z
2022-02-20T07:28:07Z
2022-02-20T07:30:02Z
2022-02-20T07:31:45Z
2022-02-20T07:43:29Z
2022-02-20T08:03:48Z
2022-02-20T08:06:27Z
2022-02-20T08:09:26Z
2022-02-20T08:09:40Z
2022-02-20T10:05:28Z
2022-02-20T10:06:29Z
A juvenile cat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitten
2022-03-04T10:32:46Z
kitten
A processed material which is referenced in an ingredient specification.
This term could probably go in the COB ontology.
2022-08-12T04:23:10Z
ingredient
The teat skin of a cow.
2022-03-21T11:33:20Z
cow teat skin
An ingredient which plays a food role in a recipe.
2022-08-12T04:26:19Z
food ingredient
A food ingredient which is not consumed as a food material on its own, but which is deliberately used during the processing or transformation of raw materials, foodstuffs, or their ingredients in order to fulfill a given technological objective.
2022-08-12T05:41:03Z
processing aid
A processing aid which has (regional) regulatory restrictions pertaining to its application or allowable limits.
2022-08-12T05:42:45Z
regulated processing aid
A food product which has regulatory restrictions about its origin, food processing or other characteristics.
2022-08-12T05:44:00Z
regulated food product
Solid food that is divided into uniformly box-shaped pieces with all sides equal.
2022-05-16T10:24:14Z
food (cubed)
A food product deriving from one or more amphibians (frog, toad, etc.).
2022-09-01T17:46:56Z
amphibian food product
A food product deriving from one or more reptiles (turtle, snake, lizard, alligator, crocodile).
2022-09-01T17:47:06Z
reptile food product
A fish found in an aquatic tropical environment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_fish
2022-06-14T16:18:23Z
tropical fish
A cut of meat which is long, narrow and boneless.
2022-06-15T10:25:51Z
meat strip
A food product which does not have any seasoning applied to it.
2022-06-15T11:40:45Z
food (unseasoned)
A food datum indicating that a food preservation process has been applied to one or more food items.
2022-09-18T02:55:10Z
food preservation applied
A food datum indicating that a food preservation process is intended to be applied to one or more food items.
2022-09-18T02:57:29Z
food preservation planned
A food datum indicating that no food preservation process has been applied to one or more food items.
2022-09-18T02:55:10Z
no food preservation applied
A food product that has undergone a process of being cut into smaller pieces, chunks or slices.
2022-08-24T11:51:23Z
food (cut)
A cow that is usually sold to feed yards for further weight gain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle
2022-08-24T12:12:34Z
store cow
feeder cow
A cow that undergoes a final fattening process prior to sale or slaughter.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle
2022-08-24T12:49:23Z
finisher cow
A cow that has been weaned and is being fed in a way to add physical bulk to its body.
2022-08-24T12:53:15Z
stocker cow
A young cow that has been weaned and consumes solid food.
2022-08-24T13:39:16Z
weanling cow
A cow that is genetically female, but has many characteristics of a male and is usually infertile.
2022-08-24T13:51:12Z
freemartin cow
A lactating sow that feeds a piglet farrowed by another pig.
2022-08-24T14:38:32Z
nursing pig
A domesticated bird that is kept by humans for its eggs, meat or feathers. Chickens, turkeys, quail, ducks, and geese are only called poultry if they aren't reared in the wild.
A young bird.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chick
2022-08-25T10:42:32Z
chick
A newly hatched animal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchling
2022-08-25T10:46:54Z
hatchling
A mature female chicken that is kept for laying eggs.
https://web.extension.illinois.edu/eggs/res02-definitions.html
2022-08-25T10:56:23Z
laying hen
layer chicken
A turkey that is kept for laying eggs.
2022-08-25T11:31:45Z
layer turkey
A young hen, especially the one less than one-year-old.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-08-25T11:33:45Z
Less than one year old or is part of a flock where no eggs have yet been laid.
pullet
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/732227/code-of-practice-welfare-of-laying-hens-pullets.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455746712000240
A mature male turkey, that is usually two years old or more.
2022-08-25T11:49:54Z
tom turkey (gobbler)
An adult male sheep that is kept for breeding and wool production.
2022-08-25T12:02:12
ram (sheep)
A castrated male sheep.
2022-08-25T12:05:56Z
wether (sheep)
A cutlet made from chicken breast.
2022-08-25T15:29:21Z
chicken breast cutlet
A food datum indicating that a no food preservation process is planned for one or more food items.
2022-09-18T02:59:06Z
no food preservation planned
A liquid which is at its boiling point under given atmospheric conditions.
2022-10-22T23:15:46Z
boiling liquid
A material processing in which a liquid gains heat.
2022-10-22T23:19:14Z
heating liquid
A heating liquid process at the end of which a liquid begins to boil.
2022-10-22T23:19:27Z
heating liquid to boiling point
A heating liquid to boiling point process in which water begins to boil.
2022-10-22T23:19:58Z
heating water to boiling point
A fish that has not reached to sexual maturity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_fish
2022-10-28T11:21:32Z
juvenile fish
A fish that is recently hatched and has reached the stage where its yolk-sac has almost disappeared and its swim bladder is operational to the point where the fish can actively feed for itself.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_fish
2022-10-28T11:24:42Z
fry (fish)
An egg or spawn of a fish that is contained within or separated from the ovary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_fish
2022-10-28T11:36:35Z
fish egg
2022-11-25T19:43:47Z
rice (cooked)
Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs.
2022-12-16T00:00:00
This is the replacement term for ENVO "animal feed" (ENVO_02000047)
animal feed
2022-12-31T18:04:57Z
rice (uncooked)
2022-12-31T18:06:53Z
Rice is a somewhat ambiguous term that allows white, brown, black etc. varietals in various stages of processing.
A piece or pieces or amount of substance derived from one or more organisms.
2023-03-02T22:30:19Z
organism piece
2023-01-01T23:29:16Z
A husk of a rice kernel.
2023-01-01T23:35:35Z
rice husk
Anatomical or other piece(s) or substance derived from one or more plants.
2023-03-02T22:31:04Z
plant material
An anatomical or other piece derived from a plant.
2023-03-02T22:34:32Z
plant piece
A collection of one or more anatomical or other pieces derived from plant(s).
2023-03-02T22:35:32Z
plant piece(s)
A piece or pieces or amount of substance derived from one or more fungai.
2023-03-02T22:41:19Z
fungal material
2023-03-04T04:59:22Z
ostrich food product
2023-05-03T04:43:34Z
thickening additive
food thickening additive
A specific set of food items that are served together during a meal, all at the same time.
2023-05-13T17:40:05Z
meal course
A boiled whole potato.
2023-06-18T03:03:13Z
potato (with skin, boiled)
A cooked spelt kernel.
2023-06-18T21:39:06Z
spelt kernel (cooked)
A characteristic of organism(s) or pieces(s) thereof, which have not had material processing that affects its biochemical composition.
2023-06-18T09:30:05Z
raw
2023-06-18T15:54:35Z
2023-06-18T22:17:23Z
bitter melon food product
2023-06-18T23:04:33Z
yellow bean (cooked)
2023-06-18T23:15:10Z
"The young sprouts of Rhus glabra trees are also edible and were historically eaten in “salads” by American Indian communities." - https://www.eater.com/2022/2/28/22947543/what-is-sumac-how-to-use-cooking-recipes
2023-07-11T20:36:27Z
mandarin orange (raw)
A traditional Icelandic cultured dairy product which originated in Norway.
2023-06-20T05:29:27Z
skyr
2023-06-19T08:06:31Z
2023-06-19T08:07:21Z
2023-06-19T08:17:12Z
A quinoa seed which has been cooked.
quinoa seed (dried, cooked)
An extra strained yogurt whch is thicker in consistency than greek yogurt.
2023-06-20T05:37:16Z
labneh
2023-06-20T05:38:40Z
greek yogurt
A dairy cow that is in a stage of its lactation cycle where milk production ceases prior to calving.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866
2023-06-21T09:50:32Z
dry cow
2023-06-20T05:56:12Z
beef heart (raw)
Cattle raised for meat production.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_cattle
2023-06-21T09:54:23Z
beef cattle
A bovine meat food product which derives from a bison (Bison)
2023-06-20T06:04:05Z
bison meat food product
Bison meat which is raw.
2023-06-20T06:14:24Z
piece of bison meat (raw)
Bison meat which has been cooked.
2023-06-20T06:14:24Z
bison meat (cooked)
Pink shrimp (Pandalus borealis) which have been cooked.
2023-06-20T06:34:48Z
pink shrimp (cooked)
2023-06-20T06:37:10Z
pink shrimp (raw)
2023-06-20T21:17:15Z
2023-06-20T21:34:47Z
delicata squash
2023-06-20T21:35:35Z
delicata squash (raw)
2023-06-20T21:48:14Z
golden acorn squash
2023-06-20T21:48:22Z
golden acorn squash (raw)
A cookware container which typically has a lid and handle.
2023-07-13T15:04:35Z
stove pot
cooking pot
A planned process that executes a food recipe specification.
2023-07-16T15:15:17Z
food recipe process
An object aggregate which has plant pieces as members.
2023-07-16T15:43:40Z
plant piece aggregate
A piece of fruit or vegetable rind or skin (exocarp and potentially mesocarp).
2023-07-17T00:34:41Z
peel
A piece of a vegetable.
2023-07-17T02:18:31Z
piece of vegetable
A process which is applied to an aggregate of objects, and which has a subprocess component part which each aggregate member part is subjected to.
2023-07-17T04:20:17Z
process on aggregate
The number of servings that a recipe with given ingredients can yield.
2023-07-18T05:25:09Z
recipe yield
A duration which is the total time required for all of a recipe's process durations, including time to prepare ingredients, assembly and cooking time.
Should parallel task overlap duration be discounted here? If one prepares a topping while cake is in the oven?
2023-07-18T05:37:07Z
recipe total processing duration
A duration which is the total time required for all of a recipe's cooking processes.
2023-07-18T05:38:07Z
recipe cooking duration
A duration which is the total time required for all of a recipe's ingredient assembly processes.
2023-07-18T05:38:30Z
recipe assembly duration
A duration which is the total time required to prepare each recipe ingredient before assembly or cooking (if any).
2023-07-18T05:39:16Z
recipe ingredient preparation duration
2023-07-30T22:17:26Z
habanero
2023-07-30T22:24:56Z
ivy gourd
A frozen characteristic which indicates the frozen material was frozen when in a fresh state.
2023-07-30T22:29:19Z
fresh frozen
2023-08-01T19:21:33Z
beef primal cut
2023-08-01T21:30:23Z
elk roast
A cutting process which outputs sliced material.
2023-08-01T23:32:07Z
slicing process
The clown featherback, clown knifefish, or spotted knifefish, Chitala ornata, is a nocturnal tropical fish with a long, knife-like body. This knifefish is native to freshwater habitats in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, but it has also been introduced to regions outside its native range. It is one of world's most invasive species.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown_featherback
2019-06-27T23:57:48Z
2023-08-01T23:35:48Z
Chitala ornata
clown knifefish
featherback
spotted knifefish
clown featherback
2023-08-02T15:48:39Z
beef sub-primal cut
2023-08-02T16:14:49Z
2023-08-03T06:18:31Z
lamb roast
2023-08-03T06:19:21Z
pork roast
2023-08-03T06:19:34Z
veal roast
2023-08-03T06:20:10Z
lamb primal cut
2023-08-03T06:21:00Z
pork primal cut
2023-08-03T06:22:23Z
veal primal cut
2023-08-03T06:23:27Z
lamb sub-primal cut
2023-08-03T06:23:46Z
pork sub-primal cut
2023-08-03T06:24:08Z
veal sub-primal cut
2023-08-03T06:30:39Z
pork retail cut
2023-08-03T06:37:52Z
lamb chop
2023-08-03T06:37:58Z
pork chop
2023-08-03T06:52:39Z
beef muscle tissue cut
2023-08-03T06:53:18Z
pork muscle tissue cut
2023-08-03T06:54:25Z
2023-08-03T06:56:17Z
piece of ostrich meat
Food which has been thawed from a frozen state. It may be raw or previously cooked.
2023-10-05T17:53:25Z
food (thawed)
A whole raw fish.
2023-10-05T21:38:04Z
fish (raw)
An undomesticated animal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife
2023-10-06T13:00:00Z
wild animal
A bird that is adapted to live within the marine environment.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabird
2023-10-06T13:11:05Z
seabird
An undomesticated bird.
2023-10-06T13:17:23Z
wild bird
2023-11-16T05:19:25Z
spring barley seed (raw)
2023-12-15T19:38:18Z
The process of removing bone from animal meat.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2023-12-15T19:51:12Z
deboning
2023-12-15T22:55:22Z
The process of grinding food such as meat.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2023-12-15T23:17:00Z
2024-01-15T09:29:58Z
food grinding
The process of cutting food such as meat into very fine pieces.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2023-12-15T23:26:58Z
2024-01-15T09:29:58Z
food mincing
2023-12-15T23:42:18Z
lamb carcass
2023-12-16T00:04:40Z
veal carcass
2023-12-16T00:43:57Z
bison primal cut
2023-12-16T00:50:22Z
bison carcass
2023-12-16T01:14:27Z
bison sub-primal cut
2023-12-16T01:17:29Z
buffalo primal cut
2023-12-16T01:21:38Z
buffalo carcass
2023-12-16T01:24:20Z
buffalo sub-primal cut
2023-12-16T01:31:10Z
buffalo retail cut
2023-12-18T17:59:17Z
field blewit
A food product which is an output of a food dicing process.
2024-02-01T00:06:02Z
food (diced)
The process of cutting food such as meat into cubic pieces.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
2024-01-15T09:29:58Z
food cubing
2024-01-15T09:48:57Z
turkey carcass
A food product which is the output of some grating process.
2024-02-01T00:09:52Z
food (grated)
2024-02-01T00:12:28Z
food (shredded)
2024-02-01T00:13:47Z
food (pulped)
2024-02-01T00:16:50Z
food (chunks)
2024-02-02T00:31:51Z
2024-02-02T00:38:45Z
2024-02-02T00:39:09Z
pig foot (raw)
Food material from a biofortified plant.
2024-03-28T23:11:45Z
biofortified food
A whole grain rice kernel which has been produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.
A subsequent cultivar developed in 2005, Golden Rice ,2 contains sufficient provitamin A to provide the entire dietary requirement via daily consumption of some 75 grams (3 oz) per day.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rice]
golden rice kernel
A nutritionally enhanced plant cultivar with increased bioavailability to humans (and other animals) that is developed and grown using modern transgenic biotechnology techniques, conventional plant breeding, and/or agronomic practices (fertilization).
2024-03-28T23:38:55Z
biofortified plant
A flour made from spelt seed.
2024-04-01T23:19:56Z
spelt flour
A raw characteristic of organism(s) or organism pieces(s) which show little or no sign of decay, and which have not been subjected to rehydration or thawing.
2024-04-19T21:25:52Z
fresh
2024-04-19T22:08:41Z
dried
2024-04-19T22:08:48Z
dried raw
A temperature characteristic which is below ambient temperature but above frozen.
2024-04-19T23:40:56Z
chilled
A chilled characteristic which indicates the chilled material is also fresh.
2024-04-19T23:42:54Z
chilled fresh
2024-04-20T04:37:02Z
thawed
A frozen characteristic which indicates the frozen material is the output of a flash freezing process.
2024-04-20T05:08:44Z
flash frozen
2024-04-20T05:30:55Z
ambient temperature
2024-04-20T06:46:51Z
foodsafe chilled
Food which has been fresh frozen.
2024-05-08T20:47:41Z
food (fresh frozen)
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order *Anura*. The use of the common names "frog" and "toad" has no taxonomic justification. From a classification perspective, all members of the order *Anura* are frogs, but only members of the family *Bufonidae* are considered "true toads". The use of the term "frog" in common names usually refers to species that are aquatic or semi-aquatic and have smooth, moist skins; the term "toad" generally refers to species that are terrestrial with dry, warty skins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog]
2024-03-25T01:09:56Z
anura
rana catesbiana
rana esculenta
rana japonica
rana nigromaculata
rana pipiens
rana sylvatica
ranidae
salientia
toad
MSW3:14100004
Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758
ass
burro
equus asinus
MSW3:14100015
MSW3:13400557
Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782)
coypu
myocastor coypus
river rat
2024-04-07T17:24:24Z
caulolatilus spp.
peeling" is the process of removing the outer covering, layer or skin from a fruit, vegetable, or plant or animal (such as a shrimp).
Damion Dooley
food peeling
2023-06-20T15:15:12Z
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
chicken breast (bone-in)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
chicken meat (ground, lean)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
turkey meat (ground, lean)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
pork meat (ground, lean)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
chicken meat (ground, extra lean)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
turkey meat (ground, extra lean)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
chicken meat (ground, medium)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
turkey meat (ground, medium)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
pork meat (ground, medium)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
turkey meat (ground, regular)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
pork meat (ground, regular)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
pork meat (ground, sirloin)
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
poultry egg
2024-06-27T19:14:50Z
poultry egg (shell on)
A pure cocoa mass in solid or semi-solid form, produced from cocoa beans that have been fermented, dried, roasted, and separated from their skins.
Damion Dooley
Like the cocoa beans (nibs) from which it is produced, it contains both cocoa solids and cocoa butter in roughly equal proportion.[wikipedia:Chocolate_liquor]
cocoa liquor
jerusalem artichoke
lox
loganberry
frozen
oat bread
sourdough
A butter flavoured candy that is rolled, cut into small pieces and wrapped in wax paper to keep it soft.
butter chew
chewable butter candy
An italian, semi-hard cheese made from cow's milk, aged for a minimum of four months with a very sharp taste.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provolone
2021-05-19T17:58:23Z
provolone
naranjilla
SUBSET_SIREN:F5323
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014
* preservation by freezing FOODON:03470136
food (precooked, frozen)
SUBSET_SIREN:F9850
A hare stew originating in the mountainous parts of northern and central Italy.
SUBSET_SIREN:F5893
SUBSET_SIREN:F6690
subset_siren
SIREN DB annotation:
* organic food claim or use FOODON:03510128
food (organically grown)
A pizza with pepperoni topping.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni
2021-08-09T12:39:12Z
deep-fried
whiskey
whisky
Must determine if "sea trout" and "brown trout" are truely synonymous, and if so, to make some sea trout entries deprecated.
giant river prawn
atlantic pollock
eastern halibut fillet (raw)
2021-02-12T00:41:41Z
A leaf of the chinaberry tree, which is normally toxic to humans and animals.
chinese cabbage
Smoked food is food exposed to smoke from fire for a longer duration of time. This definition diverges from LanguaL's usage, which includes food having a smoke additive ingredient.
Damion Dooley
2019-06-20T03:03:53Z
smoked
A frankfurter made of turkey meat.
2021-07-19T12:05:12Z
turkey frank
2023-12-18T11:28:23Z
INDEX:FUNGORUM
Tricholoma nauseosum (A. Blytt) Kytöv.
It is prized by the Japanese and Chinese for its distinct spicy-aromatic odor.
pot pie
A savory, sweet, and spicy fermented condiment popular in Korean cooking.
red chilli paste
A style of beer that was developed in London, England in the early eighteenth century. It was well-hopped and dark in appearance owing to the use of brown malt.
Rhiannon Cameron
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_(beer)
double porter
extra porter
stout porter
A type of candy that is rolled, cut into small pieces and wrapped in wax paper to keep it soft. It is usually fruit-flavored, but other flavors are common as well.
chew
chews
candy chew
chewable candy
CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
Steven Depolo from Grand Rapids, MI, USA
Not sure what this product is. There is reference to "americano" grapes here: https://justhungry.com/2006/09/produce_grapes.html
Fish crackers are deep fried crackers made from fish and spices that serve as flavouring. The crackers also mixed with tapioca flour and/or sago flour as the main ingredients and the salt, sugar and MSG as seasonings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_cracker
An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium.
Damion Dooley
pea plant edible seed cultivars
*Archaeogastropoda* (also known as *Aspidobranchia*) was a taxonomic order of sea snails used in older classifications of gastropods, i.e. snails and slugs. *Archeogastropoda* are marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks, mainly mainly herbivores, typically having two gills and a double-chambered heart, with the eggs and sperm discharged directly into the water. They were traditionally regarded as a relatively primitive group.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogastropoda]
aspidobranchia
archaeogastropod
Examples of stem vegetables are kohlrabi, celery, fennel and rhubarb. Examples of shoot vegetables are asparagus, hop, bamboo shoots and taugé.
A vegetable having shoot or stem which can be cooked and eaten.
shoot vegetable
spear vegetable
stem or spear vegetable plant
fruit plant used as vegetable
Having a skeleton made up mainly of cartilage, as any of a class (Chondrichthyes) of fishes (cartilaginous fish), including sharks, rays, and skates (Source: Webster's).
chondrichthyes
fish, cartilaginous
*Mesogastropoda* was for many years a traditional taxonomic group of snails, an order. The order was composed mostly of sea snails, but it also included some land snails and freshwater snails, all of which were prosobranch gastropod mollusks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesogastropoda]
mesogastropod
polysaccharide-producing plant
*Neogastropoda* is a taxonomic order of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. *Neogastropoda* includes many well-known gastropods including the cone snails, conchs, mud snails, olive snails, oyster drills, tulip shells, and whelks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogastropoda]
neogastropoda
neogastropod
pectin-producing plant
sugar-producing plant
plant used for producing extract or concentrate
gum-producing plant
hemicellulose-producing plant
fiber-producing plant
cellulose-producing plant
starch-producing plant
oil-producing plant
vegetable-producing plant, root, tuber or bulb
alpine cranberry
cowberry
vaccinium vitis-idaea
lingonberry plant
Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acipenseriformes]
acipenseriformes
aciperseriformes
fish, acipenseriform
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in the water for most or all of its lifetime.
This is equivalent to:
'fish (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)' or 'crustacean (food source)' or 'echinoderm (food source)' or 'coelenterate (food source)'
However, this disjunction appears to be a burden on reasoners, and so this is currently not implemented.
fish or lower water animal
tropical or subtropical nut producing plant
A flatfish is a member of the order Pleuronectiformes of ray-finned demersal fishes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward, and others face either side upward. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatfish]
flat-fish
flat-fishes
flatfish
flatfish, flounder
flounders
pleuronectiformes
fish, pleuronectiform
tropical or subtropical fruit producing plant
A family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and West and Central Pacific Ocean. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleidae
soleidae
true sole
sole family
great northern bean plant
Soletellina diphos (Linnaeus 1771)
hiatula diphos
purple clam
soletellina diphos
diphos sanguin
chinese pea
edible-podded pea
mangetout pea
sugar pod garden pea
The name mangetout (French for "eat all") can apply both to snow peas and to snap peas.[Wikipedia]
pea plant edible pod cultivars
agar-agar
agar plant
floret plant used as vegetable
The *Ictaluridae*, sometimes called ictalurids, are a family of catfish native to North America, where they are important food fish and sometimes as a sport fish. The family includes about 51 species, some commonly known as bullheads, madtoms, channel catfish, and blue catfish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictaluridae]
ictaluridae
bullhead catfish family
Any chemical or chemical mixture that exists in a food material or was added to a food material.
LanguaL curation note: A chemical food component is a food substance derived from a nonliving source (e.g., salt, water or synthesized compounds).
Note however that the LanguaL category includes additives which may be naturally derived, such as agar.
chemical food component
pea plant, smooth wrinkled crosses
scomber spp.
mackerel
caranx spp.
jack
The sultana grape is cultivated in the United States under the name Thompson Seedless, named after William Thompson, a viticulturist who was an early grower in California and is sometimes credited with the variety's introduction.
WIKIPEDIA:Thompson_Seedless
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
sultana grape plant
Vitis vinifera L.
thompson seedless grape plant
grain or seed-producing plant
carbohydrate-producing plant
protein-producing plant
MANSFELD:23998
Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
brassica pekinensis
brassica rapa var. pekinensis
celery cabbage
chinese cabbage
heading chinese cabbage
napa
napa cabbage
pe-tsai cabbage
shantung cabbage
chinese or celery cabbage plant
The Valencia Orange is a sweet orange first hybridized by California pioneer agronomist and land developer William Wolfskill, on his farm in Santa Ana, United States.
WIKIPEDIA:Valencia_orange
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
california valencia orange plant
vegetable-producing plant, above-ground parts
vegetable-producing plant, most parts
Shellfish is a food source and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater. In addition, a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example *Cardisoma guanhumi* in the Caribbean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish]
This is equivalent to:
'crustacean (food source)' or 'shellfish (food source)'
However, this has not been implemented due to reasoner performance on FoodOn.
shellfish or crustacean
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
bush bean plant
pole bean plant
phaseolus vulgaris, edible pod cultivar (plant)
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
black bean (phaseolus)
phaseolus vulgaris, edible seed cultivar (plant)
temperate-zone nut producing plant
A boysenberry is a cross between a European Raspberry (*Rubus idaeus*), a Common Blackberry (*Rubus fruticosus*), and a Loganberry (*Rubus × loganobaccus*) .
WIKIPEDIA:Boysenberry
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus hybr.
rubus loganobaccus x laciniatus x idaeus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. boysen
boysenberry plant
Huckleberry is a name used in North America for several plants in two closely related genera in the family *Ericaceae: Gaylussacia* and *Vaccinium*. While some *Vaccinium* species, such as the Red Huckleberry, are always called huckleberries, other species may be called blueberries or huckleberries depending upon local custom. Similar Vaccinium species in Europe are called bilberries. Berries range in color according to species from bright red, through dark purple, and into the blues. In taste the berries range from tart to sweet, with a flavor similar to that of a blueberry, especially in blue/purple colored varieties. [Wikipedia : ]
WIKIPEDIA:Huckleberries
gaylussacia spp.
vaccinium spp.
huckleberry plant
A lime is a hybrid citrus fruit, which is typically round, lime green, 3-6 centimetres (1.2-2.4 in) in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles. There are several species of citrus trees whose fruits are called limes, including the Key lime (*Citrus aurantifolia*), Persian lime, kaffir lime, and desert lime. Limes are a rich source of vitamin C, sour and are often used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. They are grown year-round. Plants with fruit called "limes" have diverse genetic origins; limes do not form a monophyletic group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(fruit)]
MANSFELD:7576
PLANTS:CIAU7
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm. & Panz.) Swingle
Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle
Citrus ×aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle (pro sp.)
citrus aurantiifolia
citrus medica var. acida
indian lime
key lime
sour lime
lime (citrus) plant
The sultana (also called the sultanina) is a type of white, seedless grape assumed to originate from the Turkish, Greek, or Iranian area.
Unprocessed sultanas must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Apyrena.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Sultana_(grape)
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
Vitis vinifera L.
sultana
sultana grape plant
"Slicing" or "globe" tomatoes are the usual tomatoes of commerce, used for a wide variety of processing and fresh eating.
PLANTS:SOLY2
globe tomato plant
*Penaeidae* is a family of marine crustacean in the suborder *Dendrobranchiata*, which are often referred to as penaeid shrimp or penaeid prawn. It contains many species of economic importance, such as the tiger prawn, whiteleg shrimp, Atlantic white shrimp and Indian prawn. Many prawns are the subject of commercial fishery, and farming, both in marine settings, and in freshwater farms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeidae]
WIKIPEDIA:Penaeus
EC:No 216/2009 DCP
Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888
Natantia
dendrobranchiata
natantia
natantian decapods
penaeid shrimps
penaeidae
penaeid shrimp family
A pine is any conifer in the genus *Pinus*, of the family *Pinaceae*. Some species have large seeds, called pine nuts, that are harvested and sold for cooking and baking. The soft, moist, white inner bark (cambium) found clinging to the woody outer bark is edible and very high in vitamins A and C. A tea made by steeping young, green pine needles in boiling water (known as tallstrunt in Sweden) is high in vitamins A and C. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine]
PLANTS:PINUS
Pinus
Pinus L.
Pinus spp.
pinus
pinus genus tree
scorpaenidae
scorpionfish family
Ictiobus Rafinesque, 1820
ictiobus spp.
buffalofish
*Sicyonia* is a genus of prawns, placed in its own family, *Sicyoniidae*. It differs from other prawns in that the last three pairs of its pleopods are uniramous, rather than biramous as seen in all other prawns. Sicyonia contains 52 extant species [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicyonia]
rock shrimps
sicyoniidae
sicyoniid shrimp family
jack and horse mackerel
scad and horse mackerels
trachurus spp.
saurel
*Prunus avium*, commonly called wild cherry, sweet cherry, or gean, is a species of cherry, a flowering plant in the rose family, *Rosaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_avium]
MANSFELD:9202
PLANTS:PRAV
Prunus avium (L.) L.
prunus avium
sweet cherry plant
Brassica juncea, commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_juncea#Food
MANSFELD:24014
PLANTS:BRJU
Chinese mustard
Oriental mustard
brassica juncea
indian mustard
leaf mustard
mustard spinach
vegetable mustard
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.
brown mustard
brown mustard plant
MANSFELD:23925
PLANTS:BROLB
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
cauliflower plant
A large rooted white skinned and fleshed variety popular in Belgium and France for forage for animals but also used for human consumption.
belgian carrot plant
PLANTS:RUIDI
PLANTS:RUIDS2
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus
Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus L.
Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus idaeus var. idaeus L.
american red raspberry
european red raspberry
rubus idaeus
western red raspberry
red raspberry plant
The black-eyed pea, black-eyed bean or goat pea, a legume, is a subspecies of the cowpea, grown around the world for its medium-sized, edible bean.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-eyed_pea]
PLANTS:VIUN
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
black-eyed bean
blackeyed bean
goat pea
southern pea
vigna unguiculata unguiculata
blackeyed pea plant
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
casaba melon plant
Pear tomato or teardrop tomato is the common name for any one in a group of indeterminate heirloom tomatoes. It originated in Europe in the 1700s. There are yellow, orange, and red varieties of this tomato; the yellow variety being most common. They are generally sweet, and are in the shape of a pear, but smaller.
Pear tomatoes are commonly eaten raw, but can also be used as a garnish, as an ingredient in many different dishes and sauces, or in drinks.
WIKIPEDIA:Pear_tomato
italian tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. pyriforme
pear tomato plant
kidney bean plant
savory
winter savory
satureja montana
winter savory plant
The family *Pandalidae* is a taxon of caridean shrimp. These species are commonly called pandalid shrimp. They are edible and have high economic value. They are characterised by the subdivided carpus of the second pereiopod and, mainly, by the lack of the chelae (claws) on the first pereiopod. This is a cold-water family, and their representation in tropical areas is made by deep-sea shrimp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandalidae]
pandalid shrimps
pandalid shrimps nei
pandalidae
pink shrimps
pandalid shrimp family
*Rubus* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, subfamily *Rosoideae*, with 250-700 species. Raspberries, blackberries, and dewberries are common, widely distributed members of the genus. Most of these plants have woody stems with prickles like roses; spines, bristles, and gland-tipped hairs are also common in the genus. The Rubus fruit, sometimes called a bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. The term "cane fruit" (or "cane-fruit") applies to any Rubus species or hybrid which is commonly grown with supports such as wires or canes, including raspberries, blackberries, and hybrids such as loganberry, boysenberry, marionberry and tayberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus]
rubus spp.
bramble berry plant
A mammal that is primarily ocean-dwelling or depends on the ocean for its food.
WIKIPEDIA:Marine_mammal
Mammals originally evolved on land, but later marine mammals evolved to live back in the ocean. There are five groups of marine mammals: (1) Order Sirenia: the manatee, dugong, and sea cow. (2) Order Carnivora, family Ursidae: the polar bear. (3) Order Carnivora, infrafamily Pinnipedia: the seal, sea lion, and walrus. (4) Order Carnivora, family Mustelidae: the Sea Otter and Marine Otter. (5) Order Cetacea: the whale, dolphin, and porpoise.
cetacea
marine mammal
savory
MANSFELD:16404
satureja hortensis
summer savory
Satureja hortensis L.
summer savory plant
clupeidae
herring family
Guineafowl are birds of the family Numididae in the order Galliformes. They are endemic to Africa and rank among the oldest of the gallinaceous birds.
numididae
oncorhynchus
salmon, pacific
pacific salmon
*Salmonidae* is a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, which collectively are known as the salmonids. The Atlantic salmon and trout of the genus *Salmo* give the family and order their names. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonidae]
salmonidae
trout and salmon family
Persian melon, binomial name *Cucumis melo*, is a type of melon. It is orange in color and has a strongly netted, unridged rind. It is also known as the "Patelquat".
WIKIPEDIA:Persian_melon
persian melon plant
Mammals (from Latin mamma "breast") are vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia, and characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal
mammal
Numerous species of sea snails and freshwater snails. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail]
freshwater snails
marine snails
sea snails
water snail
Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae
In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. [Wikipedia]
MSW3:14200054
porcine
sus domesticus
sus scrofa
sus scrofa domesticus
Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758
hog
pig
swine
merluccius productus
pacific hake
pacific whiting
Squatina Duméril, 1806
squatina spp.
angel shark genus
Rutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.
Citrus is a common term and genus (*Citrus*) of flowering plants in the rue family, *Rutaceae*. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar (Burma) and the Yunnan province of China. Citrus fruit has been cultivated in an ever-widening area since ancient times; the best-known examples are the oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes.
WIKIPEDIA:Rutaceae
rutaceae
citrus family
fruit-producing plant
white pepper
white pepper plant
Aquatic animals other than fish and shellfish
aquatic invertebrate animal (excluding shellfish)
cheilopogon spp.
cypselurus spp.
exocoetus spp.
hirundichthys spp.
parexocoetus spp.
flyingfish
* Ocimum minimum* is a species of plant in the *Lamiaceae* family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_minimum]
Ocimum minimum L.
dwarf basil
ocimum minimum
bush basil
MANSFELD:23561
Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
armoracia lapathifolia
horseradish plant
white popcorn plant
CEC1993:1063
Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden redfish
norway haddock
ocean perch
rockfish (ocean perch)
sebastes marinus
redfish or ocean perch
*Trichiurus* is a genus of cutlassfishes belonging to the family *Trichiuridae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlassfish]
Trichiurus Linnaeus, 1758
Trichiurus spp.
hairtail fish
trichiurus spp.
cutlassfish
The *Ariidae* or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariidae]
ariidae
sea catfish family
A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family *Fabaceae* (or *Leguminosae*). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume]
fabaceae
pod or seed vegetable plant
Gadiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, also called the Anacanthini, that includes the cod and its allies. Many major food fish are in this order. They are found in marine waters throughout the world and the vast majority of the species are found in temperate or colder regions (tropical species are typically deep-water). A few species may enter estuaries but only one, the burbot (*Lota lota*), is a freshwater fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadiformes]
gadiformes
fish, gadiform
*Ribes* is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants native throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually treated as the only genus in the family *Grossulariaceae*. Seven subgenera are recognized.
WIKIPEDIA:Ribes
ribes spp.
ribes berry plant
*Palaemonidae* is a family of shrimp in the order Decapoda. Two subfamilies are distinguished: *Palaemoninae* and *Pontoniinae*. *Palaemoninae* are mainly carnivores that eat small invertebrates and can be found in any aquatic habitat except the deep sea. The most significant genus is *Macrobrachium*, which contains commercially fished species. *Pontoniinae* inhabit coral reefs [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonidae]
CEC1993:1236
Palaemonidae
freshwater prawns
freshwater shrimps
palaemonid shrimps
palaemonidae
palaemonid shrimp family
agnatha
fish, jawless
CEC1993:665
Trachurus trachurus
Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scad
trachurus trachurus
atlantic horse mackerel
MANSFELD:7306
Acer saccharum Marsh.
sugar maple plant
green olive plant
black olive plant
Turnip greens = turnip tops = turnip salad = Hanover greens.
Damion Dooley
PLANTS:BRRA
brassica rapa var. perviridis
hanover greens
turnip greens
turnip tops
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
turnip salad
turnip greens plant
MANSFELD:16336
Thymus serpyllum L.
thymus serpyllum
thyme, wild (plant)
edible seed producing plant
A green leafy vegetable
MANSFELD:276
PLANTS:BEVUC
Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla (L.) Koch
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beta vulgaris var. cicla
leaf beet
mangold
silver beet
spinach beet
swiss chard
chard plant
Public domain
Neelix at English Wikipedia
Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to south and southwest Asia.
kalojeere
kalonji
nigella
black caraway
black cumin
nigella sativa
nutmeg flower
roman coriander
black cumin plant
The Muscat variety of grapes of the species *Vitis vinifera* is widely grown for wine, raisins and table grapes.
Unprocessed dried muscatel grapes must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) Vitis vinifera L. muscatel.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
WIKIPEDIA:Muscat_grape
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
Vitis vinifera L.
muscat grape
muscat grape plant
flavor-producing plant
herb-producing plant
spice or flavor-producing plant
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flock_of_sheep.jpg/316px-Flock_of_sheep.jpg
mutton (meat)
ovis spp.
The *Moronidae* are a family of perciform fishes, commonly called the temperate basses, consisting of at least six freshwater, brackish water, and marine species. The members of this family are most commonly found near the coastal regions of eastern North America (including the Gulf of Mexico), northern Africa, and Europe. The family includes the genera *Morone* and *Dicentrarchus*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moronidae]
The members of the family *Percichthyidae* are known as the temperate perches. They belong to the order Perciformes, the perch-like fishes. Almost 40 species of percichthyids are now recognised, grouped in 10 genera. Most but not all are exclusively freshwater fishes. They are mainly found in Australia, but species are also found in southern South America (Percichthys) and eastern Asia (Coreoperca and Siniperca).
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_perch]
moronidae
percichthyidae
temperate bass families
In the United Kingdom and the United States, "butter beans" refers to either dried beans which can be purchased to rehydrate, or the canned variety which are ready to use. In culinary use there, lima beans and butter beans are distinct, the latter being large and yellow, the former small and green. In areas where both are considered to be lima beans, the green variety may be labelled as "baby" (and less commonly "junior") limas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean]
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
Phaseolus lunatus L.
baby lima bean plant
Also known as borlotti bean in Italy, the cranberry bean has a large, knobby beige pod splotched with red. The beans inside are cream-colored with red streaks and have a delicious nutlike flavor. Cranberry beans must be shelled before cooking. Heat diminishes their beautiful red color. They're available fresh in the summer and dried throughout the year.
borlotti bean
shell bean
shellout
phaseolus vulgaris
cranberry bean plant
cusparia trifoliata
galipea officinalis
angostura tree
Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several squash species within the genus Cucurbita. It differs from summer squash in that it is harvested and eaten in the mature fruit stage when the seeds within have matured fully and the skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this fruit can be stored for use during the winter.
curcurbita
winter squash
Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita pepo
cucurbita maxima
winter squash plant
Californiacondor
MANSFELD:4153
Cucurbita pepo L.
cucurbita pepo
yellow crookneck squash
yellow squash
summer squash plant
MANSFELD:9964
Piper nigrum L.
black pepper
malabar black pepper
black pepper plant
Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (*Citrus × aurantium*) and its fruit.
Many varieties of bitter orange are used for their essential oil, and are found in perfume, used as a flavoring or as a solvent. The Seville orange variety is used in the production of marmalade. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_orange]
MANSFELD:7658
PLANTS:CIAU8
PLANTS:CIAUA
Citrus aurantium L.
Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium
Citrus ×aurantium L. (pro sp.)
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. aurantium
bigarade
bitter orange
citrus aurantium
citrus aurantium var. aurantium
citrus vulgaris
seville orange
sour orange plant
head vegetable plant
dogfish shark
spurdog
squalus spp.
spiny dogfish
Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea]
PLANTS:VIUN
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
vigna unguiculata
crowder pea plant
MANSFELD:15206
Laurus nobilis L.
bay laurel leaf
bay leaf
laurel
laurus nobilis
bay plant
A chicken younger than 10 weeks old (previously younger than 13 weeks), of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and flexible breastbone cartilage.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
broiler
broiler chicken
fryer chicken
broiler chicken
Thyme is an aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The most common variety is *Thymus vulgaris*. Thyme is of the genus Thymus of the mint family (*Lamiaceae*), and a relative of the oregano genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyme]
MANSFELD:16318
PLANTS:THYMU
Thymus
Thymus L.
Thymus spp.
Thymus vulgaris L.
thyme, common
thyme, white
thymus spp
thymus vulgaris
thyme plant
The cowpea (*Vigna unguiculata*) is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus *Vigna. Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall it is an important crop in the semi-arid regions across Africa and other countries. It requires very few inputs, as the plants root nodules are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, making it a valuable crop for resource poor farmers and well-suited to intercropping with other crops. The whole plant is used as forage for animals, with its use as cattle feed likely responsible for its name. Four subspecies of cowpea are recognised, of which three are cultivated. Cultivated cowpeas are known by the common names black-eyed pea, southern pea, yardlong bean, catjang, and crowder pea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpea]
MANSFELD:27303
PLANTS:VIUN
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. unguiculata
vigna sinensis
vigna unguiculata
cowpea plant
A dairy cow is an adult female member of a dairy cattle breed
cow
domesticated cattle
dairy cow
aplodinotus spp.
river drum
thunderpumper
freshwater drum genus
calamari
loliginidae
squid
A plum is a fruit of the subgenus *Prunus* of the genus *Prunus*. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera (peaches, cherries, bird cherries, etc.) in the shoots having terminal bud and solitary side buds (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum
plum plant
squash plant
MANSFELD:13652
PLANTS:GOSSY
Gossypium L.
gossypium spp.
cotton plant
nut producing plant
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum. In many contexts, potato refers to the edible tuber, but it can also refer to the plant itself.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Potato_plants.jpg/640px-Potato_plants.jpg
MANSFELD:5808
PLANTS:SOSU
Solanum tuberosum L.
irish potato
solanum tuberosum
white potato
potato plant
Insecta
insecta
insect
A gill-bearing aquatic craniate animal that lacks limbs with digits.
Damion Dooley
"Most fish are ectothermic ('cold-blooded'), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish
fish
Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats. These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval.
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus *Rosa*, in the family *Rosaceae*, or the flower it bears. There are over a hundred species and thousands of cultivars. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose]
PLANTS:ROSA5
Rosa
Rosa L.
Rosa spp.
rosa
rosaceae
rosae
rose plant
MANSFELD:10138
PLANTS:SEOR4
simsim
Sesamum indicum L.
Sesamum orientale L.
sesamum indicum
sesamum orientale
sesame plant
The carrot (*Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*) is a root vegetable, usually orange, purple, red, white, or yellow in colour, with a crisp texture when fresh. The edible part of a carrot is a taproot. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot *Daucus carota*, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. It has been bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot, but is still the same species. [Wikipedia]
\n\n*Daucus carota* (common names include wild carrot, (UK) bird's nest, bishop's lace, and (US) Queen Anne's lace) is a flowering plant in the family *Apiaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, southwest Asia and naturalised to northeast North America; domesticated carrots are cultivars of a subspecies, *Daucus carota* subsp. *sativus*. Like the cultivated carrot, the wild carrot root is edible while young, but quickly becomes too woody to consume. [Wikipedia]
daucus carota
MANSFELD:1080
baby carrot plant
bird's nest
queen anne's lace
wild carrot plant
Daucus L.
Daucus carota L.
Daucus carota L. subsp. carota
Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Daucus carota ssp. carota L.
Daucus carota ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
LanguaL curation note: Use for both wild and domesticated (garden) carrot. The is some disagreement concerning the scientific name.
carrot plant
MANSFELD:33890
PLANTS:HOVU
Hordeum vulgare L.
hordeum vulgare
barley plant
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Berries are typically juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet or sour, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, red currants, and blackcurrants.
The scientific usage of the term "berry" differs from common usage. In scientific terminology, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower in which the outer layer of the ovary wall develops into an edible fleshy portion (pericarp). The definition includes many fruits that are not commonly known as berries, such as grapes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants (aubergines) and bananas. Fruits excluded by the botanical definition include strawberries, raspberries, and blackberries, which are aggregate fruits, and mulberries, which are multiple fruits. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry]
berry plant
MANSFELD:36372
PLANTS:ZEMA
Zea mays L.
maize
zea mays
LanguaL curation note: Use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereals or snack foods having 'corn' as the main ingredient.
Zia mays plant
calamus spp.
porgy
CEC1993:200
Sprattus sprattus
Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758)
clupea sprattus
european sprat
sprattus sprattus
sprat
The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas. Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy wattle or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a snood). They are among the largest birds in their ranges. As in many galliformes, the male is larger and much more colorful than the female.
turkey
meleagris spp.
turkey (bird)
caridea
crangonidae
palaemondidae
penaeidae
prawn
MANSFELD:23971
Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa
brassica rapa var. rapifera
turnip plant
opisthonema spp.
thread herring
Turtles are reptiles of the order *Testudines* (the crown group of the superorder *Chelonia*), characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs that acts as a shield.Species of the zoological order *Chelonia*.
chelonia
malaclemys
terrapin
testudines
istiophorus spp.
makaira spp.
tetrapturus spp.
marlin
An apple tree (Malus pumila species in genus Malus), is cultivated worldwide as a fruit tree, providing sweet, edible fruit. Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple
MANSFELD:8860
Malus domestica Borkh.
malus communis
malus domestica
pyrus malus
Malus pumila encompasses over 7,500 apple cultivars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars).
apple tree
Capparis spinosa, the caper bush, also called Flinders rose, is a perennial plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers. The plant is best known for the edible flower buds (capers), often used as a seasoning, and the fruit (caper berries), both of which are usually consumed pickled.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:24347
Capparis spinosa L.
capparis spinosa
caper plant
Rapeseed (*Brassica napus*), also known as rape, oilseed rape, charlock (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family *Brassicaceae* (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed]
MANSFELD:24078
brassica napus
rape plant
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg. var. napus
canola
canola plant
oilseed rape plant
rapeseed plant
The taxonomies given vary widely.
capsicum
capsicum annuum
green or red pepper plant
tetraoninae
grouse
Geese are waterfowl belonging to the tribe Anserini of the family *Anatidae*. This tribe comprises the genera *Anser* (the grey geese), *Branta* (the black geese) and *Chen* (the white geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the shelducks, have "goose" as part of their names. More distantly related members of the family *Anatidae* are swans, most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks, which are smaller.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose]
anser spp.
branta spp.
chen spp.
trifolium spp.
clover plant
MANSFELD:12338
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
caryophyllus
eugenia aromatica
syzygium aromaticum
clove plant
salmo except salmo salar
trout
busycon
strombus spp.
conch
A member of the group of eukaryotic organisms in the kingdom Fungi that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms.
fungi
fungus
BorgQueen
MANSFELD:1536
PLANTS:FOVU
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
foeniculum vulgare
fennel plant
sarda spp.
bonito
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger
MANSFELD:3222
PLANTS:ZIOF
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Zingiberaceae
zingiber officinale
ginger plant
common banana
dessert banana
french plantain
musa sapientum
sweet banana
common banana plant
*Mentha* is a genus of plants in the family *Lamiaceae* (mint family). It is estimated that 13 to 18 species exist, and the exact distinction between species is still unclear. Hybridization between some of the species occurs naturally. The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and North America. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual herbs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha]
PLANTS:MENTH
Mentha
Mentha L.
Mentha spp.
mentha spp.
mint plant
MANSFELD:30720
Lens culinaris Medik.
lens culinaris
lentil plant
Damion Dooley
Thunnus is a genus of ocean-dwelling, ray-finned bony fish from the mackerel family, Scombridae. More specifically, Thunnus is one of five genera which make up the tribe Thunnini – a tribe that is collectively known as the tunas
thunnini
true tuna
tuna
The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily *Bambusoideae* of the grass family *Poaceae*. Although the shoots (new culms that come out of the ground) of bamboo contain a toxin taxiphyllin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that produces cyanide in the gut, proper processing renders them edible. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths, and are available in supermarkets in various sliced forms, in both fresh and canned versions.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo]
MANSFELD:18979
Bambusa Schreb.
Bambusa spp.
bambusa spp.
bamboo plant
MANSFELD:9421
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
prunus amygdalus
prunus communis
prunus dulcis
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the almond fruit (drupe), index both *ALMOND [B2721]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
almond tree
MANSFELD:1199
Cuminum cyminum L.
cuminum cyminum
cumin plant
The lemon, *Citrus limon *(L.) Osbeck, is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia. The tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit is used for culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world, primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning uses. The pulp and rind (zest) are also used in cooking and baking. The juice of the lemon is about 5% to 6% citric acid, with a pH of around 2.2, giving it a sour taste. The distinctive sour taste of lemon juice makes it a key ingredient in drinks and foods such as lemonade and lemon meringue pie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon]
MANSFELD:7625
PLANTS:CILI5
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil.
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.)
citrus limon
citrus medica var. limonum
lemon plant
The word "tomato" may refer to the plant (*Solanum lycopersicum*) or the edible, typically red, fruit that it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates.See also the list of tomato cultivars
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_tomato_cultivars
MANSFELD:6054
PLANTS:SOLY2
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
gold apple
love apple
lycopersicon esculentum
lycopersicon lycopersicum
solanum lycopersicum
tomato plant
An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel]
anguillidae
congridae
nettastomatidae
eel
A male swine castrated before sexual maturity.
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
barrow
Kale (also called Borecole) is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group) in which the central leaves do not form a head. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. The Cultivar Group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically. Kale can be classified by leaf type: Curly leaved (Scots kales), Plain leaved, Rape kale, Leaf and spear (a cross between curly leaved and plain leaved kale), Cavolo nero (also known as black cabbage, Tuscan kale, Lacinato and dinosaur kale)
WIKIPEDIA:Kale)
MANSFELD:23870
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
brassica oleracea
cole
kale plant
Melon is a name given to various members of the plant family *Cucurbitaceae* with sweet flavored, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. Melon can be referred as a plant or a fruit. Many different cultivars have been produced, particularly of muskmelons.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
cucumis spp.
melon plant
PLANTS:SPDU3
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
golden apple
otaheite ambarella
spondias cytherea
spondias dulcis
wi tree
ambarella plant
The *Arecaceae* are a botanical family of perennial climbers, shrubs, acaules and trees commonly known as palm trees (owing to historical usage, the family is alternatively called Palmae). They are flowering plants, a family in the monocot order Arecales. Currently 181 genera with around 2600 species are known, most of them restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Arecaceae have great economic importance, including coconut products, oils, dates, palm syrup, ivory nuts, carnauba wax, rattan cane, raffia, and palm wood. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae]
arecaceae
palm plant
mugil spp.
gray mullet
hake
merluce
merluza
urophycis spp.
codling
WIKIPEDIA:Esox
esox spp.
pike
An edible perennial species (Allium schoenoprasum) of the genus Allium which is widespread in nature across much of Europe, Asia, and North America.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:85
PLANTS:ALSC
allium schoenoprasum
wild chives
Allium schoenoprasum L.
chive plant
Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758
cobra
ophidia
serpentes
serpents
snake
Anise (Pimpinella anisum), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:1373
anise
aniseed
common anise
pimpinella anisum
Pimpinella anisum L.
anise plant
A vertebrate animal is any species of organism within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described.
Damion Dooley
animal
LanguaL curation note: For a unicellular animal, use *ALGAE OR FUNGUS USED AS FOOD SOURCE*.
vertebrate animal
cydonia spp.
quince plant
The onion (*Allium cepa *L), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus *Allium*. Its close relatives include the garlic, shallot, leek, chive,[2] and Chinese onion.
This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (*Allium fistulosum*), the tree onion (*A. ×proliferum*), and the Canada onion (*Allium canadense*). The name "wild onion" is applied to a number of *Allium* species, but *A. cepa* is exclusively known from cultivation. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion]
PLANTS:ALLIU
Allium
Allium L.
Allium sp.
allium spp.
bulb onion
cebolla
garden onion
onion plant
An informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
algae
Toby Hudson
*Salvia* is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the *Lamiaceae, Salvia* is part of the tribe *Mentheae* within the subfamily *Nepetoideae*. It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes the widely produced herb used in cooking, *Salvia officinalis* (common sage, or just "sage"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia]
MANSFELD:16755
PLANTS:SALVI
Salvia
Salvia L.
Salvia officinalis L.
Salvia spp.
salvia
salvia spp
sage plant
A plant species of Coffea.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:2900
mountain coffee
Coffea arabica L.
coffea arabica
arabica coffee plant
A cherry plant is a plant of the genus *Prunus*, which provides fleshy drupe fruit (stone fruit).
prunus spp.
"The cherry fruits of commerce usually are obtained from cultivars of a limited number of species such as the sweet cherry (*Prunus avium*) and the sour cherry (*Prunus cerasus*)." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry]
cherry plant
The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of *Allium ampeloprasum*, the broadleaf wild leek. The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leek]
MANSFELD:200
PLANTS:ALPO2
Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
Allium porrum L.
allium ampeloprasum var. porrum
allium porrum
garden leek
leek plant
The beet (*Beta vulgaris*) is a plant in the Chenopodiaceae family which is now included in *Amaranthaceae* family. It is best known in its numerous cultivated varieties, the most well known of which is the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet. However, other cultivated varieties include the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet, as well as the root vegetables sugar beet, which is important in the production of table sugar, and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivated varieties fall into the subspecies *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *vulgaris*, while *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *maritima*, commonly known as the sea beet, is the wild ancestor of these, and is found throughout the Mediterranean, the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Near East, and India. A second wild subspecies, *Beta vulgaris* subsp. *adanensis*, occurs from Greece to Syria.
WIKIPEDIA:Beta_vulgaris
PLANTS:BEVU2
common beet
Beta vulgaris L.
beetroot
beta vulgaris
beet plant
A genus of about 40 species of spiny shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae.
ziziphus spp.
jujube plant
Wheat (*Triticum* spp.) is a domesticated grass from the Levant that is cultivated worldwide. Major cultivated species of wheat:
* Common wheat or Bread wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) A hexaploid species that is the most widely cultivated in the world.
* Durum (*Triticum durum*) The only tetraploid form of wheat widely used today, and the second most widely cultivated wheat.
* Einkorn (*Triticum monococcum*) A diploid species with wild and cultivated variants. Domesticated at the same time as emmer wheat, but never reached the same importance.
* Emmer (*Triticum dicoccon*) A tetraploid species, cultivated in ancient times but no longer in widespread use.
* Spelt (*Triticum spelta*) Another hexaploid species cultivated in limited quantities.
WIKIPEDIA:Wheat
triticum spp.
wheat plant
PLANTS:SECE
Secale cereale L.
secale cereale
rye plant
Endive, *Cichorium endivia*, is a leaf vegetable belonging to the daisy family. Endive can be cooked or used raw in salads... There are two main varieties of cultivated *C. endivia*: Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*) and Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*).
WIKIPEDIA:Endive
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG/640px-Cichorium_endivia_-_Botanischer_Garten_Mainz_IMG_5453.JPG
MANSFELD:31969
PLANTS:CIEN
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
endive plant
MANSFELD:24313
Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino
raphanus sativus
radish plant
anatidae
cardiidae
cockle
MANSFELD:5328
Theobroma cacao L.
theobroma cacao
cacao plant
Catostomus Lesueur, 1817
catostomus spp.
sucker
*Oryza sativa*, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. *Oryza sativa* contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained *japonica* or *sinica* variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained *indica* variety.
MANSFELD:20986
PLANTS:ORSA
lowland rice
upland rice
Rice occurs in a variety of colors, including white, brown, black, purple, and red rices. Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types, some of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice.
rice plant
leporidae
oryctolagus spp.
sylvilagus spp.
Any grass cultivated (grown) for the edible components of its grain.
Damion Dooley
grain plant
castor spp.
early june pea
pea, smooth skin cultivars
Commonly used in canning.
alaska pea plant
*Acacia* is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily *Mimosoideae* of the family *Fabaceae*. Acacias are also known as thorntrees, whistling thorns or wattles.
acacia spp.
wattle
acacia (genus) plant
MSW3:14200776
capra hircus
*Vitis* (grapevines) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family *Vitaceae*. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis]
Vitis
vitis spp.
grape plant
MANSFELD:12287
PLANTS:PSGU
Psidium guajava L.
abas
apple guava
common guava
guabang
guayaba
kautonga
kuahpa
pisidium guajava
psidium spp.
yellow guava
guava plant
crambe abyssinica
crambe plant
MANSFELD:30744
Pisum sativum L.
green pea plant
lathyrus l.
pisum l.
pea plant
*Citrus × sinensis*, also known as the *Citrus aurantium* Sweet Orange Group, includes the commonly cultivated sweet orange, blood oranges, and navel oranges.
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
batavian orange tree
citrus sinensis
mozambique orange tree
sweet orange tree
tight-skinned orange tree
west african sweet orange
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
orange plant
raja spp.
ray
skate
phocidae
true seal
seal family
LanguaL curation note: Use only, when no other information is available.
shark
The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
Pyrus communis L.
pyrus communis
pear plant
Yeasts are eukaryotic micro-organisms classified in the kingdom *Fungi*, with 1,500 species currently described estimated to be only 1% of all fungal species.
WIKIPEDIA:Yeast
yeast
Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally considered in the order *Galliformes*. Old World quail are found in the family *Phasianidae*, and New World quail are found in the family *Odontophoridae*.
galliformes
odontophoridae
phasianidae
Alosa Linck, 1790
alosa spp.
shad
river herring
Calves are the young of domestic cattle. Calves are reared to become adult cattle, or are slaughtered for their meat, called veal.
WIKIPEDIA:Calf
calf
calves
veal
cattle calf
wax bean plant
MANSFELD:2228
Manihot esculenta Crantz
manihot esculenta
yuca
cassava plant
Wide, semi-hot variety used in Hungarian cuisine. Frequently pickled. Also commonly dried, ground and presented as "Paprika".
WIKIPEDIA:List_of_capsicum_cultivars
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. longum
hungarian paprika
hungarian pepper
paprika
paprika, hungarian
hungarian wax pepper plant
Ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes spp.
sandeel
sand lance
Vanilla, the vanilla orchids, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (*Orchidaceae*). The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (*V. planifolia*), native to Mexico, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived.
The fruit is termed "vanilla bean", though true beans are fabaceaen eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10-20 cm long. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring. Vanilla beans are harvested by hand from commercial orchards. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_(genus)]
MANSFELD:11314
PLANTS:VANIL
Vanilla
Vanilla Mill.
Vanilla planifolia Andr.
Vanilla spp.
french vanilla
vanilla fragrans
vanilla spp
vanilla plant
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:12263
Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr.
pimenta
pimenta officinalis
allspice plant
PLANTS:TRRI8
X Triticosecale
X Triticosecale Wittm.
X Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
X Triticosecale sp.
×Triticosecale rimpaui Wittm.
rye-wheat hybrid
x triticosecale
triticale plant
lucerne
medicago sativa
alfalfa plant
*Rheum* is a genus of about 60 perennial plants in the family *Polygonaceae*. The genus includes the vegetable rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum* or *Rheum x hybridum*). A number of varieties of rhubarb have been domesticated both as medicinal plants and for human consumption. While the leaves are toxic, the stalks are used in pies and other foods for their tart flavor.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheum_(plant)]
MANSFELD:9537
rheum spp.
rhubarb plant
osteichthyes
fish, bony
Ceratonia siliqua, commonly known as the carob tree or carob bush, from Arabic خَرُّوبٌ (kharrūb) and Hebrew חרוב (haruv), St John's-bread, or locust bean (not to be confused with the African locust bean), or simply locust-tree, is a species of flowering evergreen shrub or tree in the pea family, Fabaceae
ceratonia siliqua
locust bean
carob bean plant
*Vicia faba*, the Broad Bean, is a species of bean (*Fabaceae*) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: Vicia faba var. equina Pers. - Horse Bean. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some botanists treat it in a separate monotypic genus *Faba*. The term fava bean (from the Italian fava, meaning "broad bean") is usually used in English speaking countries such as the US, however the term broad bean is the most common name in the UK.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
vicia faba
MANSFELD:30416
PLANTS:VIFA
faba bean plant
fava bean plant
horse bean plant
horsebean plant
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for human consumption)
broad bean plant
pinto bean plant
Kohlrabi is a biennial vegetable, a low, stout cultivar of wild cabbage. It is the same species as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, and gai lan. It can be eaten raw or cooked. Edible preparations are made with both the stem and the leaves. Despite its common names, it is not the same species as turnip.
MANSFELD:23859
PLANTS:BROLG2
Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.
brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
kohlrabi plant
snap bean plant
string bean plant
stringless bean plant
green bean plant
phaseolus lunatus
sieva bean plant
Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustacean]
crustacea
crustacean
Wild rice (also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) is four species of grasses forming the genus *Zizania*, and the grain which can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While it is now something of a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:Wild_rice
MANSFELD:21064
Zizania
Zizania L.
Zizania aquatica L.
rice, wild
water oats
zizania spp.
wild rice plant
*Angelica*, is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Some species are grown as flavoring agents or for their medicinal properties. The most notable of these is garden angelica (*A. archangelica*), which is commonly known simply as angelica. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are sometimes used to flavor gin. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavor of many liqueurs, such as Chartreuse.
MANSFELD:1655
PLANTS:ANGEL
Angelica
Angelica L.
Angelica archangelica L.
Angelica spp.
angelica archangelica
angelica spp
angelica plant
MANSFELD:35616
Saccharum officinarum L.
saccharum officinarum
sugar cane plant
Field corn is maize of varieties that (in contrast with sweet corn and popcorn) are not, in the United States, grown primarily for consumption as human food in the form of fresh kernels. More than 98% of corn-growing land in the U.S. is in use for field-corn production. Principal field corn varieties are Dent corn, Flint corn, Flour corn (including blue corn (*Zea mays amylacea*), and Waxy corn.
WIKIPEDIA:Field_corn
PLANTS:ZEMAM2
Zea mays L. ssp. mays
Zea mays L. subsp. mays
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
corn, field
dent corn
flint corn
maize
podcorn
zea mays var. indentata (not acc.)
zea mays var. indurata (not acc.)
Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn
LanguaL curation note: Searching note--use 'field corn' for any breakfast cereal or snack food having 'corn' as the first ingredient.
field corn plant
Sweet corn (*Zea mays* convar. *saccharata* var. *rugosa*; also called Indian corn, sugar corn, and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy.
Zea mays L.
golden corn
sugar corn
sweet corn
zea mays var. rugosa
sweet corn plant
MANSFELD:1118
Coriandrum sativum L.
chinese parsley
cilantro
coriandrum sativum
coriander plant
odontophorinae
perdicinae
perdrix
partridge
xiphiidae
swordfish family
Collard greens are various loose-leafed cultivars of *Brassica oleracea* (Acephala Group), the same species as cabbage and broccoli. The plant is grown for its large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, southern Croatia, Spain and in Pakistan, as well as in Kashmir region of both India and Pakistan. They are classified in the same cultivar group as kale and spring greens, to which they are closely similar genetically. The name "collard" is a shortened form of the word "colewort" (cabbage plant).
WIKIPEDIA:Borekale
CCPR:
Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis L.
borekale
brassica oleracea var. viridis
cow cabbage
fodder kale
portuguese kale
collard plant
gaultheria procumbens
wintergreen spice
wintergreen plant
tuber spp.
truffle fungi
A trailing, prickly hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry (*Rubus ursinus* cv. Young) of the rose family, cultivated in the western United States.
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
rubus ursinus cv. young
youngberry plant
Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the *Sciuridae*. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa and have been introduced to Australia.
sciuridae
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettuce
PLANTS:LASA3
Lactuca sativa L.
lactuca sativa
lettuce plant
sardinella spp.
sardinella
fragaria spp.
strawberry plant
Menhaden, also known as mossbunker, bunker and pogy, are forage fish of the genera Brevoortia and Ethmidium, two genera of marine fish in the family Clupeidae.
WIKIPEDIA:Menhaden
Ethmidium Thompson, 1916
brevoortia spp.
ethmidium spp.
menhaden
*Phaseolus lunatus*, commonly known as the lima bean, butter bean, sieva bean, or Madagascar bean[citation needed], is a legume grown for its edible seeds or beans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
butter bean plant
madagascar bean plant
phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus lunatus L.
Phaseolus lunatus L. var. lunatus
phaseolus limensis
lima bean plant
Phytolacca americana, also known as pokeweed, is a poisonous, herbaceous perennial plant in the dragonweed family Phytolaccaceae growing up to 8 ft (2.4m) in height. It has simple leaves on green to red or purplish stems and a large white taproot.
american dragon berries
american pokeweed
dragon berries
dragon sallet
poke salad
phytolacca spp.
pokeberry
pokeweed plant
PLANTS:RULO11
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H. Bailey
Rubus loganobaccus L.H.Bailey
rubus loganobaccus
rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus cv. logan
loganberry plant
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform fruits that are used as vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and seedless.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber
MANSFELD:3698
Cucumis sativus L. ssp. sativus
cucumis sativus
cucumber plant
Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy blue, red (purple), or white (pale blue) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage
PLANTS:BROL
Brassica oleracea L.
Brassica oleracea var. oleracea L.
brassica oleracea varieties
cabbage plant
MANSFELD:8156
PLANTS:RUFR80
Rubus fruticosus L.
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
rubus fruticosus
european blackberry plant
abalones nei
haliotis spp.
abalone
The species of this genus are known as crappies and are extremely popular game fish. The genus has two species the white and black crappie. Crappie of both species are sometimes referred to as papermouths, calico bass, and strawberry bass. Both species of crappie feed on minnows as adults. Both species spawn in the early spring when the water temperature nears 64 to 68 degrees. Crappie create a nest in fine silt or gravel, and the nests are often congregated in very high densities in shallow waters. (
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
pomoxis spp.
crappie
A root vegetable that originated as a cross between the cabbage and the turnip. The roots are eaten in a variety of ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a leaf vegetable.
MANSFELD:24068
Brassica napus L. emend. Metzg var. napobrassica
brassica napobrassica var. solidflora
brassica napus var. napobrassica
neep
snagger
swede
swedish turnip
rutabaga plant
Picasa user Seedambassadors
Clupea Linnaeus, 1758
clupea spp.
herring
MANSFELD:25827
Asparagus officinalis L.
asparagus officinalis
asparagus plant
Hard wheat (red or white) are varieties of common wheat with high protein (gluten) content used for bread.
bread wheat
triticum aestivum
hard wheat plant
lepomis spp.
sunfish
Soft wheat (red or white) are lower protein (gluten), higher starch varieties used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits and muffins.
triticum aestivum
soft wheat plant
gadus spp.
cod
The *Scombridae* family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the subfamily *Scombrinae*, except the butterfly kingfish, which is the sole member of subfamily *Gasterochismatinae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scombridae]
scombridae
mackerel family
MANSFELD:32135
PLANTS:TAOF
PLANTS:TAOFC
PLANTS:TAOFO
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. ceratophorum (Ledeb.) Schinz ex Thell.
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. ssp. officinale
Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H.Wigg., s.l.
Taraxacum officinale aggregate
Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & R. Keller
taraxacum
dandelion plant
The mandarin orange (*Citrus reticulata*), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification.
Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids generally have these traits to a lesser degree.
MANSFELD:7687
PLANTS:CIRE3
Citrus reticulata Blanco
citrus deliciosa
citrus nobilus
citrus reticulata
citrus unshia
fremont
loose-skinned orange
tangerine tree
mandarin orange tree
argentina spp.
silver smelts
argentine
hexagrammos spp.
greenling
The term shellfish is used both broadly and specifically. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as filter-feeding molluscs such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else. Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates.
Covers both freshwater and saltwater organisms
shellfish
Amelanchier, also known as shadbush, shadwood or shadblow, serviceberry or sarvisberry, or just sarvis, juneberry, saskatoon, sugarplum or wild-plum, and chuckley pear, is a genus of about 20 species of deciduous-leaved shrubs and small trees in the Rose family (*Rosaceae*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelanchier]
amelanchier spp.
serviceberry
shadbush
sugarplum
juneberry plant
A Prunus persica cultivar lacking the fuzz (fruit-skin trichomes) that peach-skin has; it is thought that a mutation in a single gene (MYB25) is responsible for the hair or no-hair difference between the two.
MANSFELD:9406
PLANTS:PRPEN
fuzzless peach
shaved peach
Persica vulgaris var. nectarina (Aiton) Holub
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K. Schneid.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nucipersica (Suckow) C.K.Schneid.
prunus persica var. nucipersica
nectarine tree
Plantain is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus *Musa*. The fruit they produce is generally used for cooking, in contrast to the soft, sweet banana (which is sometimes referred to as the dessert banana). There is a formal botanical distinction between bananas and plantains based on its structure and genus/species.
cooking banana
french plantain
plantain
plantain (musa) plant
Broccoli is a plant in the cabbage family, whose large flower head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli, from the Italian plural of broccolo, refers to "the flowering top of a cabbage". Broccoli is usually boiled or steamed, but may be eaten raw and has become popular as a raw vegetable in hors d'oeuvre trays.
Broccoli is classified in the *Italica* cultivar group of the species *Brassica oleracea*. Broccoli has large flower heads, usually green in color, arranged in a tree-like fashion on branches sprouting from a thick, edible stalk. The mass of flower heads is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli most closely resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species.
WIKIPEDIA:Broccoli
MANSFELD:37506
PLANTS:BROLB
Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
brassica oleracea l. convar. botrytis var. italica
brassica oleracea var. botrytis
brassica oleracea var. italica
broccoli plant
MANSFELD:1048
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm.
anthriscus cerefolium
chervil plant
diospyros spp.
persimmon plant
didelphidae
opossum
Macadamia is a genus of nine species of flowering plants in the family *Proteaceae*, with a disjunct distribution native to eastern Australia (seven species), New Caledonia (one species *M. neurophylla*) and Sulawesi in Indonesia (one species, *M. hildebrandii*). The fruit is a very hard woody globose follicle with a pointed apex, containing one or two seeds.
WIKIPEDIA:Macadamia
macadamia nut
macadamia spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the macadamia fruit (seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
macadamia plant
Zea mays L.
popping corn
zea mays var. praecox
popcorn plant
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_snail]
garden snail
snail, garden
helix spp.
snail, land
land snail
field pumpkin
pumpkin plant
Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
MANSFELD:5937
Solanum melongena L.
aubergine
solanum melongena
eggplant plant
phasianus spp.
procyon spp.
raccoon
The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash which can reach nearly a meter in length, but which is usually harvested at half that size or less. Along with certain other squashes, it belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo. Zucchini can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color.
courgette
cucurbita pepo var. melopepo cv. zucchini
zucchini plant
MANSFELD:15224
Illicium verum J.D. Hook
illicium verum
star anise plant
acipenser spp.
scaphirhynchus spp.
sturgeon
MANSFELD:15043
PLANTS:PEAM3
Persea americana Mill.
Persea americana P. Mill.
abogado
aguacate
palta
persea americana
persea gratissima
avocado plant
The European cantaloupe is lightly ribbed, with a gray-green skin that looks quite different from that of the North American cantaloupe.
C. melo var. cantalupensis
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo cantalupensis
european cantaloupe plant
*Cinnamomum* is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, *Lauraceae*. The species of *Cinnamomum* have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains over 300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Oceania, and Australasia.
The inner bark of several species is used to make the spice, cinnamon. Other notable species are *C. tamala*, used as the herb malabathrum (also called tejpat and Indian bay leaf), and *C. camphora*, from which camphor is produced. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum]
MANSFELD:15093
PLANTS:CINNA2
PLANTS:CIVE2
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum Schaeff.
Cinnamomum spp.
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
cassia
cinnamomum
cinnamomum verum
cinnamomum zeylanicum
cinnamon plant
The tangelo, *Citrus* × tangelo, is also widely known as the honeybell. Tangelo is a citrus fruit that is a hybrid of a tangerine and either a pomelo or a grapefruit.
WIKIPEDIA:Tangelo
PLANTS:CITA
Citrus X tangelo J. Ingram & H. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore
Citrus x tangelo J.W.Ingram & H.E.Moore
Citrus ×tangelo J.W. Ingram & H.E. Moore
citrus tangelo
citrus x tangelo
tangelo plant
comello plant
Pompanos are marine fishes in the genus Trachinotus in the family Carangidae (better known as "jacks"). Pompano may also refer to various other, similarly shaped members of the Carangidae, or the order Perciformes. Their appearance is deep-bodied and mackerel-like, typically silver and toothless, with a forked tail and narrow base. Of the 20 described species, most are valued as food.
trachinotus spp.
pompano
bubalus
Scallions - also known as green onions, spring onions, salad onions, green shallots, onion sticks, long onions, baby onions, precious onions, yard onions, gibbons, or syboes - are the edible plants of various *Allium* species, all of which are "onion-like", having hollow green leaves and lacking a fully developed root bulb.
The Welsh onion (*Allium fistulosum*) does not form bulbs even when mature, and is grown in the West almost exclusively as a scallion or salad onion, although in Asia this species is of primary importance and used both fresh and in cooking. "Scallion" is also used for young plants of the common onion (*Allium cepa* var. *cepa*) and shallot (*Allium cepa* var. *aggregatum*, formerly *Allium ascalonicum*), harvested before bulbs form, or sometimes when slight bulbing has occurred. Most of the cultivars grown in the West primarily as salad onions or scallions belong to *Allium cepa* var. *cepa*. Other species sometimes used as scallions include *Allium ×proliferum* and *Allium ×wakegi*.
WIKIPEDIA:Scallion
green shallot
long onion
onion stick
salad onion
baby onion
gibbon
green onion
precious onions
spring onion
syboe
yard onion
scallion plant
CEC1993:252
Salmo trutta
Salmo trutta Berg 1908
Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta
salmo trutta trutta
sea trout
trutta marina
brown trout
hippotragus spp.
neotragus spp.
tetracerus spp.
MANSFELD:1805
Pastinaca sativa L.
pastinaca sativa
parsnip plant
Sugar palm is a common name for several species of palms used to produce sugar. Species used include:
*Arenga pinnata* (syn. *A. saccharifera) ; Borassus flabellifer ; Caryota urens ; Cocos nucifera. *
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_palm]
sugar palm plant
The field pea plant is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years.
P. sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch.
pisum sativum var. arvense
field pea plant
Rasbak
Malus coronaria, also known by the names sweet crabapple or garland crab, is a North American species of Malus (crabapple). It grows primarily in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, with outlying populations as far away as Alabama, eastern Kansas, Long Island, and Ontario.[
PLANTS:MACO5
Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill.
malus coronaria
sweet crabapple plant
Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus *Vaccinium* (a genus which also includes cranberries and bilberries) with dark-blue berries and are perennial. Species in the section Cyanococcus are the most common fruits sold as "blueberries" and are native to North America (they were not introduced into Europe until the 1930s).
WIKIPEDIA:Blueberry
Vaccinium L.
vaccinium spp. cyanococcus group
blueberry plant
MANSFELD:23589
PLANTS:NAOF
Nasturtium officinale R.Br.
Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton
Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
nasturtium officinale
rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
watercress plant
sassafras albidum
sassafras plant
The raspberry is the edible fruit of a number of species of the genus *Rubus*. The name originally refers in particular to the European species Rubus idaeus, and is still used for that species as its standard English name in its native area. Other species, mostly closely related in the same subgenus Idaeobatus, also called raspberries subsequently include:
* Rubus strigosus (American Raspberry) (syn. R. idaeus var. strigosus)
* Rubus arcticus (Arctic Raspberry)
* Rubus crataegifolius (Korean Raspberry)
* Rubus occidentalis (Black Raspberry)
* Rubus odoratus (Flowering Raspberry)
* Rubus phoenicolasius (Wine Raspberry)
* Rubus leucodermis (Whitebark or Western Raspberry, native: Blue Raspberry)
WIKIPEDIA:Raspberry
PLANTS:RUBUS
Rubus L.
rubus
raspberry plant
MANSFELD:15692
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
rosmarinus officinalis
rosemary plant
Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae, in the order Perciformes.
grouper fish
epinephelus spp.
grouper
Lithodes ferox Filhol 1885
lithodes ferox
king crab
*Xanthosoma sagittifolium*, the arrowleaf elephant ear or arrowleaf elephant's ear, is a species of tropical flowering plant in the genus *Xanthosoma*, which produces an edible, starchy tuber.
WIKIPEDIA:Xanthosoma_sagittifolium
PLANTS:XASA2
Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott
arum sagittifolium
malanga
ocumo
tanier
tannia
tanyah
xanthosoma
xanthosoma sagittifolia
xanthosoma sagittifolium
yautia
arrowleaf elephant ear plant
cervid
cervidae
deer family
*Morus *, a genus of flowering plants in the family *Moraceae *, comprises 10-16 species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. The closely related genus *Broussonetia * is also commonly known as mulberry, notably the paper mulberry, *Broussonetia papyrifera *. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_(plant)]
morus spp.
mulberry plant
citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi
homarus spp.
panulirus spp.
The grapefruit (*Citrus × paradisi*) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (*C. sinensis*) and pomelo or shaddock (*C. maxima*), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit"; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapefruit]
MANSFELD:7654
PLANTS:CIPA3
Citrus X paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
Citrus paradisi Macfad.
Citrus x paradisi Macfad.
Citrus ×paradisi Macfad. (pro sp.)
citrus paradisi
citrus x paradisi
grapefruit plant
Lutjanus Bloch, 1790
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
common snapper
lutjanus spp.
snapper
daikon plant
raphanus sativus longipinnatus
chinese radish plant
octopodidae
polypus
poppy
papaver
poppies
poppy plant
istiophoridae
billfish family
anarhichas spp.
wolffish
serranidae
sea bass family
The genus *Ribes* includes the edible currants (blackcurrant, redcurrant, white currant), the gooseberry, and several hybrid varieties. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes]
edible currant plant
Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English) (*Citrus japonica*) are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus *Fortunella*, or placed within *Citrus sensu lato*. The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (*Citrus sinensis*), but it is much smaller, being approximately the size and shape of a large olive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumquat]
PLANTS:FORTU
Fortunella Swingle
fortunella spp.
kumquat plant
capsicum annum
spanish paprika pepper
pimiento pepper plant
Hippoglossus
hippoglossus spp.
reinhardtius spp.
halibut
The hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.
MANSFELD:21811
PLANTS:COAV80
PLANTS:CORYL
Corylus
Corylus spp.
corylus
hazelnut
Corylus L.
corylus avellana
corylus maxima
filbert
filbert nut
hazel
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hazel fruit (nut) index both *HAZEL [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european filbert plant
Agave is a genus of monocots native to the hot and arid regions of Mexico and the Southwestern United States. Some agave species are also native to tropical areas of South America. Some species are known by the name "century plant". Agave tequilana, agave azul or blue agave, is used in the production of tequila. Agave nectar, also called agave syrup, a sweetener derived from Agave sap, is used as an alternative to sugar in cooking, and can be added to breakfast cereals as a binding agent.
agave plant
The shallot is a type of onion, specifically a botanical variety of the species *Allium cepa*. The shallot was formerly classified as a separate species,* A. ascalonicum*, a name now considered a synonym of the currently accepted name.
Like garlic, shallots are formed in clusters of offsets with a head composed of multiple cloves. The skin colour of shallots can vary from golden brown to gray to rose red, and their off-white flesh is usually tinged with green or magenta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallot]
MANSFELD:110
Allium cepa L.
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don
Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G.Don
allium cepa var. aggregatum
shallot plant
In botany, a drupe is a fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin; and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed inside.
WIKIPEDIA:Drupe
drupe
pit fruit
stone fruit plant
sphyraena spp.
barracuda
Beech (*Fagus*) is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family *Fagaceae*, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. The fruit of the beech tree is known as beechnuts or mast and is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. It is small, roughly triangular and edible, with a bitter, astringent taste.
WIKIPEDIA:Beech
beech nut tree
fagus spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *BEECH [B1543]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
beech tree
castanea spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHESTNUT [B1544]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chestnut tree
MANSFELD:1333
Carum carvi L.
carum carvi
cumin des pres
kummel
caraway plant
A plant cultivated for its ornamental flower, edible root, and herbal properties. It also grows wild in many places and is one of the most widely known species of the salsify genus, Tragopogon.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:32164
Jerusalem star
common salsify
goatsbeard
oyster plant
purple salsify
salsify
tragopogon porrifolius
vegetable oyster
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
salsify plant
Common chicory, *Cichorium intybus*, is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Various varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or for roots (var. *sativum*), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and additive. It is also grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America and Australia, where it has become naturalized.
"Chicory" is also the common name in the United States for curly endive (*Cichorium endivia*); these two closely related species are often confused.
WIKIPEDIA:Chicory
MANSFELD:31967
PLANTS:CIIN
Cichorium intybus L.
belgian endive
cichorium intybus
monk's beard
witloof chicory
chicory plant
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris]
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
phaseolus vulgaris plant
*Cinnamomum burmannii*, also known as Indonesian cinnamon, Padang cassia, Batavia cassia, or korintje, is one of several plants in the genus *Cinnamomum* whose bark is sold as the spice cinnamon. The most common and cheapest type of cinnamon in the US is made from powdered *C. burmannii*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_burmannii]
PLANTS:CIBU2
Cinnamomum burmanii Bl.
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T. Nees) Blume
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & T.Nees) Blume
Cinnamomum burmannii (Nees & Th. Nees) Nees ex Blume
batavia cassia
cinnamomum burmannii
padang cassia
batavia cassia plant
Perch is a common name for fish of the genus Perca, freshwater gamefish belonging to the family Percidae.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perch
freshwater perch
perca spp.
perch
pilchard
sardina
sardinops
sardine
pea bean plant
navy bean plant
"Fordhook 242", bush type lima bean; 75 days, 1945 All-American Selection winner. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lima_bean]
MANSFELD:27587
PLANTS:PHLU2
Phaseolus lunatus L.
large lima bean
lima bean, large
fordhook lima bean plant
This "or" class is just to represent an equivalency with a commonly used classification outside of FoodOn. It should not have subclasses under it. (2022-11-30)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-0788
fjerkrae
gamebird
fowl
game birds
poultry or game bird
This is a hierarchy of organisms, grouped minimally in a combination of taxonomy and consumer-oriented food groups.
This was LanguaL definition: Individual plant or animal from which the food product or its major ingredient is derived; also a chemical food source [FDA CFSAN 1995].
organism by alternate grouping
Aalmonid fish of the genus Coregonus that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal length and high gill raker counts.
Damion Dooley
cisco
coregoninae
whitefish or cisco
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_vegetable
leafy green
leafy vegetable plant
A bean plant is one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which has seed pods, seeds, and/or leaf material used for human or animal food.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean
bean plant
Latundan bananas (also called Tundan, Silk bananas, Pisang raja sereh, Manzana bananas or Apple bananas), are triploid hybrid banana cultivars from the Philippines. It is one of the most common banana cultivars in the Philippines, along with the Lacatan and Saba bananas.
WIKIPEDIA:Apple_Banana
apple banana plant
golden chanterelle
Cantharellus cibarius Fr., 1821
A popular fungus of genus Cantharellus, if not the entire family of Cantharellaceae. It is orange or yellow, meaty and funnel-shaped. On the lower surface, underneath the smooth cap, it has gill-like ridges that run almost all the way down its stipe, which tapers down seamlessly from the cap. It emits a fruity aroma, reminiscent of apricots and a mildly peppery taste (hence its German name, Pfifferling) and is considered an excellent edible mushroom.[Wikipedia]
The Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, are an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the Old World silversides and several less-familiar families, including the unusual *Phallostethidae*. The order includes at least 354 species. They are found worldwide in tropical and temperate marine and freshwater environments. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheriniformes]
atheriniformes
fish, atheriniform
An eel is any fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of four suborders, 20 families, 111 genera and about 800 species. Most eels are predators. The term "eel" (originally referring to the European eel) is also used for some other similarly shaped fish, such as electric eels and spiny eels, but these are not members of the Anguilliformes order. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel]
anguilliformes
fish, anguilliform
CEC1993:167
Clupea pallasi Valenciennes, 1847
Clupea pallasii
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes 1847
Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
clupea harengus pallasi
clupea pallasi
clupea pallasii
pacific herring
white field corn plant
The Santa Claus melon, sometimes known as Christmas melon or Piel de Sapo, is a variety of melon that grows to approximately 1 foot in length and is oblong in shape. It has a thick outer green-striped rind with a pale green inner pulp that provides a mild melon flavor, that can be as sweet as honeydew melons, if not more so.
WIKIPEDIA:Santa_claus_melon
melon, santa claus
santa claus melon plant
vegetable-producing plant
yellow field corn plant
Perciformes, also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic ecosystems. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perciformes]
perciformes
fish, perciform
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.
honeydew melon plant
cervus spp.
MANSFELD:17782
PLANTS:CASA27
Castanea sativa Mill.
castanea sativa
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *EUROPEAN CHESTNUT [B1584]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
european chestnut tree
Saigon cinnamon (*Cinnamomum loureiroi*, also known as Vietnamese cinnamon or Vietnamese cassia) is an evergreen tree indigenous to mainland Southeast Asia. Despite its name, Saigon cinnamon is more closely related to cassia (*C. cassia*) than to cinnamon (*C. verum*, "true cinnamon", Ceylon cinnamon), though in the same genus as both.
Saigon cinnamon is used primarily for its aromatic bark, which has a taste quite similar to that of *C. cassia*, but with a more pronounced and complex aroma. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saigon_cinnamon]
Cinnamomum loureiroi Nees
cassia, saigon
cinnamomum loureiroi
cinnamomum lourieri
saigon cinnamon plant
An immature chicken younger than five weeks old (previously five to six weeks), of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of two pounds or less.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
Cornish game hen
Rock Cornish fowl
rock cornish chicken
In the past Rock Cornish game hens had been classified as younger than six weeks old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation.
Rock Cornish game hen
salmoniformes
fish, salmoniform
Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches and relatives. This order contains 11-12 families, over 400 genera, and more than 4,250 species, with new species being described every few months or so, and new genera being recognized frequently. They are most diverse in southeastern Asia, and are entirely absent from Australia and South America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cypriniformes]
cypriniformes
minnow
sucker
fish, cypriniform
sweet corn, yellow
yellow sweet corn plant
sweet corn, white
white sweet corn plant
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbel. Members of the Siluriformes order are defined by features of the skull and swimbladder. Catfish are of considerable commercial importance; many of the larger species are farmed or fished for food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish]
catfishes
silures
fish, siluriform
A type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily *Maloideae* of the family *Rosaceae*.
Damion Dooley
maloideae
pome fruit plant
Clupeiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the herring family, *Clupeidae*, and the anchovy family, *Engraulidae*. The group includes many of the most important forage and food fish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clupeiformes]
clupeiformes
fish, clupeiform
white asparagus plant
green asparagus plant
nut or edible seed producing plant
A cherry tomato is a small variety of tomato that has been cultivated since at least the early 1800s and thought to have originated in Peru and Northern Chile. Cherry tomatoes range in size from a thumbtip up to the size of a golf ball, and can range from being spherical to slightly oblong in shape. The more oblong ones often share characteristics with plum tomatoes, and are known as grape tomatoes. The cherry tomato is regarded as a botanical variety of the cultivated berry, *Solanum lycopersicum* var. *cerasiforme*.
WIKIPEDIA:Cherry_tomato
PLANTS:SOLYC
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, G.J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Alef.) Fosberg
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Dunal) Spooner, J. Anderson & R.K. Jansen
cherry tomato
lycopersicon lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
midget tomato
miniature tomato plant
MANSFELD:23884
PLANTS:BROLG
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC.
brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
brussels sprout plant
vaccinium spp.
vaccinium berry plant
ash gourd
benincasa ceriflora
benincasa hispida
chinese watermelon
dung gwa
kundur
tunka
wax gourd
white gourd
white pumpkin
zit kwa
chinese preserving melon plant
yellow popcorn plant
moschus spp.
musk deer
amphibia
amphibian
reptilia
reptile
dasypodidae
armadillo
pleurotus spp.
*Pleurotus* is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, *Pleurotus ostreatus*. Species of *Pleurotus* may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most commonly cultivated edible mushrooms in the world.
Whelk is a common name that is applied to various kinds of sea snail. Although a number of whelks are relatively large and are in the family Buccinidae (the true whelks), the word whelk is also applied to some other marine gastropod mollusc species within several families of sea snails that are not very closely related. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whelk]
buccinum spp.
busycon spp.
neptunea spp.
Damion Dooley
japanese mushroom
shiitake
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, 1976
An edible mushroom native to East Asia, which is cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered a medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine.
MANSFELD:29329
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.
colocasia esculenta
dasheen
eddo
old cocoyam
taro plant
Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer, 1951
volvariella volvacea
A species of edible mushroom cultivated throughout East and Southeast Asia and used extensively in Asian cuisines.
Merlangius Geoffroy, 1767
frostfish
marling
merlangius spp.
whiting
The docks and sorrels, genus *Rumex* L., are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family *Polygonaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex]
MANSFELD:9486
PLANTS:RUAC2
dock (plant)
rumex
rumex spp
sorrel
sour grass
Rumex acetosa L.
sorrel plant
MANSFELD:8008
portulaca spp.
purslane
Portulaca oleracea L. ssp. sativa (Haw.) Celak.
purslane plant
capsicum annuum, longum group
capsicum chile pepper
cayenne pepper
chile pepper
chili pepper
long pepper
red pepper (chile pepper)
hot pepper plant
sepiidae
Pleurotus cystidiosus O.K. Mill., 1969
white elf
burdock root
lappa plant
tussilago farfara
coltsfoot plant
potassium chloride mixt. with sodium chloride
sodium chloride mixt. with potassium chloride
green kidney bean plant
phaseolus vulgaris
red kidney bean plant
crenshaw melon plant
The damson plum (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *insititia*, or sometimes *Prunus insititia*), also archaically called the "damascene" is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Damsons are relatively small plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves or jam. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damson]
MANSFELD:9338
Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (L.) C. K. Schneid.
bullace
prunus domestica insititia
prunus insititia
damson plum plant
Horse bean and field bean refer to *Vigna faba* L. cultivars with smaller, harder seeds (more like the wild species) used for animal feed, though their stronger flavour is preferred in some human food recipes, such as falafel.
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_faba
field bean
PLANTS:VIFA
vicia faba equina
Vicia faba L.
Vicia faba L. (varieties for fodder)
Vicia faba var. equina Pers.
horse bean plant
MANSFELD:3384
PLANTS:ELCA19
Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton
elettaria cardamomum
green cardamom plant
The jalapeño is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species *Capsicum annuum*. It can have a range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of 3,500 to 8,000. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalapeño]
jalapeno pepper plant
A tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is the only species in genus Vitellaria, and is indigenous to Africa.
Damion Dooley
Butyrospermum parkii
shea tree
sheabutter tree
vitellaria paradoxa
sheanut tree
In general, a sheep in its first year is called a lamb and its meat is also called lamb.
Ginseng is any one of 11 species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus *Panax* of the family *Araliaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ginseng
panax
ginseng plant
The Greengage (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *italica* or the Reine Claude) is an edible drupaceous fruit, a cultivar of the plum.
WIKIPEDIA:Greengage
MANSFELD:9343
Prunus domestica L. subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams
Prunus domestica subsp. italica (Borkh.) Gams ex Hegi
prunus insititia var. italica
greengage plum plant
*Prunus cerasifera* is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.
Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_plum]
MANSFELD:9307
PLANTS:PRCE2
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.
prunus cerasifera
cherry plum plant
Sapote (from Nahuatl tzapotl) is a term for a soft, edible fruit. The word is incorporated into the common names of several unrelated fruit-bearing plants native to Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America.
WIKIPEDIA:Sapote
calocarpum sapota
caolcarpum mammosum
lucuma mammosa
mamey colorado
mamey sapote
mammee sapote
marmalade fruit
marmalade plum
pouteria sapota
sapota
sapote plant
Fenugreek (*Trigonella foenum-graecum*) is an annual plant in the family *Fabaceae*, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its seeds and its leaves are common ingredients in dishes from South Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenugreek]
MANSFELD:30938
PLANTS:TRFO80
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
trigonella foenum-graecum
fenugreek plant
A species of flowering plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is found in Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It has also been naturalized in the Caribbean.
Damion Dooley
barak
ucuhuba
virola sebifera
virola surinamensis
Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.
ucuhuba plant
*Lupinus*, commonly known as lupin or lupine (North America), is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*. The genus includes over 200 species, with centers of diversity in North and South America.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupinus]
MANSFELD:31557
Lupinus albus L.
lupnius spp.
lupine bean plant
ricinus communis
castor bean plant
*Crataegus*, commonly called hawthorn or thornapple, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family, *Rosaceae*, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the Common Hawthorn, *C. monogyna*, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. However the name is now also applied to the entire genus, and also to the related Asian genus *Rhaphiolepis*.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus
PLANTS:CRATA
Crataegus
Crataegus L.
Crataegus sp.
crataegus spp.
haw
hawthorn plant
A young chicken between eight and 12 weeks old, of either sex, with a ready-to-cook carcass weight of five pounds or more, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and breastbone cartilage that is somewhat less flexible than that of a broiler or fryer.
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
roasting chicken
In the past roaster chickens had been classified as three to five months old, but modern rearing practices have led to faster maturation.
roaster chicken
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade
A surgically neutered male chicken younger than four months old (previously younger than eight months) that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin.
A male chicken (usually under 10 months of age) with coarse skin, somewhat toughened and darkened flesh, and considerable hardening of the breastbone cartilage. Their condition is intermediate between that of a roaster chicken and a rooster.
stag chicken
A mature female chicken (usually more than 10 months of age) with meat less tender than that of a roaster, and with a nonflexible breastbone tip.
hen
stewing chicken
stewing hen
chicken hen
A mature male chicken with coarse skin, toughened and darkened meat, and hardened breastbone tip.
Damion Dooley
cock
cockerel
rooster
The acorn, or oak nut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera *Quercus* and *Lithocarpus*, in the family *Fagaceae*).
WIKIPEDIA:Acorn
oak
PLANTS:QUERC
Quercus L.
Quercus sp.
acorn
oak nut
quercus spp.
oak tree
Sagittaria latifolia is a plant found in shallow wetlands. This plant produces edible tubers that were extensively used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
Indian potato
broadleaf arrowhead
duck-potato
sagittaria latifolia
wapato
arrowhead plant
*Amaranthus*, collectively known as amaranth or pigweed, is a cosmopolitan genus of herbs. Approximately 60 species are presently recognised, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to gold. Although several species are often considered weeds, people around the world value amaranths as leaf vegetables, cereals and ornamentals. .
WIKIPEDIA:Amaranth
amaranth (grain)
amaranthus spp.
pigweed
amaranth plant
A gourd is a plant of the family *Cucurbitaceae*. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons. The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two *Cucurbitaceae* genera *Lagenaria* and *Cucurbita*, or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[A gourd is a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. Gourd is occasionally used to describe crops like cucumbers, squash, luffas, and melons.[1] The term gourd, however, can more specifically refer to the plants of the two Cucurbitaceae genera Lagenaria and Cucurbita[citation needed], or also to their hollow, dried-out shell.[]
cucurbitaceae
gourd plant
A vine grown for its fruit, which can be either harvested young to be consumed as a vegetable, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil.
MANSFELD:3862
bottle gourd
calabash
calabesh gourd
lagenaria siceraria
lagenaria vulgaris
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
calabash gourd plant
The asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) is a legume cultivated to be eaten as green pods. It is known as the yardlong bean, bora, bodi, long-podded cowpea, asparagus bean, pea bean, snake bean, or Chinese long bean. Despite the common name, the pods are actually only about half a yard long; the subspecies name sesquipedalis (one-and-a-half-foot-long) is a rather accurate approximation of the pods' length.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus_bean
PLANTS:VIUNS2
asparagus bean
chinese long bean
long-podded cowpea
pea bean
snake bean
tau kok
vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
bodi
bora
dolichos sesquipedalis
vigna sesquipedalis
asparagus bean plant
MANSFELD:27187
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet
dolichos lablab
lablab
lubia bean
hyacinth bean plant
Celtuce (*Lactuca sativa* var. *asparagina*, *augustana*, or *angustata*), is a cultivar of lettuce grown primarily for its thick stem, used as a vegetable.
Chinese lettuce
asparagus lettuce
celery lettuce
stem lettuce
celtuce plant
Celeriac (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), also called turnip-rooted celery (although it is not a close relative of the turnip), celery root, or knob celery, is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots.
MANSFELD:1236
apium graveolens rapaceum
celeriac
celery root
knob celery
turnip-rooted celery
celeriac plant
PLANTS:SYFO
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
skunk cabbage
symplocarpus foetidus
swamp cabbage plant
agati grandiflora
sesbania grandiflora
sesbania plant
Auricularia
auricularia spp.
ear fungus
black fungus
One of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae, and one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing.
Damion Dooley
Rhodophyta
red algae
laminariales
kelp
Cyanobacteria also known as blue-green algae, blue-green bacteria, and *Cyanophyta*) is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.
WIKIPEDIA:Blue-green_algae
blue-green bacteria
cyanophycota
cyanophyta
blue-green algae
Wakame, *Undaria pinnatifida*, is a sea vegetable, or edible seaweed. It has a subtly sweet flavour and is most often served in soups and salads.
Sea-farmers have grown wakame for hundreds of years in Korea and Japan and it has been nominated as among 100 of the world's worst invasive species according to the Global Invasive Species Database.
WIKIPEDIA:Undaria_pinnatifida
Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar 1873
japanese kelp
sea mustard
undaria pinnatifida
wakame kelp
drumstick tree
moringa oleifera
moringa pterygosperma
horseradish tree
A clementine (*Citrus × clementina*) is a tangor, a hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (*C. × deliciosa*) and a sweet orange (*C. × sinensis*), so named in 1902. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine]
Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus clementina
citrus reticulata cv. clementine
clementine plant
Perideridia oregana (S. Watson) Mathias
epos root
perideridia oregana
squaw potato
eppaw plant
The Carangidae are a family of fish which includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, and scads. They are marine fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates.
Common names within family Carangidae are very disorderly, including Jacks, Amberjacks, Pompanos, Trevally, Bumpers and Scads, without clear deliniation as to which are which.[https://www.clovegarden.com/ingred/seafishv.html]
jack family
scad family
carangidae
Carangidae family
mugilidae
mullet family
Mugil gaimardianus
Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest in Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1831
mugil gaimardianus
mullet, redeye
redeye mullet
Cottidae
cottidae
sculpin family
paralonchurus spp.
croaker
CEC1993:734
Paralonchurus peruanus
Paralonchurus peruanus (Steindachner, 1875)
paralonchurus peruanus
peruvian croaker
lutjanidae
snapper family
sparidae
porgy family
percophidae
flathead family
pomatomidae
bluefish family
hexagrammidae
greenling family
haemulidae
sweetlip
grunt family
Haemulon Cuvier, 1829
haemulon spp.
tomtate
grunt
anarhichadidae
wolffish family
centrarchidae
sunfish family
cutlassfish family
gempylidae
snake mackerel family
cyclopteridae
snailfish family
centropomidae
snook family
Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family *Esocidae* the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present.
WIKIPEDIA:Esocidae
esocidae
pike family
stromateidae
butterfish family
sphyraenidae
barracuda family
ammodytidae
sand lance family
cichlidae
cichlid family
gadidae
cod family
CEC1993:464
FDA.RFE.2010:88
Theragra chalcogramma
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1811)
Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)
theragra chalcogramma
walleye pollock
alaska pollock
ophidiidae
cusk-eel family
CEC1993:912
Macrozoarces americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Macrozoarces americanus (Schneider, 1801)
macrozoarces americanus
ocean pout
zoarcidae
eelpout family
engraulidae
anchovy family
pleuronectidae
righteye flounder family
CEC1993:1151
Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Solea vulgaris
Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806
sole, european
solea vulgaris
european dover sole
bothidae
paralichthyidae
lefteye flounder family
atherinidae
silverside family
exocoetidae
flying fish family
belonidae
needlefish family
scomberesocidae
saury family
zeidae
dory family
The *Catostomidae* are the suckers of the order Cypriniformes, with about 78 species in this family of freshwater fishes. The *Catostomidae* are primarily native to North America, but *Catostomus catostomus* is found in both North America and Russia, and *Myxocyprinus asiaticus* is from China.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catostomidae]
catostomidae
sucker family
lepisosteidae
gar family
Semionotiformes ("flag-back form") is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Triassic to the Cretaceous. The best-known genus is *Semionotus* of Europe and North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semionotiformes]
gars
lepisosteiformes
semionotiformes
fish, semionotiformes
The Zeiformes are a small order of marine ray-finned fishes most notable for the dories, a group of common food fish. The order consists of about 33 species in seven families, mostly deep-sea types. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeiformes]
john dory
zeiformes
fish, zeiform
polyodontidae
paddlefish family
Acipenseridae
acipenseridae
sturgeon family
*Citrus bergamia*, the bergamot orange, is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness.
The fruit of the bergamot orange is edible.An essence extracted from the aromatic skin of this sour fruit is used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas, as well as confectionery (including Turkish delight). It is often used to make marmalade, particularly in Italy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot_orange]
MANSFELD:7666
PLANTS:CIAUB
Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engler
Citrus bergamia Risso & Poit.
Citrus ×aurantium L. ssp. bergamia (Risso & Poit.) Wight & Arn. ex Engl.
citrus aurantium bergamia
citrus bergamia
citrus ×aurantium
bergamot orange plant
Airbreathing catfishes are fishes comprising the family *Clariidae* of order Siluriformes. About 14 genera and about 116 species of clariids are described. All the clariids are freshwater species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbreathing_catfish]
clariidae
labyrinth catfish family
osmeridae
smelt family
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
osmerus mordax mordax
rainbow smelt
smelt, rainbow
LanguaL curation note: See remarks on *RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]*.
atlantic rainbow smelt
Notropis Rafinesque, 1818
notropis spp.
shiner
squaliformes
fish, squaliform
dogfish sharks
spiny dogfishes
squalidae
dogfish shark family
squatinidae
angel shark family
The *Lamnidae* are the family of mackerel or white sharks. They are large, fast-swimming sharks, found in oceans worldwide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamnidae]
lamnidae
porbeagles
mackerel shark family
carcharhinidae
requiem shark family
coryphaenidae
dolphinfish family
Catjang (*Vigna unguiculata* subsp. *cylindrica*) is a subspecies of cowpea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catjang]
MANSFELD:27314
PLANTS:VIUNC2
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Verdc.
Vigna unguiculata unguiculata Biflora Group
bombay cowpea
catjang
catjang cowpea
catjung
dolichos unguiculata
vigna cylindrica
vigna unguiculata
catjang bean plant
The *Cyprinidae* are the family of freshwater fishes, collectively called cyprinids, that includes the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (for example, the barbs and barbels). Also commonly called the "carp family", or "minnow family", Cyprinidae is the largest known fish family and the largest vertebrate animal family in general, with about 3,000 living and extinct species in about 370 genera. The family belongs to the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make more than two-thirds.. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprinidae]
barbs
cyprinidae
minnow family
carp or minnow family
minnow
phoxinus spp.
redbelly dace
branchiostegidae
malacanthidae
tilefish family
argentinidae
herring smelts
argentine family
cirrhitidae
hawkfish family
bramidae
castagnole
pomfret family
arripidae
australian salmon family
trachichthyidae
slimehead family
CEC1993:1350
Pecten novaezelandiae
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve 1852
Pecten novaezelandiae Reeve, 1852
pecten novaezelandiae
new zealand commercial scallop
Crassostrea glomerata
Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850)
auckland oyster
crassostrea glomerata
saccostrea glomerata
new zealand rock oyster
WIKIPEDIA:Concholepas_concholepas
Concholepas concholepas
Concholepas concholepas (Bruguiere 1789)
concholepas concholepas
false abalone
liparis spp.
locos
chilean abalone
Perna canaliculus
Perna canaliculus (Gmelin 1791)
green-lipped mussel
perna canaliculus
new zealand green mussel
Acanthocardia aculeata
Acanthocardia aculeata (Linnaeus, 1758)
acanthocardia aculeata
cardium aculeata
cardium echinatum
spiny cockle
rajiformes
fish, rajiform
The *Pimelodidae*, commonly known as the long-whiskered catfishes, are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes). All species of Pimelodidae are found in South America and the lower Isthmian region. Their range reaches from South America and Panama north to southernmost Mexico. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimelodidae]
pimelodidae
long whiskered catfish family
rajidae
skate family
The Tetraodontiformes are an order of highly derived ray-finned fish, also called the Plectognathi. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at least 349 species overall; most are marine and dwell in and around tropical coral reefs, but a few species are found in freshwater streams and estuaries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraodontiformes]
fish, tetraodontiform
The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species. Member genera include the alfonsinos, squirrelfishes, flashlight fishes, fangtooth fishes, spinyfins, pineconefishes, redfishes, roughies, and slimeheads.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryciformes]
beryciformes
fish, beryciform
sardinops ocellatus
south african pilchard
clawed lobsters
nephropidae
clawed lobster family
latridae
latrididae
trumpeter family
tetraodontidae
pufferfish family
protopteridae
african lungfish family
Lepidosireniformes are an order of lungfish containing the families *Lepidosirenidae* (the South American lungfish) and *Protopteridae* (the African lungfish). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidosireniformes]
lepidosireniformes
fish, lepidosireniform
fingerfish family
monodactylidae
moonfish family
scyllaridae
slipper lobsters
slipper lobster family
The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp. Most decapods are scavengers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda]
decapoda
decapod
*Phaseolus vulgaris*, also known as the common bean among other names,[ is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit. The main categories of common beans, on the basis of use, are dry beans (seeds harvested at complete maturity), snap beans (tender pods with reduced fibre harvested before the seed development phase) and shell beans (seeds harvested at physiological maturity). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other *Phaseolus* species, is as a member of the legume family *Fabaceae*, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris
MANSFELD:27559
PLANTS:PHVU
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris
phaseolus vulgaris
pink bean
small white bean
yellow bean
common bean plant
PLANTS:VILA8
Vitis labrusca L.
fox grape
vitis labrusca
vitis labruscana
fox grape plant
agave americana
agave atrovirens
american aloe
maguey
century plant
Percidae
percidae
true perch
perch family
sciaenidae
drum family
anoplopomatidae
sablefish family
ictalurus spp.
bullhead catfish
crambe maritima
sea kale plant
Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:9033
PLANTS:MEGE4
Mespilus germanica L.
mespilus germanica
medlar plant
*Solanum betaceum* (syn. *Cyphomandra betacea*) is a small tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Solanaceae "the nightshade plant". It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. Other names include tree tomato, tomate de árbol, and dutch eggplant in Indonesia.
WIKIPEDIA:Cyphomandra_betacea
PLANTS:CYBE3
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.
Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtner
Solanum betaceum Cav.
cyphomandra betacea
solanum betaceum
tamarillo
tree tomato plant
*Osmundastrum* is genus of leptosporangiate ferns in the family Osmundaceae with one accepted species, *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum*, the cinnamon fern. It is native to the Americas and eastern Asia, growing in swamps, bogs and moist woodlands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmundastrum]
PLANTS:OSCI
Osmunda cinnamomea L.
Osmundastrum cinnamomea (L.) C. Presl
buckhorn (osmunda)
fiddlehead fern
osmunda cinnamomea
osmundastrum cinnamomea
cinnamon fern plant
A species, Morchella conica, in the *Morchellaceae* family commonly known as the black morel, (others also known as black morel are *Morchella angusticeps* and *Morchella elata*).
WIKIPEDIA:Morchella_conica
Morchella conica Pers 1801
Morchella angusticeps
Morchella conica
morel
pointed morel
ribbed morel
black morel
Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & Moncalvo 2001
common inccap
coprinus atramentarius
An edible (but sometimes poisonous, when combined with alcohol) mushroom found in Europe and North America.
Agaricus campestris L., 1753
Agaricus campestris
meadow mushroom
A widely eaten gilled mushroom closely related to the cultivated button mushroom Agaricus bisporus
Verpa bohemica (Krombh.) J.Schröt. (1893)
Verpa bohemica
early false morel
early morel
Gyromitra montana Harmaja, 1973
gyromitra gigas
gyromitra montana
snow mushroom
Banana passionfruit is the fruit of several plants in the genus Passiflora, and are therefore related to the passion fruit. They look somewhat like a straight, small banana with rounded ends. It was given this name in New Zealand, where passionfruit are also prevalent. In Hawaii, it is called banana poka. In its Latin American homeland, it is known as curuba, curuba de Castilla, or curuba sabanera blanca (Colombia); taxo, tacso, tagso, tauso (Ecuador); parcha (Venezuela), tumbo or curuba (Bolivia); tacso, tumbo, tumbo del norte, trompos, or tintin (Peru).
WIKIPEDIA:Banana_passionfruit
curuba
passiflora spp.
banana passionfruit plant
marrow, vegetable
vegetable marrow plant
amigasatake
morchellaceae
Boletus edulis Bull., 1782
cep
penny bun
yellow boletus
A basidiomycete fungus, a species of the genus Boletus. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere across Europe, Asia, and North America.
The Zante currant (in the United States), or currant (in other English-speaking countries) are dried berries of small, sweet, seedless grape variety Black Corinth (*Vitis vinifera*).
Unprocessed currants must be obtained from grapes of the varieties (cultivars) *Vitis vinifera* L. Black Corinth.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1999:192:0021:0032:EN:PDF]
Damion Dooley
WIKIPEDIA:Black_Corinth
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
Vitis vinifera L.
black corinth grape
currant
corinth grape plant
*Spirulina* is a genus of cyanobacteria. As a photosynthetic organism capable of fixing nitrogen, its non-protein nutrient values are relatively low.
WIKIPEDIA:Spirulina_(genus)
Spirulina Turpin Ex Gomont, 1893
spirulina
PLANTS:CILAC
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf.
Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.
citrullus lanatus var. citroides
citrullus vulgaris var. citroides
preserving melon
stock melon
citron melon plant
Cucumis melo var. chito (C. Morren) Naudin
garden lemon
melon apple
orange melon
vegetable orange
vine peach
mango melon plant
A species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south.
Damion Dooley
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_virginiana
PLANTS:PRVI
Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa
Virginia bird cherry
bitter-berry
chokecherry
prunus virginiana
virginia chokecherry
western chokecherry
Prunus virginiana L.
chokecherry plant
Chamomile (American English) or camomile (British English) is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG/325px-Kamomillasaunio_%28Matricaria_recutita%29.JPG
PLANTS:MARE6
Italian camomilla
camomile
camomile
chamomile
common chamomile
german chamomile
hungarian chamomile
kamilla
matricaria chamomilla
matricaria recutita
scented chamomile
scented mayweed
wild chamomile
Matricaria chamomilla L.
Matricaria recutita L.
chamomile plant
cataria
nepeta cataria
catnip plant
larrea mexicana
larrea tridentata
chaparral plant
MANSFELD:29969
Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
glycyrrhiza glabra
licorice plant
ephedra nevadensis
gray ephedra
mormon tea
nevada ephedra
nevada jointfir plant
grapple plant
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's claw plant
*Tilia * is a genus of about 30 species of trees native or bushes throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Commonly called lime trees or "'lime bushes'" in the British Isles, they are not closely related to the lime fruit. Other names include linden, and basswood for the North American species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia]
PLANTS:TILIA
linden
Tilia
Tilia L.
Tilia spp.
tilia spp.
linden plant
european mistletoe
viscum album
mistletoe plant (european)
erythroxylum coca
coca plant
altamisa
chrysanthemum parthenium
feverfew plant
agrimonia eupatoria
agrimony
cocklebur plant
*Senna *, the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the legume family *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species in temperate regions. The number of species is estimated to be from about 260 to 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.
Cassia gum, an extract of the seeds of Chinese senna (*S. obtusifolia*), is used as a thickening agent. The leaves and flowers of Siamese cassia (*S. siamea *) are used in some Southeast Asian cuisines, such as Thai and Lao cuisines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_(plant)]
PLANTS:SENNA
Senna
Senna Mill.
Senna spp.
cassia spp.
senna spp.
senna plant
Epazote, wormseed, Jesuit's tea, Mexican tea, Paico or Herba Sancti Mariæ (*Dysphania ambrosioides*, formerly *Chenopodium ambrosioides*) is an herb native to Central America, South America, and southern Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_ambrosioides
PLANTS:CHAM
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
chenopodium ambrosioides
dysphania ambrosoides
epazote
wormseed
mexican tea plant
A plant species (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) of the holly genus (Ilex)
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:26742
ilex paraguariensis
paraguay tea
yerba mate
Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil.
mate plant
piper methysticum
kava plant
cucurbita pepo var. pepo
acorn squash plant
Smilax aristolochiifolia
sarsaparilla plant
guizotia abyssinica
ramtilla
niger (plant) plant
MANSFELD:23939
PLANTS:BRRAR
Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
brassica campestris
broccoli raab
field mustard
rapini
field mustard plant
Mustards are several plant species in the genera *Brassica* and *Sinapis* whose small mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into the condiment known as mustard or prepared mustard. The seeds are also pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens.
WIKIPEDIA:Mustard_plant
brassica spp.
sinapis spp.
mustard plant
MANSFELD:30514
Lathyrus sativus L.
tare
vicia
vetch plant
White cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* convar. *capitata* var. *alba* L.) is a variety of the cabbage, a cultivar of the plant species *Brassica oleracea*. White cabbage is a winter vegetable.
WIKIPEDIA:White_cabbage
MANSFELD:23907
Brassica oleracea L. var. alba DC.
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata
brassica oleracea var. capitata
white cabbage plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. rubra DC.
red cabbage plant
amanita rubescens
The common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita. A. rubescens, found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta in western North America.
Lactarius spp.
Russulaceae
A genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species.
Lactarius helvus (Fr.) Fr., 1838
lactarius aquifluus
Psilocybe semilanceata (Fr.) P. Kumm., 1871
liberty cap
A species of fungus which produces the psychoactive compounds psilocybin and baeocystin.
Chinese cabbage (*Brassica rapa*, subspecies *pekinensis* and *chinensis*) can refer to two distinct varieties (see below) of Chinese leaf vegetables used often in Chinese cuisine. These vegetables are both related to the Western cabbage, and are of the same species as the common turnip. Both have many variations in name, spelling and scientific classification, especially the "bok choy" or chinensis variety.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:23985
PLANTS:BRCH4
brassica chinensis
brassica rapa var. chinensis
pak choi
pok choi
Brassica chinensis L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
bok choy plant
rhinichthys spp.
dace
The Beurré Bosc or Bosc is a cultivar of the European Pear (*Pyrus communis*) grown in the northwestern U.S. states of California, Washington, and Oregon; Australia; as well as in British Columbia, Ontario and Europe, where it is sometimes called Kaiser.
Bosc pear plant
The D'Anjou pear, sometimes referred to as the Beurré d'Anjou or simply Anjou, is a short-necked cultivar of European Pear.
Anjou pear plant
hibiscus spp.
hibiscus plant
PLANTS:LASA3
crisphead lettuce
iceberg lettuce plant
Butterhead - Also known as Boston or Bibb lettuce, and traditional in the UK as "round lettuce", this type is a head lettuce with a loose arrangement of leaves, known for its sweet flavor and tender texture.
PLANTS:LASA3
var. capitata L. nidus tenerrima Helm
cabbage lettuce
head lettuce
lactuca sativa var. capitata
butterhead lettuce plant
boston lettuce
limestone lettuce
bibb lettuce plant
boston lettuce plant
Lettuce with loosely curled leaves that do not form a compact head.
PLANTS:LASA3
Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.
lactusa sativa crispa
loose leaf lettuce plant
Lollo Rosso is a red loose leaf type of lettuce. Lollo Rosso's sister varieties are Lollo Biando and Lollo Verde.
Lolla Rossa
Lollo Rossa
lollo rosso plant
cos lettuce
lactuca sativa var. cos
lactuca sativa var. longifolia
romaine plant
Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds.
MANSFELD:4048
Cucurbita maxima L. (Duch.)
pumpkin plant
cucurbita spp.
pumpkin, squash or gourd
squash, gourd or pumpkin plant
macropodidae
macropus spp.
A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. Of the two F1 hybrids between these two species, a mule is easier to obtain than a hinny (the offspring of a male horse and a female donkey). All male mules and most female mules are infertile.
WIKIPEDIA:Mule
equus asinus x equus caballus
mule
Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda. The extant members of this group are: dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, wild Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelid
camelid
camelus spp.
camel
CEC1993:1300
Jacquinotia edwardsii
Jacquinotia edwardsii (Jacquinot, 1853)
jacquinotia edwardsii
maia
maja
new zealand crab
southern spider crab
new zealand spider crab
portunus spp.
swim crab (portunus spp.)
asteroidae
starfish
Evening primrose
oenothera biennis
evening primrose plant
bassia latifolia
east indian illipe
madhuca latifolia
tanga kwang
illipe plant
The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastropoda]
The taxonomic class *Gastropoda* also includes snails that live in different habitats, such as land snails, marine and freshwater snails..
gastropoda
gastropod
*Mollusca* is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusca]
EC:No 216/2009 MOL
Mollusca
mollusk
mollusc
*Bivalvia*, in previous centuries referred to as the *Lamellibranchiata* and *Pelecypoda*, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. Bivalves as a group have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalvia]
bivalvia
lamellibranchiata
pelecypod
pelecypoda
bivalve
Snail is a common name loosely applied to shelled gastropods ... members of the molluscan class *Gastropoda* that have a coiled shell that is large enough for the animal to retract completely into. Gastropods that naturally lack a shell, or have only an internal shell, are mostly called slugs, and land snails that have only a very small shell (that they cannot retract into) are often called semi-slugs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail]
snail
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum *Echinodermata* of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinoderm]
EC:No 1637/2001 ECH
Echinodermata
Echinodermata Klein, 1734
echinodermata
echinoderm
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class *Cephalopoda* such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalopod]
cephalopoda
cephalopod
Leucoagaricus leucothites (Vittad.) Wasser, 1977
lepiota naucina
leucoagaricus naucinus
smooth lepiota
white dapperling
ogen melon plant
Concord grapes are a cultivar derived from the grape species *Vitis labrusca* (a.k.a. fox grape) which are used as table grapes, wine grapes and juice grapes.
WIKIPEDIA:Concord_grape
PLANTS:VILA8
Vitis labrusca L.
concord grape
vitis labrusca var. concord
concord grape (plant)
Muscadines are a grapevine species native to the present-day southeastern United States that has been extensively cultivated since the 16th Century.
WIKIPEDIA:Muscadine
PLANTS:VIRO3
PLANTS:VIROR
Vitis rotundifolia Michx.
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia
grape, scuppernong
muscadine grape
muscadinia rotundifolia
scuppernong grape
vitis rotundifolia
muscadine grape plant
Variety of the Common Plum.
MANSFELD:9332
PLANTS:PRDO
Prunus domestica L.
prunus domestica
italian prune plum plant
tea or coffee plant
coffee or tea plant
balanus spp.
goose barnacles
lepadidae
lepas spp.
barnacle
barnacles
bernacles
cirripedia
cirriped
balistes app.
triggerfish
Filefish (also known as foolfish, leatherjackets or shingles) are tropical to subtropical tetraodontiform marine fish of the diverse family *Monacanthidae*. Found in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, the filefish family contains approximately 107 species in 26 genera. Filefish are closely related to the triggerfish, pufferfish and trunkfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Monacanthidae
monacanthidae
filefish family
*Castanospermum australe* (Moreton Bay Chestnut or Blackbean), the only species in the genus *Castanospermum*, is a flowering plant in the family *Fabaceae*, native to the east coast of Australia in Queensland and New South Wales, and to the Pacific islands of Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and the island of New Britain (Papua New Guinea). Members of this genus accumulate iminosugars in their leaves.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanospermum]
Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. & C. Fraser ex Hook.
Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. & C.Fraser ex Hook.
black turtle bean
castanospermum australe
moreton bay chestnut plant
lippia micromera
thyme, spanish
spanish thyme plant
perilla frutescens crispa
beefsteak plant
dogfish shark, carnivorous
dogfish shark, herbivorous
Triggerfishes are about 40 species of often brightly colored fishes of the family *Balistidae*. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the aptly named oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered.
WIKIPEDIA:Balistidae
balistidae
triggerfish family
oligoplites spp.
leatherjacket genus
Lutjanus inermis
Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus inermis
golden snapper
Brachyplatystoma flavicans (Castelnau 1855)
amazon catfish
brachyplatystoma flavicans
south american catfish
Argemone mexicana L.
argemone
argemony
argenone mexicana
mexican prickly-poppy
mexican-poppy
prickly poppy plant
Melia azedarach is a species of deciduous tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, that is native to Indomalaya and Australasia. Leaves and fruit (in quantity) are toxic to humans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melia_azedarach
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg/320px-Melia_azedarach_01434.jpg
Cape lilac
Indian lilac
Persian lilac
Pride of India
bead-tree
syringa berrytree
melia azedarach
sadao
chinaberry tree
celosia argentea
soko
feather cockscomb plant
groundsel plant
rhus spp.
sumac plant
craylets
galatheidae
squat lobsters
squat lobster family
palinuridae
spiny lobster family
moridae
morid cod family
MANSFELD:3744
Momordica charantia L.
momordica balsamina
balsam apple plant
diodon spp.
fugu
porcupinefish
centropristis spp.
sea bass
Opsanus Rafinesque, 1818
opsanus
toadfish
semotilus spp.
creek chub
prionotus spp.
searobin
menticirrhus spp.
weakfish
kingfish
batrachoidiformes
fish, batrachoidiform
A small, lobster-like crustacean found in the cold, deep waters off the coast of Chile.
Pleuroncodes monodon
Pleuroncodes monodon (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
carrot squat lobster
galathea monodon
pleuroncodes monodon
red crab
squat lobster
langostino colorado
chilean baby crawfish
deep sea cray
sea cray
south pacific shellfish
Cervimunida johni
Cervimunida johni Porter 1903
blue squat lobster
cervinumida johni
langostino amarillo
ibacus spp.
fan lobster
King crabs are a taxon of crab-like decapod crustaceans chiefly found in cold seas. Because of their large size and the taste of their meat, many species are widely caught and sold as food, the most common being the red king crab (*Paralithodes camtschaticus*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_crab]
Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819
king crabs
lithodidae
king crab family
*Portunidae* is a family of crabs which contains the swimming crabs. Its members include many well-known shoreline crabs, such as the European shore crab (*Carcinus maenas*), blue crab (*Callinectes sapidus*), velvet crab (*Necora puber*) and lady crab (*Ovalipes ocellatus*). Two genera in the family are contrastingly named *Scylla* and *Charybdis*; the former contains the economically important species black crab (*Scylla serrata*) and *Scylla paramamosain*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunidae]
portunidae
swimming crabs
swimming crab family
CEC1993:1287
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers 1876)
Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)
formosan crab
gazami crab
portunus trituberculatus
oriental blue crab
Mud crab may refer to any crab that lives in or near mud, such as: species from family *Portunidae*, such as *Scylla serrata*; *Scylla tranquebarica*; *Scylla paramamosain*; members of the family *Panopeidae*, such as *Panopeus herbstii*; members of the family *Xanthidae*; *Helice crassa*, the tunnelling mud crab. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_crab]
mud crabs
panopeidae
pebble crabs
portunidae
rubble crabs
scylla spp.
xanthidae
mud crab family
*Coenobitidae* are the family of terrestrial hermit crabs, widely known for their land-living habits. They are found in coastal tropical regions around the world and require access to the ocean to breed. There are 17 species in two genera: Coenobita Latreille, 1829; Birgus Leach, 1816. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenobitidae]
coenobitidae
land hermit crabs
coconut crab family
Birgus latro (Linnaeus 1767)
birgus latro
purse crab
robber crab
coconut crab
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsidae]
grapsidae
marsh crabs
shore crabs
talon crabs
shore, marsh and talon crab family
*Majidae* is a family of crabs, comprising around 200 marine species inside 52 genera, with a carapace that is longer than it is broad, and which forms a point at the front. The legs can be very long in some species, leading to the name "spider crab". The exoskeleton is covered with bristles to which the crab attaches algae and other items to act as camouflage. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majidae]
majidae
spider crab family
Chionoecetes japonicus
beni-zuwai crab
chionoecetes japonicus
japanese spider crab
*Dromiidae* is a family of crabs, often referred to as sponge crabs. They are small or medium-sized crabs which get their name from the ability to shape a living sponge into a portable shelter for themselves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiidae]
dromiidae
sponge crabs
sponge crab family
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geryonidae]
deepsea crabs
geryonidae
deep sea crab family
*Atelecyclidae* is a family of crabs belonging to the Cancroidea superfamily, and currently contains eight genera of which two are extinct. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelecyclidae]
atelecyclidae
horse crabs
horse crab family
dublin bay prawn
metanephrops nei
metanephrops spp.
deep sea lobster
triglidae
searobin family
eutrema wasabi
japanese horseradish
wasabia japonica
wasabi plant
cactaceae
cactus plant
An adult male swine.
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
boar
Salmo is a genus of fish in the salmon family Salmonidae that includes the European species of salmon and trout, among them the familiar Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and the brown trout Salmo trutta.
salmo spp.
salmo
threadfine
polynemidae
threadfin family
Black pepper consists of unripe whole fruit that are sundried. White pepper consists of the seeds only of ripe fruit.
piper nigrum
black or white pepper plant
Suillus luteus (L.) Roussel, 1806
ringed boletus
A bolete fungus of the genus Suillus, native to Eurasia, from the British Isles to Korea. It has been introduced widely elsewhere, including North and South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Commonly referred to as slippery jack or sticky bun in English-speaking countries, its names refer to the brown cap, which is characteristically viscid in wet conditions. The fungus fruits abundantly in autumn, and is harvested for food. The slime coating, however, may cause indigestion if not removed.
Paphies subtriangulata
Paphies ventricosa
paphies subtriangulatum
paphies ventricosa
tuatua
new zealand wedge clam
*Lippia graveolens*, a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, *Verbenaceae*, is native to the southwestern United States (Texas and southern New Mexico), Mexico, and Central America as far south as Nicaragua. Common names include Mexican oregano, redbrush lippia, orégano Cimmaron, scented lippia, and scented matgrass.
The essential oil of *Lippia graveolens* contains 0-81% thymol, 0-48% carvacrol, 3-30% para-cymene, and 0-15% eucalyptol. The first two components give the plant a flavor similar to oregano, and the leaves are widely used as an herb in Mexico and Central America [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippia_graveolens]
PLANTS:LIGR6
Lippia graveolens Kunth
lippia graveolens
mexican marjoram
mexican oregano
mexican sage
mexican sage, origan
mexican wild sage
oregano, lippia
oreganum
origan
sage, mexican
oregano, mexican (plant)
*Batrachoididae* is the only family in the ray-finned fish order Batrachoidiformes. Members of this family are usually called toadfish, or "frogfish": both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batrachoididae]
batrachoididae
toadfish family
The Scorpaeniformes are a diverse order of ray-finned fish, including the well-known lionfish, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species with over 1,320. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpaeniformes]
scorpaeniformes
fish, scorpaeniform
A macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae (kingdom Protista) that belongs to one of several groups of multicellular algae: the red algae, green algae, and brown algae. As these three groups are not thought to have a common multicellular ancestor, the seaweeds are a polyphyletic group. In addition, some tuft-forming bluegreen algae (Cyanobacteria) are sometimes considered seaweed.
Damion Dooley
Seaweed is a colloquial term and lacks a formal definition.
macroalgae
seaweed
chimaeriformes
fish, chimaeriform
callorhinchidae
callorhynchidae
elephatfish
plownose chimera family
wild caia plant
Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass or simply lemon grass, is a tropical plant native to Island Southeast Asia and introduced to many tropical regions. Cymbopogon citratus is often sold in stem form.
MANSFELD:36188
lemon grass
lemongrass
Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.
cymbopogon citratus
fever grass
west indian lemongrass
lemon grass plant
Astroscopus guttatus Abbott, 1860
astroscopus guttatus
spotted stargazer
uranoscopidae
stargazer family
Labridae Cuvier, 1816
labridae
wrasse family
cellana denticulata
fissurellidae
lapa
patella caerulea
patella vulgata
true limpets
limpet
Weevers (or weeverfish) are 9 extant species of fishes of family *Trachinidae*, order Perciformes. They are long (up to 37 cm), mainly brown in color, and have venomous spines on their first dorsal fins and gills. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weever]
trachinidae
weeverfish family
lacertilia
squamata
lizard
CEC1993:194
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854)
Sardinops caeruleus (Girard, 1854)
californian sardine
sardinops caeruleus
california pilchard
Zanthoxylum (including Fagara) is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family, Rutaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. Common names include Prickly-ash and Hercules' Club.
WIKIPEDIA:Zanthoxylum
zanthoxylum spp.
prickly ash plant
mobulidae
manta family
congridae
conger eel family
acanthuridae
surgeonfish family
zanthoxylum piperitum
japan pepper plant
The snakeheads are members of the freshwater perciform fish family *Channidae*, native to parts of Africa and Asia. These elongated, predatory fish are distinguished by their long dorsal fins, large mouths, and shiny teeth. They breathe air with gills, which allows them to migrate short distances over land. They are valuable as a food source and have become notorious as an intentionally released invasive species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakehead_(fish)]
channidae
snakehead family
The Betel (*Piper betle*) is a spice whose leaves have medicinal properties. The plant is evergreen and perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins, and grows to a height of about 1 metre. The Betel plant originated in Malaysia and now grows in India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The best Betel leaf is the "Magahi" variety (literally from the Magadha region) grown near Patna in Bihar, India. The plant is known by a series of different names in the regions in which it is consumed - among these are Vetrilai (Tamil) (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Betel).
betle pepper
piper betle
betel plant
Betel nut, also known as Pinang or Areca nut, is the seed of the Betel Palm (*Areca catechu*). Betel nuts are often chewed for their helpful effects, which are caused by the relatively high levels of alkaloids in the seed. Chewing betel nuts is an important and popular cultural activity in many Asian countries
WIKIPEDIA:Betel_nut
areca catechu
betel nut palm plant
gasterochisma melampus
gastoro
butterfly mackerel
Amanatsu or natsumikan is a yellowish orange citrus hybrid fruit, a group of cultivars of *Citrus natsudaidai*, which were discovered in 1740 in the Yamaguchi prefecture of Japan. Natsumikan is about the size of grapefruit and oblate in shape. The fruit contains 12 segments and about 30 seeds. The rough textured fruit is easy to peel and is commonly eaten fresh. It is also used for wide variety of products ranging from marmalades to alcoholic beverages. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanatsu]
Citrus natsudaidai Hayata
citrus aurantium subsp. nastridaidai
citrus natsudaidai
golden oriental grapefruit
summer orange
summer tangerine
summer orange plant
*Turbinidae*, the turban snails, are a family of small to large marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily *Trochoidea*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbinidae]
CEC1993:1315
Turbo cornutus
Turbo cornutus Lightfoot 1786
nonodonta turbinata
turban snail
turbinidae
turbo
turbo cornutus
top shell
makaira nigricans
pacific blue marlin
blue marlin
Ensis americanus (Gould, 1870)
ensis americanus
siligna patula
american razor clam
*Dolichos* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, and the subfamily *Faboideae*. It is distributed in Africa and Asia. The lablab bean (*Lablab purpureus*) was formerly included in *Dolichos*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolichos_(plant)]
dolichos plant
Phleum pratense L.
phleum pratense
timothy plant
Dactylis glomerata L.
cocksfoot
dactylis glomerata
orchard grass plant
Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
alta fescue
festuca arundinacea
festuca elatior
meadow fescue
tall fescue
reed fescue plant
african marigold
big marigold
tagetes erecta
aztec marigold plant
PLANTS:FRPU7
Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper
Frangula purshiana (DC.) J. G. Cooper
Rhamnus purshiana DC.
frangula purshiana
rhamnus purshiana
cascara buckthorn plant
The *Gecarcinidae*, the land crabs, are a family of true crabs that are adapted for terrestrial existence. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinidae]
cangrejos
gecarcinidae
land crab family
amorphophallus konjac
amorphophallus rivieri
hydrosme rivieri
leopard palm
devils tongue plant
A composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.
lichen
A taxonomic family of crabs
cancridae
rack crabs
rock crab family
Patinopecten yessoensis
Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay 1857)
amusium japanic
patinopecten yessoensis
japanese scallop
allium cepa
cipollini onion
cipollini plant
Fissurella maxima
fissurella maxima
giant keyhole limpet
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., 1881
Ganoderma lucidum (M.A.Curtis) P.Karst.
ganoderma lucidum
lacquered bracket
lingzhi mushroom
A species complex that encompasses several fungal species of the genus Ganoderma, most commonly the closely related species *Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma tsugae, and Ganoderma lingzhi.
agropyron spicatum
bluebunch wheatgrass
wheatgrass plant
shorea robusta
sal tree
CEC1993:848
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman 1937
Cheilodactylus bergi Norman, 1937
cheilodactylus bergi
morwong
Pinguipes Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
pinguipes spp.
sandperch
The sandperches are a family, *Pinguipedidae*, of fishes in the order Perciformes. Sandperches typically live on sand or rubble substrates in shallow seas. The anterior end of the fish is cylindrical and the posterior end partially flattened. The eyes are on the top of the head and the fish lie on the seabed, propped up by their widely separated pelvic fins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandperch]
pinguipedidae
sandperch family
adrianichthyidae
ricefish family
CEC1993:1381
Meretrix lusoria (Roding, 1798)
Meretrix lusoria (Röding, 1798)
meretrix lusoria
japanese hard clam
Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
chrysophrys unicolor
pagrus auratus
squirefish
sea bream
Paralichthys microps
Paralichthys microps (Günther, 1881)
paralichthys microps
smalleye flounder
globefish
sphoeroides spp.
puffer
phaeophyceae
phaeophycophyta
phaeophyta
brown algae
Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
chinese mustard cabbage
mustard cabbage plant
spondias dulcis
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
spondias purpurea
spondias spp.
ciruela plant
FISHBASE:
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
pumpkinseed
lophiiformes
fish, lophiiform
Anglerfishes are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a fleshy growth from the fish's head (the esca or illicium) acts as a lure. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglerfish]
anglerfishes
lophiidae
lophius spp.
goosefish family
ursidae
Beefalo are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle, *Bos taurus*, and the American bison, *Bison bison* (generally called buffalo in the US). The breed was created to combine the characteristics of both animals with a view towards beef production.
bos taurus x bison bison
CEC1993:1492
Rhopilema spp
Rhopilema spp.
medusae
rhopilema spp.
jellyfish
*Coelenterata* is an obsolete term encompassing the animal phyla *Cnidaria* (coral animals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their allies) and *Ctenophora* (comb jellies). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterata]
coelenterata
coelenterate
Rhodymenia
rhodymenia
Malaclemys terrapin (Schoepff, 1793)
malademys spp.
diamondback terrapin
A pea variety that yeilds yellow-colored seeds at maturity.
Damion Dooley
Yellow Pea varieties grown in North America for human consumption include Belinda, Century, Impala, Lenca, Miranda, Paloma, Renata, Tipu and Victoria. A variety called “Procon” is used for animal feed; the variety called “Trapper” is grown as feed for birds.
yellow field pea plant
MANSFELD:23903
brassica oleracea var. bullata
savoy cabbage plant
MANSFELD:64
allium tuberosum
chinese chive
garlic chive
oriental garlic
Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.
chinese chive plant
anabantidae
gurami
climbing perch family
Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860
gouramy
trichopsis spp.
croaking gourami
selar spp.
bigeye scads (Selar spp)
The Amiiformes order of fish has only one extant species, the bowfin (*Amia calva*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiiformes]
amiiformes
fish, amiiform
freshwater bass
salt-brackish water bass
anadara clams nei
anadara spp.
arca spp.
arcidae
barbatia spp.
arkshells
tilapia spp.
tilapia
amiidae
bowfin family
Crotalus Linnaeus, 1758
crotalus
crotalus spp.
rattlesnake
cebidae
monkey
alligator spp.
alligatoridae
caymans
alligator
crocodylidae
crocodylus spp.
crocodile
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
ipil-ipil
jumbie bean
leadtree
leucaena leucocephala
leucaena plant
Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr.
brain mushroom
false morel
gyromitra esculenta
beefsteak morel
PLANTS:SAKO4
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr.
red santol
sandoricum koetjape
santol plant
Bracken (*Pteridium*) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family *Dennstaedtiaceae*. *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken or common bracken) is the most common species with a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in temperate and subtropical regions throughout much of the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracken]
brake (plant)
pteridium aquilinum
pteridium esculentum
pteris aquilina
bracken fern plant
*Lilium* bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of *L. lancifolium, L. pumilum*, and especially *L. brownii* are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller (Source:
WIKIPEDIA:Lily).
lilium spp.
lily plant
Radicchio is a cultivated form of leaf chicory (*Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae*), sometimes known as Italian chicory, and is a perennial. It is grown as a leaf vegetable which usually has white-veined red leaves. It has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows when it is grilled or roasted.
radicchio
radicchio plant
A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having certain tissue that conducts water and nutrients, and having branched stems. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (*Polypodiidae*) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter itself comprising "ferns" other than those denominated "true ferns": horsetails (including scouring rushes), whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns.
Ferns are not as important economically as seed plants but have considerable importance in some societies. Some ferns are used for food, including the fiddleheads of *Pteridium aquilinum* (bracken), *Matteuccia struthiopteris* (ostrich fern), and *Osmundastrum cinnamomeum* (cinnamon fern). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern]
fiddlehead
pteridophyta
fern plant
Acacia pennata (English: Climbing wattle, Thai: Cha-om, Burmese Su pout ywet) is a species of acacia which is native to South and Southeast Asia. In Burma, Laos and Thailand, the feathery shoots of Acacia pennata are used in soups, curries, omelettes and stir-fries. The edible shoots are picked up before they become tough and thorny.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha_om]
WIKIPEDIA:Cha_om
Acacia pennata (L.) Willd.
acacia pennata
cha om
climbing wattle plant
pak kard plant
*Piper sarmentosum* is a plant in the *Piperaceae* family used in many Southeast Asian cuisines. The leaves are often confused with betel, but they lack the intense taste of the betel leaves and are significantly smaller.
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_sarmentosum
Piper sarmentosum Roxb.
piper sarmentosum
chaa phluu plant
sato
sataw plant
careya sphaerica
phak kradon
kradon plant
macrotyloma uniflorum
horse gram bean plant
artemiidae
brine shrimps
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from Anostraca shrimp family (order Anostraca Sars, 1867).
artemiidae shrimp family
An edible pea plant of a cultivar group of Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon which has peas that differ from sugar snap peas in that their pods are flat as opposed to round.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_pea
snow pea plant
An edible pea plant of a cultivar group of Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon which has peas that differ from snow peas in that their pods are round as opposed to flat.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_pea
Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum var. macrocarpon Ser.
Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon
snap pea plant
sugar snap pea plant
MANSFELD:7684
PLANTS:CINO3
Citrus nobilis Lour.
Citrus x nobilis Lour.
citrus nobilis
citrus nobilis cv. king
citrus x nobilis
king mandarin orange
tangor
king orange plant
Citrus temple hort. ex Yu. Tanaka
citrus nobilis cv. temple
citrus temple
temple orange plant
isurus spp.
longfin mako
shortfin mako
shortfin makos
mako shark
A pea variety whose seeds are safe to eat in small quantities.
Damion Dooley
matrie
Lathyrus aphaca L.
yellow pea plant
lathyrus aphaca
yellow vetchling plant
The sea lettuces comprise the genus *Ulva*, a group of edible green algae that is widely distributed along the coasts of the world's oceans. The type species within the genus *Ulva* is *Ulva lactuca* Linnaeus, "lactuca" meaning lettuce. Additionally, some species in the algae genus *Monostroma* are known as slender sea lettuces. *Ulva lactuca* [EU Regulation, see http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/65984]
WIKIPEDIA:Sea_lettuce
Ulva Linnaeus, 1753
ulva spp.
sea lettuce
Gasterosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the sticklebacks and relatives.
gasterosteiformes
fish, gasterosteiform
gasterosteidae
stickleback family
scomberesox spp.
saury
genypterus spp.
kingklip
squat lobster
langostino lobster
bay lobster
sand lobster
scyllarides spp.
slipper lobster
formicidae
ant (insect)
The grasshopper is an insect of the suborder *Caelifera* in the order *Orthoptera*. To distinguish it from bush crickets or katydids, it is sometimes referred to as the short-horned grasshopper. Species that change colour and behaviour at high population densities are called locusts.
WIKIPEDIA:Grasshopper
Acheta domesticus
caelifera
grasshopper
Aulopiformes is a diverse order of marine ray-finned fish consisting of some 15 extant and several prehistoric families with about 45 genera and over 230 species. The common names grinners, lizardfishes and allies or aulopiforms are sometimes used for this group. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulopiformes]
aulopiformes
fish, aulopiform
synodontidae
lizardfish family
chondrus
arctica spp.
mercenaria spp.
quahog
Chlorophyta
chlorophyta
green algae
A species of sedge (Cyperaceae) native to Africa, southern and central Europe (north to France and Austria), and southern Asia.
Despite the bitter taste of the tubers, they are edible and have nutritional value. The plant has a high amount of carbohydrates.[Wikipedia]
cyperus rotundus
nutgrass plant
purple nutsedge plant
red nutsedge plant
The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. They do not form a taxonomic group, but rather a functional or agronomic one. Their essential similarities are that they are small-seeded grasses grown in difficult production environments such as those at risk of drought. They have been in cultivation in East Asia for the last 10,000 years.
WIKIPEDIA:Millet
poaceae
millet plant
Morello cherry plant
enokitake
Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer, 1951
A mushroom cultivar of Flammulina velutipes. Wild forms differ in color, texture, and sliminess.
The spaghetti squash (*Cucurbita pepo* var. *fastigata*) (also called vegetable spaghetti, noodle squash, vegetable marrow, spaghetti marrow, and squaghetti) is an oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash. The fruit can range either from ivory to yellow or orange in color. The orange varieties have a higher carotene content. Its center contains many large seeds. Its flesh is bright yellow or orange. When raw, the flesh is solid and similar to other raw squash; when cooked, the flesh falls away from the fruit in ribbons or strands like spaghetti.
WIKIPEDIA:Spaghetti_squash
cucurbita pepo var. fastigata
vegetable spaghetti
spaghetti squash plant
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne subsp. maxima
cucurbita maxima var. banana
cucurbita maxima var. maxima
banana squash plant
*Cucurbita maxima*, one of at least four species of cultivated squash, is one of the most diverse domesticated species. This species originated in South America from the wild Cucurbita andreana over 4000 years ago. Hubbard squash is a cultivar of this species that usually has a tear-drop shape. They are often used as a replacement for pumpkins in cooking.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbita_maxima]
PLANTS:CUMA3
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Cucurbitaceae
cucurbita maxima
cucurbita maxima var. hubbard
hubbard squash plant
*Physalis* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family (*Solanaceae*), which grow in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world. Most of the species, of which there may be 75-90, are indigenous to the New World. Cultivated species and weedy annuals have been introduced worldwide. A notable feature is the formation of a large papery husk derived from the calyx, which partly or fully encloses the fruit. The fruit is small and orange, similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physalis]
PLANTS:PHYSA
Physalis L.
Physalis spp.
groundcherry
husk tomato
physalis spp.
ground cherry plant
A cross between red raspberry and other bramble berry species [The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press 1990, page 571]. Tayberry (*Rubus idaeus x fruticosus*) is a cultivated shrub in the genus *Rubus* of the family *Rosaceae* patented in 1979 as a cross between a loganberry and the black raspberry .
WIKIPEDIA:Tayberry
Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey
rubus idaeus x fructicosus
tayberry plant
lepista spp.
Clitocybe nuda
Lepista nuda
Tricholoma nudum
blue stalk mushroom
Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke, 1871
An edible mushroom, found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands and cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. It is a fairly distinctive mushroom that is widely eaten, though there is some caution about edibility.
Red kuri squash is thin skinned orange colored winter squash, that has the appearance of a small pumpkin without the ridges. It belongs to the Hubbard squash group. Inside the hard outer skin there is a firm flesh that provides a very delicate and mellow chestnut-like flavor.
Red kuri squash is commonly called "Japanese squash", "orange Hokkaido squash", "baby red hubbard squash", or "Uchiki kuri squash". In Japan, the word kuri may refer to either the squash discussed in this article or to Japanese chestnuts. In France, it is called potimarron, and in the United Kingdom, it is commonly called "onion squash".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_kuri_squash]
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne
Hokkaido squash
red Hokkaido squash
sweet meat squash
japanese pumpkin
japanese squash
kabocha squash
kuri squash
nam gwa
red kuri squash plant
The deep-sea spiny eels are a family, *Notacanthidae*, of fishes found worldwide below 125 m (410 ft), and as deep as 3,500 m (11,500 ft). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notacanthidae]
notacanthidae
spiny eel family
bembrops spp.
flathead
nettastomatidae
duckbill eel family
Hoplunnis diomediana
Hoplunnis diomediana Goode and Bean, 1896
hoplunnis diomediana
pike-conger, blacktail
blacktail pike-conger
spotted pike-conger
Ficus aspera G. Forst.
ficus aspera
mosaic fig
clown fig plant
goby
periophthalmus spp.
mudskipper
A true goby is a fish in the family Gobiidae.
goby
gobi fish
gobiidae
true goby
The Gonorynchiformes are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (*Chanos chanos*, family *Chanidae*), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorynchiformes]
gonorynchiformes
fish, gonorynchiform
*Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes]
American Fisheries Society.
\n\n*Albulidae* is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefishes]
albuliformes
fish, albuliform
anguillidae
freshwater eel family
cheilodactylidae
jackassfish
morwong family
Siluridae is the nominate family of catfishes in the order Siluriformes. There are about 105 living species of silurids in 14 genera.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siluridae
siluridae
sheatfish family
chanidae
milkfish family
california pepper
chili verde pepper
pepper, anaheim
anaheim pepper plant
The Chile de árbol (Spanish for tree chili) is a small and potent Mexican chili pepper also known as bird's beak chile and rat's tail chile. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_de_árbol]
Chile de árbol
arbol pepper
arbol pepper plant
pepper, cascabel
sleigh bell pepper
cascabel pepper plant
The Lamniformes are an order of sharks commonly known as mackerel sharks (which may also refer specifically to the family *Lamnidae*). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the great white and extinct megalodon, as well as more unusual representatives, such as the goblin shark and megamouth shark. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamniformes]
lamniformes
mackerel shark
fish, lamniform
A guajillo chili or guajillo chile is a variety of chile pepper of the species *Capsicum annuum* which is widely used in the cuisine of Mexico. Its heat (rating 2,500 to 5,000 on the Scoville scale) is considered mild to medium. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajillo_chili]
pepper, guajillo
guajillo pepper plant
A pimiento, pimento, or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) that measures 3 to 4 in (7 to 10 cm) long and 2 to 3 in (5 to 7 cm) wide (medium, elongate). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimiento]
bird cherry pepper
capsicum annuum, cerasiforme group
creole cherry pepper
hot cherry pepper
hungarian cherry pepper
pepper, hot cherry
cherry pepper plant
pepper, mulato
mulato pepper plant
chili de ristra pepper
pepper, new mexico red
wreath chili pepper
new mexico red pepper plant
pepper, poblano
poblano pepper plant
The pasilla chile or chile negro is the dried form of the chilaca chili pepper, a long and narrow member of species *Capsicum annuum*. In the United States, producers and grocers often incorrectly use "pasilla" to describe the poblano, a different, wider variety of pepper, the dried form of which is called an ancho. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasilla]
chilaca chili pepper
pepper, pasilla
pasilla pepper plant
Pequin (or Piquin) pepper a hot chili pepper cultivar commonly used as a spice. Taxonomically, it is classified within variety *glabriusculum* of the species *Capsicum annuum*.
WIKIPEDIA:Pequin_pepper
PLANTS:CAANG
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill
american bird pepper
bird pepper
chile pequin
chilipequin
chiltepin
pepper, pequin
turkey pepper
pequin pepper plant
The serrano pepper (*Capsicum annuum*) is a type of chili pepper that originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrano_pepper]
pepper, serrano
serrano pepper plant
Bird's eye chili, bird eye chili, bird's chili, chile de árbol, piri piri or Thai chili is a chili pepper, a cultivar from the species *Capsicum annuum*, commonly found in Ethiopia and Southeast Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_chili]
bird eye chili
pepper, thai
thai pepper plant
Hoplopagrus guentherii
Hoplopagrus guentherii Gill, 1862
hoplopagrus guentheri
pargo raisero
pargo, striped
striped pargo
trichodontidae
sandfish family
northern flounder
pleuronectes spp.
plaice
brama spp.
pomfret
Hippocampus Rafinesque, 1810
hippocampus spp.
seahorse
syngnathidae
pipefish family
The family *Crangonidae* is a taxon of shrimp, of the superfamily *Crangonoidea*, including the commercially important species *Crangon crangon*. Its type genus is *Crangon*. Twenty-four genera are included in the family [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crangonidae]
crangonidae
crangonid shrimp family
oreosomatidae
oreo dory family
allocyttus spp.
oreo dory
pepper, cubanelle
cubanelle pepper plant
headfish
molidae
ocean sunfish
trunkfish
mola family
2008 FDA:Seafood List
Mactra sachalinensis
clam, hen
mactra sachalinensis
hen clam
bonnethead sharks
hammerhead sharks
sphyrnidae
hammerhead shark family
bonnethead shark
shark, bonnethead
shark, hammerhead
sphyrna spp.
hammerhead shark
fundulus spp.
killifish
A hybrid cross between broccoli and cauliflower having milder taste than cauliflower and a light green color... broccoflower has the physical attributes of a white cauliflower, but the curd color is lime-green [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccoflower]
green cauliflower
broccoflower plant
*Alpinia galanga* (also *Languas galanga*), a plant in the ginger family, is an herb used in cooking, especially in Indonesian and Thai cuisines. It is one of four plants known as galangal and is differentiated from the others with the common name greater galangal (or simply Thai galangal). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_galanga]
MANSFELD:3422
Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw.
Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.
alpinia galanga
galangal
galangale
java root
kha (spice)
languas
laos (spice)
thai ginger
greater galangal plant
caesionidae
fusilier family
blue fusilier
caesio spp.
fusilier
caesio lunaris
fusilier, lunar
lunar fusilier
Caesio suevica Klunzinger 1884
Caesio suevica Klunzinger, 1884
caesio suevica
fusilier, suez
suez fusilier
Caesio striata Rüppell, 1830
caesio striata
fusilier, striated
striated fusilier
A black berry that is a cross between the loganberry and the youngberry cultivated in California and Oregon [CFSAN thesaurus].
Rubus Hybr.
rubus hybr.
olallieberry plant
A ewe is a female sheep.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewe
ewe
A female goat
nanny goat
doe (goat)
gekkonidae
gecko
*Juglans mandshurica*, the Manchurian walnut, is a deciduous tree of the genus *Juglans* (section Cardiocaryon), native to the Eastern Asiatic Region (China, Russian Far East, North Korea and South Korea). It grows to about 25 m. The kernels of the nuts are edible, but small and difficult to extract.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_mandshurica
PLANTS:JUMA8
Juglans mandshurica Maxim.
chinese butternut
juglans mandshurica
manchurian walnut
walnut, chinese
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chinese walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *CHINESE WALNUT [B2616]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
chinese walnut tree
Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family *Cyprinidae*, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. In colloquial use, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as *Cyprinus carpio* (common carp), *Carassius carassius* (Crucian carp), *Ctenopharyngodon idella* (grass carp), *Hypophthalmichthys molitrix* (silver carp), and *Hypophthalmichthys nobilis* (bighead carp). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp]
cyprinidae
carp
cyprinodontidae
killifish family
PLANTS:CIMA9
Citrus madurensis Lour.
X Citrofortunella microcarpa (Bunge) Wijnands
citrus madurensis
panama orange
x citrofortunella microcarpa
x citrofortunella mitis
calamondin plant
The bell pepper (also known as sweet pepper or pepper in the United Kingdom, Canada and Ireland, and capsicum in Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore and New Zealand) is a cultivar group of the species *Capsicum annuum*. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as "sweet peppers". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_pepper]
MANSFELD:6120
PLANTS:CAAN4
sweet pepper plant
Capsicum annuum L.
Capsicum anuum L.
capsicum frutescens var. grossum
bell pepper plant
Unripe fruit of red or yellow bell pepper varieties.
green pepper plant
green bell pepper plant
Ripe fruit of red bell pepper varieties.
red bell sweet pepper plant
red sweet pepper plant
LanguaL curation note: Do not confuse with *RED PEPPER*.
red bell pepper plant
Ripe fruit of yellow bell pepper varieties.
yellow bell pepper plant
Long and conical in shape, the Italian Sweet Pepper is a popular variety of chile pepper commonly used in Italian cooking. Often referred to as a frying pepper, it is frequently sautéed in olive oil. [https://www.cayennediane.com/big-list-of-hot-peppers/]
Italian sweet red pepper
italian long sweet red pepper
italian sweet pepper
capsicum annuum, conoides group
cone pepper plant
Grouped together because of similar use.
paprika, hot
red pepper (pungent pepper variety)
pungent pepper variety plant
capsicum annuum, fasciculatum group
red cluster pepper
cluster pepper plant
MANSFELD:6121
Capsicum frutescens L.
capsicum frutescens
tabasco pepper plant
amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac
konjac plant
A kelp that is the traditional seasoning in dashi, the fish soup stock that flavors much japanese food. It is also a flavor enhancer that contains natural sodium glutamate.
Laminaria japonica Areschoug 1851
kombu
laminaria japonica
laminaria longissima
naga-kombu
konbu
Enteromorpha Link, 1820
enteromorpha
Thin, black, stick-like branches of kelp having a strong, rich, almost meaty flavor and a crisp texture. This product is eaten in China, Japan and Korea as a fresh vegetable and often is combined with rice.
Sargassum fusiforme Setchell 1931
hijikia fusiformis
sargassum fusiforme
hijiki kelp
seriola spp.
amberjack
parupeneus spp.
upeneus spp.
goatfish
ulua
trevally
pomacanthidae
angelfish family
angelfish
squirrelfish family
holocentrus spp.
menpachi
squirrelfish
seatrout
Cynoscion Gill, 1861
cynoscion
weakfish group
mullidae
goatfish family
Fleawort is a common name for several plants, especially *Plantago* and *Senecio* species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleawort]
plantago afra
plantago ovata
plantago psyllium
psyllium plant
spanish psyllium
fleawort plant
*Eucalyptus* is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs (including a distinct group with a multiple-stem mallee growth habit) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. There are more than 700 species of eucalyptus and most are native to Australia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus]
eucalyptus gamophylla
eucalyptus globulus
eucalyptus spp.
eucalyptus plant
micropterus spp.
black bass
psettodidae
spiny turbot
psettodid family
centrolophidae
warehou family
ruff family
Haliotis iris
haliotis iris
ormer shells
paua
blackfoot abalone
Paphies australis
Paphies australis (Gmelin 1791)
paphies australis
pipi clam
Mesodesma ventricosum (Gray 1843)
amphidesma ventricosum
new zealand surf clam
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from New Zealand surf clam based on scientific name.
toheroa wedge clam
Crayfish, often referred to as crawfish or crawdad, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are closely related. They are found in bodies of fresh water that do not freeze to the bottom, and which have shelter against predators. Most crayfish cannot tolerate polluted water, although some species such as the invasive *Procambarus clarkii* are more hardy. Some crayfish have been found living as much as 3 m (10 feet) underground.
There are three families of crayfish, two in the Northern Hemisphere and one in the Southern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere family *Parastacidae* lives in South America, Madagascar and Australasia, and is distinguished by the lack of the first pair of pleopods. Of the other two families, members of the *Astacidae* live in western Eurasia and western North America and members of the family *Cambaridae* live in eastern Asia and eastern North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfish]
WIKIPEDIA:Crayfish
astacidae
astacoidea
cambaridaa
cambarus spp.
crawfish
crayfish
parastacidae
procambarus spp.
crawfish or crayfish
CEC1993:1339
Ostrea lutaria Hutton 1873
Ostrea lutaria Hutton, 1873
ostrea lutaria
tiostrea lutaria
new zealand dredge oyster
Coregonus reighardi
Coregonus reighardi (Koelz, 1924)
coregonus reighardi
shortnose cisco
lepus spp.
hare
Gallinago Brisson, 1760
gallinago spp.
snipe
lagopus spp.
ptarmigan
Iguana Laurenti, 1768
iguana spp.
iguana
A young goat
kid (goat)
A predomenant genetic variety of an almond plant which produces seeds that lack a bitter taste.
prunus amygdalus var. dulcis
prunus dulcis var. dulcis
sweet almond
sweet almond plant
A genetic variant of an almond plant which produces bitter tasting seeds.
bitter almond
prunus dulcis var. amara
bitter almond plant
A hort. class of mandarin oranges from Japan (Hortus) [CFSAN thesaurus].
PLANTS:CIREU
Citrus reticulata Blanco ssp. unshiu (Marcow.) D.Rivera Núñez et al.
Citrus unshiu Marcow.
citrus reticulata cv. owan
citrus unshiu
satsuma mandarin
unshu orange
satsuma orange plant
The mirabelle plum, also known as the mirabelle prune (*Prunus domestica* subsp. *syriaca*), is the edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle plum tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the genus *Prunus*.
The mirabelle is identified by its small, oval shape, smooth-textured flesh, and especially by its red, or dark yellow colour which becomes flecked in appearance. They are known for being sweet and full of flavour. The fruit is primarily used in fruit preserves and dessert pies, and its juice is commonly fermented for wine or distilled into plum brandy. Ninety percent of mirabelle plums grown commercially are made into either jam (70%) or eau de vie (20%). The plums are also excellent when eaten fresh. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabelle_plum]
MANSFELD:9350
Prunus domestica L. subsp. syriaca (Borkh.) Janch.
prunus domestica var. syriaca
prunus insititia var. syriaca
syrian plum
mirabelle plum plant
MANSFELD:1265
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. tuberosum (Bernh.) Mart. Crov.
Petroselinum crispum (P. Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill
Petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum (Alef.) Danert
petroselinum crispum convar. radicosum
petroselinum crispum var. tuberosum
turnip-rooted parsley plant
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm., 1871
armillaria mellea
honey fungus
naratake
honey mushroom
Leccinum aurantiacum (Bull.) Gray 1821
boletus rufus
A species of fungus in the genus Leccinum found in forests of Europe, North America, and Asia and has a large, characteristically red-capped fruiting body
Leccinum scabrum var. scabrum (Bull.) Gray 1821
birch boletus
An edible mushroom in the family Boletaceae, and was formerly classified as Boletus scaber. The birch bolete is widespread in Europe, in the Himalayas in Asia, and elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere
red pine mushroom
Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray, 1821
orange agaric
A popular member of the large milk-cap genus Lactarius in the order Russulales. It is found in Europe and has been accidentally introduced to other countries under conifers and can be found growing in pine plantations.
The white currant is a cultivar of *Ribes rubrum*. Although it is a sweeter and albino variant of the redcurrant, not a separate botanical species, it is sometimes marketed with names such as *Ribes sativum* or *Ribes silvestre*, or sold as a different fruit.
white currant plant
petromyzontiformes
fish, petromyzontiform
Sand sharks are mackerel sharks of the family Odontaspididae. They are found worldwide in temperate and tropical waters. The family contains three extant species, in two genera
*Carcharias* Rafinesque, 1810; *Odontaspis* Agassiz 1838.
grey nurse shark
ragged tooth shark
odontaspididae
sand tiger family
armillaria
bracelet fungus
honey fungus
aframomum alboviolaceum
aframomum angustifolium
aframomum giganteum
aframomum latifolium
aframomum melegueta
aframomum stipulatum
aframomum plant
PLANTS:CHAL19
Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don
chrysophyllum albidum
white apple
white star apple plant
MANSFELD:18485
PLANTS:DIKA2
date plum
diospyros chinensis
diospyros kaki
japanese persimmon
kaki persimmon
keg fig
sharon fruit
Diospyros kaki L. f.
Diospyros kaki Thunb.
common kaki plant
A species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae – is native to the highlands of southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and Colombia.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:12137
PLANTS:FESE2
acca sellowiana
brazilian guava
feijoa
feijoa sellowiana
orthostemon sellowiana
Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg
pineapple guava plant
dacryodes spp.
dacryodes plant
detarium spp.
detarium plant
Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.
detarium microcarpum
sweet dattock plant
Detarium senegalense J. F. Gmel.
dattock tree
deta
detar
detarium senegalense
senegal dattock
tallow tree (detarium) plant
MANSFELD:7546
PLANTS:FOMA2
Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle
fortunella margarita
nagami kumquat
oval kumquat plant
eugenia capensis plant
Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr.
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N. Robson
brindall berry
brindleberry
gambooge
garcinia cambogia
garcinia gummi-gutta
goraka
kodumpuli
malabar tamarind
sweet garcinia plant
*Hylocereus undatus* (white-fleshed pitahaya) is a species of *Cactaceae* and is the most cultivated species in the genus. It is used both as an ornamental vine and as a fruit crop - the pitahaya or dragon fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylocereus_undatus]
PLANTS:HYUN3
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose
dragon fruit
hylocereus triangularis
hylocereus undatus
pitahaya
red pitaya
pitaya plant
Lantana strigocamara R. W. Sanders
lantana
lantana camara
lantana strigocamara
the' de gambie
yellow sage plant
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) Bruce
nauclea latifolia
sarcocephalus
sarcocephalus esculentus
sarcocephalus latifolius
african peach plant
african apricot
chrysophyllum autranianum
gambeya lacourtiana
longhi
gambeya plant
*Ancylobotrys capensis* (Oliv.) Pichon, or Wild Apricot, is a tangled, sprawling, multi-stemmed South African creeper of the *Apocynaceae* family.
WIKIPEDIA:Ancylobotrys_capensis
Ancylobotrys capensis (Oliv.) Pichon
ancylobotrys capensis
wild apricot plant
PLANTS:SASE15
Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon
landolphia senegalensis
saba
saba senegalensis
senegal saba
gumvine plant
Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.
kurna
rhamnus spina-christi
syrian christ-thorn
ziziphus spina-christi
christ's thorn plant
Carica x heilbornii V.M.Badillo nothovar. pentagona (Heilborn) V.M.Badillo
Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M. Badillo
carica pentagona
carica x heilbornii
babaco plant
canthium spp.
canthium plant
Fadogia homblei De Wild.
fadogia homblei
fadogia triphylla
wild date
fadogia plant
*Fadogiella* is a genus of flowering plants in the *Rubiaceae* family. It was descripted by Walter Robyns in 1928. This genus is morphologically similar to *Fadogia* and is related to the latter genus. It is found in central and east tropical Africa.
WIKIPEDIA:Fadogiella
fadogiella spp.
fadogiella plant
feretia spp.
feretia plant
Garcinia buchananii Baker
garcinia buchananii
garcinia huillensis
granite garcinia
granite mangosteen
mutunduru
garcinia plant
The large flowering plant genus *Grewia* is today placed by most authors in the mallow family *Malvaceae*, in the expanded sense as proposed by in the APG. Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The astringent and refreshing *Grewia* drupes are particularly popular in summertime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grewia]
grewia spp.
grewia plant
*Guarea* is a genus of evergreen trees in the mahogany family *Meliaceae*, native to tropical Africa and Central and South America. They are large trees 20-45 m tall, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet present. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with 4-5 yellowish petals. The fruit is a four or five-valved capsule, containing several seeds, each surrounded by a yellow-orange fleshy aril; the seeds are dispersed by hornbills and monkeys which eat the fleshy aril.
WIKIPEDIA:Guarea
PLANTS:GUARE
Guarea Allam. ex L.
Guarea sp.
guarea spp.
guarea plant
Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill.
african wild mango
bush mango
irvingia gabonensis
african mango plant
PLANTS:LAHE6
Landolphia heudelotii A. DC.
guinea gumvine
landolphia heudelotti
landolphia rubber plant
carpodinus hirsuta
landolphia poilu
landolphia hirsuta
hairy landolphia plant
PLANTS:LAOW
Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv.
landolphia owariensis
white ball rubber
white rubber vine plant
*Mimusops* is a genus of plants in family *Sapotaceae* described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. Mimusops is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimusops]
Mimusops zeyheri Sond.
mimusops
mimusops zeyheri
transvaal red milkwood
mimusops plant
olax obtusifolia
olax plant
pachylobus balsamiflora
pachylobus trimera
santiria
santiria trimera
tooth-brush tree
sorindeia juglandifolia
sorindeia katangensis
sorindeia plant
Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell
zanha africana
zanha africana plant
zanha golungensis
zanha golungensis plant
PLANTS:DIME8
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC.
diospyros bicolor
diospyros mespiliformis
diospyros senegalensis
jackal berry
monkey guava
nigerian ebony
swamp ebony
african ebony plant
Rubus pinnatus Willd.
rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus
rubus plant
Trichoscypha Hook. f.
trichoscypha spp.
trichoscypha plant
uapaca paludosa
uapaca plant
Sclerocarya sp.
cat thorn
cider tree
maroola nut
marula
morula
poupartia birrea
pourpartia caffra
sclerocarya birrea
sclerocarya caffra
spondias birrea
sclerocarya plant
Ficus platyphylla Delile
ficus bibracteata
ficus umbrosa
ficus platyphylla plant
Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.
cork tree (parinari)
hissing tree
marbola plum
parinari curatellifolia
parinari mobola
sand apple
mobola plum plant
Parinari excelsa Sabine
guinea-plum
parinari excelsa
parinari holstii
parinarium
gray plum plant
Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance
neocarya macrophylla
parinari macrophylla
gingerbread plum plant
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.
eugenia guineensis
syzygium guineense
water pear
water berry plant
Ximenia caffra Sond.
ximenia caffra
sourplum plant
Anonidium mannii (Junglesop) is a tropical African tree. It has both large leaves (can be over a foot long) and edible fruits of similar length. Although rare the fruits are in demand where available.
WIKIPEDIA:Anonidium_mannii
annona manii
anonidium mannii
anonidium plant
*Antidesma* is a tropical plant genus of about 170 species from the family *Phyllanthaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Antidesma
phyllanthaceae
antidesma plant
*Antrocaryon micraster* (also called Antrocaryon) is a species of plant in the *Anacardiaceae* family.
WIKIPEDIA:Antrocaryon
antrocaryon klaineanum
antrocaryon plant
Lepisanthes senegalensis (Juss. ex Poir.) Leenh.
aphania senegalensis
lepisanthes senegalensis
sapindus senegalensis
soapberry plant
PLANTS:BAAE
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile
Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile
agialida barteri
agialida senegalensis
agialida tombuctensis
balanites aegyptiaca
balanites ziziphoides
betu
bitu
egyptian myrobolan
jericho balsam
soapberry (balanites aegyptiaca)
torchwood
ximenia aegyptiaca
desert date plant
boscia spp.
boscia plant
bridelia spp.
bridelia plant
PLANTS:COAF2
Cordyla africana Lour.
cordyla africana
cordyla plant
chrysophyllum spp.
chrysophyllum plant
Krill are small crustaceans of the order *Euphausiacea*, and are found in all the world's oceans.
euphausiidae
krill
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v.III, p.2940.
eubacteriales
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v.I, p.536.
beggiatoales
Index bergeyana, 1966, p.450.
chlamydobacteriales
Index Bergeyana, 1966, p.612.
hyphomicrobiales
dentex spp.
dentex
lethrinus spp.
emperor
Cyttus novaezealandiae
Cyttus novaezealandiae (Arthur, 1885)
cyttus novaezealandiae
silver dory
lethrinidae
emperor family
pterois spp.
butterfly cod
Ostrea denselamellosa Lischke 1869
ostrea denselamellosa
ostrea laperousei
japanese flat oyster
Ensis macha (Molina 1782)
ensis macha
giant jackknife
razor shell clam
Atrina pectinata
Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus 1767)
atrina pectinata
comb penshell
chimaeridae
shortnose chimaera family
Beryx Cuvier, 1829
beryx spp.
alfonsinos
berycidae
alfonsino family
apogonidae
cardinalfish family
veneridae
venus clam family
Scorpaena papillosa
Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
helicolenus papillosus
rockfish
macrourus spp.
grenadier
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Richardson, 1846
lepidorhynchus denticulatus
deepsea whiptail
macrouridae
grenadier family
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientiric name verifiable, common name unverified.
alepocephalus spp.
large scaled brown slickhead
alepocephalidae
slickhead family
Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps, 1932
hyporhamphus ihi
new zealand garfish
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.464. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
hemiramphidae
halfbeak family
Trachyrincus longirostris (Günther, 1878)
trachyrhynchus longirostris
unicorn rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
xenodermichthys spp.
black slickhead
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name inverified.
Neophrynichthys angustus Nelson 1977
neophrynichthys angustus
pale toadfish
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.470. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
psychrolutidae
fathead family
ocimum frutescens
perilla frutescens
perilla ocimoides
perilla plant
eugenia spp.
stopper
eugenia plant
ficus, wild
ficus spp. plant
pseudospondias longifolia
pseudospondias plant
littorinidae
periwinkle family
nere
parkia filicoidea
african locust bean plant
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v. II, p.1785.
caryophanales
dialium spp.
dialium plant
salacia spp.
salacia plant
strychnos spp.
strychnos plant
Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema
swartzia fistuloides
swartzia plant
vangueriopsis lanciflora
vangueriopsis plant
Vitex sp.
chastetree
vitex spp.
vitex plant
epigonus spp.
cardinalfish
The beetroot, also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet or informally simply as beet, is one of the many cultivated varieties of beets (*Beta vulgaris*) and arguably the most commonly encountered variety in North America, Central America and Britain.
WIKIPEDIA:Red_beet
MANSFELD:330
Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris
Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
beetroot
beta vulgaris var. conditiva
beta vulgaris var. vulgaris
red beet plant
Curly endive, or frisée (var *crispum*). This type has narrow, green, curly outer leaves. It is sometimes called chicory in the United States and is called chicorée frisée in French.
MANSFELD:31983
curled endive plant
Escarole, or broad-leaved endive (var *latifolia*), has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties. Varieties or names include broad-leaved endive, Bavarian endive, Batavian endive, grumolo, scarola, and scarole. It is eaten like other greens, sauteed, chopped into soups and stews, or as part of a green salad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endive
MANSFELD:31979
broadleaved endive plant
coffee chicory plant
MANSFELD:15067
Cinnamomum burmanii Bl.
padang cassia plant
MANSFELD:3231
Curcuma zedoaria (Bergius) Rosc.
curcuma zedoaria
zedoary plant
MANSFELD:8594
PLANTS:FRVE
Fragaria vesca L.
european wild strawberry
fragaria vesca
wild strawberry
woodland strawberry
european strawberry plant
MANSFELD:16171
Hyssopus officinalis L.
hyssop plant
*Aloysia citrodora* is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family *Verbenaceae*, native to Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru. Common names include lemon verbena and lemon beebrush. It was brought to Europe by the Spanish and the Portuguese in the 17th century.
Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemon flavor to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, greek yogurt and beverages. It also is used to make herbal teas, or added to standard tea in place of actual lemon (as is common with Moroccan tea). It can also be used to make a sorbet. In addition, it has anti-Candida albicans activity. In the European Union, Verbena essential oils (Lippia citriodora Kunth.) and derivatives other than absolute are prohibited when used as a fragrance ingredient (Commission Directive 2009/164/EU of 22 December 2009).
WIKIPEDIA:Lemon_verbena
MANSFELD:4474
lemon verbena
Aloysia citrodora Palau
aloysia citrodora
lemon beebush
lippia triphylla
lemon verbena plant
MANSFELD:9956
Piper longum L.
piper longum
indian long pepper plant
MANSFELD:9193
Prunus avium (L.) L. subsp. duracina (L.) D.Rivera & al.
hard-fleshed cherry plant
MANSFELD:24313
Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Mill.) Kerner
raphanus sativus niger
black radish plant
MANSFELD:24314
Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus
raphanus sativus
little radish plant
MANSFELD:16641
Stachys affinis Bunge
japanese artichoke
stachys affinis
stachys sieboldii
chinese artichoke plant
MANSFELD:4811
PLANTS:TRMA7
Tropaeolum majus L.
garden nasturtium
nasturtium
tropaeolum majus
indian cress plant
*Vaccinium oxycoccos* is a species of flowering plant in the heath family. It is known by the common names small cranberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry, or, particularly in Britain, just cranberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_oxycoccos]
MANSFELD:18288
PLANTS:VAOX
Vaccinium oxycoccos L.
european cranberry
mossberry
northern cranberry
small cranberry
vaccinium microcarpum
vaccinium oxycoccos
vaccinium oxycoccus
common cranberry plant
The word galangal, or its variant galanga, can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the *Zingiberaceae* (ginger) family, namely: *Alpinia galanga*, greater galangal; *Alpinia officinarum*, lesser galangal, *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger, and *Boesenbergia rotunda*, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot; *Kaempferia galanga*, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galangal]
Zingiberaceae
alpinia spp.
galanga
galangal plant
This section and its narrover terms refer to the European Commission food additive regulation according to COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1129/2011 of 11 November 2011 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing a Union list of food additives [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:295:0001:0177:EN:PDF] and its basis, the four Food Additive Directives: the EEC Framework Directive on Food Additives (89/107/EEC), the Directive on colours (94/36/EC), the Directive on sweeteners (94/35/EC) and the 'miscellaneous' Directive (95/2/EC) plus amendments [http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sfp/flav_index_en.html]
and/or Codex Alimentarius Commission General Standard for Food Additives (CODEX STAN 192, revised 2011) [http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/standards/4/CXS_192e.pdf].
If used for food supplement substances, thissection and its narrover terms refer to the European Commission regulation in general [http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/labellingnutrition/supplements/index_en.htm] and specifically to the EC Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Members States relating to food supplements (2002/46/EC) [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
Damion Dooley's note: manysubclasses here are currently originating from LanguaL additives that have not yet been matched to CHEBI ontology terms. If matches are possible they will be implemented over time, at which point the corresponding FoodOn id's will be deprecated.
food additive
A chemical food component in liquid form.
Liquid as food source
liquid chemical food component
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::472a
Europe::472a
acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1422
Europe::1422
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
acetylated distarch adipate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1414
Europe::1414
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
acetylated distarch phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1420
Europe::1420
starch acetate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
acetylated starch
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::129
Europe::129
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
allura red ac
Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent, stabilizer.
Codex::523
Europe::523
aluminium ammonium sulfate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
aluminium ammonium sulphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::559
Europe::559
aluminium silicate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
aluminium silicate (kaolin)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent.
Codex::521
Europe::521
aluminium sodium sulfate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
aluminium sodium sulphate
Food additive.
Europe::440
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
amidated pectin
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::150c
Europe::150c
caramel iii - ammonia caramel
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonia caramel
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::403
Europe::403
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonium alginate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, raising agent.
Codex::503(i)
Europe::503
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonium carbonate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, raising agent.
Codex::503(ii)
Europe::503
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::442
Europe::442
ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonium phosphatides
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::304
Europe::304(i)
ascorbyl palmitate
l-ascorbyl 6-palmitate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
l-ascorbyl palmitate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::305
Europe::304
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ascorbyl stearate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::122
Europe::122
azorubine (carmoisine)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
azorubine, carmoisine
Food additive; technological purpose(s): clouding agent, glazing agent.
Codex::901
Europe::901
beeswax
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
beeswax, white and yellow
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::162
Europe::162
beet red
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
beetroot red, betanin
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::160e
Europe::160e
carotenal, beta-apo-8-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
beta-apo-8'-carotenal (c 30)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::151
Europe::151
brilliant black (black pn)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
brilliant black bn, black pn
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::154
Europe::154
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
brown fk
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::155
Europe::155
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
brown ht
Food additive.
Codex::170
Europe::170
calcium carbonates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium hydrogen carbonate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::634
Europe::634
calcium 5-ribonucleotides
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium 5'-ribonucleotides
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent, bulking agent, carrier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, thickener, stabilizer, sequestrant.
Codex::404
Europe::404
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium alginate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::556
Europe::556
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium aluminium silicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::302
Europe::302
calcium l-ascorbate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium ascorbate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::213
Europe::213
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium benzoate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::952(ii)
Europe::952
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium cyclamate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::623
Europe::623
calcium di-l-glutamate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium diglutamate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::450(vii)
Europe::341(i)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium dihydrogen diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::538
Europe::538
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium ferrocyanide
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::629
Europe::629
calcium 5-guanylate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium guanylate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::352(i)
Europe::352
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium hydrogen malate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
Codex::227
Europe::227
calcium hydrogen sulfite
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium hydrogen sulphite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::633
Europe::633
calcium 5-inosinate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium inosinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, flour treatment agent.
Codex::327
Europe::327
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium lactate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::352(ii)
Europe::352
calcium malate, d,l-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium malate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::452(iv)
Europe::452
calcium polyphosphate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium polyphosphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::954(ii)
Europe::954
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium saccharin
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::552
Europe::552
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium silicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::203
Europe::203
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium sorbate
Food additive.
Codex::482
Europe::482
calcium lactylates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
Codex::226
Europe::226
calcium sulfite
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium sulphite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::354
Europe::354
calcium tartrate, dl-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium tartrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): clouding agent, glazing agent.
Codex::902
Europe::902
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
candelilla wax
Food additive.
Europe::466
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
carboxy methyl cellulose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulato, , bulking agent, carrier, glazing agent.
Codex::903
Europe::903
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
carnauba wax
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::150b
Europe::150b
caramel ii - sulfite caramel
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
caustic sulphite caramel
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::140
Europe::140
chlorophylls
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
chlorophyllins
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant synergist, dough conditioner, emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::472c
Europe::472c
citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::120
Europe::120
carmines
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
cochineal, carminic acid, carmines
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::141(ii)
Europe::141
chlorophyllins, copper complexes, potassium and sodium salts
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
copper complexes of chlorophyllins
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::141(i)
Europe::141
chlorophylls, copper complexes
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
copper complexes of chlorophylls
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::952(i)
Europe::952
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
cyclamic acid
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::333(ii)
Europe::333
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dicalcium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffering agent, emulsifier, firming agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::450(vi)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dicalcium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, dough conditioner, firming agent, flour treatment agent, humectants, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::341(ii)
Europe::341
calcium hydrogen phosphate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dicalcium phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::242
Europe::242
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dimethyl dicarbonate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::450(iv)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dipotassium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::628
Europe::628
dipotassium 5-guanylate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dipotassium guanylate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::632
Europe::632
potassium 5-inosinate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dipotassium inosinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::340(ii)
Europe::340
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dipotassium phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::635
Europe::635
disodium 5-ribonucleotides
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
disodium 5'-ribonucleotides
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::331(ii)
Europe::331
disodium monohydrogen citrate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
disodium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffering agent, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::450(i)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
disodium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::627
Europe::627
disodium 5-guanylate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
disodium guanylate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::631
Europe::631
disodium 5-inosinate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
disodium inosinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1412
Europe::1412
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
distarch phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::312
Europe::312
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
dodecyl gallate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::160f
Europe::160f
carotenoic acid, ethyl ester, beta-apo-8'-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (c 30)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, foaming agent, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::465
Europe::465
methyl ethyl cellulose
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ethyl methyl cellulose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::214
Europe::214
ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, raising agent, sequestrant.
Codex::575
Europe::575
glucono delta-lactone
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
glucono-delta-lactone
Food additive.
Codex::445
Europe::445
glycerol esters of rosin
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
glycerol esters of wood rosins
Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier solvent, emulsifier, humectant, plasticizer.
Codex::1518
Europe::1518
triacetin
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
glyceryl triacetate (triacetin)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::142
Europe::142
green s
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
greens s
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::626
Europe::626
guanylic acid, 5-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
guanylic acid
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::412
Europe::412
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
guar gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1442
Europe::1442
hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1440
Europe::1440
hydroxypropyl starch
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
hydroxy propyl starch
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, coating agent, emulsifier, film-forming agent, foaming agent, glazing agent, stabilizer, suspension agent, thickener.
Codex::463
Europe::463
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
hydroxypropyl cellulose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::132
Europe::132
indigotine (indigo carmine)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
indigotine, indigo carmine
Food additive.
Codex::172
Europe::172
iron oxides
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
iron oxides and hydroxides
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, bulking agent, Glazing agent, sweetener.
Codex::953
Europe::953
isomalt (hydrogenated isomaltulose)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
isomalt
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::416
Europe::416
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
karaya gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::472b
Europe::472b
lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::180
Europe::180
lithol rupine bk
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
litholrubine bk
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::410
Europe::410
carob bean gum
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
locust bean gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::1105
Europe::1105
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
lysozyme
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::625
Europe::625
magnesium di-l-glutamate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium diglutamate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, carrier, colour retention agent, drying agent.
Codex::504(ii)
Europe::504
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium hydroxide carbonate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, binder, emulsifier.
Codex::470(iii)
Europe::470b
magnesium stearate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium salts of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, dusting agent.
Codex::553(i)
Europe::553a
magnesium silicate, synthetic
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium silicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, dusting agent.
Codex::553(ii)
Europe::553a
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium trisilicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, emulsifier, humectant, stabilizer, sweetener.
Codex::965(ii)
Europe::965
maltiol syrup
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
maltitol syrup
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::353
Europe::353
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
metatartaric acid
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, dispersing agent, emulsifier, foaming agent, glazing agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent, thickener.
Codex::460(i)
Europe::460
microcrystalline cellulose (cellulose gel)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
microcrystalline cellulose
Food additive.
Europe::472f
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive.
Codex::160a
Europe::160a
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
mixed carotenes
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::472e
Europe::472e
diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent, emulsifier, stabilizer.
Codex::471
Europe::471
mono- and di- glycerides of fatty acids
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::624
Europe::624
monoammonium l-glutamate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monoammonium glutamate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::333(i)
Europe::333
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monocalcium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::332(i)
Europe::332
potassium dihydrogen citrate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monopotassium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer.
Codex::622
Europe::622
monopotassium l-glutamate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monopotassium glutamate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::336(i)
Europe::336
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monopotassium tartrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::331(i)
Europe::331
sodium dihydrogen citrate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monosodium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::335 (i)
Europe::335
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monosodium tartrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1410
Europe::1410
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
monostarch phosphate
Food additive.
Europe::912
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
montan acid esters
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::959
Europe::959
neohesperidine dihydrochalcone
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
neohesperidine dc
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::231
Europe::231
ortho-phenylphenol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
o-phenyl phenol
Food additive.
Europe::914
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
oxidized polyethylene wax
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1404
Europe::1404
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
oxidized starch
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::451(ii)
Europe::451
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
pentapotassium triphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::451(i)
Europe::451
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
pentasodium triphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1413
Europe::1413
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
phosphated distarch phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::150a
Europe::150a
caramel i - plain caramel
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
plain caramel
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, glazing agent, humectant, stabilizer, texturizing agent, thickener.
Codex::1200
Europe::1200
polydextroses
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polydextrose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::475
Europe::475
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::476
Europe::476
polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyglycerol polyricinoleate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier.
Codex::436
Europe::436
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::431
Europe::431
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colloidal stabilizer, colour stabilizer, stabilizer.
Codex::1202
Europe::1202
polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::124
Europe::124
ponceau 4r (cochineal red a)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ponceau 4r, cochineal red a
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::357
Europe::357
potassium adipates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium adipate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::402
Europe::402
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium alginate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::555
Europe::555
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium aluminium silicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::212
Europe::212
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium benzoate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::515(ii)
Europe::515
potassium hydrogen sulfate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium hydrogen sulphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
Codex::228
Europe::228
potassium bisulfite
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium hydrogen sulphite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist.
Codex::326
Europe::326
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium lactate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::351(ii)
Europe::351
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium malate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
Codex::224
Europe::224
potassium metabisulfite
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium metabisulphite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative.
Codex::249
Europe::249
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium nitrite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::452(ii)
Europe::452
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium polyphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::283
Europe::283
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium propionate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::954(iii)
Europe::954
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium saccharin
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, bulking agent, coating agent, dispersing agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, humectant, texturizing agent, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::460(ii)
Europe::460
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
powdered cellulose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::405
Europe::405
propylene glycol alginate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
propane-1,2-diol alginate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::477
Europe::477
propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids
Food additive.
Codex::999
Europe::999
quillaia extracts
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
quillaia extract
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::128
Europe::128
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
red 2g
Food additive; technological purpose(s): coating agent, glazing agent, surface-finishing agent.
Codex::904
Europe::904
shellac, bleached
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
shellac
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::356
Europe::356
sodium adipates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium adipate
Food additive.
Codex::541
Europe::541
sodium aluminium phosphates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium aluminium phosphate acidic
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent.
Codex::554
Europe::554
sodium aluminosilicate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium aluminium silicate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::452(iii)
Europe::452
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium calcium polyphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, emulsifier, firming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, stabilizer, suspension agent, thickener.
Codex::466
Europe::466
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (cellulose gum)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Food additive.
Europe::316
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium erythorbate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::215
Europe::215
sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Food additive.
Europe::640
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium glycinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative, sequestrant.
Codex::262(ii)
Europe::262
sodium diacetate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate)
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, humectant.
Codex::350(i)
Europe::350
sodium hydrogen dl-malate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium hydrogen malate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator.
Codex::514(ii)
Europe::514
sodium hydrogen sulfate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium hydrogen sulphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative.
Codex::222
Europe::222
sodium hydrogen sulfite
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium hydrogen sulphite
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, humectant.
Codex::350(ii)
Europe::350
sodium dl-malate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium malate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::219
Europe::219
sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::232
Europe::232
sodium ortho-phenylphenol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium o-phenyl phenol
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::452(i)
Europe::452
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium polyphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative.
Codex::217
Europe::217
sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent.
Codex::500(iii)
Europe::500
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium sesquicarbonate
Food additive.
Codex::481
Europe::481
sodium lactylates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, emulsifier, stabilizer.
Codex::470(ii)
Europe::470a
salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::492
Europe::492
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sorbitan tristearate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener.
Codex::420(ii)
Europe::420
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sorbitol syrup
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1450
Europe::1450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
starch sodium octenyl succinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent.
Codex::483
Europe::483
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
stearyl tartrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::474
Europe::474
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sucroglycerides
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, stabilizer.
Codex::444
Europe::444
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sucrose acetate isobutyrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, stabilizer.
Codex::473
Europe::473
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sucrose esters of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::150d
Europe::150d
caramel iv - sulfite ammonia caramel
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sulphite ammonia caramel
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::110
Europe::110
sunset yellow fcf
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sunset yellow fcf/orange yellow s
Food additive; technological purpose(s): gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::417
Europe::417
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tara gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, acids, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::472d
Europe::472d
tartaric acid esters of mono- and di-glycerides of fatty
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::450(v)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tetrapotassium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffering agent, emulsifier, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::450(iii)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tetrasodium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener.
Codex::957
Europe::957
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
thaumatin
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier.
Codex::479
Europe::479b
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty
Food additive.
Europe::306
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tocopherol-rich extract
A food additive which acts as an emulsifier, stabilizer or thickener.
Codex::413
Europe::413
tragacanth gum
A natural gum obtained from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes of the genus Astragalus, including A. adscendens, A. gummifer, A. brachycalyx, and A. tragacantha.
tragacanth
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::333(iii)
Europe::333
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tricalcium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier solvent, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, plasticizer, sequestrant.
Codex::1505
Europe::1505
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
triethyl citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer.
Codex::332(ii)
Europe::332
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tripotassium citrate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, humectants, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::340(iii)
Europe::340
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tripotassium phosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, raising agent, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent.
Codex::450(ii)
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
trisodium diphosphate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::153
Europe::153
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
vegetable carbon
A food additive which can act as an emulsifier, foaming agent, stabilizer or thickener.
Codex::415
Europe::415
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
xanthan gum
MANSFELD:1564
Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.
finocchio
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. azoricum
florence fennel plant
Fragaria viridis Duchesne
Fragaria viridis Weston
fragaria viridis
green strawberry plant
Fragaria moschata Duchesne
Fragaria moschata Weston
fragaria eliator
fragaria moschata
hautbois strawberry plant
Fragaria vesca f. semperflorens (Duchesne) Staudt
fragaria semperflorens
fragaria vesca subsp. vesca f. semperflorens
alpine strawberry plant
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. distichon (L.) Alef.
Hordeum vulgare convar. hexastichon Alef.
hordeum hexastichum
hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare convar. vulgare
six row barley plant
curled lettuce
curled lettuce plant
MANSFELD:8846
PLANTS:MASY2
Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.
Malus sylvestris Mill.
Malus sylvestris P. Mill.
crab apple
crabapple
malus sylvestris
european crabapple plant
medicago sativa nothosubsp. varia
medicago ×varia
sand lucerne
variegated lucerne
bastard medic plant
PLANTS:NEMU5
Nephelium mutabile Blume
Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.
nephelium mutabile
nephelium ramboutan-ake
pulasan plant
pointed headed cabbage plant
2020-11-17T23:51:38Z
brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica
sugar loaf cabbage plant
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
plant by general taxa
feed plant
fodder
fodder plant
forage
plant used as fodder
medicinal plant
plant used for medicine
Diadromous fish travel between salt and fresh water. Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter. Salmon are capable of going hundreds of kilometers upriver, and humans must install fish ladders in dams to enable the salmon to get past. Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams. Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding.
WIKIPEDIA:Diadromous_fish
diadromous fish
Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water only.
WIKIPEDIA:Potamodromous
potamodromous fish
freshwater fish
Oceanodromous fish migrate within salt water only
WIKIPEDIA:Oceanodromous
oceanodromous fish
marine fish
Dolphins are aquatic mammals related to whales and porpoises
Any member of the families *Delphinidae* and *Platanistoidea* (oceanic and river dolphins). Porpoises (suborder *Odontoceti*, family *Phocoenidae*) are thus not dolphins in this sense. Orcas and some related species belong to the *Delphinidae* family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language. There are almost 40 species of dolphin in 17 genera.
WIKIPEDIA:Dolphin)
Dolphins vary in size from 1.2 m (4 ft) and 40 kg (88 lb) (Maui's Dolphin), up to 9.5 m (30 ft) and 10 tonnes (the Orca). However, the average length for most North American Species is 13.89 feet in length. Most species weigh about 50 to 200 kg (110 to 440 lb). They are found worldwide, mostly in the shallower seas of the continental shelves, and are carnivores, mostly eating fish and squid. Bottlenose Dolphin is the most common and familiar species of dolphin.
dolphin
bottlenose dolphin
humpback dolphin
spinner dolphin
dolphin family
The porpoises are small cetaceans of the family *Phocoenidae*; they are related to whales and dolphins. They are however distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" is often used to refer to any small dolphin, especially in North America. A key difference is the shape of the teeth and of the head. Porpoises, divided into six species, live in all oceans, mostly near the shore. Probably best known is the Harbour Porpoise, which can be found across the Northern Hemisphere. (
WIKIPEDIA:Porpoise)
phocoenidae
porpoise
porpoise family
There are two species of Roe Deer. The European Roe Deer (*Capreolus capreolus*), a deer species of Europe and Asia Minor, and the Siberian Roe Deer (*Capreolus pygargus*), found from the Ural Mountains to as far east as China and Siberia. The two species met at the Caucasus Mountains, with the European species occupying the southern flank of the mountain ranges and adjacent Asia Minor and the Siberian species occupying the northern flank of the mountain ranges. Within Europe, the European Roe Deer occurs in most areas, with the exception of northern Scandinavia and some of the islands, notably Iceland, Ireland, and the Mediterranean Sea islands; in the Mediterranean region it is largely confined to mountainous regions, and is absent or rare at low levels. The Roe Deer is a relatively small deer, with a body length of 95-135 cm, a shoulder height of 65-75 cm, and a weight of 15-30 kg. It has rather short, erect antlers and a reddish body with a grey face. Its hide is golden red in summer, darkening to brown or even black in winter, with lighter undersides and a white rump patch; the tail is very short (2-3 cm), and barely visible. Only the males have antlers, which are lost during winter, but which re-grow in time for the mating season.
WIKIPEDIA:Roe_deer
capreolus spp.
roe deer
Zebus (*Bos taurus indicus*), sometimes known as 'nothing cattle', are better-adapted to tropical environments than other domestic cattle. Their scientific name was originally *Bos indicus*, but this name is now deemed invalid by ITIS, who classify the zebu under *Bos taurus* along with all other domestic cattle, and their aurochs ancestors, domesticated in India about 10,000 years ago. The ancient species of *Bos nomadicus* cattle or even gaur may have contributed to the development of the zebus. There are some 75 known breeds, split about evenly between African breeds and South Asian ones. The major Zebu cattle breeds of the world include Gyr, Guzerat, Indu-Brazilian, Nellore, Ongole and Brahman. Zebu have humps, large dewlaps and ears. They have more sweat glands than European cattle (*Bos taurus*). They handle hot, humid climates well and have pest resistances not seen in European cattle. (
WIKIPEDIA:Zebu)
MSW3:14200689
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1758
bos indicus
bos taurus indicus
zebu
CCPR:
PLANTS:BRASS2
Brassica
Brassica L.
Brassica sp.
Brassica spp.
brassica spp.
brassica species
Komatsuna (*Brassica rapa* var. *perviridis* or komatsuna) is a type of leaf vegetable. It is a variant of the same species as the common turnip. It is grown commercially in Japan, Taiwan and Korea; the name is from Japanese komatsuna. It is also known as Japanese Mustard Spinach and is usually stir-fried, pickled, boiled and added to soups or used fresh in salads.
WIKIPEDIA:Komatsuna
brassica rapa var. perviridis
japanese mustard spinach
komatsuna
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. subsp. perviridis L.H.Bailey
Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey
komatsuma plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:BRPA13
Brassica campestris L., var. parachinensis (Bailey) Sinsk.
Brassica parachinensis L. H. Bailey
Brassica parachinensis L.H. Bailey
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica parachinensis
brassica rapa parachinensis
choisum
false pak-choi
tsai shim
tsoi sum
tsai shim plant
A variety of kale (Brassica oleracea sabellica)
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. sabellica L.
Brassica oleracea sabellica
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.
borecole
curly kale plant
legume animal feed plant
straw, fodder or forage of cereal grains and grasses
CCPR:
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. ; P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
pueraria montana lobata
kudzu plant
CCPR:
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don ; L. sericea Miq.
lespedeza plant
CCPR:
Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.; O. sativa Lamk.
sainfoin plant
CCPR:
clover plant
Lotus corniculatus, L.; other Lotus spp.
trefoil plant
CCPR:
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
cynodon dactylon
bermuda grass plant
CCPR:
Poa spp.
poa spp.
bluegrass plant
CCPR:
Bromus spp.
bromus spp.
brome grass plant
CCPR:
Lolium spp.
lollium spp.
darnel plant
tropical or subtropical fruit - edible peel plant
tropical or subtropical fruit - inedible peel plant
The ilama (also known as the tree of the ilama, *Annona diversifolia*) is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America.
WIKIPEDIA:Annona_diversifolia
CCPR:
PLANTS:ANDI11
Annona diversifolia Saff.
annona diversifolia
ilama plant
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus *Dioscorea* (family *Dioscoreaceae*) that form edible tubers. Yams are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in many temperate and subtropical world regions. The tubers themselves are also called "yams", having numerous cultivars.
In parts of the United States and Canada, "yam" is sometimes used to refer to varieties of the completely unrelated sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)]
CCPR:
Dioscorea L.
dioscorea spp.
dioscoreaceae
yam plant
CCPR:
Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.; Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.; other Stizolobium spp.
velvet bean plant
A wild (non-domesticated) species of Genus Zea plant.
CCPR:
PLANTS:ZEMAH
PLANTS:ZEMAP
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays L. ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; Zea mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchlaena mexicana Schrader.
Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis (H. H. Iltis & Doebley) Doebley
Zea mays subsp. mexicana (Schrad.) H. H. Iltis
Zea mays subsp. parviglumis H. H. Iltis & Doebley
Zea mays var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley
teosinte plant
CCPR:
Cucumis sativus L.; pickling cucumber cultivars
bur cucumber
bur gherkin
cucumis anguria
west indian gherkin plant
*Malva* is a genus of about 25-30 species of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family *Malvaceae* (of which it is the type genus), one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva]
CCPR:
PLANTS:MALVA
PLANTS:MAVE
MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L.
Malva
Malva L.
Malva spp.
Malva verticillata L.
cluster mallow
malva spp
malva verticillata
mallow plant
CCPR:
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.
kapok plant
CCPR:
Macrostyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marcechal & Baudet; Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms.; Voandzeia poissoinii Chev.
geocarpa bean
geocarpa groundnut
kersting's groundnut plant
*Sanguisorba* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Rosaceae* native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The common name is burnet.
There are about 30 species, including: *Sanguisorba annua* (annual burnet, prairie burnet, western burnet); *Sanguisorba canadensis* (Canadian burnet, white burnet); *Sanguisorba dodecandra* (Italian burnet); *Sanguisorba hakusanensis* (Hakusan burnet); *Sanguisorba menendezii* (Canary Islands burnet); *Sanguisorba minor* (salad burnet, garden burnet, little burnet); *Sanguisorba obtusa* (Japanese burnet); *Sanguisorba officinalis* (great burnet, burnet bloodwort); *Sanguisorba tenuifolia* (Asian burnet). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguisorba]
CCPR:
PLANTS:SANGU2
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Poterium officinala A. Gray) ; Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.; syn: Poterium sanguisorba L.)
Sanguisorba
Sanguisorba L.
Sanguisorba spp.
sanguisorba
burnet plant
CCPR:
Dictamnus albus L. ; D. fraxinella Pers.
cretan dittany
dittany
burning-bush plant
CCPR:
Acorus calamus L.
flagroot
calamus plant
CCPR:
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.
curryleaf plant
CCPR:
Inula helenium L.
elecampane plant
CCPR:
Marrubium vulgare L.
horehound plant
CCPR:
Lavandula angustifolia Mill..; L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC.
lavender plant
CCPR:
Ruta graveolens L.
rue plant
CCPR:
Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.
myrrh
sweet cicely plant
CCPR:
Tanacetum balsamita L.; Chrysanthemum balsamita L.
tansy plant
CCPR:
Asperula odorata L.
galium odoratum
woodruff plant
*Artemisia* is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 and 400 species belonging to the daisy family *Asteraceae*. Common names for various species in the genus include mugwort, wormwood, and sagebrush. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_(genus)]
CCPR:
PLANTS:ARTEM
Artemisia
Artemisia L.
Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L.
Artemisia spp.
artemisia
mugwort
sagebrush
sagewort
southernwood
wormwood plant
CCPR:
Hybrids of Grapefruit x Tangelo
tangelolo plant
The *Lecythidaceae* comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar. The most important member of the family in world trade is the Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*), valued for its edible nuts; the Paradise nut (*Lecythis* species) is also eaten.
WIKIPEDIA:Lecythidaceae
CCPR:
Lecythis zabucajo Aubl.; L. elliptica Kunth; L. ollaria L.; L. usitatis Miers
lecythis spp.
paradise nut
sapucaia-nut plant
CCPR:
Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott
alocasia indica
alocasia macrorrhizos
alocasia plant
CCPR:
Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; A. esculenta DC.
arracacia xanthorrhiza
peruvian-carrot
arracacha plant
CCPR:
Canna edulis Ker.
achira
canna indica
gruya
queensland arrowroot
edible canna plant
Kurrat is a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum.
allium kurrat
broadleaf wild leek
salad leek
wild leek
kurrat plant
CCPR:
Oxalis tuberosa Mol.
oca plant
CCPR:
Campanula rapunculus L.
rampion plant
CCPR:
Sium sisarum L.
skirret
skirrit plant
CCPR:
Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl.
guinea arrowroot
leren
topee tambu plant
CCPR:
Ullucus tuberosus Caldas
ullucu plant
Anadromous fish live in the sea mostly, breed in fresh water; the best-known are salmon, which hatch in small freshwater streams, go down to the sea and live there for several years, then return to the same streams where they were hatched, spawn, and die shortly thereafter.
anadromous fish
Catadromous fish live in fresh water, breed in the sea; the most remarkable are freshwater eels of genus Anguilla, whose larvae drift on the open ocean, sometimes for months or years, before travelling thousands of kilometres back to their original streams.
catadromous fish
Amphidromous fish move between fresh and salt water during some part of life cycle, but not for breeding.
amphidromous fish
A mushroom fruitbody of a Boletacea fungus.
2022-04-06T12:37:01
bolete mushroom
*Astacus leptodactylus*, the Danube crayfish or Galician crayfish, is a species of crayfish native to eastern Europe. It can be distinguished most easily from the commoner European or broad-fingered crayfish (*Astacus astacus*) by the relatively thinner "fingers" of the claws.
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_leptodactylus
CEC1993:1264
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823
Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholz, 1823
astacus leptodactylus
galician crayfish
danube crayfish
aronia melanocarpa
black chokeberry
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott
black chokeberry plant
tropaeolum majus
garden nasturtium plant
piber auritum
piper sanctum
piper umbellatum
pepper leaves plant
The edible frog (*Pelophylax kl. esculentus*) is a name for a common European frog, also known as the common water frog or green frog (however, this latter term is also used for the North American species Rana clamitans). It is used for food, particularly in France for the delicacy frog legs. *Pelophylax kl. esculentus* is the fertile hybrid of the pool frog (*Pelophylax lessonae*) and the marsh frog (*Pelophylax ridibundus*).
Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882)
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Rana esculenta Linnaeus 1758
Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758
common water frog
green frog
pelophylax esculentus
rana esculenta
edible frog
PLANTS:DIIB2
Digitaria iburua Stapf
digitaria iburua
black fonio plant
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
scardinius erythrophthalmus
rudd
PLANTS:VERBE
Verbena
Verbena L.
Verbena sp.
verbena ssp.
vervain
verbena plant
pod or seed vegetable, poisonous cultivars
Munida gregaria
Munida gregaria (Fabricius 1793)
lobster krill
munida gregaria
red whalefeed
squat lobster
swarming squat lobster
new zealand langostino
great-headed garlic
levant garlic
great-headed garlic plant
Tree onions, also commonly called top onions or Egyptian onions, are a strong-growing onion with a bunch of bulblets where a normal onion would have flowers. In some varieties these bulblets will sprout and grow while still on the original stalk, which may bend down under the weight of the new growth, giving rise to the name, walking onion. [Source: Wikipedia]
Allium ×proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd.
beltsville bunching onion
catawissa onion
egyptian onion
top onion
wakegi onion
tree onion plant
CEC1993:1194
Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt, 1926)
Metapenaeus endeavouri Schmitt, 1926
endeavour prawn
endeavour shrimp
metapenaeus endeavouri
brown prawn
CEC1993:269
CEC1993:270
Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
Osmerus mordax Mitchill, 1814
Osmerus mordax Steindachner & Kner 1870
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
LanguaL curation note: According to FISHBASE, the taxonomic status of the scientific name is not valid. Valid entry is *ATLANTIC RAINBOW SMELT [B1905]* (Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814)).
Status of scientific name in ITIS is valid, in which , Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) is a subspecies.
See also Wikipedia .
WIKIPEDIA:Gull
guillemots
seagull
tern
gull
See also Wikipedia .
WIKIPEDIA:Plover
oystercatcher
plover
MANSFELD:34204
PLANTS:TRAE
Triticum aestivum L.
Triticum aestivum subsp. aestivum
triticum aestivum
common wheat plant
etmopteridae
lantern sharks
lantern shark family
houndsharks
smooth dogfishes
smooth-hounds
topes
triakidae
whiskery sharks
hound shark family
carcharhiniformes
ground sharks
fish, carcharhiniform
cat sharks
catsharks
scyliorhinidae
cat shark family
squatiniformes
fish, squantiniform
lamna spp.
mackerel shark
carcharodon spp.
carcharodon
carcharhinus spp.
gray sharks
grey sharks
CEC1993:1309
Haliotis gigantea
Haliotis gigantea Gmelin, 1791
haliotis gigantea
giant abalone
CEC1993:1310
Haliotis midae (Linnaeus 1758)
haliotis midae
perlemoen abalone
CEC1993:1311
Haliotis ruber Leach, 1814
Haliotis rubra
Haliotis rubra Leach 1814
haliotis ruber
haliotis rubra
blacklip abalone
Haliotis assimilis
Haliotis assimilis Dall, 1878
haliotis assimilis
threaded abalone
Haliotis australis
haliotis australis
queen paua
australian abalone
Arca noae
Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758
arca noae
noahs ark
Anadara subcrenata
anadara subcrenata
mogai clam
Anadara baughmani
Anadara baughmani Hertlein, 1951
anadara baughmani
skewed ark
baughman ark
Menippe rumphii (Fabricius, 1798)
menippe rumphii
maroon stone crab
Menippe frontalis A. Milne Edwards, 1879
menippe frontalis
stridulating stone crab
Cancer bellianus Johnston 1861
cancer bellianus
toothed rock crab
Cancer johngarthi Carvacho, 1989
cancer johngarthi
northern lemon rock crab
Cryptodromiopsis plumosa (Lewinsohn, 1984)
cryptodromiopsis plumosa
shaggy sponge crab
CEC:1295
Lithodes antarcticus Jacquinot 1853
Lithodes santolla Molina, 1782
lithodes antarcticus
lithodes santolla
southern king crab
callinectes spp.
swim crab (callinectes spp.)
Procambarus bivitattus Hobbs, 1942
procambarus bivitattus
ribbon crayfish
CEC1993:1267
Austropotamobius torrentium (Schrank, 1803)
Austropotamobius torrentium Schrank, 1803
austropotamobius torrentium
stone crayfish
CEC1993:1266
Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet, 1858)
austropotamobius pallipes
river crayfish
Euphausia triacantha Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia triacantha Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia triacantha
spiny krill
Ibacus alticrenatus Bate, 1888
Ibacus altricrenatus Bate, 1888
ibacus alticrenatus
ibacus altricrenatus
velvet fan lobster
jasus spp.
jasid spiny lobster
Jasus novaehollandiae Holthuis 1963
jasus novaehollandiae
southern rock lobster
panulirus spp.
panulirid spiny lobster
*Branchiopoda* is a class of crustaceans. It comprises fairy shrimp, clam shrimp, Cladocera, Notostraca and the Devonian Lepidocaris. They are mostly small, freshwater animals that feed on plankton and detritus. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchiopoda]
branchiopods
branchiopod
CEC1993:1242
Haliporoides triarthrus Stebbing, 1914
Hymenopenaeus triarthrus (Stebbing, 1914)
haliporoides triarthrus
hymenopenaeus triarthrus
knife shrimp
solenocerid shrimps
solenoceridae
solenocerid shrimp family
CEC1993:1197
Parapenaeopsis atlantica Balss, 1914
parapenaeopsis atlantica
guinea shrimp
*Xiphopenaeus kroyeri* was first described by Camill Heller in 1862, under the name *Penaeus kroyeri*. It was transferred to the genus *Xiphopenaeus* in 1869 by Sidney Irving Smith. *X. kroyeri* has been considered conspecific with the Pacific species *X. riveti*, but recent genetic analysis indicates that the two are separate species, and that *X. kroyeri* (sensu stricto) may even constitute two cryptic species.
WIKIPEDIA:Xiphopenaeus_kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus riveti Bouvier 1907
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
xiphopenaeus riveti
pacific seabob
Chione undatella
Chione undatella (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)
Chione undatella (Sowerby, 1835)
chione undatella
frilled venus
Chione californiensis
Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835)
chione californiensis
california venus
Austrovenus stutchburyi
Chione stutchburyi (Wood 1828)
austrovenus stutchburyi
new zealand cockle
Glycymeris pilosa
Glycymeris pilosa (Linnaeus 1767)
glycymeris pilosa
pilose bittersweet
dock cockle
Glycymeris violacescens
glycymeris violacescens
purple bittersweet
violet bittersweet
Acanthocardia spinosa (Solander 1786)
Cardium tuberculatum
acanthocardia spinosa
cardium tuberculatum
knotted cockle
CEC1993:1358
Mytilus chilensis (Hupé, 1854)
Mytilus chilensis Hupe, 1854
mytilus chilensis
Chilean Blue mussel
CEC1993:1359
Mytilus crassitesta
mytilus crassitesta
korean mussel
CEC1993:1362
Mytilus planulatus
Mytilus planulatus Lamarck, 1819
mytilus planulatus
Australian mussel
CEC1993:1363
Mytilus platensis Orbigny, 1846
Mytilus platensis dOrbigny 1846
mytilus platensis
river plata mussel
CEC1993:1364
Mytilus smaragdinus
mytilus smaragdinus
green mussel
Mytilus desolationis Lamy 1936
mytilus desolationis
kerguelen mussel
Helix lucorum is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
WIKIPEDIA:Helix_lucorum
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Helix_lucorum_2.jpg/320px-Helix_lucorum_2.jpg
helix lucorum
turkish snail
http://molluscs.at/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix.html?/gastropoda/terrestrial/helix/lucorum.html
Pleuroploca gigantea
Pleuroploca gigantea (Kiener, 1840)
horse conch
WIKIPEDIA:Lambis_lambis
Lambis lambis
Lambis lambis (Linnaeus, 1758)
common spider conch
lambis lambis
spider conch
CEC1993:1335
Ostrea chilensis Philippi 1845
Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1847
ostrea chilensis
chilean flat oyster
CEC:1336
Ostrea denticulata Born 1778
Ostrea denticulata Born, 1778
ostrea denticulata
denticulate rock oyster
Crassostrea gigas kumamoto
crassostrea gigas kumamoto
kumamoto oyster
pinnidae
penshell
The shark catfishes form the family *Pangasiidae*. They are found in fresh and brackish waters across southern Asia, from Pakistan to Borneo. Among the 30-odd members of this family is the plant-eating, endangered Mekong giant catfish *Pangasianodon gigas*, one of the largest known freshwater fish. Several species are the basis of productive aquaculture industries in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_catfish]
pangasiidae
giant catfishes
CEC1993:1407
Loligo reynaudi Orbigny, 1845
Loligo reynaudi dOrbigny 1845
chokker squid
loligo reynaudi
cape hope squid
flying squids
ommastrephidae
shortfin squids
flying squid
fissurellidae
keyhole limpets
keyhole limpet
MANSFELD:1246
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. crispum
curly parsley
double-curled parsley
garden parley plant
*Plantago* is a genus of about 200 species of small, inconspicuous plants commonly called plantains. *Plantago* species have been used since prehistoric times as herbal remedies. The herb is astringent, anti-toxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, as well as demulcent, expectorant, styptic and diuretic. Externally, a poultice of the leaves is useful for insect bites, poison-ivy rashes, minor sores, and boils. In folklore it is even claimed to be able to cure snakebite. Internally, it is used for coughs and bronchitis, as a tea, tincture, or syrup. The broad-leaved varieties are sometimes used as a leaf vegetable for salads, green sauce, et cetera. Plantain seed husks expand and become mucilaginous when wet, especially those of *Plantago psyllium*, which is used in common over-the-counter bulk laxative and fiber supplement products. []
PLANTS:PLANT
Plantago
Plantago L.
Plantago sp.
indianwheat
plantago spp.
plantain plant
Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.
Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum
Allium ampeloprasum var. atroviolaceum (Boiss.) Regel
broadleaf wild leek
broadleaf wild leek plant
vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus
northern mountain cranberry plant
Sweet onion is a variety of onion that is not pungent. There are several varieties of sweet onion. The term sweet onion comes from the perceived sweetness of the onion compared to other varieties. This perceived sweetness is derived from a low sulfur content and and high water content when compared to other onion varieties.
white onion
The banana pepper (also known as the yellow wax pepper or banana chili) is a medium-sized member of the chili pepper family that has a mild, tangy taste. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_pepper]
Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum
capsicum annuum var. annuum
banana pepper plant
Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc., 1885
auricularia polytricha
hirneola polytricha
tree ear fungus
wood ear fungus
cloud ear fungus
PLANTS:CHANA2
fireweed
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ssp. angustifolium
Epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium L.
chamerion angustifolium
chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium
epilobium angustifolium ssp. angustifolium
fireweed plant
Damion Dooley
maitake
Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray, 1821
A polypore mushroom that grows in clusters at the base of trees, particularly oaks
MANSFELD:23939
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg.
field mustard
polish canola
turnip-rape
winter turnip rape plant
MANSFELD:19198
Bambusa oldhamii Munro
bambusa oldhamii
giant timber bamboo
oldham's bamboo plant
MANSFELD:19259
Gigantochloa albociliata (Munro) Kurz
gigantochloa albociliata
white-fringe gigantochloa plant
MANSFELD:19275
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merr.
Gigantochloa levis (Blanco) Merrill
gigantochloa levis
smooth giant grass
smooth-shoot gigantochloa
poring bamboo plant
Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble
monastery bamboo
thyrsostachys siamensis
umbrella-handle bamboo
thailand bamboo plant
MANSFELD:5835
Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes
Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes
solanum tuberosum l. subsp. andigenum
andean potato plant
A plum tomato, also known as a processing tomato or paste tomato, is a type of tomato bred for sauce and packing purposes. Varieties commonly available in markets include Roma VF and San Marzano (semi-determinate; a signature tomato of Italian cuisine), though there are many other varieties, such as the short-season Ropreco Paste and the larger Amish Paste and Big Mama. Five hybrid cultivars grown in California constitute over 60% of total production of processing tomatoes. Small plum tomatoes (similar in size to cherry tomatoes) are known as grape tomatoes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_tomato
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg/320px-Plum_Tomatoes%2C_Lexington_MA.jpg
grape tomato plant
roma tomato plant
plum tomato plant
Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél., 1872
boletus of the steppes
french horn mushroom
king brown mushroom
king trumpet mushroom
trumpet royale
An edible mushroom native to Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, but also grown in many parts of Asia.
Hypsizygus tessulatus (Bull.) Singer
beech mushroom
brown beech
brown clamshell mushrooms
brown shimeji
buna-shimeji
bunashimeji
hypsizygus tessulatus
cocktail tomato plant
Frillice is a cross between iceberg lettuce and curly endive; the leaves are green, thick and crisp like iceberg but the tops are crinkled like curly endive.
frillice lettuce plant
Mizuna (Japanese: 'water greens'), also called Xiu Cai, Kyona, Japanese Mustard, Potherb Mustard, Japanese Greens, California Peppergrass, Spider Mustard, etc., is a Japanese name used primarily for cultivated varieties of *Brassica rapa nipposinica* but also for *Brassica juncea* var. *japonica*.
PLANTS:BRRA
Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L.H.Bailey) Hanelt
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
Japanese mustard greens
Mizuna
brassica juncea var. japonica
brassica rapa nipposinica
california peppergrass
kyona
potherb mustatd
spider mustard
water greens
xiu cai
japanese mustard plant
Red onions, are cultivars of the onion (*Allium cepa*) with purplish red skin and white flesh tinged with red. These onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a mild, to sweet flavor.
This section list vitamins and mineral substances which may be used in the manufacture of food supplements.
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements.
food supplements, vitamin and mineral substances (ec)
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF] and its amendments COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2006/37/EC [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:094:0032:0033:EN:PDF] and COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1170/2009 [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:314:0036:0042:EN:PDF].
food supplements, vitamin substances (ec)
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
food supplements, mineral substances (ec)
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF] and its amendments COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2006/37/EC [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:094:0032:0033:EN:PDF] and COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1170/2009 [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:314:0036:0042:EN:PDF].
d-biotin
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
folic acid
pteroylmonoglutamic acid
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
d-pantothenate, sodium
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
dexpantothenol
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
thiamin mononitrate
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
potassium-l-ascorbate
potassium ascorbate
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF].
d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate
Palmaria
palmaria
discinaceae
false morel
The "white truffle" or "trifola d'Alba" (*Tuber magnatum*) comes from the Langhe and Montferrat areas of the Piedmont region in northern Italy and, most famously, in the countryside around the cities of Alba and Asti; in Italy it can also be found in Molise, Abruzzo, and in the hills around San Miniato, in Tuscany. It is also found on the Istria peninsula, in Croatia in the Motovun forest along the Mirna river, and in Slovenia along the Dragonja and Rizana river, as well as in the Drome area in France.
WIKIPEDIA:Truffle#White_truffle
Tuber magnatum Picco, 1788
alba truffle
italian white truffle
tuber magnatum
white truffle
*Tuber melanosporum*, called the black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is one of the most expensive edible mushrooms in the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Tuber_melanosporum
Tuber melanosporum Vittad., 1831
black périgord truffle
french black truffle
périgord truffle
tuber melanosporum
black truffle
Tuber sinense X.L. Mao 2000
tuber indicum
tuber sinense
chinese truffle
The summer truffle (*Tuber aestivum*) or burgundy truffle (*Tuber uncinatum*) is a species of truffle, found in almost all European countries.
WIKIPEDIA:Tuber_aestivum
Tuber aestivum Vittad., 1831
burgundy truffle
tuber aestivum
tuber uncinatum
summer truffle
Pleurotus ostreatus
grey oyster mushroom
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., 1871
*Pleurotus ostreatus*, the oyster mushroom, is a common edible mushroom. It was first cultivated in Germany as a subsistence measure during World War I and is now grown commercially around the world for food.
Salmoninae
salmoninae
salmonins
*Esociformes* are a small order of ray-finned fish, with two families, the *Umbridae* (mudminnows) and the *Esocidae* (pikes). The pikes of genus *Esox* give the order its name.
WIKIPEDIA:Esociformes
Esociformes
esciformes
fish, esociform
The Osmeriformes comprise an order of ray-finned fish that includes the true or freshwater smelts and allies, such as the galaxiids and noodlefishes; they are also collectively called osmeriforms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmeriformes]
Osmeriformes
osmeriformes
fish, osmeriform
phractolaemidae
african mudfish family
muraenesocidae
pike-conger family
atherinopsidae
new world silversides
neotropical silverside family
aulopidae
flagfin family
CEC1993:214
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist 1913
Engraulis capensis Gilchrist, 1913
engraulis capensis
southern africa anchovy
stet anchovy
Clupea harengus membras Linnaeus, 1761
clupea harengus membras
baltic herring
Dorosomatinae
dorosomatinae
gizzard shad
Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908)
sprattus sprattus balticus
baltic sprat
Etrumeus is a genus of round herrings in the family, *Dussumieriidae*. There are currently six recognized species in this genus: *Etrumeus golanii* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012; *Etrumeus makiawa* J. E. Randall & DiBattista, 2012; *Etrumeus micropus* (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846); *Etrumeus teres* (DeKay, 1842) (Red-eye round herring); *Etrumeus whiteheadi* Wongratana, 1983 (Whitehead's round herring); *Etrumeus wongratanai* DiBattista, J. E. Randall & Bowen, 2012. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrumeus]
CEC1993:176
Etrumeus Bleeker, 1853
Etrumeus spp.
etrumeus
round herring
clupea pallasii marisalbi
white sea herring
clupea pallasii suworowi
chosa herring
CEC1993:174
Etrumeus acuminatus Gilbert, 1891
etrumeus acuminatus
californian round herring
CEC1993:175
Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814)
etrumeus sardina
atlantic round herring
sardinops spp.
pilchard
*Harengula* is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species: *Harengula clupeola* (Cuvier, 1829) (False herring); *Harengula humeralis* (Cuvier, 1829) (Redear herring); *Harengula jaguana* Poey, 1865 (Scaled herring); *Harengula thrissina* (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific flatiron herring) [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harengula]
WIKIPEDIA:Harengula
CEC1993:178
EC:No 216/2009 SAS
Harengula Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Harengula spp.
harengula
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson & Rothman, 1973
Nematalosa galatheae Nelson and Rothman, 1973
nematalosa galatheae
galathea gizzard shad
CEC1993:154
Alosa fallax (Lacepède, 1803)
Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1803
alosa fallax
twaite shad
CEC1993:155
Alosa fallax nilotica (Lacépède, 1803)
alosa fallax nilotica
nile twaite shad
CEC1993:157
Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838)
alosa pontica
black sea shad
CEC1993:345
Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas, 1811)
phoxinus percnurus
swamp minnow
CEC1993:281
Esox americanus vermiculatus
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846
esox americanus vermiculatus
grass pickerel
molva spp.
european ling
Pollachius Nilsson, 1832
pollacchius spp
pollock
Merluccius Rafinesque, 1810
merluccius spp.
hake
merlucciidae
merlucid hakes
hake family
Micromesistius Gill, 1863
micromesistius spp.
blue whiting (genus)
CEC1993:449
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
black sea whiting
CEC1993:920
Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion barbatum
snake blenny
Ophidion Linnaeus, 1758
ophidion spp.
cusk-eel
Macruronus Günther, 1873
macruronus spp.
blue grenadier
CEC1993:270
Osmerus mordax dentex
Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner, 1870
asiatic smelt
boreal smelt
arctic smelt
seriolella spp.
silverfish
CEC1993:715
Cynoscion macdonaldi (Gilbert, 1890)
conyscion macdonaldi
macdonald's weakfish
leiostomus spp.
spot
atractoscion spp.
atractoscion
cilus spp.
cilus
Micropogonias Bonaparte, 1831
micropogonias spp.
finebarbel croaker
Paralonchurus goodei Gilbert in Jordan and Evermann, 1898
paralonchurus goodei
angel croaker
genyonemus spp.
genyonemus
Larimichthys Jordan and Starks, 1905
larimichthys spp.
larimichthys
Larimichthys pamoides (Munro, 1964)
larimichthys pamoide
southern yellow croaker
mullus spp.
mullet
CEC1993:812
Upeneus asymmetricus Lachner, 1954
upeneus asymmetricus
golden-striped goatfish
Parupeneus bifasciatus (Lacepède 1801)
parupeneus bifasciatus
doublebar goatfish
gobius spp.
freshwater goby
pomatoschistus spp.
pomatoschistus
knipowitschia
Neogobius Iljin, 1927
neogobius
round goby (Neogobius)
Proterorhinus Smitt, 1900
proterorhinus spp.
tubenose goby (Proterorhinus)
Zosterisessor Whitley, 1935
zosterisessor spp.
zosterisessor
osphronemidae
giant gourami family
carangoides
island jack
elagatis spp.
runner
CEC1993:666
Trachurus trachurus capensis (Castelnau, 1861)
trachurus trachurus capensis
cape horse mackerel
decapterus spp.
mackerel scads (Decapterus spp)
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert & Starks 1904
Oligoplites refulgens Gilbert and Starks, 1904
oligoplites refulgens
shortjaw leatherjacket
alectis spp.
threadfish
cobblerfish
Parastromateus Bleeker, 1865
parastromateus spp.
parastromateus
cybium spp.
scomberomorus spp.
seerfish
*Rastrelliger* is a mackerel genus in the family *Scombridae*. The three species of *Rastrelliger* together with the four species of *Scomber* comprise the tribe Scombrini, known as the "true mackerels": Short mackerel, *R. brachysoma* (Bleeker, 1851); Island mackerel, *R. faughni* Matsui, 1967.; Indian mackerel, *R. kanagurta* (Cuvier, 1816).
CEC1993:966
EC:No 216/2009 RAX
chub mackerel
Rastrelliger Jordan and Starks in Jordan and Dickerson, 1908
Rastrelliger spp.
indian mackerel
rastrelliger spp.
chub mackerel (Rastrelliger genus)
CEC1993:981
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829)
Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1831)
scomberomorus lineolatus
streaked seerfish
CEC1993:983
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro 1964
Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964
scomberomorus multiradiatus
papuan seerfish
thunnus spp.
albacore and tuna
euthynnus spp.
lesser tuna
auxis spp.
frigate tuna
frigate mackerel
katsuwonus spp.
skipjack tuna
oceanic bonito
agonostomus spp.
mountain mullet
valamugil spp.
bluespot mullet
aldrichetta spp.
aldrichetta
CEC1993:764
Dentex congoensis Poll, 1954
dentex congoensis
congo dentex
CEC1993:928
Gymnammodytes cicerellus (Rafinesque, 1810)
gymnammodytes cicerellus
mediterranean sandeel
psychrolutidae
flathead sculpin
mycteroperca spp.
mycteroperca
Cephalopholis Bloch and Schneider, 1801
cephalopholis spp.
cephalopholis
diplectrum
Paralabrax Girard, 1856
paralabrax spp.
sand bass
Acanthistius Gill, 1862
acanthistius spp.
acanthistius
The cutlassfishes are about 40 species of predatory fish in the family *Trichiuridae* (order Perciformes) found in seas throughout the world. Fish of this family are long, slender, and generally steely blue or silver in colour, giving rise to their name. They have reduced or absent pelvic and caudal fins, giving them an eel-like appearance, and large fang-like teeth. Some of the species are known as scabbardfishes or hairtails; others are called frostfishes because they appear in late autumn and early winter, around the time of the first frosts.
hairtail
trichiuridae
cutlassfish family
ambloplites spp.
rock bass genus
lepomis spp.
common sunfish
polyprionidae
wreckfish family
lateolabracidae
CEC1993:549
Polydactylus quadrifilis
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier, 1829)
Polynemus quadrifilis (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
giant african threadfin
polydactylus quadrifilis
polynemus quadrifilis
threadfin
five-rayed threadfin
scophthalmidae
turbot family
rhombosoleidae
limanda spp.
mud dab
achiridae
scrawled sole
freshwater sole
thymallus spp.
grayling genus
hucho spp.
danube salmon genus
Hucho perryi (Brevoort, 1856)
stringfish
japanese huchen
Hucho ishikawae Mori, 1928
hucho ishikawae
korean taimen
A genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout". Salvelinus is a member of the subfamily Salmoninae within the family Salmonidae. The genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. Many species also migrate to the sea.
Damion Dooley
charr
salvelinus spp.
Salvelinus Richardson, 1836
char
CEC1993:228
Coregonus altior
Coregonus pollan Thompson 1835
Coregonus pollan Thompson, 1835
coregonus altior
coregonus elegans
coregonus pollan
freshwater herring
pollan
CEC1993:231
Coregonus hiemalis
Coregonus hiemalis Jurine, 1825
coregonus hiemalis
lake geneva whitefish
Oncorhynchus apache (Miller, 1972)
Oncorhynchus gilae apache (Miller, 1972)
oncorhynchus apache
arizona trout
Oncorhynchus aguabonita (Jordan 1892)
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita (Jordan, 1892)
ancorhynchus aguabonita
golden trout
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan & McGregor 1925
Oncorhynchus rhodurus Jordan and McGregor in Jordan and Hubbs, 1925
oncorhynchus rhodurus
biwa
CEC1993:253
Salmo trutta fario Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta fario
river trout
CEC1993:254
Salmo trutta lacustris Linnaeus, 1758
salmo trutta lacustris
lake trout (brown trout variety)
ameiurus spp.
bullhead
pylodictis spp.
flathead catfish genus
*Schilbeidae* is a family of catfishes native to Africa and Asia. These fish tend to swim in open water. The family name is sometimes spelled *Schilbidae* in scientific literature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilbeidae]
schilbeidae
glass catfish family
diodontidae
porcupinefish
burrfish family
cyttidae
bigeye dory family
arhynchobatidae
softnose skate family
leucoraja spp.
rough skate (genus)
dipturus spp.
long-nosed skate (genus)
amblyraja spp.
stout skate
somniosidae
sleeper shark family
somniosus spp.
sleeper shark
mustelus spp.
smoot hound shark
smooth-hound genus
triakis spp.
leopard shark genus
centrophoridae
gulper shark family
dalatiidae
sleeper shark
kitefin shark familie
oxynotidae
rough shark family
echinorhinidae
bramble shark family
guitarfishes
rhinobatiformes
fish, rhinobatiform
rhinobatidae
guitarfish family
CEC1993:73
Rhinobatos albomaculatus (Norman, 1930)
Rhinobatos albomaculatus Norman, 1930
rhinobatos albomaculatus
white-spotted guitarfish
CEC1993:75
Rhinobatos planiceps Garman, 1880
rhinobatos planiceps
peruvian guitarfish
https://eol.org/pages/46560658
guitarfish
rhinobatos spp.
guitarfish genus
CEC1993:111
Manta hamiltoni
Manta hamiltoni (Hamilton and Newman in Newman, 1849)
Manta hamiltoni (Newman, 1849)
manta hamiltoni
pacific manta
petromyzontidae
lamprey family
*Cheiragonidae* is a small family of crabs, sometimes called helmet crabs, placed in its own superfamily, *Cheriagonoidea*. It comprises three extant species, Erimacrus isenbeckii, Telmessus acutidens and Telmessus cheiragonus.
cheiragonidae
helmet crab family
*Menippidae* is a family of crabs of the order Decapoda.
menippidae
stone crab family
CEC1993:1294
Lithodes murrayi
Lithodes murrayi Henderson 1888
Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888
lithodes murrayi
murray king crab
The *Oregoniidae* are a family of crabs, formerly included in the family *Majidae*. It contains the four genera *Chionoecetes, Hyas, Macroregonia, Oregonia*.
oregoniidae
oregoniid family
astacidae
european crayfish family
cambaridae
american crayfish family
CEC1993:1323
Anadara granosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
anadara granosa
blood cockle
pharidae
razor shell family
mactridae
mactra surf shell family
CEC1993:1347
Pecten jacobaeus
Pecten jacobaeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
great mediterranean scallop
pecten jacobaeus
great scallop
CEC1993:1349
Pecten meridionalis
Pecten meridionalis Tate, 1887
pecten meridionalis
australian scallop
CEC1993:1351
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby 1842
Pecten sulcicostatus Sowerby, 1842
groovesided scallop
pacten culcicostatus
south atlantic scallop
CEC1993:1354
Aulacomya ater (Molina, 1782)
aulacomya ater
ribbed mussel
magellan mussel
CEC1993:1355
Lithophaga lithophaga (Linnaeus, 1758)
date mussel
european date mussel
lithophaga lithophaga
date shell
modiolus spp.
horse mussel
*Odocoileus* is a genus of medium-sized deer (family *Cervidae*) containing two species native to the Americas. The name is sometimes spelt odocoeleus; it is from a contraction of the roots odonto- and coelus meaning "hollow-tooth".
WIKIPEDIA:Odocoileus
odocoileus spp.
odocoileus deer
fur seal
otariidae
sea lion
eared seal family
The order *Cetacea* includes the marine mammals commonly known as whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetus is Latin and is used in biological names to mean "whale"; its original meaning, "large sea animal", was more general.
WIKIPEDIA:Cetacea
cetacea
cetacean marine mammal
Pinnipeds (from Latin pinna, wing or fin, and ped-, foot) or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semiaquatic marine mammals comprising the families *Odobenidae* (the walrus), *Otariidae* (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and *Phocidae* (earless seals).
WIKIPEDIA:Pinniped
pinniped group
A large fowl, one of the two species in the genus Meleagris and the same as the wild turkey. [...] all of the main domestic turkey varieties today descend from the turkey raised in central Mexico that was subsequently imported into Europe by the Spanish in the 16th century.
turkey
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758
meleagris gallopavo
domestic turkey
plant used for dietary supplements
Tremella fuciformis Berk., 1856
silver ear
white jelly
A species of fungus of genus Tremella; it produces white, frond-like, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruiting bodies). It is widespread, especially in the tropics, where it can be found on the dead branches of broadleaf trees. This fungus is commercially cultivated and is one of the most popular fungi in the cuisine and medicine of China.
Agrocybe aegerita
Agrocybe cylindracea
Cyclocybe aegerita
Pholiota aegerita
poplar mushroom
Agrocybe cylindracea (DC.) Maire, 1938
A mushroom in the genus Cyclocybe which is commonly known as the poplar mushroom.
Pleurotus floridanus Singer, 1946
Pholiota nameko (T. Itô) S. Ito & S. Imai, 1933
Pholiota nameko
A small, amber-brown mushroom with a slightly gelatinous coating that is used as an ingredient in miso soup and nabemono. In some countries this mushroom is available in kit form and can be grown at home. It is one of Japan's most popular cultivated mushrooms, tasting slightly nutty and is often used in stir-fries.
Agaricus rodmani
banded agaric
spring agaric
torq
Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc., 1887
pavement mushroom
An edible white mushroom of the genus Agaricus, similar to the common button mushroom that is sold commercially.
daikokushimeji
hypsizygus marmoreus
lyophyllaceae
lyophyllus shimeji
senbonshimeji
grey oyster mushroom
Pleurotus sajor-caju
Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, 1951
phoenix-tail mushroom
netted stinkhorn
wood witch
Phallus duplicatus Bosc, 1811
A species of fungus in the stinkhorn family. The bell-shaped to oval cap is green-brown, the cylindrical stalk is white.
When mature the cap becomes sticky with a slimy green coating that attracts flies that disperse its spores, and it has a distinct, "netted" universal veil. The fungus is edible when still in the "egg" stage, before the fruit body has expanded. It grows often in public lawns, and can also be found in meadows. [Wikipedia]
Hymenopellis radicata
Oudemansiella radicata
Xerula radicata (Relhan) Dörfelt, 1975
tsuetake
xerula radicata
A widespread Agaric mushroom readily identified by its deeply rooted stalk (stipe).
Panellus serotinus (Pers.) Kühner, 1950
Panellus serotinus
late fall oyster
mukitake
A species of fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Fruit bodies grow as overlapping fan- or oyster-shaped caps on the wood of both coniferous and deciduous trees. The gills on the underside are closely spaced, bright orange yellow, and have an adnate attachment to the stipe.
Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers., 1797
lawyer's wig
sasakurehitoyotake
A common fungus often seen growing on lawns, along gravel roads and waste areas. The young fruit bodies first appear as white cylinders emerging from the ground, then the bell-shaped caps open out. The caps are white, and covered with scale.
Hericium coralloides (Scop.) Pers., 1794
A saprotrophic fungus, commonly known as the coral tooth fungus. It grows on dead hardwood trees. The species is edible and good when young, but as it ages the branches and hanging spines become brittle and turn a light shade of yellowish brown.[Wikipedia]
witches' butter
Tremella mesenterica Retz., 1769
koganenikawatake
A common jelly fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It is most frequently found on dead but attached and on recently fallen branches, especially of angiosperms, as a parasite of wood decay fungi in the genus Peniophora.
wood cauliflower fungus
Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr., 1821
hanabiratake
Sparassis crispa is a species of fungus in the genus Sparassis. In English it is sometimes called cauliflower fungus.
Hypsizygus ulmarius (Bull.) Redhead, 1984
elm leech
hypsizygus ulmarius
shirotamogidake
Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr., 1825
kegawatake
A mushroom in the Polyporaceae family with a common name of "tiger saw-gill" .
marzolino
Calocybe gambosa (Fr.) Singer, 1951
Tricholoma gambosum
kishimejizoku
An edible mushroom that grows mainly in fields, grass verges and roadsides.
Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.
epimedium sagittatum
bishop's hat species
PLANTS:HAPR3
Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.
harpagophytum procumbens
devil's-claw plant
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by any of several species in the *Rubus* genus of the *Rosaceae* family. The fruit is not a true berry; botanically it is termed an aggregate fruit, composed of small drupelets.
WIKIPEDIA:Blackberry
PLANTS:RUBUS
Rubus L.
rubus spp.
blackberry plant
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus *Oxycoccus* of the genus *Vaccinium*. In some methods of classification, *Oxycoccus* is regarded as a genus in its own right. They can be found in acidic bogs throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
WIKIPEDIA:Cranberry
cranberry plant
small cranberry plant
sambuccus spp.
elderberry plant
PLANTS:SANIC4
Sambucus canadensis L.
Sambucus canadensis canadensis Linnaeus
Sambucus canadensis var. canadensis
Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli
american black elderberry
canadian elderberry
sambucus canadensis
canadian elder plant
PLANTS:VIROM
Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (J. Simpson ex Munson) M. O. Moore
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana (Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore
vitis rotundifolia
munson's grape plant
*Citrus × deliciosa *(thorny (Australia) amarillo, beladi, Willowleaf Mandarin, Mediterranean Mandarin) is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pumelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin. It is related to the ponkan.
Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_×_deliciosa]
Citrus deliciosa Ten.
citrus deliciosa
mediterranean mandarin
willow-leaf mandarin
italian tangerine plant
Citrus tangerina Tanaka
Citrus tangerina hort. ex Tanaka
citrus tangerina
dancy tangerine
tangerine plant
*Citrus myrtifolia*, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. The fruit of the tree resemble small oranges. They are sour or bitter and are commonly called by their Italian name, *chinotto*. They are an essential flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the popular Campari apéritif, and of several brands of carbonated soft drinks that are generically called "chinotto". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia]
Citrus myrtifolia Raf.
citrus myrtifolia
myrtle-leaf orange plant
The Galia is a type of hybrid melon originating from a cantaloupe-honeydew cross, larger than a cantaloupe, and with deep green flesh. The name Galia is the feminine form of the Israeli name Gal (meaning 'wave').
WIKIPEDIA:Galia_(melon)
galia melon plant
Melons with netted skin.
WIKIPEDIA:Melon
Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.
true muskmelon plant
The North American cantaloupe, common in the United States, Mexico, and in some parts of Canada, has a net-like (or reticulated) skin covering. It is a round melon with firm, orange, moderately sweet flesh and a thin, reticulated, light-brown rind. Varieties with redder and yellower flesh exist but are not common in the U.S. market.
WIKIPEDIA:Cantaloupe
north american cantaloupe plant
muskmelon, crossbred varieties (plant)
A sugar melon is a type of cantaloupe that is about five to six inches (12-15 cm) in diameter and weighing between two and a half to four pounds (1-2 kg). Nearly round in shape, it has thick, sweet, orange flesh and a ribbed exterior that is a silvery gray.
WIKIPEDIA:Sugar_melon
Cucumis melo L. var. saccharinus Naudin
sugar melon plant
The Canary melon (*C. melo* (Indorus group)) is a large, bright-yellow melon with a pale green to white inner flesh. This melon has a distinctively sweet flavor that is slightly tangier than a honeydew melon.
WIKIPEDIA:Canary_melon
canary melon plant
PLANTS:PEAMD
Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S.F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schldl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
Persea americana var. drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blake
mexican avocado plant
PLANTS:PEAMA2
Persea americana Mill. var. americana
Persea americana var. americana
Persea americana var. americana Miller
lowland avocado
persea americana var. americana
west indian avocado
trapp avocado plant
Dialium indum L.
dialium indum
tamarind plum plant
PLANTS:POVI21
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronq.
Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist
pouteria
pouteria viridis
green sapote plant
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.
wild barley plant
PLANTS:SEIT
Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.
Setaria italica subsp. italica
Setaria italica var. italica (L.) Beauv.
german millet
hungarian millet
italian millet
setaria italica
foxtail millet plant
Setaria italica subsp. viridis (L.) Thell.
setaria italica subsp. viridis
green foxtail millet plant
Fagus japonica Maxim.
fagus japonica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *JAPANESE BEECH [B4250]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
japanese beech plant
Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell. var. rugosa (Roxb.) M. Tsen & S. H. Lee
brassica juncea var. rugosa
head mustard
red mustard
swatow mustard
cabbage-leaf mustard plant
*Jasminum officinale*, known as the common jasmine or simply jasmine, is a species of flowering plant in the olive family *Oleaceae*. It is also known as summer jasmine, poet's jasmine, white jasmine, true jasmine or jessamine, and is particularly valued by gardeners throughout the temperate world for the intense fragrance of its flowers in summer. It is also the National flower of Pakistan.
The essential oil of *Jasminum officinale* is used in aromatherapy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_officinale]
PLANTS:JAOF
Jasminum officinale L.
common jasmine
jasminum officinale
jasmine plant
SPECIES FUNGORUM:201073
Cortinarius caperatus (Pers.) Fr. (1838)
Cortinarius caperatus (Pers.) Fr., 1838
Cortinarius caperatus
A highly esteemed edible mushroom of the genus Cortinarius found in northern regions of Europe and North America.
*Pachyrhizus* is a small genus of five or six species of tropical and subtropical plants growing from large, often edible taproots.
WIKIPEDIA:Pachyrhizus
pachyrhizus spp.
yam bean plant
http://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/yambean/en/
*Crataegus azarolus* is a species of hawthorn known by the common names azarole, mosphilla, and Mediterranean medlar. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is grown there and elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for its fruit. It has been used historically for a number of medicinal purposes.
WIKIPEDIA:Crataegus_azarolus
PLANTS:CRAZ
Crataegus azarolus L.
crataegus azarolus
mediterranean-medlar
azarole plant
Crowberry (*Empetrum*) is a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit. Species of crowberry include: *E. nigrum* (Crowberry), *E. eamesii* (Rockberry), *E.rubrum* and *E. hermaphroditum*. In subarctic areas. Crowberry has been a vital addition to the diet of the Inuit and the Sami. After waning popularity, the crowberry is regaining its reputation as an edible berry. It provides a steady crop and the gathering is relatively easy. The high concentration of anthocyanin pigment can be used as a natural food dye.
WIKIPEDIA:Crowberry
empetrum spp.
crowberry plant
PLANTS:EMEA
PLANTS:EMEAA
PLANTS:EMEAE
Empetrum eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand ssp. eamesii
Empetrum eamesii ssp. atropurpureum (Fern. & Wieg.) D. Löve
Empetrum eamesii ssp. eamesii Fern. & Wieg.
eames' purple crowberry
empetrum eamesii
rockberry
purple crowberry plant
Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.
empetrum rubrum
red crowberry plant
The Jabuticaba (*Myrciaria cauliflora* (Mart.) O.Berg.) (also called Brazilian Grape Tree, Jaboticaba, Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a fruit-bearing tree in the family Myrtaceae native to Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil grown for the purple, grape-like fruits it produces. Other related species in the genus *Myrciaria*>, often referred to by the same common name, are native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia. The fruit is purplish black, with a white pulp; it can be eaten raw or be used to make jellies and drinks (plain juice or wine).
WIKIPEDIA:Myrciaria_cauliflora
PLANTS:MYCA9
Myrciaria cauliflora (C. Martius) O. Berg
Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg
brazilian grapetree
myrciaria cauliflora
jaboticaba plant
*Carissa* is a genus of about 20-30 species of shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and Asia. The fruit are edible but tart, and taste like a giant cranberry and rich in Vitamin C, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The fruit of *C. macrocarpa* is especially delicious and is used to make jelly. They are eagerly consumed by birds, which also distribute the seed. If eaten before fully ripe, a bitter, latex-like substance is released from the skin. Other than the fruit, the plant is poisonous.
WIKIPEDIA:Carissa
PLANTS:CARIS
Carissa L.
carissa spp.
carissa plant
*Ensete*, or Enset, is a genus of plants, native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is one of the three genera in the banana family, *Musaceae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Ensete
PLANTS:ENSET
Ensete
Ensete Horan.
enset
ensete spp.
false banana
ensete plant
Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) Cheesman
ensete glaucum
snow banana plant
Potassium hydrogen tartrate, also known as potassium bitartrate, has formula KC4H5O6, is a byproduct of winemaking. In cooking it is known as cream of tartar. It is the potassium acid salt of tartaric acid.
WIKIPEDIA:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate
cream of tartar
potassium bitartrate
potassium hydrogen tartrate
The Javan Rusa or Sunda Sambar (*Rusa timorensis*) is a deer native to the islands of Java, Bali and Timor (shared with East Timor) in Indonesia. It is also an introduced species in Irian Jaya, Borneo (Kalimantan), the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, Sulawesi, Australia, Mauritius, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Réunion.
WIKIPEDIA:Cervus_timorensis
Cervus timorensis Blainville, 1822
cervus timorensis
rusa deer
timor deer
A small pectinid species is distributed on the outer continental shelf along the east coast of the South Island, from Kaikoura down to Macquarie Island. There are nine other species in the genus, none of which have attracted commercial interest, probably because of their small size.
gem scallop
gem shellfish
southern fan scallop
Zygochlamys delicatula
chlamys delicatula
tipa
zygochlamys delicatula
southern queen scallop
Iaraj (*Cyrtosperma chamissonis - Araceae*). This large, cultivated "hard" or "swamp" taro has been a very important starchy, staple food source. It reaches heights up to 4-6 m (15-20 ft) and produces huge green to yellowish-green, heart-shaped leaves with tips that point upward.
Iaraj is an aroid "root crop" species probably native to Southeast Asia or wetern Melanesia. Early settlers brought it by canoe to many islands of the tropical Pacific, including the Marshall Islands, in prehistoric times.[http://www.hawaii.edu/cpis/MI/plants/iaraj.html]
PLANTS:CYCH7
Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr.
cyrtosperma chamissonis
swamp taro plant
kyphosidae
pilot fish
rudderfishes
sea chubs
sea chub family
*Malvaceae*, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as *Alcea* (hollyhock), *Malva* (mallow) and *Lavatera* (tree mallow). The largest genera in terms of number of species include *Hibiscus* (300 species), *Sterculia* (250 species), *Dombeya* (250 species), *Pavonia* (200 species) and *Sida* (200 species). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvaceae]
mallows
malvaceae
mallows plant
*Odacidae* is a small family of fishes in the order *Perciformes*, commonly known as butterfish, cales, and weed-whitings. They are related to the much larger families of the wrasses and parrotfish.
WIKIPEDIA:Odacidae
butterfish
cales
weed-whitings
odacidae
ALGAEBASE ID:142187
Pyropia columbina (Montagne) W.A.Nelson
karengo
porphyra columbina
pyropia columbina
Puffins are any of three small species of auk (or alcids) in the bird genus *Fratercula* with a brightly coloured beak during the breeding season. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in crevices among rocks or in burrows in the soil. Two species, the Tufted Puffin and Horned Puffin, are found in the North Pacific Ocean, while the Atlantic Puffin is found in the North Atlantic Ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Puffin
fratercula
puffin
Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds. There are more than 30 species of shearwaters, a few larger ones in the genus *Calonectris* and many smaller species in the genus *Puffinus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Shearwater
calonectris
puffinus
shearwater
*Allium* is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes hundreds of species, including the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot, leek, and chives. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium]
allium
onion
wild onion
allium species
*Abelmoschus moschatus* is a perennial species comprising two recognised subspecies. Subsp. *moschatus* occurs in India, parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are also naturalised occurrences of subsp. *moschatus* in northern New South Wales. Subsp. *tuberosus* is found in northern Australia and in islands to the north. It is a delightful, soft, herbaceous trailing plant to 2 metres in diameter with soft hairy stems. It has an underground tuber and dies back to this tuber in the dry season, emerging again with the first substantial rains of the wet season. It is a relative of the edible okra and tubers and foliage were a source of food for Aborigines.[http://anpsa.org.au/a-mos.html]
Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus (Span.) Borss. Waalk.
abelmoschus moschatus subsp. tuberosus
native rosella plant
A hybrid cross of Finger Lime and a calomondin which is pear shaped and orange inside.
The Australian Sunrise lime is a seedling of a Faustrimedin (originally bred in California in 1911), a hybrid of the Finger lime (Citrus australasica) and the Calamondin (Citrus × microcarpa), itself a hybrid between the Nagami kumquat (Citrus japonica 'Nagami') and the sour mandarin (Citrus sunki). Australian Sunrise produces attractive golden-coloured fruit on an upright shrub to small tree, usually 2 to 3 m high and 1.5 to 2.5 m wide. Foliage is dark, glossy-green. The oval leaves are approximately 40 to 45 mm long by 20 to 30 mm wide.
The cream-coloured flowers occur in spring to early summer. Fruits ripen in winter, are pearshaped and usually 30 to 45 mm long by 20 to 40 mm wide. Seeds are small and plump.
Juice squeezed from the fruit has a sharp, clean flavour and a light "floral" aroma. The fruit may be eaten whole and like a kumquat, have a sharpish flesh and a sweet albedo and skin. They can be used in products such as in cordials, beverages, conserves, puree, pastes, sauces, marmalade, syrups and garnishes.[http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/australian.html#sunrise]
WIKIPEDIA:Australian_lime
citrus × oliveri
australian sunrise lime plant
*Argyrosomus* is a genus of fish in the drum family, *Sciaenidae*. They are large fish, with the largest, *Argyrosomus regius* growing up to 230 cm in length. They are commonly targeted as game fish.
WIKIPEDIA:Argyrosomus
argyrosomus
Grunters or tigerperches are fishes in the family *Terapontidae* (also spelled *Teraponidae*, *Theraponidae* or *Therapontidae*). They are found in shallow coastal waters in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, where they live in saltwater, brackish and freshwater habitats. They grow up to 80 cm in length and feed on fishes, insects and other invertebrates.
When caught, grunters make the characteristic grunting sounds that give them their name.
WIKIPEDIA:Terapontidae
grunters
teraponidae
terapontidae
theraponidae
therapontidae
tigerperch
grunter family
The *Sillaginidae*, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family of benthic coastal marine fishes in the order Perciformes. The smelt-whitings inhabit a wide region covering much of the Indo-Pacific, from the west coast of Africa east to Japan and south to Australia. The family comprises only three genera and thirty one species, of which a number are dubious, with the last major revision of the family in 1992 unable to confirm the validity of a number of species. They are elongate, slightly compressed fish often light brown to silver in colour with a variety of markings and patterns on their upper body. The Sillaginidae are not related to a number of fishes commonly called 'whiting' in the Northern Hemisphere, including the fish originally called whiting, *Merlangius merlangus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginidae
sand borers
sand-smelts
sillaginidae
slillaginids
smelt whitings
smelt-whitings
whitings
sillago-whiting family
The blood orange is a variety of orange (*Citrus sinensis*) with crimson, almost-blood-colored flesh. The fruit is smaller than an average orange; its skin is usually pitted, but can be smooth. The distinctive dark flesh color is due to the presence of anthocyanins, a family of pigments common to many flowers and fruit, but uncommon in citrus fruits. The flesh develops its characteristic maroon color when the fruit develops with low temperatures during the night. Sometimes there is dark coloring on the exterior of the rind as well, depending on the variety of blood orange. The skin can also be more tough and harder to peel than other oranges. While all oranges are likely of hybrid origin between the pomelo and the tangerine, blood oranges originated as a mutation of the sweet orange.
Within Europe, the Arancia Rossa di Sicilia (Red Orange of Sicily) has Protected Geographical Status.
WIKIPEDIA:Blood_orange
MANSFELD:7673
PLANTS:CISI3
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck
Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus sinensis
blood orange plant
The brown onion or yellow onion (*Allium cepa *L.) is a variety of dry onion with a strong flavour. They have a greenish-white, light yellow, or white inside, its layers of papery skin have a yellow-brown or pale golden colour. It is higher in sulphur content than the white onion, which gives it a stronger, more complex flavour.
ISTA:
Avena byzantina K. Koch
avena byzantina
LanguaL curation note: Some sources (ITS, GRIN, and USDA PLANTS) list *RED OAT* (Avena byzantina K. Koch) as being a synonym of *COMMON OAT* (Avena sativa L.).
red oat plant
Species belonging to the taxonomic group *Avena* spp.
avena spp.
oat plant
Tetraploid wheat species (28 chromosomes). Khorasan wheat is an ancient grain type. This grain is two times larger than modern-day wheat and is known for its rich nutty flavor. KAMUT is the product name for the wheat variety Q-77 of this species.
WIKIPEDIA:Kamut
PLANTS:TRTU3
Triticum turanicum Jakubz.
Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) A. Love & D. Love
kamut
oriental wheat
khorasan wheat plant
2019-09-10T23:57:32Z
PLANTS:BROLC2
Portuguese kale
couve tronchuda
sea kale
tronchuda cabbage plant
tronchuda kale plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Brassica oleracea var. costata DC.
bedford cabbage
braganza
brassica oleracea var. costata
portuguese cole
tronchuda cabbage
beira tronchuda cabbage plant
The silverskin onion is a small variety of the onion, *Allium cepa* L.
A beefsteak tomato (American English) or beef tomato (British English) is any of the largest varieties of cultivated tomatoes, some weighing 1 pound (450 g) or more.
MANSFELD:6054
beefsteak tomato plant
Corn salad is several species in the *Valeriana* genus (*Valerianella locusta* (Linnaeus), *Valerianella olitoria* (Moench), *Valeriana eriocarpa*, etc Desv. - the synonym Valeriana is obsolete but appears frequently in older texts). It is small dicot annual plants of the family *Valerianaceae*. It is also called Lewiston cornsalad, lamb's lettuce, fetticus, field salad, mâche, feldsalat, nut lettuce and rapunzel.
WIKIPEDIA:Cornsalad
PLANTS:VALER2
valerianella spp.
Valerianella
Valerianella Mill.
Valerianella P. Mill.
Valerianella sp.
cornsalad plant
A type of Cichorium intybus that looks rather like cos lettuce, with tightly packed leaves.
sugarloaf
sugar loaf chicory plant
PLANTS:SALIC
Salicornia L.
Salicornia sp.
pickleweed
salicornia spp.
glasswort plant
Salicornia europaea L.
salicornia europaea
common glasswort plant
*Plantago major* ("broadleaf plantain" or "greater plantain") is a species of *Plantago*, family *Plantaginaceae*. The plant is native to most of Europe and northern and central Asia, but has widely naturalised elsewhere in the world.
*Plantago major* is one of the most abundant and widely distributed medicinal crops in the world. A poultice of the leaves can be applied to wounds, stings, and sores in order to facilitate healing and prevent infection.
WIKIPEDIA:Plantago_major
PLANTS:PLMA2
Plantago major L.
broadleaf plantain
common plantain
plantago major
greater plantain plant
Eucheuma is a general term used to describe a group of red seaweeds/seaplants representing the Tribe *Eucheumatoideae*, used in the production of Carrageenan, an important product used in cosmetics, food processing and industrial uses, as well as a food source for those living in Indonesia and the Philippines. Some of the most significant species include *Betaphycus gelatinae*, *Eucheuma denticulatum*, and several species of the genus *Kappaphycus* including *Kappaphycus alvarezii*. Since the mid-1970"s *Kappaphycus* and *Eucheuma* have been the major source for the expansion of the carrageenan industry.
WIKIPEDIA:Eucheuma
betaphycus gelatinae
eucheuma denticulatum
kappaphycus alvarezii
eucheuma
*Anetholea anisata* (Vickery) Peter G.Wilson (formerly *Syzygium anisatum*, *Backhousia anisata*), ringwood or aniseed tree is a rare Australian rainforest tree with an aromatic leaf that has an essential oil profile comparable to true aniseed. The leaf from cultivated plantations is used as a bushfood spice and distilled for the essential oil, and is known in the trade as aniseed myrtle or anise myrtle.
WIKIPEDIA:Syzygium_anisatum
anetholea anisata
aniseed tree
backhousia anisata
ringwood
syzygium anisatum
aniseed myrtle plant
*Backhousia citriodora* (common names lemon myrtle, lemon scented myrtle, lemon scented ironwood) is a flowering plant in the family *Myrtaceae*, genus *Backhousia*. It is endemic to subtropical rainforests of central and south-eastern Queensland, Australia, with a natural distribution from Mackay to Brisbane. Other common names are sweet verbena tree, sweet verbena myrtle, lemon scented verbena, and lemon scented backhousia.
WIKIPEDIA:Backhousia_citriodora
Backhousia citriodora F. Muell.
australian lemon myrtle
backhousia citriodora
lemon ironwood
lemon scented backhousia
lemon scented ironwood
lemon scented myrtle
lemon scented verbena
sweet verbena myrtle
sweet verbena tree
lemon myrtle plant
*Satureja* is a genus of aromatic plants of the family *Lamiaceae*, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer savory and Winter savory are the most important in cultivation.
WIKIPEDIA:Satureja
PLANTS:SATUR
satureja spp.
Satureja L.
Satureja sp.
savory plant
*Persicaria odorata*, the Vietnamese coriander, is an herb whose leaves are used in Southeast Asian cooking. Other English names for the herb include Vietnamese mint, Vietnamese cilantro, Cambodian mint and hot mint.
Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Sojak
cambodian mint
hot mint
persicaria odorata
vietnamese cilantro
vietnamese mint
vietnamese mint palm
vietnamese coriander plant
*Astrocaryum vulgare* (common names Tucum or Tucumã-do-Pará in Brazil, Aouara in French Guiana, Wara awara in Guyana, awarra in Suriname, Chontilla in Ecuador) is a palm native to Amazon Rainforest vegetation, typical of the Pará state in Brazil. This plant has edible fruit, which are also used for biodiesel production. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.[]
Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.
astrocaryum vulgare
awarra palm
tucuma
tucum plant
*Schinus* is a genus of flowering trees and tall shrubs in the sumac family, *Anacardiaceae*. Members of the genus are commonly known as pepper trees.
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus
PLANTS:SCHIN
Schinus
Schinus L.
Schinus sp.
pepper tree
scinus spp.
peppertree plant
*Aleurites moluccana*, the Candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, *Euphorbiaceae*, also known as Candleberry, Indian walnut, Kemiri, Varnish tree, Nuez de la India, Buah keras or Kukui nut tree.
WIKIPEDIA:Aleurites_moluccana
PLANTS:ALMO2
Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
aleurites moluccana
candleberry
indian walnut
kukui nut tree
varnish tree
candlenut plant
This species is the chota or billi kichili of India and the Cleopatra mandarin of the United States. The tree is attractive, round-topped, symmetrical, and thornless, with small, dark-green leaves. The fruit is orange-red, small, oblate, and highly depressed at the apex, with thin, somewhat rough rind. The flesh texture is soft and juicy and the flavor is somewhat acid. Seeds are small, polyembryonic, and have green cotyledons.
Considered to be native to India and said to have been introduced into Florida from Jamaica sometime prior to 1888, *Citrus reshni* is increasingly important as a rootstock in the United States and elsewhere. It is an attractive ornamental and bears fruit the year round. [http://websites.lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html]
Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka
citrus reshni
spice mandarin
cleopatra orange plant
An orangelo (Spanish chironja) is a hybrid citrus fruit believed to have originated in Puerto Rico. The fruit, a cross between a grapefruit and an orange, had spontaneously appeared in the shade-providing trees grown on coffee plantations in the Puerto Rican highlands.
WIKIPEDIA:Orangelo
chironja
orangelo plant
Citrus tankan Hayata
citrus tankan
tankan mandarin plant
*Vaccinium virgatum* (commonly known as either rabbit-eye blueberry or southern black blueberry) is a species of blueberry native to the Southeastern United States, from North Carolina south to Florida and west to Texas.
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_virgatum
PLANTS:VAVI2
Vaccinium virgatum Ait.
Vaccinium virgatum Aiton
blueberry, rabbiteye
blueberry, smallflower
blueberry, southern black
smallflower blueberry
southern black blueberry
vaccinium virgatum
rabbiteye blueberry plant
*Sorbus* is a genus of about 100 - 200 species of trees and shrubs in the Rose family, *Rosaceae*. Species of *Sorbus* (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain-ash.
WIKIPEDIA:Sorbus
sorbus spp.
sorbus plant
A ratite is any of a diverse group of large, flightless birds of Gondwanan origin, most of them now extinct. There is still some controversy regarding the systematics involved. Some sources state that Ratites are synonymous with *Struthioiniformes*, while other sources state that Ratites are the same group, only that the order *Struthioniformes* contains only the Ostrich and possibly the Elephant Bird. Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum - hence the name from the Latin ratis (for raft). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not fly even if they were to develop suitable wings.
WIKIPEDIA:Ratite
struthioniformes
ratite
Kiwi are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand, in the genus *Apteryx* and family *Apterygidae*. At around the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites and lay the largest egg in relation to their body size of any species of bird in the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Kiwi
Apteryx Shaw, 1813
apteryx
kiwi
A breed of domesticated duck used primarily for egg and meat production. It was bred from the Mallard in China.
Anas peking
Anas platyrhynchos domestica
anas platyrhynchos dom.
long island duck
american pekin duck
The Mulard (or Moulard) is a hybrid variety of domestic duck produced by crossing a female Pekin with a male Muscovy Duck. Since the domestic Pekin is descended from the Mallard Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) and the Muscovy (*Cairina moschata*) is a separate species, all Mulards are sterile F1 hybrids. Most are bred through artificial insemination, and are sometimes also called "mule ducks".
WIKIPEDIA:Mulard_duck
mule duck
mulard duck
The biological subfamily *Bovinae* includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, the bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovinae
bovinae
bovine
tragelaphus spp.
spiral-horned bovine
Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925
bubalus mephistopheles
short-horned water buffalo
A bovid (family *Bovidae*) is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammal which has males with characteristic unbranching horns covered in a permanent sheath of keratin.
The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle.
WIKIPEDIA:Bovidae
bovidae
bovid
Chinese mud carp (Cirrhinus chinensis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. Chinese mud carp is an important food fish in Guangdong Province. It is also cultured in this area and Taiwan.
Cantonese and Shunde cuisines often use this fish to make fish balls and dumplings.
WIKIPEDIA:Cirrhinus_chinensis
cirrhinus chinensis
chinese mud carp
Achatina is a genus of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing, tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achatina
achatina
giant snail
Food additive.
Europe::640
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
glycine and its sodium salt
Food additive.
Codex::450
Europe::450
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
diphosphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): thickener, stabilizer.
Codex::469
Europe::469
sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed (cellulose gum, enzymat
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
enzymatically hydrolysed carboxy methyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed cellulose gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, coating agent, diluent for other food additives, filler, glazing agent, thickener.
Codex::462
Europe::462
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ethyl cellulose
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::392
Europe::392
rosemary extract
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
extracts of rosemary
Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier.
Codex::1517
Europe::1517
glycerol diacetate
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
glyceryl diacetate (diacetin)
Food additive.
Codex::141
Europe::141
chlorophylls and chlorophyllins, copper complexes
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
copper complexes of chlorophylls, chlorophyllins
Food additive; technological purpose(s): glazing agent.
Codex::907
Europe::907
hydrogenated poly-1-decenes
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
hydrogenated poly-1-decene
Food additive; technological purpose(s): stabilizer.
Codex::1103
Europe::1103
invertases
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
invertase
Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier, emulsifier, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectants, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::425
Europe::425
konjac flour
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
konjac
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::1451
Europe::1451
acetylated oxidized starch
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
acetylated oxidised starch
Food additive.
Europe::304
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid
Food additive.
Codex::352
Europe::352
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium malates
Food additive.
Codex::503
Europe::503
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
ammonium carbonates
Food additive.
Codex::1205
Europe::1205
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
basic methacrylate copolymer
Food additive.
Codex::952
Europe::952
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
cyclamates
Food additive.
Codex::333
Europe::333
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium citrates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, stabilizer.
Codex::468
Europe::468
cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (cross-linked cellulose gum)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
cross-linked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, cross linked cellulose gum
Food additive.
Codex::341
Europe::341
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
calcium phosphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::427
Europe::427
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
cassia gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour.
Codex::140
Europe::140
chlorophylls
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
chlorophylls and chlorophyllins
Food additive.
Codex::343
Europe::343
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
magnesium phosphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::426
Europe::426
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
soybean hemicellulose
Food additive.
Codex::500
Europe::500
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium carbonates
Food additive.
Codex::331
Europe::331
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium citrates
Food additive.
Codex::350
Europe::350
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium malates
Food additive.
Codex::514
Europe::514
sodium sulfates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium sulphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::962
Europe::962
aspartame-acesulfame salt
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
salt of aspartame-acesulfame
Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, carrier, stabilizer.
Codex::1452
Europe::1452
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
starch aluminium octenyl succinate
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant.
Codex::319
Europe::319
tertiary butylhydroquinone
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
tertiary-butyl hydroquinone (tbhq)
Food additive.
Codex::451
Europe::451
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
triphosphates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, colour retention agent.
Codex::586
Europe::586
hexylresorcinol, 4-
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
4-hexylresorcinol
Food additive.
Codex::335
Europe::335
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium tartrates
Food additive.
Codex::336
Europe::336
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium tartrates
Food additive.
Codex::965
Europe::965
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
maltitols
Food additive; technological purpose(s): glazing agent.
Codex::905c(i)
Europe::905
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
microcrystalline wax
Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, coating agent, sealing agent, surface-finishing agent.
Codex::1203
Europe::1203
polyvinyl alcohol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
polyvinyl alcohol (pva)
Food additive.
Codex::515
Europe::515
potassium sulfates
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium sulphates
Food additive.
Codex::262
Europe::262
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
sodium acetates
Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, emulsifier, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener.
Codex::407a
Europe::407a
processed euchema seaweed (pes)
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
processed euchema seaweed
Food additive.
Codex::101
Europe::101
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
riboflavins
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::954
Europe::954
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
saccharins
Food additive.
Codex::332
Europe::332
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium citrates
Food additive.
Codex::340
Europe::340
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
potassium phosphates
Food additive.
Europe::466
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, cellulose gum
Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener.
Codex::960
Europe::960
steviol
LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments.
steviol glycosides
Advantame is a new ultrahigh potency sweetener and flavor enhancer derived from aspartame and vanillin.
"Advantame is approximately 20,000 times sweeter than sugar and 100 times sweeter than aspartame." [https://caloriecontrol.org/sugar-substitutes/]
advantame
*Cucumis* is a genus of twining, tendril-bearing plants in the *Cucurbitaceae* family which includes the cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*), muskmelons (*Cucumis melo*, including cantaloupe and honeydew), the horned melon (*Cucumis metuliferus*), and the West Indian gherkin (*Cucumis anguria*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumis]
cucumis species
The *Cucurbitaceae*, also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are:
*Cucurbita* - squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds;
*Lagenaria* - calabash, and others that are inedible;
*Citrullus* - watermelon (*C. lanatus, C. colocynthis*) and others;
*Cucumis* - cucumber (*C. sativus*), various melons;
*Luffa* - luffa, loofah
cucurbitaceae
gourd/squash family
Tunicates, previously known as *Urochordata* or urochordates, are members of the *Tunicata*, a subphylum of the phylum *Chordata*. They are marine filter feeders with a saclike morphology. In their respiration and feeding they take in water through an incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through an excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile and attached to rocks or similarly suitable surfaces on the ocean floor; others such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes swim in the pelagic zone as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts or sea pork.
WIKIPEDIA:Tunicate
oopah
sea squirt
tunicata
tunicate
*Ascidiacea* (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a class in the Tunicata subphylum of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of the polysaccharide tunicin, as compared to other tunicates which are less rigid.
WIKIPEDIA:Ascidiacea
ascidiacea
sea squirts
ascidian
The brown bear (*Ursus arctos*) is a large bear distributed across much of northern Eurasia and North America. Adult bears generally weigh between 100 and 635 kg (220 and 1,400 lb) and its largest subspecies, the Kodiak bear, rivals the polar bear as the largest member of the bear family and as the largest land-based predator. There are several recognized subspecies within the brown bear species. In North America, two types are generally recognized, the coastal brown bear and the inland grizzly bear, and the two types could broadly define all brown bear subspecies.
WIKIPEDIA:Brown_bear
MSW3:14000970
Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758
ursus arctos
brown bear
The Kodiak bear (*Ursus arctos middendorffi*), also known as the Kodiak brown bear or the Alaskan grizzly bear or American brown bear, occupies the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in South-Western Alaska. Its name in the Alutiiq language is Taquka-aq. It is the largest subspecies of brown bear.
WIKIPEDIA:Kodiak_Bear
MSW3:14000982
Ursus arctos middendorffi Merriam, 1896
taquka-aq
ursus arctos middendorffi
kodiak bear
The grizzly bear (*Ursus arctos horribilis*), also known as the silvertip bear, the grizzly, or the North American brown bear, is a subspecies of brown bear (Ursus arctos) that generally lives in the uplands of western North America. This subspecies is thought to descend from Ussuri brown bears which crossed to Alaska from eastern Russia 100,000 years ago, though they did not move south until 13,000 years ago.
WIKIPEDIA:Grizzly_bear
MSW3:14000979
Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815
grizzly
north american brown bear
silvertip bear
ursus arctos horribilis
grizzly bear
The California golden bear or California grizzly (*Ursus arctos californicus*) is an extinct subspecies of the brown bear. The California golden bear disappeared from the state of California in 1922, when the last one was shot in Tulare County. In 1866, a grizzly weighing 2,200 pounds was killed in Valley Center, California, the largest grizzly killed in California.
WIKIPEDIA:California_golden_bear
MSW3:14000974
Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896
ursus arctos californicus
california golden bear
Chitons are small to large marine molluscs in the class *Polyplacophora*, which formerly was known as *Amphineura*. There are approximately 940 extant and 430 fossil species recognized. These molluscs are also sometimes commonly known as sea cradles or "coat-of-mail shells". They are also sometimes referred to more formally as loricates, polyplacophorans, and rarely as polyplacophores. Chitons have a dorsal shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another.
WIKIPEDIA:Polyplacophora
amphineura
chiton
chíton
loricate
polplacophore
polyplacophora
polyplacophoran
The White-winged Scoter (*Melanitta deglandi* or *Melanitta fusca deglandi*) is a large sea duck.
WIKIPEDIA:White-winged_scoter
Melanitta fusca deglandi (Bonaparte, 1850)
melanitta deglandi
melanitta fusca deglandi
white-winged scoter
*Umbridae* (mudminnows) are a family of *Actinopterygii*, ray-finned fish that inhabit freshwater environments in temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. They are generally small fish, with the largest species reaching 33 centimetres (13 in) in length, and most less than half that.
WIKIPEDIA:Umbridae
umbridae
mudminnow family
Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order *Strigiformes*, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the Northern Hawk Owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except Antarctica, most of Greenland and some remote islands. Though owls are typically solitary, the literary collective noun for a group of owls is a parliament. Owls are characterized by their small beaks and wide faces, and are divided into two families: the typical owls, *Strigidae*; and the barn-owls, *Tytonidae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigiformes
strigiformes
owl order
True owl or Typical owl (family *Strigidae*) are one of the two generally accepted families of Owls, the other being the barn owls (*Tytonidae*). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy unites the *Caprimulgiformes* with the owl order; here, the typical owls are a subfamily *Strigidae*. This is unsupported by more recent research (see *Cypselomorphae* for details), but the relationships of the owls in general are still unresolved. This large family comprises around 189 living species in 25 genera. The typical owls have a cosmopolitan distribution and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
WIKIPEDIA:Strigidae
strigidae
typical owl family
The *Polygonaceae* are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed-buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus *Polygonum*, and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have. It is derived from Greek; poly means many and goni means knee or joint.
WIKIPEDIA:Polygonaceae
polygonaceae
smartweed-buckwheat family
knotweed family
*Aconogonon alaskanum* is an Asian and North American species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family known by the common name Alaska wild-rhubarb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aconogonon_alaskanum]
PLANTS:POAL11
Aconogonon alaskanum (Small) Sojak
Polygonum alpinum All.
aconogonon alaskanum
polygonum alaskanum
alaska wild rhubarb plant
*Spermophilus* is a genus of ground squirrels in the family *Sciuridae*. The majority of ground squirrel species, over 40 in total, are usually placed in this genus. However, *Spermophilus* in the broad sense has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus
spermophilus
ground squirrel
The Arctic ground squirrel (*Urocitellus parryii*) is a species of ground squirrel native to the Arctic. People in Alaska, particularly around the Aleutians, refer to them as "Parka" (pronounced "par'kee") squirrels. probably because their pelt is good for making the fur edging on the hoods of Parka style jackets.
WIKIPEDIA:Spermophilus_parryii
Spermophilus parryii (Richardson, 1825)
spermophilus parryii
urocitellus parryii
arctic ground squirrel
Pattypan squash, sunburst squash, cibleme in Cajun French, white squash, scallopini or yellow squash in Australian English, is a summer squash (species *Cucurbita pepo*) notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, somewhat resembling a small toy top, or flying saucer.
WIKIPEDIA:Pattypan_squash
pattypan squash plant
scallop squash plant
Blue corn is a variety of Flint maize grown in northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States, particularly in the states of Arizona and New Mexico.
WIKIPEDIA:Blue_corn
Hopi maize
Zea mays ssp. mays L.
Zea mays subsp. mays
Rio Grande Blue
Tarahumara Maiz Azul
Yoeme Blue
zea mays indurata (not acc.)
zea mays ssp. mays
blue corn plant
*Eriophorum* (cottongrass, cotton-grass or cottonsedge) is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the family *Cyperaceae*, the sedge family. They are found throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere in acid bog habitats, being particularly abundant in Arctic tundra regions.
WIKIPEDIA:Cottongrass
cotton-grass
cottonsedge
eriophorum
mouse nuts
cottongrass plant
fucales
wracks
Choy sum or choi sum also known as the Chinese Flowering Cabbage, literally means vegetable heart in Cantonese if directly translated. Chinese Flowering Cabbage (*Brassica rapa* var. *parachinensis* or *Brassica chinensis* var. *parachinensis*) is a member of the *Brassica* genus and the *Brassicaceae* (mustard) family.
WIKIPEDIA:Choy_sum
Brassica rapa var. parachinensis (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
brassica rapa var. parachinensis
chinese flowering cabbage
choisum
false pak-choi
flowering white cabbage
mock pak-choi
choy sum plant
Tatsoi (*Brassica narinosa* or *Brassica rapa* var. *rosularis*), also called Spinach mustard, Spoon mustard, or Rosette bok choy, is an Asian variety of *Brassica rapa* grown for greens. This plant has become popular in North American cuisine as well, and is now grown throughout the world.
WIKIPEDIA:Tatsoi
brassica narinosa
brassica rapa var. rosularis
spinach mustard
spoon mustard
tatsoi plant
Buttercup squash is one of the most common varieties of this winter squash, with a turban shape (a flattish top and dark green skin), weighing three to five pounds, and normally heavy with dense, yellow-orange flesh.
WIKIPEDIA:Cucurbita_maxima
cucurbita maxima var. buttercup
buttercup squash plant
Western Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. demissa) is a native tree or shrub that grows in northern, southern and central California. It is fast growing and short-lived. It grows in an upright form to a height of 20 feet, with active growth during the spring and summer
PLANTS:PRVID
Cerisier du Pacifique
western choke cherry
Prunus virginiana L. var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr.
prunus virginiana var. demissa
western chokeberry plant
*Collocalia* is a genus of swifts, containing some of the smaller species termed "swiftlets". Formerly a catch-all genus for these, a number of its erstwhile members are now normally (though not by all authors) placed in *Aerodramus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia
aerodramus
collocalia
swiftlet
apodidae
swift
Marrowfat peas are green mature peas that have been allowed to dry out naturally in the field, rather than be harvested whilst still young like the normal garden pea. They are used to make mushy peas and also the snack food wasabi peas.
Marrowfat is a traditional, starchy, large-seeded variety of pea (*Pisum sativum* var. *medullare*). The word was coined around 1730 from marrow + fat.
WIKIPEDIA:Marrowfat_pea
Pisum sativum L. convar. medullare Alef.
pisum sativum var. medullare
marrowfat pea plant
sepiolidae
bobtail squid
white beech
Hypsizygus tessulatus
Hypsizygus tessulatus (Bull.) Singer
Bunapi-shimeji was selected from UV-irradiated buna-shimeji (brown beech mushroom) and the breed was registered as 'hokuto shiro #1' by Hokuto Corporation.
Lyophyllum shimeji (Kawam.) Hongo
honshimeji
lyophyllum shimeji
A mycorrhizal fungus (Lyophyllum shimeji) which is difficult to cultivate.
Agaricus arvensis Schaeff., 1774
Sheep Polypore
Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.) Kotl. & Pouzar 1957
Albatrellus ovinus
A terrestrial polypore fungus found in western North America, and Northern Europe. It is very closely related to the more common A. subrubescens, from which it may be distinguished microscopically by the amyloid spore wall.
Caesar's mushroom
Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers. 1801
caesar's amanita
A highly regarded edible mushroom in the genus Amanita, native to southern Europe and North Africa.
It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stipe. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it Boletus, a name now applied to a very different type of fungus. First described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772. [Wikipedia]
pine bolete
Boletus pinophilus Pilát & Dermek 1973
A basidiomycete fungus of the genus Boletus found throughout Europe. The large, edible fruiting bodies known as mushrooms appear under pine trees, generally in summer and autumn.
It has a matte brown to maroon-coloured cap and its stem is often large and swollen, and the overall colour may have an orange-red tinge. As with other boletes, the size of the fruiting body is variable. Boletus pinophilus is edible, and may be preserved and cooked. [Wikipedia]
Boletus aestivalis
Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 1774
A basidiomycete fungus of the genus Boletus, occuring in deciduous forests of Europe where it forms a symbiotic mycorrhizal relationship with species of oak (Quercus). The fungus produces fruiting bodies in the summer months which are edible and popularly collected.
Cantharellus pallens Pilát 1959
A fungus often taken to be just a variety of Cantharellus cibarius var. pallens, but unlike "true" Cantharellus cibarius it yellows and then reddens when touched and has a weaker smell. Eyssartier and Roux classify it as a separate species but say that 90% of the chanterelles sold in French markets are this, not *Cantharellus cibarius*.
trombetta dei morti
trompette de la mort
trumpet of the dead
Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers. 1825
Cantharellus cornucopioides
An edible mushroom of genus Craterellus shaped like a horn.
A species of mushroom closely related to Craterellus tubaeformis. Its hymenium is usually orange or white, whereas the hymenium of C. tubaeformis is grey. C. lutescens is also usually found in wetlands.
Cantharellus aurora
Cantharellus lutescens
autumn chanterelle
chanterelle jaune
golden chanterelle
Craterellus lutescens (Fr.) Fr. 1838
craterellus lutescens
yellow foot
yellowfoot chanterelle
Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél. 1888
An edible fungus, smaller than the golden chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and has a dark brown cap with paler gills and a hollow yellow stem.
"It is mycorrhizal, forming symbiotic associations with plants, making it very challenging to cultivate. ... Craterellus tubaeformis tastes stronger but less fruity than the golden chanterelle. It has a very distinctive smokey, peppery taste when raw. " - Wikipedia
*Dipteryx alata* (Baru) is a species of legume in the family *Fabaceae*. It is a large tree, usually referred to as "Baruzeiro" (Baru tree) in Portuguese and its fruits or almond-like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru, Cumbaru, Barujo, Coco-feijão, Cumarurana, Emburena-brava, Feijão-coco, and Pau-cumaru.
It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil, and the Chiquitano region of eastern Bolivia, and is threatened by habitat loss. Historically it has been used as lumber, for charcoal production and for shade in pastures. The fruits are used as feed for cattle bovine and are also an important food source for small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. They are also consumed by people.
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_alata
Dipteryx alata Vogel
barujo
coco-feijão
cumaru
cumarurana
cumbaru
dipteryx alata
emburena-brava
feijão-coco
pau-cumaru
baru plant
*Anacardium othonianum* is a tree native from the tropical savanna (cerrado) region of Brazil, whose fruit is similar to (but smaller than) that of the common cashew tree (*Anacardium occidentale*) of the Brazilian Northeast. It is locally known by the Tupi-derived name cajuí, and by the Portuguese names caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado ("tree cashew of the cerrado"),[1] caju-vermelho-de-goiás ("red cashew from Goiás"),[2] cajuzinho-do-cerrado or just cajuzinho ("little cashew"). Anacardium othonianum Rizzini [The Plant List, KEW-2635918]
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_othonianum
anacardium othonianum
caju-de-árvore-do-cerrado
cajuzinho
cajuzinho-do-cerrado
cajuí
little cashew
caju-docerrado plant
bearded hedgehog mushroom
monkey head mushroom
satyr's beard
Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. 1797
An edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe and Asia it can be identified by its long spines (greater than 1 cm length), its appearance on hardwoods and its tendency to grow a single clump of dangling spines.
hedgehog
Hydnum repandum L. 1753
pied de mouton
sweet tooth
A basidiomycete fungus of genus Hydnum. The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) that are characterized by their spore-bearing structures—in the form of spines rather than gills—which hang down from the underside of the cap.
Hydnum rufescens Pers. 1800
An edible basidiomycete of the family Hydnaceae. It belongs to the small group of mushrooms often referred to as the tooth fungi, which produce fruit bodies whose cap undersurfaces are covered by hymenophores resembling spines or teeth, and not pores or gills.
Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer 1948
A basidiomycete fungus with a large, prominent fruiting body resembling a parasol. It is a fairly common species on well-drained soils. It is found solitary or in groups and fairy rings in pastures and occasionally in woodland. Globally, it is widespread in temperate regions.
A species of fungus in the *Morchellaceae* family of the *Ascomycota*. It is one of the most readily recognized of all the edible mushrooms and highly sought after.
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers 1801
tamogitake
Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer 1942
An edible gilled fungus native to eastern Russia, northern China, and Japan, the golden oyster mushroom is very closely related to *Pleurotus cornucopiae* of Europe, with some authors considering them to be at the rank of subspecies.
Pleurotus djamor (Rumph. ex Fr.) Boedijn 1959
The rheas are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order *Rheiformes*, native to South America, related to the ostrich and emu. There are two extant species: the greater or American rhea and the lesser or Darwin's rhea.
WIKIPEDIA:Rhea_(bird)
pterocnemia pennata
rhea americana
rheidae
rhea
Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the *Osteoglossoidei* and the *Notopteroidei*. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoglossiformes]
bonytongues
osteoglossiformes
fish, osteoglossiform
The mooneyes are a family, the *Hiodontidae*, of ray-finned fish comprising two living and three extinct species in the genus *Hiodon*. They are large-eyed, fork-tailed fish that physically resemble shads. Their common name comes from the metallic gold or silver shine of their eyes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooneye]
hiodontidae
mooneye
mooneye family
The fulmars are tubenosed seabirds of the family *Procellariidae*. The family consists of two extant species and two extinct fossils from the Miocene.</br>The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*) or just fulmar lives in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, whereas the southern fulmar, (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is, as its name implies, a bird of the Southern Ocean. Fulmars superficially resemble gulls, but are readily distinguished by their flight on stiff wings, and their tube noses. They breed on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge of bare rock. Outside the breeding season, they are pelagic, feeding on fish, squid and shrimp in the open ocean.
WIKIPEDIA:Fulmar
fulmarus spp.
fulmar
Balaenoptera, from the Latin *balaena* (whale) and *pteron* (fin), is a genus of *Balaenopteridae*, the rorquals, and contains eight extant species. The species *Balaenoptera omurai* was published in 2003. *Balaenoptera* is the most diverse genus of its family, the only other member being the Humpback Whale, *Megaptera novaeangliae*.
WIKIPEDIA:Balaenoptera
balaenoptera spp.
baleen whale
finback whale
rorquals
minke whale
negibacteria
posibacteria
actinobacteridae
cytophagia
tenericutes
gammaproteobacteria
alphaproteobacteria
spirochaetae
spirochaetes
loxodonta spp.
african elephant
*Argania* is a genus of flowering plants containing the sole species *Argania spinosa*, known as argan, a tree endemic to the calcareous semidesert Sous valley of southwestern Morocco. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argania]
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels
argania
argania spinosa
argan plant
sciaena
black drums
*Argopecten purpuratus*, common name the "Peruvian scallop", is an edible species of saltwater clam, a scallop, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family *Pectinidae*, the scallops. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argopecten_purpuratus]
Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819)
argopecten purpuratus
peruvian scallop
peruvian calico scallop
*Fucus* is a genus of brown algae found in the intertidal zones of rocky seashores almost throughout the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucus]
fucus
*Gracilaria* is a genus of red algae (*Rhodophyta*) notable for its economic importance as an *agarophyte*, as well as its use as a food for humans and various species of shellfish. Various species within the genus are cultivated among Asia, South America, Africa and Oceania. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracilaria]
<NOTES>According to WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species) and AlgaeBase, *Gracilaria verrucosa* is a synonym for *Gracilariopsis longissima* (S.G.Gmelin) M.Steentoft, L.M.Irvine & W.F.Farnham, 1995 [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=163501] [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=J0a5b7966681b2c38&sk=0&from=results], and according to [http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Gracilaria_verrucosa_(PROSEA)], dried *Gracilaria verrucosa* can also contain *G. gracilis*, G. confervoides* and *Gracilariopsis longissima*. So it is safer to index at the Genus level (*Gracilaria* spp.).
gracilaria spp.
gracilaria
*Phalangeriformes*, or possums, any of a number of arboreal marsupial species native to Australia, New Guinea, and Sulawesi:
- Phalangeridae (possums and cuscuses), a family of mammals native to Australia and New Guinea containing most of the species referred to as "possums" in Australia
- Common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a common possum in Australian urban areas, invasive in New Zealand
- Common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), also common in Australian urban areas, absent from New Zealand
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possum]
brushtail possum
phalangeridae
phalangeriformes
pseudocheirus spp.
trichosurus spp.
possum
*Sirenia*, commonly referred to as sea cows, is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters. *irenia* comprises the families *Dugongidae* (the dugong) and *Trichechidae* (manatees) with a total of four species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirenia]
sirenia
sea cow
Manatees (family *Trichechidae*, genus *Trichechus*) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows. There are three accepted living species of *Trichechidae*, representing three of the four living species in the order Sirenia: the Amazonian manatee (*Trichechus inunguis*), the West Indian manatee (*Trichechus manatus*), and the West African manatee (*Trichechus senegalensis*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manatee]
trichechidae
trichechus
manatee
The Australian bustard (*Ardeotis australis*) is a large ground bird of grassland, woodland and open agricultural country across northern Australia and southern New Guinea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_bustard]
Ardeotis australis (J. E. Gray, 1829)
ardeotis australis
australian bustard
The common name of several large lizard species, comprising the genus *Varanus*. They are native to Africa, Asia and Oceania, but are now found also in the Americas as an invasive species. A total of 79 species are currently recognized.
varanidae
varanus
monitor lizard
*Amphibolurus* lizards inhabit woodlands in temperate and semiarid areas, as well as riverine vegetation in the tropical areas of Australia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibolurus
dragon
Amphibolurus Wagler, 1830
amphibolurus
dragon lizard
The genus *Pseudechis* contains the group of elapids commonly referred to as the black snakes. These snakes are found in every Australian state with the exception of Tasmania and some species are found in Papua New Guinea. The most recognisable and widespread species in the genus are the red-bellied black snake (*Pseudechis porphyriacus*) and the Mulga snake (king brown) (*Pseudechis australis*).
pseudechis
black snake
*Chelodina*, collectively known as snake-necked turtles, is an ancient group of Chelid turtles native to Australia, New Guinea, the Indonesian Rote Island, and East Timor.
Chelodina Fitzinger, 1826
chelodina
snake-necked turtle
A sea turtle located along the sandy beaches and shallow coastal waters of Australia. They can only be found in the waters around the Australian continental shelf.
Natator depressus
flatback sea turtle
northern flatback turtle
Natator depressa (Garman, 1880)
Natator depressus (Garman, 1880)
chelonia depressa
natator depressus
flatback turtle
*Elseya* is a genus of large side-necked turtles, commonly known as Australian snapping turtles, in the family *Chelidae*. Species in the genus *Elseya* are found in river systems in northern and northeastern Australia and throughout the river systems of New Guinea.
Elseya Gray, 1867
elseya
australian snapping turtle
A family of freshwater crayfish found in the southern hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica.
parastacidae
southern hemisphere crayfish family
The most widespread genus of fully aquatic crayfish in the Southern Hemisphere. The most common and widely distributed species in Australia is the common yabby (*Cherax destructor*). The genus contains 57 species.
Cherax spp. except Cherax quadricarinatus, Cherax cainii & Cherax tenuimanus
yabby crayfish
cherax
*Plebidonax deltoides* (previously *Donax deltoides*) is a small, edible saltwater clam or marine bivalve mollusc of the family *Donacidae*, endemic to Australia. It is most widely known as the pipi in the eastern states of its native Australia, and as the Goolwa cockle or Coorong cockle in South Australia.
Donax deltoides Lamarck, 1818
donax deltoides
plebidonax deltoides
goolwa donax
Polymesoda is a genus of clams in the family Corbiculidae, or alternately, the Cyrenidae.
polymesoda
marshclam
mud mussel
The shipworms are marine bivalve molluscs in the family *Teredinidae*: a group of saltwater clams with long, soft, naked bodies. They are notorious for boring into (and commonly eventually destroying) wood that is immersed in sea water.
teredo
shipworm
The *Unionidae* are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order *Unionoida*, the bivalve mollusks sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.
unionidae
unionids
river mussel
A genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family *Trochidae*, the top snails.
monodonta
Monodonta Lamarck, 1799
top snail
monodont
*Nerita* is a genus of medium-sized to small sea snails with a gill and an operculum, marine gastropod molluscs in the family *Neritidae*, the nerites.
nerita
Nerita Linnaeus, 1758
nerite
A genus of small air-breathing salt marsh snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ellobiidae.
ellobiidae
cassidula
A genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Potamididae. They are perfect cone-shaped shells.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescopium_(gastropod)
Telescopium
Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758)
telescope snail
Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in saltwater, in other words marine gastropods. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.
marine gastropod
sea slug
sea snail
Terebralia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Potamididae.
Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767)
Terebralia semistriata (Mörch, 1852)
Terebralia sulcata (Born, 1778)
terebralia palustris
mud creeper
mud whelk
*Acanthopleura* is a genus of chitons in the family *Chitonidae*. In this genus the girdle is spiny or spiky. It has eight described species at present.
acanthopleura
spiny chiton
Honeypot ants, also called honey ants, are ants which have specialized workers that are gorged with food by workers to the point that their abdomens swell enormously. Honeypot ants belong to any of several genera, including *Myrmecocystus* and *Camponotus*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_ant]
camponotus
honey ant
melophorus
myrmecocystus
honeypot ant
Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order *Lepidoptera*. Most lepidopterans are moths; and there are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which are yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moth]
agrotis
butterfly
cossidae
moth
Beetles are a group of insects that form the order *Coleoptera*, in the superorder *Endopterygota*. Their front pair of wings is hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The *Coleoptera*, with about 400,000 species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described insects and 25% of all known animal life-forms; new species are discovered frequently. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle]
coleoptera
passilidae spp.
beetle
The *Hemiptera* or true bugs are an order of insects comprising some 50,000 to 80,000 species of groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs. They range in size from 1 mm (0.04 in) to around 15 cm (6 in), and share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiptera]
hemiptera
true bug
plant louse
The Bush coconut, or bloodwood apple, is an Australian bush tucker food, often eaten by Aborigines of Central Australia. The bush coconut is, in fact, a combination of plant and animal: an adultpores female scale insect, *Cystococcus pomiformis*, lives in a gall induced on a bloodwood eucalypt (*Corymbia terminalis*). The gall looks like a small, knobbly woody fruit, ranging in size from a golf ball to a tennis ball, with a milky white flesh inside upon which the insect and its male offspring feed. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_coconut]
bush coconut
cystococcus spp.
bloodwood apple
A puffball is a member of any of several groups of fungi in the division *Basidiomycota*. Puffballs encompass several genera, including *Calvatia*, *Calbovista* and *Lycoperdon*. True puffballs do not have a visible stalk (stem). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puffball]
calbovista
calvatia
lycoperson
puffball
Mimusops zeyheri Sond.
mimusops zeyheri
transwaal red milkwood plant
*Cissus* is a genus of approximately 350 species of lianas (woody vines) in the grape family (*Vitaceae)*. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, though the majority are to be found in the tropics. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissus]
cissus spp.
cissus grape plant
*Ampelocissus* is a genus of *Vitaceae* having 90 or more species found variously in tropical Africa, Asia, Central America, and Oceania. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampelocissus]
ampelocissus grape plant
*Uvaria* is a genus of flowering plants in the soursop family, *Annonaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvaria]
uvaria spp.
custard finger plant
The Small-leaved Tamarind is a medium-sized, rainforest tree growing 18 to 30 m in height. The fruits are hairless, yellow-brown capsules, 3-5 cm in diameter, usually with two lobes. Each lobe contains a single, round seed surrounded by thick bright orange/red or yellow flesh. [http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=21484]
SPRAT:21484
Diploglottis campbellii Cheel.
diploglottis campbellii
small-leaved tamarind plant
Midgen Berry, Midyim, or *Austromyrtus dulcis* is a spreading heathland shrub native to eastern Australia. The berries are a popular traditional bushfood, eaten by indigenous Australians and non-indigenous people. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austromyrtus_dulcis]
Austromyrtus dulcis (C. T. White) L. S. Sm.
austromyrtus dulcis
midgen-berry
midyim
midgen berry plant
*Billardiera scandens*, commonly known as Apple Berry or Apple Dumpling, is a small shrub or twining plant of the *Pittosporaceae* family which occurs in forests in the coastal and tableland areas of all states and territories in Australia, apart from the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The fruits, which only ripen after dropping to the ground, are valued as an Australian bush food and are variously described as tasting like stewed apples or kiwifruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billardiera_scandens]
Billardiera scandens Sm.
apple dumpling
apple-berry
billardiera scandens
apple berry plant
PLANTS:BUCHA
Buchanania Spreng.
Buchanania spp.
buchanaria spp.
wild mango
buchanania plant
*Carpobrotus*, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, and Hottentot plant, is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name refers to the edible fruits. The genus includes some 12 to 20 accepted species. Most are South African, endemics, but there are at least four Australian species and one South American. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpobrotus
carpobrotus
fig-marigold
hottentot fig
hottentot plant
ice plant
pigface plant
*Cassytha* is a genus of some two dozen species of obligately parasitic vines in the family *Lauraceae*. The fruit of various species are eaten, both by birds and by humans, and *Cassytha melantha* in particular has been documented as a wild-harvested Australian indigenous food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassytha]
Lauraceae
cassytha
dodder-laurel
dodderlaurel
cassytha plant
*Cordia* is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, *Boraginaceae. It contains about 300 species of shrubs and trees that are found worldwide, mostly in warmer regions. A number of the tropical species have edible fruits [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordia]
cordia
cordia plant
*Davidsonia* is a genus containing three rainforest tree species that are commonly known as the Davidson or Davidson's plum. The fruits superficially resemble the European plum, but are not closely related. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidsonia]
Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell.
davidson's plum
davidsonia pruriens
davidsonia-plum
do-rog
davidson plum plant
*Elaeocarpus* is a genus of tropical and subtropical evergreen trees and shrubs. The approximately 350 species are distributed from Madagascar in the west through India, Southeast Asia, Malaysia, southern China, and Japan, through Australia to New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east. The islands of Borneo and New Guinea have the greatest concentration of species. These trees are well-known for their attractive, pearl-like fruit which are often colorful. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeocarpus]
elaeocarpus spp.
quandong
elaeocarpus plant
*Santalum acuminatum*, the desert quandong, is a hemiparasitic plant in the Sandalwood family *Santalaceae*, widely dispersed throughout the central deserts and southern areas of Australia. The species, especially its fruit, is also referred to as quandong or native peach. The use of the fruit as an exotic flavouring, one of the best known bushfoods, has led to the attempted domestication of the species.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum_acuminatum]
Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) A. DC.
burn-burn
desert quandong
native peach
santalum acuminatum
sweet ouandong
sweet quandong
western quandong
quandong plant
*Elaeocarpus angustifolius* is a rainforest tree in the *Elaeocarpaceae* family, bearing bitter edible fruit. It is commonly known as blue marble tree, and also as blue fig or blue quandong, although it is not closely related to figs. The junior synonym Elaeocarpus grandis, from a later description of the species by Ferdinand von Mueller, is also frequently found. A large tree up to 50 metres tall, usually with elaborate buttressed roots. It is found in the eastern Australian States Queensland and New South Wales and New Caledonia. The fruit of this species is round and blue, between 20 and 30 mm across, and has a seed with deep convolutions in its shell.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeocarpus_angustifolius]
Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.
blue fig
blue marble
elaeocarpus angustifolius
elaeocarpus grandis
elaeocarpus sphaericus
blue quandong plant
*Flacourtia is a genus of flowering plants in the willow family, *Salicaceae*. It contains 15 species of shrubs and small trees that are native to the African and Asian tropics and subtropics. Several species, especially *Flacourtia indica*, are cultivated as ornamentals and for their fruits. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flacourtia]
flacourtia spp.
flacourtia plant
*Parinari nonda* is a shrub or small tree in the family *Chrysobalanaceae*.[2] It occurs in northern Australia and New Guinea.[3] The edible fruits are harvested in the wild. Common names include nonda plum, nonda tree, nunda plum and parinari.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinari_nonda]
nonda-tree
parinari
parinari nonda
solomon island parinari
nonda plum plant
*Passiflora*, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 500 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family *Passifloraceae*. They are mostly vines, with some being shrubs, and a few species being herbaceous. For information about the fruit of the passiflora plant, see *PASSION FRUIT*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora]
passiflora spp.
passionflower plant
*Persoonia* is a genus of 98 species of shrubs and small trees in the subfamily *Persoonioideae* in the large and diverse plant family *Proteaceae*. In the eastern states of Australia, they are commonly known as geebungs, while in Western Australia and South Australia they go by the common name snottygobbles. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoonia]
Persoonia Sm.
persoonia spp.
geebung plant
*Planchonella* is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, *Sapotaceae*. The genus is included in the larger genus *Pouteria* or *Sideroxylon* L.by some authorities [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planchonella]
APNI:63392
PLANTS:SIDER2
Planchonella Pierre
Sideroxylon L.
black-apple
buklly
planchonella spp.
pouteria
sideroxylon
bumelia plant
*Planchonia careya* is a tree species in the family *Lecythidaceae*. Common names include cocky apple, cockatoo apple and billygoat plum. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planchonia_careya]
Lecythidaceae
Planchonia careya (F. Muell.) R. Knuth
billigoat apple
cockatoo apple
cocky-apple
planchonia careya
cocky apple plant
*Pleiogynium timorense*, commonly known as the Burdekin plum, is a medium-sized fruit-bearing tree native to Malesia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiogynium_timoriense]
Anacardiaceae
Pleiogynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh.
burdekin-plum
pleiogynium timoriense
burdekin plum plant
ximenia spp.
ximenia plant
*Syzygium* is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, *Myrtaceae*. The genus comprises about 1200-1800 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific. Several species of *Syzygium* bear fruit that are edible for humans, many of which are named "roseapple". Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies, brush cherries or satinash. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium]
brush cherry
lillipilli
satinash
syzygium spp.
syzygium plant
*Syzygium australe*, with many common names that include brush cherry, scrub cherry, creek lilly-pilly, creek satinash, and watergum, is a rainforest tree native to eastern Australia. The pleasantly sour fruit are also eaten fresh or cooked. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_australe]
Syzygium australe (J. C. Wendl. ex Link) B. Hyland
creek lilli-pilli
creek satinash
syzygium australe
watergum
scrub cherry plant
*Panicum decompositum*, known by the common names native millet, Australian millet, papa grass, and umbrella grass, is a species of grass native to the inland of Australia. Native millet is a staple food of outback Aborigines, who hand-harvest the seed to make damper, a traditional soda bread. Farmers also highly prize the grass as pasture for stock. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicum_decompositum]
PLANTS:PADE18
Panicum decompositum R. Br.
Whiteochloa cymbiformis (Hughes) B. K. Simon
panicum australianse
panicum cymbiforme
panicum decompositum
whiteochloa cymbiformis
australian millet plant
*Sterculia quadrifida*, also known as the peanut tree, or red-fruited kurrajong is a small tree that grows in the rainforests, vine thickets and gallery forests of coastal Queensland, the Northern Territory and north-eastern New South Wales. Seed pods contain up to 8 black seeds that are edible and taste like raw peanuts. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida]
Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.
red-fruit kurrajong
sterculia quadrifida
peanut tree
*Podocarpus* is a genus of conifers, the most numerous and widely distributed of the podocarp family, *Podocarpaceae*. The genus occurs from southern Chile north to Mexico in the Americas and from New Zealand north to Japan in the Asia-Pacific region. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocarpus]
alpine pine
podocarpus spp.
brown pine plant
*Araucaria* is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family *Araucariaceae*. There are 19 extant species in New Caledonia (where 13 species are endemic), Norfolk Island, eastern Australia, New Guinea, Argentina, Chile, and southern Brazil. The edible large seeds of *Araucaria araucana*, *Araucaria angustifolia* and *Araucaria bidwillii* - also known as Araucaria nuts, and often called, although improperly, pine nuts - are eaten as food (particularly among the Mapuche people and Native Australians). In South America Araucaria nuts or seeds are called piñas [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucaria]
PLANTS:ARAUC2
Araucaria
Araucaria Juss.
Araucaria spp.
araucaria spp.
auracaria nut
araucaria tree
*Athertonia diversifolia*, commonly known as Atherton Oak, is a small to medium-sized rainforest tree of the family *Proteaceae* found in northern Queensland, Australia. A relative of the macadamia, it has potential as an ornamental tree and has an edible nut.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athertonia_diversifolia]
athertonia diversifolia
atherton oak plant
*Beilschmiedia bancroftii* is a tree species in the *Lauraceae* family. It is native to Queensland in Australia. Though the seeds are toxic when fresh, they were used by indigenous Australians following treatment. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii]
Beilschmiedia bancroftii (F. M. Bailey) C. T. White
beilschmiedia bancrofti
canary-ash
yellow walnut
yellownut plant
*Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia* is a small tree in the family *Proteaceae*. This rare species is native to subtropical rainforest in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia. Common names include red bopple nut, monkey nut, red nut, beef nut, rose nut and ivory silky oak. The tree produces fleshy, red, fruits during spring and summer. These contain edible seeds. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia]
Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia F. Muell.
beef nut
hicksbeachia pinnatifolia
ivory silky oak
red bopple nut
red nut
rose nut
monkeynut plant
*Elaeocarpus bancroftii* is a species of plant native to Queensland in Australia. Common names include Kuranda quandong, ebony heart, grey nut, nut tree, nutwood and Johnstone River almond. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii]
Elaeocarpus bancroftii F. Muell. & F. M. Bailey
ebony-heart
elaeocarpus bancroftii
greynut
kuranda quandong
nut-tree
johnstone river almond plant
*Hornstedtia* is a genus of plants in the Zingiberaceae*. It is native to Southeast Asia, the Himalayas, southern China, New Guinea, Melanesia and Queensland. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornstedtia]
Hornstedtia spp.
hornstedtia spp.
red ginger plant
*Alpinia caerulea*, native ginger, is an understorey perennial herb to 3 m, growing under rainforest, gallery forest and wet sclerophyll forest canopy in eastern Australia. Family: *Zingiberaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_caerulea]
Alpinia caerulea (R. Br.) Benth.
alpinia caerulea
wild ginger
native ginger plant
Mistletoe is the most common name for most obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order *Santalales*. Mistletoes attach to and penetrate the branches of a tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they absorb water and nutrients from the host plant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistletoe]
santalales
mistletoe plant
*Amyema* is a genus of semi-parasitic shrubs (mistletoes) which occur in Malesia and Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyema]
amyema spp.
amyema plant
*Amyema pendula*, also known as drooping mistletoe or furry drooping mistletoe, is a species of flowering plant, an epiphytic hemiparasitic plant of the family *Loranthaceae*, found attached to several species of Australian eucalypt and occasionally on some species of Acacia.[]
Amyema pendula (Sieber ex Spreng.) Tiegh.
amyema pendula
furry drooping mistletoe
drooping mistletoe plant
Common name: Australian Nutmeg; Nutmeg; Native Nutmeg; Queensland Nutmeg.
[http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Myristica_insipida.htm]
australian nutmeg
myristica insipida
native nutmeg
queensland nutmeg plant
*Capparis* is a flowering plant genus in the family *Capparaceae* . These plants are shrubs or lianas and are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. *Capparis spinosa*, simply known as caper, yields fruit and more importantly flower buds, which are widely used pickled as a vegetable condiment. The fruit of other species, such as karir (*Capparis decidua*), are also used for cooking; *Capparis mitchellii* and the Wild passionfruit (the local subspecies of *Capparis spinosa*) are well-known bush tucker in Australia. Mabinlang seeds (*Capparis masaikai*) are eaten as sweets. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis]
capparis
caperbush plant
*Eupomatia laurina*, commonly named Bolwarra or sometimes native guava or copper laurel is a species of shrubs to small trees, of the Australian continent ancient plant family *Eupomatiaceae*. The sweet, aromatic fruit is used as a spice-fruit in cooking, being included in beverages, jams and desserts. It is best used in combination with other ingredients that compliment its strong flavour, and hence should be considered one of the Australian spices. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupomatia_laurina]
Eupomatia laurina R. Br.
bolwara
copper-laurel
eupomatia laurina
native guava
copper laurel plant
*Commelina cyanea*, commonly known as scurvy weed, is a perennial prostrate herb of the family *Commelinaceae* native to moist forests and woodlands of eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. The leaves are used as an edible vegetable. The leaves were used by early non-indigenous colonists to alleviate scurvy, and hence its common name. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commelina_cyanea]
Commelinaceae
commelina
commelina cyanea
scurvy weed plant
*Cyathea* is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order *Cyatheales*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyathea]
Cyatheaceae
cyathea spp.
treefern
tree fern plant
*Livistona* is a genus of palms (family *Arecaceae*), native to southern and southeastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livistona]
cabbage tree palm
livistona
sand palm
livistona plant
The term bush tomato refers to the fruit or entire plants of certain nightshade (*Solanum*) species native to the more arid parts of Australia. Some of the edible species are: *Solanum aviculare*, *Solanum centrale*, *Solanum chippendalei*, *Solanum coactiliferum*, *Solanum diversiflorum*, *Solanum ellipticum*, *Solanum laciniatum*, *Solanum orbiculatum*, *Solanum phlomoides*, *Solanum vescum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_tomato]
PLANTS:SOLAN
Solanum
Solanum L.
Solanum spp.
solanum spp.
bush tomato plant
*Eriosema* is a genus of legume in the *Fabaceae* family. Accepted species number over 150. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriosema]
PLANTS:ERIOS8
Eriosema (DC.) D. Don
Eriosema (DC.) Desv.
Eriosema spp.
eriosema spp.
sand pea plant
The *Cyperaceae* are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the Carex genus of "true sedges" with over 2,000 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperaceae]
sedge plant
*Cyperus bulbosus* is a species of sedge found across Africa, the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Australia. In Australia, it is commonly called (Australian) bush onion or "wild onion", but is not related to the onion or other *Alliaceae*. It is a component of Australian bushfood, but is considered an agricultural weed in other areas.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyperus_bulbosus]
australian bush onion
cyperus bulbosus
cyperus spp.
wild onion
bush onion plant
*Fimbristylis* is a genus of sedges. A plant in this genus may be known commonly as a fimbry, fimbristyle, or fringe-rush. There are 200 to 300 species distributed worldwide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimbristylis]
fimbristyle
fimbristylis spp.
fringe-rush
fimbry plant
*Gahnia* (sawsedge, saw-sedge) is a genus of sedges native to China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and a number of Pacific Islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahnia]
gahnia spp.
saw-sedge
sawsedge plant
*Arthropodium* is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the subfamily *Lomandroideae* of the family *Asparagaceae*. It is native to Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Madagascar. The rhizomes of some species can be eaten as root vegetables, including *Arthropodium cirratum*, *Arthropodium milleflorum*, *Arthropodium minus*, and *Arthropodium strictum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodium]
Asparagaceae
arthropodium spp.
rocklily plant
*Bulbine bulbosa*, commonly known as bulbine lily, is a flowering plant in the genus *Bulbine*. It is endemic to Australia. The corms of mature plants are nutritious, containing calcium and iron, and were used as food by the Aborigines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbine_bulbosa]
Bulbine bulbosa (R. Br.) Haw.
Xanthorrhoeaceae
bulbine-lily plant
*Eustrephus* is a monotypic genus in the family *Asparagaceae*, subfamily *Lomandroideae*. *Eustrephus latifolius*, commonly named wombat berry, is the sole species of evergreen vines which grow naturally in Malesia, the Pacific Islands and eastern Australia. The tubers are eaten baked, and have an earthy sweet flavour. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eustrephus]
Asparagaceae
Eustrephus latifolius R. Br.
eustrephus latifolius
orangevine
wombat berry plant
*Trachymene incisa*, wild parsnip, is a perennial herb native to eastern Australia growing in sclerophyll forest and cleared areas, with a preference for sandy soils and rock crevices. The roots are a traditional Aboriginal bushfood, and are eaten after baking in campfire coals or in earth ovens. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachymene_incisa]
Araliaceae
trachymene incisa
wild parsnip plant
*Dioscorea transversa*, Pencil yam, is a vine of eastern and northern Australia. The tubers are a staple food of Australian Aboriginals and are eaten after cooking, usually in ground ovens. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_transversa]
Dioscorea transversa R. Br.
dioscorea transversa
pencil yam
long yam plant
Cycads are widely distributed across the globe and have long been exploited by people as a source of food and medicine. They contain a large amount of starch in roots, stem, seeds as well as many bioactive compounds. [http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/PlantNet/cycad/ethn.html]
cycadopsida
cycad plant
*Bowenia*, genus of two extant and two extinct species of palmlike cycads (family *Stangeriaceae*, not accepted, should be *Zamiaceae*). The genus is endemic to Australia, and both living species are found in Queensland. Both the Byfield fern (*Bowenia serrulata*) and *Bowenia spectabilis* are sometimes cultivated as ornamentals in greenhouses and outdoors in warmer climates.https://global.britannica.com/plant/Bowenia]
bovenia spp.
bowenia plant
*Macrozamia* is a genus of 38-40 species of cycads, in the family *Zamiaceae*, all endemic to Australia. The common name burrawang, originally referring to *Macrozamia communis* in the Daruk Australian Aboriginal language, is often used for all the species in the genus. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrozamia]
burrawang
macrozamia spp.
burrawong plant
*Cycas* is the type genus and the only genus recognised in the family *Cycadaceae*. About 113 species are accepted. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycas]
cycas spp.
cycas plant
*Lepidozamia* is a genus of two species of cycad, both endemic to Australia. *Lepidozamia hopei* (W.Hill) Regel - northern Queensland; *Lepidozamia peroffskyana* Regel - southeastern Queensland, northeastern New South Wales [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidozamia]
lepidozamia spp.
lepidozamia plant
>*Calandrinia balonensis*, commonly known as Parakeelya, is succulent herb native to central Australia. Aborigines traditionally eat the leaves raw or steamed, and roots steamed. The seeds are also ground and eaten as a paste. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calandrinia_balonensis]
Parakeelya balonensis (Lindl.) Hershk.
calandrinia balonensis
parakeelya balonensis
parakeelya plant
*Marsdenia australis*, commonly known as the bush banana, silky pear or green vine is an Australian native plant. It is found in Central Australia and throughout Western Australia. It is a bush tucker food used by Indigenous Australians. All parts of the bush banana plant are still eaten in the desert today. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsdenia_australis]
leichhardtia australis
marsdenia australis
bush banana plant
*Microseris scapigera* is a yellow flowered daisy, perennial, herb, found in New Zealand. It's in a group of plant species, *Cichorieae* (tribe) having milky sap, which includes Chicory and Dandelion. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microseris_scapigera]
Microseris scapigera (Sol. ex A. Cunn.) Sch. Bip.
microseris scapigera
yam daisy plant
*Nymphaea* is a genus of hardy and tender aquatic plants in the family *Nymphaeaceae*. Plants of the genus are known commonly as water lilies. Water lilies have several edible parts. The young leaves and unopened flower buds can be boiled and served as a vegetable. The seeds, high in starch, protein, and oil, may be popped, parched, or ground into flour. Potato-like tubers can be collected from the species Nymphaea tuberosa. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaea]
nymphaea spp.
nymphaea tuberosa
water lily
waterlily plant
pandanus spp.
screw palm
screw pine
pandan plant
*Typha* is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family *Typhaceae*. These plants have many common names. They may be known in British English as bulrush, or reedmace, in American English as cattail, punks, or corn dog grass, in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in Canada as bulrush or cattail, and in New Zealand as raupõ. The rhizomes are edible. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typha]
bulrush
corn dog grass
cumbungi
punks
typha spp.
cattail plant
The *Orchidaceae* are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and often fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family. The *Orchidaceae* have about 28,000 currently accepted species, distributed in about 763 genera. The largest genera are *Bulbophyllum* (2,000 species), *Epidendrum* (1,500 species), *Dendrobium* (1,400 species) and *Pleurothallis* (1,000 species). The family also includes *Vanilla* (the genus of the vanilla plant), *Orchis* (type genus), and many commonly cultivated plants such as *Phalaenopsis* and *Cattleya*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidaceae]
orchidaceae
orchid plant
*Chiloglottis* is a small genus in the orchid family *Orchidaceae*. This genus of deciduous, terrestrial orchids is indigenous to Australia and New Zealand (including Chatham Island and the Antipodes). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiloglottis]
chiloglottis spp.
dainty-bird orchid plant
*Cymbidium*, or boat orchid, is a genus of 52 evergreen species in the orchid family *Orchidaceae*. The species *Cymbidium hookerianum* is considered a delicacy in Bhutan where it is traditionally cooked in a spicy curry or stew and called "olatshe" or "olachoto". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbidium]
cymbidium spp.
boat orchid plant
*Dendrobium speciosum* is not only a widespread Australian orchid but also a very variable orchid, forming a species complex. It is known under several common names: outstanding dendrobium, king orchid, and the somewhat misleading rock lily. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobium_speciosum]
Dendrobium speciosum Sm.
dendrobium speciosum
rock lily
utstanding dendrobium
king orchid plant
*Gastrodia sesamoides* R.Br. Is a saprophyte in the Orchid family. Common names include Potato Orchid, Native Potato, Bell Orchid and Cinnamon Bells. The Potato Orchid is found in Australia and New Zealand. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrodia_sesamoides]
bell orchid
cinnamon bells
gastrodia spp.
native potato
potato orchid plant
*Pterostylis* is a genus of about 120 species of plants in the orchid family, *Orchidaceae*. Commonly called greenhood orchids, they are terrestrial, deciduous, perennial, tuberous, herbs found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia and one Indonesian island. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterostylis]
pterostylis spp.
greenhood orchid plant
*Eragrostis* is large and widespread genus of plants in the grass family, found in many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. *Eragrostis* is commonly known as lovegrass or canegrass. Lovegrass is commonly used as livestock fodder. The seeds appear to be of high nutritional value for some animals, but they are also very tiny and collecting them for human food is cumbersome and hence uncommon. A notable exception is teff (*Eragrostis tef*), which is used to make traditional breads on the Horn of Africa. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis]
canegrass
eragrostid spp.
lovegrass plant
*Brachiaria*, or signalgrass, is a genus of plants in the grass family native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, southern Europe, the Americas, and various islands. There are over 100 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachiaria]
brachiaria spp.
signalgrass plant
*Heteropogon* is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family known generally as tangleheads, widespread primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteropogon]
PLANTS:HETER6
Heteropogon
Heteropogon Pers.
Heteropogon spp.
heteropogon spp.
spear grass
tanglehead plant
*Lepidium* is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, *Brassicaceae*. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as garden cress, maca, and dittander. General common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium]
lepidium spp.
peppercress
peppergrass
pepperwort
pepperweed plant
*Ipomoea* is the largest genus in the flowering plant family *Convolvulaceae*, with over 500 species. It is a large and diverse group with common names including morning glory, water convolvulus or kangkung, sweet potato, bindweed, moonflower, etc. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea]
PLANTS:IPOMO
Ipomoea
Ipomoea L.
Ipomoea spp.
birdweed
ipomoea spp.
kangkung
moonflower
sweet potato
water convolvulus
morning-glory family
*Vigna* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, with a pantropical distribution. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna]
vigna spp.
cowpea family
*Vigna lanceolata*, known as the pencil yam, native bean, Maloga bean... is an Australian native plant. It is still commonly eaten in the desert today. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_lanceolata]
Vigna lanceolata Benth.
malanga bean
native bean
parsnip bean
pencil yam
vigna lanceolata
maloga bean plant
*Chenopodium* is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium]
chenopodium spp.
goosefoot family
*Achyranthes* is a genus of medicinal and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, *Amaranthaceae*. Chaff flower is a common name for plants in this genus. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achyranthes]
achyranthes spp.
chaff-flower
chaff flower plant
*Acronychia* is a genus of 44 species of plants, mainly shrubs, in the rue family *Rutaceae*. They have a broad distribution covering China, Southeast Asia, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia and the islands of the western Pacific Ocean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronychia]
acronychia spp.
acronychia plant
They are aquatic plants, which are found in tropical to warm temperate regions of Africa, Asia and Australasia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aponogeton]
aponogeton spp.
aponogeton plant
*Atalaya* is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs known to science, of the plant family *Sapindaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atalaya_(plant)]
Sapindaceae
atalaya spp.
atalaya plant
*Boerhavia* is a genus of over 100 species in the four o'clock flower family, *Nyctaginaceae*. Common names include spiderlings and hogweeds. *Boerhavia* species generally are native to warm tropical regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boerhavia]
boerhavia spp.
hogweed
spiderling plant
*Brachychiton* (kurrajong, bottletree) is a genus of 31 species of trees and large shrubs, native to Australia (the centre of diversity, with 30 species), and New Guinea (one species). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachychiton]
brachychiton spp.
kurrajong
bottletree plant
*Calostemma* is a small genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (*Amaryllidaceae*, subfamily *Amaryllidoideae*), commonly known as Wilcannia Lily. It consists of three species endemic to Australia, where they are distributed in arid regions with summer precipitation. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calostemma]
calostemma spp.
wilcannia-lily
wilcannia lily plant
*Carallia brachiata* is a large tree in the family *Rhizophoraceae*, that grows to a height of 25 metres and found from Australia, Malesia, Indochina through to the Western Ghats. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carallia_brachiata]
Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr.
carallawood
carallia brachiata
corkybark
freshwater mangrove
billabong tree
*Cartonema* is a genus of perennial or annual monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is restricted to Australia and nearby Trangan Island, which is part of Indonesia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartonema]
Cartonema spicatum R. Br.
cartonema spicatum
cartonema spp.
cartonema plant
The genus *Cayratia* comprises approximately 45 species of plants, some of which have utility value to people. It is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, Australia, and islands of the Pacific ocean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayratia]
cayratia spp.
cayratia plant
*Clerodendrum* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Lamiaceae*. Its common names include glorybower, bagflower and bleeding-heart. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerodendrum]
bagflower
bleeding heart
clerodendrum spp.
glorybower plant
*Cochlospermum* is a genus of trees in the *Cochlospermaceae* family; many classifications place this genus in the family *Bixaceae*. It is native to tropical regions of the world, particularly Latin America, Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlospermum]
cochlospermum spp.
kapok tree
*Costus* is a group of perennial herbaceous plants in the family (*Costaceae*) described by Linnaeus as a genus in 1753. It is widespread through tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Costus is often characterized and distinguished from relatives such as *Zingiber* (true ginger) by its spiraling stems. The genus as a whole is thus often called spiral gingers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costus]
costus spp.
spiral ginger
costus plant
*Curculigo* is a flowering plant genus in the family *Hypoxidaceae*, first described in 1788. It is widespread across tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curculigo]
curculigo spp.
grass potato
curculigo plant
*Cymbonotus* is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family from southern Australia. Three species are recognised. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbonotus]
Asteraceae
cymbonotus spp.
cymbonotus plant
*Cynanchum* is a genus of about 300 species including some swallowworts, belonging to the family *Apocynaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynanchum]
cynanchum spp.
swallow-wort
swallowwort
swallow wort plant
*Dendrocnide* is a genus of 37 species of shrubs to large trees in the nettle family *Urticaceae*. They have a wide distribution across Southeast Asia, North East India, Australia and the Pacific Islands. They are colloquially known as stinging trees, stinging nettles or nettle trees. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrocnide]
Urticaceae
dendrocnide spp.
stinging tree
*Dianella* is a monocot genus of flowering plants. They are commonly called flax lilies. *Dianella* ranges from Japan to India, thence south to Australia and New Zealand; it also occurs on many Pacific Islands. About half of the species are native to Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianella_(plant)]
dianella spp.
flax lily plant
*Dichapetalum* is a genus in the plant family *Dichapetalaceae*. The plants are tropical lianas native to warmer regions of Africa, Asia, Malesia, the West Indies, Australia and Latin America.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichapetalum]
dichapetalum spp.
dichapetalum plant
*Elatostema* is a genus of flowering plants containing approximately 350 known species in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to tropical forest clearings throughout Australasia, Asia and Africa. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elatostema]
elatostema spp.
elatostema plant
*Emilia* is a genus of herbaceous plants in the sunflower family, known as tasselflower or pualele. The members of the genus are distributed mainly in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa and Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilia_(plant)]
emilia spp.
pualele
tasselflower plant
*Enchylaena* is a genus of two species of small perennial shrubs endemic to Australia. Plants of this genus are commonly known as barrier saltbushes. E. tomentosa is widely distributed throughout Australia. E. lanata is endemic to Western Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchylaena]
enchylaena spp.
saltbush plant
*Eremophila* is a genus of more than 260 species of plants in the figwort family, *Scrophulariaceae* all of which are endemic to mainland Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremophila_(plant)]
eremophila spp.
figwort
eremophila plant
*Flueggea*, the bushweeds, is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family *Phyllanthaceae* first described as a genus in 1806. It is widespread across much of Asia, Africa, and various oceanic islands, with a few species in South America in on the Iberian Peninsula. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flueggea]
flueggea spp.
bushweed plant
*Geranium* is a genus of 422 species of flowering annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as the cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geranium]
geranium spp.
cranesbill plant
*Grevillea* is a diverse genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the family *Proteaceae*, native to rainforest and more open habitats in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Sulawesi and other Indonesian islands east of the Wallace Line. Grevillea flowers were a traditional favourite among Aborigines for their sweet nectar. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevillea]
grevillea spp.
grevillea plant
*Heliotropium* is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, *Boraginaceae*. There are 250 to 300 species in this genus, which are commonly known as heliotropes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliotropium]
heliotropium spp.
heliotrope plant
*Horsfieldia* is the name of a genus of evergreen trees. The genus consists of about 100 species and is distributed across South Asia, from India to the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsfieldia]
horsfieldia spp.
horsfieldia plant
*Hypoxis* is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Hypoxidaceae*. Most species are in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in southern Africa. Common names for the genus include star-grass, star lily, yellow stars, African potato, and stars. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxis]
african potato
hypoxis spp.
star lily
star-grass
stargrass
stars
star grass plant
*Lysiphyllum* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*. It belongs to the sub family *Cercidoideae*. It was formerly treated as part of the genus *Bauhinia*, but recent molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms that *Lysiphyllum* is a distinct genus from *Bauhinia*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysiphyllum]
Lysiphyllum carronii (F. Muell.) Pedley
lysiphyllum carronii
red bauhinia
northern beantree plant
*Melaleuca* is a genus of nearly 300 species of plants in the myrtle family, *Myrtaceae*, commonly known as paperbarks, honey-myrtles or tea-trees (although the last name is also applied to species of Leptospermum). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaleuca]
melaleuca
tea-tree
tea tree
*Melodinus* is a genus of plant in family *Apocynaceae*, first described as a genus in 1776. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, the Indian Subcontinent, Australia, and various islands in the western Pacific. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melodinus]
melodinus spp.
melodinus plant
*Nauclea orientalis* is a species of tree in the *Rubiaceae* family, native to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. *Nauclea orientalis* is known under the common names Leichhardt tree, cheesewood, yellow cheesewood, and canary cheesewood. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauclea_orientalis]
Nauclea orientalis (L.) L.
canary cheesewood
cheesewood
leichhardt-tree
nauclea orientalis
yellow cheesewood
leichhardt tree
*Omphalea* is a plant genus of the family *Euphorbiaceae* first described as a genus in 1759. It is native to tropical parts of the Americas, the West Indies, Asia, Australia, and Africa (including Madagascar). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omphalea]
omphalea spp.
tambor
omphalea plant
*Parkinsonia* is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, *Fabaceae*. It contains about 12 species that are native to semi-desert regions of Africa and the Americas. Most American species are known by the common name of palo verde or paloverde, from the Spanish words meaning "green pole" or "green stick". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinsonia]
jerusalem thorn
palo verde
parkinsonia spp.
paloverde plant
*Pittosporum* is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family *Pittosporaceae*. The genus is probably Gondwanan in origin; its present range extends from Australasia, Oceania, eastern Asia and some parts of Africa. They are commonly known as pittosporums or, more ambiguously, "cheesewoods". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittosporum]
pittosporum spp.
cheesewood plant
*Caesalpinia* is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*. It contains tropical or subtropical woody plants including lianas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesalpinia]
caesalpinia spp.
nicker
poinciana
poinciana plant
*Randia*, commonly known as indigoberry, is a mostly neotropical genus of shrubs or small trees in the *Rubiaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randia_(plant)]
randia spp.
indigoberry plant
*Rhodamnia* is a group of rainforest trees and shrubs in the myrtle family described as a genus in 1822. They are native to southern China, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, Australia, and New Caledonia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamnia]
KEW:178075
Myrtaceae
Rhodamnia Jack
monoxora
opanea
rhodamnia spp.
rhodamnia plant
*Rhyncharrhena* is a species of plants in the *Apocynaceae* first described as a genus in 1859. It contains only one known species, Rhyncharrhena linearis, native to Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyncharrhena]
APNI:
Rhyncharrhena linearis (Decne.) K.L.Wilson
native cherry
rhyncharrhena linearis
rhyncharrhena spp.
rhyncharrhena plant
*Santalum* is a genus of woody flowering plants, the best known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian sandalwood tree, *Santalun album*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santalum]
santalum spp.
sandalwood plant
*Exocarpos* is a genus of flowering shrubs and small trees in the sandalwood family, *Santalaceae*. They are found throughout Southeast Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. They are semi-parasitic, requiring the roots of a host tree, a trait they share with many other members of the Santalaceae. In Australia, they are known as ballarts, and several species are known as cherries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exocarpos]
ballart
exocarpos spp.
exocarpos plant
*Stemodia* is a genus of flowering plants in the plantain family, *Plantaginaceae*. The genus comprises approximately 40 species of annual and perennial herbs and shrubs which are distributed throughout temperate and tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas. Twintip is a common name for several species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemodia]
stemodia spp.
sweet panja
twintip plant
*Stylobasium* is a genus of xerophytic shrubs in the family *Surianaceae*. The genus is endemic to Australia, with species occurring in Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylobasium]
Stylobasium spathulatum Desf.
stylobasium spathulatum
nutbush plant
*Terminalia* is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family *Combretaceae*, comprising around 100 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_(plant)]
terminalia spp.
terminalia plant
*Trianthema* is a genus of flowering plants in the ice plant family, *Aizoaceae*. The genus contains about 20 described species growing in tropical and subtropical regions, especially Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trianthema]
horse-purslane
trianthema spp.
trianthema plant
*Triglochin* is a genus in the family *Juncaginaceae* described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. The most widely used common name for the genus is arrowgrass, although these plants are not really grasses. Many of the common names for species make use of the term "arrowgrass", although there are exceptions: *Triglochin procera*, for example, is commonly known as water ribbons. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglochin]
Juncaginaceae
triglochin spp.
water ribbon
arrowgrass plant
*Tylophora* is a genus of climbing plant or vine, first described as a genus in 1810. It is native to tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylophora]
tylophora spp.
tylophora plant
*Typhonium* is a genus in the *Araceae* family native to eastern and southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhonium]
Araceae
typhonium spp.
typhonium plant
*Xanthorrhoea* is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants endemic to Australia and a member of family *Asphodelaceae*, being the only member of subfamily *Xanthorrhoeoideae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthorrhoea]
xanthorrhoea spp.
grasstree plant
Chelodina rugosa Ogilby, 1890
chelodina rugosa
northern snake-necked turtle
Cherax albidus (Riek, 1951)
blue pearl yabby
cherax albidus
yabby
EOL:eolife:4757174/overview
Polymesoda coaxans (Gmelin, 1791)
polymesoda coaxans
mud oyster
Hyriidae is a taxonomic family of pearly freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs in the order *Unionoida*. This family is native to South America, Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. Like all members of that order, they go through a larval stage that is parasitic on fish.
hyriidae
pearly freshwater mussel
Velesunio ambiguus (Philippi, 1847)
flood plain mussel
Velesunio angasi (Sowerby, 1867)
angas' mussel
A species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family.
CEC1993:1315
Turbo cornutus
Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786
turbo cornutus
horned turban
A species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails.
lunella cinerea
lunella cinereus
polished turban
turbo cinereus
smooth moon turban
A species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.
Monodonta labio
lipped periwinkle
Monodonta labio (Linnaeus, 1758)
labio monodont
monodonta labio
toothed top shell
*Nerita balteata* is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family *Neritidae*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerita_balteata]
nerita articulata
nerita balteata
nerita lineata
mangrove snail
cassidula angulifera
salt marsh snail
A species of marine gastropod molluscs in the family Potamididae.
telescopium telescopium
Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758)
telescope snail
horn snail
A species of brackish-water snail, a gastropod mollusk in the family Potamididae.
Terebralia palustris
Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767)
giant mangrove whelk
A species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Potamididae.
terebralia palustris
Terebralia palustris (Linnaeus, 1767)
belitong snail
A species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Potamididae.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terebralia_semistriata
terebralia semistriata
striate mud creeper
acanthopleura spinosa
spinose chiton
The bogong moth (*Agrotis infusa*) is a temperate species of night-flying moth, notable for its biannual long-distance seasonal migrations towards and from the Australian Alps, similar to the diurnal monarch butterfly.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogong_moth]
agrotis infusa
bogong moth
In Australia larvae of some psyllids, for example *Psylla eucalypti*, hide under a protective shield of crystallized honeydew.In this form it is called lerp or lerp scale. [http://en.foodlexicon.org/h0002600.php]
glycaspis eucalypti
lerp scale
psylla eucalypti
psyllidae
eucalyptus psyllid
*Cissus antarctica* (synonym *Cissus oblongata*), called "kangaroo vine", is one of the best known species of the genus *Cissus* in the family of *Vitaceae*. It is a climbing plant, a vine, and comes from Australia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissus_antarctica]
USDA PLANTS:CIAN3
Cissus antarctica Venten
cissus antarctica
cissus oblongata
kangaroo ivy
kangaroo vine plant
*Cissus hypoglauca* is a common Australian vine. It is one of the better known climbing plants of the genus *Cissus* in the grape family. A very common climber in moist areas of eastern Australia, it often colonises large areas after forest damage due to storms, fire or logging. Common names include jungle grape, water vine, giant water vine, five-leaf water vine, jungle vine, native grapes and billangai [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cissus_hypoglauca]
Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray
cissus hypoglauca
giant water vine plant
*Buchanania obovata* is a small to medium-sized understorey tree in woodlands native to northern Australia. Common names include green plum and wild mango. The fruit is traditionally eaten by Aborigines. The plant also has traditional medicinal uses. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchanania_obovata]
APNI:68814
Buchanania obovata Engl.
buchanania
green-plum
wild mango
green plum plant
APNI:112789
Carpobrotus modestus S.T.Blake
carpobrotus modestus
inland pigface plant
*Cassytha melantha* is a parasitic vine. Common names include coarse dodder-laurel and large dodder-laurel. The fruits are about 10-15 millimetres (0.39-0.59 in) in diameter and are green, drying to black. These are edible and are harvested in the wild. The species occurs in the states of Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales in Australia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassytha_melantha]
Cassytha melantha R. Br.
Lauraceae
cassytha melantha
coarse dodder-laurel
large dodder-laurel
coarse dodderlaurel plant
*Persoonia falcata* grows as a woody shrub or small tree, anywhere from 1 to 9 m (3.3 to 29.5 ft) high. The thick dark grey bark is layered and flaky. The pale green-grey leaves are 8-35 cm (3.1-13.8 in) long and 0.4-3 cm (0.16-1.18 in) wide, and oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate or falcate in shape. The yellow flowers appear from June to November. The yellow-green fruit, known as drupes, appear from October to February. Edible, they are eaten raw by local aborigines.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoonia_falcata]
APNI:112478
Persoonia falcata R.Br.
booral
linkia falcata
milky plum
persoonia falcata
tarpoon
nanchee plant
*Persoonia pinifolia*, or pine-leaved geebung, is a large shrub which is native to the Sydney region in New South Wales, Australia. It can reach up to 3 metres in both height and width. It has narrow linear leaves to 70 mm long and terminal flower racemes late winter to spring. These are followed by fleshy green fruits (drupes) that have the appearance of a bunch of grapes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persoonia_pinifolia]
APNI:114587
Persoonia pinifolia R. Br.
Persoonia pinifolia R.Br.
persoonia pinifoli
pine-leaved geebung plant
APNI:63488
Planchonella chartacea (F.Muell. ex Benth.) H.J.Lam
dugulla
planchonella chartacea
thin-leaved coondoo
wild plum
thin leaved plum plant
APNI:77354
Planchonella pohlmaniana (F.Muell.) Pierre ex Dubard
planchonella pohlmaniana
pouteria pohlmaniana
yellow boxwood
black apple plant
APNI:64607
Syzygium bungadinnia (F.M.Bailey) B.Hyland
bamaga white fruit
syzygium bungadinnia
watergum
bungadinnia plant
APNI:64736
Syzygium johnsonii (F.Muell.) B.Hyland
rose satinash
syzygium johnsonii
watergum
johnson's satinash plant
*Syzygium luehmannii* is a medium-sized coastal rainforest tree native to Australia. Common names include riberry, small leaved lilly pilly, cherry satinash, cherry alder, or clove lilli pilli. It is commonly grown as an ornamental tree and for its fruit, known as a riberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_luehmannii]
APNI:64768
Syzygium luehmannii (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson
cherry alder
cherry satinash
creek cherry
riberry
scrub cherry
small-leafed watergum
syzygium luehmannii
small-leaved watergum plant
*Syzygium suborbiculare*, the red bush apple, is a small understorey tree native to open forests and woodland of northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_suborbiculare]
APNI:64861
Syzygium suborbiculare (Benth.) T.G.Hartley & L.M.Perry
lady apple
oloorgo
onionwood
pudginjacket
syzygium suborbiculare
wild apple
yinumaninga
red bush apple plant
*Acmena* is a genus of shrubs and small trees in the myrtle family *Myrtaceae*. They are related to guavas. The name is derived from the Greek word for "plentiful". The species of this genus have sometimes been treated as part of the large Old World genus *Syzygium* (which in turn has sometimes been included in *Eugenia*, although many authors limit *Eugenia* mostly to New World species). Several 2006 papers include Acmena in *Syzygium*.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmena]
APNI:73475
Acmena DC.
acmena spp.
eugenia spp.
syzygium spp.
acmena plant
acmena hemilampra
cassowary gum plant
*Syzygium smithii* (formerly *Acmena smithii*) is a summer-flowering, winter-fruiting evergreen tree, belonging to the myrtle family *Myrtaceae*. It shares the common name "lilly pilly" with several other plants, however in New Zealand, it is commonly known as 'monkey apple'. It is planted as shrubs or hedgerows, and features: rough, woody bark; cream and green smooth, waxy leaves; flushes of pink new growth; and white to maroon edible berries. []
APNI:73568
Acmena smithii (Poir.) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium smithii (Poir.) Nied.
acmena smithii
monkey apple
syzygium smithii
lillipilly plant
Podocarpus elatus R. Br. ex Endl.
brown-pine
pencil-cedar
plum-pine
podocarpus elatus
she-pine
white-pine
white-plum
yellow-pine
illawara plum plant
The wild orange is an Australian native plant throughout Australia. Its scientific name is *Capparis mitchellii*. It was named by botanist John Lindley. It is also known as the native orange. Its name in the Arrernte language of Central Australia is merne atwakeye. It is not related to oranges and neither to the Osage-orange which is known as "wild orange" in North America, but to capers.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis_mitchellii]
Capparis mitchellii Lindl.
capparis mitchellii
merne atwakeye
native orange
wild orange
desert caper plant
The Nippon orangequat is a cross between a Satsuma mandarin and a Meiwa kumquat (*Fortunella crassifolia*), hybridized by Dr. Eugene May of the USDA and introduced in 1932, and is a member of the citrofortunella group. 'Nippon' is the only named cultivar in existence.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangequat]
×Citrofortunella spp.
citrofortunella spp.
citrus sinensis x citrus japonica
nippon orangequat
The limequat is a citrofortunella hybrid that is the result of a cross between the key lime (*Citrus aurantifolia*) and the kumquat (*Fortunella margarita*), hybridized by Walter Tennyson Swingle in 1909.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limequat]
×Citrofortunella floridana J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore
×Citrofortunella swinglei J. W. Ingram & H. E. Moore
×citrofortunella floridana
×citrofortunella swinglei
limequat
*Citrofortunella* according to the Swingle system, is a hybrid genus, containing intergeneric hybrids between members of the genus Citrus and the closely related Fortunella. It is named after its two parent genera. Such hybrids often combine the cold hardiness of the Fortunella, such as the Kumquat, with some edibility properties of the citrus species. Citrofortunellas, which are all hybrids, are marked with the multiplication sign before the word "Citrofortunella", for example × *Citrofortunella microcarpa* or × *Citrofortunella mitis which refer to the same plant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy]
citrofortunella hybrids plant
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents of the superfamily *Muroidea*. "True rats" are members of the genus Rattus, the most important of which to humans are the black rat, Rattus rattus, and the brown rat, Rattus norvegicus. Many members of other rodent genera and families are also referred to as rats, and share many characteristics with true rats.
MSW3:13001727
Rattus Fischer, 1803
Rattus G. Fischer, 1803
rattus
Rat meat is a food that, while taboo in some cultures, is a dietary staple in others.
rat
*Equus* is a genus of mammals in the family Equidae, which includes horses, asses, and zebras. Within Equidae, Equus is the only recognized extant genus, comprising seven living species. The term equine refers to any member of this genus, including horses.
MSW3:14100003
Equus Linnaeus, 1758
equidae
equus
equine animal
A family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems.
Cobitidae
True loaches
loaches
A genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. They are found in inland waters throughout much of the Old World, and are one of the most widespread catfish genera in the world. Many of the species are of great economic importance in both fisheries and fish culture.
Clarias
Clarias Scopoli, 1777
clarias catfish
A species of catfish (sheatfish), family Siluridae. It is a large freshwater fish found in continental East Asia and in Japan.
Silurus asotus
japanese common catfish
Silurus asotus Linnaeus, 1758
amur catfish
The *Bagridae* are a family of catfish that are native to Africa (*Bagrus*) and Asia (all other genera) from Japan to Borneo. It includes about 245 species. These fish are commonly known as naked catfishes or bagrid catfishes. Large bagrids are important as food fish. Some species are kept as aquarium fishes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagridae]
bagridae
naked catfish
bagrid catfish
A genus of bagrid catfishes found mostly in Southeast Asia with some species occurring in China. This genus has a confused taxonomy and there is uncertainty surrounding the number of valid species. The members of Leiocassis have an elongate narrow head and a prominently protruding snout.
Leiocassis
Leiocassis Bleeker, 1857
longsnout catfish
A genus of several South American catfish species of family Pimelodidae. The species are known by a number of different common names. They typically inhabit major rivers where they prefer the main channels and tend to stay at maximum depth, but some species can also be seen in lakes, flooded forests, and other freshwater habitats. They have robust bodies, and are important food fish.
Pseudoplatystoma
Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862
sorubim catfish
Synbranchiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that are eel-like but have spiny rays, indicating that they belong to the superorder *Acanthopterygii*. There are two suborders: *Synbranchoidei* and *Mastacembeloidei*, or *Opisthomi*. The *Synbranchoidei* has one family, the *Synbranchidae*, four genera, and 17 species. The *Mastacembeloidei* has two families: *Chaudhuriidae*, with four genera and five species, and *Mastacembelidae*, with three genera and about 26 species.
swamp eel
chaudhuriidae
mastacembelidae
synbranchidae
fish, synbranchiform
An order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies. Grouped in 18 recognized families, there are more than two thousand different species, including the well-known piranha and tetras.
Characiformes
fish, characiform
A family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish, belonging to the order Characiformes. Fish of this family are important as food and also include popular aquarium fish species [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characidae]
Characidae
characids
characins
characin
A family of fish with about 34 genera and 180 species. Anatomically, they are similar to the gobies (Gobiidae), though unlike the majority of gobies, they do not have a pelvic sucker.
sleeper
Eleotridae
sleeper goby
A species of freshwater fish in the *Clupeidae* family which was endemic to Lake Tanganyika but which has now been introduced to other lakes in Africa as a food source. It is monotypic within the genus *Limnothrissa*. It and the Lake Tanganyika sprat are known collectively as kapenta.
Lake Tanganyika sardine
Limnothrissa miodon
Limnothrissa Regan, 1917
limnothrissa
kapenta
A family of osmeriform fish, related to the smelts. They are found in freshwater environments in East and Southeast Asia, although a few species are anadromous (e.g., *Salangichthys microdon*), spending most of their lives in coastal waters, and only visiting fresh water to spawn.
Salangidae
noodlefish
icefish
Thresher sharks are large lamniform sharks of the family *Alopiidae* found in all temperate and tropical oceans of the world; the family contains four species, all within the genus *Alopias*: *Alopias pelagicus* H. Nakamura, 1935 (pelagic thresher); *Alopias superciliosus* R. T. Lowe, 1841 (bigeye thresher); *Alopias vulpinus* Bonnaterre, 1788 (common thresher).
Alopiidae
Alopias Rafinesque, 1810
alopias
thresher shark
A family of thoracotrematan crabs.
varunidae
A family of prawns which have lived since at least the Middle Jurassic
Sergestidae
sergestid shrimps
sergestid shrimp family
A marine crustacean of the order Stomatopoda.
Stomatopoda
mantis shrimp
stomatopod
Stomatopoda Latreille, 1817
mantis shrimp family
A family of mantis shrimp, the only family in the superfamily Squilloidea. The type genus is Squilla.
Squillidae
squillid
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum *Vertebrata*. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; jellyfish, and worms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate]
Terrestrial invertebrates include ants, flies, crickets, grasshoppers and spiders. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_animal]
insect
invertebrate, land
land snail
terrestrial invertebrate
Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum *Chelicerata*. All arachnids have eight legs, although the front pair of legs in some species has converted to a sensory function, while in other species, different appendages can grow large enough to take on the appearance of extra pairs of legs. Spiders are the largest order in the class, which also includes scorpions, ticks, mites, harvestmen, and solifuges [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnid]
Arachnida
arachnida
arachnid
An earthworm is a tube-shaped, segmented worm found in the phylum *Annelida*. Earthworms are commonly found living in soil, feeding on live and dead organic matter. Larger terrestrial earthworms are also called megadriles (which translates to "big worms"), as opposed to the microdriles ("small worms") in the semiaquatic families Tubificidae, Lumbricidae, and Enchytraeidae, among others. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm]
annelida
earthworm
The *Alosinae*, or the shads, are a subfamily of fishes in the herring family *Clupeidae*. The subfamily comprises seven genera worldwide, and about 30 species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alosinae]
alosinae
shads
*Helicidae* is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including *Cornu aspersum* (formerly *Helix aspersa*) the brown or garden snail, and *Helix pomatia* the "escargot"
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicidae
2019-04-29T21:42:27Z
typical snail
helicidae
Flint corn (*Zea mays* var. *indurata*; also known as Indian corn or sometimes calico corn) is a variant of maize, the same species as common corn. Because each kernel has a hard outer layer to protect the soft endosperm, it is likened to being hard as flint; hence the name [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_corn]
indian corn
zea mays indurate
flint corn plant
Belgian endive is known in Dutch as witloof or witlof ("white leaf"), endive or (very rarely) witloof in the United States, indivia in Italy, endivias in Spain, chicory in the UK, as witlof in Australia, endive in France, and chicon in parts of northern France, in Wallonia and (in French) in Luxembourg. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicory#Cultivated]
belgian endive
cichorium intybus
witloof plant
Puntarelle or cicoria di catalogna or cicoria asparago is a variant of chicory. The heads are characterized by an elongated shape (about 40-50 cm), light green stems and dandelion shaped leaves. 'Puntarelle' shoots have a pleasantly bitter taste. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntarelle]
cichorium intybus
puntarelle plant
*Vernonia* is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family *Asteraceae*. Several species of *Vernonia*, including *V. calvoana, V. amygdalina* and *V. colorata*, are eaten as leaf vegetables. They are common in most West African and Central African countries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernonia]
PLANTS:VERNO
Vernonia Schreb.
Vernonia spp.
vernonia
bitterleaf plant
*Crithmum* is a genus of flowering plant with the sole species *Crithmum maritimum*, known as samphire, rock samphire, or sea fennel. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crithmum]
Crithmum maritimum L.
crithmum maritimum
sea fennel
rock samphire plant
*Limonium* is a genus of 120 flowering plant species. Members are also known as sea-lavender, statice, caspia or marsh-rosemary. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonium]
PLANTS:LIMON
Limonium
Limonium Mill.
Limonium spp.
limonium
sealavender
sea lavender plant
*Marsilea* is a genus of approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns of the family *Marsileaceae*. These small plants are of unusual appearance and do not resemble common ferns. Common names include water clover and four-leaf clover because the long-stalked leaves have four clover-like lobes and are either held above water or submerged. Sporocarps of some Australian species such as *Marsilea drummondii* are edible and have been eaten by Aborigines and early white settlers, who knew it under the name ngardu or nardoo. The leaves of *Marsilea crenata* are part of the East Javanese cuisine of Indonesia, especially in the city of Surabaya. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsilea]
PLANTS:MARSI
Marsilea
Marsilea L.
Marsilea crenata C. Presl
marsilea
nardoo
waterclover plant
The Jersey cabbage (*Brassica oleracea longata*, also known as Jersey kale or cow cabbage, and by a variety of local names including giant cabbage, long jacks, tree cabbage and the French chour and chou à vacque. It is a variety of cabbage native to the Channel Islands that grows to a great height and was formerly commonly used there as livestock fodder and for making walking sticks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_cabbage]
Brassica oleracea L. var. palmifolia DC.
Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia DC.
brassica oleracea longata
brassica oleracea palmifolia
tree kale
jersey kale plant
Romanesco broccoli, also known as Roman cauliflower, Broccolo Romanesco, Romanesque cauliflower or simply Romanesco is an edible flower bud of the species *Brassica oleracea*. First documented in Italy, it is chartreuse in color. Romanesco has a striking appearance because its form is a natural approximation of a fractal. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanesco_broccoli]
roman cauliflower
romanesco broccoli
romanesco cauliflower
romanesco plant
*Daemonorops* is a genus of rattan palms in the family *Arecaceae* found primarily in the tropics and subtropics of southeastern Asia with a few species extending into southern China and the Himalayas. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemonorops]
Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Griff.) Mart.
daemonorops jenkinsiana
devil rattan plant
*Attalea maripa*, commonly called maripa palm, is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalea_maripa]
Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.
attalea maripa
maripa palm plant
PLANTS:PHGR22
Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martinez
Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martiñez
dwarf cape-gooseberry
hairy ground-cherry
physalis grisea
strawberry-tomato plant
The *Solanaceae*, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but many, including tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell/chili peppers, and tobacco are widely used. The *Solanaceae* consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanaceae]
nightshade family
solanaceae plant
The Armenian cucumber, *Cucumis melo* var. *flexuosus*, is a type of long, slender fruit which tastes like a cucumber and looks somewhat like a cucumber inside. It is actually a variety of muskmelon (*C. melo*), a species closely related to the cucumber (*C. sativus*). It is also known as the yard-long cucumber, snake cucumber, snake melon, and uri in Japan. It should not be confused with the snake gourds (*Trichosanthes* spp.). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_cucumber]
Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin
cucumis melo flexuosus
serpent melon
snake melon
armenian cucumber plant
This mustard relative develops a tuberous root, in appearance much like a globular turnip. Roots reach a diameter of 3 to 4 inches, and are similar to turnips in appearance, texture, flavor and culture. It is rarely grown in the U.S. The root, leaves and petioles are edible. [https://dev.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Crops/MustardTuberousRootedChine.html]
Brassica juncea subsp. napiformis (Pailleux & Bois) Gladis
brassica juncea napiformis
turnip-root mustard
tuberous-root mustard plant
fairy ring champignon
fairy ring mushroom
a mushroom of genus Marasmius which is native to North America and Europe.
Broccolini is a green vegetable similar to broccoli but with smaller florets and longer, thin stalks. It is a natural hybrid of broccoli and gai lan, both cultivar groups of *Brassica oleracea*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broccolini]
bimi
broccolini plant
A lettuce which is midway between the crisphead and leaf types. These lettuces tend to be larger, bolt-resistant and well-flavored.
French crisp
summercrisp lettuce
batavia lettuce plant
*Aronia* is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family *Rosaceae* native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aronia]
Aronia
chokeberry plant
*Aronia prunifolia*, called the purple chokeberry, is a North American species of shrubs in the rose family. Flowers are white or pink, producing purple fruits. Many people consider the fruits to be foul-tasting. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aronia_prunifolia]
Aronia X prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder (pro sp.)
Aronia x prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder
aronia prunifolia
purple chokeberry plant
The jostaberry is a complex-cross fruit bush in the *Ribes* genus, involving three original species, the black currant *R. nigrum*, the North American coastal black gooseberry *R. divaricatum*, and the European gooseberry *R. uva-crispa* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jostaberry]
jostaberry
Ribes x nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer
jostaberry plant
*Acrotriche depressa*, commonly known as native currant or wiry ground-berry, is a dwarf evergreen perennial shrub native to southern Australia, occurring naturally in sandy or heavy clay moist soils. The fruits are eaten out-of-hand, or used in jams and jellies. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrotriche_depressa]
Acrotriche depressa R. Br.
acrotriche depressa
wiry ground-berry
native currant plant
*Myrica* is a genus of about 35-50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family *Myricaceae*, order *Fagales*. The genus has a wide distribution, including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America, and missing only from Australia. Common names include bayberry, bay-rum tree, candleberry, sweet gale, and wax-myrtle. The wax coating on the fruit of several species, known as bayberry wax, has been used traditionally to make candles. The fruit of *Myrica rubra* is an economically important crop in China, sold fresh, dried, canned, for juice, and for alcoholic beverages. *Myrica* is used to spice beer and snaps in Denmark. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrica]
PLANTS:MOREL2
Morella
Morella Lour.
Morella rubra Lour.
morella
Myrica
*Shepherdia*, commonly called buffaloberry or bullberry, is a genus of small shrubs in the *Elaeagnaceae* family. The plants are native to northern and western North America. The berry is recognizable by being a dark shade of red, with little white dots on them. They are rough to the touch, and are found on both trees and shrubs. Buffaloberries are sour and can be made into jam, pie, jelly, syrup, soups, or prepared like cranberry sauce with sugar added. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherdia]
PLANTS:SHEPH
Shepherdia Nutt.
Shepherdia argentea (Pursh) Nutt.
shepherdia
buffaloberry plant
Pluots, apriums, apriplums, or plumcots, are some of the hybrids between different *Prunus* species that are also called interspecific plums. Whereas plumcots and apriplums are first-generation hybrids between a plum parent (*P. salicina* or *P. cerasifera* or their hybrids), and an apricot (*P. armeniaca*), pluots and apriums are later-generations. Both names "plumcot" and "apriplum" have been used for trees derived from a plum seed parent, and are therefore equivalent. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluot]
apriplum
aprium
pluot
prunus hybrid
plumcot plant
*Elaeagnus*, silverberry or oleaster, is a genus of about 50-70 species of flowering plants in the family *Elaeagnaceae*. The vast majority of the species are native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia. The fruit is a fleshy drupe containing a single seed; it is edible in many species. Several species are cultivated for their fruit, including *E. angustifolia, E. umbellata* and *E. multiflora* (gumi). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeagnus]
PLANTS:ELAEA
Elaeagnus
Elaeagnus L.
Elaeagnus spp.
elaeagnus; oleaster
silverberry plant
*Bouea macrophylla*, commonly known as gandaria in english, is a species of flowering plant native to Southeast Asia. The tree belongs to the *Anacardiaceae* family which also includes mango and cashew. The fruit (resembling a mango) are green in colour and mature to an orange/yellow, with the seed being pink. Both the leaves and fruit from the tree can be eaten. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouea_macrophylla]
Bouea macrophylla Griff.
bouea macrophylla
gandaria plant
*Myrciaria dubia*, commonly known as camu camu, camucamu, cacari, or camocamo, is a small bushy riverside tree from the Amazon rainforest in Peru and Brazil, which grows to a height of 3-5 m (9.8-16.4 ft) and bears a red/purple cherry-like fruit. It is a close relative of the jabuticaba (*Myrciaria cauliflora*) and the guavaberry or rumberry (*Myrciaria floribunda*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrciaria_dubia]
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh
myrciaria dubia
camu-camu plant
An oroblanco, oro blanco (white gold) or sweetie (*Citrus grandis* Osbeck × *C. paradisi* Macf.) is a sweet seedless citrus hybrid fruit similar to grapefruit. It is often referred to as oroblanco grapefruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroblanco]
sweetie
oroblanco plant
The *Annonaceae* are a family, the custard apple family, of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the *Magnoliales*. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably *Annona, Anonidium, Asimina, Rollinia*, and *Uvaria*. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonaceae]
annonaceae
custard apple family
*Citrus limettioides*, Palestinian sweet lime or Indian sweet lime or common sweet lime, alternatively considered a cultivar of *Citrus × limon* 'Indian Lime', is a low acid lime that has been used in Palestine for food, juice and rootstock. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_sweet_lime]
Citrus limettioides Tanaka
citrus limettioides
indian sweet lime
palestine sweet lime plant
*Melientha* is a genus of plants in the family *Opiliaceae* described as a genus in 1888. The genus contains only one known species, *Melientha suavis*, native to Southeast Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melientha]
The young shoots, leaves, inflorescences and young fruits are widely consumed as a vegetable after boiling. The ripe fruits are also edible (juicy mesocarp) and in Vietnam the seeds are eaten in the same way as groundnut after boiling or frying. [http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Melientha_suavis_(PROSEA)]
Melientha suavis Pierre
melientha plant
[http://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Rumex-flexuosus.html]
new zealand dock
rumex brownianus
rumex cunninghamii
rumex flexuosus
maori dock plant
*Rumex hydrolapathum*, the great water dock, water dock, or giant water dock, is a species of perennial herbaceous plants in the genus *Rumex* native to fens and freshwater banks of Europe and Western Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex_hydrolapathum]
Rumex hydrolapathum Huds.
rumex hydrolapathum
great water dock plant
*Santolina* is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santolina]
PLANTS:SANTO
Santolina
Santolina L.
lavender cotton
santolina plant
*Thymus mastichina* is a species in the *Lamiaceae* family. It is endemic to the central Iberian Peninsula in Spain and Portugal. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus_mastichina]
Thymus mastichina L.
spanish marjoram
thymus mastichina
mastic thyme plant
*Thymus citriodorus*, the lemon thyme or citrus thyme, is a lemon-scented evergreen mat-forming perennial. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus_citriodorus]
lemon thyme
Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb.
Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. ex Schweigg. & Körte
thymus citriodorus
lemon thyme plant
*Tagetes* is a genus of annual or perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (*Asteraceae*). The common name in English, "marigold", is derived from "Mary's gold", a name first applied to a similar plant native to Europe, *Calendula officinalis*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetes]
PLANTS:TAGET
Tagetes
Tagetes L.
Tagetes spp.
tagetes
marigold plant (Tagetes)
*Tagetes tenuifolia*, the signet marigold or golden marigold, is a species of the wild marigold in the daisy family (*Asteraceae*). It is widespread across most of Mexico as well as Central America, Colombia, and Peru. The plant's edible flowers can be used as a garnish. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetes_tenuifolia]
Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.
slender-leaf marigold
tagetes tenuifolia
signet marigold plant
*Tropaeolum*, commonly known as nasturtium, is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. The nasturtiums received their common name because they produce an oil similar to that of watercress (*Nasturtium officinale*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaeolum]
PLANTS:TROPA
Tropaeolum
Tropaeolum L.
Tropaeolum spp.
tropaeolum
nasturtium plant
*Clinopodium nepeta* (synonym *Calamintha nepeta*), known as lesser calamint, is a perennial herb of the mint family. Lesser calamint is used in borders. It is also as a spice in the Italian cuisine where it is called *mentuccia, nipitella* or *nepitella*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinopodium_nepeta]
PLANTS:CANE17
PLANTS:CANEG
PLANTS:CANEN
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. glandulosa (Riquien) P.W. Ball
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi ssp. nepeta
calamintha nepeta
clinopodium nepeta
lesser calamint plant
The yacón (*Smallanthus sonchifolius*) is a species of perennial daisy traditionally grown in the northern and central Andes from Colombia to northern Argentina for its crisp, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yacón]
PLANTS:SMALL
Smallanthus Mack. ex Small
Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob.
peruvian ground apple
smallanthus sonchifolius
yacón
yacon plant
The sap is boiled down to produce birch syrup. Currently, only a few small scale operations in Alaska and Yukon currently produce birch syrup from this species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betula_papyrifera]
PLANTS:BETUL
Betula
Betula L.
Betula spp.
betula
birch plant
*Corylus maxima*, the filbert, is a species of hazel native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from the Balkans to Ordu in Turkey. The filbert is similar to the related common hazel, *C. avellana*, differing in having the nut more fully enclosed by the tubular involucre. This feature is shared by the beaked hazel *C. cornuta* of North America, and the Asian beaked hazel *C. sieboldiana* of eastern Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_maxima]
PLANTS:COMA18
corylus maxima
european filbert
giant filbert
Corylus maxima Mill.
filbert plant
A Eurasian species of wild onion with a range extending from Romania to Mongolia.
Allium obliquum
lop-sided onion
twisted-leaf onion
Allium obliquum L.
twistedleaf garlic
oblique onion plant
*Brassica napus* (*Pabularia* Group) is commonly called Siberian kale. It is native to northern Asia and northern Europe. It primarily differs from a second type of kale known as *Brassica oleracea* (*Acephala* Group) by having (a) milder flavor, (b) more tenderness, (c) better resistance to the diseases/insects common to Brassicas and (d) better winter hardiness. Flat blue green leaves with white veins and ruffled edges. Plants typically mature to 12-18" tall and to 24" wide. *Brassica napus* (*Oleifera* Group) is grown primarily for vegetable oils including canola. *Brassica napus* (*Napobrassica* Group) includes rutabagas. [http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=275021]
PLANTS:BRNAP
Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Rchb.
brassica napus pabularia
rape kale
siberian kale plant
*Canarium* is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family *Burseraceae*. The trees and their edible nuts have a large number of common names in their range. These include Pacific almond, canarium nut, pili nut, Java almond, Kenari nut, galip nut, nangai, and ngali. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium]
PLANTS:CANAR2
Canarium L.
Canarium spp.
canarium plant
*Lunaria* (common name honesty) is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Brassicaceae*, native to central and southern Europe. It includes 4 species, the annual or biennial *L. annua* (syn. *L. biennis*), *Lunaria elongata*, the perennial *L. rediviva* and the rare Balkan species *Lunaria telekiana*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunaria]
PLANTS:LUNAR
Lunaria
Lunaria L.
Lunaria spp.
lunaria
honesty plant
*Trachyspermum roxburghianum* (also known as *Carum roxburghianum*) is a flowering plant in the family *Apiaceae*. It is grown extensively in the South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Indonesia. Its aromatic dried fruits, like its close relative ajwain, are often used in Bengali cuisine but are rarely used in the rest of India. The fresh leaves are used as an herb in Thailand and it is used medicinally in Myanmar. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachyspermum_roxburghianum]
Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) Craib
carum roxburghianum
trachyspermum roxburghianum
randhuni plant
*Curcuma zanthorrhiza*, known as temulawak, Java ginger, Javanese ginger, or Javanese turmeric is a plant species, belonging to the ginger family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuma_zanthorrhiza]
Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.
curcuma xanthorrhiza
curcuma zanthorrhiza
temulawak plant
*Vanilla tahitensis* is a vine that grows on trees for support. It has zig-zag stems, narrow elliptic leaves and yellowish-green flowers, which are followed by bunches of bean-like pods. As compared to the more widely grown Vanilla planifolia, the pods are shorter and broader, and its taste and fragrance are also distinctive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_tahitensis]
Vanilla tahitensis J. W. Moore
vanilla tahitensis
tahitian vanilla plant
Persian lime (*Citrus × latifolia*), also known by other common names such as seedless lime, Bearss lime and Tahiti lime, is a citrus fruit species of hybrid origin, known only in cultivation. The fruit is about 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in diameter, often with slightly nippled ends, and is usually sold while green, although it yellows as it reaches full ripeness. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_lime]
Citrus latifolia (Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka
bearss lime
citrus latifolia
seedless lime
tahiti lime
persian lime plant
*Crataegus mexicana* is a species of hawthorn known by the common names tejocote, manzanita, tejocotera and Mexican hawthorn. The fruit is eaten in Mexico cooked, raw, or canned. It is a main ingredient used in ponche, the traditional Mexican hot fruit punch [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crataegus_mexicana]
PLANTS:CRME12
Crataegus mexicana DC.
crataegus mexicana
manzanita
tejocote
mexican hawthorn plant
Saturn peaches, *Prunus persica* var. *platycarpa* (also known as donut (or doughnut) peaches), are a variety of peach with white flesh and a flattish, round shape.
UFO peach
anjeer peach
bagel peach
belly-up peach
chinese flat peach
custard peach
doughnut peach
flat peach
hat peach
pan tao peach
pita peach
pumpkin peach
saucer peach
squashed peach
paraguayo peach
saturn peach
flat peach plant
*Schisandra* (magnolia vine) is a genus of twining shrub
native to East Asia, and its dried fruit is sometimes used medicinally. The berries of *S. chinensis* are given the name wu wei zi in Chinese, which translates as "five flavor fruit" because they possess all five basic flavors in Chinese herbal medicine: salty, sweet, sour, pungent (spicy), and bitter. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schisandra]
PLANTS:SCHIS2
Schisandra Michx.
Schisandra spp.
five-flavor-fruit
magnolia-vine
schisandra plant
*Rubus arcticus*, the Arctic bramble or Arctic raspberry, is a species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family, found in arctic and alpine regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Its dark red fruit is considered a delicacy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus_arcticus]
PLANTS:RUAR
Rubus arcticus L.
arctic blackberry
arctic raspberry
rubus arcticus
arctic bramble plant
*Rubus coreanus*, known as bokbunja, Korean black raspberry, or Korean bramble, is a species of raspberry native to Korea, Japan, and China. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus_coreanus]
Rubus coreanus Miq.
korean black raspberry
rubus coreanus
korean bramble plant
*Echinacea* is a genus, or group of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. The *Echinacea* genus has nine species, which are commonly called coneflowers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea]
PLANTS:ECHIN
Echinacea
Echinacea Moench
Echinacea spp.
echinacea
purple coneflower plant
Chinese sweet tea is a traditional Chinese herbal tea, made from the leaves of Chinese Blackberry (*Rubus suavissimus*). These leaves contain a natural sweetener, called rubusoside, which is 200 times as sweet as cane sugar. The tea has long been used to alleviate kidney symptoms, and a recent Japanese study also indicates that it has anti-inflammatory effects and helps against allergies. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_sweet_tea]
Rubus suavissimus S. K. Lee
chinese blackberry
rubus suavissimus
sweet-tea plant
Witch-hazels (*Hamamelis*) are a genus of flowering plants in the family *Hamamelidaceae*, with four species in North America (*H. mexicana, H. ovalis, H. virginiana, H. vernalis*), and one each in Japan (*H. japonica*) and China (*H. mollis*). The leaves and bark of the North American witch-hazel, *Hamamelis virginiana*, may be used to produce an astringent decoction as a cooling agent for various uses in traditional medicine, herbalism, and skincare products. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch-hazel]
PLANTS:HAMAM
Hamamelis
Hamamelis L.
Hamamelis spp.
hamamelis
witch-hazel plant
*Cyclopia*, better known by the common name Honeybush, or Heuningbos in Afrikaans, is a genus of some 20 species of flowering plants in the legume family, *Fabaceae*, of the subfamily *Faboideae*. The leaves of honeybush are commonly used to make herbal teas. It grows only in small areas in the southwest and southeast of South Africa and has many similarities with rooibos. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopia_(plant)]
Cyclopia Vent.
cyclopia genistoides
cyclopia intermedia
cyclopia sessiflora
cyclopia subternata
honeybush plant
Chrysanthemums, sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus *Chrysanthemum* in the family *Asteraceae*. Yellow or white chrysanthemum flowers of the species *C. morifolium* are boiled to make a tea in some parts of Asia. Chrysanthemum leaves are steamed or boiled and used as greens, especially in Chinese cuisine. The flowers may be added to dishes
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemum]
PLANTS:CHRYS2
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum L.
Chrysanthemum spp.
daisy
chrysanthemum plant
*Archidendron pauciflorum*, commonly known as Djenkol, Jenkol or Jering is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, *Fabaceae*. It is native to Southeast Asia, where the seeds are a popular dish. The beans and leaves of the djenkol tree are traditionally used for medicinal purposes such as purifying the blood. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archidendron_pauciflorum]
Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I. C. Nielsen
Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen
Archidendron jiringa (Jack) I.C.Nielsen
archidendron jiringa
archidendron pauciflorum
djenkol
jengkol plant
The *Pinaceae* (pine family) are trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinaceae]
pinaceae
pine family
Firs (*Abies*) are a genus of 48-56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fir]
PLANTS:ABIES
Abies
Abies Mill.
Abies spp.
abies
fir plant
*Robinia* is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily *Faboideae*, native to North America and northern Mexico. Commonly known as locusts, they are deciduous trees and shrubs growing 4-25 metres (13-82 ft) tall. The flowers are used as tea, and in pancakes. *Robinia flowers* are consumed as fritters in many parts of Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinia]
PLANTS:ROBIN
Robinia
Robinia L.
Robinia spp.
robinia
robinia pseudoacacia
locust tree
*Cestrum* is a genus of - depending on authority - 150-250 species of flowering plants in the family *Solanaceae*. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. They are colloquially known as cestrums or jessamines (from "jasmine", due to their fragrant flowers).
All parts of the plants are toxic, causing severe gastroenteritis if eaten. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cestrum]
PLANTS:CESTR
Cestrum
Cestrum L.
Cestrum spp.
cestrums
jessamines
cestrum plant
*Lycium* is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*.
Common names for the genus include box-thorn, desert-thorn, wolfberry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycium]
PLANTS:LYCIU
Lycium
Lycium L.
Lycium spp.
lycium plant
*Solanum* is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include two food crops of high economic importance, the potato and the tomato. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit.
*Solanum* species show a wide range of growing habits, such as annual and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees. Many formerly independent genera like *Lycopersicon* (the tomatoes) and *Cyphomandra* are now included in *Solanum* as subgenera or sections. Thus, the genus today contains roughly 1,500-2,000 species.
PLANTS:SOLAN
Solanum
Solanum L.
Solanum spp.
solanum plant
*Amaranthus dubius*, the red spinach, Chinese spinach, spleen amaranth, hon-toi-moi, yin choy, or hsien tsai is a plant species. It belongs to the economically important family *Amaranthaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_dubius]
PLANTS:AMDU
Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.
amaranthus dubius
spleen amaranth plant
amaranthus viridis
slender amaranth
green amaranth plant
New Rice for Africa ("NERICA") is a cultivar group of interspecific hybrid rice developed by the Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) to improve the yield of African rice cultivars. The new rice for Africa was created by crossing *Oryza glaberrima* and Oryza sativa*.
nerica
oryza sativa x oryza glaberrima
Nerica rice plant
*Blumea* is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the *Asteraceae* family. Many species of genus *Blumea* are used in traditional Chinese medicine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blumea]
Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce
blumea
blumea lanceolaria
blumea plant
Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch.
allium oschaninii
french shallot
french grey shallot plant
An Asian species of onion native to central and southwestern Asia.
Allium stipitatum
Allium stipitatum Regel
allium hirtifolium
persian shallot plant
*Satureja biflora*, known as "lemon savory", grows widely in Southern and Eastern parts of Africa. The plant has been used in Kenyan and Tanzanian traditional medicine as an antimicrobial, spasmolytic, diuretic, analgesic, and cicatrizing herb. [Moghdadam et al. (2015) Metabolite profiling for caffeic acid oligomers in *Satureja biflora*. Industrial Crops and Products, 76; 892-899]
african lemon savory
micromeria biflora
satureja biflora
lemon savory plant
*Agathosma betulina* (previously *Barosma betulina*) is a flowering plant in the family *Rutaceae*, native to the lower elevation mountains of western South Africa, where it occurs near streams in fynbos habitats. It is known by the common name round leaf buchu and has historically been used as a flavoring agent and an herbal remedy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathosma_betulina]
PLANTS:AGBE2
Agathosma betulina (Bergius) Pill.
Agathosma betulina (P. J. Bergius) Pillans
Agathosma betulina (P.J. Bergius) Pillans
Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans
agathosma betulina
barosma betulina
honey buchu
mountain bucho
buchu plant
*Swertia* is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the felworts. Some species bear very showy purple and blue flowers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swertia]
swertia
felwort plant
*Lycopodium* is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedar, in the family *Lycopodiaceae*, a family of fern-allies - *Lycopodium* sp. herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or externally as compresses [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopodium]
lycopodium spp.
clubmoss plant
*Sideritis*, also known as ironwort, mountain tea and shepherd's tea, is a genus of flowering plants well known for their use as herbal medicine, commonly as an herbal tea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideritis]
mountain tea
shepherd's tea
sideritis spp.
ironwort plant
*Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, also called jiaogulan, is a dioecious, herbaceous climbing vine of the *family Cucurbitaceae* (cucumber or gourd family) indigenous to the southern reaches of China, northern Vietnam, southern Korea, and Japan. Jiaogulan is best known as an herbal medicine reputed to have powerful antioxidant and adaptogenic effects purported to increase longevity. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynostemma_pentaphyllum]
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
gynostemma pentaphyllum
jiaogulan plant
*Alchemilla* is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family *Rosaceae*, with the common name "lady's mantle" applied generically as well as specifically to *Alchemilla mollis* when referred to as garden plant, the plant used as herbal tea or for medicinal usage such as gynaecological disorders is *Alchemilla xanthochlora* or in Middle Europe the so-called common lady's mantle *Alchemilla vulgaris*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemilla]
alchemilla
lady's mantle plant
*Cistus* is a genus of flowering plants in the rockrose family *Cistaceae*, containing about 20 species. In popular medicine, infusions of cistuses are used to treat diarrhea. *Cistus incanus* specifically is traditionally used for cold, flu, respiratory tract infections, etc. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistus]
cistus
rock rose
rockrose plant
*Monarda* is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. Common names include bee balm, horsemint, oswego tea, and bergamot, the latter inspired by the fragrance of the leaves. Several species, including Monarda fistulosa and M. didyma, have a long history of use as medicinal plants by many Native Americans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarda]
bee balm
bergamot
horsemint
monarda spp.
oswego tea
beebalm plant
*Antennaria* is a genus of herbaceous perennial plants in the family *Asteraceae*, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include catsfoot or cat's-foot, pussytoes and everlasting.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antennaria]
antennaria
antennaria dioica
cat's foot
catsfoot
pussytoes plant
The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus *Paeonia*, the only genus in the family *Paeoniaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peony]
PLANTS:PAEON
Paeonia
Paeonia L.
Paeonia spp.
paeonia
paeonia officinalis
peony plant
*Helichrysum arenarium* is also known as dwarf everlast, and as immortelle. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helichrysum_arenarium]
Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench
dwarf everlast
helichrysum arenarium
immortelle
yellow chasteweed
yellow everlasting daisy
sandy everlasting plant
*Krameria* is the only genus in the *Krameriaceae* family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried root of para rhatany (*Krameria argentea*) or Peruvian rhatany (*Krameria lappacea*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krameria]
Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B. B. Simpson
krameria
rhatany
ratany plant
*Cinchona* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Rubiaceae* containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchona]
PLANTS:CINCH
Cinchona
Cinchona L.
Cinchona spp.
cinchona spp.
cinchona plant
*Marsdenia cundurango* is a species of plant of the genus *Marsdenia* with the common name Condurango. It is native to Peru and Ecuador in South America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsdenia_cundurango]
Marsdenia cundurango Rchb. f.
Marsdenia cundurango Rchb. fil.
condorvine
marsdenia cundurango
condurango plant
*Handroanthus impetiginosus*, pink ipê, pink lapacho, or pink trumpet tree is a native tree of family *Bignoniaceae* of the Americas, distributed from northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. The inner bark of *Handroanthus impetiginosus* is used in traditional medicine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handroanthus_impetiginosus]
Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos
handroanthus impetiginosus
lapacho
pink trumpet-tree plant
*Solidago virgaurea* (European goldenrod or woundwort) is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family *Asteraceae*. This plant was cultivated in the Arab world, who used it in their medical system. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries it was used in Europe to heal wounds. It has astringent, diuretic, antiseptic and other properties. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidago_virgaurea]
Solidago virgaurea L.
solidago virgaurea
european goldenrod plant
The term Uziza refers to the dried fruit of the West African deciduous shrub *Zanthoxylum tessmannii* (syn.), syn. *Fagara tessmannii*, a member of the 'prickly ash' *Zanthoxylum* family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzazi]
*Zanthoxylum gilletii*, the East African satin wood, is a tree species in the genus *Zanthoxylum* found in Africa. The fruits are used to produce the spice uzazi. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanthoxylum_gilletii]
fagara tessmannii
zanthoxylum gilletii
zanthoxylum tessmannii
uzazi fruit
*Pyrus × bretschneideri* (or *Pyrus ×bretschneideri*), the ya pear or pearple or Chinese white pear, is an interspecific hybrid species of pear native to North China, where it is widely grown for its edible fruit.
Along with cultivars of *P. pyrifolia* and *P. ussuriensis*, the fruit is also called the nashi pear. These very juicy, white to light yellow pears, unlike the round Nashi pears (*P. pyrifolia*) that are also grown in eastern Asia, are shaped more like the European pear (*Pyrus communis*), narrow towards the stem end. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus_×_bretschneideri]
Pyrus x bretschneideri Rehder
pyrus x bretschneideri
ya pear
chinese white pear plant
*Dracontomelon* is a genus of flowering plants in the family *Anacardiaceae*. The most commonly eaten species is *Dracontomelon duperreanum*, which produces an edible fruit that is eaten in Cambodia, Vietnam and China. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracontomelon]
dracontomelon spp.
dracontomelon plant
A plant of the genus Actinidia.
MANSFELD:26714
actinidia spp.
kiwifruit
"The fruit is a large berry containing numerous small seeds; in most species, the fruit is edible. In particular, this genus is known for the species *Actinidia deliciosa*, the kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry, and for the hardy ornamental Actinidia kolomikta. [...]
Kiwifruit (often abbreviated as kiwi) or Chinese gooseberry is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus *Actinidia*. The most common cultivar group of kiwifruit is oval, about the size of a large hen's egg. It has a fibrous, dull greenish-brown skin and bright green or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible seeds. [...]
The most common kiwifruit is the fuzzy kiwifruit, from the species *Actinidia deliciosa*. Other species that are commonly eaten include golden kiwifruit (*Actinidia chinensis*), Chinese egg gooseberry (*Actinidia coriacea*), hardy kiwifruit (*Actinidia arguta*), Arctic kiwifruit (*Actinidia kolomikta*), purple kiwifruit (*Actinidia melanandra*), silver vine (*Actinidia polygama*), hearty red kiwifruit (*Actinidia purpurea*)." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwifruit
actinidia plant
*Arenga* is a genus of palms, native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenga]
arenga spp.
arenga palm plant
root, tuber or bulb, with part of top
Flower stem or large, fleshy leafstalk (petiole), such as a rhubarb stalk without the leaf blade. For a large, fleshy leafstalk with the leaf blade use *PLANT ABOVE SURFACE*. Compare *LEAF*, *SPEAR, SHOOT* AND *SPROUT*.
stalk (without leaves)
stem or stalk (without leaves)
A seed which has germinated and put out shoots.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprouting
germinated or sprouted seed
Animal body with skin, feathers or scales from which the internal organs have been removed and the internal cavity cleaned. Some or all of the organs are sold with the carcass.
whole animal, with skin, feathers or scales, eviscerated
organ meat, digestive system
A broad term that includes the nutritive sweeteners dextrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are simple carbohydrates with molecules composed of one or two saccharide units. Note that on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. Use the broad term *SUGAR* only if the specific sugar used is not known or not listed in the vocabulary.
sugar
pancreas or thymus
sweetbreads
thymus or pancreas
core, seed, or peel
seed, peel or core
LanguaL curation note: Used for a fruit byproduct consisting of peel, core or seed (with adjacent tissue) or of fruit from which the juice has been extracted or expressed.
peel, core or seed
A thin membrane covering the seed of a plant.
bran (pericarp)
LanguaL curation note: Compare *SHELL (SEED)*.
skin or bran (pericarp)
pod with seeds removed
A broad term that includes milk and its components, cream, curd and whey; use the appropriate specific term when milk or a milk product is the principal ingredient. Use the appropriate term under *MEAT ANIMAL* to index the source of the milk (note: 21 CFR 131.110 defines milk as cow's milk).
LanguaL curation note: For 'whole milk' combine *MILK OR MILK PRODUCT* (A. PRODUCT TYPE) with *MILK* (C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL); for 'lowfat cottage cheese' combine *UNCURED CHEESE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE) with *CURD* (C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL) and *FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED* (H. TREATMENT APPLIED).
mammalian milk or milk component
degerminated seed or kernel
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDETERMINED, GERM REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin undetermined, germ removed
Anatomical or other part(s) or substances derived from plant or animal or fungal organisms.
This was renamed from "part of organism" (and from LanguaL's original "part of plant or animal") to encompass organism material that is produced by an animal or plant rather than "part of" it, such as an egg, and might not be countable per se, such as milk. Additionally the existing definition's "from which a food product or its major ingredient is derived." was removed as an unnecessary constraint. [2023/03/02]
LanguaL curation note: "e.g. *LEAF*, *ROOT OR TUBER*, *ORGAN MEAT*, *MILK* OR *EGG*; it also includes components of parts, such as *CREAM*, and extracts, concentrates or isolates, such as *PROTEIN EXTRACT* or *SUGAR*."
organism material
Used for mixtures of pods and seeds.
LanguaL curation note: Used for mixtures of pods and seeds.
pod and full-size seed, mixture
A degerminated seed.
endosperm with bran
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT, GERM REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin present, germ removed
whole animal, skinned, defeathered or scaled, eviscerated
Bone, feathers, shell, skin or trim fat.
LanguaL curation note: *BLOOD* AND *INK, AQUATIC ANIMAL* are now listed under organism substance.
nonmeat part of animal
boneless meat
skeletal meat part, without bone, skin undetermined
skeletal meat part, without bone or shell
This class and its subclasses can be used if it is ambiguous whether the reference is being made to a whole animal or some part of it, including parts of organs rather than whole organs.
LanguaL curation note: Includes carcass meat, organ meat, and nonmeat parts of animals, as well as the whole animal.
animal (whole or parts)
organ meat, cardiovascular system
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED, GERM PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin removed, germ present
Whole grains are cereal grains (NT of *GRAIN [B1324]*) that consist of the intact, ground, cracked or flaked caryopsis, whose principal anatomical components - the starchy endosperm, germ and bran - are present in the same relative proportions as they exist in the intact caryopsis - should be considered a whole grain food.
This definition means that 100% of the original kernel all of the bran, germ, and endosperm must be present to qualify as a whole grain.
Whole grains or foods made from them contain all the essential parts and naturally-occurring nutrients of the entire grain seed. If the grain has been processed (e.g., cracked, crushed, rolled, extruded, and/or cooked), the food product should deliver approximately the same rich balance of nutrients that are found in the original grain seed.[http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm059088.htm]
bean (part of plant)
whole grain
whole kernel
LanguaL curation note: In the case of grains (NT of *GRAIN [B1324]*), the descriptor can be used to describe whole grains, which may include may include amaranth, barley, buckwheat, bulgur, corn (including popcorn), millet, quinoa, rice, rye, oats, sorghum, teff, triticale, wheat, and wild rice.*
Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT, GERM PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin present, germ present
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin removed
bran and other parts of seed or kernel
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin present
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN UNDETERMINED, GERM PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin undetermined, germ present
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel present
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel removed
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel present, core, pit or seed removed
fruit or berry, bunch
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL PRESENT, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel present, core, pit or seed present
bran and germ
germ and bran
LanguaL curation note: This broad term is used for the plant as a whole, excluding the root and the fruit; for any piece consisting of two or more individual parts (e.g., a celery stalk with the leaf blades attached); or for any mixture of two or more individual parts (e.g., mushroom stems and pieces).
plant above surface, excluding fruit and seed
organ meat, urogenital system
whole animal, skinned, defeathered or scaled, not eviscerated
The parts of a plant that are not fruit or seed.
flower, root, stem or leaf
leaf, flower, root or stem
stem, leaf, flower or root
root, stem, leaf or flower
A whole plant or one or more pieces from one or more plants.
plant (whole or pieces)
head (plant)
Extract, concentrate or isolate high in sugar, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.
carbohydrate extract, concentrate, or isolate
dehulled seed
kernel
nut, shelled (part or portion)
seed or kernel, skin undetermined
seed without shell or hull
shelled seed
obsolete: seed (anatomical part)
true
A pod is a slightly thickened tissue that surrounds the seeds and that dries and opens as the fruit becomes ripe.
seed or pod
pod or seed
The tender leaves and adjacent tissue at the center of a plant.
heart (plant)
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDETERMINED, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel undetermined, core, pit or seed present
The fleshy fruit of any plant. *FRUIT* includes vegetables berries and pods as well. The bulk of a fruit is its fleshy part, which is covered by a peel (skin) and which encloses a core, pit or seeds.
berry
berry or fruit (anatomical part)
fruit or berry, peel undetermined
hip (fruit)
infructescence
LanguaL curation note: The descriptors under *FRUIT* are arrayed so that the indexer can check first whether the peel is present, removed or undetermined; then check the same informationfor the core, pit or seeds. For juices, beverages or jellies made from fruit, Index the entire part from which the product is derived.
Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit part
Bone (endoskeleton) or shell (exoskeleton) of animals, or any part thereof.
shell (animal)
bone or shell
LanguaL curation note: Used for immature, fleshy pods that are used for the pod rather than the seed, e.g., green beans.
pod containing small, immature seed
'invert sugar' is a combination of glucose and fructose derived from disaccharide sucrose.
invert sugar
LanguaL curation note: Used when the entire animal body is the food source. Head or tail may have been removed. Use the appropriate narrower term depending on the presence or absence of skin, feathers, scales, fins and/or entrails. The body may have been cut into pieces or disintegrated.
whole animal or most parts used
Carcass meat from any type of animal including poultry and seafood. Includes retail and wholesale cuts other than organ meat. Refers to the whole carcass or parts.
skeletal meat part
seed part
A leafy or fibrous envelope of a fruit or seed.
LanguaL curation note: Compare *SHELL (SEED)*.
husk
embryo (seed)
seed germ
A young plant growing from a seed; may have small leaves. The endosperm is diminished or removed.
Damion Dooley's note: how to incorporate PO's "coleorhiza emergence stage" ?
LanguaL curation note: Compare *GERMINATED OR SPROUTED SEED* and *STEM, STALK (WITHOUT LEAVES)*.
sprout
A young, tender flower stem growing from a root or tuber, for example, an asparagus spear or a bamboo shoot.
shoot
tip
LanguaL curation note: Do not use for *SPROUT*, which grows from a seed. Compare *STEM, STALK (WITHOUT LEAVES)*.
spear or shoot
The stomach of a beef cow.
tripe
Poultry, game bird or turtle eggs.
LanguaL curation note: Fish roe are indexed under *OVARY, ROE*.
egg or egg component
The female reproductive organs of animals (e.g., fish roe, coral of a lobster).
roe
ovary, roe
The bulk of a seed; germ and bran are removed.
endosperm
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *SEED OR KERNEL, SKIN REMOVED, GERM REMOVED (ENDOSPERM)* in LanguaL 2008.
seed, skin removed, germ removed (endosperm)
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL UNDETERMINED, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel undetermined, core, pit or seed removed
Edible organ meat, including blood and bone marrow.
variety meat
organ meat
The egg yolk and albumen component of one or more eggs with shell removed.
Damion Dooley
egg (without shell)
LanguaL curation note: Used for seeds in hard shells rather than pods. Examples include brazil nuts, walnuts, almonds and peanuts.
seed(s) in shell or hull
flesh of fruit
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR SEED REMOVED* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL REMOVED, CORE, PIT OR SEED PRESENT* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed present
The male reproductive organs and secretions of animals.
milt, soft roe
soft roe
testis, milt or soft roe
Extract, concentrate or isolate high in protein; may contain amino acids, polypeptides and enzymes.
protein extract, concentrate or isolate
The pigmented blossom of a plant that contains the reproductive organs; a floret is a single flower of a multiple flowered inflorescence. Also includes flower buds.
bud (flower)
floret or flower
bulb, root or tuber
tuber, bulb or root
root, tuber or bulb
root, tuber or bulb, with peel
root, tuber or bulb, without peel
ear (corn)
seed on cob, with or without husk
skeletal meat part, with bone, skin undetermined
skeletal meat part, with bone or shell
The serum or watery part of milk that is separated from the thicker or more coagulable part or curd, espcially in the process of making cheese; it contains lactose, minerals and lactalbumin.
whey
mammalian milk whey
LanguaL curation note: Used for the shell of a seed; usually hard and/or dry. A *HUSK*, if any, is outside a shell; the *SKIN, BRAN (PERICARP)* covers the seed found inside the shell.
seed shell
fat, separable
separable fat part
LanguaL curation note: Used for intact pieces of animal fat. Refined animal fat is indexed under *FAT OR OIL*.
fat trimmings
Meat from organs that do not belong to the cardiovascular, digestive or urogenital system.
organ meat, other systems
The round upper portion of a mushroom.
button
cap, button
A flavoring substance derived from a natural source by processes such as distillation, expression or extraction. An essential oil is a fragrant, volatile, oily substance insoluble in water. An oleoresin is a combination of essential oils and resins. These two types cover most but not all flavoring substances.
essential oil, oleoresin or other flavoring substance
root, tuber or bulb, peel only
LanguaL curation note: Used for pods that contain full-sized seeds, e.g., peas in a pod. Often the pods are removed before consumpion.
pod containing full-size seeds
skeletal meat part, with bone, with skin
skeletal meat part, with bone, without skin
skeletal meat part, without bone, with skin
skeletal meat part, without bone, without skin
separable lean meat and fat part
total edible meat part
LanguaL curation note: Used for meat products only when it is known that such are designated as 'total edible' or 'separable lean and fat'.
skeletal meat part, without bone and skin, with separable fat
separable lean meat part
LanguaL curation note: Used for meat products only when it is known that such are designated as 'separable lean'.
skeletal meat part, without bone and skin, without separable fat
LanguaL curation note: Used when a sugar syrup or sugar syrup solids is the major ingredient. Sugar syrup is a liquid or semiliquid high in sugar content derived from a plant source through extraction possibly followed by conversion and/or concentration. A sugar syrup usually contains several sugars in varying proportions. Sugar syrup solids are derived by removing water from sugar syrup.
sugar syrup or syrup solids
high fructose syrup
whole animal, with skin, feathers or scales, not eviscerated
skeletal meat part, with bone, without skin, with separable fat
skeletal meat part, with bone, without skin, without separable fat
An additional covering that forms on certain seeds after fertilisation, developing from the stalk of the ovule (Source: Webster's)
obsolete: seed aril
true
The broken outer coat, or husk, of grains of wheat, rye, oats, etc. separated from the flour after grinding, as by sifting (Source: Webster's)
LANGUAL:C0288
seed bran
The hard, central part of an apple, pear, etc., that contains the seeds (Source: Webster's)
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, CORE ONLY* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit core (anatomical part)
The rind or skin of fruit
Webster's Dictionary
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, PEEL ONLY* in LanguaL 2008.
fruit peel (anatomical part)
The part of a flowering plant that typically contains the embryo with its protective coat and stored food and that can develop into a new plant under the proper conditions; fertilised and mature ovule (Source: Webster's). Seeds and fruits commonly called seeds include: grain, kernel, berry, ear, corn, nut. (Source: Webster's Thesaurus).
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *FRUIT OR BERRY, SEED ONLY in LanguaL 2008.
fruit seed (anatomical part)
The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant germs (e.g. wheat germ oil, corn germ oil) /AM
germ oil
The oil or fat produced by extracting the lipids from liver, usually fish liver (e.g. cod liver oil, haddock liver oil, shark oil) /AM
liver oil
The oil or fat produced by extracting the lipids from fruit or vegetable peel /AM
peel oil
The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant seeds (e.g. grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil) /AM
seed oil
coarsely grated
coarsely ground
cracked into small size pieces
crumbs
flaked (physical state)
grated coarsely
minced
shredded
divided into pieces, thickness <0.3 cm.
bolted
sifted (bolted)
medium ground and sifted (bolted)
A liquid that flows slowly at room temperature. Examples are: some heavy liqueurs, evaporated milk, vegetable oil, molasses and honey. The range of high viscosity liquids spans sucrose solutions between 45 and 70% solids (viscosity range from 10 to 500 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food.
liquid, thick
food (liquid, high viscosity)
liquid, very thick
LanguaL curation note: Used for liquid food products that are very thick but still pourable.
food (semiliquid)
whole and pieces
whole, shape achieved by forming, thickness 1.5-7 cm.
flour (physical state)
powdered
pulverized
finely ground
segmented
wedge-shaped
LanguaL curation note: Used for solid products that are divided into more than four pieces each of which is the same shape (e.g., wedge of cheese).
divided into segments or wedges
physical state, shape or form, multiple
A liquid that flows very easily at room temperature. Examples are: water, apple juice, sherry, acidophilus milk, whipping cream and some heavy liqueurs. The range of low viscosity liquid spans sucrose solutions between 0 and 45% solids (viscosity range from 1 to 10 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food.
liquid, thin
food (liquid, low viscosity)
semiliquid with solid pieces
LanguaL curation note: Used when the thickness of a piece size is between 0.3 and 1.5 cm. and the overall length is less than 5 cm., e.g., cut green beans.
cut into short pieces
The physical state of the food product (liquid, semiliquid, semisolid, or solid). Solid food products are further subdivided by shape or form. Terms are provided for products that have both liquid and solid components or that incorporate air or other gases. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
Damion Dooley's note: these categories need to be mapped over to PATO phenotypic categories, with a suitable treatment of mixtures of solids that are divided into parts.
food physical quality
food (liquid, low viscosity, with small particles)
chopped
diced
cracked into medium size pieces
divided into pieces, thickness 0.3-1.5 cm.
halved
LanguaL curation note: Used for solid products that are divided into two identical pieces (e.g., peach halves).
divided into halves
meal
medium ground
mashed
strained
semisolid with smooth consistency
food (liquid, high viscosity, with small particles)
LanguaL curation note: The distinctions in this category are based on size characteristics, primarily thickness, which are important for heat transfer and for diffusion of chemicals in processing. *DIVIDED INTO HALVES, QUARTERS OR SEGMENTS* should be examined first and if one of the descriptors listed applies it should be used regardless of the size of the pieces. If none of these are applicable, other *DIVIDED OR DISINTEGRATED* descriptors should be examined. Do not use any of these descriptors if dividing or disintegrating results in a semiliquid or semisolid product.
divided or disintegrated
food (liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles)
sliced, thick, between 0.5 and 1.5 cm.
chopped
broken into large pieces
cut into large pieces
divided into pieces, thickness more than 1.5 cm.
A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*.
fluid
food (liquid)
Refers to natural or formed shape as appropriate, regardless of size, which may vary from very large (e.g., beef carcass) to very small (e.g., poppy seed, yeast cell).
whole
Divided into pieces whose shape is defined in relation to the shape of the whole, i.e., halves, quarters, or segments. It is used regardless of the size of the whole.
divided into halves, quarters or segments
LanguaL curation note: Used for semisolid products that contain medium or small particles. The particles may be natural or formed whole shapes or may have been produced by dividing or disintegrating solids. Also included are products consisting of medium or small particles that are joined into a semisolid mass by naturally present or added oil, water, or other binding agents. The same particles without the binding agents would be indexed by the appropriate narrower term under *SOLID*.
semisolid with solid pieces
semiliquid with smooth consistency
LanguaL curation note: Used when particle size is below 0.2 cm.
disintegrated or ground
LanguaL curation note: Used for solid products that are divided into uniformly thin pieces (e.g., sliced bread).
sliced
food (liquid, high viscosity, with solid pieces)
food (liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles)
crumbs achieved by forming
granule, food
pellet, food
tablet, food
whole, shape achieved by forming, thickness 0.3-1.5 cm.
LanguaL curation note: Used when the thickness of a piece size is between 0.3 and 1.5 cm. and the overall length is greater than 5 cm., e.g., french fries.
cut into long pieces
Quasi-Solid, or, semisolid is the physical term for something whose state lies between a solid and a liquid.
plastic (state)
pseudoplastic (state)
semiplastic (state)
slush
thixotropic (state)
LanguaL curation note: Used for soft food products that are formable or spreadable but not pourable. The product may be smooth or contain discrete particles.
food (semisolid)
french cut
shoestring
sliced, thin, below 0.5 cm.
whole, shape achieved by forming, thickness bigger than 7 cm.
stick, formed
LanguaL curation note: Used only for solid food products, i.e. hard or soft products capable of retaining a definite shape at room temperature (20 degrees C.). Examples of whole formed products are: whole cheese, apple pie, loaf of unsliced bread, noodle, yeast tablet and cornflake.
whole, shape achieved by forming
quartered
LanguaL curation note: Used for solid products that are divided into four identical pieces (e.g., quartered artichoke heart).
divided into quarters
food (liquid, low viscosity, with solid pieces)
LanguaL curation note: Whole refers not only to a whole plant or animal but also to a whole part as indexed in C. PART OF PLANT OR ANIMAL; examples of whole natural products are: an apple, rice in grain form, an asparagus spear, a spinach leaf, a beef carcass, a dressed chicken, a chicken drumstick, a calf liver. Products may have been slightly modified during processing and preservation (e.g., raisins or a pear that has been peeled and cored).
whole, natural shape
A solid product is a hard or soft product capable of retaining its own shape at room temperature (20 degrees C.). A soft product that is spreadable or formable is considered semisolid.
solid
food (solid)
Divided into pieces whose shape bears little or no relation to the shape of the whole. If all dimensions are below 0.2 cm., use *DISINTEGRATED OR GROUND*. Examples are: bread slice, cubed beef, sliced carrot, cut green beans, apple ring, shredded cabbage or cheese.
divided into pieces
whole, shape achieved by forming, thickness <0.3 cm.
Food supplements are generally marketed in dose form designed to be taken in measured small unit quantities, such as pill, capsule, tablet, powder or liquid.
galenic formulation
food supplement form
A tablet is a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted into a solid. Tablets can be made in virtually any shape, although requirements of patients and tableting machines mean that most are round, oval or capsule shaped. Medicinal tablets and capsules are often called "pills". This is technically incorrect, since tablets are made by compression, whereas pills are ancient solid dose forms prepared by rolling a soft mass into a round shape. A caplet is a smooth, coated, oval shaped medicinal tablet in the shape of a capsule. [Wikipedia]
caplet
pill
edible tablet
Chewable tablets are the tablets which are required to be broken and chewed in between the teeth before ingestion. These tablets are given to the children who have difficulty in swallowing and to the adults who dislike swallowing. A number of antacid tablets and multivitamin tablets are prepared as chewable tablets. [http://www.pharmpedia.com/Chewable_tablets]
chewable tablet
non-chewable tablet
Effervescent tablets are uncoated tablets that generally contain acid substances and carbonates or bicarbonates and which react rapidly in the presence of water by releasing carbon dioxide. They are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use. [http://www.pharmpedia.com/Effervescent_tablet]
LANGUAL:E0158
effervescent tablet
The two main types of capsules are hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for dry, powdered ingredients, and soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil. Both of these classes of capsule are made both from gelatin and from plant-based gelling substances like carrageenans and modified forms of starch and cellulose. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_(pharmacy)]
WIKIPEDIA:Capsule_(pharmacy)
encapsulated
edible capsule
Traditionally hard gelatin capsules have been used for enclosure of powders or other solid substances like granules and pellets. Recently pastes and oils have also been filled in hard gelatin capsules. [http://www.pharmpedia.com/Hard_Gelatin_Capsules]
gel cap
LanguaL curation note: If appropriate, gelatin-free hard-shelled capsules can also be indexed with VEGAN/VEGETARIAN OR SUITABILITY FOR VEGAN/VEGETARIAN CLAIM OR USE [P0199] and/or KOSHER CLAIM OR USE [P0127].
hard gelatin capsule
Soft-shelled capsules are primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil. [Wikipedia]
softgel capsule
soft gelatin capsule
Powder for oral solution.
sachet
food supplement powder
LanguaL curation note: Use to index granules for oral solution.
food supplement granules
edible bar
ampoule
liquid, supplement form
Oral drops are liquid preparations for oral use that are intended to be administered in small volumes with the aid of a suitable measuring device.
oral drops
Syrup or suspension/emulsion.
syrup food supplement
oral spray
squirt
spray supplement
Parenteral preparations are not dietary supplements per se, but are included in this classification because of their importance in nutrient intake.
Parenteral preparations are sterile, pyrogen-free liquids (solutions, emulsions, or suspensions) or solid dosage forms containing one or more active ingredients, packaged in either single-dose or multidose containers. There are four main forms of parenteral preparations: injections, intravenous infusions (large volume parenterals), powders for injections, and implants. [http://apps.who.int/phint/en/p/docf/]
parenteral preparation
Medicinal use, e.g. B12 injections. Injection means the act of forcing a liquid into the body by means of a needle and syringe.
injection
shot
solution for injection
Infusion means the introduction of a substance, such as a fluid, electrolyte, nutrient, or drug, directly into a vein or interstitially by means of gravity flow.
intravenous feeding
intravenous infusion
solution for infusion
edible wafer
A lozenge is designed to dissolve in the mouth. For example, to soothe the throat as a cough drop. [http://www.MedicineNet.com]
troche
LanguaL curation note: Includes strips.
lozenge
edible gel
For example: Multivitamin Children's Supplement Gummies.
gummy
not cooked or raw
raw or uncooked
uncooked or raw
LanguaL curation note: Used when no heat treatment was applied or, if the extent of heat applied did not result in significant changes in the food.
not heat-treated
Used to broadly characterize a food product based on the extent of heat applied. Heat treatment affects the flavor and textural characteristics of a food and thus consumer preparation time. Heat treatment causes chemical changes and/or reduction of enzyme and of microbial activity and thus affects food safety and shelflife. Specifics of preparation are covered by *G. COOKING METHOD* and *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
extent of food heat treatment
cooked, fully
fully cooked
ready to eat (cooked)
LanguaL curation note: Used when heat was applied to a food product for a time sufficient to fully change its flavor and textural characteristics and to cause significant chemical changes and/or destruction of enzyme and microbial activity. The product can be consumed without further cooking.
fully heat-treated
brown and serve
cooked, partially
heat and serve
partially baked
partially cooked
prebaked
precooked
quick cooking
LanguaL curation note: Used when heat was applied to a food product for a time sufficient to partially change its flavor and textural characteristics and to cause some chemical changes and/or some reduction in enzyme and microbial activity. The product can be readied for consumption in a shortened cooking time. Products labeled 'quick cooking' are often partially heat treated. Some products are consumed partially heat-treated, e.g., pasteurized milk, blanched broccoli, or rare beef.
partially heat-treated
heat-treated
multiple heat treatments
LanguaL curation note: Used for foods containing several different components, each of which may have had a different *EXTENT OF HEAT TREATMENT*. An example would be a cheeseburger with a fully cooked bun and meat but a partially cooked slice of cheese and possibly raw tomato and lettuce.
heat-treated, multiple components, different degrees of treatment
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0002
food cooking
Cooked at moderate to high levels of heat in which no liquid is added and only small amounts of fat may be added to prevent sticking.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0004
dry cooked
LanguaL
cooking by dry heat
Cooked without moisture, covered or uncovered, in an oven.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0005
roasting
food baking
Cooked without moisture under or over intense direct heat.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0006
barbecuing
broiling
grilling
broiling or grilling
Cooked without moisture over direct heat from a charcoal fire.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0007
charcoal broiling
Cooking on a flat surface at medium heat with only a sufficient amount of fat used to prevent sticking.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0008
griddle cooking
Cooking by agitating the food over a dry, high heat source, resulting in exploding.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0009
cooked by popping
Cooking with direct heat until the surface of the food is browned, usually associated with bread or sandwiches.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0010
food toasting
Cooking in a microwave oven.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0011
cooking by microwave
Cooking in varying amounts of water, water-based liquid or steam.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0012
LanguaL curation note: If the food absorbs a significant amount of water, also used *REHYDRATED* or *WATER ADDED*.
cooking by moist heat
A process of cooking by moist heat which is effected by hot water or water-based liquid in a container.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0013
cooking in water or water-based liquid
A cooking in water or water-based liquid process in which the liquid is boiling.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0014
Water at standard atmospheric pressure (in other words, at sea level) will boil at a temperature of 100 degrees C (212 degrees F).
boiling in container
Cooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F.; water that is not absorbed into the food product is discarded after cooking.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0015
boiling and then draining
Cooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F. Liquid to solid ratio is greater than 2:1.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0016
boiling in large amount of liquid
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0017
boiling in small amount of liquid
Cooked in boiling water at 212 degrees F. The water incorporates itself into the product being cooked or is not discarded when cooking is complete.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0018
boiling without draining
Browned initially in fat and then tightly covered and cooked over low heat in a small amount of water.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0019
cooking by braising
Cooking in a moderate amount of liquid at just below the boiling point.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0020
poaching
stewing
cooking by simmering
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0021
cooking in steam
Cooked in a pressure cooker.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0022
pressure-cooked
steaming with pressure
Cooked suspended above boiling water.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0023
steaming without pressure
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0024
frying
cooking with fat or oil
Cooked by adding fat or oil to those foods that do not contain fat or oil that would render during the cooking process.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0025
oil roasted
cooking with added fat or oil
Cooked with sufficient fat or oil to coat and moisten the food being prepared, but not cooked in enough fat or oil to immerse the food.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0026
Use *griddle cooking* when only enough fat or oil is used to prevent sticking.
cooking in small amount of fat or oil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450008
Cooking in a very small amount of very hot fat, turning and browning the food on all sides.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0027
sauteing
sautéing
Cooked by frying foods quickly over high heat, stirring constantly. Only enough cooking oil is used to coat the bottom of the pan.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0028
stir-frying
Cooked in hot fat or oil deep enough to immerse the food entirely.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0029
deep-frying
deep-frying process
Cooked in fat or oil rendered from the food being prepared.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0030
cooking with inherent fat or oil
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0031
LanguaL curation note: Used when the food is cooked in a closed container such as a pouch immersed in hot water or steam.
heating container by immersion in water or steam
A food cooking method in which heat is transferred to the outside of a container.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0032
heating container
Heating a container that is placed in another container filled with boiling water.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0033
cooked over boiling water
double boiler cooked
heating container in double boiler
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450034
Heating a container that is placed in another container filled with water kept near the boiling point.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0034
bain-marie cooked
heating container by water bath
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03450033
A chinese cooking technique similar to sauteing in which thick slices or chunks of floured or battered ingredients are slow seared over moderate to low heat.
Kuo, The key to chinese cooking, Knopf, 1977, p.87
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0035
shallow frying
shallow frying process
Extracting flavor and other components from food sources by immersion in water, usually at near-boiling temperature.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0036
steeping
A process to bring an already fully cooked product to serving temperature.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0037
LanguaL curation note: Do not use for a process that completes the cooking of a partially cooked food.
food reheating
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0038
food reheating by microwave
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0039
food reheating by dry heat
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0040
food reheating by boil-in-bag
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0041
food reheating in pan or cooking utensil
A Chinese cooking technique to prepare delicate food such as bird nests, shark fins, etc. The food is covered with water and put in a covered ceramic jar and the jar is then steamed for several hours.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_steaming
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0043
double boiling
This technique ensures there is no loss of liquid or moisture (its essences) from the food being cooked, hence it is often used with expensive ingredients like Chinese herbal medicines. [Wikipedia]
double steaming
Rotisserie is a style of roasting where meat is skewered on a spit and revolves over a flame or other heat source.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0044
The rotation cooks the meat evenly in its own juices and allows easy access for continuous basting if desired. [Wikipedia]
rotisserie roasting
Searing is a technique used in grilling, roasting, braising, sautéing, etc. that cooks the surface of the food at high temperature so that a brownish crust forms by Maillard reaction and denaturation of proteins.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0045
pan searing
A similar technique, browning, is typically used to sear or brown all sides of a particular piece of meat, fish, poultry, etc. before finishing it in the oven. To obtain the desired brown crust, the meat surface must exceed 300 °F (150 °C), so searing requires the meat surface be free of water, which boils at around 212 °F (100 °C).
searing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0046
LanguaL curation note: Use when a pie crust or other pastry is baked without the filling.
blind baking
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0047
pressure frying
LanguaL curation note: Use when e.g. meat and cooking oil are brought to high temperatures while pressure is held high enough that the water within is prevented from boiling off.
pressure frying process
flavoring or spice extract or concentrate added
flavoring or spice extract or concentrate
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0101
cultured
pickled by fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0102
proteolytic fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0103
LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term for a food product that was prepared from a natural food product by removing an endogeneous component and adding a component of the same class. Index the specific component added under *INGREDIENT ADDED*, regardless of its level.
component substitution process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0106
LanguaL curation note: Used when a color is added that is exempt from certification and considered safe for use.
food noncertified color addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0107
lactic acid-other agent fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0109
LanguaL curation note: Used when carbon dioxide has been added to a food product at any level. Damion Dooley's note: converted to a process
artificial carbonation process
In modern times, almost all smoking is carried out for its flavor. This flavoring can be purchased as a liquid in most supermarkets to mimic the flavor of smokingnot its preservative qualitieswithout the actual cooking process... Liquid smoke is often used in the processing of bacon, and is one of the main flavors in the curing solution used for bacon. It is also used to flavor jerky and tofu. Liquid smoke is also used in some soft cheeses and tempeh. [Wikipedia]
Liquid smoke is also a common ingredient in many barbecue sauces and meat marinades.
smoke concentrate
Used to specifically characterize a food product based on the treatment or processes applied to the product or any indexed ingredient. The processes include adding, substituting or removing components or modifying the food or component, e.g., through fermentation.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0111
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food treatment process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0112
concentrated, 40 degrees brix or higher
water removal to reconstitution ratio 3 plus 1 or higher
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0113
concentrated, 20-40 degrees brix
water removal to reconstitution ratio 2 plus 1
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0114
condensed
water removal to reconstitution ratio 1 plus 1
flavor or taste ingredient added
LanguaL curation note: Used when such an ingredient is added for the purpose of imparting flavor or taste. Processes such as salting and smoking are also used for preservation. If one of these is used as the primary preservation method, the appropriate factor value from *J. PRESERVATION METHOD* (e.g., *preservation by SALTING*) should also be applied.
flavor or taste ingredient
A food modification process by microbial or enzymatic action which results in molecular changes in any food component.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0119
fermented, unspecified
LanguaL curation note: If salt, sugar or other food additive is used to aid in the modification process, index it by the appropriate term under *INGREDIENT ADDED*.
microbial/enzymatic modification process
A physical/chemical modification process in which a food product or component is irradiated for any purpose.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0121
picowaved
food irradiation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0123
alcohol-acetic acid fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0127
lipolytic fermentation
A food fermentation process in which significant amounts of two or more components (i.e. carbohydrate and protein, carbohydrate and fat, protein and fat, or all three) are modified through microbial processes. Enzymatic or other biological processes may also be involved.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0128
ripened (cured)
multi-component food fermentation
A food modification process where physical or chemical changes are effected in any food ingredient through a physical or non-enzymatic chemical process.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0130
physical/chemical modification process
A food color addition process in which color that must be certified by batch as safe to use is added at any level.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0133
food certified color addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0134
protein removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0135
dealkaloidized
purine removed
alkaloid or purine removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0137
calcium removed
minerals removed
LanguaL curation note: Used when one or more naturally present minerals have been fully or partially removed.
demineralizing process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0138
LanguaL curation note: Used for a liquid or solid product from which a significant amount of water (25% or more of the original weight of the water) has been removed. If dehydration is the primary preservation method, also index *DEHYDRATED OR DRIED*. For soups that require the addition of water, use the appropriate narrower term regardless of whether water was removed or not. Do not use for products that have been rehydrated.
water removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0140
decaffeination process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0141
LanguaL curation note: Used when the food product underwent mechanical, chemical or enzymatic modification that has affected the texture, flavor or other characteristic of the product.
food modification process
A claim that sodium has been added to an edible product.
sodium added claim
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0148
diluted
LanguaL curation note: Used for a liquid or solid product to which water was added beyond its natural water level. If a single-strength standard for the product exists, use the appropriate narrower term under *WATER ADDED*.
water addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0150
LanguaL curation note: Used when a color substance is added to a food at any level.
food color addition process
A claim that a mineral has been added to an edible product.
LanguaL curation note: Used when a mineral is added at any level.
mineral added claim
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0160
brandied
LanguaL curation note: Used when alcohol is added for flavor or taste, for example, brandied peaches or cold-pack cheese food with port wine.
alcoholization process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0161
cholesterol removed
defatted
LanguaL curation note: Used for products that contain less than 60% of the fat naturally present in the food source (more precisely, the part of the food source.) more specific fat levels, which vary from one product type to another, are specified in the extended scope notes for *FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED* and *FAT FULLY REMOVED* in the manual.
fat removal process
A claim that calcium has been added to an edible product.
LanguaL curation note: Used when calcium is added to a food product at any level.
calcium added claim
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0169
agglomerated
converted (grain)
LanguaL curation note: Used for food products modified to reduce cooking time or to enhance dispersion characteristics of powdered or granulated products.
food instantizing
The process of flavoring, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to the smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials, most often wood.
smoke-flavored
Meats and fish are the most common smoked foods, though cheeses, vegetables, and ingredients used to make beverages such as whisky, rauchbier and lapsang souchong tea are also smoked. [Wikipedia]
LanguaL curation note: term used for food products that are flavored by smoke infiltration or by adding smoke concentrate. If smoking also includes heat treatment, index the proper heat treatment under *preservation by HEAT TREATMENT [J0120]*.
SIREN DB annotation:
* smoked or smoke-flavored FOODON:03460172
food (smoked or smoke-flavored)
requires curation
A food product which is output of a salting process where salt is dissolved or absorbed into the food as an ingredient or flavourant.
salted
compounded food
LanguaL curation note: Used when it is necessary to distinguish one product from another (e.g., salted vs. unsalted peanuts), or for salt-fermented products (e.g. soy sauce). It can also be used for other products known to contain at least 4% added and naturally present salt (sodium chloride).
When salting is used as preservation method, index *preservation by SALTING [J0103]* or narrower term.
food (salted)
The saturating or hardening of a vegetable oil to which hydrogen has been chemically added to convert it to a fat.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0174
food hydrogenation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0175
carbon dioxide added
LanguaL curation note: Used when carbon dioxide is added or introduced by processing. Excludes naturally carbonated water, which is indexed under food source *MINERAL WATER*. Damion Dooley's note: converted to a process
carbonation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0178
LanguaL curation note: Used for products with which a substantial amount of air has been mixed through mechanical action. Do not use when air was introduced primarily through chemical action or through fermentation.
food aeration process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0179
food ionizing irradiation process
A claim that iron has been added to an edible product.
LanguaL curation note: Used when iron is added at any level. Always use this term for enriched flour or rice, enriched bakery products, and enriched macaroni or noodle products. (21 CFR 137.610(a), 21 CFR 136.115(a)(1), and others.
iron added claim
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0182
LanguaL curation note: Used for whole fruit or pieces of fruit are permeated by sugar to result in a product with sugar solids over 70% (e.g., candied citrus peel or candied cherry). Not used for sugar-coated products or for such products as candied sweet potatoes or glazed carrots, which are merely sweetened by cooking in syrup.
candying process
A process of preserving or extending the shelf life of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0190
LanguaL curation note: Also index by other applicable terms from *MICROBIALLY/ ENZYMATICALLY MODIFIED*. LanguaL definition: "Treated with acid that may be produced by fermentation or added and/or with salt brine, often in the presence of spices or herbs, producing changes in flavor and texture."
pickling
Modified through physical and/or chemical treatment to promote or affect the tactile quality and appearance of a food product.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0192
food texturing process
A food is 'enriched' when nutrients are added to it to replace those that are lost in processing; a food is 'fortified' when nutrients that were never present are added to it.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0194
enriched
fortified
restored
LanguaL curation note: Used when a chemical constituent is added for nutrient supplementation. Not used when the constituent is added to improve the functional properties of the food product. If the purpose of the constituent is not known, use the appropriate index term.
nutrient or dietary substance addition process
A claim that potassium has been added to an edible product.
potassium added claim
A claim that chloride has been added to an edible product.
LanguaL curation note: Used when chloride is added to a food product at any level.
chloride added claim
Treated with chemicals to reduce color, primarily to whiten, e.g., bleached flour.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0197
food bleaching process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0198
debittering process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0200
pickled by acidification
LanguaL curation note: Used when acid is added to a food product at any level.
acidification process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0203
converted (lactose)
delactosed
LanguaL curation note: Used when all or part of the lactose in milk is converted to glucose and galactose through enzymatic action.
lactose conversion process
Treated with a solution of alkali (primarily potassium or sodium carbonate). In cacao, alkalization neutralizes acids and leads to changes in flavor and color. In fats and oils, treatment with alkali leads to saponification of free fatty acids; soap and alkali are then removed.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0206
alkalinized
dutch processed
food alkalization process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0207
stuffing process
LanguaL curation note: Applies to all filled or stuffed products, including pies and sandwiches.
food filling process
Food product prepared from a natural food product by removing endogenous fat and adding fat from a different source, e.g., egg substitute, in which egg fat is replaced by vegetable oil.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0208
fat substitution process
Treated with moist heat to soften the grain and to transfer nutrients from the bran to the endosperm.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0220
parboiled (rice)
food parboiling process (grain)
A claim that phosphorus has been added to an edible product.
phosphorus added claim
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0225
LanguaL curation note: A food product is characterized by its main ingredient (food source and part); the addition of secondary ingredients is considered a treatment applied to the product. Secondary ingredients are indexed according to rules that are based on the order of predominance by weight (not counting water) as seen from the label statement, formulation or recipe and/or from the amount of the ingredient as percentage of total product weight. The general rule is: an ingredient is always indexed if it is the second ingredient in order of predominance, if it is used as a filling, or if it is part of the product name(e.g., raisin bread). Specific rules are given in the scope note for the individual ingredient added; these rules specify more exhaustive indexing. For example, *MUSHROOM ADDED* is indexed regardless of ingredient position. another specific rule is given in the scope note for *SALTED*: Use if the level of salt is more than 4%. Such a rule is used only when the percentage level can be inferred from the list of ingredients.
food component addition process
flavoring, spice or herb added
LanguaL curation note: Used when flavoring, spice or herb is added at any level.
flavoring, spice or herb
flavoring added, artificial
flavoring, spice or herb added, natural
flavoring, spice or herb, natural
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0230
LanguaL curation note: Used for products in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats were modified through microbial processes. Enzymatic or other biological processes may also be involved. If two or more of these components are modified in significant amounts, index under *FERMENTED/MODIFIED, MULTIPLE COMPONENT*.
single component food fermentation
chocolate or cocoa added
LanguaL curation note: Used when chocolate or cocoa is added at any level or when chocolate is used as a coating.
chocolate or cocoa
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0232
alcohol fermentation
french fried
LanguaL curation note: Used when a fat or oil is sprayed on the product, when a fat or oil is among the first three ingredients in order of predominance in a breading or coating, or when the product is fat-fried as seen from the name, label or recipe.
food (fat or oil coated)
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0234
dilution process to 15-49% of single strength
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0236
LanguaL curation note: Used when naturally present sodium has been fully or partially removed. Index also by the appropriate term under *SALT OR SODIUM SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE*.
sodium removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0237
dilution process to 50-99% of single strength
A component separation process at the very least removes one component from an initial entity. The removed component may be captured as a process output for reuse if not destroyed in the process of removal.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0238
LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate term under *COMPONENT REMOVED* to indicate the permanent full or partial removal of a nutritional/chemical component naturally present in the part of plant or animal used.
food component separation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0239
LanguaL curation note: Used for a grain in which the kernels have been physically compressed between heated rollers.
food rolling process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0241
frozen previously
LanguaL curation note: Used when the product or any indexed ingredient was frozen and then thawed. Excludes freeze-dried products and freeze-flo products.
food thawing process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0246
LanguaL curation note: Used when carbon dioxide produced by fermentation remains noticeable in the food product. Damion Dooley's note: converted to a process
carbonation by fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0247
dry roasted
LanguaL curation note: Used for products that contain between 10-20% and 60% of the fat naturally present in the food source. Examples are breakfast cocoa, low fat milk and low-fat cottage cheese.
partial fat removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0248
LanguaL curation note: Used for products that contain less than 10-20% of the fat naturally present in the food source. Examples are skim milk, low-fat cocoa and dry-curd cottage cheese.
full fat removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0250
protein substitution process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0252
LanguaL curation note: Used for products in which one or more components were converted through the addition of enzymes or through activation of endogenous enzymes.
enzymatic modification process
Modified through complex enzymatic or microbial processes resulting in physicochemical changes in particular with respect to texture, flavor, color or shelf life of the food product. Such changes may be induced by the introduction of certain chemicals, such as sodium sulfite, salt, sugar, or other substances, such as phenolics, in dry or liquid form and often aided by smoke. Cheese should always be indexed by the appropriate narrower term under *LACTIC ACID-OTHER AGENT FERMENTED*.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0253
aged
curing or aging
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0254
LanguaL curation note: Used when water is added or removed in order to change the total solids-to-liquids ratio of a food product.
water addition or removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0256
yeast leavened
carbohydrate fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0259
made from concentrate
moistened
previously concentrated
reconstituted to liquid
soaked
LanguaL curation note: Used for a product that is prepared by adding water or a water-based liquid (milk, juice, broth) to a dehydrated or concentrated product or to a product that contains an indexed dehydrated ingredient plus water to rehydrate that ingredient. Examples: juice or juice drink from concentrate; milk reconstituted from dry or concentrated milk; soaked dried beans or stewed fruit; biscuit dough (prepared by rehydrating flour); soup made from dehydrated ingredients; cooked noodles or boiled rice. If the resulting product contains water beyond its natural water level, also index *WATER ADDED*.
rehydration process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0261
food ultraviolet radiation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0266
carbohydrate removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0268
food puffing process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0270
food distillation process
A claim that a zinc has been added to an edible product.
zinc added claim
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0274
LanguaL curation note: Used only for breakfast cereals made by forcing cooked particles of grain or tiny pellets of dough between very heavy rollers that convert each piece into a single flake.
food flaking process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0275
enhanced
prebasted
LanguaL curation note: Used when liquid is injected into a meat or poultry is prebasted. Do not confuse with *WATER ADDED*.
food meat liquid injection process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0276
food bromination process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0277
food hydrolyzation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0278
food phosphating process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0285
LanguaL curation note: Used for products from which alcohol has been removed.
alcohol removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0286
LanguaL curation note: Used for products from which alcohol has been removed to less than 0.5% alcohol by volume.
full alcohol removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0287
LanguaL curation note: Used for products from which alcohol has been removed to 0.5% or more alcohol by volume.
partial alcohol removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0288
curing or aging < 2 weeks
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0289
curing or aging 2 weeks to 1 month
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0290
curing or aging 1 to 2 months
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0291
curing or aging 2 to 4 months
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0292
curing or aging 4 to 6 months
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0293
curing or aging 6 to 12 months
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0294
curing or aging 12 months or over
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0295
LanguaL curation note: Used when lactose is removed from the food product as when washing curd for cheese preparation. When lactose content is reduced by enzymatic conversion of lactose, use *LACTOSE CONVERTED*.
lactose removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0298
rennin (rennet) coagulation
LanguaL curation note: Used when a clotting enzyme is added to a food product at any level.
clotting enzyme addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0300
acetic acid fermentation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0306
emulsification
homogenization
LanguaL curation note: Used for products in which two or more phases are mixed very finely but not at the molecular level. A very fine dispersion of a solid in a liquid is called a suspension. A very fine dispersion of one liquid in another immiscible liquid is called an emulsion.
food homogenization or emulsification process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0324
LanguaL curation note: Used for food products that have had fat partially removed to leave more than 50% fat from a full fat product. An example would 2% milk where full fat milk is 4%.
partial fat removal process, 50% or more remaining
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0325
LanguaL curation note: Used for food products that have had fat removed to leave less than 50% fat from a full fat product. Examples would be 1% milk or 1/2% milk, where full fat milk is 4%.
partial fat removal process, less than 50% remaining
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0326
bacterial food-curing process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0327
food surface bacterial curing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0328
food interior bacterial curing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0329
mold food-curing process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0330
food surface mold curing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0331
food interior mold curing
vegetable fat or oil coated
LanguaL curation note: Used when an animal fat or oil is sprayed on the product or when an animal fat or oil is among the first three ingredients in order of predominance in a breading or coating.
animal fat or oil coated
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0351
baking powder addition
baking soda addition
chemical leavening agent addition process
Modified through a physical or chemical procedure by forcing a food mixture through a die to achieve a particular shape.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0352
food extrusion
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0353
food coating process
food covering process
glazing process
food coating or covering process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0354
sugar coating
sugar covering
sugar coating or covering process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0355
chocolate coating
chocolate covering
LanguaL curation note: Includes chocolate coatings for such products as candy and ice cream products as well as icings and frostings for such products as cakes and doughnuts.
chocolate coating or covering process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0357
carob coating
carob covering
LanguaL curation note: Used for foods that have a coating or icing made from carob.
carob coating or covering process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0358
beating
whipping
LanguaL curation note: Used when foods or liquids (or a combination) are aerated by vigorously mixing them using a whip, whisk, spoon, spatula, rotary beater or electric mixer.
food aeration by whipping
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0359
creaming
LanguaL curation note: Used when a solid fat (butter, margarine, shortening) is aerated to a creamy appearance, often with the addition of sugar.
food aeration by creaming
caramelized sugar added
caramel added
LanguaL curation note: Used when caramelized sugar is the second or third ingredient in order of predominance or if the caramelized sugar content is known to be 5% or more.
carmelized sugar
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0366
LanguaL curation note: Used for any process such as rolling or pounding that is applied to dough, paste or meat (veal, chicken breast) in order to flatten the appearance.
food flattening process
A stabilizer is a food additive that thickens, prevents separation, prevents flavor deterioration, retards oxidation by increasing the viscosity or gives a smooth texture to the food.
food stabilizer
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301000
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03315647
LanguaL curation note: Used when a food additive, such as msg or a stabilizer, is added at any level.
food additive added, usa
LanguaL curation note: Used when a cellulose derivative (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, etc.) is added to a food at any level.
cellulose derivative
LanguaL curation note: Used when carboxymethyl cellulose is added at any level.
carboxymethyl cellulose
LanguaL curation note: Used when a gum is added as a stabilizer to a food at any level.
gum stabilizer
LanguaL curation note: Used when a seed gum (e.g., carob bean gum, guar gum, etc.) is added to a food at any level.
seed gum
LanguaL curation note: Used when a plant exudate gum (e.g., karaya gum, gum arabic) is added to a food at any level.
plant exudate gum
seaweed extract added
LanguaL curation note: Used when seaweed extract (e.g., carrageenan, agar, etc.) is added to a food at any level.
seaweed extract
LanguaL curation note: Used when a microbial gum (e.g., xanthan gum, dextran, etc.) is added to a food at any level.
microbial gum
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0391
LanguaL curation note: Used primarily for processing of seeds, such as coffee, spices, nuts, and cacao beans.
seed roasting
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0393
LanguaL curation note: Used when a juice, typically orange, has undergone a process specified in 21 CFR 146.148 to reduce the adicity of the food.
acid reduction process
chocolate flavoring added, artificial
artificial chocolate flavoring added
artificial fruit flavoring added
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0396
LanguaL curation note: Used when a food such as meat, fish or vegetables are soaked in a seasoned liquid in order to absorb flavor and, in some instances, to be tenderized. Most marinades contain an acid (lemon juice, vinegar, wine) and herbs or spices; the acid ingredient serves as the tenderizer.
marinading
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0398
LanguaL curation note: Used for food products (typically fruit, cheese or meat) that have had the rind removed.
rind removal process
milk protein added
milk protein
mammalian milk protein
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0750
gluten removal process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0751
leavening agent addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0752
LanguaL curation note: If wheat sourdough was added use also *WHEAT ADDED [H0319]*. If rye sourdough was added use also *RYE ADDED [H0337]*.
sourdough addition process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0753
yeast addition process
rye malt added
rye malt
Rendering is a process that converts waste animal tissue into stable, value-added materials. Rendering can refer to any processing of animal byproducts into more useful materials, or more narrowly to the rendering of whole animal fatty tissue into purified fats like lard or tallow. Rendering can be carried out on an industrial, farm, or kitchen scale.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0760
food animal rendering
A claim that magnesium has been added to an edible product.
magnesium added claim
A claim that copper has been added to an edible product..
copper added claim
A claim that manganese has been added to an edible product.
manganese added claim
A claim that selenium has been added to an edible product.
selenium added claim
A claim that chromium has been added to an edible product.
chromium added claim
A claim that molybdenum has been added to an edible product.
molybdenum added claim
A claim that fluoride has been added to an edible product.
fluoride added claim
Micro-encapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules many useful properties. In a relatively simplistic form, a microcapsule is a small sphere with a uniform wall around it.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0781
coating process
covering process
micro-encapsulation process
The material inside the microcapsule is referred to as the core, internal phase, or fill, whereas the wall is sometimes called a shell, coating, or membrane. Most microcapsules have diameters between a few micrometers and a few millimeters. The definition has been expanded, and includes most foods. Every class of food ingredient has been encapsulated; flavors are the most common. The technique of microencapsulation depends on the physical and chemical properties of the material to be encapsulated.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-encapsulation] LanguaL curation note: Used for the coating of microscopic particles with another material.
food micro-encapsulation process
taurine added
taurine
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
d-glucurono-gamma-lactone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronolactone
Glucuronolactone
Preservation by adding chemical preservatives (e.g., sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, BHT, calcium proprionate) to suppress or inhibit undesirable microorganisms or enzyme activity.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0100
preservation by adding chemicals
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0102
LanguaL curation note: Used when a food product is sterilized by holding at a high temperature before filling; the container may be sterilized before or after filling.
food sterilization before filling
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0103
LanguaL curation note: Used when salting is used for preservation. The salt content of the food is generally 8% or higher (e.g. salted fish, etc.).
food salting
Smoking is the process of flavoring, browning, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0106
In the past, smoking was a useful preservation tool, in combination with other techniques, most commonly salt-curing or drying. For some long-smoked foods, the smoking time also served to dry the food. Drying, curing, or other techniques can render the interior of foods inhospitable to bacterial life, while the smoking gives the vulnerable exterior surfaces an extra layer of protection. [Wikipedia]|LanguaL curation note: Used when smoking is used for preservation.
food smoking
The methods contributing to the prevention or retardation of microbial, enzymatic or oxidative spoilage and thus to the extension of shelf life. Index all methods for which information is available, even if a corresponding descriptor has already been used in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*. Preservation descriptors refer to the finished food as a whole with these exceptions: (1) if the components of a multi-component food, such as cream pie, are preservation by different methods, index all methods; (2) if chemical preservatives are declared on the label, always index them even if it is known that the preservative was introduced through or is only present in a component or ingredient of the food; and (3) if the preservation method for an ingredient is declared on the label (such as brie cheese made from pasteurized milk) index it. Also use *INGREDIENT preservation by THERMAL PROCESSING* or *INGREDIENT preservation by IRRADIATION* when ingredients have been pasteurized, ultrapasteurized, sterilized or irradiated.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0107
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food preservation process
Preservation by immersing in or spraying with liquids (e.g., sulfite solutions) or surrounding with gases (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or sulfur dioxide) to destroy undesirable microorganisms or inactivate enzymes. Diffusion and chemical reaction may create a residue in the food product that contributes to continuing preservation.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0108
preservation by treatment with chemicals
Preservation by use of chemical to destroy, suppress or inhibit undesirable microorganisms or enzyme activity.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0109
chemical food preservation process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0110
LanguaL curation note: Used when a food product was sterilized by holding at a high temperature after filling.
food sterilization after filling
Preservation by storage in an atmosphere in which the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are different from those in air. This reduces microbial and enzymatic activity; often used commercially in conjunction with refrigeration (e.g., refrigerated rail cars) for fresh meat and produce.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0111
preservation by storage in modified atmosphere
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0112
LanguaL curation note: Used when the pressure is reduced to increase the efficiency of water removal.
drying under reduced pressure
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0113
LanguaL curation note: Used for a food product that has been packed in a hermetically sealed container and rendered commercially sterile by ionizing radiation (e.g. 24-28 kGy).
sterilization by irradiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0114
LanguaL curation note: Used when a sterile product is filled into a container at approximately 212 degrees F and cooled promptly after sealing.
food sterilization by hot filling and cooling
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0115
LanguaL curation note: Used when sufficient ultraviolet radiation is applied to destroy most pathogenic and spoilage organisms present on the surface or to inhibit sprouting of stored agricultural produce and destroy storage pests. When followed by refrigeration, also index *preservation by CHILLING*.
surface pasteurization or disinfection by ultraviolet irradiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0116
dehydration
drying
LanguaL curation note: Used when the water activity has been lowered enough to achieve preservation. Also index *WATER REMOVED* in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*.
dehydration or drying
Drying by heat.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0117
heat drying process
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0119
LanguaL curation note: Used when sufficient radiation (e.g. 10 kGy) is applied to destroy most patho-genic and food spoilage organisms. Also index *preservation by CHILLING*.
pasteurization by irradiation
Preservation by the use of high temperature for a time sufficient to reduce or destroy undesirable microorganisms and enzyme activity. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0120
heat treatment food preservation
Preservation by filtering out yeasts and molds, generally followed by aseptic packaging. FDA CFSAN 1995
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0121
food filtration
Preservation by irradiation, primarily by gamma radiation.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0122
preservation by ionizing radiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0123
canning (sterilized and hermetically packed)
preservation by canning
LanguaL curation note: Used when the product is rendered commercially sterile by holding at high temperature before or after it is packed in a hermetically sealed container.
food sterilization by heating
Reduction of water in the product by osmosis.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0124
osmotic dehydration
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0126
LanguaL curation note: Used when a sterile product is filled in a sterile atmosphere into a sterile container. For further detail see 21 CFR 113.3(a).
aseptic filling and sealing of food
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0128
quiescent freezing
sharp freezing
slush freezing
food slow freezing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0129
LanguaL curation note: Used when a sterile product is filled into a container at approximately 212 degrees F., sealed, and held hot temporarily to complete processing before cooling.
food sterilization by hot filling, held hot and cooling
Dehydration by sublimation under reduced pressure while frozen. Usually the product is not stored frozen.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0130
freeze-drying
Cooling and keeping at a temperature between 30°F and 45°F (-1°C and 7°C). Regarding food preservation regulations, the temperature range depends on national legislation.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0131
preservation by storage in refrigeration
refrigeration
LanguaL curation note: Preservation methods that imply subsequent chilling are: *PASTEURIZED BY IRRADIATION*, *PASTEURIZED BY HEAT*, *preservation by CHEMICALS *, *preservation by FERMENTATION*, *SURFACE PASTEURIZED BY ULTRAVIOLET*, *preservation by STORAGE IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE*, *preservation by FILTRATION*.
food chilling
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0132
food quick freezing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0133
LanguaL curation note: Used when liquids and low-viscosity pastes or purees are dried by atomisation. Example: milk.
spray-drying
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0134
LanguaL curation note: Used when water is removed from products placed in trays on shelves under atmospheric pressure. Example: vegetables, fruits.
shelf-drying under normal pressure
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0135
LanguaL curation note: Used when the product is held at a temperature of 60-150 °C (140-300 °F) for a time sufficient to destroy most pathogenic and food spoilage organisms. When followed by refrigeration, also index *preservation by CHILLING*.
pasteurization by heating
Preservation by freezing a food product and keeping it at a temperature below the freezing point (20-30 degrees F) without regard to the product's physical state.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0136
freezing
food freezing
Immersed in a salt brine strong enough to suppress enzyme activity and growth of undesirable organisms.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brining
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0137
brining
corning
food brining
Preservation by the use of radiation to destroy or suppress undesirable microorganisms or enzyme activity.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0138
preservation by irradiation
Packed in dry salt in sufficient quantity to suppress enzyme activity or growth of undesirable organisms.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0139
dry salted
food dry salting
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0140
drum-drying
Dried by natural heat, usually through exposure to the sun. Includes field-dried products such as grains and dry beans. These products are included also if they have been artificially dried to return them to normal dry state, e.g. grain that has been artificially dried after harvest.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0141
field drying
sun drying
natural heat drying
Preservation by cooling and storage at low temperature (chilling at around 0-5°C (32 to 41°F), freezing at -18°C (0°F)) to prevent or retard microbial or enzymatic spoilage.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0142
preservation by refrigeration
LanguaL curation note: In order to comply with labelling requirements, it must be specified if it is chilling or freezing.
chilling or freezing
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0143
drying under normal pressure
Drying by the application of artificial heat.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0144
artificial heat drying
Preservation method that lowers the water activity (relative humidity) of a food product. This is accomplished by using mechanical dehydration equipment, by natural drying, by adding salt, sugar or other agents to the food or by surface drying during a refrigeration or freezing operation. This method of preservation may be used in conjunction with other preservation methods such as preservation by thermal processing.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0145
preservation by reducing water activity
Preservation by adding sugar, sugar syrup or by partial inversion of disaccharides until the sugar concentration is high enough to prevent growth of microorganisms.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0146
preservation by adding sugar
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0147
UHT sterilized
food sterilization at ultra high temperature (UHT)
When used to describe a dairy product, means that such product shall have been thermally processed at or above 138° C (280° C) for at least 2 seconds, either before or after packaging so as to produce a product that has extended shelf life under refrigerated conditions (21 CFR 131.3 (c)). Used to describe liquid egg products that also have been thermally processed, but at a different temperature than for milk products. The egg product will have an extended shelf life under refrigerated conditions.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0148
ultra pasteurization (UP) by heat
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0149
preservation by adding acid
Sous-vide, French for "under vacuum", is a method of cooking that is intended to maintain the integrity of ingredients by heating them for an extended period of time in vacuum sealed plastic pouches at relatively low temperatures. Food is cooked for a long time, sometimes well over 24 hours. Unlike cooking in a slow cooker, sous-vide cooking uses airtight plastic bags placed in hot water well below boiling point (usually around 60°C or 140°F).
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0150
sous vide
sous vide cooking
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0151
LanguaL curation note: Used when an ingredient or a component of a food has been subjected to preservation by pasteurization, ultrapasteurization or sterilization.
preservation of food component by heat treatment
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0152
LanguaL curation note: Used when an ingredient or a component of a food has been preservation by irradiation.
ingredient preservation by irradiation
Preservation by adding spices or extracts (e.g. garlic, onion, horseradish, paprika) to suppress or inhibit undesirable micro-organisms, enzyme activity, or oxidative changes.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0153
preservation by adding spices or extracts
Preservation by adding inorganic acids or salts (e.g. SO2, H2SO4, KNO4, NaNO3) to suppress or inhibit undesirable micro-organisms or enzyme activity.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0154
preservation by adding inorganic acids or salts
Preservation by adding organic acids or salts (e.g. lactic acid, acetic acid, salicylic acid) to suppress or inhibit undesirable micro organisms or enzyme activity.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0155
preservation by adding organic acids or salts
Preservation by adding antibiotics (e.g. nisin, tylosine, subtlin, bacitracin, chlorotetracyclin, oxytetracyclin) to kill micro organisms or stop their growth.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0156
preservation by adding antibiotics
Separation of colloidal or very fine solid materials by filtration through microporous or semipermeable mediums. Membranes have pores in the range 2-20 nm diameter.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0157
Some dairy product are ultrafiltrated in order to obtain a higher protein concentration and hereby, a thicker consistency or textture. LanguaL curation note: Used when a product is preservation by the use of ultra-filtration to remove undesirable micro organisms and molecules. Example: beer.
food ultra-filtration
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0158
pasteurization by heat after filling
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0159
pasteurization by heat before filling
The process of holding food at a high pressure, normally greater than 1000 bar, which leads to sterilization. Example: Fruit juice, jam.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0160
ultra high pressure sterilization
Treated by electron accelerator radiation, for example to kill insects in cereals.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0161
preservation by electron accelerator radiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0162
LanguaL curation note: Used when sufficient radiation (e.g. 1-5 k gy) is applied to destroy pathogenic and food spoilage organisms. Example: spices. Radurised food should be stored in a cool and dry place.
disinfection by irradiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0163
LanguaL curation note: Used when the water activity is lowered enough by high frequency heating in order to achieve preservation.
drying by radiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0165
LanguaL curation note: Used when the water activity is lowered enough by microwave radiation in order to achieve preservation. Also index *WATER REMOVED* in facet H - Treatment applied. Example: tea.
drying by microwave radiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0166
LanguaL curation note: Used when susceptible materials are dried by electromagnetic radiation with wave-lengths between 0.76um and 1 mm.
drying by infrared heat radiation
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0168
LanguaL curation note: Used when a product is dehydrated under pressure. Example: vegetable or fruit juices, milk.
drying under increased pressure
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0169
LanguaL curation note: Used when the water content of a product is reduced by reverse osmosis. Typically used for concentrating fluids, e.g. milk, fruit juices.
concentration by reverse osmosis
Drying by exposure to the sun. Example: cereals, spices, vegetables.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0170
sun drying
Frozen very rapidly by means of refrigerating agents such as liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide. Example: lobster frozen in liquid nitrogen.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0171
frozen by refrigerating agent
food cryogenic freezing
The process of food storage involving an accompanying refrigerating agent.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0172
food storage with refrigerating agent process
Preservation by storage in inert gases (e.g. nitrogen) to suppress or inhibit undesirable micro-organism growth, oxidation activity, etc.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0173
inert atmosphere storage process
Storing under reduced pressure (e.g. 1.3-2 kPa) in order to suppress or inhibit undesirable micro organism growth, oxidation activity, etc.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0174
vaccume storage process
Blanching is a cooking process wherein a food, usually a vegetable or fruit, is scalded in boiling water, removed after a brief, timed interval, and finally plunged into iced water or placed under cold running water (shocking or refreshing) to halt the cooking process. Blanching foods helps reduce quality loss over time. People often use blanching as a pre-treatment prior to freezing, drying, or canning—heating vegetables or fruits to inactivate enzymes, modify texture, remove the peel, and wilt tissue. Blanching is also utilized to preserve color, flavor, and nutritional value. The process has three stages: preheating, blanching, and cooling. The most common blanching methods for vegetables/fruits are hot water and steam, while cooling is either done using cold water or cool air.
Damion Dooley
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0175
blanching
LanguaL definition: "Short time scalding; this can be used to stop emzymatic activity for vegetables being prepared for freezing.
food blanching
Storage of fruits and vegetables in an atmosphere in which the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide (and often nitrogen) are different from those in air and at a low temperature. All three (four) factors are controlled at the desired levels in order to suppress the fruits' and vegetables' natural respiration.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0176
CA
CA storage
controlled atmosphere storage process
Microfiltration is used to remove undesirable micro-organisms and molecules. The membranes have pore diameters from 10 to 10000 nm. Micro-filtration is often used instead of pateurisation, e.g. in the brewing industry.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0177
food micro-filtration
High Temperature Short Time (HTST) pasteurization is one of the most common methods of pasteurization , which uses metal plates and hot water to raise milk temperatures to at least 72° C (161° F) for not less than 15 seconds, followed by rapid cooling.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0178
HTST
high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization
Higher Heat Shorter Time (HHST) is a process similar to HTST pasteurization, but it uses slightly different equipment and higher temperatures (83 - 127° C) for a shorter time.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0179
HHST
higher heat shorter time (HHST) pasteurization
Typically involves heating milk or cream to 135° to 150° C (275° to 302° F) for 1 or 2 seconds. The milk is then packaged in sterile, hermetically-sealed (airtight) containers (aspetic filling) and can be stored without refrigeration for up to 90 days. After opening, spoilage times for UHT products are similar to those of conventionally pasteurized products.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0180
UHT
ultra high temperature (UHT) pasteurization
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0181
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
filling conditions for pasteurization
A pasteurization by heating process which uses low heat for a longer time to kill pathogenic bacteria.
http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=J0182
LTLT
batch pasteurization
holding pasteurization
An example of LTLT is when milk is pasteurized at 63° C (145° F) for 30 minutes.
low-temperature-long-time (LTLT) pasteurization
In the U.S., grain strength is calculated as 10 times the acid content expressed as acetic acid. For example, 40 grain vinegar = 4% acetic acid; 120 grain vinegar = 12% acetic acid. [Technically Speaking about Vinegar - A food technologist's guide to vinegar, The Vinegar Institute, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30342, USA].
LanguaL curation note: Used for sweetened vinegar-water mixture with grain of at least 10. For lower grain, use *PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID*.
packed in vinegar with sugar
Packed in a medium that is also a food product. Ingredients that are introduced through the packing medium are indexed as appropriate under *INGREDIENT OR FOOD ADDED* found in *H. TREATMENT APPLIED*.
packed in edible medium
packed in heavily sweetened liquid
packed in lightly sweetened water or juice
Packed in a modified atmosphere that contributes to preservation (e.g., applesauce packed with nitrogen in the head space or tuna salad sandwich packed in nitrogen-containing polyethylene wrapper). Also applicable to large-scale applications in shipping or storage (e.g., meat under carbon dioxide in a rail car).
packed in gas other than air
Packed with a gas that is liquified under pressure and that upon release of the pressure propels and aerates the food product. See 21 CFR 173.345 and 173.360 for substances used.
packed with aerosol propellant
packed in vegetable juice
LanguaL curation note: Used for products that are packed in water or in water containing less than 4% salt, e.g., most canned vegetables. If a product normally packed in salted water is packed in salt free water, use *NO SALT ADDED CLAIM OR USE*.
packed in water
LanguaL curation note: Used only for food products that are packed in a salt water solution of 4% or more. For products packed in water with less than 4% salt, use 'packed in water'.
packed in salt brine
packed in sweetened brine
The medium in which the food is packed for preservation and handling or the medium surrounding homemade foods, e.g., peaches cooked in sugar syrup. The packing medium may provide a controlled environment for the food. It may also serve to improve palatability and consumer appeal.
food packing medium
packed in vegetable oil
packed in acidified salt brine
Packed in sweetened water or in sweetened and/or concentrated fruit juice. For single-strength unsweetened fruit juice, use *PACKED IN FRUIT JUICE*. When the specific terms under *PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID* are used, the statement seen on the product label should be used for indexing. For additional information, see 21 CFR 145.
packed in sweetened liquid
packed in extra heavily sweetened liquid
packed in fat or oil
Packed in a container under high vacuum (26-29 in.).
vacuum-packed
packed in carbon dioxide
In the U.S., grain strength is calculated as 10 times the acid content expressed as acetic acid. For example, 40 grain vinegar = 4% acetic acid; 120 grain vinegar = 12% acetic acid. [Technically Speaking about Vinegar - A food technologist's guide to vinegar, The Vinegar Institute, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30342, USA].
LanguaL curation note: Used for vinegar-water mixture of at least 10 Grain (1% acetic acid strength). For lower grain, use *PACKED IN WATER".
packed in vinegar
packed in slightly sweetened water or juice
packed in nitrogen
packed in combustion-producing gas
packed in modified air
packed in gas mixture
packed in gravy or sauce, dairy or egg component
gravy added
sauce added
packed in gravy or sauce
packed in gelatin
packed in gravy or sauce, meat
packed in gravy or sauce, vegetable
packed in olive oil
Packed in unsweetened single strength juice or juice prepared from concentrated fruit juice and water; if sweetener is added to the fruit juice, use the appropriate term under *PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID*.
packed in fruit juice
packed in vinegar and oil
Packed in broth; includes meat, poultry or seafood packed in its' own juice.
packed in broth
packed in cream or milk
Packed in squid or octopus ink.
packed in ink
packed in gravy or sauce, fruit
packed in animal fat or oil
In the U.S., grain strength is calculated as 10 times the acid content expressed as acetic acid. For example, 40 grain vinegar = 4% acetic acid; 120 grain vinegar = 12% acetic acid. [Technically Speaking about Vinegar - A food technologist's guide to vinegar, The Vinegar Institute, 5775 Peachtree-Dunwoody Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30342, USA].
LanguaL curation note: Used for sweetened, salt, vinegar-water mixture with grain of at least 10 ( 1% expressed as acetic acid). For lower grain, use *PACKED IN SWEETENED LIQUID*.
packed in vinegar with sugar and salt
A food contact material which encloses the food and can be in the type of a container, packaging or wrapping.
Previous definition was a legacy definition, not ontological and has been moved to comments.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/food-packaging
container
packaging
wrapping
food container
food wrap
food wrapping
Previous definition: Type of container or wrapping defined by the main container material, the container form and the material of the liner lids of ends. Also type of container or wrapping by form; prefer description by material first, then by form. [FDA CFSAN 1995].
food packaging
plastic squeeze bottle or tube, top lined with foil
plastic squeeze bottle or tube
plastic squeeze bottle or tube, top lined with laminate
plastic squeeze bottle or tube, unlined top
plastic squeeze bottle or tube, top lined with cork
glass container, tinless steel lid
bimetal container
glass container, plastic lid, paper lining
laminate tube, ends lined with laminate
laminate tube, ends lined with foil
laminate tube, ends lined with cork
paperboard tube with lid or ends
textile or fabric stocking or casing
ceramic or earthenware bottle
ceramic or earthenware crock or jar
ceramic or earthenware container
paper bag, sack or pouch, plastic liner
paper bag, sack or pouch, foil liner
paper bag, sack or pouch, laminate liner
A soft-sided paper container that is used as a bag.
paper bag, sack or pouch
glass container, cork stopper
plastic tray or pan, laminate cover or wrapping
plastic tray or pan, aluminum foil cover or wrapping
plastic tray or pan, plastic cover or wrapping
plastic tray or pan, paper wrapping
A flat plastic container with raised edges that is used to carry things.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tray
plastic tray or pan
laminate tube, unlined aluminum ends
plastic wrapper
paperboard tray with wrapper
glass container
plastic tray or pan, cardboard cover
glass container, aluminum lid
glass container, plastic lid, laminate lining
glass container, plastic lid or stopper
glass container, aluminum lid, plastic lining
glass container, plastic lid, plastic lining
A thin, transparent plastic film that adheres to the surface and itself, and is used to wrap objects and materials in an air-tight manner.
plastic shrink-pack
laminate tube, unlined plastic ends
aluminum tube, unlined plastic top
glass container, plastic lid, aluminum foil lining
paper bag, sack or pouch, paper liner
paperboard container with laminate liner
glass container, tin-plated steel lid
retortable pouch
laminate bag or pouch
plastic boil-in-bag
paperboard container with plastic liner
paperboard container with aluminum foil liner
paperboard container with paper liner
tinless steel plate container
paperboard molded pack
metal container
paperboard container, waxed
paperboard container, plastic coated
paperboard container with window
paperboard container with liner
cardboard box
cardboard container
paperboard container
textile or fabric container
burlap bag
cloth bag
textile or fabric bag
paperboard or paper container
aluminum tray or pan, plastic cover or wrapping
aluminum tray or pan, cardboard cover
aluminum tray or pan, laminate cover or wrapping
aluminum tray or pan, aluminum foil cover or wrapping
aluminum tray or pan, paper wrapping
aluminum tray or pan
plastic bag or pouch
laminate tube
aluminum tube
aluminum tube, top lined with laminate
aluminum tube, top lined with foil
aluminum tube, top lined with cork
Corresponds to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 2.2.1 Plastic container.
plastic container
paper wrapper
wood container
aluminum can, drum or barrel
tin plate container
wood box
wood drum
barrel
wood cask
wood barrel, cask or wheel
plastic container, molded or bubble pack
laminate container
aluminum container
plastic container, rigid or semirigid, tin-plated steel lid
plastic container, rigid or semirigid
plastic container, rigid or semirigid, tinless steel lid
plastic container, flexible or film
plastic container, rigid or semirigid, plastic lid
plastic container, rigid or semirigid, aluminum lid
tin can
steel plate container
foil, aluminum
aluminum foil wrapper
paperboard container with foil or liner overwrap
plastic container, blow-molded
bottle, jar or can
jar, bottle or can
can, bottle or jar
Classification corresponding to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 3.1 Package Types
container or wrapping by form
ampoule
phial
ampul
According to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 3.1 package types, includes boil-in bag, carrier bag, flat bag, inner bag, retort pouch, shipping bag, valve bag, and valve sack
bag
pouch
sack
bag, sack or pouch
barrel
drum (container)
A flexible container of distinctive construction and closure features used in the dispensing of tablet or powdered prescription medication; it is typically constructed of film or paper that may be coated or laminated to protect the contents [CFSAN Thesaurus].
envelope
collapsible tube
tube
vial
Classification corresponding to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 2.1.2 Material
container or wrapping by material
A container which is a bottle or a jar.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container
jar
bottle or jar
A container which is made of a thin metal and and is used for the distribution or storage of goods.
canister
canned (packed in a can)
can (container)
leaf wrapper
husk wrapper
capsule
container or package, multiple
multicontainer package
wax container
glass container, metal lid
unspecified material wrapping
wrapper, material unspecified
edible container
carton
case
crate
box
A narrow-necked container typically made of glass or plastic that is used to store and transport liquids.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottle
bottle
wide-necked bottle
wide-necked jar
jar
two-part can
drawn can
three-part can
jug or demijohn
pail
Classification corresponding to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 3.2.4 Sealing/closing means
sealing/closing element
adhesive
multicomponent adhesive
multicomponent adhesive, no solvent
multicomponent adhesive, organic solvent
multicomponent adhesive, water soluble
one component adhesive
one component adhesive, organic solvent
one component adhesive, water soluble
thermoplastic adhesive
glass stopper
plastic stopper
polyethylene plug
polypropylene plug
polyvinyl chloride plug
plastic screw cap or lid
plastic screw cap/pilfer proof
crown cap
metal screw cap or lid
metal screw cap/pilfer proof
wooden cork
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
seal/gasket
cork wood gasket
metal gasket
plastic gasket
rubber gasket
steel solder
tin solder
ceramic or earthenware bottle, coloured
ceramic or earthenware bottle, uncoloured
ceramic or earthenware jar, coloured
ceramic or earthenware jar, uncoloured
glass container, natural
glass container, uncoloured
glass container, uncoloured, light weight
glass container, uncoloured, normal weight
glass container, uncoloured, strengthened
glass container, uncoloured, covered/protected
glass container, coloured
glass container, coloured, light weight
glass container, coloured, normal weight
glass container, coloured, strengthened
glass container, coloured, covered/protected
aluminum box
aluminium box, plastic-coated
aluminium box, varnished
aluminium can, drum or barrel, plastic coated
aluminium can, drum or barrel, varnished
aluminium foil wrapper, coated for heat sealing
aluminium foil-paper wrapper
aluminum coextruded with paper
aluminum combined with paper and plastic
aluminum combined with regenerated cellulose
laminated aluminum combination with paper
stainless steel container
steel plate container tinned one side
steel plate container tinned both sides
varnished tin-plate container
natural polymer container
casein resin
cellulose film
acetate cellulose film
butyrate cellulose film
propyonate cellulose film
regenerated cellulose film
regenerated cellulose film, coated
regenerated cellulose film, coloured
resin elastic container
rubber container
A paper container that has been treated with an antimicrobial agent or preservative chemical.
paper container, treated
lacquered paper container
saturated (immersed) paper container
waxed paper container
A paper container that has not been treated with any agents.
paper container, untreated
bleached paper container
kraft or brown paper container
glassine
vegetable parchment
grease proof paper container
imitation grease proof paper container
Porous, wet-strength paper, e.g. tea bag.
tissue paper container
paperboard container, untreated
paperboard container, surface treated
paperboard container, surface treated both sides
paperboard container, surface treated inside
paperboard container, surface treated outside
paper combined material
impregnated/micro waxed paper
metalized paper wrapper
metalized paper coextruded with plastic
metalized paper laminated with plastic
metalized paper laminated with treated paper
paper-aluminium foil-plastic wrapper
coextruded paper-aluminium-plastic wrapper
laminated paper-aluminium-plastic wrapper
paper-paper combination
paper-plastic combination
laminate paper coextruded with plastic
Corresponds to FSTA Thesaurus Packaging 2.2.1 'Type of plastic'
plastic container, according to type of plastic
thermoplastic sheet or container
polyamide container
acrylonitrile container
acryl-nitrile container
amino undecan acid container
nylon 11 container
caprolactan container
nylon 6,6 container
polycarbonate container
polyester container
polyester container, glass fibre strengthened
linear polyester container
polyethylene container
high density polyethylene container
low density polyethylene container
linear low density polyethylene container
low density polyethylene container, treated
polymethylmethacrylate container
polypropylene container
biaxial oriented polypropylene container
oriented polypropylene container
polystyrene container
polyvinyl chloride container
crystalline pvc container
unplasticized polyvinyl chloride container
plasticized polyvinyl chloride container
polyvinylidene chloride container
thermosetting polymer container
alkyd resin container
amin resin container
aniline-formaldehyde container
carbamide-formaldehyde container
diciandiamide-formaldehyde container
epoxy resin container
phenonile resin container
polyester resin container
plastic container, combined material
metallized polymer container
metallized polyamide container
metallized polyester container
polyethylene (high density) - polyamide container
polyethylene (high density) - nylon 11 container
polyethylene (high density) - polyester container
polyethylene (high density) - polypropylene container
polyethylene (low density) - polyamide container
polyethylene (low density) - nylon 11 container
polyethylene (low density) - polyester container
polyethylene (low density) - polyethylene (high density) container
polyethylene (low density) - polyethylene (low density) container
polyethylene (low density) - polypropylene container
polyethylene - regenerated cellulose container
polyethylene - vinyl copolymer container
polyvinyl chloride - polyvinylidene chloride container
natural textile container
animal hair container
bass fibre container
asbestos container
cotton container
leaf fibre container
polymer base textile container
polyamide textile container
polyester textile container
polyolefin textile container
boil-in bag
inner bag
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
closing cap or lid
closing capsule
screw cap or lid
tear-off lid
tear-open lid
peel-off lid
plug
stopper
Example: egg box.
recycled paperboard container
polyethylene terephthalate (pet) container
polyolefin container
The specific container or coating materials in direct contact with the food. [FDA CFSAN 1995]
surface
food product contact surface
beverage can enamel surface
noncarbonated beverage can enamel surface
carbonated beverage can enamel surface
beer beverage can enamel surface
Wax may be applied directly as a coating to the food product or may be used as a container material. Examples include wax-coated cheese, wax-coated cucumber, waxed fiberboard container, etc.
food-grade wax surface
f-enamel
enamel surface for fruit (f-enamel)
PE
polyethylene surface
enamel surface for citrus fruit
milk enamel surface for milk
enamel surface for meat
LanguaL curation note: Pp
polypropylene surface
styrofoam
LanguaL curation note: Ps
polystyrene surface
enamel surface for seafood
A surface consisting of a coating that contains a specially prepared vehicle, instead of raw oil. Sometimes referred to as varnish or lacquer.
food-grade enamel-coated surface
Trade name of polyvinylidene chloride copolymer film. Chief packaging uses are in film and in coatings for other flexible substrates such as cellophane and paper.
saran surface
Trade name of polyester used in the usa.
mylar surface
A generic term for a class of polyamides containing repeating amide groups connected by methylene units. The most common types used in food industry are ny-lon-66 and nylon-11.
nylon surface
A surface of a Cryovac bag, a shrinkable version of pvdc used for vacuum packaging, e.g. of red meat.
Cryovac bag plastic surface
PVDC surface
vinylidene surface
Polyvinylidene chloride surface
c-enamel
enamel surface for corn (c-enamel)
Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose.
cellophane
A rubber hydrochloride, first introduced as a packaging film in 1936 in the U.S.A.
pliofilm surface
polyester surface
CA: thermoplastic material made by the esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride and acetic acid.
cellulose acetate surface
A surface made out of food-grade wood.
food-grade wood surface
food-grade plastic surface
PVC
polyvinyl chloride surface
food-grade ceramic surface
paper
paperboard
food-grade paper product surface
A surface made of food-grade glass.
food-grade glass surface
A surface made of food-grade metal
food-grade metal surface
A surface made out of aluminum metal
aluminum surface
A surface made out of food-grade tin metal.
food-grade tin surface
Grade 304 stainless steel is the most commonly used food-grade stainless steel; it is used in food, dairy, brewing, hospital and sanitation applications
A surface made of food-grade steel.
food-grade steel surface
A surface of a food-grade textile
cloth
fabric
food-grade textile surface
food-grade cork surface
Ash which is incorporated into the surface of a food such as cheese.
food-grade ash
A plant leaf used as a food contact surface.
leaf food contact surface
A plant husk used as a food contact surface.
husk food contact surface
food contact surface from natural material
food contact surface from human-made material
latex surface
A surface of Teflon, a trade name for a polymer used to provide better protection and longer life to porous metals (nickel alloys) in coextruded sheets and films.
teflon surface
A very thin edible covering, either natural or some form of a synthetic, that is used to enclose ground meat and other ingredients.
Anoosha Sehar
LanguaL curation note: Used when the container or coating materials are edible, e.g. wafer, polyoside films, edible paper.
edible casing
Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins.
A surface made of polymer extracted from nature.
food-grade natural-based polymer surface
laboratory animal as food consumer
fish meal
food fish as consumer
fish food (pet fish)
pet fish as consumer
feed for non-food animals
mink food
non-food animal as food consumer
sheep or goat as consumer
food for food animals
food animal as consumer
All narrower term definitions extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993, part 101.62(b).
fat special claim
poultry as consumer
cattle as consumer
Food produced and marketed to supply the particular dietary needs of normal infants (21 CFR 105.65) or normal toddlers (age 1 to 2 years). Junior foods are included with the strained foods for infants up to one year. Foods fall in this category only if the label bears a statement such as 'baby food', 'strained food', 'junior food' or 'toddler food'.
junior food
toddler food
infant or toddler as food consumer
animal food
animal as food consumer
Renamed from *FOOD FOR SPECIAL DIETARY USE* [LanguaL 2008].
These descriptors are used either for foods intended for special dietary use as defined in 21 CFR 105 or for foods that have special characteristics indicated in the name or labeling. Such claims would include 'low calorie', 'low cholesterol', 'diet' or 'dietetic', etc. Prior to february 1992, this category of descriptors was limited solely to food for adult humans. The category is now used in conjunction with any appropriate *CONSUMER GROUP* descriptor(s), for example, 'low sugar baby food' would be indexed by *INFANT OR TODDLER FOOD* as well as by *LOW SUGARS FOOD*.
dietary food
dietary use
food for dietary use
food for special dietary use
special dietary food
dietary claim
horse as consumer
Food produced and marketed for human use.
human as food consumer
swine feed
pig as consumer
pet cat as consumer
Pet animals as a consumer group; products are labeled accordingly.
pet animal as consumer
pet bird as consumer
pet dog as consumer
A claim that a food is low in energy, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product does not contain more than 40 kcal (170 kJ)/100 g for solids or more than 20 kcal (80 kJ)/100 ml for liquids. For table-top sweeteners the limit of 4 kcal (17 kJ)/portion, with equivalent sweetening properties to 6 g of sucrose (approximately 1 teaspoon of sucrose), applies [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having 40 calories or less per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams of food if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes contain 120 calories or less per 100 grams of food [US FDA]
low calorie food
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *LOW CALORIE FOOD* [LanguaL 2008].
low energy food claim
A claim that a food is energy-reduced, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the energy value is reduced by at least 30 %, with an indication of the characteristic(s) which make(s) the
food reduced in its total energy value [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having at least 25% fewer calories per amount customarily consumed from the calories of a comparable food product. The complarable food may not be 'low calorie' [US FDA].
reduced calorie food
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *REDUCED CALORIE FOOD* [LanguaL 2008].
reduced energy food claim
A claim that a food is sodium-free or salt-free, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 0,005 g of sodium, or the equivalent value for salt, per 100 g. [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having less than 5 milligrams of salt or sodium per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes, less than 5 miligrams of salt or sodium per labeled serving). Such foods must not contain an ingredient that is salt or sodium or generally understood to comtain salt or sodium except where the ingredient listed is footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of {salt or sodium}' [US FDA]
sodium or salt free food
salt or sodium free claim
A claim that a food is very low in sodium/salt, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 0,04 g of sodium, or the equivalent value for salt, per 100 g or per 100 ml. This claim shall not be used for natural mineral waters and other waters [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having 35 milligrams or less salt or sodium per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes contain 35 milligrams or less salt or sodium per 100 grams of food [US FDA]
very low sodium or salt food
very low salt or sodium claim
reduced sodium or salt food
reduced salt or sodium claim
A claim that a food is low in sodium/salt, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 0,12 g of sodium, or the equivalent value for salt, per 100 g or per 100 ml. For waters, other than natural mineral waters falling within the scope of Directive 80/777/EEC, this value should not exceed 2 mg of sodium per 100 ml [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having 140 milligrams or less salt or sodium per amount customarily consumed. Meals and main dishes have 140 milligrams or less salt or sodium per 100 grams food [US FDA]
low sodium or salt food
low salt or sodium claim
A claim that a food is low in fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 3 g of fat per 100 g for solids or 1,5 g of fat per 100 ml for liquids (1,8 g of fat per 100 ml for semi-skimmed milk). [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having 3 grams of fat or less per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams of food if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes contain 3 grams or less fat per 100 grams of food and not more than 30% of calories from fat [US FDA].
low fat food
Food containing at least 25% less fat per amount customarily consumed from the fat content of a comparable food product. The comparable food may not be 'low fat'.
reduced fat food
All narrower term definitions extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993, part 101.62(d).
cholesterol special claim
Food having less than 2 milligrams cholesterol per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes, less than 2 milligrams cholesterol per labeled serving). Such food must contain no ingredient that contains cholesterol except where the ingredient listed has been footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of cholesterol'. If the food contains less than 2 milligrams cholesterol per amount customarily consumed by special processing and the total fat exceeds 13 grams cholesterol per amount or labeled serving, the amount of cholesterol must be 'Substantially less' (25%) than in a comparable food with significant market share (5% of market).
no cholesterol food
cholesterol free claim
Food having 20 miligrams or less cholesterol per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams of food if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes contain 20 milligrams or less cholesterol per 100 grams of food. If the food qualifies by special processing and total fat exceeds 13 grams per amount and labeled serving, the amount of cholesterol must be 'substantially less' (25%) than in a comparable food with significant market share (5% of market).
low in cholesterol claim
Food having at least 25% less cholesterol per amount customarily consumed from the cholesterol content of a comparable food product. The comparable food may not be 'low cholesterol'.
reduced cholesterol claim
All narrower term definitions are extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993, part 101.60(b) and from Corrigendum to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods.
calorie special claim or use
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *CALORIE SPECIAL CLAIM OR USE*.
energy special claim
All narrower term definitions extracted from 58 Federal Register 2032, January 6, 1993, part 101.61.
sodium or salt special diet
salt or sodium special claim
A claim that a food is high in fibre, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least 6 g of fibre per 100 g or at least 3 g of fibre per 100 kcal [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food that is promoted as a source of or as high in dietary fiber (often called simply 'fiber').
high dietary fiber food
high fiber food
Food that is promoted as being either high or low in dietary fiber (often called simply 'fiber'). If the food is not low in total fat, total fat must be stated in conjunction with claim such as 'more fiber'.
dietary fiber special claim or use
fiber special claim
A claim that a food is fat-free, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 0,5 g of fat per 100 g or 100 ml. However, claims expressed as "X % fat-free" shall be prohibited [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum].
Food having less than 0.5 grams fat per amount customarily consumed. Meals and main dishes have less than 0.5 grams fat per labeled serving. Such foods must contain no ingredient that is fat or understood to contain fat except when the ingredient listed has been footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of fat'.
no fat food
nonfat food
fat free food
A claim that a food is energy-free, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product does not contain more than 4 kcal (17 kJ)/100 ml. For table-top sweeteners the limit of 0.4 kcal (1.7 kJ)/portion, with equivalent sweetening properties to 6 g of sucrose (approximately 1 teaspoon of sucrose), applies [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having less than 5 calories per amount customarily consumed. Calorie amount is not defined for meals or main dishes [US FDA]
calorie free food
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *CALORIE FREE FOOD* [LanguaL 2008].
energy free food claim
A claim that a food is sugars-free, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 0,5 g of sugars per 100 g or 100 ml [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having less than 0.5 grams sugars per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes, less than 0.5 grams sugars per labeled serving). Such foods nust contain no ingredient that is a sugar or generally understood to contain sugars except where the ingredient listed is footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of sugars' [US FDA]
sugar free food
sugars free food
A claim that a food is low in saturated fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made if the sum of saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids in the product does not exceed 1.5 g per 100 g for solids or 0.75 g/100 ml for liquids and in either case the sum of saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids must not provide more than 10 % of energy. [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having one gram or less saturated fat per amount customarily consumed and 15% or less of calories from saturated fat. Meals and main dishes contain one gram or less saturated fat per 100 grams food and less than 10% of calories from saturated fat.
low in saturated fat food
label claim
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *LABEL CLAIM* [LanguaL 2008].
Use when any 'claim or use' index term is derived from either the food name appearing on the label or from information appearing on the label that is separate from the food name.
general label claim
[REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18]
high calorie food
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *HIGH CALORIE FOOD* [LanguaL 2008].
high energy food claim
All narrower term definitions extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993, part 101.60(c).
sugars special claim
A claim that a food is low in sugars, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains no more than 5 g of sugars per 100 g for solids or 2,5 g of sugars per 100 ml for liquids [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Not defined in U.S. Federal Register; no basis for a recommended intake.
low sugars food
low fiber food
As defined in Corrigendum to Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods, "claim" means any message or representation, which is not
mandatory under Community or national legislation, including pictorial, graphic or symbolic representation, in any form, which states, suggests or implies that a food has particular characteristics; specificly, "nutrition claim" means any claim which states, suggests or implies that a food has particular beneficial nutritional properties
due to:
(a) the energy (calorific value) it (i) provides; (ii) provides at a reduced or increased rate; or (iii) does not provide;
and/or
(b) the nutrients or other substances it (i) contains; (ii) contains in reduced or increased proportions; or (iii) does not contain.
LanguaL curation note: Used for any claim which states, suggests or implies that a food has particular beneficial nutritional properties.
For European regulations, see http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/labellingnutrition/claims/community_register/nutrition_claims_en.htm
nutrition-related claim
no or reduced calories claim or use
reduced or no calories claim or use
reduced or no energy claim or use
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *NO OR REDUCED CALORIES CLAIM OR USE* [LanguaL 2008].
no or reduced energy claim
reduced or no fat claim
no or reduced fat claim
no fat added claim
All narrower term definitions extracted from 58 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993, part 101.62(c).
saturated fat-related claim
no animal fat added claim
no coconut oil added claim or use
no tropical oils added claim
no palm oil added claim
fiber rich claim or use
rich in fiber claim
natural fiber source
naturally rich in fiber claim
less salt added claim
reduced or no salt or sodium claim
no or reduced salt or sodium claim
unsalted claim or use
LanguaL curation note: No salt added and 'unsalted' must meet conditions of use and must declare 'this is not a sodium free food' on the information panel if the food is not 'sodium free'. (28 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993).
no salt added claim
Food having less than 5 milligrams salt per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes less than 5 milligrams salt per labeled serving). Such food must contain no ingredient that is salt or generally understood to contain salt except where the ingredient listed is footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of salt'.
salt free claim
low salt claim
Food having less than 35 milligrams of salt per serving and per 100 grams of food. (U.S. proposed)
very low salt claim
reduced salt claim
naturally sodium-free food
reduced or no sugar label claim
no or reduced sugar claim
A claim stating that sugars have not been added to a food, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product does not contain any added mono- or disaccharides or any other food used for its sweetening properties. If sugars are naturally present in the food, the following indication should also appear on the label: "CONTAINS NATURALLY OCCURRING SUGARS" [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum].
No added sugars and 'without added sugars' are allowed if no sugar or sugar containing ingredient is added during processing. (28 Federal Register 2302, January 6, 1993)
no sugars added claim
starch-related claim
no modified food starch added claim
no starch added claim
A claim about a vitamin or mineral with respect to an edible product.
mineral- or vitamin-related claim or use
vitamin- or mineral-related claim
color-related claim
no artificial colors claim
no color added claim
taste- or flavor-related claim or use
flavor- or taste-related claim
all natural flavors claim or use
no artificial flavors claim
no flavor added claim
sweetener-related claim
no artificial sweeteners claim
unsweetened claim
artificial ingredient-related claim
all natural claim or use
no artificial ingredients claim
no artificial additives claim
preservative-related claim
no nitrite/nitrate added claim
no sulfite added claim
no artificial preservatives claim
no preservatives claim
other constituent- or ingredient-related claim or use
other ingredient- or constituent-related claim
no msg added claim
no caffeine claim or use
caffeine free claim
no caffeine added claim or use
naturally caffeine free claim
processing-related claim
A raw food that has not been frozen, heat processed or otherwise preserved.
fresh, label claim
"fresh" label claim
not pasteurized claim
unrefined or unpurified claim or use
unpurified or unrefined claim
unbleached claim
Health claim means any claim made on the label or in labeling of a food, including a dietary supplement, that expressly or by implication, including "third party" references, written statements (e.g., a brand name including a term such as "heart"), symbols (e.g., a heart symbol), or vignettes, characterizes the relationship of any substance to a disease or health-related condition. See also 21 CFR 101.14 [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.14].
A claim is a health claim if in the naming of the substance or category of substances, there is a description or indication of a functionality or an implied effect on health; examples: "contains antioxidants" (the function is an antioxidant effect); "containsprobiotics/prebiotics" (the reference to probiotic/prebiotic implies a health benefit). Equally, claims which refer to an indication of a functionality in the description of a nutrient or a substance (for instance as an adjective to the substance) should also beclassified as a health claim; examples: "with prebiotic fibres" or "contains prebiotic fibres".
In Europe, a health claim is any statement about a relationship between food and health [http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/labellingnutrition/claims/health_claims_en.htm], and only authorized health claims are legal [see http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/labellingnutrition/claims/community_register/health_claims_en.htm].
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 432/2012 of 16 May 2012 establishes a list of permitted health claims made on foods, other than those referring to the reduction of disease risk and to children"s development and health [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:136:0001:0040:en:PDF]
LanguaL curation note: Used for any claim that states, suggests or implies that a relationship exists between a food category, a food or one of its components and health.
health-related claim
does not promote tooth decay claim
tooth decay-related claim
custom- or religion-related claim or use
religion- or customs-related claim
kosher claim
USA:
The 1990 Farm Act specifies that a food labeled 'organic' must meet four requirements: 1) the food must be raised by specified methods to replenish and maintain the fertility of the soil; 2) the food must be certified as having been produced with a nationally approved list of materials and practices; 3) to be eligible for certification at least three years must have elapsed between the first organic harvest and first use of nationally approved materials on land and crops;and 4) organic foods must meet all local, state and federal regulations governing the quality and safety of the food supply.
Europe:
Foods produced in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007
of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91. [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:189:0001:0023:EN:PDF]
no pesticides claim or use
organically grown label claim
organic food claim
Considerations include amounts that are 'nutritionally trivial' and amounts that can be declared as zero on the nutrition label. An additional criterion based on amount per weight (e.g., per 100 grams) is not considered necessary because the amount of nutrient in a 'free' food is so low that even frequent and repeated consumption is unlikely to have physiological consequences. (U.S. proposed)
free, label claim
"free" label claim
An amount customarily consumed contains 20% or more of the daily nutritional value to describe protein, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, or potassium. May be used on meals or main dishes to indicate that product contains a food that meets the definition.
excellent source of label claim
high, label claim
rich in label claim
"high" label claim
less, label claim
LanguaL curation note: Used on label comparison statements to describe foods having 25% or greater reductions in a nutrient. (U.S. proposed)
"less" label claim
A claim stating that a product is "light" or "lite", and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, shall follow the same conditions as those set for the term "reduced", see *REDUCED {NAME OF NUTRIENT} NUTRITION CLAIM [P0132]*; the claim shall also be accompanied by an indication of the characteristic(s) which make(s) the food "light" or "lite" [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Used for foods that have 33.3% fewer calories than a comparable product and a minimum reduction of more than 40 calories per serving. Any other use of 'light' must specify whether it refers to the look, taste or smell; for example, 'light in color'. (U.S. FDA proposed)
light, label claim
"light" label claim
more, label claim
LanguaL curation note: Used in label comparison statement when a food contains at least 10% more of the daily nutritional value per amount customarily consumed.
"more" label claim
contains label claim
contains, label claim
good source of label claim
good source of, label claim
provides label claim
provides, label claim
source of, label claim
LanguaL curation note: The amount customarily consumed contains 10% to 19% of the daily nutritional value. May be used on meals or main dishes to indicate that product contains a food that meets the definition.
"source of" label claim
kosher for passover claim
A food consumer group is a class of organism based on their heterotrophic requirements or preferences.
Damion Dooley
LanguaL curation note: Food consumer type, human or animal, for which the food product is produced and marketed.
food consumer group
reduced or no cholesterol claim
no or reduced cholesterol claim
percent fat free claim or use
LanguaL curation note: Used only in describing foods that qualify as low fat. (U.S. proposed).
The claim is not allowed in EU [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum].
(percent) fat free claim
Food having less than 5 miligrams sodium per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes, less than 5 milligrams sodium per labeled serving). Such food must contain no ingredient that is sodium chloride or generally understood to contain sodium except where the ingredient listed is footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of sodium'.
sodium free claim
Food having 35 milligrams or less sodium per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams of food if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes contain 35 milligrams or less sodium per 100 grams food.
very low sodium claim
Food containing at least 25% less sodium per amount customarily consumed than the sodium content of a comparable food product. The comparable food may not be 'low sodium'.
reduced sodium claim
Foods having 140 milligrams or less sodium per amount customarily consumed (and per 50 grams of food if the amount customarily consumed is small). Meals and main dishes have 140 milligrams sodium per 100 grams of food.
2019-08-26T06:26:30Z
low sodium claim
game as consumer
rabbit as consumer
other special claim
LanguaL curation note: Use when the 'claim or use' index term is found in the name of the food appearing on the label (e.g., 'unbleached flour' indexed by *UNBLEACHED CLAIM OR USE*).
label claim in food name
LanguaL curation note: Use when the 'claim or use' index term appears on the food label but not in the food name (e.g., a label for bran cereal saying 'high in fiber' indexed by *HIGH FIBER FOOD*).
label claim separate from food name
no water added claim
parve claim or use
pareve claim
noncarbonated claim
lactose reduced food
lactose free food
unenriched claim
no mineral or vitamin added claim
no vitamin or mineral added claim
gluten free claim
egg free claim
alcohol free claim
LanguaL curation note: Used to indicate a food is kosher but may contain dairy ingredients [CFSAN thesaurus].
kosher milchlig claim
The food was quickly frozen while still fresh.
fresh frozen, label claim
"fresh frozen" label claim
A claim that a food does not contain saturated fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the sum of saturated fat and trans-fatty acids does not exceed 0,1 g of saturated fat per 100 g or 100 ml [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
Food having less than 0.5 grams saturated fat per amount customarily consumed (or for meals and main dishes, less than 0.5 grams saturated fat per labeled serving). Trans fatty acids are not more than 1% of total fat. Such foods contain no ingredient that is understood to contain saturated fat except where the ingredient listed has been footnoted '*adds a trivial amount of saturated fat' [US FDA].
saturated fat free food
Food containing at least 25% less saturated fat per amount customarily consumed than the saturated fat content of a comparable food product. The comparable food product may not be 'low saturated fat'.
reduced saturated fat food
Food having at least 25% less sugars per amount customarily consumed than the sugars content of a comparable food product.
reduced sugars food
Wild or semiwild foods consumed only during periods of famine when no other food is available.
starvation food
aliment de disette
A food is 'enriched' when nutrients are added to it to replace those that are lost in processing.
LanguaL curation note: Used when nutrients are added to the food to replace those that are lost in processing
enriched food claim
A food is 'fortified' when nutrients that were never present are added to it.
LanguaL curation note: Used when nutrients that were never present are added to the food.
fortified food claim
A claim that iodine has been added to an edible product.
kelp added
LanguaL curation note: Used when iodine is added for supplementation at any level.
iodized claim
unfortified claim
Characterized by adherence to the dietary practices required by Islamic law (Webster's).
halal claim
adult food
adult human as food consumer
infant as food consumer, 0 - 3 months
infant as food consumer, 3 - 6 months
follow-on formula
infant as food consumer, 6 - 12 months
toddler as food consumer, 12 months and onwards
low alcohol claim
probiotic claim
full fat claim
trans fat claim
Food Quality/Food Assurance Claim indicates, with reference to the product branding, labelling or packaging, whether the product is stamped with a quality mark, as approved by the governing authority, such as USDA for USA products [Source: GS1].
food quality claim
It should be noted that such claims are illegal in some countries, e.g. Denmark, and that other countries, e.g. United Kingdom, are calling for an end to the use of terms such as 'diabetic' or 'suitable for diabetics' on food labels.
The European Commission is considering how foods intended specifically for people with diabetes can be controlled.
diabetic or suitable for diabetics claim
vegan/vegetarian or suitability for vegan/vegetarian claim
LanguaL curation note: Denotes a product that contains no pork meat.
no pork added claim
LanguaL curation note: Denotes a product that contains no beef or beef-products. Beef is considered to be a taboo foodproduct by some religions most notable Hinduism, Boedism and Jainism.
no beef added claim
Food that is promoted as being either high or low in protein.
protein special claim
A claim that a food is high in protein, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where at least 20 % of the energy value of the food is provided by protein [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
high protein food
LanguaL curation note: A claim that a food is a natural source of vitamins and/or minerals, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least 15% of the recommended daily allowance specified in the Annex of Council Directive 90/496/EEC per 100 g or 100 ml.
natural source of vitamins and or minerals claim
A claim that a food is a source of fibre, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least 3 g of fibre per 100 g or at least 1,5 g of fibre per 100 kcal [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
source of fibre
A claim that a food is a source of protein, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where at least 12 % of the energy value of the food is provided by protein. [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum].
source of protein
A claim that a food contains a nutrient or another substance, for which specific conditions are not laid down in this Regulation, or any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product complies with all the applicable provisions of this Regulation, and in particular Article 5. For vitamins and minerals the conditions of the claim "source of" shall apply. [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
LanguaL curation note: Used for claims like "contains [name of the nutrient or other substance]".
contains {name of the nutrient or other substance} nutrition claim
A claim stating that the content in one or more nutrients, other than vitamins and minerals, has been increased, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product meets the conditions for the claim "source of" and the increase in content is at least 30 % compared to a similar product. [Forordning (EF) nr. 1924/2006 Berigtigelse 2007-01-18].
increased {name of nutrient} nutrition claim
Where a food naturally meets the condition(s) laid down in this Annex for the use of a nutritional claim, the term "naturally/natural" may be used as a prefix to the claim [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum2007-01-18].
"naturally/natural" label claim
A claim that a food is a source of vitamins and/or minerals, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least a significant amount as defined in the Annex to Directive 90/496/EEC or an amount provided for by derogations granted according to Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on the addition of vitamins and minerals and of certain other substances to foods [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum2007-01-18].
source of {name of vitamin/s} and/or {name of mineral/s} nutrition claim
A claim that a food is high in vitamins and/or minerals, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least twice the value of "source of [NAME OF VITAMIN/S] and/or [NAME OF MINERAL/S]" [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
high {name of vitamin/s} and/or {name of mineral/s} nutrition claim
A claim stating that the content in one or more nutrients has been reduced, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the reduction in content is at least 30 % compared to a similar product, except for micronutrients, where a 10 % difference in the reference values as set in Directive 90/496/EEC shall be acceptable, and for sodium, or the equivalent value for salt, where a 25 % difference shall be acceptable. [REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 Corrigendum 2007-01-18].
reduced {name of nutrient} nutrition claim
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food allergen labelling
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
LanguaL curation note: Used for cereals containing gluten ( i.e. wheat, rye, barley, oats, spelt, kamut or their hybridised strains) and products thereof
food allergen labelling about cereals containing gluten and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about crustaceans and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about eggs and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about fish and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about peanuts and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about soybeans and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about milk and products thereof, including lactose
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
LanguaL curation note: Used for nuts i. e. Almond (Amygdalus communis L.), Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), Walnut (Juglans regia), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Pecan nut (Carya illinoiesis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), Pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), Macadamia nut and Queensland nut (Macadamia ternifolia) and products thereof.
food allergen labelling about nuts and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about celery and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about mustard and products thereof
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
food allergen labelling about sesame seeds and products thereof
Sulphur dioxide and sulphites are included in the EU list of allergens
because they can cause adverse reactions in some people.
Regulated by Directive 2003/89/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003 amending Directive 2000/13/EC as regards indication of the ingredients present in foodstuffs.
LanguaL curation note: Used for sulphur dioxide and sulphites at concentrations of more than 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/litre expressed as SO2.
food allergen labelling about sulphur dioxide and sulphites
Contained in GS1 Allergen Code List.
food allergen labelling about cocoa and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about coriander and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about lupine and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about corn and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about pod fruits and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about carrot and products thereof
Contained in GS1 Code List.
food allergen labelling about molluscs and products thereof
LanguaL curation note: Under the new FDA regulations, by Jan. 1, 2006, consumers will be able to find trans fat listed on food nutrition labels directly under the line for saturated fat. The new information is the first significant change on the Nutrition Facts panel since it was established in 1993.
Source: http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/transfat/.
"no trans fat" claim
'Traditional" means proven usage on the Community market for a time period showing transmission between generations; this time period should be the one generally ascribed to one human generation, at least 25 years [COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 509/2006 of 20 March 2006 on agricultural products and foodstuffs as traditional specialities guaranteed].
A traditional food product is a product frequently consumed or associated to specific celebrations and/or seasons, normally transmitted from one generation to another, made with care in a specific way according to the gastronomic heritage, with little or no processing/manipulation, that is distinguished and known because of its sensory properties and associated to a certain local area, region or country. [http://www.truefood.eu/]
Traditional means conforming to established practice or specifications prior to the Second World War. Traditional food is a food of a specific feature or features, which distinguish it clearly from other similar products of the same category in terms of the use of traditional ingredients (raw materials or primary products), traditional composition or traditional type of production and/or processing method. [Traditional Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 6, 2009]
traditional food claim
Ethnic food is food from countries other than the home market contributing to a different food culture than the traditional cuisine of the host country. [Ethnic Groups and Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 3, 2005]
"Ethnic food" has been used colloquially for a wide variety of foodstuffs, virtually any that can be identified in the public mind with a foreign source or an ethnic minority group. In the narrower ethnographic meaning, it pertains only to food prepared or consumed by members of an ethnic group as a manifestation of its ethnicity. In the end ethnic food is food that members of an ethnic group consider their own and that others attribute to them. [http://www.answers.com/topic/ethnic-cuisines]
ethnic food claim
Raw material (species and/or varieties) or primary product either alone or as an ingredient that has been used in identifiable geographical areas and remains in use today (taking into account cases where use was abandoned for a time and then reinstated) and its characteristics are in accordance with current specifications of national and EU legislation. [Traditional Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 6, 2009]
LanguaL curation note: Use when "Traditional ingredients" is claimed.
traditional ingredient claim
The uniquely identifiable composition (in terms of ingredients) that was first established prior to the Second World War and passed down through generations by oral or other means (taking into account cases where composition was abandoned for a time and then reinstated) and when necessary is differentiated from the composition defined by the generally recognized characteristics of the wider food group to which the product belongs. [Traditional Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 6, 2009]
LanguaL curation note: Use when "Traditional composition" is claimed.
traditional composition claim
The production and/or processing of a food that has been transmitted from generation to generation through oral tradition or other means and has been applied prior to the Second World War and remains in use (taking into account cases where composition was abandoned for a time and then reinstated) despite its adjustment to binding rules from national or EU food hygiene regulations or the incorporation of technological progress, under the condition that production and/or processing remains in line with methods used originally and that the food"s intrinsic features such as its physical, chemical, microbiological or organoleptic features are maintained. [Traditional Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 6, 2009]
LanguaL curation note: Use when "Traditional type of production and/or processing" is claimed.
traditional type of production and/or processing claim
Authentic ethnic food is food from countries other than the home market contributing to a different food culture than the traditional cuisine of the host country. Food may be adapted by combining local and imported ingredients. [Ethnic Groups and Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 3, 2005]
authentic ethnic food claim
Modified ethnic food: a commercially-available version of a food that has been modified to suit the taste and preference of the host country. [Ethnic Groups and Foods in Europe, EuroFIR Synthesis report No 3, 2005]
modified ethnic food claim
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims.
monounsaturated fat claim
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims
polyunsaturated fat claim
A claim that a food is high in monounsaturated fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where at least 45 % of the fatty acids present in the product derive from monounsaturated fat under the condition that monounsaturated fat provides more than 20 % of energy of the product [COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims].
high monounsaturated fat
omega-3 fatty acids claim
A claim that a food is high in omega-3 fatty acids, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least 0,6 g alpha-linolenic acid per 100 g and per 100 kcal, or at least 80 mg of the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid per 100 g and per 100 kcal [COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims].
high omega-3 fatty acids
A claim that a food is high in polyunsaturated fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where at least 45 % of the fatty acids present in the product derive from polyunsaturated fat under the condition that polyunsaturated fat provides more than 20 % of energy of the product [COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims].
high polyunsaturated fat
unsaturated fat claim
A claim that a food is high in unsaturated fat, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer may only be made where at least 70 % of the fatty acids present in the product derive from unsaturated fat under the condition that unsaturated fat provides more than 20 % of energy of the product [COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims]..
high unsaturated fat
A claim that a food is a source of omega-3 fatty acids, and any claim likely to have the same meaning for the consumer, may only be made where the product contains at least 0,3 g alpha-linolenic acid per 100 g and per
100 kcal, or at least 40 mg of the sum of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid per 100 g and per 100 kcal [COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 116/2010 of 9 February 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the list of nutrition claims].
source of omega-3 fatty acids
US FDA Approved user group.
human as food consumer, four years and above
man as food consumer
woman as food consumer
pregnant or lactating woman as food consumer
senior as food consumer
teenager as food consumer
child as food consumer, less than four years
US FDA approved language lacking for the moment.
LanguaL curation note: Used in USA.
calcium and osteoporosis related claim
athlete as food consumer
bodybuilder as food consumer
menopaused woman as food consumer
weight-reducer as food consumer
infant as food consumer, 0 - 6 months
In the United States, these claims, usually referred to as "qualified health claims", are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration in the public interest, see 21 Code of Federal Regulations § 101.14 [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.14]
qualified health claim
Structure/function claims describe the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient intended to affect normal structure or function in humans, for example, "calcium builds strong bones". In addition, they may characterize the means by which a nutrient or dietary ingredient acts to maintain such structure or function, for example, "fiber maintains bowel regularity," or "antioxidants maintain cell integrity," or they may describe general well-being from consumption of a nutrient or dietary ingredient. [http://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/LabelClaims/StructureFunctionClaims/default.htm]
article 13 health claims (european commission)
nutrient function claim (codex alimentarius)
structure/function claim
The term infant is typically applied to young children between the ages of 1 month and 12 months. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant]
WIKIPEDIA:Infant
infant as food consumer
Native American food claim
Alaskan Native food claim
Apache food claim
Navajo food claim
Shoshone Bannock food claim
Pacific food claim
Northern Plains food claim
Southwest Plains food claim
Hopi food claim
plant sterols or stanols claim or use
phytosterol claim
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AQU1
aquaculture area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ATOC: *ATLANTIC OCEAN*.
atlantic ocean and adjacent sea fishing area
US FDA 1995 Code: AA
fishing area
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 01
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA01: *AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA*.
africa - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 01)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 02
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA02: *NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA*.
north america - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 02)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 03
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA03: *SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA*.
south america - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 03)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 04
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA04: "ASIAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA".
asia - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 04)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 05
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA05: "EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA".
europe - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 05)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 06
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA06: "AUSTRALIAN CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA".
oceania - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 06)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
The descriptor has been inactivated in the FAO Major Fishing Area system, instead use *EUROPE - INLAND WATERS (FAO MAJOR FISHING AREAS 05)*, which covers the area.
former ussr area - inland waters (fao major fishing areas 07)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Areas 08
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA08: "ANTARCTIC CONTINENTAL FISHING AREA".
antarctica - inland waters (fao major fishing area 08)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 18 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area18].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA18: *ARCTIC FISHING AREA*.
arctic sea (fao major fishing area 18)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 21 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area21].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA21: *ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHWEST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, northwest (fao major fishing area 21)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 27 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area27].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA27: *ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTHEAST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, northeast (fao major fishing area 27)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 31 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area31].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA31: *ATLANTIC OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, western central (fao major fishing area 31)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 34 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area34].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AA34: *ATLANTIC OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, eastern central (fao major fishing area 34)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 37 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area37].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA37: *MEDITERRANEAN FISHING AREA*.
mediterranean and black sea (fao major fishing area 37)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 41 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area41].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA41: *ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, southwest (fao major fishing area 41)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 47 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area47].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA47: *ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, southeast (fao major fishing area 47)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 48 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area48].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA48: *ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA*.
atlantic, antarctic (fao major fishing area 48)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 51 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area51].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA51: *INDIAN OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA*.
indian ocean, western (major fishing area 51)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 57 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area57].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA57: *INDIAN OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA*.
indian ocean, eastern (fao major fishing area 57)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 58 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area58].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA58: *INDIAN OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA*.
antarctic and southern indian ocean (fao major fishing area 58)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 61 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area61]
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA61: *PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHWEST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, northwest (fao major fishing area 61)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 67 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area67].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA67: *PACIFIC OCEAN NORTHEAST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, northeast (fao major fishing area 67)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 71 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area71].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA71: *PACIFIC OCEAN WEST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, western central (fao major fishing area 71)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 77 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area77].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA77: *PACIFIC OCEAN EAST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, eastern central (fao major fishing area 77)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 81 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area81]
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA81: *PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHWEST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, southwest (fao major fishing area 81)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area87].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA87: *PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTHEAST FISHING AREA*.
pacific, southeast (fao major fishing area 87)
CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
FAO Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit, 2003.
Section H: FISHING AREAS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES.
FAO Major Fishing Area 88 [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/Area88].
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code AA88: *PACIFIC OCEAN SOUTH FISHING AREA*.
pacific, antarctic (fao major fishing area 88)
US FDA 1995 Code: CLZ
Source--National Geographic Atlas of the World, Revised 6th Edition, 1992. All terms from Vladimir Koppen system based on precipitation, temperature and vegetation.
Damion Dooley's note: These LanguaL inherited zones need to be mapped over to ENVO environmental biomes or zones.
climatic zone
LanguaL curation note: Do not use this descriptor, unless a more specific descriptor cannot be found in *INLAND WATERS [R0512]* and narrower terms.
US FDA 1995 Code: FRWA
freshwater fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: INOC
indian ocean fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NT
neutral zone
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PAOC
pacific ocean fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN05
Western Asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QO
atlantic ocean islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QR01
europe, central
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QR02
europe, eastern
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QR03
europe, southern
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QR04
europe, western
scandinavia
LanguaL curation note: Descriptor renamed from SCANDINAVIA, US FDA 1995 Code: QR05
europe, nordic countries
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QS
indian ocean islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QU
pacific ocean islands
Damion Dooley
european community
european economic community
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QZ01
European Union
A commission that administrates a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to foods, food production, and food safety.
Damion Dooley
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QZ02
Codex Alimentarius Commission
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SUB1
subtropical fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SUB2
subtropical reef fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TF
french southern territories
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TRO1
tropical fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TRO2
tropical reef fishing area
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US60
middle atlantic states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US61
midwestern states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US62
northeastern states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US63
southeastern states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US64
southwestern states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US65
u.s. protectorates
tropical climatic zone
tropical wet climatic zone
tropical dry climatic zone
dry climatic zone
semiarid climatic zone
arid climatic zone
mild climatic zone
marina west coast climatic zone
mediterranean climatic zone
humid subtropical climatic zone
continental climatic zone
warm summer climatic zone
cool summer climatic zone
subarctic climatic zone
polar climatic zone
tundra climatic zone
ice cap climatic zone
high elevations climatic zone
highlands climatic zone
uplands climatic zone
LanguaL curation note: Do not use this descriptor, unless a more specific cannot be found in *MARINE AREAS [R0513]* and narrower terms.
salt water fishing area
For more information, see FAO major fishing areas [http://www.fao.org/fishery/area/search].
FAO statistical areas for fishery purposes
Eight major inland fishing areas covering the inland waters of the continents [http://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/handbook/H].
inland water fishing area
Nineteen major marine fishing areas covering the waters of the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern Oceans, with their adjacent seas [http://www.fao.org/fishery/cwp/handbook/H].
marine water fishing area
southern ocean fishing area
An intergovernmental economic organisation with 37 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
Damion Dooley
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
aaland islands
drumstick meat, poultry
leg meat, poultry
thigh meat, poultry
LanguaL curation note: Used only for poultry meat that comes from the drumstick, thigh or leg.
dark poultry meat
breast meat, poultry
wing meat, poultry
LanguaL curation note: Used only for poultry meat that comes from the breast or wing.
light poultry meat
A data item consisting of a claim or record of a food product's origin or processing history or suitability for some purpose.
Damion Dooley
adjunct characteristics of food
food datum
LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term only if poultry meat is the first or sole ingredient of a food product.
color of poultry meat
grade of meat, u.s.
LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term only if meat is the first or sole ingredient of a food product. These terms are used only for meat from large mammals (i.e., cattle, sheep, swine); do not use for poultry.
cut of meat, u.s.
prime grade
choice grade
good grade
select grade
standard grade
commercial grade
utility grade
cutter grade
canner grade
cull grade
A cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisket
brisket
chuck
flank
hotel rack
rack (meat cut)
rib (meat cut)
leg (meat cut)
round or leg (meat cut)
fore shank
short loin
sirloin
short plate
loin
fat back
cheek and head trimmings
cheek meat
ear meat
head meat
jowl meat
lip meat
nose meat
snout meat
LanguaL curation note: Includes head trimmings.
jowl, trimmed
foot (meat cut)
Meat cut from the area where the clod meets the edge of the pectoral muscle in an animal.
boston butt
clear plate
picnic shoulder
shoulder (meat cut)
breast (meat cut)
spareribs
side (meat cut)
composite cut of meat
cut of meat, composite
adjunct characteristics of meat, poultry or fish
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
meat, poultry or fish physical quality
A food plant physical characteristic about the ripening stage of development of a fruit.
Ripeness entails safety, nutrient composition and consumption characteristics.
This term was revised (Aug 4, 2022) from LanguaL's original "degree of plant maturity" label and its "plant or plant part" scope, which leaned heavily toward a fruit-oriented sense. (LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term only if ripeness is stated in the food name or label.) FoodOn now has a separate class for plant maturity.
fruit ripeness
A fruit ripeness characteristic in which a fruit has not achieved full maturity and is not slightly ripe.
immature
unripe
This condition does not necessarily preclude utilization, for example, green tomatoes are consumed despite their relative unripeness to red tomatoes.
unripe
A fruit ripeness characteristic in which a fruit has achieved full maturity and is ready for utilization.
mature
ripe
mature
LanguaL curation note: Use only if ripeness is stated in the food name or label.
ripe
grade of meat, mixture
LanguaL curation note: Used only for mixtures of white and dark poultry meat.
poultry meat color, mixture
LanguaL curation note: Used to characterize colors of tuna or salmon flesh. The appropriate narrower term is used only when tuna or salmon is the first or sole ingredient of a food product.
color of fish flesh
LanguaL curation note: This designation is limited to the species thunnus germo (albacore); the flesh is not darker than munsell value 6.3 (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4)(i)).
white fish flesh
LanguaL curation note: This color designation describes tuna flesh that is not darker than munsell value 5.3 (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4) (ii)).
light fish flesh
LanguaL curation note: This color designation describes tuna flesh that is darker than munsell value 5.3 (21 CFR 161.190(a)(4) (iii)).
dark fish flesh
LanguaL curation note: Used only for red salmon.
red fish flesh
LanguaL curation note: Used for salmon that is not designated as 'red'.
pink fish flesh
color of tuna, blended
LanguaL curation note: Used only for mixtures of red and pink salmon flesh or for mixtures of white or light and dark tuna flesh.
color of fish flesh, mixture
Boneless skeletal meat from the lower sides of meat animals; usually belly meat is smoked and cured to produce bacon.
belly meat
LanguaL curation note: Use the appropriate narrower term only if meat is the first or sole ingredient of a food product.
grade of meat
grade of meat, europe
meat grade e
grade e, europe
meat grade u
grade u, europe
meat grade r
grade r, europe
meat grade o
grade o, europe
meat grade p
grade p, europe
brushed cheese rind
washed or brushed cheese rind
cheese rind (washed or brushed)
mold cheese rind
mold rind
cheese rind (moldy)
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
material of contact prior to food packaging
processed in metal container
processed in copper container
processed in iron container
processed in stainless steel container
processed in glass container
processed in plastic container
processed in stone container
processed in wood container
The French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO). [Wikipedia]
controlled name
protected name
A datum indicating that use of a food product name is regulated within some legal framework.
A formulated mix with low water activity. Excludes dry beverage bases.
dry mix
particle size in solid formed products
solid containing very small particles (<1 mm.)
solid containing small particles (1-4 mm.)
solid containing medium or large chunks (>8 mm.)
processed in teflon-coated container
solid containing medium or small particles (4-8 mm.)
external fat trimmed to 1/2 inch
external fat trimmed to 1/4 inch
external fat trimmed to 0 inch
extent of fat trim
The process of producing and/or retailing post-harvest food in a consumer or industrial context.
food facility preparation process
The process of preparing food at a human residence.
homemade
prepared in home
home food preparation process
The process of preparing and serving food in a restaurant.
restaurant food preparation process
The process of preparing and serving food in a fast food outlet.
fast food outlet preparation process
The process of preparing food in an industrial facility.
food industry preparation process
The process of preparing food in a commissary.
commissary food preparation process
The process of preparing and serving food in a restaurant or fast food outlet.
restaurant or fast food preparation process
The process of sourcing and selling food at a street vending establishment.
Street vendor food may be prepared at on- or off-site locations, commissaries (e.g., wrapped fresh sandwiches) or food industry establishments (e.g., bagged potato chips). Examples of street vendors include hot dog stands, truck sandwich vendors, and vendors that sell bagged potato chips.
street vendor food retail process
cut of meat, french
fore quarter
quartier avant
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cuts of meat known as 'brisket', 'shortplate' and 'flank'.
caparacon
bavette
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'flank'.
flanchet
hampe
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'short plate'.
plat-de-cote
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'breast'. Includes gros bout and milieu.
poitrine
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the front part of the U.S. cut of meat called 'chuck'.
collier
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximatly to the U.S. cut of meat called 'blade'.
basses-cotes
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cuts of meat called 'shoulder' and 'foreshank'.
raquette
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'fore shank'.
gite avant
jumeau
marcreuse
hind quarter
quartier arriere
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut or meat called 'round or leg'.
cuisse
gite arriere
LanguaL curation note: Includes ronde de gite, gite noix, etc.
semelle
LanguaL curation note: Includes tende de tranche/milieu de gite, ronde de tranche, poire, merlan, araignee, etc.
tranche (meat cut)
tranche grasse
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cuts of meat called 'loin' and 'rib'.
aloyau
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'short loin'.
entre-cote
LanguaL curation note: This corresponds approximately to the U.S. cut of meat called 'sirloin'.
faux-filet
A boneless cut or slice of meat or fish.
fillet
filet
LanguaL curation note: Examples include aiguillette rumsteck and aiguillette baronne.
rumsteck
natural cheese rind
cheese rind (natural)
artificial cheese rind
cheese rind (artificial)
grade a, europe
biotechnologically derived food
A food production process involving the rearing of an organism.
Damion Dooley
agricultural food production
gathering tropical fruit
hunting wild game
picking wild blueberries
The hunting or foraging for wild food resources.
Damion Dooley
wild food harvesting
An agricultural production process involving a domesticated organism.
domestic or cultivated food production
tail
LanguaL curation note: See also *COLOR OF POULTRY MEAT* and narrower terms.
cut of poultry meat
The wing of a poultry bird.
poultry wing
The thigh cut of a poultry bird.
poultry thigh
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
sugar content (eurocode2)
sugar content > 50%
sugar content 30-50%
sugar content < 30%
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
alcohol content (eurocode2)
alcohol content > 5%
alcohol content 3.1-5%
alcohol content 1-3%
alcohol content < 1%
alcohol content > 9%
alcohol content < 9%
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
oil content (eurocode2)
oil content > 50%
oil content 25-50%
oil content < 25%
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food content range (europe)
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
fat content (eurocode2)
fat content > 4%
fat content 3-4%
fat content 1-2.9%
fat content < 1%
fat content > 5%
fat content < 5%
fat content > 30%
fat content 15-30%
fat content < 15%
fat content > 3%
fat content 1-3%
fat content >= 3.5%
fat content < 3.5%
fat content > 50%
fat content 30-50%
fat content < 30%
fat content > 60%
fat content 46-60%
fat content 30-45%
fat content 31-45%
fat content > 80%, > 25% pufa
fat content > 80%, < 25% pufa
fat content 50-80%, < 25% pufa
fat content 50-80%, > 25% pufa
fat content < 50%, > 35% pufa
fat content < 50%, < 35% pufa
An agricultural production process involving wild plants, insects or other organisms that are tended and protected.
semiwild or semidomestic
semidomestic or semiwild food production
A planned process involving the rearing, manufacture or distribution of food material.
Damion Dooley
production area
food production
The cultivation of plants for food.
food plant cultivation
open-field cultivation
outdoor/open-air plant cultivation
Open-air plant cultivation using non-organic fertilizer, pest and weed control treatments.
Conventional outdoor/open-air plant cultivation includes ICMS (Integrated Crop Management Systems)
conventional outdoor/open-air cultivation
The organic cultivation of plants in an unsheltered area.
outdoor/open-air organic plant cultivation
under glass/protected plant cultivation
conventional under glass/protected cultivation
The organic cultivation of plants in a sheltered area.
under glass/protected organic plant cultivation
A method of growing plants, usually crops, without soil, by using mineral nutrient solutions in an aqueous solvent.
Damion Dooley
hydroponic cultivation
tenderloin
A can of peaches in syrup, in which the syrup is uncompromised.
A food object quality which describes the integrity of the medium in which the food is packed for preservation and handling or the medium surrounding foods.
Previous definition was a legacy definition, not ontological and has been moved to comments. Updated examples of usage to remove plastic usage as describes packaging not packing medium.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
Previous definition: It is important to distinguish whether the food in question has been drained or not drained when evaluating the nutrient content.
Related term to PRESENCE OF PACKING MEDIUM is K. PACKING MEDIUM.
food packing medium integrity
A can of chickpeas where the liquid medium has been drained.
A food object quality where the medium in which the food is packed is drained.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
LanguaL curation note: Used to indicate that the food, for example a canned food, is drained.
food packing medium drained
A can of chickpeas where the liquid medium has not been drained.
A food object quality where the medium in which the food is packed is still surrounding the food.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
LanguaL curation note: Used to indicate that the food, for example a canned food, is not drained.
food packing medium not drained
US FDA 1995 Code: HA00
haccp guide food safety term
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ANIN
anisakis infestation
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ASFP
amnesic shellfish poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CGTX
ciguatoxic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CHFP
chimaeroid poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CPFP
clupeotoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DBIN
diphyllobothrium infestation
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DSFP
diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA01
hazard 1
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA02
hazard 2
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA03
hazard 3
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA04
hazard 4
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA05
hazard 5
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA06
hazard 6
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA07
hazard 7
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA08
hazard 8
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA09
hazard 9
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HA10
hazard 10
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IAFP
ichthyoallyeinotoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ICFP
ichthyocrinotoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IHFP
ichthyohepatotoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IOFP
ichthyootoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LEPO
lead poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NATP
sodium tripolyphosphate
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NMIN
nematode infestation
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NSFP
neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PSFP
paralytic shellfish poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SCOM
scombrotoxic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TDFP
tetrodotoxic poisoning
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PCBP
chlorinated biphenyl
A food which is produced from an organism which has changes in its DNA as a result of genetic engineering.
GE food
bioengineered food
genetically engineered food
GMO
LanguaL curation note: 'Genetically modified food' means food containing, consisting of or produced from GMOs - in accordance with REGULATION (EC) No 1829/2003 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed.
food (genetically-modified)
external fat trimmed to 1/8 inch
Plant cultivation according to organic food production methods including the use of fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting, biological pest control and the fostering of insect predators.
organic farming
organic plant production
Foods produced in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91.
organic plant cultivation
PGS
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed (TSG) are geographical indications, or more precisely regimes, within the framework. The law (enforced within the EU and being gradually expanded internationally via bilateral agreements of the EU with non-EU countries) ensures that only products genuinely originating in that region are allowed in commerce as such. The legislation came into force in 1992. The purpose of the law is to protect the reputation of the regional foods and eliminate the unfair competition and misleading of consumers by non-genuine products, which may be of inferior quality or of different flavour. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_indications_and_traditional_specialities_in_the_European_Union#Protected_geographical_indication_(PGI)]
PDO
PGI
"At least one of the stages of production, processing or preparation takes place in the area." [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/schemes/index_en.htm].
TSG
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food content range (eurocode2)
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
fat content, milk and milk products (eurocode2)
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
fat content, oil, fats and their products (eurocode2)
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
fat content, fish
lean fish
white fish
LanguaL curation note: Used to distinguish "oily/fatty fish" from "lean fish": as some fish can belong to one or other of these groups according to season and fishing zone.
fat content <=3%
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
fat content, meat
LanguaL curation note: Used to distinguish "fatty meat" from "lean meat": as some animal species can belong to one or other of these groups according to meat cut/presence of skin.
fat content >10%
LanguaL curation note: Used to distinguish "fatty meat" from "lean meat": as some animal species can belong to one or other of these groups according to meat cut/presence of skin.
fat content <=10%
adjunct characteristics of plants
LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term.
food plant physical quality
color of fruit or vegetable flesh
pink flesh
green flesh
gold flesh
yellow flesh
white flesh
red flesh
purple flesh
blue flesh
color of fruit or vegetable skin
pink skin
green skin
gold skin
yellow skin
white skin
red skin
purple skin
blue skin
black skin
brown skin
orange skin
orange flesh
An agricultural production process that aims to produce food using natural substances and processes that have a limited negative environmental and human health impact as they encourage the responsible use of energy and natural resources like water, the maintenance of biodiversity, the preservation of regional ecological balances, enhancement of soil fertility, and animal welfare.
Damion Dooley
In Europe, "organic production" means the use of the production method compliant with the rules established in Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007 of 28 June 2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91, at all stages of production, preparation and distribution.[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:189:0001:0023:EN:PDF]
organic food production
A method of farming husbandry where the animals, for at least part of the day, can roam freely outdoors, rather than being confined in an enclosure for 24 hours each day. This term can be applied to egg, dairy, poultry, and meat production.
Damion Dooley
grass fed
free range
free-range food animal rearing
A meat shank or shin is the portion of meat around the tibia of the animal, the leg bone beneath the knee. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shank_(meat)]
WIKIPEDIA:Shank_(meat)
shank (meat)
The neck cut of a poultry bird.
poultry neck
A compromised plastic food wrapper.
A food object quality which describes the stability and completeness of the packaging material.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T17:24:47.024Z
food packaging integrity
An intact plastic food wrapper.
A food packaging integrity quality in which the packaging is undamaged and in the original form.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T17:31:57.683Z
food packaging intact
A torn plastic food wrapper.
A food packaging integrity quality in which the packaging has been disturbed or is not in the original form.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T17:51:46Z
food packaging compromised
A torn plastic food wrapper removed by consumer.
A food packaging integrity quality which is compromised and has been opened by the consumer.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T21:52:41Z
food packaging opened by consumer
A food product which does not have any packaging or where packaging is removed.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T22:01:37Z
unpackaged or non-packaged food
A food packaging type which is intended for the consumer to remove or open to access food material.
https://inspection.canada.ca/food-labels/labelling/prepackaged-and-consumer-prepackaged/eng/1525441423474/1525441423693
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T22:22:19Z
This packaging type can be obtained by a consumer, without being re-packaged.
consumer-ready food packaging
A food packaging type which is used in bulk food packaging and is removed prior to retail distribution.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-06T22:27:35Z
wholesale food bulk packaging
A food product which lacks packaging.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-07T02:46:06Z
unpackaged food
A food product which lacks packaging and is not intended to be packaged.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
2022-06-07T03:22:22Z
non-packaged food
ready for release
A label claim that no natural or synthetic hormones were added during the production of a food product.
2022-10-17T18:32:48Z
hormone-free food product claim
ready for release
A label claim that no natural or synthetic antibiotics were added during the production of a food product.
2022-10-17T18:50:02Z
raised without antibiotics
antibiotic-free food product claim
ready for release
A label claim that the animals which the food product derives from, were not raised in caged housing systems.
2022-10-17T18:53:45Z
free range
cage-free animal claim
ready for release
A label claim that the animals which the food product derives from, were raised for some portion of their lives on or with access to a pasture.
2022-10-17T19:09:30Z
pasture-raised food product claim
ready for release
A label claim that the animals which the food product derives from, were fed a grass or forage-based diet.
2022-10-17T19:12:04Z
grass-fed food product claim
ready for release
A domestic or cultivated food production in which plant or animal from which the food product derives was raised on a farm.
2022-10-17T19:40:59Z
farm-raised food product claim
A food product which has some aesthetic flaws or marks but is edible.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329321000069
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/blemishes
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
2022-10-20T17:11:49.301Z
suboptimal food
food (blemished)
A plant based dessert which is typically made from flour, semolina, or finely ground seeds or nuts inthe form of a thick paste and sweetened with sugar or honey.
2022-10-17T19:45:40Z
halva
halwa
Miansari66, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9135
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
label claim
requires discussion
An avian animal which is any of a number of species of wild birds which are hunted, killed and eaten by humans.
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_bird#:~:text=A%20game%20bird%20is%20any,so%20there%20are%20gun%20laws.
2022-11-03T01:40:18.746Z
game bird
africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM
north america
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QT
south america
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QV
antarctica
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AQ
australia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AU
europe
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QR
asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN
new zealand
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NZ
africa, southern
southern africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM04
africa, western
west africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM05
africa, northern
north africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM03
africa, eastern
east africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM02
turkey
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TR
asia, southeast
southeast asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN03
sudan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SD
tunisia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TN
algeria
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DZ
western sahara
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: EH
morocco
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MA
libya
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LY
ethiopia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ET
djibouti
afars issas
french terrritory of the afars and issas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DJ
mauritania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MR
mali
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ML
niger
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NE
chad
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TD
africa, central
central africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QM01
iceland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IS
benin
dahomey
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BJ
burkina faso
upper volta
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BF
cote d'ivoire
ivory coast
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CI
gambia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GM
ghana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GH
guinea
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GN
guinea-bissau
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GW
liberia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LR
nigeria
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NG
senegal
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SN
sierra leone
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SL
togo
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TG
zaire
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ZR
rwanda
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: RW
congo
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CG
central african republic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CF
burundi
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BI
equatorial guinea
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GQ
gabon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GA
cameroon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CM
south africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ZA
angola
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AO
namibia
south-west africa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NA
botswana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BW
lesotho
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LS
swaziland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SZ
mozambique
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MZ
kenya
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KE
uganda
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: UG
tanzania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TZ
somalia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SO
madagascar
malagasy republic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MG
zimbabwe
rhodesia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ZW
zambia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ZM
cape verde
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CV
barbados
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BB
bermuda
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BM
falkland islands
islas malvinas
malvinas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FK
bouvet island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BV
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GL
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03520521
united states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US
california
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US06
asia, central
central asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN01
middle east
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN06
asia, southern
southern asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN04
jordan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: JO
syria
syrian arab republic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SY
israel
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IL
lebanon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LB
bolivia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BO
new york
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US36
oregon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US41
french guiana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GF
arizona
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US04
maryland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US24
north carolina
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US37
alaska
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US02
guyana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GY
south carolina
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US45
rhode island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US44
wyoming
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US56
massachusetts
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US25
minnesota
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US27
pennsylvania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US42
oklahoma
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US40
washington
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US53
new jersey
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US34
canada
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA
newfoundland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA05
british columbia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA02
ontario
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA08
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA11
nova scotia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA07
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA01
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA05
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA10
new brunswick
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA04
manitoba
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA03
prince edward island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CA09
texas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US48
wisconsin
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US55
connecticut
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US09
maine
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US23
montana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US30
georgia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US13
denmark
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DK
united kingdom
great britain
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GB
scotland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GB02
wales
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GB03
england
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GB01
german federal republic
federal republic of germany
germany
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DE
italy
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IT
norway
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NO
croatia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HR
russia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: RU
ukraine
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: UA
sweden
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SE
bahamas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BS
japan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: JP
korea, democratic people's republic of
democratic people's republic of korea
korea, north
north korea
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KP
korea, republic of
korea, south
republic of korea
south korea
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KR
chile
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CL
brazil
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BR
india
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IN
china, peoples republic of
peoples republic of china
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CN
asia, northeast
northeast asia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QN02
mexico
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MX
delaware
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US10
florida
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US12
central america
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QP
panama
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PA
honduras
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HN
costa rica
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CR
cocos islands
keeling islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CC
ecuador
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: EC
french polynesia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PF
argentina
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AR
colombia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CO
uruguay
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: UY
venezuela
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VE
peru
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PE
paraguay
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PY
belize
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BZ
el salvador
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SV
guatemala
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GT
finland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FI
belgium
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BE
poland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PL
switzerland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CH
austria
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AT
ireland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IE
greece
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GR
netherlands
holland
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NL
luxembourg
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LU
andorra
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AD
bulgaria
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BG
romania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: RO
hungary
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HU
albania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AL
czech republic
slovenia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SI
slovakia
serbia
latvia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LV
estonia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: EE
lithuania
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LT
nicaragua
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NI
western states
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US66
san marino
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SM
vatican city
holy see
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VA
illinois
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US17
michigan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US26
virginia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US51
district of columbia
washington, d.c.
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US11
macau
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MO
hong kong
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HK
guam
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GU
indonesia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID
bali
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID02
thailand
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TH
bangladesh
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BD
viet nam
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VN
cuba
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CU
trinidad and tobago
tobago
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TT
jamaica
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: JM
monaco
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MC
liechtenstein
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LI
moldova
moldavia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MD
brunei darussalam
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BN
malaysia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MY
bhutan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BT
papua new guinea
new guinea
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PG
singapore
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SG
suriname
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SR
egypt
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: EG
spain
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ES
hawaii
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US15
france
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FR
st. pierre and miquelon
miquelon
saint pierre and miquelon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PM
reunion island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: RE
dominican republic
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DO
haiti
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HT
turks and caicos islands
caicos islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TC
2020-04-29T13:42:53Z
samoa, american
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AS
American Samoa
northern mariana islands
marianas islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MP
virgin islands (u.s.)
u.s. virgin islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VI
virgin islands (british)
british virgin islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VG
british indian ocean territory
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IO
cayman islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KY
gibraltar
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GI
montserrat
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MS
cyprus
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CY
netherlands antilles
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AN
aruba
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AW
armenia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AM
portugal
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PT
nepal
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NP
tennessee
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US47
utah
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US49
west virginia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US54
ohio
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US39
new mexico
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US35
new hampshire
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US33
vermont
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US50
mississippi
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US28
missouri
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US29
louisiana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US22
kansas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US20
iowa
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US19
indiana
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US18
kentucky
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US21
arkansas
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US05
north dakota
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US38
south dakota
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US46
nevada
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US32
iran
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IR
iraq
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: IQ
philippines
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PH
sri lanka
ceylon
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LK
azerbaijan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AZ
georgia (country)
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GG
uzbekistan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: UZ
kazakhstan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KZ
turkmenistan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TM
nebraska
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US31
new caledonia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NC
pakistan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PK
solomon islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SB
saudi arabia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SA
bahrain
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BH
united arab emirates
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AE
oman
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: OM
yemen arab republic
sanaa
yemen
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: YE
kuwait
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KW
qatar
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QA
tahiti
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PF01
china, republic of
formosa
republic of china
taiwan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TW
malta
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MT
comoros islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KM
mauritius
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MU
micronesia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FM
norfolk island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NF
christmas island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CX
colorado
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US08
idaho
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US16
alabama
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: US01
afghanistan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AF
antigua and barbuda
barbuda
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AG
belarus
byelorussia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BY
bosnia and herzegovina
herzegovina
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: BA
kampuchea
cambodia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KH
laos
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LA
dominica
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: DM
fiji
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FJ
kyrgyzstan
kirghizia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KG
kiribati
gilbert islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KI
macedonia
LanguaL curation note: Use for the the Republic of Macedonia.
myanmar
burma
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MM
nauru
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NR
niue
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: NU
palau
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PW
saint kitts and nevis
nevis island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: KN
saint lucia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: LC
western samoa
samoa, western
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: WS
tadjikistan
tadzhikistan
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TJ
east timor
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TP
tonga
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TO
vanuatu
new hebrides
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VU
seychelles
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SC
maldives
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MV
sao tome and principe
principe
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ST
puerto rico
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PR
united states minor outlying islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: UM
marshall islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MH
pitcairn island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: PN
wallis and futuna islands
futuna islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: WF
mongolia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MN
anguilla
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: AI
gaza strip
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GZ
tuvalu
ellice islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TV
heard and mcdonald islands
mcdonald islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: HM
kosovo
LanguaL curation note: Use for the Republic of Kosovo
svalbard and jan mayen islands
jan mayen island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SJ
java
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID07
sumatra
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID24
sulawesi
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID21
borneo
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID13
yugoslavia
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: YU
cook islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: CK
malawi
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MW
faroe islands
faeroe islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: FO
guadeloupe
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GP
martinique
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: MQ
st. helena
saint helena island
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: SH
tokelau
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: TK
caribbean islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: QO01
saint vincent and the grenadines
grenadine islands
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: VC
grenada
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: GD
irian jaya
LanguaL curation note: US FDA 1995 Code: ID09
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.
response to yeast
The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.
behavior
Behavior associated with the intake of food.
feeding behavior
A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
A biological process represents a specific objective that the organism is genetically programmed to achieve. Biological processes are often described by their outcome or ending state, e.g., the biological process of cell division results in the creation of two daughter cells (a divided cell) from a single parent cell. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence.
biological_process
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
response to external stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
response to biotic stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
response to fungus
Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
multicellular organismal process
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.
eating behavior
The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.
drinking behavior
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
response to external biotic stimulus
Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species.
biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism.
response to stimulus
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
response to other organism
Population category defined using ancestry informative markers (AIMs) based on genetic/genomic data
ancestry category
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as
European, Caucasian, White or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Dutch). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CEU, FIN, GBR, IBS and TSI populations.
European
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as South Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Asian Indian). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap
BEB, GIH, ITU, PJL and STU populations.
South Asian
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as South East Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Vietnamese). This category also includes includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes KHV population. We note that East Asian and South East Asian populations are often conflated. However, recent studies indicate a unique genetic background for South East Asian populations.
South East Asian
Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described as Asian but there was not sufficient information to allow classification as East Asian, Central Asian, South Asian or South-East Asian.
Asian
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as East Asian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g Chinese). This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CDX, CHB, CHS and JPT populations.
East Asian
Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described as African, but there was not sufficient information to allow classification as African American, AfroCaribbean or Sub-Saharan African.
African
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as SubSaharan African or one of the subpopulations from this region (e.g. Yoruban).
This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap ESN, LWK, GWD, MSL, MKK and YRI populations.
Sub-Saharan African
Includes indigenous individuals of North, Central and South America, descended from the original human migration into the Americas from Siberia. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap.
Native American
Includes individuals who either self-report or are described by authors as Hispanic, Latino, Latin American or one of the sub-populations
from this region. This category includes individuals with known admixture of primarily European, African and Native American ancestries, though some may have also a degree of Asian (e.g. Peru). We also note that the levels of admixture vary depending on the country, with Caribbean countries carrying higher levels of African admixture when compared to South American countries, for example. This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap CLM, MXL, PEL and PUR populations
Hispanic or Latin American
Includes individuals who self-report or were described by authors as Middle Eastern, North African, Persian or one of the subpopulations from this region (e.g. Saudi Arabian). We note there is heterogeneity in this category with different degrees of admixture as well as levels of genetic isolation. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap.
Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern or North African or Persian)
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as African American or Afro-Caribbean. This category also includes individuals who genetically cluster with reference populations from this region, for example 1000 Genomes and/or HapMap ACB or ASW populations. We note that there is likely to be significant admixture with European ancestry populations.
African American or Afro-Caribbean
Includes individuals that either self-report or have been described by authors as Oceanian or one of the sub-populations from this region (e.g. Native Hawaiian). We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this category and efforts are required to fill this gap.
Oceanian
A population for which specific ancestry information is known but that does not fall into any of the defined ancestry categories
uncategorised population
Japanese
Taiwanese
Chinese
Korean
Mongolian
Macanese
Singaporean Chinese
Hong Kong Chinese
Han Chinese
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Central Asian. We note that there does not appear to be a suitable reference population for this population and efforts are required to fill this gap.
Central Asian
A population with increased genetic homogeneity and reduced genetic variation due to cultural or geographic isolation
genetically isolated population
Italian
Sardinian
Val Borbera
Friuli Venezia Giulia
Carlantino
Old Order Amish
Sorbian
Hutterite
Amish
Erasmus Rucphen
Orcadian
Korculan
Dutch
Finnish
Finnish founder
Dutch founder
Ashkenazi Jew
Sudanese
Sahrawi
Anguillan
Antiguan or Barbudan
Barbadian
Haitian
Jamaican
Tajikistani
Turkmen
Uzbekistani
Afghan
Kazakhstani
Kyrgyzstani
Albanian
Andorran
Australian
Austrian
Belarusian
Belgian
Bermudian
Bosnian or Herzegovinian
Brazilian
Bulgarian
Canadian
Channel Islander
Chilean
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Estonian
Faroese
Falkland Islander
French
German
Gibraltarian
Greek
Greenlander
Hungarian
Icelandic
Manx
Latvian
Liechtensteiner
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish
Maltese
Monegasque
Montenegrin
New Zealandish
Norfolk Islander
Norwegian
Polish
Portugese
Irish
Moldovan
Romanian
Russian
Saint-Pierrais or Miquelonnais
Sammarinese
Serb
Slovak
Slovene
Spanish
Swedish
Swiss
Macedonian
Ukrainian
Argentine
Bahamian
Belizean
Bolivian
British Virgin Islander
Caymanian
Colombian
Costa Rican
Cuban
Dominican
Ecuadorian
Salvadoran
French Guianese
Grenadian
Guatemalan
Guyanese
Honduran
Martinican
Mexican
Montserratian
Nicaraguan
Panamanian
Paraguayan
Peruvian
Puerto Rican
Kittitian or Nevisian
Saint Lucian
Saint Vincentian
Surinamese
Trinidadian or Tobagonian
Turks and Caicos Islander
Virgin Islander
Uruguayan
Venezuelan
Algerian
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Bahraini
Cypriote
Egyptian
Georgian
Iranian
Iraqi
Israeli
Jordanian
Kuwaiti
Lebanese
Libyan
Moroccan
Palestinian
Omani
Qatari
Saudi
Tunisian
Turkish
Emirati
Yemeni
Aruban
Christmas Islander
Cocos Islander
Curacaoan
Kosovar
Northern Mariana Islander
South Sudanese
Syrian
British
American
American Samoan
Cook Islander
Fijian
French Polynesian
Guamanian
I-Kiribati
Marshallese
Micronesian
Nauruan
New Caledonian
Niuean
Palauan
Papua New Guinean
Pitcairn Islander
Samoan
Solomon Islander
Tokelauan
Tongan
Tuvaluan
Ni-Vanuato
Wallis and Futuna Islander
Bangladeshi
Bhutanese
Indian
Maldivian
Nepalese
Pakistani
Sri Lankan
Bruneian
Cambodian
Indonesian
Lao
Malaysian
Burmese
Filipino
Thai
Timorese
Vietnamese
Cameroonian
Cape Verdean
Chadian
Ethiopian
Kenyan
Liberian
Malagasy
Mauritanian
Mauritian
Mahoran
Namibian
Sao Tomean
Senegalese
Seychellois
Sierra Leonean
Somali
South African
St. Helenian
Ugandan
Angolan
Beninese
Motswana
Burkinabe
Burundian
Central African
Comoran
Congolese
Ivoirian
Djiboutian
Equatorial Guinean
Eritrean
Gabonese
Gambian
Ghanaian
Guinean
Bissau-Guinean
Mosotho
Malawian
Malian
Mozambican
Nigerien
Nigerian
Rwandan
Swazi
Togolese
Tanzanian
Zambian
Zimbabweian
genetically homogenous Irish
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Australian Aboriginal. These are expected to be descendents of early human migration into Australia from Eastern Asia and can be distinguished from other Asian populations by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation.
Aboriginal Australian
Silk Road founder
Arab Israeli founder
Cilento
Costa Rican founder
French Canadian founder
Italian founder
Northern Finnish founder
Romanian founder
South Tyrolean
Vis founder
Split founder
Population for which insufficient information is available to allocate it to a specific ancestral group or which contain individuals from a range of known ancestry categories, eg American
undefined ancestry population
Afro-Caribbean
African American
Talana
Pima Indian
Plains American Indian
Kosraen
Native Hawaiian
Pacific Islander
Yoruban
West African
Dai Chinese
Hui Chinese
Jingpo Chinese
Malaysian Chinese
Uygur Chinese
Tibetan
Taiwanese Han
Sri Lankan Sinhalese
Tatar
Bashkir
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Aboriginal Australian of Martu ancestry. The Martu Australian Aboriginal people are from the Western Desert region located across the Pilbara in Western Australia
Mardu Aboriginal Australian
Mardu Australian Aboriginal
Martu Aboriginal Australian
PMID:27070114
Martu Australian Aboriginal
Jewish Israeli
Punjabi Sikh
European American
The Esan people are one of the major ethnic groups in Edo State, Nigeria who speak the Esan language. (PMID:10146569) Samples from this population were studied as part of the full 1000 Genomes project (https://www.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/1000-Genomes-Collections/Esan-in-Nigeria-ESN)
Esan
The Luhya are the second-largest ethnic group in Kenya and are comprised of subgroups that speak a common Bantu language. (PMID: 27813082) The Luhya ancestry group was assembled as part of phase III of the HapMap project and used in a number of rare variant density studies (PMID:22373165, PMID:26673965)
Luhya
The Maasai are an indigenous African ethnic group of semi-nomadic people located in northern Tanzania and Kenya. (PMID:29868928) The Maasai ancestry group was assembled as part of phase III of the HapMap project and used as reference in a range of population genetic studies (PMID:28049708).
Maasai
The Mende people are one of the largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone who speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. (PMID:15761855) Samples from this population were studied as part of the full 1000 Genomes project (https://www.coriell.org/1/NHGRI/Collections/1000-Genomes-Collections/Mende-in-Sierra-Leone-MSL)
Mende
Native people residing in the Arctic of Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland, or eastern Siberia
PMID:25884279
PMID:29220501
Inuit
Includes individuals with ethnic origins in the Semitic people populating the Arabian Peninsula and other countries in the Middle East and Northern Africa
PMID:27393651
PMID:28106113
Arab
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Singaporean Malay.
PMID:19700652
PMID:31626772
Singaporean Malay
Includes individuals who either self-report or have been described by authors as Singaporean Indian.
PMID:19700652
PMID:31626772
Singaporean Indian
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
goal specification
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
OBI_0000217
objective specification
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
action specification
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
data
data item
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
based on Oxford English Dictionary
symbol
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
OBI_0000142
information content entity
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
scalar measurement datum
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
directive information entity
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
OBI_0000266
curation status specification
A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets.
OBI_0000042
group:OBI
data set
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
data about an ontology part
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
plan specification
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
OBI_0000305
group:OBI
measurement datum
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
text
textual entity
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of length quality
length measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measurement of mass quality
mass measurement datum
A scalar measurement datum that is the result of measuring a temporal interval
time measurement datum
A symbol that is part of a CRID and that is sufficient to look up a record from the CRID's registry.
CRID symbol
Original proposal from Bjoern, discussions at IAO calls
centrally registered identifier symbol
A container in which fermentation takes place.
fermenter
*Pimpinella major*, common name greater burnet-saxifrage or hollowstem burnet saxifrage, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the genus Pimpinella belonging to the carrot family (*Apiaceae*). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_major]
greater burnet-saxifrage plant
PLANTS:PIMA6
Pimpinella major (L.) Huds.
hollowstem burnet saxifrage
pimpinella major
Pimpinella major
Lithodes murrayi
barred surfperch
Amphistichus argenteus
Embiotoca
black perch
Embiotoca jacksoni
walleye surfperch
Hyperprosopon argenteum
rubberlip seaperch
Rhacochilus toxotes
Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus
Ximeniaceae
deepwater longtail red snapper
Etelis coruscans
yellowtail blue snapper
Paracaesio xanthura
rubyfish
Plagiogeneion rubiginosum
kanadi kingfish
CEC1993:986
Kanadi kingfish
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir 1966
Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966
scomberomorus plurilineatus
Scomberomorus plurilineatus
Sicyoeae
Benincaseae
blackmouth croaker
Atrobucca nibe
atlantic mud shrimp
CEC1993:1245
Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1816)
Solenocera membranacea Risso, 1816
solenocera membranacea
Solenocera membranacea
muskrat
MSW3:13000330
muskrat
Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766
ondatra zibethicus
Ondatra zibethicus
Muridae
Hericium coralloides
Pecten jacobaeus
Aequipecten
queen scallop
CEC 1993:1342
Aequipecten opercularis (Linnaeus 1758)
Chlamys opercularis
Chlamys opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten opercularis
chlamys opercularis
Aequipecten opercularis
greater cardamom
hill cardamom
Amomum subulatum
Delagoa threadfin bream
Nemipterus bipunctatus
Mus
mice
mouse
Mus <genus>
house mouse
mouse
Mus musculus
Chilean sea bass
Patagonian toothfish
Dissostichus eleginoides
Guinea baboon
Papio papio sensu Groves
baboon
Papio papio
chilean strawberry plant
PLANTS:FRCH
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill.
Fragaria chiloensis (L.) P. Mill.
Fragaria chiloënsis (L.) Mill.
beach strawberry
chiloe strawberry
fragaria chiloensis
Fragaria chiloensis
virginia strawberry plant
MANSFELD:8610
PLANTS:FRVI
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne
Fragaria virginiana Mill.
fragaria virginiana
scarlet strawberry
wild strawberry
Fragaria virginiana
Digitaria exilis, referred to as findi or fundi in areas of Africa, such as The Gambia, with English common names white fonio, fonio millet, and hungry rice or acha rice, is a grass species.
fonio plant
MANSFELD:35320
PLANTS:DIEX4
Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf
hungry rice
white fonio
Digitaria exilis
Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips
oriental sweetlips
Plectorhinchus vittatus
Panama grunt
Rhencus panamensis
southeast pacific grunt
CEC1993:698
Cabinza grunt
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier, 1830)
Isacia conceptionis (Valenciennes, 1830)
isacia conceptionis
Isacia conceptionis
leopard toadfish
Opsanus pardus
coypu
nutria
Myocastor coypus
humantin
CEC1993:70
angular rough shark
angular roughshark
Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angular rough shark
centrina shark
oxynotus centrina
prickly dogfish
Oxynotus centrina
Castor
*Prunus mume* is an Asian tree species classified in the *Armeniaca* section of the genus *Prunus* subgenus *Prunus*. Its common names include Chinese plum and Japanese apricot. Although generally referred to as a plum in English, it is more closely related to the apricot. In Chinese, Japanese and Korean cooking, the fruit of the tree is used in juices, as a flavouring for alcohol, as a pickle and in sauces. It is also used in traditional medicine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_mume]
japanese apricot plant
PLANTS:PRMU5
Japanese apricot
ume
Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.
chinese plum
prunus mume
Prunus mume
The winter melon, also called ash gourd, white gourd, wax gourd, winter gourd, tallow gourd, ash pumpkin, and Chinese preserving melon is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature. It is the only member of the genus *Benincasa*. The fruit is fuzzy when young. The immature melon has thick white flesh that is sweet when eaten. By maturity, the fruit loses its hairs and develops a waxy coating, giving rise to the name wax gourd, and providing a long shelf life.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_melon]
fuzzy melon plant
PLANTS:BEHI3
ash gourd
wax gourd
winter melon
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.
benincasa hispida var.
chinese vegetable marrow
hairy melon
mogwa
tallow gourd
waxgourd
winter melon
Benincasa hispida
Pteriidae
*Pinctada margaritifera*, commonly known as the black-lip pearl oyster, is a species of pearl oyster, a saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Pteriidae. This species is common in the Indo-Pacific within tropical coral reefs.
blacklip pearl oyster
pinctada margaritifera
Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pinctada margaritifera Linnaeus, 1758
black-lip oyster
Pinctada margaritifera
Spondylus
Tonna galea
Asteroideae
Astereae
Anthemideae
Senecioneae
Heliantheae
Cardueae
Glycymeris pilosa
curled octopus
CEC:1416
curled octopus
horned octopus
Eledone cirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone cirrosa (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone cirrhosa
eledone cirrosa
horned octopus
Eledone cirrhosa
isada krill
North Pacific krill
Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911
euphausia pacifica
Euphausia pacifica
Mulinia edulis
Clarias anguillaris
Heterobranchus longifilis
fox grape
muscadine
Vitis rotundifolia
*Vitis amurensis*, the Amur grape, is a species of grape native to the Asian continent. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_amurensis]
Amur grape plant
PLANTS:VIAM4
Amur grape plant
Vitis amurensis Rupr.
vitis amurensis
Vitis amurensis
Concord grape
Vitis labrusca
A large species of frog found in mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal.
indian bullfrog
Asean bullfrog
Asia bullfrog
Asian bullfrog
Indus Valley bullfrog
Indus valley bullfrog
tiger frog
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802)
Rana tigrina Daudin 1802
Rana tigrina Daudin, 1802
asiatic bullfrog
hoplobatrachus
rana tigrina
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
bronze featherback
Notopterus notopterus
japanese chestnut tree
MANSFELD:17788
PLANTS:CACR27
Japanese chestnut
kuri
Castanea crenata Sieb. & Zucc.
Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.
castanea crenata
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *JAPANESE CHESTNUT [B2417]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Castanea crenata
northern wild rice plant
PLANTS:ZIPA3
Zizania palustris L.
Zizania palustris
Mycteroperca
gag
Mycteroperca microlepis
Atherinopsinae
Cantharellus aurora
Cantharellus lutescens
Alaska pollock
Norwegian pollock
walleye pollock
Gadus chalcogrammus
Mytilus edulis X Mytilus galloprovincialis
grooved carpet-shell clam
Ruditapes decussatus
Venerupis
dark-margined flagtail
red-tailed jungle perch
spotted flagtail
Kuhlia marginata
calico surfperch
Amphistichus koelzi
Amusium papyraceum
Pecten fumatus
Panopea generosa
Lactuca sativa var. capitata
Lactuca sativa var. angustana
Doryteuthis
Doryteuthis gahi
Doryteuthis opalescens
long-fin squid
CEC1993:1406
longfin inshore squid
Loligo pealei Lesueur, 1821
Loligo pealeii
Loligo pealeii Lesueur 1821
Loligo pealeii Lesueur, 1821
loligo pealei
longfin inshore squid
Doryteuthis pealeii
arrow squid
Loligo plei
Loligo plei Blainville, 1823
loligo plei
slender inshore squid
Doryteuthis pleii
cardamom
cardamon
Elettaria cardamomum
Cyperus esculentus (also called chufa sedge, nut grass, yellow nutsedge, tiger nut sedge, or earth almond) is a crop of the sedge family widespread across much of the world.
yellow nutsedge plant
2019-11-22T16:43:57Z
MANSFELD:20613
PLANTS:CYES
choufa plant
chufa plant
cyperus esculentus
earth almond plant
nutgrass plant
purple nutsedge plant
rush nut plant
tiger nut plant
tigernut plant
zulu nut plant
Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus esculentus
Gari solida
The Nanking cherry (*Prunus tomentosa*) is a species of *Prunus* native to northern and western China. Other common names for *P. tomentosa* include Korean cherry, Manchu cherry, downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, mountain cherry, Chinese bush cherry, Chinese dwarf cherry. The fruit is edible, being an ingredient of juice, jam, and wine, and in pickled vegetables and mushrooms. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_tomentosa]
nanking cherry plant
PLANTS:PRTO80
downy cherry
mao ying tao
yusura-ume
Prunus tomentosa Thunb.
korean cherry
manchu cherry
prunus tomentosa
Prunus tomentosa
Tremella
Cynoglossus
lemon sole
CEC1993:1128
lemon sole
Microstomus kitt
Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792)
microstomus kitt
Microstomus kitt
Pectinoidea
Arcoidea
Mactroidea
Solenoidea
Pecten albicans
Farrer's scallop
Azumapecten farreri
Amusium
chinese crabapple plant
PLANTS:MABA
malus baccata
shan jing zi
Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.
malus baccata var. baccata
Malus baccata
Manchurian crabapple plant (Malus baccata) is an Asian species of apple native to much of northern Asia, but is also grown elsewhere as an ornamental tree and for rootstock. It is used for bonsai. It bears plentiful fragrant white flowers and edible red to yellow fruit of about 1 cm diameter.
manchurian crabapple plant
PLANTS:MAMA37
Chinese crab apple plant
Manchurian crab apple plant
Siberian crab
Siberian crab apple plant
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom.
Malus mandshurica (Maxim.) Kom. ex Skvortsov
malus baccata var. mandshurica
malus mandshurica
Malus mandshurica
Malus sieversii
goldbanded jobfish
Pristipomoides multidens
Zygochlamys delicatula
Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear, is a genus in the cactus family, Cactaceae.
2022-02-20T04:53:54Z
barbary fig
cholla
cholla cactus
nopal plant
opuntia spp.
prickly-pears
opuntia vulgaris
tuna (opuntia)
Opuntia
*Pterocarpus santalinus*, with the common names red sanders, red sandalwood, and saunderswood, is a species of *Pterocarpus* endemic to the southern Eastern Ghats mountain range of South India. The tree is not to be confused with the aromatic *Santalum* sandalwood trees that grow natively in South India. *Pterocarpus santalinus* is used in traditional herbal medicine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_santalinus]
red sandalwood plant
PLANTS:PTSA
Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.
Pterocarpus santalinus L. fil.
pterocarpus santalinus
Pterocarpus santalinus
Holothuria poli
red bream
CEC1993:512
alfonsino
Beryx decadactylus
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Beryx decadactylus Cuvier, 1829
alfonsino
beryx decadactylus
Beryx decadactylus
Lepidopus
silver scabbardfish
CEC1993:946
silver scabbardfish
Lepidopus caudatus
Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788)
lepidopus caudatus
Lepidopus caudatus
sharpnose skate
CEC1993:96
Dipturus linteus (Fries, 1838)
Raja lintea Fries, 1838
Raja lintea Fries, 1839
dipturus lintea
raja lintea
sailray
rosette skate
Leucoraja garmani
smooth skate
Malacoraja senta
bullnose eagle ray
bullnose ray
Myliobatis freminvillei
Chaceon
big powan
peled
Coregonus peled (Gmelin, 1789)
coregonus peled
Coregonus peled
Plesionika martia
Gallinago
red kingklip
CEC1993:918
red cusk-eel
Genypterus chilensis
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot 1848)
Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
genypterus chilensis
kingklip, red
red cusk-eel
Genypterus chilensis
Acropomatidae
blackmouth bass
Synagrops bellus
Irish pollan
Coregonus pollan
*Galeopsis segetum*, commonly known as Downy Hemp-nettle, is a species of flowering plant in the sage family, *Lamiaceae*. It grows as a weed in arable ground throughout Europe. Although superficially resembling the Stinging nettle it is of a different family and does not sting. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeopsis_segetum]
downy hemp-nettle plant
PLANTS:GASE8
Galeopsis segetum Neck.
galeopsis segetum
hempnettle
Galeopsis segetum
*Origanum syriacum*, syn. *Majorana syriaca*, bible hyssop, Biblical-hyssop, Lebanese oregano or Syrian oregano, is an aromatic perennial herb in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum_syriacum]
oregano, syrian (plant)
Origanum syriacum L.
lebanese oregano
origanum syriacum
syrian oregano
Origanum syriacum
Eriphiidae
bridled grouper
Epinephelus heniochus
Cupuaçu (*Theobroma grandiflorum*), also spelled cupuassu, cupuazú, and copoasu, is a tropical rainforest tree related to cacao. Common throughout the Amazon basin, it is widely cultivated in the jungles of Colombia, Bolivia and Peru and in the north of Brazil, with the largest production in Pará, followed by Amazonas, Rondônia and Acre.
cupuaçu plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cupuacu
The white pulp of the cupuaçu is uniquely fragrant (described as a mix of chocolate and pineapple), and it contains theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) instead of the xanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) found in cacao.[1] It is frequently used in desserts, juices and sweets. The juice tastes primarily like a pear, with a hint of banana.
PLANTS:THGR7
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Sprengel) Schumann
theobroma grandiflorum
Theobroma grandiflorum
barndoor skate
Dipturus laevis
*Chaerophyllum bulbosum* is a species of flowering plant from the carrot family and known by several common names, including turnip-rooted chervil, tuberous-rooted chervil, bulbous chervil, and parsnip chervil. It is native to Europe and Western Asia. It was a popular vegetable in the 19th century. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaerophyllum_bulbosum]
bulbous chervil plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CHBU5
Chaerophyllum bulbosum L.
chaerophyllum bulbosum
turnip-rooted chervil
Chaerophyllum bulbosum
Pachyrhizus
*Pachyrhizus erosus*, commonly known as Jícama, Yam, and Mexican Turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is one species in the genus Pachyrhizus. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas.
jicama plant
WIKIPEDIA:Jicama
PLANTS:PAER3
jicama
potato-bean
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban
mexican yam bean
pachyrhizus erosus
yam bean
Pachyrhizus erosus
donkeys ear abalone
Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis asinina
Haliotis asinina
mammal environmental sample
arawana
silver arawana
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum
Ambloplites
rock bass
CEC1993:592
Ambloplites rupestris
Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque, 1817)
ambloplites rupestris
Ambloplites rupestris
Brassica oleracea var. oleracea
kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
Kajikia
Indian ilisha
bigeye ilisha
jeweled shad
Ilisha megaloptera
southern shortfin squid
Illex coindetii
Illex coindetii (Verany, 1839)
broadtail shortfin squid
illex coindetii
Illex coindetii
lesser flying squid
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball 1841)
Todaropsis eblanae (Ball, 1841)
todaropsis eblanae
Todaropsis eblanae
Apolemichthys
Bermuda sea chub
Kyphosus sectatrix
midnight snapper
Macolor macularis
Hoplobatrachus
Chinese bullfrog
Chinese tiger frog
I-san field frog
Taiwanese frog
common lowland frog
rugose frog
Hoplobatrachus rugulosus
chinese waterchestnut plant
BASIS:126
MANSFELD:20690
Chinese water-chestnut
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Hensch.
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trinius ex Henschel
Eleocharis dulcis (Burman f.) Trin. ex Henschel
chinese water chestnut
eleocharis dulcis
ground-chestnut
ma-tai water chestnut
matting reed
waternut
Eleocharis dulcis
Scyllarides brasiliensis
Scyllarides squammosus
green rock lobster
CEC1993:1250
Jasus verreauxi
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1851)
Jasus verreauxi (Milne Edwards, 1851)
jasus verreauxi
black persimmon plant
PLANTS:DIDI15
black persimmon
Diospyros digyna Jacq.
black sapote
diospyros digyna
Diospyros digyna
*Eragrostis tef*, known as Xaafii, (Oromiffa), teff, taf, is an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to the northern Ethiopian Highlands of Northeast Africa.
teff plant
PLANTS:ERTE
tef
teff
Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter
eragrostis tef
Eragrostis tef
juan fernandez rock lobster
CEC1993:1247
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus frontalis (Milne Edwards, 1837)
jasus frontalis
Jasus frontalis
st.paul rock lobster
Jasus paulensis
Jasus paulensis (Heller, 1862)
jasus paulensis
Jasus paulensis
tristan rock lobster
CEC1993:1249
Jasus tristani Holthuis, 1963
jasus tristani
Jasus tristani
Polygonoideae
Rumiceae
shortbarbel pangasius
shortbarbel pangasius
Pangasius micronemus
Pangasius micronemus Bleeker, 1847
pangasius micronemus
Pseudolais micronemus
Melophorus
kanda
kanda
Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1858-59)
mugil kandavensis
valamugil engeli
Moolgarda engeli
acute-jawed mullet
brown mullet
Neomyxus leuciscus
Amur sturgeon
Acipenser schrenckii
Penaeoidea
Sergestidae
Reinhardtius
greenland halibut
CEC1993:1135
Greenland flounder
Greenland halibut
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)
black halibut
greenland turbot
halibut, greenland
reinhardtius hippoglossoides
turbot, greenland
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
common ground dove
common ground-dove
Columbina passerina (Linnaeus, 1758)
columbina passerina
Columbina passerina
San Antonio Huista teosinte
teosinte
Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis
Cucumis melo var. flexuosus
Chitala
clown knifefish
Chitala chitala
smooth-hound
CEC1993:52
common smoothhound
smooth-hound
Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus, 1758)
mustelus mustelus
smooth hound
Mustelus mustelus
starry smooth-hound
CEC1993:51
starry smooth-hound
Mustelus asterias Cloquet, 1821
mustelus asterias
stellate smooth-hound
Mustelus asterias
Munididae
Grimothea
Macrocheira kaempferi
2020-11-16T16:45:31Z
domesticated barley
hordeum distichum
hordeum vulgare l. convar. distichon
two-rowed barley
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Selenicereus costaricensis
Polyprionidae
Polyprion
wreckfish
CEC1993:577
wreckfish
Polyprion americanus
Polyprion americanus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion americanus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion americanus
Polyprion americanus
Flacourtia
*Pangium edule* (Indonesian: keluak or keluwak;Malay: kepayang) is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea). It produces a large poisonous fruit (the "football fruit") which can be made edible by fermentation. In Singapore and Malaysia, the seeds are best known as an essential ingredient in ayam (chicken) or babi (pork) buah keluak, a mainstay of Peranakan cuisine. Alternatively, the kernels may be ground up to form a thick black gravy called rawan (or rawon in parts of Indonesia).
WIKIPEDIA:Pangium_edule
PLANTS:PAED4
Pangium edule Reinw.
Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume
rowal
Pangium edule
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
wolfberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
PLANTS:LYBA4
Duke of Argyll's teatree
goji berry
matrimony vine
ning xia gou qi
wolfberry
Lycium barbarum L.
chinese boxthorn
common matrimonyvine
gojiberry
lycium barbarum
lycium halimifolium
Lycium barbarum
Wolfberry, commercially called goji berry, is the common name for the fruit of two very closely related species: *Lycium barbarum* and *Lycium chinense*, two species of boxthorn in the family *Solanaceae* (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). It is native to southeastern Europe and Asia.
chinese box thorn plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lycium_chinense
CCPR:
PLANTS:LYCH
Chinese boxthorn
Chinese wolfberry
gou qi
kuko
Lycium chinense Mill.
Lycium chinense P. Mill.
chinese boxthorn
chinese desert-thorn
chinese wolfberry
lycium chinense
Lycium chinense
Saxidomus nuttalli
Tresus nuttallii
Mactra alta
*Capsicum pubescens* is a species of the genus Capsicum (pepper), known in Peru as rocoto [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_pubescens]
rocoto capsicum plant
PLANTS:CAPU38
C pubescens
apple chile
apple chile
capsicum pubescens
chamburoto
chile caballo
horse chili
manzano
rocoto
Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.
Capsicum pubescens
*Echium plantagineum*, commonly known as purple viper's-bugloss or Paterson's curse, is
poisonous to grazing livestock, especially those with simple digestive systems, like horses. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echium_plantagineum]
salvation jane plant
PLANTS:ECPL
Echium plantagineum L.
echium plantagineum
purple viper's-bugloss
Echium plantagineum
Asian arowana
Asian bonytongue
golden arowana
golden dragon fish
Scleropages formosus
A species of arapaima native to the basin of the Amazon River. Once believed to be the sole species in the genus, it is among the largest freshwater fish. The species is an obligate air-breather and needs to come to the surface regularly to gulp air.
arapaima
Arapaima gigas
arapaima
paiche
pirarucu
pirarucu
Arapaima gigas
Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)
Arapaima gigas
Tricholoma magnivelare
*Herniaria hirsuta* is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name hairy rupturewort. This plant is used in Morocco as an herbal remedy for kidney stones. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herniaria_hirsuta]
hairy rupturewort plant
PLANTS:HEHI7
Herniaria hirsuta L.
herniaria hirsuta
Herniaria hirsuta
atipa
brown hoplo
hassar
Hoplosternum littorale
PLANTS:CIEN
endive
escarole
Cichorium endivia L.
cichorium endivia
escarole
Cichorium endivia
*Scolymus hispanicus*, the common golden thistle or Spanish oyster thistle, is a flowering plant in the genus *Scolymus* in the family *Asteraceae*, native to southern and western Europe, north to northwestern France. Although it has been cultivated at times, currently most of the plant which is consumed comes from harvesting of wild plant. Very popular in almost every province of Spain, where it's usually eaten in stews during Spring time. It's also used in salads, soups and with scrambled eggs in Andalusia, Spain, where it is called "tagarnina". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolymus_hispanicus]
golden thistle plant
PLANTS:SCHI
Scolymus hispanicus L.
scolymus hispanicus
spanish oysterplant
Scolymus hispanicus
*Scorzonera hispanica*, black salsify or Spanish salsify, also known as black oyster plant, serpent root, viper's herb, viper's grass or simply scorzonera, is a perennial member of the genus Scorzonera in the sunflower family (*Asteraceae*), cultivated as a root vegetable in the same way as purple salsify (*Tragopogon porrifolius*), also in the sunflower family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera_hispanica]
Damion Dooley
black salsify plant
MANSFELD:32155
PLANTS:SCHI2
black oysterplant
black salsify
common viper's-grass
scorzonera hispanica
spanish salsify
Scorzonera hispanica L.
Pseudopodospermum hispanicum
Macrozamia
Hemibagrus spilopterus
orange rock cod
orange-red pigmy grouper
strawberry cod
strawberry grouper
strawberry hind
strawberry rockcod
Cephalopholis spiloparaea
longfin African conger
Conger cinereus
doublelined tonguesole
Paraplagusia bilineata
Mediterranean slimehead
Hoplostethus mediterraneus
Prunus cocomilia
*Prunus spinosa* (blackthorn, or sloe) is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia, and locally in northwest Africa. It is also locally naturalised in New Zealand and eastern North America.
The fruit is similar to a small damson or plum, suitable for preserves, but rather tart and astringent for eating, unless it is picked after the first few days of autumn frost. The juice is used in the manufacture of fake port wine, and used as an adulterant to impart roughness to genuine port. In rural Britain a liqueur is made by infusing gin with sloes and sugar. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_spinosa]
sloe plant
PLANTS:PRSP
blackthorn
Prunus spinosa L.
blackthorn
prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa
shipworms
Teredinidae
field crickets
house crickets
Gryllinae
Pharidae
Platynematichthys notatus
Key anchovy
Anchoa cayorum
moustched thryssa
Thryssa mystax
Pseudupeneus
west african goatfish
CEC1993:811
West African goatfish
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pseudupeneus prayensis (Cuvier, 1829)
pseudupeneus prayensis
Pseudupeneus prayensis
Upeneus
Arenga
bigmouth flounder
Hippoglossina stomata
bigtooth corvina
Isopisthus parvipinnis
yellow sea chub
Kyphosus incisor
The açaí palm (*Euterpe oleracea*) is a species of palm tree in the genus *Euterpe* cultivated for its fruit and hearts of palm. Global demand for the fruit has expanded rapidly in recent years, and açaí is now cultivated for that purpose primarily. *Euterpe edulis* (juçara) is a closely related species which is now the primary source of hearts of palm.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD_palm]
assai palm plant
PLANTS:EUOL2
Euterpe oleracea Mart.
açaí palm
euterpe oleracea
Euterpe oleracea
sand drum
Umbrina coroides
brazilian codling
CEC1993:468
Brazilian codling
Urophycis brasiliensis
Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858)
brazilian hake
urophycis brasiliensis
Urophycis brasiliensis
Paralonchurus
Hyphaene thebaica, with common names doum palm and gingerbread tree, is a type of palm tree with edible oval fruit. It is native to the Nile valley in Egypt and Sudan, and in riverine areas of northwestern Kenya.
doum palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hyphaene_thebaica
PLANTS:HYTH2
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) C. Martius
Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.
corypha thebaica
doom palm
egyptian doum
gingerbread palm
gingerbread tree
hyphaene dahomeensis
hyphaene guineensis
hyphaene thebaica
hyphaene togoensis
vegetable ivory palm
Hyphaene thebaica
Livistona
Palinuroidea
Galatheoidea
flowery flounder
Bothus mancus
black jack
black trevally
black ulua
Caranx lugubris
three-spot righteye flounder
Samariscus triocellatus
Herniaria
*Herniaria glabra*, known as smooth rupturewort, is a plant of the family *Caryophyllaceae*. Growing in North America and Europe. It contains herniarin, a methoxy analog of umbelliferone. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herniaria_glabra]
smooth rupturewort plant
PLANTS:HEGL8
Herniaria glabra L.
herniaria glabra
Herniaria glabra
*Solanum macrocarpon* otherwise known as the African eggplant or gboma is a plant of the *Solanaceae* family. *S. macrocarpon* is a tropical perennial plant that is closely related to the eggplant. The parts of the plant that is consumed are the fruits and its young leaves. While taste of both the leaves and the fruit are very bitter they have a high nutrient yield. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_macrocarpon]
african eggplant plant
PLANTS:SOMA7
African eggplant
Solanum macrocarpon L.
antroewa
gboma
solanum macrocarpon
Solanum macrocarpon
Colistium
New Zealand turbot
Colistium nudipinnis
*Vigna subterranea* (also known by its common names: Bambara nut, Boro (Yoruba), Bambara groundnut, Bambara-bean, Congo goober, earth pea, ground-bean, or hog-peanut) is a member of the family *Fabaceae*. The plant originated in West Africa. Vigna subterranea ripens its pods underground, much like the peanut (also called a groundnut). They can be eaten fresh or boiled after drying.[]
bambara groundnut plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:VISU7
Bambara groundnut
ground-bean
hog-peanut
Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.
Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou.
bambara bean
bambara nut
bambara-bean
boro (yoruba)
congo goober
earth pea
ground-bean
hog-peanut
vigna subterranea
voandzeia subterranea
Vigna subterranea
southern quahog
southern quahog
Mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791)
gulf quahog
hard clam
mercenaria campechiensis
Mercenaria campechiensis
Myliobatidae
Mobulinae
Trichodactylidae
Eubrachyura
Heterotremata
Ursus arctos horribilis
Kodiak bear
Ursus arctos middendorffi
*Abelmoschus moschatus* (Abelmosk, Ambrette seeds, Annual hibiscus, Bamia Moschata, Galu Gasturi, Muskdana, Musk mallow, Musk okra, Musk seeds, Ornamental okra, Rose mallow seeds, Tropical jewel hibiscus, Yorka okra; syn. *Hibiscus abelmoschus* L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant in the *Malvaceae* family, which is native to India. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelmoschus_moschatus]
muskmallow plant
PLANTS:ABMO
gandapura
kasturi
musk okra
Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.
abelmoschus moschatus
abelmosk
annual hibiscus
musk okra
Abelmoschus moschatus
Pachypops
Pachyurus
california cockle
Clinocardium californiense
Clinocardium californiense (Deshayes, 1839)
clinocardium californiense
Sanguinolaria
red amaranth plant
PLANTS:AMCR4
African-spinach
blood amaranth
prince's feather
purple amaranth
Amaranthus cruentus L.
amaranthus cruentus
blood amaranth
Amaranthus cruentus
Acacia cf. aneura 'Pilbara'
bony vertebrates
Euteleostomi
Cyrenidae
Rosoideae incertae sedis
stalk celery plant
MANSFELD:1236
PLANTS:APGRD
celery
stalk celery
Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) DC.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Apium graveolens var. dulce (P. Mill.) DC.
apium graveolens var. dulce
Apium graveolens Dulce Group
*Aloe ferox*, also known as Cape Aloe, Bitter Aloe, Red Aloe and Tap Aloe, is a species of aloe indigenous to South Africa's Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Lesotho.
cape aloe plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cape_Aloe
PLANTS:ALFE2
Aloe ferox Mill.
Aloe ferox Miller
aloe ferox
Aloe ferox
Myliobatiformes
Amblyraja
Dipturus
Leucoraja
softnose skates
Arhynchobatidae
Bathyraja
Rhinopristiformes
Torpediniformes
rays
Batoidea
sleeper sharks
Dalatiidae
Oxynotidae
sleeper sharks
Somniosidae
Etmopteridae
Centrophoridae
*Vanilla pompona* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and northern South America, and is one of the sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_pompona]
west indian vanilla plant
PLANTS:VAPO2
Vanilla pompona Schiede
vanilla pompona
Vanilla pompona
Palaemon
Squalomorphii
Atlantic grunt
Crocro roughneck
burro grunt
freshwater grunt
Rhonciscus crocro
pike-conger
common pike conger
Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822)
muraenesox bagio
Muraenesox bagio
duckbill eels
Nettastomatidae
manytooth conger
manytooth conger eel
Conger triporiceps
sand tilefish
Malacanthus plumieri
black moray
green conger
green moray
green moray eel
olive-green moray eel
Gymnothorax funebris
smooth trunkfish
Rhinesomus triqueter
cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus
ocean triggerfish
Canthidermis sufflamen
reef croaker
Odontoscion dentex
orange filefish
Aluterus schoepfii
chubbyu
cubbyu
streaked ribbonfish
striped ribbonfish
Pareques umbrosus
Fragariinae
silver croaker
Pennahia argentata
Ilisha melastoma
Galeoidea
sharks
Selachii
*Cinnamomum cassia*, called Chinese cassia or Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree originating in southern China, and widely cultivated there and elsewhere in southern and eastern Asia. It is one of several species of *Cinnamomum* used primarily for their aromatic bark, which is used as a spice. In the United States, Chinese cassia is the most common type of cinnamon used. The buds are also used as a spice, especially in India, and were once used by the ancient Romans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia]
chinese cinnamon plant
MANSFELD:15074
PLANTS:CIAR8
Chinese cinnamon
cassia-bark
chinese cinnamon
Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees
Cinnamomum cassia (L.) D. Don
cassia, chinese
cinnamomum aromaticum
cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum aromaticum
Batavia cinnamon
Cinnamomum burmannii
Cinnamomum burmanni
The black-headed gull (*Chroicocephalus ridibundus*) is a small gull which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.
black-headed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Black-headed_gull
Lachmoewe
black-headed gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)
chroicocephalus ridibundus
common black-headed gull
Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Haemulon
Amaranthus dubius
Plectorhinchus nigrus
A species of temperate perch native to the Amur and Yangtze basins, and other rivers and lakes in China. The mandarin fish is a commercially important species, as it is a popular food fish and has been widely farmed in its native range since the 20th century.
mandarin fish
Chautsi bass
Chinese bass
Chinese perch
Siniperca chuatsi
aucha perch
chinese perch
mandarin fish
Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky, 1855)
Siniperca chuatsi
*Hylocereus megalanthus* is a cactus species in the genus *Hylocereus* that is native to northern South America, where it is known, along with its fruit, by the name of Pitahaya. The yellow fruit has thorns, unlike the red dragon fruits (*H. undatus, H. polyrhizus, H. costaricensis*), and is commonly known as "yellow dragon fruit", "yellow pitahaya" or "yellow pitaya". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylocereus_megalanthus]
2023-06-19T01:50:46Z
Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer
Hylocereus megalanthus
Selenicereus megalanthus
picnic seabream
Acanthopagrus berda
Archosargus
sheepshead
CEC1993:755
FDA.RFE.2010:3
sheepshead seabream
Archosargus probatocephalus
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792)
Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum, 1792)
archosargus probatocephalus
Archosargus probatocephalus
Argyrops
king soldierbream
Argyrops spinifer
Etelinae
Lutjaninae
fusiliers
Caesioninae
Caesio
redbelly yellowtail fusilier
Caesio cuning
Calamus
Calamus <bony fishes>
crimson seabream
yellowback seabream
Evynnis tumifrons
spottail pinfish
Diplodus holbrookii
bluestriped grunt
Haemulon sciurus
Lethrinus
Nemipterus
panga seabream
Pterogymnus laniarius
*Solanum torvum* is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. It is also known as turkey berry, prickly nightshade, shoo-shoo bush, wild eggplant, pea eggplant, pea aubergine [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_torvum]
turkey berry plant
PLANTS:SOTO4
berenjena cimarrona
devil's fig
pea eggplant
pokak
turkey berry
Solanum torvum Sw.
pea eggplant
solanum torvum
turkeyberry
Solanum torvum
*Myrtus communis*, the common myrtle, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family *Myrtaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtus_communis]
myrtle plant
PLANTS:MYCO9
Myrtus communis L.
myrtus communis
Myrtus communis
Eugenia
A plant in the family Myrtaceae, native to tropical South America’s east coast, ranging from Suriname, French Guiana to southern Brazil, as well as parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. The plant is relatively pest resistant, easy to grow and high in antioxidants.
surinam cherry plant
MANSFELD:12194
PLANTS:EUUN2
Brazil-cherry
Surinam-cherry
brazil cherry plant
cayenne cherry plant
eugenia michelii
eugenia uniflora
nagapiry
pitanga
pitanga plant
ñangapirí
Eugenia uniflora L.
Eugenia uniflora
Psidium
guava
Psidium guajava
yellowbelly flounder
yellowbelly flounder
Rhombosolea leporina
Rhombosolea leporina Günther, 1862
rhombosolea leporina
Rhombosolea leporina
sand flounder
CEC1993:1136
New Zealand flounder
sand flounder
Rhombosolea plebeia
Rhombosolea plebeia (Richardson, 1843)
rhombosolea plebeia
Rhombosolea plebeia
Aspleniineae
pod razor
CEC1993:1391
Ensis ensis
Ensis ensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ensis ensis Linnaeus, 1758
ensis ensis
Ensis ensis
A common vegetable in the cuisines of southern Italy (in particular Basilicata, Puglia, and Sicily), Galicia (northwestern Spain), Portugal, the Netherlands and China. The plant is a member of the tribe *Brassiceae* of the *Brassicaceae* (mustard family).
ruvo kale plant
WIKIPEDIA:Brassica_ruvo
Rapini is classified scientifically as *Brassica rapa* subspecies *rapa*, in the same subspecies as the turnip, but has also been treated as *Brassica rapa ruvo*, *Brassica rapa rapifera*, *Brassica ruvo*, and *Brassica campestris ruvo*.
PLANTS:BRRU4
brassica raab
brassica rabe
brassica ruvo
broccoletti
broccoletto
broccoli di rape
broccoli raab
friarielli
italian turnip broccoli
nabana
rapini
rapini
rappi
ruvo kale
saishin
Brassica ruvo L. H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey
Brassica ruvo L.H.Bailey
rape
Brassica rapa Broccoletto Group
Lateolabracidae
Eupulmonata
duckbill flathead
duckbill flathead
longnose duckbill
Bembrops anatirostris Ginsburg, 1955
bembrops anatirostris
Bembrops anatirostris
goby flathead
goby duckbill
goby flathead
Bembrops gobioides (Goode, 1880)
bembrops gobioides
Bembrops gobioides
Hyporthodus
mossy ark
mossy ark
Arca imbricata
Arca imbricata Bruguiere, 1789
arca imbricata
Arca imbricata
Leccinum aurantiacum
Leccinum scabrum
Cassytha
Metapenaeus monoceros
Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii
Pelophylax
Rana
Rana <subgenus>
Gymnothorax
royal red shrimp
CEC1993:1244
Pleoticus robustus
Pleoticus robustus (S. I. Smith, 1885)
Pleoticus robustus (Smith, 1885)
pleoticus robustus
Pleoticus robustus
common guitarfish
CEC1993:76
https://eol.org/pages/46560660
common guitarfish
violinfish
Rhinobatos rhinobatos (Linnaeus, 1758)
rhinobatos rhinobatos
Rhinobatos rhinobatos
Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
*Tilia tomentosa*, known as silver linden in the US and silver lime in the UK, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from Hungary and the Balkans east to western Turkey, occurring at moderate altitudes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_tomentosa]
silver linden plant
PLANTS:TITO
silver lime
silver linden
Tilia tomentosa Moench
silver lime
tilia tomentosa
Tilia tomentosa
japanese millet plant
PLANTS:ECES
Japanese barnyard millet
Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz
barnyard millet
echinochloa esculenta
LanguaL curation note: *JAPANESE MILLET* may refer to Echinochloa esculenta or Echinochloa frumentacea according to ITIS.
Echinochloa esculenta
reba carp
Cirrhinus reba
Ramcarat grenadier anchovy
frill-tailed golden anchovy
taper-tail anchovy
Coilia ramcarati
Pacific fanfish
Pteraclis aesticola
*Prunus americana*, commonly called the American plum, wild plum, or Marshall's large yellow sweet plum, is a species of *Prunus* native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico east to New Hampshire and Florida.
american plum plant
WIKIPEDIA:Prunus_americana
PLANTS:PRAM
American red plum
goose plum
Prunus americana Marsh.
Prunus americana Marshall
august plum
goose plum
hog plum (prunus)
prunus americana
wild plum
yellow plum
Prunus americana
*Prunus angustifolia*, known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree. It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans. While *Prunus* is the classical name for European plums, *angustifolia* refers to its narrow leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_angustifolia]
chickasaw plum plant
PLANTS:PRAN3
PLANTS:PRANA
PLANTS:PRANW
Chickasaw plum
Prunus angustifolia Marsh.
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia Marsh. var. watsonii (Sarg.) Waugh
prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia
Good King Henry
allgood
fat-hen
Blitum bonus-henricus
white shrimp
Penaeus schmitti
Boerhavia
purple photosynthetic bacteria and relatives
Pseudomonadota
Pachypterus
Indian topasi
dwarf iridescent shark
Pachypterus atherinoides
Thoburn's mullet
Mugil thoburni
Siliqua alta
brazil cherry plant
PLANTS:EUBR7
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.
eugenia brasiliensis
Eugenia brasiliensis
Cypselurus
Ganoderma lingzhi
Eurypterygia
Acanthomorphata
Euacanthomorphacea
A species of bagrid catfish found in eastern Asia from Siberia to China, Korea, Vietnam, and Laos, where it can be found in lakes and river channels. It can reach a maximum length of 34.5 cm, weighing 3 kg, though it is much more commonly found to a length of 8 cm. It is a minor component of commercial fisheries.
yellow catfish
Korean bullhead
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Tachysurus fulvidraco
yellow catfish
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846)
Tachysurus fulvidraco
redtailed flesh fly
Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis
bigtooth rock crab
Cancer amphioetus M. J. Rathbun, 1898
Cancer amphioetus Rathbun 1898
cancer amphioetus
japanese rock crab
Glebocarcinus amphioetus
spectacled parrotfish
Chlorurus perspicillatus
blue parrotfish
Scarus coeruleus
Belonoidei
Vitis rotundifolia var. munsoniana
Lepista saeva
Acipenserinae
Scaphirhychini
Argentine croaker
Umbrina canosai
Chinese star-anise
Illicium verum
A species of squat lobster from the eastern Pacific Ocean.
pelagic red crab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuroncodes_planipes
langostilla
red crab
tuna crab
Pleuroncodes planipes
Pleuroncodes planipes Stimpson, 1860
pelagic crab
pleuroncodes planipes
Pleuroncodes planipes
neem plant
PLANTS:AZIN2
Indian-lilac
margosa
neem
neem tree
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
Azadirachta indica A.Juss.
Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss.
azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica
Ampelocissus
Ibacus
Japanese fan lobster
sand crayfish
Ibacus ciliatus
Gulf croaker
bigeye croaker
Micropogonias megalops
domine
Epinnula magistralis
Gulf butterfish
Peprilus burti
Chlorurus
northern sand lance
CEC1993:922
northern sand lance
Ammodytes dubius
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1837
Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt, 1838
ammodytes dubius
Ammodytes dubius
shortspine boarfish
Antigonia combatia
barrelfish
Hyperoglyphe perciformis
northern kingfish
CEC1993:726
northern kingfish
Menticirrhus saxatilis
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider 1801)
Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
menticirrhus saxatilis
Menticirrhus saxatilis
common searobin
northern searobin
Prionotus carolinus
slender tardoor
Opisthopterus tardoore
muskellunge
muskellunge
Esox masquinongy
Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824
esox masquinongy
Esox masquinongy
Cynanchum
cape gooseberry plant
MANSFELD:5607
PLANTS:PHPE4
Cape-gooseberry
goldenberry
gooseberry-tomato
Physalis peruviana L.
groundcherry, peruvian
physalis peruviana
poha
Physalis peruviana
Corylus maxima
Cortez flounder
Cortez halibut
Paralichthys aestuarius
speckled flounder
dappled flounder
speckled flounder
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams, 1897
Paralichthys woolmani Jordan and Williams in Gilbert, 1897
paralichthys woolmani
Paralichthys woolmani
cunene horse mackerel
CEC1993:667
Cunene horse mackerel
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1949
Trachurus trecae Cadenat, 1950
trachurus trecae
Trachurus trecae
A tropical tree species of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) that produces edible fruit.
longan tree
PLANTS:DILO7
dimocarpus longan
dragon eyes
euphorbia longan
longan
longan
lungan
nephelium longanum
Dimocarpus longan Lour.
Dimocarpus longan
Gryllus assimilis
*Cinnamomum verum*, called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family *Lauraceae*, native to Sri Lanka. Among other species, its inner bark is used to make cinnamon. The old botanical synonym for the tree-*Cinnamomum zeylanicum*-is derived from Sri Lanka's former name, Ceylon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_verum]
true cinnamon plant
MANSFELD:15093
PLANTS:CIVE2
Ceylon cinnamon
ceylon cinnamon
cinnamomum verum
cinnamomum zeylanicum
cinnamon
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Cinnamomum verum
naked sole
North American naked sole
naked sole
zebra sole
Gymnachirus melas
Gymnachirus melas Nichols, 1916
gymnachirus melas
Gymnachirus melas
golden goatfish
CEC1993:807
red goatfish
Mullus auratus
Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
mullus auratus
Mullus auratus
Atlantic threadfin
Polydactylus octonemus
Mitragyna parvifolia
Parapenaeopsis stylifera
Gaylussacia
garfish
CEC1993:409
garpike
Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone acus Risso, 1827
Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)
Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866
belone belone
belone belone belone
garpike
Belone belone
pacific saury
CEC1993:414
Pacific saury
Cololabis saira
Cololabis saira (Brevoort, 1856)
cololabis saira
mackerel pike
saury, pacific
skipper (pacific saury)
Cololabis saira
Atlantic flyingfish
Cheilopogon melanurus
sailfin flyingfish
Parexocoetus brachypterus
atlantic saury
CEC1993:416
Atlantic saury
Scomberesox saurus
Scomberesox saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum, 1792)
Scomberesox saurus scombroides Richardson, 1843
saury, atlantic
scomberesox saurus
skipper (atlantic saury)
Scomberesox saurus
california needlefish
Californian needlefish
Strongylura exilis
Strongylura exilis (Girard 1854)
Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854)
needlefish, california
strongylura exilis
Strongylura exilis
needlefish
CEC1993:411
Atlantic needlefish
Strongylura marina (Walbaum, 1792)
atlantic needlefish
strongylura marina
Strongylura marina
giant needlefish
hound needlefish
Tylosurus crocodilus
Asian needlefish
freshwater garfish
silver needlefish
Xenentodon cancila
Acanthurus
brown surgeonfish
Acanthurus nigrofuscus
*Liasis fuscus* is a non-venomous python species found in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Common names: brown water python, water python.
water python
Liasis fuscus Peters, 1873
brown water python
liasis fuscus
Liasis fuscus
Cenchrinae
alligators and others
Crocodylia
Alligatoridae
Monomia gladiator
*Asimina triloba*, the papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, paw-paw, or common pawpaw, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. It belongs to the genus *Asimina* in the same plant family (the *Annonaceae*) as the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang and soursop.
Pawpaw fruits have a sweet, custardish flavor somewhat similar to banana, mango, and cantaloupe, and are commonly eaten raw, but are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts.
The fruit of the pawpaw is a large, yellowish-green to brown berry, 2-6 in (5-16 cm) long and 1-3 in (3-7 cm) broad, weighing from 0.7-18 oz (20-500 g), containing several brown/black seeds 1/2 to 1 in (15-25 mm) in diameter embedded in the soft, edible fruit pulp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimina_triloba]
pawpaw plant
PLANTS:ASTR
pawpaw
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
asimina triloba
dog banana
indian banana
Asimina triloba
Boletus edulis var. grandedulis
japanese littleneck clam
Japanese littleneck
Manila clam
Venerupis philippinarum
Venerupis philippinarum (A. Adams and Reeve, 1850)
asari
manila clam
tapes japonica
tapes philippinarum
venerupis philippinarum
Ruditapes philippinarum
pipefishes and seahorses
Syngnathiformes
western pacific gizzard shad
Western Pacific gizzard shad
Nematalosa come (Richardson, 1846)
nematalosa come
Nematalosa come
Clarias
A species of catfish of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. The African sharptooth catfish was introduced all over the world in the early 1980s for aquaculture purposes, so is found in countries far outside its natural habitat, such as Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, and India.
sharptooth catfish
African sharptooth catfish
Clarias gariepinus
North African catfish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarias_gariepinus
sharptooth catfish
Clarias gariepinus
Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
North African catfish
Clarias gariepinus
Cynoscion
spotted seatrout
CEC1993:716
speckled trout
spotted seatrout
spotted weakfish
Cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1838)
cynoscion nebulosus
Cynoscion nebulosus
kava
Piper methysticum
*Allium chinense* (also known as Chinese onion, Chinese scallion, glittering chive, Japanese scallion, Kiangsi scallion, and Oriental onion) is an edible species of *Allium*, native to China and Korea, and cultivated in many other countries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_chinense]
chinese onion plant
PLANTS:ALCH5
Allium chinense Don.
Allium chinense G. Don
allium bakeri
allium chinense
chinese scallion
rakkyo
Allium chinense
fireweed
Chamaenerion angustifolium
Atripliceae
Anserineae
Chenopodioideae
Salsoleae
silver carp
CEC1993:329
silver carp
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)
amur carp
carp, silver
hypophthalmichthys molitrix
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix
junipers
Juniperus
Lepomis
bluegill
bluegill
bluegill sunfish
Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819
lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus
mottled cusk-eel
Lepophidium jeannae
marlin-spike grenadier
Nezumia bairdii
hunchback scorpionfish
Scorpaena dispar
intermediate sailfin tang
sailfin tang
Zebrasoma velifer
Jack silverside
Atherinopsis californiensis
moga
Hypsophrys nicaraguensis
*Linospadix monostachyos* known as the walking stick palm is a small palm growing in rainforest understorey in Queensland and New South Wales. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linospadix_monostachyos]
walking-stick palm plant
Linospadix monostachyos (Mart.) H. Wendl.
linospadix monostachyos
Linospadix monostachyos
Oreochromini
Pholiota
trumpet emperor
Lethrinus miniatus
Piper
Piper nigrum
Piper betle
Pomatoschistus
sand goby
CEC1993:1048
sand goby
Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas, 1770)
pomatoschistus minutus
Pomatoschistus minutus
Mesocentrotus franciscanus
Boletus edulis BED1
Archelosauria
Toxicofera
Episquamata
split-tongued squamates
Bifurcata
*Prunus virginiana*, commonly called bitter-berry, chokecherry, Virginia bird cherry and western chokecherry (also western chokecherry for *Prunus virginiana* var. *demissa*), is a species of bird cherry (*Prunus* subgenus *Padus*) native to North America; the natural historic range of *Prunus virginiana* includes most of the continent, except for the far north and far south.
2022-02-19T03:41:30Z
PLANTS:PRVI
chokecherry
Prunus virginiana L.
bitter-berry
chokeberry
prunus virginiana
virginia bird cherry
virginia chokeberry
Prunus virginiana
wahoo
CEC1993:950
wahoo
Acanthocybium solandri
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
acanthocybium solandri
Acanthocybium solandri
*Achillea millefolium*, commonly known as yarrow or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family *Asteraceae*. Other common names for this species include gordaldo, nosebleed plant, old man's pepper, devil's nettle, sanguinary, milfoil, soldier's woundwort, thousand-leaf, and thousand-seal. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achillea_millefolium]
yarrow plant
PLANTS:ACMI2
Achillea millefolium L.
achillea millefolium
devil's nettle
milfoil
nosebleed plant
old man's pepper
ordaldo
sanguinary
soldier's woundwort
thousand-leaf
thousand-seal
Achillea millefolium
Annona
Soursop is the fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree.
Damion Dooley
soursop plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soursop
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Annona_muricata_1.jpg/360px-Annona_muricata_1.jpg
MANSFELD:28746
PLANTS:ANMU2
guanabana
prickly custard apple
soursop
Annona muricata L.
annona
annona muricata
prickly custard apple
Annona muricata
Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias gariepinus
Lepidozamia
Auxis
frigate tuna
CEC1993:953
frigate tuna
Auxis thazard
Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800)
Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
auxis thazard
tuna, frigate
Auxis thazard
Borage, (*Borago officinalis*), also known as a starflower, is an annual herb originating in Syria,[1] but naturalized throughout the Mediterranean region, as well as Asia Minor, Europe, North Africa, and South America. Traditionally borage was cultivated for culinary and medicinal uses, although today commercial cultivation is mainly as an oilseed. Borage is used as either a fresh vegetable or a dried herb.
borage plant
WIKIPEDIA:Borago_officinalis
MANSFELD:25390
PLANTS:BOOF
Borago officinalis L.
borago officinalis
Borago officinalis
Bowenia
Dipnotetrapodomorpha
*Calluna vulgaris* (known as common heather, ling, or simply heather) is the sole species in the genus *Calluna* in the flowering plant family *Ericaceae*. *Calluna vulgaris* herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea for treatment of disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calluna]
heather plant
PLANTS:CAVU
heather flower
Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull
calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris
atlantic seabob
CEC1993:1218
sea bob shrimp
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (C. Heller, 1862)
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862)
seabob
xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Penaeus
carpenter ants
Camponotus
southern brown shrimp
Penaeus subtilis
*Cananga odorata*, known as the cananga tree, is a tropical tree that originates in Indonesia, which in the early 19th century spread to Malaysia and the Philippines. It is valued for the perfume extracted from its flowers, called ylang-ylang (a name also sometimes used for the tree itself), which is an essential oil used in aromatherapy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cananga_odorata]
ylang-ylang plant
PLANTS:CAOD
ilang-ilang
Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson
cananga odorata
cananga tree
Cananga odorata
Capparis
Carcharodon
great white shark
CEC1993:18
great white shark
white shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758)
carcharodon carcharias
maneater
Carcharodon carcharias
Trees in the genus *Carya* are commonly known as hickory, derived from the Powhatan language of Virginia.Hickory nuts (*Carya*) and walnuts (*Juglans*) in the *Juglandaceae* family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, and thus not true botanical nuts. "Tryma" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes.
WIKIPEDIA:Hickory
2023-06-18T16:25:33Z
carya spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the hickory fruit (tryma/drupaceous nut) index both *HICKORY [B1553]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Carya
pignut hickory
sweet pignut
Carya glabra
The American chestnut (*Castanea dentata*) is a large, monoecious deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. The nuts were once an important economic resource in North America, being sold on the streets of towns and cities, as they sometimes still are during the Christmas season [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_chestnut]
american chestnut tree
PLANTS:CADE12
American chestnut
Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.
castanea dentata
Castanea dentata
Chrysophyllum
Cichorium
MANSFELD:31958
PLANTS:CIIN
chicory
radicchio
succory
Cichorium intybus L.
cichorium intybus
cichorium intybus ssp. intybus
Cichorium intybus
Cinnamomum
Clerodendrum
arabica coffee
coffee
Coffea arabica
rock shell snail
Florida rocksnail
oyster drill
Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1758)
florida rocksnail
stramonita haemastoma
thaididae
Stramonita haemastoma
hazelnuts
Corylus
*Corylus avellana*, the common hazel, is a species of hazel native to Europe and western Asia. Common hazel is cultivated for its nuts. The name hazelnut applies to the nuts of any of the species of the genus *Corylus*. This hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste. The cob is round, compared with the longer filbert nut. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corylus_avellana]
common hazel plant
PLANTS:COAV80
Corylus avellana L.
European hazelnut
cobnut
corylus avellana
Corylus avellana
*Corylus cornuta* Marsh. is a deciduous shrubby hazel found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. *Corylus cornuta* is named from its fruit, which is a nut enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension 2-4 cm (0.79-1.6 in) long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible. There are two varieties: *Corylus cornuta* var. *cornuta* - Eastern Beaked Hazel; small shrub, 4 to 6 m tall; 'beak' longer, 3 cm or more. *Corylus cornuta* var. *californica* - Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut; large shrub, 4 to 15 m tall; 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm.
beaked hazel plant
WIKIPEDIA:Corylus_cornuta
PLANTS:COCO6
PLANTS:COCOC
PLANTS:COCOC2
beaked hazelnut
corylus cornuta
western hazel
Corylus cornuta Marsh.
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp
Corylus cornuta Marsh. var. cornuta
Corylus cornuta
*Lonicera caerulea*, the honeyberry, haskap berry, blue-berried honeysuckle, or sweetberry honeysuckle, is a honeysuckle native throughout the cool temperate Northern Hemisphere. The fruit is an edible, blue berry, somewhat rectangular in shape weighing 1.3 to 2.2 grams, and about 1 cm in diameter. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonicera_caerulea]
blue honeysuckle plant
PLANTS:LOCA6
blue honeysuckle
Lonicera caerulea L.
haskap
lonicera caerulea
sweetberry honeysuckle
Lonicera caerulea
Coryphaena
Coryphaena equiselis
slickheads
Alepocephalidae
Alepocephalus
baird's smmoth-head
CEC1993:221
Baird's smooth-head
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode & Bean, 1879
Alepocephalus bairdii Goode and Bean, 1879
alepocephalus bairdii
Alepocephalus bairdii
Plectropomus
South American silver porgy
Diplodus argenteus
Cyathea
Dianella
Dianella <monocots>
A primarily ocean-going fish that sometimes enters brackish and fresh waters.
european sea bass
CEC1993:586
EC:No 216/2009 BSS
European sea bass
European seabass
european seabass
mediterranean seabass
sea dace
Dicentrarchus labrax
Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758)
dicentrarchus labrax
morone labrax
sea bass
white salmon
Dicentrarchus labrax
Diospyros
Damion Dooley
american persimmon plant
PLANTS:DIVI5
American persimmon
common persimmon
diospyros virginiana
eastern persimmon
possum apple
Diospyros virginiana L.
Diospyros virginiana
pacific geoduck
Pacific geoduck
Panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849)
clam, pacific geoduck
panopea abrupta
Panopea abrupta
A citrus plant in the family Rutaceae believed to have originated in central China as a hybrid of mandarin orange and the ichang papeda.
yuzu tree
2020-03-29T05:30:02Z
kuzu
xiang cheng
yuzu
Citrus junos
Nikita from Russian Federation
Congrinae
Bathymyrinae
butterfly kingfish
Gasterochisma melampus
Gryllodes sigillatus
gooseberry plant
MANSFELD:17095
PLANTS:RIUV80
PLANTS:RIUVS
English gooseberry
Ribes uva-crispa L.
Ribes uva-crispa L. var. sativum DC.
ribes uva-crispa
Ribes uva-crispa
sailfishes
Istiophorus
sailfish
CEC1993:1006
Indo-Pacific sailfish
Istiophorus platypterus
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792)
istiophorus platypterus
Istiophorus platypterus
Buchanania lanzan
murray cod
WIKIPEDIA:Murray_cod)
Murray cod
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell 1839)
Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838)
goodoo
greenfish
maccullochella peeli
Maccullochella peelii
golden perch
golden perch
Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845)
macquaria ambigua
Macquaria ambigua
The King George whiting, *Sillaginodes punctatus* (also known as the spotted whiting or spotted sillago), is a coastal marine fish of the smelt-whitings family *Sillaginidae*. The King George whiting is endemic to Australia, inhabiting the south coast of the country from Jurien Bay, Western Australia to Botany Bay, New South Wales in the east. The King George whiting is the only member of the genus *Sillaginodes* and the largest member of the smelt-whiting family *Sillaginidae*, growing to a length of 72 cm and 4.8 kg in weight. The species is readily distinguishable from other Australian whitings by its unique pattern of spots, as well as its highly elongate shape. King George whiting are often found in bays and protected waterways over sand and seagrass beds, also venturing out onto deep continental shelf reefs during adulthood. The species is a benthic carnivore, consuming a variety of crustaceans, polychaete worms, molluscs and fish. The King George whiting forms the basis of one of southern Australia's most important commercial fisheries, reportedly worth over five million Australian dollars per year. The species is also heavily targeted by recreational anglers, who value the whiting for its sporting and eating qualities.
king george whiting
WIKIPEDIA:Sillaginodes_punctatus
Australian whiting
King George whiting
South Australian whiting
spotted sillago
spotted whiting
Sillaginodes punctata (Cuvier, 1829)
Sillaginodes punctata Cuvier, 1829
Sillaginodes punctatus
Sillaginodes punctatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
australian whiting
sillaginodes punctatus
south australian whiting
spotted sillago
spotted whiting
Sillaginodes punctatus
sand flounder
Myzopsetta punctatissima
Katsuwonus
escolar
FDA.RFE.2010:27
escolar
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)
lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Lepidocybium flavobrunneum
Spirochaetales
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, V.1, 1984, p.38.
marlins
Makaira
Pacific black marlin
black marlin
giant black marlin
silver marlin
Istiompax indica
Spirinchus
Atlantic blue marlin
Makaira nigricans
Turmeric is a flowering plant, Curcuma longa of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, the roots of which are used in cooking.
2023-07-08T01:08:57Z
MANSFELD:3244
turmeric
curcuma domestica
Curcuma longa
Myoga, myoga ginger or Japanese ginger is the species *Zingiber mioga* in the *Zingiberaceae* family. Only its edible flower buds and flavorful shoots are used in cooking. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoga]
mioga ginger plant
PLANTS:ZIMI4
Japanese ginger
myoga
Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Roscoe
japanese ginger
myoga
zingiber mioga
Zingiber mioga
Apocryptes bato
oilfish
Ruvettus pretiosus
squat lobsters
Galatheidae
Indonesian tiger fish
Datnioides microlepis
Scomber
The chub mackerel, Pacific mackerel, or Pacific chub mackerel (*Scomber japonicus*) is a species of fish in the family *Scombridae*, the tuna and mackerel family. This species of mackerel closely resembles the Atlantic chub mackerel. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chub_mackerel]
chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
CEC1993:972
FDA.RFE.2010:61
Spanish mackerel
chub mackerel
chub mackerel
Scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
pacific mackerel
scomber japonicus
Scomber japonicus
atlantic mackerel
CEC1993:973
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758
mackerel, atlantic
scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus
Scomberomorus
king mackerel
CEC1993:976
king mackerel
Scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829)
scomberomorus cavalla
Scomberomorus cavalla
Mexican goatfish
Mulloidichthys dentatus
Sphyraena
shellbark hickory
Carya laciniosa
black hickory
Carya texana
spearfishes
Tetrapturus
Atlantic white marlin
Kajikia albida
shortbill spearfish
Tetrapturus angustirostris
Pacific striped marlin
striped marlin
striped swordfish
Kajikia audax
tibetian rhubarb plant
PLANTS:RHOF
yao yong da huang
Rheum officinale Baill.
Rheum officinale Baillon
rheum officinale
Rheum officinale
chinese rhubarb plant
PLANTS:RHPA7
Rheum palmatum L.
rheum palmatum
Rheum palmatum
longbill spearfish
Tetrapturus pfluegeri
oyster plant
salsify
Tragopogon porrifolius
Trichiurus
atlantic cutlassfish
CEC1993:949
FDA.RFE.2010:91
Atlantic cutlassfish
largehead hairtail
Trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758
trichiurus lepturus
Trichiurus lepturus
*Sanguisorba minor*, the salad burnet, garden burnet, small burnet, burnet, is a plant in the family *Rosaceae* that is native to western, central and southern Europe; northwest Africa and southwest Western Asia; and which has naturalized in most of North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguisorba_minor]
salad burnet plant
PLANTS:SAMI3
Sanguisorba minor Scop.
garden burnet
sanguisorba minor
small burnet
Sanguisorba minor
*Sanguisorba officinalis* (great burnet) is a plant in the family *Rosaceae*, subfamily *Rosoideae*. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanguisorba_officinalis]
great burnet plant
PLANTS:SAOF3
Sanguisorba officinalis L.
sanguisorba officinalis
Sanguisorba officinalis
Vaccinium
Damion Dooley
american cranberry plant
MANSFELD:18280
PLANTS:VAMA
American cranberry
american cranberry
large cranberry
large cranberry
oxycoccus macrocarpos
vaccinium macrocarpon
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton
Vaccinium macrocarpon
Kina
Evechinus chloroticus
Hypomesus
delta smelt
Hypomesus transpacificus
Japanese icefish
Salanx microdon
common icefish
Salangichthys microdon
barnacle rock-shell
Concholepas concholepas
Haliotis pourtalesii
Xyrichtys
*Polygonum aviculare* or common knotgrass is a plant related to buckwheat and dock. It is also called prostrate knotweed, birdweed, pigweed and lowgrass. In Vietnam, it is widely used to prepare soup and hot pot, particularly in the southern region. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygonum_aviculare]
prostrate knotweed plant
PLANTS:POAV
Polygonum aviculare L.
birdweed
lowgrass
pigweed
polygonum aviculare
Polygonum aviculare
kadal shrimp
Metapenaeus dobsoni
annual rape
canola
Brassica napus var. napus
gum-arabic
Senegalia senegal
Vachellia seyal
lesser spiny eel
Macrognathus aculeatus
Marsileaceae
Brazilian sardine
Brazilian sardinella
Sardinella brasiliensis
The coconut palm, *Cocos nucifera*, is a member of the family *Arecaceae* (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus *Cocos*. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut, but a drupe. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word.
coconut palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cocos_nucifera
MANSFELD:10983
PLANTS:CONU
coconut palm
Cocos nucifera L.
coconut
cocos nucifera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the coconut palm fruit (drupe, seed) index both *COCONUT PALM [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Cocos nucifera
yard-long-bean
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis
Anadara kagoshimensis
Albatrellus ovinus
diploxylon pines
hard pines
Pinus subgen. Pinus
haploxylon pines
soft pines
Pinus subgen. Strobus
Hydnum rufescens
fleshy prawn
CEC1993:1203
fleshy prawn
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck, 1765)
fenneropenaeus chinensis
penaeus chinensis
Penaeus chinensis
Sparassis crispa
Arctic flounder
Liopsetta glacialis
*Prunus cerasus* (sour cherry, tart cherry, or dwarf cherry) is a species of *Prunus* in the subgenus *Cerasus* (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia.
2022-02-17T23:56:26Z
MANSFELD:9206
MANSFELD:9212
PLANTS:PRCE
pie cherry
sour cherry
sour cherry plant
Cerasus vulgaris Austera Group
Cerasus vulgaris Mill.
Prunus cerasus L.
acid cherry
sour cherry
tart cherry
"It is closely related to the sweet cherry (Prunus avium), but has a fruit that is more acidic. There are several varieties of the sour cherry: the dark-red morello cherry and the lighter-red varieties including the amarelle cherry, and the popular Montmorency cherry." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_cerasus]
Prunus cerasus
Polititapes
Siamese tiger fish
Siamese tiger perch
Siamese tigerfish
Datnioides pulcher
green rock lobster
packhorse rock lobster
Sagmariasus verreauxi
Mexican barred snapper
barred pargo
greenbar snapper
Hoplopagrus guentherii
A species of perciform marine fish, the only representative of the genus *Rachycentron* and the family *Rachycentridae*. Other common names include black kingfish, black salmon, ling, lemonfish, crabeater, prodigal son and black bonito.
cobia
CEC1993:623
EC:No 216/2009 CBA
Rachycentron canadum
cobia
Rachycentron canadum
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)
Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus, 1766
rachycentridae
Rachycentron canadum
lowfin pomfret
lesser bream
Brama dussumieri Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831
brama dussumieri
Brama dussumieri
Atlantic goldeneye tilefish
Caulolatilus chrysops
blacktail moray
Gymnothorax kolpos
black driftfish
Hyperoglyphe bythites
reticulate moray
Muraena retifera
whitebone porgy
Calamus leucosteus
spinycheek soldierfish
Corniger spinosus
caranda plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CACA74
Carissa carandas L.
carissa carandas
karanda
Carissa carandas
Gulf flounder
Paralichthys albigutta
southern flounder
southern flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan and Gilbert, 1884
flounder, southern
paralichthys lethostigma
Paralichthys lethostigma
broad flounder
Paralichthys squamilentus
roundel skate
Raja texana
Carpobrotus
Keenocardium californiense
Lolliguncula panamensis
common mud turtle
Kinosternon subrubrum
Decapoda sp. BOLD:AAE2717
Bombay ducks
Harpadontinae
Saurida
brushtooth lizardfish
CEC1993:385
brushtooth lizardfish
Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848)
large-scale lizardfish
saurida undosquamis
Saurida undosquamis
black-axil mullet
fringelip mullet
warty-lipped mullet
Crenimugil crenilabis
Exocoetus
tropical two-wing flyingfish
Exocoetus volitans
Antigonia
deepbody boarfish
Antigonia capros
Monacanthidae
red seabream
red tail
Pagrus major
bigmouth buffalo
Ictiobus cyprinellus
Cymbidium
Boreoeutheria
Acrogymnospermae
Mesangiospermae
Petrosaviidae
Pentapetalae
spiny eel
largescale tapirfish
spiny eel
Notacanthus chemnitzii
Notacanthus chemnitzii Bloch, 1788
notacanthus chemnitzi
Notacanthus chemnitzii
Brassica oleracea var. albiflora
rough redeye crab
Eriphia smithii MacLaey, 1838
Eriphia smithii MacLeay, 1838
eriphia smithii
orange-hand stone crab
Eriphia smithii
Pyracantha
Araucariales
Helix aperta, commonly known as the green garden snail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helicidae, the typical snails.
green garden snail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_aperta
green garden snail
Helix aperta Born, 1778
helix aperta
Cantareus apertus
Acanthurinae
*Attalea speciosa* (babassu, babassu palm, babaçu, cusi) is a palm native to the Amazon Rainforest region in South America. This plant has commercial value because its seeds produce an edible oil called babassu oil, which is also used in cleaners and skin care products. The fruit is used to produce products such as medicines, beauty aids, and beverages. Traditional communities of the Maranhão region also produce a flour from the fruit and this is commercialized as a nutritional supplement. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attalea_speciosa]
babassu palm plant
PLANTS:ORBA5
motacu
motacuchi
Attalea speciosa Mart.
Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng.
Orbignya barbosiana Burret
babacu
orbignya barbosiana
orbignya speciosa
Attalea speciosa
Salak (*Salacca zalacca*) is a species of palm tree (family *Arecaceae*) native to Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The fruits grow in clusters at the base of the palm, and are also known as snake fruit due to the reddish-brown scaly skin. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salak]
salak palm plant
Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss
salacca zalacca
snakefruit
Salacca zalacca
*Althaea officinalis* (marsh-mallow, common marshmallow) is a perennial species indigenous to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant. A confection made from the root since ancient Egyptian time evolved into today's marshmallow treat. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Althaea_officinalis]
common marshmallow plant
PLANTS:ALOF2
marshmallow
white mallow
Althaea officinalis L.
althaea officinalis
Althaea officinalis
*Malva sylvestris* is a species of the mallow genus *Malva* in the family of *Malvaceae* and is considered to be the type species for the genus. Known as common mallow to English-speaking Europeans, it acquired the common names of cheeses, high mallow and tall mallow (mauve des bois by the French). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_sylvestris]
common mallow plant
PLANTS:MASY
Malva sylvestris L.
malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris
three-eye flounder
Ancylopsetta dilecta
freckled pike-conger
freckled pike-conger
Hoplunnis macrura
Hoplunnis macrura Ginsburg, 1951
hoplunnis macrura
Hoplunnis macrura
whiptail conger
Rhynchoconger gracilior
Selar
redtail scad
Decapterus kurroides
mackerel scad
CEC1993:633
mackerel scad
Decapterus macarellus
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)
decapterus macarellus
Decapterus macarellus
indian scad
CEC1993:636
Indian scad
Decapterus russelli
Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830)
decapterus russelli
Decapterus russelli
bigeye scad
big-eyed scad
bigeye scad
Selar crumenophthalmus
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)
akule
selar crumenophthalmus
Selar crumenophthalmus
Ranunculoideae
raitt's sandeel
CEC1993:924
lesser sand-eel
Ammodytes marinus Raitt, 1934
ammodytes marinus
Ammodytes marinus
chinese persimmon plant
PLANTS:DISI3
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urb.) Standl.
Diospyros sintenisii (Krug & Urban) Standl.
diospyros sintenisii
Diospyros sintenisii
dana swimming crab
CEC1993:1280
Dana swimming crab
blue swimming crab
Callinectes danae (Smith, 1869)
Callinectes danae S. I. Smith, 1869
Callinectes danae Smith, 1869
callinectes danae
dana swimcrab
Callinectes danae
grass porgy
Calamus arctifrons
*Tropaeolum minus*, the dwarf nasturtium is a species of perennial plant in the *Tropaeolaceae* family. It is endemic to mountainous regions of Ecuador and Peru. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropaeolum_minus]
dwarf nasturtium plant
PLANTS:TRMI13
Tropaeolum minus L.
tropaeolum minus
Tropaeolum minus
Bambusoideae
Pooideae
Panicoideae
PACMAD clade
Chloridoideae
Oryzeae
Triticeae
Paniceae
Andropogoneae
filamentous ascomycetes
Pezizomycotina
spotted sand bass
Paralabrax maculatofasciatus
jawless vertebrates
Cyclostomata
smallmouth bass
CEC1993:594
smallmouth bass
smallmouth blackbass
Micropterus dolomieu
Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacepède, 1802
Micropterus dolomieui Lacépède, 1801
micropterus dolomieui
Micropterus dolomieu
Alosa agone
Acanthurus gahhm
greater sand-eel
Hyperoplus immaculatus
Trichodontidae
sailfin sandfish
CEC1993:854
sailfin sandfish
Arctoscopus japonicus (Steindachner, 1881)
arctoscopus japonicus
Arctoscopus japonicus
*Parkia speciose* (petai, bitter bean, twisted cluster bean, or stink bean) is a plant of the genus *Parkia* in the family *Fabaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkia_speciosa]
parkia plant
PLANTS:PASP15
Parkia speciosa Hassk.
parkia speciosa
stink bean
Parkia speciosa
bowfins and gars
Holostei
Osteoglossocephalai
Euteleosteomorpha
Clupeoidei
Characoidei
Loricarioidei
Siluroidei
Aulopoidei
Zeiogadaria
Gadoidei
Berycimorphaceae
Percomorphaceae
Gobiaria
gobies and sleepers
Gobiiformes
Syngnathiformes incertae sedis
Anabantaria
tunas and others
Scombriformes
gouramies and others
Anabantiformes
Carangaria
Carangaria incertae sedis
billfishes and barracudas
Istiophoriformes
jacks and others
Carangiformes
Ovalentaria
Ovalentaria incertae sedis
Atherinomorphae
Eupercaria
Eupercaria incertae sedis
stargazers and others
Uranoscopiformes
wrasses
Labriformes
Lobotiformes
porgies and others
Spariformes
surgeonfishes and others
Acanthuriformes
Terapontoidei
sunfishes and others
Centrarchiformes
Triglioidei
Cottales
Ictalurus punctatus x Ictalurus furcatus
Cayratia
Cissus
duck potato
wapato
Sagittaria latifolia
australian spiny lobster
CEC1993:1257
western rock lobster
Panulirus cygnus
Panulirus cygnus George, 1962
panulirus cygnus
Panulirus cygnus
Panulirus gracilis
scalloped spiny lobster
CEC1993:1258
Indian spiny lobster
Panulirus homarus
Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
panulirus burgeri
panulirus homarus
trasnkei spiny lobster
Panulirus homarus
Panulirus inflatus
smoothtail spiny lobster
Panulirus laevicauda
Panulirus marginatus
ornate spiny lobster
Panulirus ornatus
Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798)
panulirus ornatus
Panulirus ornatus
pronghorn spiny lobster
Panulirus penicillatus
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
panulirus penicillatus
red lobster
variegated crayfish
Panulirus penicillatus
Panulirus polyphagus
royal spiny lobster
CEC1993:1260
Panulirus regius
Panulirus regius De Brito Capello, 1864
Panulirus regius de Brito Capello, 1864
panulirus regius
panulirus rissonii
Panulirus regius
painted spiny lobster
South China Sea lobster
painted rock lobster
painted spiny lobster
spiny blue lobster
Panulirus versicolor
Panulirus versicolor (Latreille, 1804)
painted crayfish
panulirus versicolor
Panulirus versicolor
trumpetfish
Aulostomus maculatus
pygmy krill
Euphausia frigida Hansen, 1911
euphausia frigida
Euphausia frigida
Epinephelini
oblique-banded snapper
Pristipomoides zonatus
marsh killifish
Fundulus confluentus
Xanthosoma
mullet snapper
Lutjanus aratus
golden snapper
Lutjanus inermis
lychee plant
MANSFELD:6914
PLANTS:LICH4
litchee
litchi
litchi chinensis
litchi nut
litchi plant
lychee
nephelium litchi
Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Litchi chinensis
A medium-sized, edible-fruit bearing tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae.
Damion Dooley
rambutan tree
MANSFELD:6931
PLANTS:NELA7
alectryon subcinereus
euphorbia nephelium
hairy lychee tree
nephelium lappaceum
rambutan
rhambustan tree
Nephelium lappaceum L.
Nephelium lappaceum
*Kali turgida* (Synonym *Salsola kali* subsp. *kali*), commonly known as prickly saltwort, or prickly glasswort, is an annual plant that grows in salty sandy coastal soils.
Its distributional range is in Europe along the shores of Baltic Sea, North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the Mediterranean and at dry inland places it is replaced by Kali tragus, which is less tolerant to salty soils, and has spread from Eurasia to other continents. Kali turgida does not seem to occur as an introduced species in America.
prickly saltwort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_kali
PLANTS:SAKA
PLANTS:SAKAK
PLANTS:SAKAP
common saltwort
prickly saltwort
Salsola kali L.
Salsola kali L. ssp. kali
Salsola kali L. ssp. pontica (Pall.) Mosyakin
common saltwort
prickly russian thistle
russian thistle
tumbleweed
Kali turgidum
*Prunus maritima*, the beach plum, is a species of plum native to the East Coast of the United States, from Maine south to Maryland. The species is grown commercially for its fruit to a small extent, used to make jam. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_maritima]
beach plum plant
PLANTS:PRMA2
beach plum
Prunus maritima Marsh.
Prunus maritima Marshall
prunus maritima
Prunus maritima
*Prunus subcordata*, known by the common names Klamath plum, Oregon plum, Pacific plum and Sierra plum, is a member of the genus *Prunus*, native to the western United States... The plums are small and tart but edible. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_subcordata]
klamath plum plant
PLANTS:PRSU2
Klamath plum
Sierra plum
Prunus subcordata Benth.
prunus subcordata
Prunus subcordata
Euspira heros
Malpighia emarginata
Polypodiidae
Polypodiidae <ferns>
sunrise perch
Caprodon schlegelii
goldeneye jobfish
Pristipomoides flavipinnis
oriental maori wrasse
Oxycheilinus orientalis
Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla
Lactarius helvus
greenthread plant
2019-08-24T17:28:15Z
Thelesperma megapotamicum is a perennial species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Navajo tea greenthread and rayless greenthread.
rayless greenthread
Thelesperma megapotamicum
*Lepidium meyenii* (maca) is an herbaceous biennial plant of the crucifer family native to the high Andes of Peru. It is grown for its fleshy hypocotyl (a fused hypocotyl and taproot), which is used as a root vegetable and a medicinal herb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_meyenii]
maca plant
PLANTS:LEME19
Lepidium meyenii Walp.
lepidium meyenii
Lepidium meyenii
red grouper
CEC1993:572
red grouper
Epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus morio
Epinephelus morio
black grouper
marbled rockfish
Mycteroperca bonaci
Boraginales
Pholiota microspora
*Bactris gasipaes* is a species of palm native to the tropical forests of South and Central America. Bactris gasipaes has been used for food for centuries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactris_gasipaes]
peach palm plant
PLANTS:BAGA2
chonta
gachipaes
peach palm
pijuayo
pupunha
Bactris gasipaes Kunth
bactris gasipaes
Bactris gasipaes
*Vicia ervilia*, known as ervil or bitter vetch, is an ancient grain legume crop of the Mediterranean region. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_ervilia]
ervil plant
PLANTS:VIER81
Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.
Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd. Ervum ervilia L
bitter vetch
vicia ervilia
Vicia ervilia
Lepidorhombus
megrim
CEC1993:1156
megrim
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (Walbaum, 1792)
lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
whiff
Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
Cyttidae
Chaetodontiformes
Centrarchoidei
Cirrhitioidei
Carpiodes
river carpsucker
Carpiodes carpio
blue sucker
Cycleptus elongatus
greenland cockle
Serripes groenlandicus
Serripes groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786)
greenland smoothcockle
serripes groenlandicus
Serripes groenlandicus
Genypterus
golden kingklip
CEC1993:916
pink cusk-eel
Genypterus blacodes (Forster 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Genypterus blacodes (Schneider, 1801)
genypterus blacodes
kingklip, golden
Genypterus blacodes
Galloanserae
Sichuan takin
Budorcas taxicolor tibetana
vimba bream
CEC1993:359
vimba bream
Vimba vimba (Linnaeus, 1758)
vimba vimba
Vimba vimba
Rooibos, "red bush"; scientific name *Aspalathus linearis* is a broom-like member of the legume family of plants growing in South Africa's fynbos.
The generic name comes from the plant Calicotome villosa, aspalathos in Greek. This plant has very similar growth and flowers to the redbush. The specific name linearis comes from the plant's linear growing structure and needle-like leaves.
The plant is used to make a herbal tea called rooibos tea, bush tea (esp. Southern Africa), redbush tea (esp. UK), South African red tea, or red tea. The product has been popular in Southern Africa for generations and is now consumed in many countries. It is sometimes spelled rooibosch in accordance with the old Dutch etymology.
rooibos plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aspalathus_linearis
PLANTS:ASLI14
rooibos
Aspalathus linearis (Burm. f.) R. Dahlgren
Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren
aspalathus linearis
Aspalathus linearis
Sideritis
Agaricomycetes
Eriphia
smooth redeye crab
Eriphia sebana (Shaw & Nodder, 1803)
Eriphia sebana (Shaw and Nodder, 1803)
eriphia sebana
smooth redeyed crab
Eriphia sebana
speedwell family
Plantaginaceae
Ranina ranina
citron-melon
Citrullus amarus
Hemibagrus
Humulus lupulus var. lupulus
elk
wapiti
Cervus canadensis
blue tang surgeonfish
Acanthurus coeruleus
Mucuna pruriens
common sawfish
largetooth sawfish
Pristis pristis
The mung bean (*Vigna radiata*), alternatively known as the moong bean, green gram, or mung, mudga, is a plant species in the legume family. The mung bean is mainly cultivated in Pakistan, India, China, Korea, and Southeast Asia. It is used as an ingredient in both savory and sweet dishes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mung_bean]
mung bean plant
MANSFELD:27370
mung bean
Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek
Vigna radiata var. radiata
Vigna radiata var. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
golden gram bean
green gram bean
phaseolus aureus
vigna radiata
Vigna radiata
indian jujube plant
PLANTS:ZIMA
Chinese-date
Indian-plum
Zizyphus mauritiana
ber
beri
cottony jujube
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
ber
cottony jujuba
indian cherry
indian plum (ziziphus)
ziziphus abyssinicus
ziziphus mauritiana
ziziphus orthacantha
Ziziphus mauritiana
devilfish
CEC1993:112
devil fish
Mobula mobular (Bonnaterre, 1788)
mobula mobular
Mobula mobular
Chelydroidea
Americhelydia
Durocryptodira
Amusium pleuronectes
Trichopsis
large scaled flounder
Arnoglossus scapha
A species of croaker found in Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea occurring in shallow waters and sandy bottoms.
brown meagre
CEC1993:747
brown meagre
corb
Sciaena umbra Linnaeus, 1758
sciaena umbra
sea raven
Sciaena umbra
longfin tilapia
Oreochromis macrochir
Tordyliinae
curry leaf
Murraya koenigii
Limonia acidissima is the only species within the monotypic genus Limonia. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple.Limonia acidissima is a large tree growing to 9 metres (30 ft) tall, with rough, spiny bark.
Damion Dooley
wood apple plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonia_acidissima
PLANTS:LIAC5
Indian wood-apple
elephant-apple
Limonia acidissima L.
elephant apple
feronia limonia
indian wood apple
limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima
Mangifera minor
*Passiflora foetida* (common names: wild maracuja, bush passion fruit, marya-marya, wild water lemon, stinking passionflower, love-in-a-mist or running pop) is a species of passion flower that is native to the southwestern United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and much of South America. It has been introduced to tropical regions around the world, such as Southeast Asia and Hawaii. It is a creeping vine like other members of the genus, and yields an edible fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora_foetida]
fetid passionflower
PLANTS:PAFO2
Passiflora foetida L.
bush passionfruit
maya-maya
passiflora foetida
stinking passionflower
wild maracuja
wild watermelon
Passiflora foetida
purple passionflower plant
PLANTS:PAIN6
Passiflora incarnata L.
passiflora incarnata
Passiflora incarnata
wild rice
Zizania
A species of freshwater shrimp found in Asia that was first described in 1849.
oriental river prawn
Macrobrachium nipponense
oriental river prawn
Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849)
Macrobrachium nipponense
A species of shrimp widely distributed in Australia, occurring in northern Western Australia, New Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and the southern part of South Australia.
yabbie shrimp
Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis, 1950
macrobrachium australiense
Macrobrachium australiense
Potamoidea
Potamidae
Sillaginopsis domina
*Veronica officinalis* (heath speedwell, common gypsyweed, common speedwell, or Paul's betony) is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family *Plantaginaceae*. This speedwell grows in open areas, such as fields, meadows and gardens, where it is sometimes grown as an edible or medicinal herb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica_officinalis]
common speedwell plant
PLANTS:VEOF2
common speedwell
Veronica officinalis L.
common gypsyweed
veronica officinalis
Veronica officinalis
slender grouper
Anyperodon leucogrammicus
graysby
Cephalopholis cruentata
coney
FDA.RFE.2010:10
coney
Cephalopholis fulva
Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758)
cephalopholis fulva
Cephalopholis fulva
tomato hind
Cephalopholis sonnerati
darkfin hind
Cephalopholis urodeta
gulf coney
rooster hind
Epinephelus acanthistius
Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892)
coney, gulf
epinephelus acanthistius
rooster hind
Hyporthodus acanthistius
rock hind
Epinephelus adscensionis
spotted grouper
CEC1993:567
spotted grouper
Epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus (Gill, 1863)
Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863
epinephelus analogus
Epinephelus analogus
persian grouper
areolate grouper
Epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus areolatus
Epinephelus areolatus
speckled hind
Epinephelus drummondhayi
golden grouper
CEC1993:566
blacktip grouper
Epinephelus alexandrinus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775)
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus alexandrinus
epinephelus fasciatus
Epinephelus fasciatus
yellowedge grouper
Hyporthodus flavolimbatus
red hind
Epinephelus guttatus
jewfish
CEC1993:570
itajara
jewfish
Epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822)
epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus itajara
misty grouper
Hyporthodus mystacinus
Warsaw grouper
Hyporthodus nigritus
snowy grouper
star-studded grouper
Hyporthodus niphobles
snowy grouper
Hyporthodus niveatus
nassau grouper
CEC1993:574
Nassau grouper
Epinephelus striatus
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)
epinephelus striatus
Epinephelus striatus
wavy-lined grouper
Epinephelus undulosus
Gulf grouper
Mycteroperca jordani
scamp
scamp
Mycteroperca phenax
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan & Swain, 1884
Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and Swain, 1884
mycteroperca phenax
Mycteroperca phenax
Paranthias
Pacific creole-fish
Paranthias colonus
leopard coral trout
leopard coralgrouper
Plectropomus leopardus
yellowfin grouper
yellowfin grouper
Mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca venenosa
silver bream
surf bream
Acanthopagrus australis (Günther, 1859)
acanthopagrus australis
surf bream
Acanthopagrus australis
Chrysophylloideae
Sapotoideae
Hypoxis
northern pipefish
Syngnathus fuscus
brown tiger prawn
CEC1993:1205
Penaeus esculentus
Penaeus esculentus Haswell 1879
Penaeus esculentus Haswell, 1879
brown tiger shrimp
penaeus esculentus
Penaeus esculentus
redtail prawn
CEC1993:1212
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus
Fenneropenaeus penicillatus (Alcock, 1905)
Penaeus penicillatus Alcock, 1905
fenneropenaeus penicillatus
penaeus penicillatus
Penaeus penicillatus
western king prawn
CEC1993:1208
Melicertus latisulcatus
Melicertus latisulcatus (Kishinouye, 1896)
Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye, 1896
melicertus latisulcatus
melicertus latisulcatus latisulcatus
penaeus latisulcatus
Penaeus latisulcatus
eastern king prawn
Melicertus plebejus
Melicertus plebejus (Hess, 1865)
Penaeus plebejus Hess 1865
melicertus plebejus
ocean king prawn
penaeus plebejus
Penaeus plebejus
A cultivated plant of Beta vulgaris, a plant whose tuber contains a high concentration of sucrose. It is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other B. vulgaris cultivars such as beetroot and chard share a common wild ancestor, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris maritima).
MANSFELD:362
beet
beta vulgaris
beta vulgaris var. altissima
Beta vulgaris
malabar grouper
CEC1993:571
Malabar grouper
Epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
epinephelus malabaricus
Epinephelus malabaricus
velvet tamarind plant
PLANTS:DIGU2
Dialium guineense Willd.
dialium guineense
sierra leone tree
velvet berry
Dialium guineense
Molva
ling
CEC1993:456
common ling
ling
Molva molva
Molva molva (Linnaeus, 1758)
molva molva
Molva molva
phycid hakes
Phycidae
tadpole fish
CEC1993:462
tadpole fish
Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758)
forkbeard
raniceps raninus
Raniceps raninus
roundnose grenadier
Coryphaenoides rupestris
starspotted grouper
Epinephelus hexagonatus
Centrolophidae
Pampus
Arripidae
Arripis
australian ruff
Australian herring
Australian ruff
bull herring
ruff
sea herring
tommy rough
tommy ruff
western herring
Arripis georgianus
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes 1831)
Arripis georgianus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831)
arripis georgianus
Arripis georgianus
large-scaled grunter perch
largescale grunter
largescaled terapon
largescaled therapon
Terapon theraps
Oplegnathus
Kuhlia
Kyphosus
brassy chub
Kyphosus vaigiensis
blue seachub
Kyphosus cinerascens
Girella
Acacieae
Mimoseae
Alismatales
Genisteae
Phaseoleae
Trifolieae
Fabeae
Corvula
Pterotolithus
Basilichthys australis
Ylistrum japonicum
Bambusinae
Hordeinae
Andropogonodae
Melaleuca
Poeae Chloroplast Group 1 (Aveneae type)
APNI:3029293
wild grape plant
Ampelocissus frutescens Jackes
Ampelocissus frutescens
Brassica oleracea var. napobrassica
Solen
grand jackknife clam
grand razor shell
lorjuk
Solen grandis
American bird pepper
chilipiquin
chiltepe
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum
redfish
Centroberyx affinis
bight redfish
Centroberyx gerrardi
Shortfin scad (Layang scad) is a one of the most common fishes in Vietnam seas, and belongs to the species Decapterus macrosoma.
shortfin scad
layang scad
shortfin scad
Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851
decapterus macrosoma
Decapterus macrosoma
Potamonautidae
atlantic mudskipper
Atlantic mudskipper
Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766)
atlantic mudskipper
periophthalmus barbarus
Periophthalmus barbarus
Pseudapocryptes
walnut family
Juglandaceae
*Juglans* is a plant genus of the family *Juglandaceae*, the seeds of which are known as walnuts.
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans
2022-02-01T00:18:43Z
walnuts
juglans spp.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *WALNUT [B1290]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans
black walnut tree
PLANTS:JUNI
black walnut
Juglans nigra L.
juglans nigra
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the black walnut (drupe, seed) index both *BLACK WALNUT [B1533]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans nigra
southern pigfish
Congiopodus leucopaecilus
Schisandraceae
Piperales
pepper family
Piperaceae
lizard's-tail family
Saururaceae
Asclepiadoideae
Asclepiadeae
*Houttuynia cordata*, known as fish mint, fish leaf, lizard tail, chameleon plant, heartleaf, fishwort, and bishop's weed, is one of two species in the genus *Houttuynia* (the other being *H. emeiensis*), a flowering plant native to Japan, Korea, southern China, and Southeast Asia, where it grows in moist, shady places. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata]
chameleon-plant plant
PLANTS:HOCO3
chameleon-plant
dokudami
Houttuynia cordata Thunb.
fish mint
houttuynia
Houttuynia cordata
wu ye shu yu
Dioscorea pentaphylla
Pseudorhombus jenynsii
bullseye puffer
Sphoeroides annulatus
Gecarcinucidae
cannonball jelly
Stomolophus meleagris
brazilian pepper tree
BASIS:256
Brazilian peppertree
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi
christmas berry tree
schinus terebinthifolia
schinus terebinthifolius
Schinus terebinthifolia
Achyranthes
african mudfish
hingemouth
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger 1901
Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger, 1901
phractolaemus ansorgii
Phractolaemus ansorgii
*Tagetes minuta* - muster John Henry, southern marigold, Khakibos , stinking roger, wild marigold, or black mint, is a tall upright marigold plant from the genus *Tagetes*, with small flowers, native to the southern half of South America. It is used as a culinary herb in Peru, Ecuador, and parts of Chile and Bolivia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagetes_minuta]
muster john henry plant
PLANTS:TAMI3
Tagetes minuta L.
stinkweed
tagetes minuta
Tagetes minuta
Rubioideae
Ixoroideae
Gardenieae
Morindeae
Arecoideae
Coryphoideae
Areceae
Cocoseae
Attaleinae
Calameae
Borasseae
Acanthocardia aculeata
Myrtoideae
Myrteae
Mitragyna
argentines
herring smelts
Argentinidae
deepsea smelt
Glossanodon semifasciatus
cucumberfish
Retropinna retropinna
Brevibacterium linens
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. M. speciosa is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in traditional medicines since at least the nineteenth century. Kratom has opioid properties and some stimulant-like effects.
kratom
2019-08-09T03:44:09Z
kratom
Mitragyna speciosa
Malpighia
Pimenta group
black dogfish
Centroscyllium fabricii
darkie charlie
CEC1993:59
kitefin shark
Dalatias licha (Bonnaterre, 1788)
dalatias licha
kitefin shark
Dalatias licha
shovelnose guitarfish
Pseudobatos productus
pacific angel shark
Pacific angelshark
Squatina californica
Squatina californica Ayres, 1859
california angel shark
monkfish
northern angelshark
pacific angelshark
squatina californica
Squatina californica
* Primula veris* (cowslip, common cowslip, cowslip primrose; syn. *Primula officinalis* Hill) is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the primrose family *Primulaceae*. Cowslip leaves have been traditionally used in Spanish cooking as a salad green. Uses in English cookery include using the flowers to flavor country wine and vinegars; sugaring to be a sweet or eaten as part of a composed salad [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primula_veris]
cowslip plant
PLANTS:PRVE2
cowslip
Primula veris L.
primula officinalis
primula veris
Primula veris
The kaffir lime (*Citrus × hystrix*, *Rutaceae*) is also known as combava, kieffer lime, limau purut, jeruk purut or makrut lime, Kabuyao (Cabuyao). It is a lime native to Indochinese and Malesian ecoregions in India, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, and adjacent countries. It is used in Southeast Asian cuisine.
kaffir lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_hystrix
PLANTS:CIHY2
Makrut lime
Mauritius papeda
Thai lime
Citrus hystrix DC.
citrus hystrix
mauritius papeda
papeda
Citrus hystrix
Quillajaceae
Hyperoglyphe
Rangpur, Citrus × limonia, also known as lemandarin, is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon. It is a citrus fruit with a very acidic taste and an orange peel and flesh.
mandarin lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Mandarin_Lime
PLANTS:CILI3
Canton lemon
Rangpur lime
hime lemon
lemandarin
li meng
mandarin lime
sharbati
surkh nimboo
yi mu zi
Citrus X limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
Citrus limonia Osbeck
Citrus ×limonia Osbeck (pro sp.)
citrus × limonia
lemandarin
Citrus limonia
The citron (*Citrus medica*) is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes.
citron plant
MANSFELD:7611
PLANTS:CIME3
Buddha's hand
citron
etrog
Citrus medica L.
Citrus medica L. var. medica
citrus medica
Citrus medica
dwarf sturgeon
Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni
yellowleg shrimp
CEC1993:1202
Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900)
Penaeus californiensis Holmes, 1900
farfantepenaeus californiensis
penaeus californiensis
Penaeus californiensis
large-tooth flounders
Paralichthyidae
Pseudorhombus
Amygdaloideae
Rosoideae
The cashew is a tree in the family *Anacardiaceae*. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.
The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as "marañón", it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5 to 11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong "sweet" smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, but the skin is fragile, making it unsuitable for transport. In Latin America, a fruit drink is made from the cashew apple pulp which has a very refreshing taste and tropical flavor that can be described as having notes of mango, raw green pepper, and just a little hint of grapefruit-like citrus. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the pedicel expands into the cashew apple. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the nut of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid, a potent skin irritant chemically related to the more well known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy. Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin, but it must be done outdoors as the smoke (not unlike that from burning poison ivy) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe, sometimes life-threatening, reactions by irritating the lungs.
cashew plant
WIKIPEDIA:Anacardium_occidentale
IT IS:28793
MANSFELD:28212
PLANTS:ANOC
cashew
maranon
Anacardium occidentale L.
anacardium occidentale
cashew apple
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PECAN [B1221]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Anacardium occidentale
sudangrass plant
Sorghum bicolor nothosp. drummondii
Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor x Sorghum bicolor subsp. verticilliflorum
Sorghum bicolor subsp. x drummondii
Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum arundinaceum
Sudan grass
chicken-corn
shattercane
Sorghum X drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase
sorghum x drummondii
*Sorghum × drummondii* (Sudangrass), is a hybrid-derived species of grass raised for forage and grain, native to tropical and subtropical regions of Eastern Africa. The plant is cultivated in Southern Europe, South America, Central America, North America and Southern Asia, for forage or as a cover crop. It is distinguished from the grain sorghum (*Sorghum bicolor*) by the grain (caryopsis) not being exposed at maturity.
Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii
The saguaro (*Carnegiea gigantea*) is an arborescent (tree-like) cactus species in the monotypic genus *Carnegiea*, which can grow to be over 40 feet (12 m) tall. It is native to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, the Mexican State of Sonora, and the Whipple Mountains and Imperial County areas of California.
The ruby red fruits are 2.4 to 3.5 inches (6 to 9 cm) long and ripen in June. Each fruit contains around 2,000 seeds plus sweet fleshy connective tissue. The fruits are edible and prized by local people. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saguaro]
saguaro plant
PLANTS:CAGI10
saguaro
Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose
carnegiea gigantea
Carnegiea gigantea
Centaurium erythraea is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common names common centaury and European centaury. The European centaury is used as a medical herb in many parts of Europe.The herb, mainly prepared as tea, is thought to possess medical properties beneficial for patients with gastric and liver diseases. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurium_erythraea]
european centaury plant
PLANTS:CEER5
Centaurium erythraea Rafn
centaurium erythraea
common centaury
Centaurium erythraea
*Tilia cordata* is a species of *Tilia* native to much of Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_cordata]
littleleaf linden plant
MANSFELD:4863
PLANTS:TICO2
Small-leaf linden
littleleaf linden
small-leaved lime
small-leaved linden
tilia cordata
Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia cordata
Argyrosomus
meagre
CEC1993:709
meagre
Argyrosomus regius
Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)
sciaena aquila
Argyrosomus regius
english sole
FDA.RFE.2010:50
English sole
Parophrys vetulus
Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854
parophrys vetulus
sole, english
Parophrys vetulus
kelp bass
Paralabrax clathratus
Aurantioideae
mud carp
Cirrhinus molitorella
winter skate
CEC1993:97
winter skate
Leucoraja ocellata
Leucoraja ocellata (Mitchill, 1815)
Raja ocellata Mitchill, 1815
big skate
eyed skate
leucoraja ocellata
raja ocellata
Leucoraja ocellata
turkey wing
Arca zebra
Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833)
arca zebra
Arca zebra
roosterfish
Nematistius pectoralis
Pacific crevalle jack
Caranx caninus
blue runner
CEC1993:627
blue runner
Caranx crysos
Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815)
caranx crysos
caranx fusus
Caranx crysos
yellowstripe scad
Selaroides leptolepis
crevalle jack
Caranx hippos
green jack
green jack
Caranx caballus
Caranx caballus Günther, 1868
caranx caballus
jack, green
jurel (green jack)
jurel bonito
Caranx caballus
cocinero
Caranx vinctus
bar jack
CEC1993:630
bar jack
Carangoides ruber
Carangoides ruber (Bloch, 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793)
Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793)
carangoides ruber
caranx ruber
carrang
Carangoides ruber
Uraspis
whitemouth jack
Uraspis helvola
yellow jack
yellow jack
Carangoides bartholomaei
Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833
carangoides bartholomaei
caranx bartholomaei
Carangoides bartholomaei
Almaco jack
Seriola rivoliana
round scad
round scad
Decapterus punctatus
Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier, 1829)
decapterus punctatus
Decapterus punctatus
Elagatis
rainbow runner
CEC1993:638
Decapterus sp. BIN12386
Decapterus sp. MVM-2010-1
rainbow runner
Elagatis bipinnulata
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)
elagatis bipinnulata
Elagatis bipinnulata
Chloroscombrus
Atlantic bumper
Chloroscombrus chrysurus
Trachinotus
permit
Trachinotus falcatus
gafftopsail pompano
Trachinotus rhodopus
palometa
palometa
Trachinotus goodei
Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann, 1896
garrick
glaucus
great pompano
trachinotus glaucus
Trachinotus goodei
banded rudderfish
Seriola zonata
Pacific bumper
Chloroscombrus orqueta
derbio
Trachinotus ovatus
florida pompano
CEC1993:654
Florida pompano
Trachinotus carolinus
Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)
common pompano
trachinotus carolinus
Trachinotus carolinus
Oligoplites
leatherjacket
leatherjack
Oligoplites saurus
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Oligoplites saurus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
oligoplites saurus
Oligoplites saurus
bigeye trevally
Caranx sexfasciatus
Trichiurinae
Tucetona
roughear scad
Decapterus tabl
Mytilus chilensis
Dacryodes
kodo millet plant
PLANTS:PASC6
PLANTS:PASCB
Paspalum scrobiculatum L.
Paspalum scrobiculatum L. var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. bispicatum Hack.
Paspalum scrobiculatum var. scrobiculatum
indian paspalum
koda millet
kodra millet
paspalum scrobiculatum
ricegrass
ricegrass paspalum
Paspalum scrobiculatum
*Amorphophallus paeoniifolius*, the Elephant foot yam or Whitespot giant arum or Stink lily, is a tropical tuber crop that offers excellent scope for adoption in the tropical countries as a cash crop due to its production potential and popularity as a vegetable in various delicious cuisines.
whitespot giant arum plant
WIKIPEDIA:Amorphophallus_paeoniifolius
PLANTS:AMPA13
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson
amorphophallus paeoniifolius
elephant foot yam
elephant yam
telinga-potato
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
*Monstera deliciosa* is a species of flowering plant native to tropical forests of southern Mexico. Common names include fruit salad plant, fruit salad tree (in reference to its edible fruit, which tastes similar to a fruit salad), ceriman, Swiss cheese plant (or just cheese plant), monster fruit, monsterio delicio, monstereo, Mexican breadfruit, windowleaf, balazo, and Penglai banana.
The fruit of *Monstera deliciosa* is up to 25 cm long and 3-4 cm diameter, looking like a green ear of maize covered with hexagonal scales.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monstera_deliciosa]
tarovine plant
PLANTS:MODE
Swiss-cheese-plant
cut-leaf-philodendron
harpon
Monstera deliciosa Liebm.
mexican-breadfruit
monstera deliciosa
Monstera deliciosa
Lithodes
golden king crab
Lithodes aequispina Benedict 1894
Lithodes aequispinus
Lithodes aequispinus J. E. Benedict, 1895
lithodes aequispina
Lithodes aequispinus
stone king crab
CEC1993:1293
Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758)
lithodes maia
lithodes maja
norway king crab
Lithodes maja
Lithodes santolla
hanasaki crab
Paralithodes brevipes
Paralithodes brevipes (Benedict, 1894)
Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, 1841)
brown king crab
paralithodes brevipes
Paralithodes brevipes
Paralomis granulosa
*Polygala senega* is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family, *Polygalaceae*. It is native to North America, where it is distributed in southern Canada and the central and eastern United States. Its common names include Seneca snakeroot, senega snakeroot, senegaroot, rattlesnake root, and mountain flax. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygala_senega]
seneca snakeroot plant
PLANTS:POSE3
Seneca snakeroot
Polygala senega L.
mountain flax
polygala senega
rattlesnake root
senega snakeroot
senegaroot
Polygala senega
*Ribes divaricatum* is a species of in the genus *Ribes* found in the forests, woodlands, and coastal scrub of western North America from British Columbia to California
common names include coast black gooseberry, wild gooseberry and, in the UK, Worcesterberry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes_divaricatum]
worcesterberry plant
PLANTS:RIDI
coast gooseberry
Ribes divaricatum Douglas
ribes divaricatum
spreading gooseberry
Ribes divaricatum
*Ribes glandulosum*, the skunk currant, is a North American species of flowering plant in the currant family.
PLANTS:RIGL
fetid currant
fetid currant
skunk currant
skunk currant
Ribes glandulosum Grauer
Ribes glandulosum
The redcurrant, or red currant (*Ribes rubrum*) is a member of the genus *Ribes* in the gooseberry family. It is native across western Europe.
red currant plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redcurrant
MANSFELD:17064
PLANTS:RIRU80
northern red currant
red currant
Ribes rubrum L.
cultivated currant
garden currant
garnetberry
redcurrant
ribes ruburm
ribes sativum
ribes sylvestre
Ribes rubrum
weakfish
CEC1993:717
gray seatrout
gray weakfish
Cynoscion regalis
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
acaupa
cynoscion regalis
cynoscion acoupa
gray weakfish
Cynoscion regalis
foxface
Siganus vulpinus
elongate surgeonfish
Acanthurus mata
convict surgeonfish
Acanthurus triostegus
bluespine unicornfish
Naso unicornis
Typhonium
Bagarius
goonch
Bagarius yarrelli
northern brushtail possum
MSW3:11000085
Northern Brushtail Possum
Trichosurus arnhemensis Collett, 1897
trichosurus arnhemensis
Trichosurus arnhemensis
Romaine lettuce
Lactuca sativa var. longifolia
high G+C Gram-positive bacteria
Actinomycetes
dragon fruit
Selenicereus undatus
Crepidula fornicata
Iphigenia
Iphigenia <monocots>
Coenobitidae
orange-fin labeo
Labeo calbasu
Syzygium
Terrabacteria group
branching bush kale
perennial kale
Brassica oleracea var. ramosa
marrow-stem kale plant
Brassica oleracea L. var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea L., convar, acephala (D.C.) Alef, var. medullosa Thell.
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Thell.
marrow-stem cabbage
marrow-stem kale
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa
Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
Amphioctopus membranaceus
Alectis
alexandria pompano
CEC1993:624
African threadfish
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
alectis alexandrinus
Alectis alexandrina
african pompano
African pompano
Alectis ciliaris
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)
alectis ciliaris
threadfish
Alectis ciliaris
Carangoides
cojinoba
cojinova
jurel chicuaca
threadfin jack
Carangoides otrynter
Selene
Pacific moonfish
Selene peruviana
Atlantic moonfish
Selene setapinnis
lookdown
Selene vomer
rough scad
CEC1993:659
rough scad
Trachurus lathami
Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920
trachurus lathami
Trachurus lathami
fourspotted megrim
Lepidorhombus boscii
dogtooth grouper
CEC1993:568
dogtooth grouper
Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843)
epinephelus caninus
Epinephelus caninus
*Epinephelus marginatus* (dusky grouper, merou) is the best known grouper of the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa coast. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephelus_marginatus]
dusky sea perch
CEC1993:569
dusky grouper
Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus, 1758)
Epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834)
epinephelus gigas
epinephelus guaza
epinephelus marginatus
Epinephelus marginatus
white grouper
CEC1993:565
white grouper
Epinephelus aeneus
Epinephelus aeneus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817)
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1817)
epinephelus aeneus
Epinephelus aeneus
purple dye murex
Bolinus brandaris
shiso
Perilla frutescens var. crispa
Mammea
Chenopodiaceae
Tetronarce
bilberry plant
MANSFELD:18352
PLANTS:VAMY2
bilberry
whortleberry
Vaccinium myrtillus L.
vaccinium myrtillus
whinberry
whortleberry
Vaccinium myrtillus
*Vaccinium parvifolium* (Red Huckleberry) is a species of *Vaccinium* native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Indigenous peoples found the plant and its fruit very useful. The bright red, acidic berries were used extensively for food throughout the year.
red huckleberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_parvifolium
PLANTS:VAPA
red-huckleberry
Vaccinium parvifolium Sm.
vaccinium parvifolium
Vaccinium parvifolium
Vaccinium reticulatum, known as ʻōhelo ʻai in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.
Damion Dooley
oheloberry plant
PLANTS:VARE
ʻōhelo ʻai
Vaccinium reticulatum Sm.
vaccinium reticulatum
Vaccinium reticulatum
cowberry
lingenberry
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
fairy-ring mushroom
Marasmius oreades
*Lithospermum arvense*, the field gromwell, corn gromwell, or bastard alkanet, is a flowering plant of the family *Boraginaceae*. It is also known as *Buglossoides arvensis*. The European Union has granted the refined oil of the seed of *Buglossoides arvensis* novel food status and some farmers are growing it. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithospermum_arvense]
corn gromwell plant
PLANTS:BUAR3
corn gromwell
pigeonweed
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnst.
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst.
Lithospermum arvense L.
buglossoides arvensis
field gromwell
lithospermum arvense
Buglossoides arvensis
*Cordia myxa* is a species of flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It is a medium-sized broad-leaved deciduous tree. Common names include Assyrian plum, lasura, pidar, panugeri, naruvilli, geduri, spistan, burgund dulu wanan and ntege.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordia_myxa]
assyrian plum plant
PLANTS:COMY
Assyrian plum
Assyrian-plum
Sudan teak
sapistan
Cordia myxa L.
burgund dudu
cordia myxa
geduri
lasura
naruvilli
ntege
panugeri
pidar
sebestan tree
spistan
Cordia myxa
Ophidiinae
Japanese codling
Physiculus japonicus
Allocyttus
black oreo dory
black oreo
Allocyttus niger
Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988
Allocyttus niger James, Inada and Nakamura, 1988
allocyttus niger
oreo dory, black
Allocyttus niger
Neocyttus
bluefin trevally
Caranx melampygus
rovers
Emmelichthyidae
liberty cap
Psilocybe semilanceata
benjamin tree
PLANTS:FIBE
Java fig
benjamin-tree
Ficus benjamina L.
ficus benjamina
java fig
javatree
Ficus benjamina
sycamore fig plant
PLANTS:FISY2
mulberry fig
sycamore fig
Ficus sycomorus L.
egyptian sycamore
ficus gnaphalocarpa
ficus sycomorus
ficus trachophylla
mulberry fig
sycomorus ghaphalocarpa
Ficus sycomorus
Muraeninae
Osmerinae
icefishes
noodlefishes
Salangidae
bandtooth conger
Ariosoma balearicum
Pacific ladyfish
Elops affinis
Hoplunnis
spotted pike-conger
Hoplunnis tenuis
Boletus reticulatus
Gymnocranius
blue-lined large-eye bream
Gymnocranius grandoculis
Atlantic emperor
Lethrinus atlanticus
orange-spotted emperor
Lethrinus erythracanthus
thumbprint emperor
Lethrinus harak
pink ear emperor
Lethrinus lentjan
smalltooth emperor
Lethrinus microdon
spangled emperor
Lethrinus nebulosus
Mozambique large-eye bream
Wattsia mossambica
Paracaesio kusakarii
mediterranean starry ray
CEC1993:94
starry ray
Raja asterias Delaroche 1809
Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
raja asterias
Raja asterias
brown ray
brown ray
Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
raja miraletus
Raja miraletus
long-nosed skate
longnosed skate
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758
dipturus oxyrinchus
long-nose skate
raja oxyrinchus
Dipturus oxyrinchus
undulate ray
CEC1993:100
undulate ray
Raja undulata Lacepede, 1802
Raja undulata Lacepède, 1802
Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802
marbled ray
painted ray
raja undulata
Raja undulata
Cribroheros
Abelmoschus
The aibika (*Abelmoschus manihot*) is a flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae. It was formerly considered a species of *Hibiscus*, but is now classified in the genus *Abelmoschus*. The plant is also known as the sunset muskmallow, sunset hibiscus, or hibiscus manihot.
In Japanese, this plant is known as tororo aoi and is used to make neri, a starchy substance used in making washi. In Korean, this plant is known as hwang chok kyu and is used to make dak pul, which assists in making hanji.
sunset muskmallow plant
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_manihot
PLANTS:ABMA9
aibika
mbele
sunset-hibiscus
Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik.
abelmoschus manihot
aibika
hibiscus manihot
sunset hibiscus
Abelmoschus manihot
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a species of Hibiscus probably native to West Africa, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion, in which it may be known as carcade.
roselle plant
The roselle (*Hibiscus sabdariffa*) is a species of Hibiscus native to the Old World tropics, used for the production of bast fibre and as an infusion. It is an annual or perennial herb or woody-based subshrub, growing to 2-2.5 m (7-8 ft) tall. The leaves are deeply three- to five-lobed, 8-15 cm (3-6 in) long, arranged alternately on the stems.
The flowers are 8-10 cm (3-4 in) in diameter, white to pale yellow with a dark red spot at the base of each petal, and have a stout fleshy calyx at the base, 1-2 cm (0.39-0.79 in) wide, enlarging to 3-3.5 cm (1.2-1.4 in), fleshy and bright red as the fruit matures. It takes about six months to mature. [Wikipedia]
MANSFELD:13432
PLANTS:HISA2
Sorrel of Guinea
guinea-wort
hibiscus sabdariffa
jamaica sorrel
red sorrel
red-sorrel
roselle
sereni
Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Hibiscus sabdariffa
four-spot flounder
CEC1993:1108
American fourspot flounder
Hippoglossina oblonga
Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill, 1815)
Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill, 1815)
paralichthys oblongus
Hippoglossina oblonga
Peprilus
A fish of the family Stromateidae.
Damion Dooley
American butterfish
CEC1993:1024
American butterfish
Atlantic butterfish
Peprilus triacanthus
dollar fish
peprilus triacanthus
pumpkin scad
sheephead
Peprilus triacanthus
Peprilus triacanthus (Peck, 1804)
Peprilus triacanthus (Peek, 1804)
Peprilus triacanthus
windowpane
Scophthalmus aquosus
Urophycis
red hake
CEC1993:469
red hake
Urophycis chuss
Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792)
urophycis chuss
Urophycis chuss
white hake
CEC1993:470
FDA.RFE.2010:92
white hake
Urophycis tenuis
Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill, 1814)
hake, white
urophycis tenuis
Urophycis tenuis
*Eucalyptus gamophylla*, commonly known as warilu, blue-leaved mallee, blue desert mallee or the twin-leaved mallee, is a mallee that is native to Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_gamophylla]
blue mallee plant
PLANTS:EUGA4
Eucalyptus gamophylla F. Muell.
blue desert mallee
blue-leaf mallee
eucalyptus gamophylla
twin-leaf mallee
warilu
Eucalyptus gamophylla
Triplofusus giganteus
Chayote (Sechium edule) is an edible plant belonging to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae.
chayote plant
PLANTS:SEED
chayote
christophine
pipinela
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.
choko
christophine
mirliton squash plant
sechium edule
Sicyos edulis
american sand lance
CEC1993:921
American sand lance
Ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes americanus De Kay, 1842
Ammodytes americanus DeKay, 1842
ammodytes americanus
Ammodytes americanus
Ganges river sprat
Corica soborna
Centropristis
black sea bass
CEC1993:563
black sea bass
black seabass
Centropristis striata
Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
blackfish
centropristis striata
sea bass, black
Centropristis striata
Diplectrum
peruvian sea bass
southern rock bass
Paralabrax callaensis
Paralabrax callaensis Starks, 1906
paralabrax callaensis
sea bass, peruvian
Paralabrax callaensis
giant sea bass
CEC1993:584
giant sea bass
Stereolepis gigas
Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859
sea bass, giant
stereolepis gigas
Stereolepis gigas
Esox americanus
chain pickerel
CEC1993:284
chain pickerel
Esox niger
Esox niger Lesueur, 1818
eastern pickerel
esox niger
esox reticulatus
Esox niger
european anchovy
CEC1993:215
European anchovy
Engraulis encrasicolus
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchovy
engraulis encrasiolus
Engraulis encrasicolus
areca-nut
betel palm
catechu
pinang
Areca catechu
desert indianwheat plant
PLANTS:PLOV
blond psyllium
ispaghul
Plantago ovata Forsk.
Plantago ovata Forssk.
blond psyllium
pantago ovata
Plantago ovata
grass pickerel
Esox americanus vermiculatus
*Apios americana*, sometimes called the potato bean, hopniss, Indian potato, hodoimo, America-hodoimo, American groundnut, or groundnut (but not to be confused with other plants sometimes known by the name groundnut) is a perennial vine that bears edible beans and large edible tubers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apios_americana]
potatobean plant
PLANTS:APAM
American potatobean
Apios americana Medik.
american groundnut
american potato-bean
apios americana
Apios americana
Arctogadus
East Siberian cod
Arctogadus borisovi
arctic cod
Arctic cod
Arctogadus glacialis
Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872)
arctogadus glacialis
Arctogadus glacialis
blue ling
CEC1993:454
Molva dipterygia
blue ling
Molva dipterygia dipterygia (Pennant, 1784)
Molva dypterygia
Molva dypterygia (Pennant, 1784)
molva dypterygia
Molva dypterygia
european pollock
CEC1993:460
pollack
Pollachius pollachius
Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus, 1758)
green pollack
pollachius pollachius
pollack lythe
pollock
Pollachius pollachius
Pterois
red lionfish
Pterois volitans
Cactoideae
Ruditapes
Polyodontinae
Acipenseroidei
Actinopteri
Clupeocephala
Otophysi
Characiphysae
Otomorpha
Scombrinae
Scombrini
Scomberomorini
Sardini
Thunnini
Eubacteriales
Haliporoides triarthrus
2022-01-08T05:42:22Z
fuki
Petasites japonica
butterbur plant
fuki plant
Petasites japonicus
Slender emperor
Lethrinus variegatus
Boraginoideae
Lithospermeae
midnight parrotfish
Scarus coelestinus
bicolor parrotfish
bicolour parrotfish
Cetoscarus bicolor
green humphead parrotfish
Bolbometopon muricatum
Caroline's parrotfish
Calotomus carolinus
Beringraja
Morone saxatilis x chrysops
Morone saxatilis x Morone chrysops
Emilia
offshore jack mackerel
CEC1993:662
blue jack mackerel
Trachurus picturatus
Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825)
blue jack mackerel
blue scad
trachurus picturatus
Trachurus picturatus
Echidna
Bathycongrus
american dewberry plant
PLANTS:RUFL
American dewberry
northern dewberry
Rubus flagellaris Willd.
rubus flagellaris
Rubus flagellaris
Vaccinium deliciosum
Vaccinium membranaceum
*Vaccinium ovalifolium* (commonly known as Alaska blueberry, early blueberry, oval-leaf bilberry, oval-leaf blueberry, and oval-leaf huckleberry) is a plant in the heath family having three varieties, all of which grow in northerly regions, including the subarctic.
alaska blueberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vaccinium_ovalifolium
PLANTS:VAAL3
PLANTS:VAOV
alaska blueberry
oval-leaf bilberry
oval-leaf blueberry
oval-leaf huckleberry
vaccinium alaskaense
vaccinium ovalifolium
Vaccinium alaskaense Howell
Vaccinium alaskaense T.J. Howell
Vaccinium ovalifolium Sm.
Vaccinium ovalifolium
bog bilberry plant
MANSFELD:18312
PLANTS:VAUL
bog bilberry
bog bilberry
bog blueberry
Vaccinium uliginosum L.
bog blueberry
vaccinium uliginosum
Vaccinium uliginosum
The flying barbs are freshwater fish in the genus Esomus, native to South and Mainland Southeast Asia. They are closely related to the genus Danio and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels.
Flying barb fish
2019-08-08T08:15:15Z
Esomus danrica
flying barb
Esomus danrica
goldfoil barb
tinfoil barb
Barbonymus schwanefeldii
*Mentha aquatica* (water mint; syn. *Mentha hirsuta* Huds.) is a perennial flowering plant in the mint family *Lamiaceae*. It grows in moist places and is native to much of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha_aquatica]
water mint plant
PLANTS:MEAQ
water mint
Mentha aquatica L.
mentha aquatica
mentha hirsuta
Mentha aquatica
black crowberry plant
PLANTS:EMNI
PLANTS:EMNIH
PLANTS:EMNIN
black crowberry
crakeberry
curlew-berry
Empetrum nigrum L.
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. hermaphroditum (Lange ex Hagerup) Böcher
Empetrum nigrum L. ssp. nigrum
empetrum nigrum
Empetrum nigrum
Gorean snapper
Lutjanus goreensis
Colistium guntheri
black-bellied angler
CEC1993:1181
black-bellied angler
Lophius budegassa Spinola, 1807
lophius budegassa
Lophius budegassa
Channomuraena vittata
Somniosus
greenland shark
CEC1993:62
Greenland shark
Greenland sleeper shark
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
ground shark
sleeper shark
somniosus microcephalus
Somniosus microcephalus
Lepidium
Cucumis melo var. saccharinus
masked greenling
Hexagrammos octogrammus
rock greenling
Hexagrammos lagocephalus
whitespotted greenling
Hexagrammos stelleri
Atka mackerel
Pleurogrammus monopterygius
chilean horse mackerel
CEC1993:661
Inca scad
Trachurus murphyi
Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920
inca scad
trachurus murphyi
Trachurus murphyi
Annoneae
blackspot sergeant
Abudefduf sordidus
Aronia
fire thorn plant
PLANTS:PYCO2
scarlet firethorn
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.
Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer
Pyracantha coccinea M.Roem.
pyracantha coccinea
Pyracantha coccinea
*Hippophae rhamnoides*, also known as common sea buckthorn is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, native to the cold-temperate regions of Europe and Asia. It is a spiny deciduous shrub.
*H. rhamnoides* is a very versatile plant and the fruits as well as the leaves can be used. The fruits are processed and then used in the food industry, in traditional medicine, as part of drugs or in the cosmetic industry. The leaves can be used as feed, particularly for ruminants. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides]
sea buckthorn plant
PLANTS:HIRH80
hippophae rhamnoides
sallowthorn
sea buckthorn
sea-buckthorn
Hippophae rhamnoides L.
Hippophae rhamnoides
Syr Darya sturgeon
Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi
indian mustard plant
2020-09-09T15:12:38Z
Brassica juncea subsp. integrifolia
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a species of flowering tree in the mulberry and jackfruit family (Moraceae) originating in the South Pacific and eventually spreading to the rest of Oceania.
breadfruit plant
PLANTS:ARAL7
breadfruit
Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg
artocarpus altilis
artocarpus incisa
Artocarpus altilis
*Brosimum alicastrum*, the breadnut or Maya nut, is a Brosimum tree species under the *Moraceae* family of flowering plants, whose other genera include fig and mulberries The plant is known by a range of names in indigenous Mesoamerican and other languages, including but not limited to: ramon,ojoche, ojite, ojushte, ujushte, ujuxte, capomo, mojo, ox, iximche , masica' in Honduras 'and uje in Michoacan Mexico. The fruit, the breadnut, is extremely high in fiber, calcium, potassium, folic acid, iron, zinc, protein and B vitamins. It has a low glycemic index (<50) and is very high in antioxidants. The fresh seeds can be cooked and eaten or can be set out to dry in the sun to roast and eaten later. Stewed the nut tastes like mashed potato, roasted it tastes like chocolate or coffee and can be prepared in numerous other dishes. In Petén, Guatemala, the breadnut is being cultivated for exportation and local consumption as powder, for hot beverages, and bread.
breadnut plant
WIKIPEDIA:Brosimum_alicastrum
PLANTS:BRAL3
Brosimum alicastrum Sw.
brosimum alicastrum
maya nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit index both *BREADNUT [B1722]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Brosimum alicastrum
Pristipomoides macrophthalmus
great hammerhead
great hammerhead
Sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837)
hammerhead, great
sphyrna mokarran
Sphyrna mokarran
smooth hammerhead
CEC1993:47
smooth hammerhead
Sphyrna zygaena
Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)
hammerhead, smooth
sphyrna zygaena
Sphyrna zygaena
Kobe sole
milky spotted sole
Aseraggodes kobensis
petrale sole
CEC1993:1113
FDA.RFE.2010:15
Petrale sole
Eopsetta jordani
Eopsetta jordani (Lockington, 1879)
eopsetta jordani
sole, petrale
Eopsetta jordani
rex sole
CEC1993:1115
FDA.RFE.2010:20
Rex sole
Glyptocephalus zachirus
Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, 1879
glyptocephalus zachirus
Glyptocephalus zachirus
pacific halibut
CEC1993:1120
Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis
Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904
halibut, pacific
hippoglossus stenolepis
Hippoglossus stenolepis
butter sole
butter sole
Isopsetta isolepis
Isopsetta isolepis (Lockington, 1880)
isopsetta isolepis
pleuronectes isolepis
sole, butter
Isopsetta isolepis
Lepidopsetta
rock sole
CEC1993:1121
rock sole
Lepidopsetta bilineata
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres 1855)
Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ayres, 1855)
lepidopsetta bilineata
sole, rock
Lepidopsetta bilineata
yellowfin sole
CEC1993:1122
yellowfin sole
Limanda aspera
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1811)
Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814)
Limanda aspera Pallas, 1814
limanda aspera
sole, yellowfin
Limanda aspera
slender sole
slender sole
Lyopsetta exilis
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Lyopsetta exilis (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
lyopsetta exilis
sole, slender
Lyopsetta exilis
starry flounder
CEC1993:1130
FDA.RFE.2010:51
starry flounder
Platichthys stellatus
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1787)
Platichthys stellatus (Pallas, 1788)
flounder, starry
platichthys stellatus
Platichthys stellatus
Pleuronichthys
hornyhead turbot
Pleuronichthys verticalis
sand sole
Pacific sand sole
Psettichthys melanostictus
Psettichthys melanostictus Girard, 1854
fringe sole
psettichthys melanostictus
sole, sand
Psettichthys melanostictus
indian ocean flounder
CEC1993:1100
Indian spiny turbot
Psettodes erumei
Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Psettodes erumei (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
flounder, indian ocean
indian halibut
psettodes erumei
Psettodes erumei
fivespot flounder
Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus
kamchatka flounder
CEC1993:1110
Kamchatka flounder
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan & Starks 1904
Atheresthes evermanni Jordan and Starks, 1904
Reinhardtius evermanni
Reinhardtius evermanni (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
atheresthes evermanni
flounder, kamchatka
Atheresthes evermanni
Achiridae
Trinectes
hogchoker
hogchoker
Trinectes maculatus
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
trinectes maculatus
Trinectes maculatus
fantail sole
Xystreurys liolepis
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Xystreurys liolepis Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
sole, fantail
xystreurys liolepis
Xystreurys liolepis
spanish sardine
round sardinella
Sardinella aurita
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847
sardine, spanish
sardinella anchovia
sardinella aurita
Sardinella aurita
short-body sardinella
CEC1993:191
Madeiran sardinella
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838)
Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1839)
sardinella maderensis
Sardinella maderensis
Sprattus
European sprat
Sprattus sprattus
Cassia clade
*Neptunia oleracea*, commonly known in English as water mimosa or sensitive neptunia, is pantropical nitrogen-fixing perennial legume. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunia_oleracea]
water mimosa plant
Neptunia oleracea Lour.
neptunia prostrata
Neptunia oleracea
northern redhorse
shorthead redhorse
Moxostoma macrolepidotum
Gardenieae complex
white river crayfish
Procambarus acutus
Procambarus acutus (Girard 1852)
Procambarus acutus (Girard, 1852)
procambarus acutus
white crawfish
Procambarus acutus
Hoodia
Hoodia gordonii
Cyclocybe aegerita
slender lizardfish
Saurida elongata
Chlorophthalmus albatrossis
Pancrustacea
yellowfin scad
Atule mate
oxeye scad
oxeye scad
Selar boops (Cuvier 1833)
Selar boops (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
selar boops
Selar boops
Sapindoideae
african plantain plant
French psyllium
sand plantain
Plantago afra L.
Plantago psyllium L.
plantago afra
plantago psyllium
psyllium
Plantago indica
small european locust lobster
CEC1993:1291
Scyllarus arctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lesser slipper lobster
scyllarus arctus
Scyllarus arctus
common spiny lobster
CEC1993:1253
Palinurus elephas
Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787)
palinurus elephas
palinurus vulgaris
Palinurus elephas
natal spiny lobster
CEC1993:1252
Palinurus delagoae
Palinurus delagoae Barnard, 1926
palinurus delagoae
Palinurus delagoae
gilchrist spiny lobster
CEC1993:1254
Palinurus gilchristi
Palinurus gilchristi Stebbing, 1900
palinurus gilchristi
southern spiny lobster
Palinurus gilchristi
A species of ray in the family Mobulidae, and the largest type of ray in the world.
Damion Dooley
giant oceanic manta ray
CEC1993:110
atlantic manta
giant devil ray
giant manta
Manta birostris
Manta birostris (Donndorff, 1798)
Manta birostris (Walbaum, 1792)
manta birostris
Until 2017, giant mantas were classified in the genus Manta, along with the smaller reef manta (Mobula alfredi). DNA testing revealed that both species are more closely related to rays of the genus Mobula than previously thought. As a result, giant mantas were renamed Mobula birostris to reflect the new classification. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_oceanic_manta_ray]
Mobula birostris
red deepsea crab
red deepsea crab
Chaceon quinquedens
Chaceon quinquedens (S. I. Smith, 1879)
Chaceon quinquedens (Smith 1879)
chaceon quinquedens
geryon quinquedens
Chaceon quinquedens
Paraconger caudilimbatus
mammea americana tree
PLANTS:MAAM2
Mamey amarillo
mamey
mammee-apple
mammy apple tree
Mammea americana L.
mammea americana
south american apricot
Mammea americana
valerian family
Valerianaceae
Valeriana
garden valerian plant
PLANTS:VAOF
common valerian
garden heliotrope
Valeriana officinalis L.
common valerian
garden-heliotrope
valerian
valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis
ebony family
Ebenaceae
*Alpinia officinarum*, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are valued for their sweet spicy flavor and aromatic scent. These are used throughout Asia in curries and perfumes, and were previously used widely in Europe. They are also used as an herbal remedy. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum]
lesser galangal plant
MANSFELD:3440
PLANTS:ALOF4
Chinese-ginger
lesser galangal
Alpinia officinarum Hance
alpinia officinarum
Alpinia officinarum
eubacteria
Bacteria
Penaeus occidentalis
european flying squid
CEC1993:1415
Todarodes sagittatus
Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
Todarodes sagittatus sagittatus (Lamarck, 1798)
ommastrephes sagittatus
red squid
sea squid
todarodes sagittatus
Todarodes sagittatus
*Trigonella caerulea* (blue fenugreek) is an annual herb in the family *Fabaceae*. Blue fenugreek is widely used in Georgian cuisine, where it is
one of the ingredients of the Georgian spice mix. In Switzerland it is used for flavouring the traditional schabziger cheese. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea]
blue fenugreek plant
PLANTS:TRCA14
sweet trefoil
Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser.
sweet trefoil
trigonella caerulea
Trigonella caerulea
According to the European Red List assessment for this species, it is cultivated as a forage in Turkey but natural wild populations may also be grazed by wild and domesticated species in the forest margins. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/180098/0]
monantha vetch plant
PLANTS:VIAR81
one-flower vetch
Vicia articulata Hornem.
vicia articulata
vicia monanthos
Vicia articulata
*Fumaria officinalis* (common fumitory, drug fumitory or earth smoke) is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family *Papaveraceae*. It is the most common species of the genus *Fumaria* in Western and Central Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumaria_officinalis]
common fumitory plant
PLANTS:FUOF
common fumitory
earth-smoke
wax-dolls
Fumaria officinalis L.
drug fumitory
fumaria officinalis
Fumaria officinalis
*Lansium parasiticum*, also known as langsat or lanzones, is a species of tree in the Mahogany family. *L. parasiticum* is cultivated mainly for its fruit, which can be eaten raw. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lansium_parasiticum]
langsat plant
PLANTS:LADO2
duku
langsat
Lansium domesticum Correa
Lansium domesticum Corrêa
lansium domesticum
lansium parasiticum
Lansium domesticum
Leucoagaricus leucothites
purplestem taro plant
PLANTS:XAVI
Xanthosoma violaceum Schott
blue taro
purple elephant's ear
xanthosoma violaceum
Xanthosoma violaceum
taimen
taimen
Hucho taimen (Pallas, 1773)
hucho taimen
Hucho taimen
redbreast sunfish
Lepomis auritus
Lepomis gulosus
green sunfish
Lepomis cyanellus
Ambloplites cavifrons
The white crappie, *Pomoxis annularis* Rafinesque, 1818, is native throughout the eastern half of Canada and the United States, and has been widely introduced in the west as well. The white crappie is generally deep-bodied and silvery in color, with darker vertical stripes. The dorsal fin of the white crappie has six spines. The maximum recorded length for a white crappie in 53.0 cm (21 in), with a maximum weight of almost 2.35 kg (more than 5.18 lb); it can live as long as thirty years. This species prefers slower-moving water, whether a backwater of a small creek or a large lake. Some sources say the White Crappie will overpopulate in lakes less than 1000 acres (4 km²). White Crappie often school around structure such as submerged trees. (
white crappie
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
CEC1993:596
Pomoxis annularis
Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque, 1818
aspledinotus grunniens
pomoxis annularis
Pomoxis annularis
Sacramento perch
Archoplites interruptus
treefish
Sebastes serriceps
Lutjaniformes
Pama pama
wrasse
CEC1993:834
Labrus viridis Linnaeus, 1758
labrus viridis
Labrus viridis
hogfish
CEC1993:835
hogfish
Lachnolaimus maximus
Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792)
capitan
lachnolaimus maximus
Lachnolaimus maximus
tautog
CEC1993:843
Tautoga onitis
Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus, 1758)
tautoga onitis
Tautoga onitis
silky shark
Carcharhinus falciformis
Boscia
The flowering tree *Crateva religiosa* is native to Japan, Australia, much of Southeast Asia and several south Pacific islands. It is grown elsewhere for fruit, especially in parts of the African continent. The fruit of the tree is edible.
Damion Dooley
Crateva religiosa tree
WIKIPEDIA:Crateva_religiosa
PLANTS:CRRE12
abiyuch tree
barna
bidasi
crateva religiosa
garlic pear tree
sacred barma tree
sacred garlic pear tree
sacred garlic-pear
spider tree
temple plant
Crateva religiosa Forster f.
Crateva religiosa G. Forst.
Crateva religiosa
Helicolenus dactylopterus
*Rhodiola rosea* (commonly golden root, rose root, roseroot, Aaron's rod, Arctic root, king's crown, lignum rhodium, orpin rose) is a perennial flowering plant in the family *Crassulaceae*. The leaves and shoots are eaten raw, having a bitter flavor, or cooked like spinach, and are sometimes added to salads. In Russia and Scandinavia, *Rhodiola rosea* has been used for centuries to cope with the cold Siberian climate and stressful life. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodiola_rosea]
roseroot stonecrop plant
PLANTS:RHRO3
rose-root
Rhodiola rosea L.
aaron's rod
arctic root
golden root
king's crown
lignum rhodium
orpin rhodium
rhodiola rosea
rose root
roseroot
Rhodiola rosea
duskytail grouper
Epinephelus bleekeri
greasy rockcod
greasy grouper
Epinephelus tauvina
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
epinephelus tauvina
tauvina grouper
Epinephelus tauvina
A sea cucumber that can be found from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California.
california sea cucumber
giant California sea cucumber
sea cucumber
Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson, 1857)
Parastichopus californicus Stimpson
cucumaria spp.
parastichopus californicus
sea slug
Apostichopus californicus
Metapenaeus endeavouri
Hedge mustard (*Sisymbrium officinale*) is a plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It is found on roadsides and wasteland, and as a weed of arable land. A native of Europe and North Africa, it is now well-established throughout the world.
It is distinct from the Mustard plants which belong to the genus Brassica.
hedge mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedge_mustard
PLANTS:SIOF
hedge mustard
hedge-mustard
sisymbrium officinale
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Sisymbrium officinale
Actinomycetales
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v. I & II, p.198 etc.
Peruvian banded croaker
Paralonchurus peruanus
*Ocimum americanum*, known as American basil or "hoary basil", is an annual herb with white or lavender flowers. It is used for medicinal purposes. Despite the misleading name, it is native to Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, China, Southeast Asia. The species is naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_americanum]
hoary basil plant
American basil
hoary basil
Ocimum americanum L.
american basil
ocimum americanum
Ocimum americanum
*Ocimum tenuiflorum* (synonym *Ocimum sanctum*), commonly known as holy basil, tulasi (sometimes spelled thulasi) or tulsi, is an aromatic perennial plant in the family *Lamiaceae*. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and widespread as a cultivated plant throughout the Southeast Asian tropics. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum]
holy basil plant
PLANTS:OCTE2
holy basil
Ocimum tenuiflorum L.
brush-leaf-tea
holy basil
ocimum sanctum
ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Coleus amboinicus
American beauty-berry
Callicarpa americana
Carya palmeri
Rhodymeniophycidae
Lagocephalus
green pufferfish
green rough-backed puffer
lunartail puffer
Lagocephalus lunaris
tank goby
Glossogobius giuris
zig-zag eel
Mastacembelus armatus
pool barb
Puntius sophore
ahipa plant
PLANTS:PAAH4
ajipa
ajipo
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) L. Parodi
Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi
andean yam bean
pachyrhizus ahipa
yam bean
Pachyrhizus ahipa
goitenyo plant
PLANTS:PATU7
jicama
jiquima
yam-bean
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.
Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Sprengel
ajipo
amazonian yam bean
goiteño
jacatupe
nupe
pachyrhizus tuberosus
potato bean
Pachyrhizus tuberosus
*Solanum aethiopicum*, the bitter tomato, Ethiopian eggplant, or nakati, is a fruiting plant of the genus *Solanum* mainly found in Asia and Tropical Africa. It is also known as Ethiopian nightshade, garden eggs, and mock tomato. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_aethiopicum]
ethiopian eggplant plant
PLANTS:SOAE2
gilo
kumba
scarlet eggplant
shum
Solanum aethiopicum L.
scarlet eggplant
solanum aethiopicum
tomato-fruit eggplant
Solanum aethiopicum
lloron
mamoncillo
Solanum caripense
pepino plant
PLANTS:SOMU5
Peruvian pepino
mataserrano
melon-pear
Solanum muricatum Aiton
melon pear
melon shrub
pear melon
solanum muricatum
Solanum muricatum
*Solanum sisymbriifolium* is commonly known as vila-vila, sticky nightshade, red buffalo-bur, the fire-and-ice plant, litchi tomato, or Morelle de Balbis. The small edible fruits are red on the outside and yellow inside. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_sisymbriifolium]
sticky nightshade
Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam.
litchi tomato
solanum sisymbriifolium
Solanum sisymbriifolium
blackfin slatey
Diagramma melanacrum
smooth puffer
Lagocephalus laevigatus
Pinguipedidae
silver pomfret
zobaidy
Pampus argenteus
Mene maculata
royal threadfin
CEC1993:547
Pentanemus quinquarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
pentanemus quinquarius
Pentanemus quinquarius
Anatinae
Anserinae
Hanover salad
Siberian kale
Brassica napus var. pabularia
Jersey kale
palm-tree kale
Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia
Boletus edulis f. reticulatus
Homininae
Pisum sativum subsp. sativum
Pisum sativum var. arvense
The Mycoplasmas
Mycoplasmatales
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v. II, p.1938.
Naticidae
giant river-catfish
Sperata seenghala
olive barb
Systomus sarana
Trichodon
Trichodon <bony fishes>
pacific sandfish
Trichodon trichodon (Tilesius, 1813)
trichodon trichodon
Trichodon trichodon
red scorpionfish
Scorpaena scrofa
Arrowroot, any of several species of the genus *Maranta*, members of the family *Marantaceae*, the rhizomes, or rootstocks, of which yield an edible starch. The most commonly used species is *Maranta arundinacea*, the source of genuine, or West Indies, arrowroot. [https://global.britannica.com/plant/arrowroot]
arrowroot plant
PLANTS:MAAR3
Maranta arundinacea L.
maranta arundinacea
Maranta arundinacea
four-finger threadfin
CEC1993:546
Indian salmon
blind tassel-fish
blue salmon
blue threadfin
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)
eleutheronema tetradactylum
Eleutheronema tetradactylum
Castanea
European chestnut
Castanea sativa
beech trees
Fagus
*Maclura tricuspidata * is a tree native to East Asia, occasionally grown for its fruit, somewhat similar to that of the related mulberry (*Morus* spp.). It is also known by common names including cudrang, mandarin melon berry, silkworm thorn, zhe or che, and Chinese mulberry (but not to be confused with *Morus australis * also known by that name). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura_tricuspidata]
zhe berry plant
Maclura tricuspidata Carriere
Maclura tricuspidata Carrière
che berry
maclura tricuspidata
Maclura tricuspidata
*Canarium pimela* is a tree species in the genus *Canarium* and the family *Burseraceae* found in Indo-China [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_pimela]
chinese black olive plant
java-almond plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CAPI16
Chinese black-olive
wu lan
Canarium pimela K. D. Koenig
Canarium pimela K.D. Koenig
Canarium pimela Koenig; syn: C. nigrum Engl.; Canarium album (Lour.) Taeusch.
Canarium pimela Konig
Canarium vulgare Leenh.
canarium pimela
canarium tramdenum
canarium vulgare
chinese olive
kenarinut-tree
Canarium pimela
*Flacourtia indica* (syn. *Flacourtia ramontchi*), known commonly as ramontchi, governor's plum, batoko plum, Madagascar plum and Indian plum, is a species of flowering plant native to much of Africa and tropical and temperate parts of Asia. *F. indica* and *F. ramontchi* are sometimes treated as separate species.
The Ramontchi fruit itself is a pome about an inch thick and red ripening purple. It is very fleshy and has 6 to 10 seeds in layered carpels. The pulp is yellow or white and sweet with an acidic tang. It is eaten raw or made into jelly or jam. It can be fermented to make wine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flacourtia_indica]
governor's plum plant
PLANTS:FLIN
Madagascar plum
batoko plum
ramontchi
Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr.
Flacourtia indica (Burm. fil.) Merr.
batoka plum
flacourtia hirtiuscula
flacourtia indica
flacourtia latifolia
flacourtia ramontchi
flacourtia sepiaria
gmelina indica
indian plum
madagascar plum
Flacourtia indica
Japanese blue crab
swimming crab
Portunus trituberculatus
Ciliata
Lactarius
Lactarius <bony fishes>
Ophidion
Ophidion <bony fishes>
Thysanoessa inermis
Cyttus novaezealandiae
Myrmecocystus
mangrove red snapper
Lutjanus argentimaculatus
crimson snapper
Lutjanus erythropterus
Lethocerus indicus
plant limpet
Testudinalia testudinalis
Centrophorus
gulper shark
CEC1993:57
gulper shark
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
centrophorus granulosus
rough shark
Centrophorus granulosus
Hawaiian grouper
Hyporthodus quernus
sandy ray
sandy ray
Leucoraja circularis (Couch, 1838)
Raja circularis Couch 1838
leucoraja circularis
raja circularis
Leucoraja circularis
Asian drill
Ocinebrellus inornatus
Myzopsetta
*Viola tricolor*, Also known as Johnny Jump up (though this name is also applied to similar species such as the yellow pansy), heartsease, heart's ease, heart's delight, tickle-my-fancy, Jack-jump-up-and-kiss-me, come-and-cuddle-me, three faces in a hood, or love-in-idleness, is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_tricolor]
johnny-jump-up plant
PLANTS:VITR
Viola tricolor L.
heart's ease
viola tricolor
Viola tricolor
barcoo grunter
jade perch
Scortum barcoo
rougheye rockfish
Sebastes aleutianus
opaleye
Girella nigricans
parore
luderick
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Girella tricuspidata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
black bream
blackfish
girella tricuspidata
luderick
Girella tricuspidata
cooking banana
plantain
Musa ABB Group
Cavendish banana
dessert banana
Musa acuminata AAA Group
gentian family
Gentianaceae
Malvoideae
Grewioideae
Sterculioideae
Bombacoideae
bluespotted cornetfish
Fistularia commersonii
honeycomb grouper
Epinephelus merra
Hong Kong grouper
Epinephelus akaara
Bramidae
Brama
pacific pomfret
Brama japonica Hilgendorf, 1878
brama japonica
Brama japonica
blubberlip snapper
Lutjanus rivulatus
Larimichthys
croceine croaker
croceine croaker
large yellow croaker
Larimichthys crocea
Larimichthys crocea (Richardson, 1846)
Larimichthys croceus (Richardson, 1846)
large yellow croaker
larimichthys crocea
Larimichthys crocea
Nibea
Parapercis
slender sunfish
CEC1993:1176
slender sunfish
Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776)
ranzania laevis
Ranzania laevis
angolan flying squid
Todarodes angolensis
Todarodes angolensis Adam, 1962
todarodes angolensis
Todarodes angolensis
wellington flying squid
CEC1993:1413
Sloane's squid
arrow squid
Nototodarus sloani (Gray, 1849)
Nototodarus sloanii
Nototodarus sloanii (Gray, 1849)
arrow squid
nototodarus sloani
Nototodarus sloanii
Decapodiformes
Averrhoa
borage family
Boraginaceae
Heliotropium
Lottioidea
Vetigastropoda
Trochoidea
Trochoidea <superfamily>
Littorinimorpha
Buccinoidea
Helicina
Helicina <clade>
Lamioideae
Nepetoideae
Mentheae
Ocimeae
bullet tuna
CEC1993:952
bullet tuna
Auxis rochei
Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810)
Auxis rochei eudorax Collette and Aadland, 1996
Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810)
auxis bisus
auxis rochei
scomber rochei
Auxis rochei
Arbutoideae
Ericoideae
Vaccinioideae
Vaccinieae
Multicrustacea
anchoveta
Anchoveta peruana
Peruvian anchovy
anchoveta
Engraulis ringens
Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842
engraulis ringens
peruvian anchovy
Engraulis ringens
crucian carp
CEC1993:314
crucian carp
Carassius carassius
Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)
carassius carassius
Carassius carassius
mints
Mentha
malabar snapper
Malabar blood snapper
Lutjanus malabaricus
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
lutjanus malabaricus
snapper, malabar red
Lutjanus malabaricus
narrow-barred mackerel
CEC1993:977
narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1802)
narrow-barred king mackerel
narrow-barred spanish mackerel
scomberomorus commerson
Scomberomorus commerson
sages
Salvia
Leiognathus
splendid ponyfish
Eubleekeria splendens
verbena family
Verbenaceae
Cichorieae
Coreopsideae
Polinices
Callicarpa
Callicarpa <eudicots>
flat bullhead
Ameiurus platycephalus
black bullhead
Ameiurus melas
water roseapple plant
PLANTS:SYAQ
Syzygium aqueum (Burm. f.) Alston
Syzygium aqueum (Burman f.) Alston
eugenia aqua
jambu fruit
syzygium aqueum
water apple
water rose
Syzygium aqueum
clove
Syzygium aromaticum
*Syzygium eucalyptoides* is an evergreen shrub or tree that can grow up to 6 metres tall. White apple fruits are edible and have been a source of subsistence food for aboriginals for ages. The plant is rarely known outside Australia. [http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Syzygium+eucalyptoides]
eucalypt eugenia plant
Syzygium eucalyptoides (F. Muell.) B. Hyland
bush apple
love apple
syzygium eucalyptoides
Syzygium eucalyptoides
mountain apple plant
PLANTS:SYMA2
Malay-apple
pomerac
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry
eugenia malaccensis
jambosa malaccensis
malay apple
malaysian apple
mamiew pomerac
ohia
pinkapple
pomerac
roseapple (syzygium malaccense)
saraek pomerac
syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense
The magenta lilly pilly (*Syzygium paniculatum*, syn. *Eugenia paniculata*), also known by the common name magenta cherry, is a broad dense bushy rainforest tree native to New South Wales. Well known as an edible wild fruit with a pleasantly sour apple-like flavour. It is eaten fresh or cooked into jams. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygium_paniculatum]
brush cherry plant
PLANTS:SYPA7
Australian brush-cherry
Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn.
magenta cherry
magenta lilli-pilly
syzygium paniculatum
Syzygium paniculatum
vervains
Verbena
Monimiaceae
Tegillarca granosa
star apple plant
PLANTS:CHCA10
star apple
Chrysophyllum cainito L.
caimito
chrysophyllum cainito
Chrysophyllum cainito
custard-apple family
Annonaceae
Dorab wolf-herring
Chirocentrus dorab
nutmeg family
Myristicaceae
Eupomatiaceae
Canthigaster
NPAAA clade
ADA clade
core genistoids
Pterocarpus clade
50 kb inversion clade
Diodon
porcupine fish
spot-fin porcupinefish
Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758
diodon hystrix
Diodon hystrix
Meretrix lyrata
sharptail mola
CEC1993:1174
sharptail mola
Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard, 1840)
Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard, 1840)
mola lanceolata
Masturus lanceolatus
Hologalegina
IRL clade
indigoferoid/millettioid clade
robinioid clade
glowbelly
Acropoma japonicum
blackthroat seaperch
Doederleinia berycoides
Epigonidae
rough ray
rough ray
rough skate
Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
raja radula
Raja radula
blond ray
blonde ray
Raja brachyura Lafont 1873
Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
raja brachyura
Raja brachyura
painted ray
small-eyed ray
Raja microocellata Montagu 1818
Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
raja microocellata
small-eyed ray
Raja microocellata
cuckoo ray
cuckoo ray
Leucoraja naevus (Müller and Henle, 1841)
Raja naevus Müller & Henle 1841
butterfly skate
leucoraja naevus
raja naevus
Leucoraja naevus
shagreen ray
shagreen ray
Leucoraja fullonica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja fullonica Linnaeus, 1758
leucoraja fullonica
raja fullonica
Leucoraja fullonica
aubergine
brinjal
eggplant
yellow-fruit nightshade
Solanum virginianum
sand perch
sand perch
Diplectrum formosum
Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766)
diplectrum formosum
Diplectrum formosum
American quails
New World quails
Odontophoridae
blueback herring
CEC1993:152
blueback shad
Alosa aestivalis
Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa aestivalis
blueback shad
herring, blueback
pomolobus aestivalis
Alosa aestivalis
Harengula
scaled sardine
scaled sardine
Harengula jaguana
Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865
harengula jaguana
scaly sardine
Harengula jaguana
Brevoortia
gulf menhaden
CEC1993:162
Gulf menhaden
Brevoortia patronus
Brevoortia patronus Goode, 1878
brevoortia patronus
menhaden, gulf
Brevoortia patronus
atlantic menhaden
CEC1993:164
Atlantic menhaden
mossbunker
Brevoortia tyrannus
Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe, 1802)
brevoortia tyrannus
menhaden, atlantic
Brevoortia tyrannus
Opisthonema
atlantic thread herring
CEC1993:184
Atlantic thread herring
Opisthonema oglinum
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur 1818)
Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)
opisthonema oglinum
thread herring, atlantic
Opisthonema oglinum
Dorosoma
threadfin shad
Dorosoma petenense
Etrumeus
red-eyed round herring
CEC1993:177
red-eye round herring
round herring
Etrumeus teres
Etrumeus teres (DeKay, 1842)
Etrumeus teres De Kay, 1842
etrumeus teres
Etrumeus teres
Anchoa
bay anchovy
CEC1993:207
bay anchovy
common anchovy
Anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)
anchoa mitchilli
Anchoa mitchilli
Horsfieldia
spotted bass
spotted bass
spotted blackbass
Micropterus punctulatus
Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819)
micropterus punctulatus
Micropterus punctulatus
twintip
Stemodia
owl limpet
owl limpet
Lottia gigantea
Lottia gigantea (Sowerby, 1934)
Lottia gigantea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834
giant owl limpet
limpet, giant owl
lottia gigantea
Lottia gigantea
lingcod
CEC1993:1080
FDA.RFE.2010:45
Ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus Girard 1854
Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854
ophiodon elongatus
Ophiodon elongatus
Aplodinotus
freshwater drum
CEC1993:707
freshwater drum
Aplodinotus grunniens
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque 1819
Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819
aplodinotus grunniens
gaspergou
Aplodinotus grunniens
Guadalupe bass
Micropterus treculii
Suwannee bass
Micropterus notius
Otala
streaked spinefoot
Siganus javus
Elatostema
The pomegranate, *Punica granatum*, is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree growing between five and eight meters tall.
pomegranate plant
WIKIPEDIA:Punica_granatum
MANSFELD:7860
PLANTS:PUGR2
granado
grenadier
pomegranate
shi liu
zakuro
Punica granatum L.
punica granatum
punica malus
Punica granatum
waterchestnut plant
MANSFELD:4856
water chestnut
Trapa natans L.
Trapa natans L. var. natans
caltrop
trapa natans
waternut
Trapa natans
naranjilla plant
PLANTS:SOQU
lulo
naranjilla
Solanum quitoense Lam.
lulo
quito orange
solanum quitoense
Solanum quitoense
barberries
Berberis
King weakfish is a coastal fish found on the eastern coast of South America.
king weakfish
2019-08-09T03:55:36Z
Banga Mary
Bangamary
German Salmon
German salmon
Rock Salmon
king weakfish
rock salmon
yellow mouth salmon
yellow mouth salmon
Macrodon ancylodon
Pseudobatos
Argopecten purpuratus
longfin codling
Laemonema longipes
Metapenaeus affinis
Parapenaeopsis
blunthead puffer
Sphoeroides pachygaster
Salvia incertae sedis
grey demoiselle
Chrysiptera glauca
striped seaperch
Embiotoca lateralis
sablefish
CEC1993:1082
sablefish
Anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1811)
Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814)
anoplopoma fimbria
Anoplopoma fimbria
tangelo
Citrus x tangelo
Chrysobalanaceae
coco plum plant
PLANTS:CHIC
Chrysobalanus icaco L.
chrysobalanus
chrysobalanus elipticus
chrysobalanus icaco
chrysobalanus orbicularis
chrysobalanus purpureus
cocoplum
fat prof
icaco
Chrysobalanus icaco
painted river prawn
CEC1993:1231
Macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bigclaw river shrimp
macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium carcinus
Macrobrachium acanthurus
Viteae
currant family
Grossulariaceae
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum
Alchemilla
Amelanchier
giant African snail
Lissachatina fulica
Lepetellida
hawthorn
Crataegus
Potentilla
*Prunus serotina*, commonly called black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous woody plant species belonging to the genus Prunus. The species is widespread and common in North America and South America. Black cherry is closely related to the chokecherry (*Prunus virginiana*); chokecherry, however, is classified as a shrub or small tree and has smaller, less glossy leaves. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina]
black cherry plant
PLANTS:PRSE2
black cherry
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
prunus serotina
wild black cherry
Prunus serotina
MANSFELD:8689
PLANTS:PYCO
pear
Pyrus communis L.
pyrus communis
Pyrus communis
bramble
Rubus
emperor snapper
emperor red snapper
Lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816)
lutjanus sebae
Lutjanus sebae
mountain ashes
Sorbus
magnoliids
Magnoliidae
Proteales
southern tanner crab
Chionoecetes bairdi
Chionoecetes bairdi M. J. Rathbun, 1924
Chionoecetes bairdi Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes bairdi
tanner crab
Chionoecetes bairdi
The golden currant plant (Ribes aureum) is a species in the genus Ribes, native to Canada, most of the United States (except the southeast) and northern Mexico. The berries were used for food, and other plant parts for medicine, by various Native American groups across its range in North America.
golden currant plant
PLANTS:RIAU
buffalo currant
buffalo currant
clove currant
golden currant
pruterberry
ribes aureum
Ribes aureum Pursh
Ribes aureum
*Manilkara kauki is a plant in the subfamily *Sapotoideae*, and the tribe *Sapoteae* of the *Sapotaceae* family; and is the type species for the genus *Manilkara*. Throughout the world it is known generally by the name caqui, but in Australia it is called wongi. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manilkara_kauki]
caqui plant
PLANTS:MAKA3
caqui
Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard
manilkara kauki
wongi
wongi plum
Manilkara kauki
Mimusops
spanish cherry plant
PLANTS:MIEL4
Mimusops elengi L.
medlar
mimusops elengi
spanish-cherry
tanjong tree
tanjongtree
Mimusops elengi
2023-07-05T06:15:07Z
APNI:63435
black plum plant
Planchonella Pierre
Planchonella australis (R. Br.) Pierre
black-apple
wild plum
yellow bulletwood
Planchonella australis
canistel plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:POCA23
canistel
eggfruit-tree
yellow sapote
Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baenhi; this species includes former Lacuma nervosa A.DC. and L. salicifolia HBK.
Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni
egg-fruit tree
pouteria campechiana
yellow sapote
Pouteria campechiana
mamey sapote plant
PLANTS:POSA13
mammee sapote
marmalade-plum
sapote
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn
Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn
pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota
Phyllanthaceae
Mangifera
Hypsizygus tessulatus
Perideridia oregana
rue family
Rutaceae
Phyllantheae
Delectopecten vitreus
Haemulon flavolineatum
tomtate
Haemulon aurolineatum
Chrysichthys
soapberry family
Sapindaceae
dancy tangerine
Citrus tangerina
*Passiflora ligularis*, commonly known as the sweet granadilla or grenadia, is a plant species in the *Passiflora* genus. The fruit is orange to yellow colored with small light markings. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passiflora_ligularis]
sweet granadilla plant
PLANTS:PALI8
sweet granadilla
Passiflora ligularis Juss.
passiflora ligularis
Passiflora ligularis
*Viburnum edule*, the squashberry, mooseberry, pembina, pimbina, highbush cranberry, lowbush cranberry or moosomin in Cree language, is a small shrub species.
squashberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Viburnum_edule
PLANTS:VIED
mooseberry
squashberry
Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
highbush cranberry
lowbush cranberry
mooseberry
moosomin
pembina
pimbina
viburnum edule
Viburnum edule
eyestripe surgeonfish
Acanthurus dussumieri
bluelined surgeon
Acanthurus nubilus
orangespot surgeonfish
Acanthurus olivaceus
quassia family
Simaroubaceae
Etroplus suratensis
highwaterman catfish
Hypophthalmus edentatus
gilded catfish
Zungaro zungaro
smelt
CEC1993:542
Mediterranean sand smelt
Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758
atherina hepsetus
mediterranean sandsmelt
sand-smelt
silverside
Atherina hepsetus
topsmelt silverside
Atherinops affinis
Menidiinae
atlantic silverside
CEC1993:545
Atlantic silverside
Menidia menidia
Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766)
menidia menidia
Menidia menidia
great sculpin
Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus
northern anchovy
CEC1993:217
northern anchovy
Engraulis mordax
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1856
anchovy, northern
californian anchoveta
engraulis mordax
north pacific anchovy
Engraulis mordax
Collichthys
Mi-iuy croaker
Miichthys miiuy
Raphanus sativus var. sativus
trumpet creeper family
Bignoniaceae
pond smelt
CEC1993:264
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1811)
Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814)
hypomesus olidus
Hypomesus olidus
eulachon
CEC1993:272
eulachon
Thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus (Richardson, 1836)
thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus
Loxechinus
Acanthocardia
atlantic giant cockle
Dinocardium robustum
Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786)
dinocardium robustum
giant atlantic cockle
Dinocardium robustum
camoflage grouper
Epinephelus polyphekadion
Diagramma
Bodianus
Spanish hogfish
Bodianus rufus
humphead wrasse
Cheilinus undulatus
Oxycheilinus
Semicossyphus pulcher
Odacidae
The greenbone or butterfish, *Odax pullus*, a cale of the genus *Odax*, is found around New Zealand.
new zealand butterfish
WIKIPEDIA:Greenbone
greenbone
Odax pullus
Odax pullus (Forster 1801)
Odax pullus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
butterfish
greenbone
odax pullus
Odax pullus
Apioideae
apioid superclade
Pyramidoptereae
Scandiceae
Apieae
Daucinae
Scandicinae
Polypodiopsida
spot-tail spiny turbot
CEC1993:1098
spottail spiny turbot
Psettodes belcheri
Psettodes belcheri Bennett, 1831
psettodes belcheri
spottettail turbot
Psettodes belcheri
roughnose grenadier
Trachyrincus murrayi
coonstripe shrimp
Pandalus hypsinotus
blue-barred parrotfish
Scarus ghobban
Hawaiian flagtail
Kuhlia sandvicensis
*Valeriana edulis, the tobacco root or edible valerian, a species in the *Caprifoliaceae* family, is a dioecious perennial flowering plant native to western and central North America. Tobacco root has long been used as food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriana_edulis]
tobacco root plant
PLANTS:VAED
tobacco root
Valeriana edulis Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
edible valerian
valeriana edulis
Valeriana edulis
gafftopsail catfish
gafftopsail sea catfish
Bagre marinus
Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)
bagre marinus
Bagre marinus
Macoma nasuta
quillback
Carpiodes cyprinus
smooth oreo dory
Pseudocyttus maculatus
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist 1906
Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906
oreo dory, smooth
pseudocyttus maculatus
Pseudocyttus maculatus
Holothuria mexicana
goose barnacle
Lepas anserifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anserifera
Lepas anserifera
Totoaba macdonaldi
bilimbi plant
PLANTS:AVBI
Averrhoa bilimbi L.
averrhoa bilimbi
blimbing
cucumber tree
tree sorrel
Averrhoa bilimbi
armored searobin
Peristedion miniatum
Zenopsis conchifer
lookdown dory
Cyttus traversi Hutton, 1872
cyttus traversi
Cyttus traversi
warty dory
Allocyttus verrucosus (Gilchrist, 1906)
allocyttus verrucosus
Allocyttus verrucosus
blackbar triggerfish
Rhinecanthus aculeatus
marbled puffer
Sphoeroides dorsalis
cascarudo
Callichthys callichthys
italian cornsalad plant
PLANTS:VAER2
italian corn salad
valerianella eriocarpa
Valerianella eriocarpa Desv.
Valerianella eriocarpa
Woodsiaceae
eben tree
PLANTS:DAED
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H. J. Lam
Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam
bush buttertree
bushbutter
dacryodes edulis
pachylobus edulis
Dacryodes edulis
Lycium
Dermatolepis inermis
Alphestes afer
Physalis
queensland school mackerel
CEC1993:987
Queensland school mackerel
Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943
scomberomorus queenslandicus
Scomberomorus queenslandicus
australian spotted mackerel
CEC1993:984
Australian spotted mackerel
Scomberomorus munroi Colette and Russo, 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo 1980
Scomberomorus munroi Collette and Russo, 1980
scomberomorus munroi
Scomberomorus munroi
broad-barred king mackerel
CEC1993:989
broadbarred king mackerel
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883)
Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1884)
scomberomorus semifasciatus
Scomberomorus semifasciatus
Grammatorcynus
shark mackerel
Grammatorcynus bicarinatus
leaping bonito
Cybiosarda elegans
southern stingray
Hypanus americanus
Pseudophycis breviuscula
Lepidorhynchus denticulatus
hoki
blue grenadier
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector 1871)
Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871)
macruronus novaezelandiae
Macruronus novaezelandiae
morid cod
Mora moro
Mora moro (Risso, 1810)
common mora
mora moro
pseudophycis breviusculus
Mora moro
Mactrotoma
Mactrotoma fragilis
Nandus nandus
argentine anchovy
CEC1993:212
Argentine anchovy
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935
anchoa engraulis
engraulis anchoita
Engraulis anchoita
Strangomera bentincki
Paphies ventricosa
violet family
Violaceae
peony family
Paeoniaceae
Pacuma toadfish
Batrachoides surinamensis
Australian chestnut
Moreton Bay chestnut
Castanospermum australe
madder family
Rubiaceae
sword razor
CEC1993:1392
Ensis siliqua
Ensis siliqua (Linnaeus, 1758)
ensis siliqua
Ensis siliqua
margin jackknife
CEC1993:1396
Solen marginatus
Solen marginatus (Pulteney, 1799)
Solen vagina Linnaeus, 1758
european razor clam
grooved razor
razor clam
solen marginatus
solen vagina
Solen marginatus
Praecitrullus
white-blotched grouper
Epinephelus multinotatus
cao guo
tsao ko
Lanxangia tsao-ko
Grimothea johni
Grimothea monodon
Javan ilisha
Ilisha pristigastroides
Humulus lupulus var. lupuloides
Thryssa encrasicholoides
eyed flounder
Bothus ocellatus
Patagonian flounder
Paralichthys patagonicus
largetooth flounder
Pseudorhombus arsius
Plagioscion
South American silver croaker
Plagioscion squamosissimus
Lepidotrigla
roughscale flounder
roughscale sole
Clidoderma asperrimum
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Clidoderma asperrimum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
clidoderma asperrimum
Clidoderma asperrimum
Kryptopterus
giant gamba prawn
Aristaeomorpha foliacea
Phallus duplicatus
Eremophila
Eremophila <eudicots>
Aloe
amur pike
Amur pike
Esox reichertii Dybowski, 1869
blackspotted pike
esox reichertii
Esox reichertii
Norfolk island pine family
Araucariaceae
Jacquinotia edwardsi
snow pea
sugar pea
Pisum sativum var. macrocarpum
The tub gurnard, *Chelidonichthys lucerna* (also C. lucernus, Trigla lucerna, T. corax) is a species of bottom-dwelling coastal fish with a spiny armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom. The tub gurnard is a reddish fish with blue pectoral fins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tub_gurnard]
tub gurnard
CEC1993:1076
tub gurnard
Chelidonichthys lucernus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Trigla lucerna Linnaeus, 1758
chelidonichthys lucerna
chelidonichthys lucernus
smallscaled gurnard
trigla corax
trigla lucerna
Chelidonichthys lucerna
canestrini's goby
CEC1993:1047
Pomatoschistus canestrinii (Ninni, 1883)
pomatoschistus canestrinii
Ninnigobius canestrinii
threadfin saury
Saurida filamentosa
Scorpaena papillosa
narrowbanded sole
Synclidopus macleayanus
slender armorhead
Pentaceros wheeleri
Callinectes bellicosus
Callinectes arcuatus
barberry plant
MANSFELD:25732
PLANTS:BEVU
European barberry
common barberry
Berberis vulgaris L.
berberis vulgaris
Berberis vulgaris
hardtail conger
Gnathophis cinctus
akee plant
PLANTS:BLSA2
ackee
akee
aki
Blighia sapida K. D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig
Blighia sapida K.D.Koenig
Blighia sapida Koenig
ackee
blighia sapida
Blighia sapida
Atractoscion
white seabass
CEC1993:711
white weakfish
Atractoscion nobilis
Atractoscion nobilis (Ayres, 1860)
atractoscion nobilis
cynoscion nobilis
Atractoscion nobilis
Russian olive family
Elaeagnaceae
deepbody thread herring
CEC1993:183
Pacific thread herring
Opisthonema libertate
Opisthonema libertate (Günther 1867)
Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)
opisthonema libertate
opisthonema oblieri
Opisthonema libertate
Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus
Pimenta
West Indian bay
bay rum tree
Pimenta racemosa
brasilian guava plant
MANSFELD:12292
PLANTS:PSGU3
Brazilian guava
Guinea guava
Psidium guineense Sw.
psidium guineense
Psidium guineense
An evergreen tropical tree in the flowering plant family Myrtaceae.
Syzygium cumini plant
PLANTS:SYCU
Java-plum
black plum (syzyguim)
eugenia jambolana
jaman
jambol
jambolan
jambolan plant
jambolan plum
jambul
java plum
syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels
Syzygium cumini
java apple plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:SYSA3
Java-apple
makopa
wax jambu
Eugenia javanica Lam; Syn: Syzigium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry
eugenia javanica
syzygium samarangense
Syzygium samarangense
*Ugni molinae*, commonly known as Chilean guava, or strawberry myrtle, is a shrub native to Chile and adjacent regions of southern Argentina. The fruit is sometimes marketed as "Ugniberry", as "New Zealand cranberry" in New Zealand, and the name "Tazziberry" has been trademarked in Australia, but it is not a native plant to these countries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugni_molinae]
chilean guava plant
PLANTS:UGMO
Ugni molinae Turcz.
strawberry myrtle
ugni molinae
ugniberry
Ugni molinae
pandan rampeh
pandan wangi
Pandanus amaryllifolius
Pristigasteridae
longfin smelt
longfin smelt
Spirinchus thaleichthys
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres 1860)
Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres, 1860)
osmerus thaleichthys
spirinchus thaleichthys
Spirinchus thaleichthys
Argentina
Argentina <bony fishes>
blacktail snapper
Lutjanus fulvus
Apodinae
otaheite gooseberry plant
PLANTS:PHAC3
Otaheite gooseberry
cela usiri
cerejeira-do-Taiti
grosellero
jumbilin
sour gooseberry
Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
mayom
phyllanthus acidus
Cicca acida
greek rudd
CEC1993:357
Scardinius graecus (Stephanidis, 1937)
Scardinius graecus Stephanidis, 1937
scardinius graecus
Scardinius graecus
grooved tanner crab
Chionoecetes tanneri
Chionoecetes tanneri M. J. Rathbun, 1893
chionoecetes tanneri
Chionoecetes tanneri
iris family
Iridaceae
Pandalus platyceros
Teredo
grey reef shark
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
spinner shark
Carcharhinus brevipinna
blacktip reef shark
Carcharhinus melanopterus
angel shark
CEC1993:67
angelshark
Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
angelfish
monkfish
squatina squatina
Squatina squatina
sharptooth jobfish
Pristipomoides typus
blood snapper
bloodred snapper
humphead snapper
Lutjanus sanguineus
Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
lutjanus sanguineus
scarlet snapper
Lutjanus sanguineus
pinjalo snapper
Pinjalo pinjalo
*Diplotaxis tenuifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name perennial wall-rocket. This plant is native to Europe and Western Asia. It can be found throughout much of the temperate world where it has naturalized. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplotaxis_tenuifolia]
perennial wallrocket plant
MANSFELD:23755
PLANTS:DITE4
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
diplotaxis tenuifolia
lincoln's-weed
sand mustard
sand rocket
wall rocket
Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Loganiaceae
Strychnos
flowering kale
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica
Whippomorpha
*Enteroctopus dofleini*, also known as the giant Pacific octopus or North Pacific giant octopus, is a large cephalopod belonging to the genus *Enteroctopus*.
giant pacific octopus
WIKIPEDIA:Enteroctopus_dofleini
North Pacific giant octopus
giant octopus
Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker, 1910)
enteroctopus dofleini
north pacific giant octopus
Enteroctopus dofleini
Australian ibis
Threskiornis molucca
prairie rose plant
PLANTS:ROAR3
Rosa arkansana Porter
arkansas rose
prairie rose
prairie wildrose
rosa arkansana
rosa pratincola
wild rose
Rosa suffulta
Enchylaena
bayberry family
Myricaceae
ribworts
Plantago
African finger millet
osgras
Eleusine coracana subsp. africana
black scabbardfish
Aphanopus carbo
Marjoram (*Origanum majorana*) is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus *Origanum*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjoram]
sweet marjoram plant
MANSFELD:16210
PLANTS:ORMA
sweet marjoram
Origanum majorana L.
marjoram
marjoram, sweet
origanum majorana
sweet marjoram
Origanum majorana
*Salvia fruticosa*, Greek oregano or Greek sage, is a perennial herb or sub-shrub native to the eastern Mediterranean, including southern Italy, the Canary Islands and North Africa. It is especially abundant in Israel. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia_fruticosa]
greek sage plant
PLANTS:SAFR10
Salvia fruticosa Mill.
greek-oregano
salvia fruticosa
Salvia fruticosa
redfin pickerel
Esox americanus americanus
C-O sole
C-O turbot
popeye
Pleuronichthys coenosus
Argentina elongata
Genyagnus monopterygius
Barbonymus
Scurvy-grass (*Cochlearia* species; a.k.a. Scurvy grass, Scurvygrass, or Spoonwort) is a genus of about 30 species of annual and perennial herbs in the cabbage family *Brassicaceae*. They are widely distributed in temperate and arctic areas of the northern hemisphere, most commonly found in coastal regions, on cliff-tops and salt marshes where their high tolerance of salt enables them to avoid competition from larger, but less salt-tolerant plants; they also occur in alpine habitats in mountains and tundra.
Scurvy-grass was extensively eaten in the past by sailors suffering from scurvy after returning from long voyages, as the leaves are rich in vitamin C, which cures this deficiency disease resulting from a lack of fresh vegetables in the diet. The leaves, which have a strong peppery taste similar to the related horseradish and watercress, are also sometimes used in salads.
scurvy-grass plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cochlearia
MANSFELD:23616
PLANTS:COOF4
scurvy-grass
spoonwort
Cochlearia officinalis L.
cochlearia officinalis
scurvygrass
spoonwort
Cochlearia officinalis
Ozark bass
Ambloplites constellatus
pumpkin-seed
CEC1993:593
pumpkinseed
pumpkinseed sunfish
Lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lepomis gibbosus
Lepomis gibbosus
redear sunfish
Lepomis microlophus
spotted sunfish
Lepomis punctatus
Surianaceae
skilfish
Erilepis zonifer
Erilepis zonifer (Lockington, 1880)
erilepis zonifer
Erilepis zonifer
kahawai
CEC1993:675
Australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Arripis trutta (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Forster, 1801)
Arripis trutta (Schneider, 1801)
arripis trutta
australian salmon
Arripis trutta
Epigonus
Platycephalus
Priacanthus
red bigeye
Priacanthus macracanthus
Citrus
Osphronemidae
giant gourami
CEC1993:1034
giant gourami
Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801
Osphronemus goramy Lacépède, 1801
osphronemus goramy
Osphronemus goramy
Percophidae
Bembrops
tea family
Theaceae
Citrus limon
lemon
Citrus x limon
Valencia orange
apfelsine
naranja
navel orange
sweet orange
Citrus sinensis
Pimpinella anisum
white-seed melon
Melothria sphaerocarpa
sailray
Rajella lintea
pacific jack mackerel
CEC1993:664
Pacific jack mackerel
Trachurus symmetricus
Trachurus symmetricus (Ayres, 1855)
trachurus symmetricus
Trachurus symmetricus
green-back horse mackerel
CEC1993:657
greenback horse mackerel
Trachurus declivis
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841 )
Trachurus declivis (Jenyns, 1841)
greenback scad
trachurus declivis
Trachurus declivis
The yellowtail horse mackerel, *Trachurus novaezelandiae*, is a jack in the family *Carangidae* found around Australia and New Zealand at depths of up to 500 m. Its length is up to 50 cm.
The yellowtail horse mackerel is very similar to the greenback horse mackerel but has 68 to 73 lateral line scutes, compared with 76 to 82 for the greenback horse mackerel.
yellowtail horse mackerel
WIKIPEDIA:Trachurus_novaezelandiae
yellowtail horse mackerel
Trachurus novaezelandiae
Trachurus novaezelandiae (Richardson 1843)
Trachurus novaezelandiae Richardson, 1843
trachurus novaezelandiae
Trachurus novaezelandiae
Brotula clarkae
French angelfish
Pomacanthus paru
rock beauty
rock beauty angelfish
Holacanthus tricolor
Bermuda blue angelfish
Holacanthus bermudensis
Asparagus racemosus
Brewing yeasts may be classed as "top-cropping" (or "top-fermenting") and "bottom-cropping" (or "bottom-fermenting"). Top-cropping yeasts are so called because they form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation. An example of a top-cropping yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sometimes called an "ale yeast". Bottom-cropping yeasts are typically used to produce lager-type beers, though they can also produce ale-type beers. These yeasts ferment well at low temperatures. An example of bottom-cropping yeast is *Saccharomyces pastorianus*, formerly known as *Saccharomyces carlsbergensis*.
\n\n*Saccharomyces pastorianus* is a yeast used industrially for the production of lager beer, and is named after Louis Pasteur. It is a synonym of the yeast species *Saccharomyces carlsbergensis*,[ which was originally described in 1883 by Emil Christian Hansen, who was working for the Danish brewery Carlsberg.
brewers yeast
WIKIPEDIA:Yeast#Beer
lager yeast
Saccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen, 1908
Saccharomyces pastorianus Reess ex E.C. Hansen, 1904
brewer's yeast
saccharomyces carlsbergensis
saccharomyces pastorianus
Saccharomyces pastorianus
Rumex subgen. Acetosa
john's snapper
John's snapper
Lutjanus johnii
Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792)
blackspot snapper
lutjanus johnii
plainscaled snapper
thailand snapper
Lutjanus johnii
blue king crab
blue king crab
Paralithodes platypus
Paralithodes platypus Brandt, 1850
paralithodes platypus
Paralithodes platypus
kuruma prawn
CEC1993:1206
Marsupenaeus japonicus
Marsupenaeus japonicus (Bate, 1888)
Penaeus japonicus Bate, 1888
japanese tiger shrimp
kuruma shrimp
marsupenaeus japonicus
penaeus canaliculatus japonicus
penaeus japonicus
Penaeus japonicus
Australian red claw crayfish
Cherax quadricarinatus
Cyprininae
Labeonini
'Poropuntiinae'
Smiliogastrinae
Danionidae
Leuciscidae
Leuciscinae
Pogonichthyinae
Xenocypridinae
mojarras
Gerreidae
Sebastidae
Sebastolobinae
atlantic thornyhead
EC:No 1637/2001 TJX
Atlantic thornyhead
Trachyscorpia cristulata
Trachyscorpia cristulata (Goode & Bean, 1896)
Trachyscorpia cristulata (Goode and Bean, 1896)
spiny scorpionfish
trachyscorpia cristulata
Trachyscorpia cristulata
Scorpaeninae
Sebastinae
kelp greenling
Hexagrammos decagrammus
yellow Irish lord
Hemilepidotus jordani
Encrasicholina purpurea
Hemanthias
longtail bass
Hemanthias leptus
Anthiinae
Serraninae
rock flagtail
Kuhlia rupestris
pintadilla
CEC1993:849
Cheilodactylus variegatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833
Cheilodactylus variegatus Valenciennes, 1833
cheilodactylus variegatus
Cheilodactylus variegatus
spotted ray
spotted ray
Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
homelyn ray
raja montagui
Raja montagui
eucaryotes
eukaryotes
Eukaryota
Atlantic torpedo
Tetronarce nobiliana
Bovinae
The bowhead whale (*Balaena mysticetus*) is a baleen whale of the right whale family *Balaenidae*, in suborder *Mysticeti* and genus *Balaena*. It lives entirely in fertile Arctic and sub-Arctic waters, unlike other whales that migrate to feed or reproduce to low latitude waters. It was also known as Greenland right whale or Arctic whale. American whalemen called it the steeple-top, polar whale, or Russia or Russian whale.
bowhead whale
WIKIPEDIA:Balaena_mysticetus
CEC1993:1468
MSW3:14300005
Greenland right whale
bowhead
bowhead whale
Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758
arctic right whale
balaena mysticetus
black right whale
bowhead whale
great polar whale
greenland right whale
Balaena mysticetus
Leukoma thaca
red algae
rhodophytes
Rhodophyta
Chondrus
Siberian sturgeon
Acipenser baerii
irish moss
CEC1993:1512
Irish moss
carageen
carrageen
carragheen
Chondrus crispus (Linnaeus) J. Stackhouse
Chondrus crispus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Chondrus crispus Stackhouse 1797
carrageen moss
chondrus crispus
Chondrus crispus
Prochilodus
curimbata
streaked prochilod
Prochilodus lineatus
european sardine
CEC1993:187
sardine
Sardina pilchardus
Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792)
european pilchard
european sardine
sardina pilchardus
sardine
Sardina pilchardus
gudgeon
CEC1993:327
gudgeon
Gobio gobio (Berg 1949)
Gobio gobio (Linnaeus, 1758)
gobio gobio
Gobio gobio
Micropterus
The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous freshwater gamefish in the Centrarchidae (sunfish) family.
largemouth bass
American Fisheries Society
CEC1993:595
Florida bass
Florida largemouth
Green trout
Micropterus salmoides
Oswego bass
Potter's fish
bigmouth bass
black bass
bucketmouth
gilsdorf bass
green bass
large mouth bass
largemouth bass
largemouth blackbass
largies
northern largemouth
southern largemouth
widemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)
Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1801)
black bass
micropterus salmoides
Micropterus salmoides
Puntius
tench
CEC1993:358
tench
Tinca tinca
Tinca tinca (Linnaeus, 1758)
tinca tinca
Tinca tinca
tiger characin
trahira
Hoplias malabaricus
bony tongues
Osteoglossidae
Gracilaria
dolphinfishes
Coryphaenidae
snake mackerels
Gempylidae
billfishes
Istiophoridae
barracudas
Sphyraenidae
cutlassfishes
Trichiuridae
sanddab
CEC1993:1125
common dab
dab
Limanda limanda
Limanda limanda (Linnaeus, 1758)
Limanda limanda Linnaeus, 1758
common dab
dab
dab, common
limanda limanda
Limanda limanda
Coregonus
searobins
Triglidae
brown bullhead
Ameiurus nebulosus
hawksbill turtle
hawksbill sea turtle
hawksbill turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766)
carey
eretmochelys imbricata
eretmochelys imbricate
hawksbill
Eretmochelys imbricata
Chelonioidea
Humulus lupulus var. cordifolius
iceland scallop
CEC1993:1345
Chlamys islandica
Chlamys islandica (Muller, 1776)
Chlamys islandica (Müller, 1776)
chlamys islandica
Chlamys islandica
celeriac
celery knob
Apium graveolens Rapaceum Group
allis shad
CEC1993:153
allis shad
Alosa alosa
Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
alewife
allice shad
alosa alosa
alosa vulgaris
clupea alosa
rock herring
Alosa alosa
Cobitinae
Myida
Rhombosolea retiaria
Adapedonta
Cardiida
Venerupis aspera
Autobranchia
Imparidentia
laver
laver
Porphyra umbilicalis
Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) Kützing 1843
nori
porphyra umbilicalis
purple laver
slake
Porphyra umbilicalis
white-mouth croaker
whitemouth croaker
Micropogonias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823)
micropoginias furnieri
Micropogonias furnieri
Menticirrhus
southern kingfish
CEC1993:724
Carolina whiting
king whiting
southern kingcroaker
southern kingfish
Menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
menticirrhus americanus
Menticirrhus americanus
gulf kingfish
CEC1993:725
Gulf kingcroaker
Gulf kingfish
Gulf whiting
channel mullet
Menticirrhus littoralis
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook 1855)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847)
Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1855)
gulf kingcroaker
menticirrhus littoralis
Menticirrhus littoralis
Nebris microps
acoupa weakfish
Cynoscion acoupa
green weakfish
Cynoscion virescens
Stellifer
Clinocardiinae
Lymnocardiinae
Incultus tuberculosus complex sp. CC-2020
Rhodymenia
Carya ovalis
Florideophyceae
Squilla mantis
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis
Palmaria
Conifers II
*Palmaria palmata* (Linnaeus) Kuntze, also called dulse, dillisk, dilsk, red dulse, sea lettuce flakes or creathnach, is a red alga (*Rhodophyta*) previously referred to as *Rhodymenia palmata* (Linnaeus) Greville. It grows on the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is a well-known snack food, and in Iceland, where it is known as söl, it has been an important source of fiber throughout the centuries.
dulse
WIKIPEDIA:Palmaria_palmata
Dulse
Palmaria palmata
Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) Kuntze 1891
palmaria palmata
rhodymenia palmata
Palmaria palmata
Tagelus
Tagelus dombeii
Mesodesmatidae
Cyclopsettidae
Squaliformes
Sander
sauger
CEC1993:611
sauger
Sander canadensis
Sander canadensis (Griffith & Smith 1834)
Sander canadensis (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
Stizostedion canadense (Smith, 1836)
canadian pike
stizostedion canadense
Sander canadensis
Damion Dooley
pike perch
CEC1993:612
pike-perch
pike-perch
pikeperch
pikeperch
sander lucioperca
stizostedion lucioperca
Sander lucioperca
Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Stizostedion lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sander lucioperca
A freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States.
walleye pike
CEC1993:613
sander vitreus
stizostedion vitreum
stizostedion vitreum vitreum
walleye
walleye
yellow pike
Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818)
Stizostedion vitreum vitreum (Mitchill, 1818)
Sander vitreus
Flueggea
"Miller intended Malus pumila (from the Latin pumilus – small) to denote the Paradise Apple, a weak, low-growing form of M. domestica used as a rootstock, which he took to be a distinct species (Bean 1981). Until very recently it has been widely used for all forms of orchard apple (otherwise known as M. domestica), and sometimes also for their primary wild progenitor (for example by Juniper & Mabberley 2006; Grimshaw & Bayton 2009). While M. pumila is the earlier name, M. domestica has been conserved (Qian et al. 2010, Applequist 2017)." - from https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/malus/malus-domestica/
paradise apple plant
PLANTS:MAPU
paradise apple
ping guo
Malus pumila Mill.
Malus pumila P. Mill.
malus pumila
malus pumila var. niedzwetzkyana
malus sylvestris var. niedzwetskyana
malus sylvestris var. paradisiaca
Malus pumila
Nepetinae
Salviinae
spinycheek crayfish
CEC1993:1269
spinycheek crayfish
Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817)
orconectes limosus
Faxonius limosus
Sardinops
chilean pilchard
CEC1993:198
South American pilchard
pacific sardine
peruvian sardine
sardinops sagax
sardinops sagax sagax
south american sardine
Sardinops sagax
Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)
Sardinops sagax de Buen, 1958
Sardinops sagax
big skate
Beringraja binoculata
longnose skate
Beringraja rhina
California ray
Beringraja inornata
pile perch
Phanerodon vacca
Chaetodipterus zonatus
Chaetodipterus zonatus
zebra-perch sea chub
Kyphosus azureus
Aroideae
skunk cabbage
Symplocarpus foetidus
malanga
ocumo
pomtajer
tania
yautia
yautia blanco
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
fennel
Anethum foeniculum
prince of wales-feather amaranth plant
PLANTS:AMHY2
grain amaranth
prince's feather
Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
amaranthus hypochondriacus
Amaranthus hypochondriacus
*Sambucus ebulus*, also known as danewort, dane weed, danesblood, dwarf elder or European dwarf elder, walewort, dwarf elderberry, elderwort and blood hilder is a herbaceous species of elder, native to southern and central Europe and southwest Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambucus_ebulus]
dwarf elder plant
PLANTS:SAEB
Sambucus ebulus L.
danewort
dwarf elderberry
sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus
*Glechoma hederacea* (syn. *Nepeta glechoma* Benth., *Nepeta hederacea* (L.) Trevir.) is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family *Lamiaceae*. It is commonly known as ground-ivy, gill-over-the-ground, creeping charlie, alehoof, tunhoof, catsfoot, field balm, and run-away-robin. *Glechoma* has culinary and medicinal uses which were the cause of its being imported to America by early European settlers. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glechoma_hederacea]
ground ivy plant
PLANTS:GLHE2
gill-over-the-ground
ground ivy
Glechoma hederacea L.
glechoma hederacea
groundivy
nepeta glechoma
nepeta hederacea
Glechoma hederacea
*Pinus mugo*, known as creeping pine, dwarf mountainpine, mugo pine, mountain pine, scrub mountain pine or Swiss mountain pine, is a species of conifer, native to high elevation habitats from southwestern to Central Europe. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_mugo]
mugo pine plant
PLANTS:PIMU80
mountain pine
mugo pine
Pinus mugo Turra
dwarf mountainpine
pinus mugo
Pinus mugo
Coilia
rat-tail anchovy
CEC1993:210
Osbeck's grenadier anchovy
phoenix-tailed anchovy
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coilia mystus
osbeck's grenadier anchovy
Coilia mystus
Alcidae
black guillemot
Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus, 1758)
cepphus grylle
guillemot
Cepphus grylle
brown algae
Phaeophyceae
Fratercula
The Atlantic Puffin (*Fratercula arctica*) is a seabird species in the auk family. It is a pelagic bird that feeds primarily by diving for fish, but also eats other sea creatures, such as squid and crustaceans. Its most obvious characteristic during the breeding season is its brightly coloured bill. Also known as the Common Puffin, it is the only puffin species which is found in the Atlantic Ocean. The curious appearance of the bird, with its large colourful bill and its striking piebald plumage, has given rise to nicknames such as '"clown of the ocean" and "sea parrot".
atlantic puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Atlantic_Puffin
Atlantic puffin
Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus, 1758)
fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica
The Horned Puffin (*Fratercula corniculata*) is an auk, similar in appearance to the Atlantic Puffin; this bird's bill is yellow at the base and red at the tip. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often with other auks.
horned puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Horned_Puffin
Fratercula corniculata (Naumann, 1821)
fratercula corniculata
Fratercula corniculata
Notropis
Centropomus
Centropomus pectinatus
Centropomus ensiferus
Centropomus mexicanus
Centropomus parallelus
common snook
CEC1993:555
common snook
Centropomus undecimalis
Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792)
centropomus undecimalis
Centropomus undecimalis
Solea
Senegalese sole
Solea senegalensis
Cucumaria
Laminariales
armoured lobster
Metanephrops armatus Chan & Yu, 1991
Metanephrops armatus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops armatus
Metanephrops armatus
Alariaceae
*Alaria esculenta* is an edible seaweed, also known as dabberlocks or badderlocks, or winged kelp. It is a traditional food along the coasts of the far north Atlantic Ocean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaria_esculenta]
badderlocks
Atlantic wakame
badderlocks
henware
murlin
Alaria esculenta
Alaria esculenta (Linnaeus) Greville, 1830
alaria esculenta
babberlocks
dabberlocks
Alaria esculenta
shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatum
Boletus edulis var. pusteriensis
european beech plant
PLANTS:FASY
European beech
Fagus sylvatica L.
fagus sylvatica
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *EUROPEAN BEECH [B4248]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Fagus sylvatica
common ponyfish
Leiognathus equula
Dracontomelon
carambola tree
MANSFELD:11132
PLANTS:AVCA
Averrhoa carambola L.
averrhoa carambola
star fruit tree
Averrhoa carambola
Public domain
Francisco Manuel Blanco (O.S.A.)
Sclerocarya
*Semecarpus anacardium* is a native of India, found in the outer Himalayas to Coromandel Coast. It is closely related to the cashew.It is known as bhallatak in India and was called "marking nut" by Europeans, because it was used by washermen to mark cloth and clothing before washing, as it imparted a water insoluble mark to the cloth. It is also known as ker beeja in Kannada and bibba in Marathi.
oriental cashew plant
WIKIPEDIA:Semecarpus_anacardium
PLANTS:SEAN7
Semecarpus anacardium L. f.
markingnut tree
semecarpus anacardium
Semecarpus anacardium
Pleurotus cystidiosus
Pleurotus pulmonarius
Thoracicalcarea
blue shrimp
blue shrimp
Litopenaeus stylirostris
Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874)
Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson 1874
litopenaeus stylirostris
pacific blue shrimp
penaeus stylirostris
Penaeus stylirostris
pacific snapper
FDA.RFE.2010:32
Pacific red snapper
Lutjanus peru
Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922)
Lutjanus peru (Nichols and Murphy, 1922)
lutjanus peru
pacific red snapper
Lutjanus peru
*Jubaea* is a genus of palms (family *Arecaceae*) with one species, *Jubaea chilensis*, or *J. spectabilis*, the Chilean wine palm or Chile cocopalm. The common name refers to the past use of the sap from the trunk of this palm to produce a fermented beverage. The sap is also boiled down into a syrup and sold locally as miel de palma. The tree also produces small round fruits that are about 2-3 centimetres (0.79-1.18 in) in diameter. The fruit has a very hard outer shell and whitish meat on the inside, like a miniature coconut. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubaea]
chile cocopalm plant
PLANTS:JUCH3
Jubaea chilensis (Molina) Baill.
chilean coco palm
chilean wine palm
jubaea chilensis
jubaea spectabilis
Jubaea chilensis
brown rock shrimp
CEC1993:1239
Sicyonia brevirostris
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1871
Sicyonia brevirostris Stimpson, 1874
sicyonia brevirostris
Sicyonia brevirostris
Geothelphusa dehaani
Chionoecetes japonicus
The polar bear (*Ursus maritimus*) is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size. Although it is closely related to the brown bear, it has evolved to occupy a narrower ecological niche, with many body characteristics adapted for cold temperatures, for moving across snow, ice, and open water, and for hunting the seals which make up most of its diet.
polar bear
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_maritimus
MSW3:14000987
polar bear
white bear
Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774
ursus maritimus
Ursus maritimus
Neoheterodontei
shiba shrimp
CEC1993:1195
Metapenaeus joyneri (Miers, 1880)
metapenaeus joyneri
Metapenaeus joyneri
Paullinia
paulinia plant
PLANTS:PAPI4
timbo
Paullinia pinnata L.
barbasco
bread and cheese
paullinia pinnata
Paullinia pinnata
Heterocarpus laevigatus
redvein dock plant
PLANTS:RUSA2
Rumex sanguineus L.
bloodwort dock
rumex sanguineus
wood dock
Rumex sanguineus
beavers
Castoridae
dugong and sea cow
Dugongidae
The dugong (*Dugong dugon*) is a medium-sized marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order *Sirenia*, which also includes three species of manatees. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugong]
dugong
MSW3:11600005
dugong
Dugong dugon (Muller, 1776)
Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776)
Dugong dugon Müller, 1776
dugong dugon
Dugong dugon
Atelecyclidae
milkfish and others
Gonorynchiformes
milkfish
Chanidae
milkfish
CEC1993:226
FDA.RFE.2010:11
milkfish
Chanos chanos
Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
chanos chanos
Chanos chanos
surgeonfishes
Acanthuridae
nile perch
CEC1993:558
Nile perch
Lates niloticus
Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lake victoria perch
lates niloticus
Lates niloticus
spotted chub mackerel
CEC1993:971
blue mackerel
slimy mackerel
southern mackerel
spotted mackerel
Scomber australasicus
Scomber australasicus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1831
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832
scomber antarcticus
scomber australasicus
scomber tapeinocephalus
Scomber australasicus
european smelt
CEC1993:268
European smelt
Osmerus eperlanus
Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Osmerus eperlanus Linnaeus, 1758
osmerus eperlanus
Osmerus eperlanus
Micropogonias
atlantic croaker
CEC1993:730
Atlantic croaker
Micropogonias undulatus
Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
croaker, atlantic
micropogonias undulatus
Micropogonias undulatus
mediterranean mussel
CEC1993:1361
Mediterranean mussel
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819
mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus galloprovincialis
The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (*Magallana gigas*) (previously *Crassostrea gigas*), is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_oyster]
pacific giant oyster
CEC1993:1331
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793)
crassostrea angulata
crassostrea gigas
magallana gigas
pacific cupped oyster
pacific oyster
portuguese cupped oyster
portuguese oyster
Crassostrea gigas
queen conch
pink conch
queen conch
Strombus gigas
Strombus gigas Linnaeus, 1758
strombus gigas
Aliger gigas
karite-nu
shea-buttertree
Vitellaria paradoxa
Larreoideae
brown-marbled grouper
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
highfin grouper
Epinephelus maculatus
bigwing halfbeak
Oxyporhamphus micropterus
Cheilopogon
sharpchin flyingfish
Fodiator acutus
stained flyingfish
Cheilopogon spilonotopterus
grass shrimp
Palaemonetes vulgaris
Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say, 1818)
common american prawn
common grass shrimp
marsh grass shrimp
marsh shrimp
palaemonetes vulgaris
Palaemon vulgaris
magister armhook squid
Berryteuthis magister
Pennyroyal refers to two plants in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*. The European pennyroyal, *Mentha pulegium*, (also called Squaw Mint, Mosquito Plant, and Pudding Grass), is a plant in the mint genus, within the family *Lamiaceae*. Crushed Pennyroyal leaves exhibit a very strong fragrance similar to spearmint. Pennyroyal is a traditional culinary herb, folk remedy, and abortifacient. The essential oil of pennyroyal is used in aromatherapy, and is also high in pulegone, a highly toxic volatile organic compound affecting liver and uterine function.
european pennyroyal plant
PLANTS:MEPU
pennyroyoal
Mentha pulegium L.
mentha pulegium
pennyroyal
Mentha pulegium
*Mentha requienii*, or Corsican mint, is a herb and species of mint, native to Corsica, Sardinia, and mainland Italy, and naturalized in Portugal and in the British Isles. It is a very low-growing species with bright green leaves and a strong minty aroma. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha_requienii]
corsican mint plant
PLANTS:MERE7
Corsican mint
Mentha requienii Benth.
mentha requienii
Mentha requienii
weathervane scallop
Patinopecten caurinus
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould 1850)
Patinopecten caurinus (Gould, 1850)
patinopecten caurinus
Patinopecten caurinus
bata
Labeo bata
Cellana denticulata
*Phyllanthus emblica* (syn. *Emblica officinalis*), the Indian gooseberry ... is a deciduous tree of the family *Phyllanthaceae*. It is known for its edible fruit of the same name.
indian gooseberry tree
WIKIPEDIA:Phyllanthus_emblica
PLANTS:PHEM2
Indian-gooseberry
amla
emblic
Phyllanthus emblica L.
aonla
emblic
emblic myrobalan
indian-gooseberry
phyllanthus emblica
Emblica officinalis
brown moray
Gymnothorax unicolor
*Diplazium esculentum*, the vegetable fern, is an edible fern found throughout Asia and Oceania. It is probably the most commonly consumed fern. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplazium_esculentum]
vegetable fern plant
PLANTS:DIES
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.
diplazium esculentum
Diplazium esculentum
yellow guinea yam plant
CCPR:
MANSFELD:18799
PLANTS:DICA25
Dioscorea cayennensis
Lagos yam
twelve-months yam
yellow Guinea yam
yellow yam
Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.
twelve-months yam
yellow yam
Dioscorea cayenensis
Spearmint (binomial *Mentha spicata*, synonym *Mentha viridis*), also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is a species of mint native to much of Europe and Asia (Middle East, Himalayas, China etc.), and naturalized in parts of northern and western Africa, North America, and South America, as well as various oceanic islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearmint]
spearmint plant
MANSFELD:16164
PLANTS:MESP3
spearmint
Mentha spicata L.
Mentha spicata L. emend L.
mentha spicata
mentha viridis
Mentha spicata
Cultivars have striking yellow, red, and green foliage. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_tricolor]
chinese amaranth plant
PLANTS:AMTR2
Chinese spinach
tampala
Amaranthus tricolor L.
amaranthus tricolor
joseph's-coat
Amaranthus tricolor
arugula plant
2021-02-10T23:17:07Z
MANSFELD:24173
arugula
garden rocket
Eruca sativa Mill.
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa (P. Mill.) Thellung
arugula
eruca sativa
eruca vesicaria sativa
rocket-salad
rugula
Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
Bison bison x Bos taurus
beefalo
Bos taurus x Bison bison
common grape plant
2021-06-16T15:21:26Z
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Vitis-vinifera.JPG
MANSFELD:3182
PLANTS:VIVI5
common grape
common grape vine
european grape
vitis vinifera
wine grape
Vitis vinifera L.
Vitis vinifera
Zanthoxyloideae
Bonga shad
Ethmalosa fimbriata
mango plant
MANSFELD:28253
PLANTS:MAIN3
mango
Mangifera indica L.
indian mango
mangifera indica
Mangifera indica
cart-track plant
common plantain
white-man's-foot
Plantago major
Clitocybaceae
Tricholomatineae
Agaricineae
Pluteineae
Marasmiineae
Viola subgen. Viola
2022-09-18T14:13:58Z
ear fungus
jelly ear
jew ear
judas' ear fungus
wood ear
Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél., 1886
Auricularia auricula-judae
Chinese wood ear
Auricularia polytricha
kegani crab
Erimacrus isenbeckii
Erimacrus isenbeckii (Brandt, 1848)
erimacrus isenbeckii
hair crab
Erimacrus isenbeckii
The Indian prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, formerly Penaeus indicus), is one of the major commercial prawn species of the world. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern and south-eastern Africa, through India, Malaysia and Indonesia to southern China and northern Australia
Dalia AlGhamdi
Indian prawn
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_prawn
Penaeus indicus
Grapsoidea
Cancroidea
dungeness crab
CEC1993:1275
Dungeness crab
Cancer magister
Cancer magister Dana, 1852
cancer magister
Metacarcinus magister
*Canarium album* produces a fruit - sometimes called an "olive" or "white olive", but no relation to Olea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarium_album]
chinese white olive plant
PLANTS:CAAL31
Chinese white-olive
Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.
Canarium album (Lour.) Rausch.
canarium album
Canarium album
Chelonodon
Hypomesus pretiosus
Variola
chameleon sea bass
lunartail grouper
lyretail grouper
yellow-edged lyretail
yellowedge coronation trout
Variola louti
Anthomyiidae
acorn squash
ornamental gourd
pattypan squash
summer crookneck squash
Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera
Fucales
jumping plantlice
psyllids
Psyllidae
narrowfruit cornsalad plant
PLANTS:VADE3
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich
valerianella dentata
Valerianella dentata
Fucaceae
Fucus
Capparaceae
Pecten novaezelandiae
A small, well-branched tree or shrub from the family Annonaceae that bears edible fruits called sugar-apples or sweetsops. It tolerates a tropical lowland climate better than its relatives Annona reticulata and Annona cherimola, helping make it the most widely cultivated of these species.
Damion Dooley
sweetsop plant
MANSFELD:28762
PLANTS:ANSQ
annona squamosa
ata
custard-apple
seet sop
sugar apple
sugar-apple
sweetsop
Annona squamosa L.
Annona squamosa
pond apple plant
MANSFELD:28730
PLANTS:ANGL4
alligator-apple
palo boboInOwl
pond-apple
Annona glabra L.
Annona glabra
Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae, native to south and central america. It is best known for its fruit, called custard apple, a common name it shares with fruits of several other species in the same genus.
custard apple tree
MANSFELD:28755
PLANTS:ANRE
anona corazon
bullock's-heart
maman
Annona reticulata L.
annona reticulata
bullock's heart
corazon
jamaica apple
Annona reticulata
Mytilinae
A large fish found predominantly in the Southern Ocean, but found in northern hemisphere waters during certain times of the year.
yellowtail
CEC1993:651
FDA.RFE.2010:81
california yellowtail
great amberjack
seriola lalandei
yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail fish
yellowtail jack
Seriola lalandei
Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833
Seriola lalandi
[Public domain]
A. R. Mc Culloch
oceanic whitetip shark
Carcharhinus longimanus
swamp barb
Puntius chola
Passiflora edulis f. edulis
Gentianeae
Ranoidea
Ranoidea <superfamily>
grey triggerfish
Balistes capriscus
queen triggerfish
Balistes vetula
Canthidermis
spotted oceanic triggerfish
Canthidermis maculata
Abalistes stellatus
Aluterus
fringed filefish
Monacanthus ciliatus
Meuschenia
honeycomb cowfish
Acanthostracion polygonius
bandtail puffer
bandtail puffer
Sphoeroides spengleri
Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785)
sphoeroides spengleri
Sphoeroides spengleri
sandsmelt
CEC1993:543
sand smelt
Atherina presbyter Cuvier, 1829
atherina presbyter
Atherina presbyter
blacknose shark
Carcharhinus acronotus
bignose shark
Carcharhinus altimus
finetooth shark
Carcharhinus isodon
carribean reef shark
Caribbean reef shark
reef shark
Carcharhinus perezii
Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876)
carcharhinus perezii
Carcharhinus perezii
night shark
night shark
Carcharhinus signatus
Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868)
carcharhinus signatus
Carcharhinus signatus
atlantic angel shark
sand devil
Squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril Lesueur, 1818
atlantic angelshark
monkfish
nurse fish
sand devil
squatina dumeril
Squatina dumeril
Indian threadfish
Scyris indica
Lagopus
green algae
Chlorophyta
The tomatillo (*Physalis philadelphica*), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical and green or green-purple fruit of the same name.
mexican ground cherry plant
PLANTS:PHPH2
Mexican groundcherry
Physalis philadelphica Lam.
jamberry
mexican groundcherry
mexican husk tomato
physalis ixocarpa
physalis philadelphica
tomatillo
Physalis philadelphica
Belonging to the *Solanaceae* family of perennial herbs, *Physalis minima* is known by several names - native gooseberry, wild cape gooseberry and pygmy groundcherry are some of the popular common names in English. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physalis_minima]
pygmy groundcherry plant
PLANTS:PHMI14
pygmy groundcherry
Physalis minima L.
physalis minima
wild cape gooseberry
Physalis minima
Rabenkraehe
carrion crow
Corvus corone
parrotfish
parrotfishes
Scarines
The obscure snakehead, *Parachanna obscura*, is a medium-sized carnivorous fish that has an elongated shape tapered on both ends and is covered in medium circular scales (cycloid). The head, resembling a snake, is long and depressed anteriorly and covered with cycloid scales slightly larger than those scales on the body. This species is found in central Africa along the western coastline from as far north as Senegal to as far south as Zaire and into central Africa into southwest Sudan. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscure_snakehead]
snakehead
Parachanna obscura
Parachanna obscura (Günther, 1861)
ophicephalus obscurus
parachanna obscura
snake-head
Parachanna obscura
spotted snakehead
Channa punctata
Platythelphusa
shearwaters and petrels
Procellariidae
Puffinus
Fulmarus
The northern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialis*), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant sea bird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one which is almost entirely white, and a dark one which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the *Procellariidae* family, which include petrels and shearwaters. It and the southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialodes*) together comprise the only extant species in the genus Fulmarus.
northern fulmar
WIKIPEDIA:Northern_fulmar
Northern fulmar
Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus, 1761)
arctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialis
Fulmarus glacialis
owls
Strigiformes
Strigidae
hardnose skates
Rajidae
ground sharks
Carcharhiniformes
Babylonia areolata
leopard shark
CEC1993:56
leopard shark
Triakis semifasciata
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1854
Triakis semifasciata Girard, 1855
triakis semifasciata
Triakis semifasciata
Lamniformes
sand tiger shark
sand tiger
sand tiger shark
Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810
carcharias taurus
odontaspis taurus
sand shark
Carcharias taurus
dogfish sharks
Squalidae
Acropomatiformes
A large domestic bovine distributed in Northeast India, Bangladesh, northern Myanmar and in Yunnan, China.
gayal
MSW3:14200675
Bos frontalis
gayal
mithun
mithun
Bos frontalis Lambert, 1804
mithan
Bos frontalis
The yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired humped domestic bovine found in Tibet and throughout the Himalayan region of south central Asia. In Tibetan, the word yak refers only to the male of the species; a female is a dri or nak. In English, however, yak is usually used for both sexes. Wild yaks (Bos mutus) stand about two meters tall at the shoulder. Domestic yaks are about half that height. Both types have long shaggy hair to insulate them from the cold. Wild yaks can be either brown or black. Domesticated ones can also be white. Both males and females have horns. The word Yak is also used to describe an irritating or disagreeable individual.
yak
WIKIPEDIA:Yak
MSW3:14200680
domestic yak
yak
Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766
bos grunniens
grunting ox
Bos grunniens
fallow deer
MSW3:14200389
Texas fallow deer
Texas fallow deers
fallow deer
Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dama dama Linnaeus, 1758
dama dama
Dama dama
musk deer
Moschidae
right whales
Balaenidae
Little Millet (*Panicum sumatrense*, Syn.: *Panicum miliare* auct. non Lam.) is a species of millet in the family *Poaceae*.
little millet plant
WIKIPEDIA:Panicum_sumatrense
PLANTS:PASU34
Panicum sumatrense Roth
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roemer & Schultes
panicum sumatrense
Panicum sumatrense
Grimothea gregaria
brownspotted rockcod
brown spotted reef cod
brownspotted grouper
Epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
epinephelus chlorostigma
Epinephelus chlorostigma
spinycheek grouper
Epinephelus diacanthus
striped grouper
Epinephelus latifasciatus
longspine grouper
Epinephelus longispinis
wild custard apple plant
PLANTS:ANSE16
wild custard-apple
Annona senegalensis Pers.
annona chrysophylla
annona porpetac
annona senegalensis
annona senegalensis var. latifolia
annona senegalensis var. porpetac
wild bullock's heart
wild soursop
Annona senegalensis
california bay shrimp
California bay shrimp
Crangon franciscorum
Crangon franciscorum Stimpson, 1856
california shrimp
crangon franciscorum
Crangon franciscorum
Narcine brasiliensis
Chlorella
Pacific herring
Clupea pallasii
Cobitoidei
Cyprinoidei
pinnipeds
Pinnipedia
Musteloidea
deep body anchovy
Anchoa compressa
morid cod
morid cods
Moridae
Bennett's flyingfish
Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus
grenadiers
rattails
Macrouridae
Phractolaeminae
*Opuntia polyacantha* is a common species of cactus known by the common names plains pricklypear, hairspine cactus, panhandle pricklypear, and starvation pricklypear. It is native to North America, where it is widespread in western Canada, the central and western United States, and northern Mexico.
plains pricklypear plant
WIKIPEDIA:Opuntia_polyacantha
PLANTS:OPPO
hairspine cactus
opuntia polyacantha
panhandle pricklypear
plains prickly pear
plains pricklypear
starvation prickle
starvation pricklypear
Opuntia polyacantha Haw.
Opuntia polyacantha
anglerfish
Lophius litulon
striped shore crab
Pachygrapsus crassipes J. W. Randall, 1840
lined shore crab
pachygrapsus crassipes
Pachygrapsus crassipes
Apostichopus
A species of sleeper goby found on the Pacific coast of the Americas from around Palos Verdes, California, to Peru, where it can be found in stagnant or sluggish fresh or brackish waters or nearby marine waters. This species is important to local commercial fisheries and is actively farmed.
pacific fat sleeper
Dormitator latifrons
Dormitator latifrons (Richardson, 1844)
Dormitator latifrons
bonnetmouths
grunts
Haemulidae
sea chubs
Kyphosidae
ponyfishes
slimys
slipmouths
Leiognathidae
emperors
scavengers
Lethrinidae
fusiliers
snappers
Lutjanidae
tilefishes
Malacanthidae
fingerfishes
moonfishes
Monodactylidae
goatfishes
Mullidae
*Echinacea angustifolia*, the narrow-leaved purple coneflower or blacksamson echinacea, is a North American plant species in sunflower family. Many Native American groups used this plant for a variety of medicinal purposes, including pain relief and relief of colds and toothaches. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinacea_angustifolia]
narrow-leaf purple coneflower plant
PLANTS:ECAN2
Kansas snakeroot
black sampson
Echinacea angustifolia DC.
blacksamson echinacea
echinacea angustifolia
narrow-leaf echinacea
Echinacea angustifolia
banded grouper
Epinephelus amblycephalus
snubnose grouper
Epinephelus macrospilos
specked blue grouper
Epinephelus cyanopodus
threadfin breams
Nemipteridae
armorheads
Pentacerotidae
angelfishes
Pomacanthidae
damselfishes
Pomacentridae
bluefishes
Pomatomidae
bigeyes
Priacanthidae
cobia
Rachycentridae
croakers
drums
Sciaenidae
sea basses
Serranidae
Paralabrax
barred sand bass
Paralabrax nebulifer
smelt-whitings
Sillaginidae
grunters
tigerperches
Terapontidae
silver seatrout
Cynoscion nothus
snakeheads
Channidae
catjang
catjang cowpea
sow-pea
Vigna cylindrica
threadfins
Polynemidae
chinese banyan plant
PLANTS:FITH2
Ficus thonningii Blume
ficus bongoensis
ficus dekdekena
ficus sassandrensis
ficus spragueana
ficus thonning
ficus thonningii
small figtree
Ficus thonningii
*Pyrus ussuriensis*, also known as the Ussurian pear, Harbin pear, and Manchurian pear, is a species of flowering plant in the family *Rosaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrus_ussuriensis]
chinese pear plant
PLANTS:PYUS2
Harbin pear
Manchurian pear
qiu zi li
Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.
Ussurian pear
pyrus ussuriensis
Pyrus ussuriensis
*Saccharina latissima* is a brown algae (class *Phaeophyceae*), of the family *Laminariaceae*. It is also known by the common names sea belt and Devil's apron, due to its shape. It is found in the north east Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea south to Galicia in Spain. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharina_latissima]
sea belt
ALGAEBASE:80
Laminaria saccharina
Laminaria saccharina (Linnaeus) J.V. Lamouroux, 1813
devil's apron
laminaria saccharina
saccharina latissima
sugar kelp
Saccharina latissima
Pleuronectoidei
Hippoglossoides
flathead sole
CEC1993:1117
flathead sole
Hippoglossoides elassodon
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
Hippoglossoides elassodon Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
hippoglossoides elassodon
sole, flathead
Hippoglossoides elassodon
soles
Soleidae
psettodids
Psettodidae
mudminnows
Umbridae
capelin
CEC1993:266
capelin
Mallotus villosus
Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)
mallotus villosus
Mallotus villosus
cutthroat trout
CEC1993:249
cutthroat trout
Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson 1836)
Oncorhynchus clarkii
Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson, 1836)
Salmo clarki Richardson, 1836
oncorhynchus clarki
salmo clarki
Oncorhynchus clarkii
fathead sculpins
fatheads
Psychrolutidae
greenlings
Hexagrammidae
sablefishes
Anoplopomatidae
sheatfishes
Siluridae
Pseudoplatystoma
pintado
spotted shovelnose
spotted sorubim
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
Pangasianodon
sixbar grouper
Epinephelus sexfasciatus
mekong giant catfish
Mekong giant catfish
giant catfish
Pangasius gigas
Pangasius gigas (Chevey, 1931)
giant catfish
pangasius gigas
Pangasianodon gigas
peacock hind
Cephalopholis argus
schilbeid catfishes
schilbid catfishes
Schilbidae
long-wiskered catfishes
loweye catfishes
Pimelodidae
airbreathing catfishes
Clariidae
callichthyid armored catfishes
Callichthyidae
bagrid catfishes
Bagridae
sea catfishes
Ariidae
pufferfishes and others
Tetraodontiformes
Balistoidea
leatherjackets
triggerfishes
Balistidae
boxfishes
Ostraciidae
Tetraodontoidei
molas
Molidae
puffer fishes
puffers
Tetraodontidae
Takifugu
porcupinefishes
Diodontidae
Queensland grouper
brindlebass
giant grouper
king grouper
Epinephelus lanceolatus
Osteoglossomorpha
mooneyes
Hiodontidae
featherbacks
knifefishes
Notopteridae
sutchi catfish
Sutchi catfish
Thailand catfish
iridescent shark-catfish
striped catfish
Pangasius hypophthalmus
Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
pangasius hypophthalmus
striped catfish
Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
dories and others
Zeiformes
oreos
Oreosomatidae
dories
Zeidae
Saxidomus
Ulvales
Indonesian featherback
Chitala lopis
dark green nori
Enteromorpha prolifera (O. F. Mueller) J. Agardh
Enteromorpha prolifera (O.F. Müller) J. Agardh 1883
aonori
enteromorpha prolifera
Ulva prolifera
Echinometridae
Afrotheria
sea lettuces
Ulva
Strongylocentrotidae
Argopecten
bay scallop
CEC1993:1344
bay scallop
Argopecten irradians
Argopecten irradians (Lamarck, 1819)
argopecten irradians
Argopecten irradians
Mactromeris
Mactromeris polynyma
Tresus
Tresus capax
golden cuttlefish
Sepia esculenta
Littorinidae
common periwinkle
Littorina littorea
Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)
littorina littorea
periwinkle, common
Littorina littorea
Claytonia lanceolata
snakeskin gourami
Trichopodus pectoralis
Bangiaceae
Anisotremus
xantic sargo
Anisotremus davidsonii
Laurasiatheria
Euarchontoglires
Rodents and rabbits
Glires
halfmoon
Medialuna californiensis
Lobotes
Pacific tripletail
Lobotes pacificus
Simiiformes
Gracilariaceae
Fissurella
black ruff
CEC1993:1030
blackfish
Centrolophus niger
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1788)
Centrolophus niger (Gmelin, 1789)
centrolophus niger
Centrolophus niger
imperial barrelfish
Schedophilus ovalis
Seriolella
white warehou
white warehou
Seriolella caerulea Guichenot, 1848
seriolella caerulea
Seriolella caerulea
blue warehou
common warehou
Seriolella brama
Seriolella brama (Günther, 1860)
seriolella brama
travelle
Seriolella brama
silverfish
silver warehou
Seriolella punctata
Seriolella punctata (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Seriolella punctata (Forster, 1801)
polysteganus argyrosomus
seriolella maculata
seriolella punctata
silver warehou
Seriolella punctata
gizzard shads
Dorosomatinae
Nematalosa
Fissurella maxima
Fissurella limbata
sabrefish
Pelecus cultratus
pink spiny lobster
CEC1993:1255
Palinurus mauritanicus
Palinurus mauritanicus Gruvel, 1911
palinurus mauritanicus
Palinurus mauritanicus
Heroini
Pseudocrenilabrinae
Cichlasomatinae
New World cichlids
amarillo snapper
CEC1993:681
yellow snapper
Lutjanus argentiventris
Lutjanus argentiventris (Peters, 1869)
lutjanus argentiventris
snapper, amarillo
Lutjanus argentiventris
Caulolatilus
bighead tilefish
Caulolatilus affinis
ocean whitefish
Caulolatilus princeps
Pseudupeneus grandisquamis
bat eagle ray
bat ray
Myliobatis californica
oxeye oreo
Allocyttus folletti Myers, 1960
allocyttus folletti
Allocyttus folletti
basketweave cusk-eel
basketweave cusk-eel
Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916)
ophidion scrippsae
Ophidion scrippsae
Pacific sanddab
Citharichthys sordidus
california halibut
California flounder
Paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus (Ayres, 1859)
halibut, california
paralichthys californicus
Paralichthys californicus
*Chaenomeles japonica*, known as Maule's quince, is a species of flowering quince. The fruit is edible, but hard and astringent-tasting, unless bletted. The fruit is occasionally used in jam, jelly and pie making as a substitute for its cousin, the true quince, Cydonia oblonga. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaenomeles_japonica]
japanese quince plant
PLANTS:CHJA2
flowering quince
he yuan zi
Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex Spach
chaenomeles japonica
flowering-quince
maule's quince
Chaenomeles japonica
honeycomb moray
Muraena melanotis
stout moray
Muraena robusta
deepsea sole
Embassichthys bathybius
diamond turbot
Hypsopsetta guttulata
curlfin sole
Pleuronichthys decurrens
spotted turbot
Pleuronichthys ritteri
Polydactylus
blue boboInOwl
Polydactylus approximans
black croaker
Cheilotrema saturnum
shortfin corvina
shortfin weakfish
Cynoscion parvipinnis
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres 1861
Cynoscion parvipinnis Ayres, 1861
cynoscion parvipinnis
Cynoscion parvipinnis
Genyonemus
white croaker
CEC1993:721
white croaker
Genyonemus lineatus
Genyonemus lineatus (Ayres, 1855)
croaker, white
genyonemus lineatus
Genyonemus lineatus
california corbina
California corbina
California kingcroaker
Menticirrhus undulatus
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard 1854)
Menticirrhus undulatus (Girard, 1854)
menticirrhus undulatus
Menticirrhus undulatus
spotfin croaker
Roncador stearnsii
yellowfin drum
Umbrina roncador
broomtail grouper
Mycteroperca xenarcha
California pompano
Pacific pompano
Peprilus simillimus
grey smooth-hound
Mustelus californicus
slender tuna
slender tuna
Allothunnus fallai
Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948
allothunnus fallai
Allothunnus fallai
bighead goby
CEC1993:1046
bighead goby
Neogobius kessleri (Günther, 1861)
neogobius kessleri
Ponticola kessleri
halfbanded rockfish
Sebastes semicinctus
Prionotus
lumptail searobin
Prionotus stephanophrys
Pacific cubera snapper
Lutjanus novemfasciatus
*Trichosanthes dioica*, also known as pointed gourd, is a vine plant in the *Cucurbitaceae* family, similar to cucumber and squash, though unlike those it is perennial. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichosanthes_dioica]
pointed gourd plant
PLANTS:TRDI7
palwal
pointed gourd
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.
trichosanthes dioica
Trichosanthes dioica
Dennstaedtiaceae
Pteridium
japanese spanish mackerel
CEC1993:985
Japanese Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus niphonius
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1831)
Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832)
scomberomorus niphonius
Scomberomorus niphonius
strawberry raspberry plant
PLANTS:RUIL
Rubus illecebrosus Focke
rubus illecebrosus
Rubus sorbifolius
The pecan, *Carya illinoinensis*, is a species of hickory, native to south-central North America, in Mexico from Coahuila south to Jalisco and Veracruz, in the United States from southern Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, and Indiana east to western Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and western Tennessee, south through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Florida, and west into New Mexico.
pecan tree
WIKIPEDIA:Pecan
MANSFELD:11946
PLANTS:CAIL2
pecan
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch
carya illinoinensis
carya pecan
pecan nut
"Pecan" is from an Algonquian word, meaning a nut requiring a stone to crack. In Mexico, pecans and walnuts share the same Spanish name, nuez, which is a cognate of the English word nut.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pecan fruit (drupaceous nut) index both *PECAN [B1320]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
Carya illinoinensis
Bengal loach
Botia dario
*Amelanchier alnifolia*, the saskatoon, Pacific serviceberry, western serviceberry, alder-leaf shadbush, dwarf shadbush, chuckley pear, or western juneberry, is a shrub with edible berry-like fruit, native to North America from Alaska across most of western Canada and in the western and north-central United States. Historically, it was also called pigeon berry.
saskatoon plant
PLANTS:AMAL2
Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex M. Roem.
amelanchier alnifolia
pacific serviceberry
Amelanchier alnifolia
Walter Siegmund
loquat plant
MANSFELD:8991
PLANTS:ERJA3
loquat
Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
eriobotrya japonica
japanese medlar
japanese plum (eriobotrya)
Eriobotrya japonica
*Quillaja saponaria*, the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family *Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. Soap bark tree has a long history of medicinal use with the Andean people who used it especially as a treatment for various chest problems. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quillaja_saponaria]
soapbark plant
PLANTS:QUSA4
Quillaja saponaria Molina
quillaja saponaria
soap-bark tree
Quillaja saponaria
European raspberry
red raspberry
Rubus idaeus
Metapenaeus
Metapenaeus ensis
lesser yam plant
MANSFELD:18717
PLANTS:DIES2
Asiatic yam
gan shu
lesser yam
Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill
asiatic yam
chinese sweet potato
chinese yam
dioscorea esculenta
Dioscorea esculenta
oblique-banded grouper
Epinephelus radiatus
nectarine
Prunus persica var. nucipersica
Prunus persica var. persica
Prunus persica f. compressa
Prunus persica var. potaninii
teleost fishes
Teleostei
herrings and anchovies
Clupeiformes
clubmoss family
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium
Ostariophysi
Elopomorpha
tetrapods
Tetrapoda
amniotes
Amniota
Theria
Theria <mammals>
Equisetaceae
diapsids
Sauria
*Equisetum arvense*, the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial horsetail native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. *Equisetum arvense* has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine internally as tea, or externally as baths or compresses, for treatment of disorders of the skin, locomotor system, kidneys and urinary tract, rheumatism and gout. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equisetum_arvense]
filed horsetail plant
PLANTS:EQAR
common horsetail
field horsetail
Equisetum arvense L.
common horsetail
equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense
golden trevally
Gnathanodon speciosus
Polypodiales
A species in the genus Ziziphus which produces jujube fruit.
2022-02-20T05:14:15Z
PLANTS:ZIZI
Chinese jujube
Zizyphus jujuba
chinese red date
common jujube
zao
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) Karst.
chinese date
chinese jujube
common jujube
jujube nut
red date
rhamnus ziziphus
ziziphus jujuba
ziziphus lotus
ziziphus vulgaris
ziziphus ziziphus
zizyphus sativa
Ziziphus jujuba
Polypodiaceae
*Matteuccia* is a genus of ferns with one species, *Matteuccia struthiopteris* (common names ostrich fern, fiddlehead fern or shuttlecock fern). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matteuccia]
ostrich fern plant
ostrich fern
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.
matteuccia struthiopteris
Matteuccia struthiopteris
Aethaloperca rogaa
tiger grouper
Mycteroperca tigris
Paranthias furcifer
halfmoon grouper
Epinephelus rivulatus
mottled grouper
Mycteroperca rubra
Cephalopholis taeniops
splittail bass
Hemanthias peruanus
Acanthistius
squaretail coralgrouper
Plectropomus areolatus
comet grouper
Epinephelus morrhua
crossband rockfish
grey mannock
harlequin rockfish
princess rockfish
salmon rockfish
yellowmouth grouper
Mycteroperca interstitialis
netfin grouper
Epinephelus miliaris
Osmundaceae
Sichuan-pepper
hua jiao
Zanthoxylum bungeanum
*Osmunda regalis*, or royal fern, is a species of deciduous fern, native to Europe, Africa and Asia, growing in woodland bogs and on the banks of streams. The species is sometimes known as flowering fern due to the appearance of its fertile fronds. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmunda_regalis]
royal fern plant
IT IS:17218
PLANTS:OSRE
PLANTS:OSRES
royal fern
Osmunda regalis L.
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray
osmunda regalis
Osmunda regalis
bester
Acipenser ruthenus x Huso huso
finescale menhaden
Brevoortia gunteri
yellowfin menhaden
Brevoortia smithi
*Turnera diffusa*, known as damiana, is a shrub native to southern Texas in the United States, Central America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the family *Passifloraceae*. Damiana is an ingredient in a traditional Mexican liqueur [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnera_diffusa]
damiana plant
PLANTS:TUDI
Turnera diffusa Willd.
Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult.
turnera diffusa
Turnera diffusa
black drum
Pogonias cromis
Larimus
banded drum
Larimus fasciatus
mexican flounder
Mexican flounder
Cyclopsetta chittendeni
Cyclopsetta chittendeni Bean, 1895
cyclopsetta chittendeni
Cyclopsetta chittendeni
cycads
Cycadopsida
Cycadales
*Solanum incanum* is a species of nightshade that is native to Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, eastwards to India. Common names include thorn apple, bitter apple, bitterball and bitter tomato. In ancient India, *Solanum incanum* was domesticated into the eggplant, *Solanum melongena* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_incanum]
thorn-apple plant
PLANTS:SOIN5
Solanum incanum L.
bitter-apple
solanum incanum
Solanum incanum
Zamiaceae
Ginkgoaceae
Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group
chlorophyte/embryophyte group
green plants
Viridiplantae
Argopecten ventricosus
Euvola
Euvola ziczac
Zygochlamys
Zygochlamys patagonica
ginkgo tree
PLANTS:GIBI2
ginkgo
ginkgo biloba
maidenhair tree
Ginkgo biloba L.
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the ginkgo fruit (nut) index both *GINGKO [B1260]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Ginkgo biloba
A Rocotillo pepper (*Capsicum baccatum*) is a type of chile pepper that originated in Peru. Unripe rocotillos are green or yellow, but the color at maturity varies. Common colors are red, orange or brown. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocotillo_pepper]
rocotillo pepper plant
PLANTS:CABA29
Capsicum baccatum L.
bishop's crown
capsicum baccatum
pepper, rocotillo
Capsicum baccatum
chinese lantern plant
MANSFELD:5594
PLANTS:PHAL5
Chinese-lantern
Japanese lantern
winter-cherry
Physalis alkekengi L.
Alkekengi officinarum
Cress (*Lepidium sativum*), sometimes referred to as garden cress to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress (from old Germanic cresso which means sharp, spicy), is a rather fast-growing, edible herb. Garden cress is genetically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. In some regions, garden cress is known as mustard and cress, garden pepper cress, pepperwort, pepper grass, or poor man's pepper.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_cress]
garden cress plant
MANSFELD:23709
PLANTS:LESA2
Lepidium sativum L.
garden pepper cress
lepidium sativum
peppergrass
pepperwort
poor man's pepper
Lepidium sativum
*Papaver rhoeas* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Papaveraceae*. It has a variety of common names, including the Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Flanders Poppy, or Red Poppy, one of the many species and genera named poppy. The four petals are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. Its seed is a moderately useful commodity, used in bread dough, for example, and to decorate bread. The red petals are used to make syrups and alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks. Red poppy syrup is a traditional beverage of Mediterranean regions. [Wikipedia]
corn poppy plant
PLANTS:PARH2
Flanders poppy
field poppy
Papaver rhoeas L.
common poppy
coquelicot
field poppy
flanders poppy
papaver rhoeas
shirley poppy
Papaver rhoeas
*Phaseolus acutifolius*, the Tepary bean, is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico and has been grown there by the native peoples since pre-Columbian times. It is more drought-resistant than the common bean (*Phaseolus vulgaris*) and is grown in desert and semi-desert conditions from Arizona through Mexico to Costa Rica.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_acutifolius]
tepary plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:PHAC
PLANTS:PHACA2
PLANTS:PHACL
PLANTS:PHACT
tepary bean
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. acutifolius
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman
Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. tenuifolius A. Gray
Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, var. latifolius Freem.
escomite
pavi
pawi
phaseolus acutifolius
tepari
yori mui
yori muni
yorimuni
Phaseolus acutifolius
Pinidae
Ovalipes punctatus
silver perch
Bairdiella chrysoura
American stardrum
Stellifer lanceolatus
Opisthokonta
Gyromitra
Gyromitra esculenta
pine family
Pinaceae
metazoans
multicellular animals
Metazoa
Bilateria
*Picea abies*, the Norway spruce, is a species of spruce native to Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picea_abies]
norway spruce plant
PLANTS:PIAB
Norway spruce
Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.
Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.
Picea abies (L.) Karst.
picea abies
Picea abies
slough anchovy
Anchoa delicatissima
Protostomia
mizuna
wang sheng cai
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica
Neoptera
Pinus
Endopterygota
Taraxacum kok-saghyz
Lepophidium
blackrim cusk-eel
Lepophidium profundorum
Irish mojarra
Diapterus auratus
Haemulon plumierii
roseapple plant
MANSFELD:12364
PLANTS:SYJA
Malabar-plum
jambos
rose-apple
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
eugenia jambos
jaman
jambos
jamrosade
jamrose
malabar plum
pomarosa
syzygium jambos
Syzygium jambos
Pinus pinea has been cultivated extensively for at least 6,000 years for the edible pine nuts. These have been trade items since early historic times. This cultivation throughout the Mediterranean region for so long that it has naturalized and is often considered native beyond its natural range.
stone pine tree
WIKIPEDIA:Stone_pine
MANSFELD:10031
PLANTS:PIPI7
italian stone pine
parasol pine
pignolia-nut pine
stone pine
Pinus pinea L.
pignolia
pine nut
pino nut
pinon
pinon nut
pinus pinea
umbrella pine
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the stone pine fruit (seed) index both *STONE PINE [B1596]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precidese narrower terms).
Pinus pinea
antarctic cutlerfish
Antarctic butterfish
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael, 1819)
hyperoglyphe antarctica
Hyperoglyphe antarctica
short mackerel
CEC1993:963
short mackerel
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1850)
Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851)
rastrelliger brachysoma
Rastrelliger brachysoma
australian bonito
CEC1993:967
Australian bonito
Sarda australis
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880)
Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881)
sarda australis
Sarda australis
sailfin armourhead
Paristiopterus
Nelson's boarfish
Richardson.s boarfish
pelagic armorhead
pelagic armourhead
southern boarfish
Pseudopentaceros richardsoni
Paristiopterus labiosus
silver moonfish
silver moony
Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)
monodactylus argenteus
Monodactylus argenteus
Parupeneus
southern meagre
CEC1993:708
Madagascar meagre
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacépède, 1801)
Argyrosomus hololepidotus Lacépède, 1802
madagascar meagre
Argyrosomus hololepidotus
Otolithes ruber
yellow croaker
FDA.RFE.2010:26
yellow croaker
Larimichthys polyactis
Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)
larimichthys polyactis
little yellow croaker
pseudosciaena manchurica
redlip croaker
Larimichthys polyactis
african weakfish
CEC1993:710
geelbeck croaker
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830)
Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830)
atractoscion aequidens
atractoscion atelodus
Atractoscion aequidens
groper
CEC1993:578
Polyprion oxygeneios
Polyprion oxygeneios (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider & Forster, 1801)
Polyprion oxygeneios (Schneider and Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
polyprion oxygeneios
Polyprion oxygeneios
coral hind
Cephalopholis miniata
lyretail trout
white-edge coronation trout
white-edged lyretail
Variola albimarginata
long-spined flathead
Platycephalus longispinis
Pterygotrigla
bluefin searobin
CEC1993:1069
bluefin gurnard
red gurnard
Chelidonichthys kumu
Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829)
Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson, 1829)
chelidonichthys kumu
Chelidonichthys kumu
red rockfish
New Zealand red rock cod
New Zealand scorpionfish
red rock cod
red scorpion-cod
Scorpaena cardinalis
Scorpaena cardinalis Solander and Richardson in Richardson, 1842
scorpaena cardinalis
Scorpaena cardinalis
Oreosoma
dark ghost shark
Hydrolagus novaezealandiae
Etmopterus
leaf-scale gulper shark
CEC1993:58
leafscale gulper shark
Centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre 1788)
Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
catshark
centrophorus squamosus
Centrophorus squamosus
spotted estuary smooth-hound
spotted estuary smooth-hound
Mustelus lenticulatus
Mustelus lenticulatus Phillipps, 1932
lemonfish
mustelus lenticulatus
rig
Mustelus lenticulatus
Protonibea diacanthus
shortnose spurdog
CEC1993:66
Squalus megalops (Macleay, 1881)
squalus megalops
Squalus megalops
deuterostomes
Deuterostomia
clearnose skate
Raja eglanteria
Chelidonichthys
Chlamys albidus
guinea pigs and others
Hystricomorpha
carnivores
Carnivora
The Antarctic minke whale or southern minke whale (*Balaenoptera bonaerensis*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the second smallest rorqual after the common minke whale and the third smallest baleen whale. Although first scientifically described in the mid-19th century, it wasn't recognized as a distinct species until the 1990s. Once ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it is now one of the mainstays of the whaling industry alongside its cosmopolitan counterpart the common minke. It is the most abundant baleen whale in the world, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. It is primarily restricted to the Southern Hemisphere (although vagrants have been reported in the North Atlantic) and feeds mainly on euphausiids.
antarctic minke whale
WIKIPEDIA:Antarctic_minke_whale
MSW3:14300013
Antarctic minke whale
Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867
balaenoptera bonaerensis
southern minke whale
Balaenoptera bonaerensis
Threskiornithidae
Podocarpaceae
American gizzard shad
Dorosoma cepedianum
Podocarpus
Laminariaceae
Laminaria
cypress family
Cupressaceae
striped dwarf catfish
Mystus vittatus
Pinirampus pirinampu
Brachyplatystoma
Hemibagrus wyckioides
long-whiskered catfish
Sperata aor
Cricetidae
Muroidea
long-barbel sheatfish
Kryptopterus limpok
Marmotini
Rita rita
Channa
Gnetaceae
Gnetum
*Gnetum gnemon* is a species of *Gnetum* native to southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean islands ... widely used in Indonesian cuisine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnetum_gnemon]
buko plant
PLANTS:GNGN
Gnetum gnemon L.
gnetum gnemon
melinjo
spanish joint-fir
Gnetum gnemon
Necora puber
Atlantic chub mackerel
Scomber colias
*Amaranthus blitum*, commonly called purple amaranth or Guernsey pigweed, is an annual plant species in economically important plant family *Amaranthaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_blitum]
purple amaranth plant
PLANTS:AMBL2
Amaranthus blitum L.
amaranthus blitum
guernsey pigweed
Amaranthus blitum
Cycadaceae
Cycas
angiosperms
flowering plants
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Aleutian skate
Bathyraja aleutica
sandpaper skate
Bathyraja interrupta
Alaska skate
Bathyraja parmifera
roughtail skate
Bathyraja trachura
spanish plum plant
MANSFELD:28353
PLANTS:SPPU
jocote
ovo
purple mombin
red mombin
Spondias purpurea L.
hog-plum
purple mombin
red mombin
spondias purpurea
Spondias purpurea
Round lime (*Citrus australis*), also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m. It grows in the Beenleigh area, Queensland, Australia.
australian round lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Round_lime
PLANTS:MIAU5
Australian lime
dooja
Microcitrus australis (A. Cunn. ex Mudie) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planch.) Swingle
Microcitrus australis (Planchon) Swingle
australian lime
citrus australis
microcitrus australis
native lime
Citrus australis
*Aloe vera* is a species of succulent plant of the genus Aloe that probably originated in northern Africa.
barbados aloe plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aloe_vera
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera
PLANTS:ALVE2
Barbados aloe
acibar
aloe-vera
babosa
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.
Aloë vera (L.) Burm. fil.
aloe barbadensis
aloe vera
aloë vera
The species does not have any naturally occurring populations, although closely related aloes do occur in northern Africa. The species is frequently cited as being used in herbal medicine since the beginning of the first century AD. Extracts from *Aloe vera* are widely used in the cosmetics and alternative medicine industries, being marketed as variously having rejuvenating, healing or soothing properties.
Aloe vera
Mulloidichthys
yellowfin goatfish
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis
whitespotted boxfish
Ostracion meleagris
Peppermint (*Mentha × piperita*, also known as *Mentha balsamea* Wild.) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppermint]
peppermint plant
MANSFELD:16122
PLANTS:MEPI
peppermint
Mentha X piperita L. (pro. sp.)
Mentha x piperita L.
Mentha ×piperita L. (pro sp.)
mentha piperita
mentha x piperita
Mentha x piperita
garden orach plant
MANSFELD:553
PLANTS:ATHO
Atriplex hortensis L.
atriplex hortensis
mountain spinach
orach
Atriplex hortensis
levant cotton plant
MANSFELD:13708
Arabian cotton
Gossypium herbaceum L.
arabian cotton
gossypium herbaceum
maltese cotton
short-staple cotton
syrian cotton
Gossypium herbaceum
Laurales
laurel family
Lauraceae
avocado
Persea americana
California bay
California bay tree
Umbellularia californica
buttercup family
Ranunculaceae
Agaricus arvensis
Lactarius
Lactarius <basidiomycete fungi>
Ganoderma tsugae
kabuna
spinach mustard
tendergreen
Brassica rapa var. perviridis
Pleurotus djamor
marsh marigold plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CAPA5
Caltha palustris L.
caltha palustris
cowflock
cowslip
Caltha palustris
bobtail squids
Sepiolidae
Rossia macrosoma
Sepiola
Tivela stultorum
calico clam
Macrocallista maculata
Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
macrocallista maculata
Megapitaria maculata
Oegopsida
purpleback squid
Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis
Sepioteuthis
Sepioteuthis lessoniana
siberian prawn
Exopalaemon modestus (C. Heller, 1862)
Exopalaemon modestus (Heller, 1862)
exopalaemon modestus
Palaemon modestus
Mopaliidae
*Katharina tunicata* (Wood, 1815) is commonly known as the Black Katy chiton, Black Leather chiton, Black chiton, or Leather chiton. Capable of growing up to 12 cm, the animal is generally described as being football-shaped with a black leathery girdle in which are embedded eight protective plates. The parts of the plates that are visible are sometimes (but not always) diamond-shaped in outline. The underside of the animal is dull orange or yellow.
black katy chiton
WIKIPEDIA:Katharina_tunicata
black chiton
Katharina tunicata (W. Wood, 1815)
black chiton
black leather chiton
gumboots
katharina tunicata
leather chiton
leathery chiton
Katharina tunicata
jumbo flying squid
jumbo squid
Dosidicus gigas
poppy family
Papaveraceae
Papaver
opium poppy plant
PLANTS:PASO2
opium poppy
opium poppy
papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum L.
Papaver somniferum
*Senna obtusifolia *(Chinese senna, American sicklepod or sicklepod) is a legume in the genus Senna, sometimes separated in the monotypic genus Diallobus. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places.
The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute.
The plant's seeds are a commercial source of cassia gum, a food additive usually used as a thickener and named for the Chinese Senna's former placement in the genus Cassia. Roasted and ground, the seeds have also been used as a substitute for coffee. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_obtusifolia]
java-bean plant
PLANTS:SEOB4
Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby
senna obtusifolia
Senna obtusifolia
*Senna siamea*, also known as Siamese cassia, kassod tree, cassod tree and Cassia tree, is a legume in the subfamily *Caesalpinioideae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_siamea]
siamese cassia plant
PLANTS:SESI3
Senna siamea (Lam.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby
senna siamea
siamese cassia
siamese senna
thai cassia
thailand shower
Senna siamea
longnose gar
Lepisosteus osseus
Alosa
american shad
CEC1993:159
American shad
Alosa sapidissima
Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811)
alosa sapidissima
Alosa sapidissima
alewife
CEC1993:158
alewife
Alosa pseudoharengus
Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811)
alosa pseudoharengus
pomolobus pseudoharengus
river herring
Alosa pseudoharengus
cunner
Tautogolabrus adspersus
Kathetostoma
giant stargazer
Kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma giganteum Haast, 1873
kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma giganteum
Kathetostoma averruncus
Cannabidaceae
Cannabinaceae
hemp family
hop family
Cannabaceae
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish.
Damion Dooley
dolphinfish
CEC1993:673
FDA.RFE.2010:13
common dolphinfish
coryphaena hippurus
dolphin fish
dorado
mahi
mahi mahi
mahi mahi fish
Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
Coryphaena hippurus
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi-mahi
Morone
striped bass
American Fisheries Society
CEC1993:590
striped bass
striped sea-bass
Morone saxatilis
Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)
morone saxatilis
Morone saxatilis
american plaice
CEC1993:1118
American plaice
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)
hippoglossoides platessoides
plaice, american
Hippoglossoides platessoides
Glyptocephalus
gray sole
CEC1993:1114
FDA.RFE.2010:19
greysole
witch
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
glyptocephalus cynoglossus
sole, gray
witch flounder
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Sebastes
Microgadus
Atlantic tomcod
Microgadus tomcod
hemp plant
PLANTS:CASA3
Cannabis sativa L.
cannabis sativa
marihuana plant
Cannabis sativa
North American porcupine
Erethizon dorsatum
fivebeard rockling
Ciliata mustela
mediterranean ling
CEC1993:455
Molva dipterygia macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
Molva macrophthalma
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque 1810)
Molva macrophthalma (Rafinesque, 1810)
molva dipterygia macrophthalma
molva macrophthalma
spanish ling
Molva macrophthalma
Phycis chesteri
hops plant
2021-03-31T06:31:10Z
MANSFELD:22995
European hop
common hop
Humulus lupulus L.
humulus
Humulus lupulus
chamois
chamois
Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758)
rupicapra rupicapra
Rupicapra rupicapra
round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceum
mulberry family
Moraceae
large-bottom pollan
CEC1993:234
broad whitefish
broad whitefish
coregonus nasus
Coregonus nasus (Pallas, 1776)
Coregonus nasus
houting
CEC1993:235
houting
Coregonus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus oxyrinchus
Coregonus oxyrinchus
Cervinae
Artocarpus
The Steller sea lion (*Eumetopias jubatus*) also known as the northern sea lion and Steller's sea lion, is a near threatened species of sea lion in the northern Pacific.
steller sea lion
WIKIPEDIA:Eumetopias_jubatus
CEC1993:1424
MSW3:14001011
Steller sea lion
northern sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)
Eumetopias jubatus Schreber, 1776
eumetopias jubatus
northern sea lion
Eumetopias jubatus
The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae).
jackfruit tree
MANSFELD:12606
PLANTS:ARHE2
Artocarpus heterophylla
jack tree
jackfruit
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
artocarpus heterophyllus
artocarpus integrifolius
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Australian sugar glider
sugar glider
Petaurus breviceps
Trachemys
American mud and musk turtles
Kinosternidae
Prunus avium x cerasus x canescens
Prunus avium x P. cerasus x P. canescens
Ficus
fig trees
figs
Ficus <eudicots>
australian anchovy
CEC1993:213
Australian anchovy
Engraulis australis
Engraulis australis (Shaw, 1790)
Engraulis australis (White, 1790)
engraulis australis
Engraulis australis
fig plant
MANSFELD:12757
PLANTS:FICA
common fig
Ficus carica L.
common fig
edible fig
ficus carica
Ficus carica
african striped grunt
CEC1993:700
African striped grunt
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1833)
Parapristipoma octolineatum (Valenciennes, 1833)
parapristipoma octolineatum
Parapristipoma octolineatum
Plectorhinchus
Pseudocaranx
white trevally
CEC1993:644
hard-tail jack
Pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudocaranx dentex
Pseudotolithus
bullet tuna
Auxis rochei rochei
atlantic pomfret
CEC1993:671
Atlantic pomfret
Brama brama
Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788)
black sea bream
brama brama
brama raji
bream, black sea
pomfret, atlantic
ray's bream
Brama brama
angola dentex
CEC1993:762
Angola dentex
Dentex angolensis Poll & Maul, 1953
Dentex angolensis Poll and Maul, 1953
dentex angolensis
Dentex angolensis
bigeye cardinalfish
CEC1993:603
black cardinal fish
Epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus (Risso, 1810)
epigonus telescopus
Epigonus telescopus
law croaker
Pseudotolithus senegallus
longneck croaker
Pseudotolithus typus
painted comber
Serranus scriba
Morus
mulberries
mulberry trees
Morus <eudicots>
Henophidia
white mulberry plant
MANSFELD:12894
PLANTS:MOAL
white mulberry
Morus alba L.
morus alba
Morus alba
true pythons
Pythonidae
Colubroidea
nettle family
Urticaceae
Stinging nettle or common nettle, *Urtica dioica*, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best-known member of the nettle genus *Urtica*. The plant has many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on its leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation when contacted by humans and other animals. The plant has a long history of use as a medicine and as a food source.
nettle plant
WIKIPEDIA:Urtica_dioica
MANSFELD:7662
PLANTS:URDI
great nettle
stinging nettle
Urtica dioica L.
stinging nettle
urtica spp.
Urtica dioica
Fagales
beech family
Fagaceae
Teiioidea
A member of the family *Chenopodiaceae*, and is the wild ancestor of common vegetables such as beetroot, sugar beet, and Swiss chard. Its leaves have a pleasant texture and taste when served raw or cooked.
sea beet
WIKIPEDIA:Sea_beet
2020-10-27T06:16:39Z
sea beet
Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang.
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.
beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
Quercus
birch family
Betulaceae
sohachi
sohachi flounder
Cleisthenes pinetorum
Caryophyllales
pokeweed family
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca
four o'clock family
Nyctaginaceae
iceplant family
Aizoaceae
Trianthema
Chlorophyta incertae sedis
Pecora
Swiss chard
field beet
garden beet
spinach chard
sugar beet
table beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
California grunion
grunion
Leuresthes tenuis
Agaricomycetes incertae sedis
Stenotomus
scup
CEC1993:800
scup
Stenotomus chrysops
Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus, 1766)
stenotomus chrysops
Stenotomus chrysops
Chenopodium
*Chenopodium album* is a fast-growing weedy annual plant in the genus *Chenopodium*.
Though cultivated in some regions, the plant is elsewhere considered a weed. Common names include lamb's quarters, melde, goosefoot and fat-hen, though the latter two are also applied to other species of the genus Chenopodium, for which reason it is often distinguished as white goosefoot.It is sometimes also called pigweed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenopodium_album]
lamb's quarter plant
PLANTS:CHAL7
lamb's quarter
lamb's-quarters
lambsquarters
pigweed
white goosefoot
Chenopodium album L.
chenopodium album
fat-hen
goosefoot, white
melde
pigweed
white goosefoot
Chenopodium album
*Salsola soda*, more commonly known in English as Opposite Leaved Saltwort, Oppositeleaf Russian Thistle, or Barilla Plant, is a small (to 0.7 m tall), annual, succulent shrub that is native to the Mediterranean Basin. It is a halophyte (a salt-tolerant plant) that typically grows in coastal regions and can be irrigated with salt water. The Italian name agretti is commonly used in English to refer to the edible leaves of *Salsola soda*.
agretti plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salsola_soda
PLANTS:SASO3
su da zhu mao cai
Salsola soda L.
barilla plant
opposite leaved saltwort
oppositeleaf russian thistle
salsola soda
Salsola soda
A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems.
spinach plant
MANSFELD:485
PLANTS:SPOL
Spinacea oleracea
spinach
Spinacia oleracea L.
spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea
amaranth family
goosefoot family
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus
bighead catfish
Clarias macrocephalus
*Amaranthus caudatus* is a species of annual flowering plant. It goes by common names such as love-lies-bleeding, pendant amaranth, tassel flower, velvet flower, foxtail amaranth, and quilete. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_caudatus]
foxtail amaranth plant
PLANTS:AMCA3
Inca-wheat
amaranth
jataco
love-lies-bleeding
Amaranthus caudatus L.
amaranthus caudatus
love-lies-bleeding
Amaranthus caudatus
pink family
Caryophyllaceae
casaba melon
honeydew
honeydew melon
Cucumis melo var. inodorus
purslane family
Portulacaceae
Basellaceae
*Dioscorea bulbifera*, the air potato, is a species of true yam in the yam family, *Dioscoreaceae*. It is native to Africa, southern Asia, India, Maldives, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia and northern Australia. The air potato is one of the most widely consumed yam species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_bulbifera]
air potato plant
PLANTS:DIBU
aerial yam
air-potato
potato yam
Dioscorea bulbifera L.
air yam
bitter yam
cheeky yam
dioscorea bulbifera
Dioscorea bulbifera
*Allium fistulosum*, the Welsh onion, is a species of perennial plant very similar in taste and odor to the related common onion, *Allium cepa*, and hybrids between the two (tree onions) exist. A. fistulosum, however, does not develop bulbs, and possesses hollow leaves (fistulosum means "hollow") and scapes. Larger varieties of the *A. fistulosum* resemble the leek, such as the Japanese negi, whilst smaller varieties resemble chives. *A. fistulosum* can multiply by forming perennial evergreen clumps. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_fistulosum]
Damion Dooley
welsh onion plant
MANSFELD:126
PLANTS:ALFI4
Japanese bunching onion
Japanese bunching onion plant
Welsh onion
allium fistulosum
bunching onion plant
japanese bunching onion plant
long green onion plant
scallion plant
spanish onion plant
spring onion plant
Allium fistulosum L.
Allium fistulosum
malabar nightshade plant
MANSFELD:25776
PLANTS:BAAL2
Ceylon spinach
Ceylon-spinach
basella alba
buffalo spinach
ceylon spinach
climbing spinach
creeping spinach
indian spinach
malabar spinach
red vine spinach
vine spinach
Basella alba L.
Basella alba
BEP clade
BOP clade
Japanese persimmon
kaki
kaki persimmon
Diospyros kaki
cactus family
Cactaceae
antaque
banner bean
carmelita
frijol caballero
hyacinth bean
natoba
Lablab purpureus
sandalwoods
Santalum
Vitidaceae
grape family
Vitaceae
Vitis
truffles
Tuber
Norton grape plant
PLANTS:VIAE
Norton grape plant
Onderdonk grape plant
Pigeon grape plant
Summer grape plant
Vitis aestivalis Michx.
Vitis aestivalis
painted sweetlips
trout sweetlips
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese 1936)
Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936)
diagramma pictum
mother-in-law fish
plectorhinchus pictus
plectorhynchus pictus
thicklip bream
Plectorhinchus pictus
javelin grunt
Pomadasys kaakan
yellowbanded sweetlips
Plectorhinchus lineatus
urugavian lobster
Metanephrops rubellus
Metanephrops rubellus (Moreira, 1903)
metanephrops rubellus
urugayian lobster
Metanephrops rubellus
red-banded lobster
Metanephrops thomsoni
Metanephrops thomsoni (Bate, 1888)
metanephrops thomsoni
Metanephrops thomsoni
Boletus edulis
Cantharellales
Cantharellus
chanterelle
Cantharellus cibarius
buckthorn family
Rhamnaceae
Australian abalone
Haliotis australis
paua abalone
Haliotis iris
greenlip abalone
Haliotis laevigata
black lip abalone
blacklip abalone
Haliotis rubra
tuberculate abalone
CEC1993:1313
green ormer
Haliotis tuberculata
Haliotis tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758
haliotis tuberculata
tube abalone
Haliotis tuberculata
Pollicipes
Pollicipes polymerus
buckwheat family
Polygonaceae
Hyas araneus
buckwheat plant
MANSFELD:9680
PLANTS:FAES2
common buckwheat
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench
fagopyrum esculentum
fagopyrum sagittatum
Fagopyrum esculentum
Atlantic sturgeon
Acipenser oxyrinchus
pallid sturgeon
Scaphirhynchus albus
Rumex
vendace
CEC1993:227
vendace
Coregonus albula
Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758)
coregonus albula
Coregonus albula
lake herring
CEC1993:229
cisco
Coregonus artedi
Coregonus artedi Lesueur, 1818
Coregonus artedii Lesueur, 1818
chub
cisco
coregonus artedii
lake cisco
lakefish
tullibee
Coregonus artedi
Thymallus
grayling
CEC1993:262
grayling
Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thymallus thymallus
Thymallus thymallus
Dissostichus
Rheum
Antarctic toothfish
Dissostichus mawsoni
Rhubarb (*Rheum rhabarbarum*) is a species of plant in the family *Polygonaceae*. In culinary use, fresh raw leaf stalks (petioles) are crisp (similar to celery, although they do not share the same family) with a strong, tart taste. Although rhubarb is not a true fruit, in the kitchen it is usually prepared as if it were. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhubarb]
garden rhubarb plant
PLANTS:RHRH2
Rheum x rhabarbarum
garden rhubarb
rhubarb
Rheum rhabarbarum L.
rheum rhabarbarum
Rheum rhabarbarum
Trachurus
Atlantic horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
Abudefduf
bogue
CEC1993:757
bogue
Boops boops
Boops boops (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops boops
Boops boops
Chinese gooseberry family
Actinidiaceae
Actinidia
kiwifruit plant (A. chinensis)
MANSFELD:26714
PLANTS:ACCH5
golden kiwifruit
zhong hua mi hou tao
Actinidia chinensis Planch.
Actinidia chinensis Planchon
Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis
actinidia chinensis
actinidia sinensis
chinese gooseberry
strawberry peach
Actinidia chinensis
*Actinidia deliciosa*, fuzzy kiwifruit or mangüeyo is a fruiting vine native to southern China, the fruit of which has been declared the national fruit of that country.
2023-06-19T02:23:40Z
Chinese gooseberry
kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson
chinese gooseberry
fuzzy kiwifruit
kiwi
strawberry peach
"Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southeastern Siberia. This species grows naturally at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 m. [...] The oblong fruits are up to 6.25 cm long. The russet-brown skin of the fruits is densely covered with short, stiff, brown hairs. The flesh is firm until fully ripened; it is glistening, juicy and luscious. The color of the flesh is bright-green, or sometimes yellow, brownish or off-white, except for the white, succulent center from which radiate many fine, pale lines. The flavor is subacid to quite acid; the flavor is suggested to be similar to that of the gooseberry or strawberry." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosa
*Senna tora *(originally described by Linnaeus as *Cassia tora*) is a dicot legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The whole plant as well as specific parts such as roots, leaves and seeds have been widely used in traditional Indian and South Asian medicine. The plant and seeds are edible.
wild senna plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_tora
PLANTS:SETO4
Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
Cassia tora
chakvad
coffee pod
foetid cassia
senna tora
sickle pod
sickle senna
sickle wild sensitive-plant
thakara
tora
tovara
Senna tora
mallow family
Malvaceae
Gossypium
upland cotton plant
MANSFELD:13760
PLANTS:GOHI
American cotton
American upland cotton
cotton
Gossypium hirsutum L.
american cotton
american upland cotton
bourbon cotton
cotton
gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum
*Thespesia populnea*, commonly known as the Portia tree, is species of flowering plant in the mallow family, *Malvaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thespesia_populnea]
portia tree
PLANTS:THPO3
Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa
corktree
pacific rosewood
seaside mahoe
thespesia populnea
tuliptree
Thespesia populnea
Theobroma
cacao
chocolate
cocoa
Theobroma cacao
Tuber sinense
Brazil nut family
Lecythidaceae
Apiineae
The Brazil nut (*Bertholletia excelsa*) is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seed. While cooks classify the Brazil nut as a nut, botanists consider it to be a seed and not a nut, because in nuts the shell splits in half with the meat separate from the shell.
brazil nut plant
WIKIPEDIA:Bertholletia_excelsa
MANSFELD:14900
PLANTS:BEEX2
Brazil nut
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.
Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.
bertholletia excelsa
brazilnut
cream nut
para nut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the fruit of the brazil nut (seed) index both *BRAZIL NUT [B1463]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Bertholletia excelsa
Malpighiales
papaya family
Caricaceae
papaya plant
MANSFELD:23437
PLANTS:CAPA23
mamon
papaya
Carica papaya L.
carica papaya
hawaiian papaya
lechoza
melon tree
pawpaw
Carica papaya
cucumber family
Cucurbitaceae
japanese sardinella
CEC1993:193
Japanese sardinella
Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)
sardinella zunasi
Sardinella zunasi
Ilisha
elongate ilisha
Ilisha elongata
Konoshiro gizzard shad
Konosirus punctatus
Stolephorus
Coilinae
Engraulinae
Citrullus
watermelon plant
2021-03-31T07:01:10Z
MANSFELD:3905
PLANTS:CILA3
watermelon
wild melon
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai
citrullus lanatus
citrullus vulgaris
colocynthis citrullus
cucurbita citrullus
datiro
edible seed melon
equisi
kaffir melon
momordica lanata
Citrullus lanatus
Cucumis
Pangasius bocourti
spot pangasius
spot pangasius
Pangasius larnaudii
Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt, 1866
pangasius larnaudii
Pangasius larnaudii
giant pangasius
Chao Phraya giant catfish
Paroon shark
giant pangasius
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931
pangasius sanitwongsei
Pangasius sanitwongsei
Muskmelon (*Cucumis melo*) is a species of melon that has been developed into many cultivated varieties. These include smooth skinned varieties such as honeydew, crenshaw and casaba, and different netted cultivars (cantaloupe, Persian melon and Santa Claus or Christmas melon).
MANSFELD:3670
PLANTS:CUME
Oriental melon
muskmelon
Cucumis melo L.
Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo L. var. cantalupensis Naudin
Cucumis melo
Trachemys scripta scripta
Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo Cantaloupe Group
Persian melo
cantaloupe
netted muskmelon
nutmeg melon
Cucumis melo var. cantalupo
cucumber
cucumbers
Cucumis sativus
*Aronia arbutifolia*, called the red chokeberry, is a North American species of shrubs in the rose family. Flowers are white or pink, producing black or bright red fruits. Many people consider the fruits to be foul-tasting. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aronia_arbutifolia]
red chokeberry plant
red chokeberry
Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
aronia arbutifolia
Aronia arbutifolia
2022-02-17T22:47:24Z
MANSFELD:9372
PLANTS:PRAR3
apricot
apricot tree
Prunus armeniaca L.
prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca
The rowans or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae.
european rowan plant
MANSFELD:8932
PLANTS:SOAU
European mountain ash
european mountain-ash
quickbeam
rowan
rowan
sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia L.
Sorbus aucuparia
marrows
pumpkins
squashes
Cucurbita
Chaenomeles
The fruit is a component of a cider-like drink which is still made in parts of Europe. Picked straight off the tree it tastes highly unpleasant.
service tree
WIKIPEDIA:Service_tree
MANSFELD:8924
PLANTS:SODO5
Sorbus domestica L.
sorbus domestica
Cormus domestica
Cydonia
Boston marrow
great pumpkin
winter squash
Cucurbita maxima
The quince (*Cydonia oblonga *) is the sole member of the genus *Cydonia* in the family *Rosaceae *(which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits). It is a deciduous tree that bears a pome fruit, similar in appearance to a pear, and bright golden-yellow when mature. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quince]
common quince plant
MANSFELD:8647
PLANTS:CYOB2
quince
wen po
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
Cydonia oblonga P. Mill.
cydonia oblonga
Cydonia oblonga
medlar
Mespilus germanica
A type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the bottom. When ripe, it turns increasingly deep orange, and becomes sweeter and richer.
butternut squash plant
MANSFELD:4090
PLANTS:CUMO
Canada pumpkin
ayote
butternut pumpkin
crookneck pumpkin
crookneck winter squash
cucurbita moschata
cucurbita moschata var. butternut
cushaw squash
gramma
lacayote
Cucurbita moschata Duch.
Cucurbita moschata Duchesne
Cucurbita moschata
*Pseudocydonia sinensis*, the Chinese quince, is a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the family *Rosaceae*, native to eastern Asia in China, and the sole species in the genus *Pseudocydonia*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocydonia]
chinese quince plant
PLANTS:PSSI4
Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne
Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid.
Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C.K. Schneid.
chaenomeles sinensis
pseudocydonia sinensis
Chaenomeles sinensis
PLANTS:CUPE
Cucurbita pepo L.
Cucurbita pepo
field pumpkin
vegetable marrow
Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo
Volvariella volvacea
Formicidae
bottle gourd
calabash
white-flowered gourd
Lagenaria siceraria
Luffa
leopard flounder
Bothus pantherinus
*Luffa aegyptiaca* is a species of Luffa. Commonly known as Smooth Luffa, Egyptian Luffa, sometimes under the obsolete name *Luffa cylindrica* and frequently misspelled *Luffa aegyptica*, it is cultivated and grown for its fruit. The fruit resembles a cucumber. Young fruit can be eaten as a vegetable while ripe fruits can be used to make bath sponges.
sponge gourd plant
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_aegyptiaca
PLANTS:LUAE
dishcloth gourd
loofa
smooth loofah
sponge gourd
vegetable sponge
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.
Luffa aegyptiaca P. Mill.
dishcloth gourd
dishrag gourd
loofah
luffa
luffa aegyptiaca
luffa cylindrica
rag gourd
smooth loofah
towel gourd
vegetable sponge
Luffa aegyptiaca
Momordica
*Momordica charantia*, known as bitter melon, bitter gourd, bitter squash, or balsam-pear, is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family *Cucurbitaceae*, widely grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean for its edible fruit. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_charantia]
bitter melon plant
PLANTS:MOCH2
balsam pear
bitter gourd
bitter melon
Momordica charantia L.
balsam pear
bitter cucumber
bitter gourd
fu gwa
la-kwa
momordica charantia
Momordica charantia
Gac (*Momordica cochinchinensis*) is found throughout the Southeast Asian region from South China to Northeastern Australia. Gac is notable for its densely orange fruit containing rich contents of beta-carotene and lycopene. It is known as red melon, baby jackfruit, spiny bitter gourd, sweet gourd, or cochinchin gourd in English. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gac]
sweet gourd plant
PLANTS:MOCO5
spiny bitter cucumber
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
gac
momordica cochinchinensis
Momordica cochinchinensis
Trichosanthes
asparagus broccoli
broccoli
sprouting broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italica
passionflower famly
Passifloraceae
passionflowers
Passiflora
giant granadilla plant
PLANTS:PAQU3
giant granadilla
granadilla
Passiflora quadrangularis L.
passiflora macrocarpa
passiflora quadrangularis
passiflora quadrangularis var. variegata
Passiflora quadrangularis
willow family
Salicaceae
sydney cupped oyster
CEC1993:1341
small rock oyster
Saccostrea cuccullata
Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778)
crassostrea commercialis
saccostrea cuccullata
Saccostrea cucullata
Brassicales
southern blue whiting
CEC1993:452
southern blue whiting
Micromesistius australis
Micromesistius australis Norman, 1937
micromesistius australis
whiting, southern blue
Micromesistius australis
Cruciferae
mustard family
Brassicaceae
Maori cod
Paranotothenia magellanica
Mullus
blunt snouted mullet
CEC1993:808
red mullet
striped mullet
Mullus barbatus
Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758
bluntsnouted mullet
mullus barbatus
striped goatfish
Mullus barbatus
kelp gull
Larus dominicanus
horseradish
Armoracia rusticana
Brassica
The Sooty Shearwater (*Puffinus griseus*) is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family *Procellariidae*. In New Zealand it is also known by its Maori name titi and as "muttonbird", like its relatives the Wedge-tailed Shearwater *(P. pacificus*) and the Australian Short-tailed Shearwater (*P. tenuirostris*).
sooty shearwater
WIKIPEDIA:Sooty_Shearwater
Sooty shearwater
Puffinus griseus
Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)
muttonbird
puffinus griseus
titi
Ardenna grisea
sharptail shortfin squid
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu & Mangold 1969
Illex oxygonius Roper, Lu and Mangold, 1969
illex oxygonius
Illex cf. oxygonius DBC-2006
Indian mustard
brown mustard
Brassica juncea
oilseed rape
rape
rapeseeds
Brassica napus
Swedish turnip
rutabaga
Brassica napus subsp. rapifera
black mustard plant
MANSFELD:24109
PLANTS:BRNI
black mustard
Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
brassica nigra
mustard, black
Brassica nigra
field mustard
Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapa L. var. rapa
Brassica rapa
Kale or borecole is a form of cabbage (*Brassica oleracea* Acephala Group), green or purple, in which the central leaves do not form a head.
Damion Dooley
MANSFELD:23907
Brassica oleracea L.
wild cabbage
Brassica oleracea L. var. conica DC.
borecole
brassica oleracea convar. capitate var. conica
"It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms. The species *Brassica oleracea* contains a wide array of vegetables including broccoli, cauliflower, collard greens, and brussels sprouts. The cultivar group Acephala also includes spring greens and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically." - Wikipedia
Brassica oleracea
collards
fodder kale
kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
gai lan plant
2020-11-16T22:53:29Z
Brassica alboglabra L.H. Bailey
Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey)
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil
Chinese broccoli
Chinese kale
brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
chinese broccoli
chinese broccoli plant
chinese kale plant
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea Cauliflower Group
cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.
cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
common squirrelfish
hardback soldier
longjaw squirrelfish
rotten finger
squirrelfish
striped squirrelfish
wenchman
Holocentrus adscensionis
bontebok
Damaliscus pygargus dorcas
cape verde spiny lobster
Palinurus charlestoni Forest & Postel, 1964
Palinurus charlestoni Forest and Postel, 1964
palinurus charlestoni
Palinurus charlestoni
The muskox (*Ovibos moschatus*, also spelled musk ox and musk-ox) is an Arctic mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives.
muskox
WIKIPEDIA:Muskox
MSW3:14200813
musk ox
musk-ox
muskox
Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780
musk ox
musk-ox
ovibos moschatus
Ovibos moschatus
Hippotragus
Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. Likely having originated in Mexico, O. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus.
2022-02-20T04:55:36Z
MANSFELD:23079
PLANTS:OPFI
Barbary fig
Indian fig opuntia
Indian-fig
cactus pear
mission prickly-pear
opuntia ficus-indica
opuntia occidentalis
prickly pear
smooth mountain prickly-pear
smooth prickly-pear
spineless cactus
tuberous prickly-pear
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
Opuntia ficus-indica
The Velvet Scoter (*Melanitta fusca*), also called a Velvet Duck or whitewing (not to be confused with the white-winged scoter), is a large sea duck, which breeds over the far north of Europe and Asia west of the Yenisey basin. A small, isolated population nests in eastern Turkey. The East Siberian and North American White-winged Scoter is sometimes considered conspecific with the Velvet Scoter, and its two constituent subspecies are then known as *M. f. stejnegeri* and *M. f. deglandi*. Velvet and White-winged Scoter, along with the Surf Scoter, are placed in the subgenus *Melanitta*, distinct from the subgenus *Oidemia*, Black and Common Scoters.
velvet scoter
Velvet duck
velvet scoter
white-winged scoter
whitewing
Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus, 1758)
melanitta fusca
Melanitta fusca
*Capsella bursa-pastoris*, known by its common name shepherd's purse because of its triangular flat fruits, which are purse-like, is a small (up to 0.5 m) annual and ruderal flowering plant in the mustard family *Brassicaceae*. It has many uses, including for food, to supplement animal feed, for cosmetics, and for medicinal purposes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsella_bursa-pastoris]
shepherd's purse plant
PLANTS:CABU2
shepherd's purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
capsella bursa-pastoris
shepherd's-purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Eudocimus albus
dove
band-tailed pigeon
Patagioenas fasciata (Say, 1823)
band-tailed dove
columba fasciata
patagioenas fasciata
Patagioenas fasciata
radish
Raphanus sativus
northern sennet
Sphyraena borealis
black gemfish
Nesiarchus nasutus
An annual plant of the family *Brassicaceae*. Grown for its seeds, mustard, as fodder crop or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
white mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:White_mustard
MANSFELD:24142
PLANTS:SIAL5
Brassica alba
Brassica hirta
bai jie
white mustard
white mustard
yellow mustard
yellow mustard
Sinapis alba L.
Sinapis alba
double-lined mackerel
Grammatorcynus bilineatus
korean seerfish
CEC1993:980
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915)
Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915) ES carite coreano
scomberomorus koreanus
Scomberomorus koreanus
dogtooth tuna
Gymnosarda unicolor
juan fernandez trevally
Juan Fernandez trevally
Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
pseudocaranx chilensis
Pseudocaranx chilensis
Sisymbrium
West African ilisha
Ilisha africana
The pomelo,* Citrus maxima*, or* Citrus grandis*, is a natural (non-hybrid) citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a large grapefruit, native to South and Southeast Asia.
2022-02-20T06:09:55Z
MANSFELD:7643
PLANTS:CIMA5
Citrus grandis
buntan
citrus decumana
pomelo
pummelo
shaddock
yu
Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr.
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
"Typically, the fruit is pale green to yellow when ripe, with sweet white (or, more rarely, pink or red) flesh, and a very thick albedo (rind pith). It is a large citrus fruit, 15-25 centimetres (5.9-9.8 in) in diameter,[7] usually weighing 1-2 kilograms (2.2-4.4 lb). The fruit tastes like a sweet, mild grapefruit." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo]
Citrus maxima
Moringa
Aulacomya atra
sapodilla family
Sapotaceae
A species of fish related to the herring, in the Clupeidae family. It is a very popular and sought-after food fish in South Asia. It is Bangladesh's national fish.
hilsa shad
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilish
CEC1993:203
EC:No 216/2009 HIL
IT IS:551297
Hilsa shad
Tenualosa ilisha
ellis
hilsa
hilsa herring
hilsha
ilih
ilihi
ilish
ilisha
ilishi
jatka
modar
palla fish
pallo machhi
palva
pulasa
sboor
terubok
terubok umno
ulla mean
Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822)
Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton=Buchanan, 1822)
Tenualosa ilisha
Fahad Faisal
Manilkara
A long-lived, evergreen tree native to southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.
sapodilla plant
MANSFELD:6578
PLANTS:MAZA
achras sapota
chicle
chicle tree
chicozapote
chikoo
manilkara zapota
naseberry
nispero
nispero tree
sapodilla
sapodilla
sapota
sapote
Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen
Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen
Manilkara zapota
*Guaiacum officinale*, commonly known as roughbark lignum-vitae, guaiacwood or gaïacwood, is a species of tree in the caltrop family, *Zygophyllaceae*, that is native to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaiacum_officinale]
lignum-vitae plant
PLANTS:GUOF
Guaiacum officinale L.
gaïacwood
guaiacum officinale
guaiacwood
roughbark lignum-vitae
Guaiacum officinale
miracle fruit
PLANTS:SYDU
miracle fruit
sweet berry
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) Daniell
Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumacher & Thonn.) Daniell
synsepalum dulcificum
Synsepalum dulcificum
Rosales
rose family
Rosaceae
Fragaria
garden strawberry plant
MANSFELD:8618
PLANTS:FRAN
strawberry
Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne (pro sp.)
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne
Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier
Fragaria ×ananassa (Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (pro sp.)
cultivated strawberry
fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria x ananassa
*Euphrasia rostkoviana* (synonym *Euphrasia officinalis*), common names Eyebright, Eyewort, is a plant from the genus *Euphrasia*, in the family *Orobanchaceae*. *Euphrasia rostkoviana* herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea, or externally as compresses, for treatment of disorders of the eyes and the gastrointestinal tract. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphrasia_rostkoviana]
eyebright plant
Euphrasia officinalis L.
euphrasia officinalis
euphrasia rostkoviana
Euphrasia stricta
texas persimmon plant
PLANTS:DITE3
chapote
Diospyros texana Scheele
chapote
diospyros texana
mexican persimmon
Diospyros texana
Malus
apple
apple tree
cultivated apple
Malus domestica
Jamaica-pepper
allspice
malaqueta
Pimenta dioica
A small tree (2–6 m tall) in the Myrtaceae (myrtle) family.
Damion Dooley
strawberry guava plant
PLANTS:PSCA
Cattley guava
Psidium cattleianum
cherry guava
psidium cattleianum
strawberry guava
Psidium cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
Psidium cattleianum f. lucidum O. Deg.
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum
Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine
Psidium cattleianum var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg
Psidium cattleyanum
Rhizostomeae
Prunus
Buccinum
Callinectes rathbunae
Callinectes toxotes
A species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries but widely cultivated elsewhere, which produces drupe fruit containing almond seed.
almond
sweet almond
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. amara (DC.) Buchheim
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb var. dulcis
Prunus dulcis (P. Mill.) D.A. Webber
Prunus dulcis
A species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae commonly known as European plum.
European plum
MANSFELD:9332
PLANTS:PRDO
plum
Prunus domestica
A species of Prunus (Prunus persica) native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit called a peach or nectarine.
peach tree
MANSFELD:9402
PLANTS:PRPE3
PLANTS:PRPEP2
peach
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. persica
Cultivated peaches are divided into clingstones and freestones, depending on whether the flesh sticks to the stone or not; both can have either white or yellow flesh.
Prunus persica
european oyster
CEC1993:1337
Colchester native oyster
European flat oyster
edible oyster
mud oyster
Ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
edible oyster
european flat oyster
ostrea edulis
Ostrea edulis
Rosa
mangrove cupped oyster
CEC1993:1332
Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)
Crassostrea rhizophorae Guilding
crassostrea rhizophorae
pacific cupped oyster
Crassostrea rhizophorae
Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum
grapefruit
Citrus x paradisi
pears
Pyrus
Sphyrnidae
patagonian smooth-hound
CEC1993:53
narrownose smooth-hound
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939
Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1940
mustelus schmitti
Mustelus schmitti
brown smooth-hound
Mustelus henlei
pyrus pyrifolia
MANSFELD:8735
PLANTS:PYPY2
asian pear tree
chinese pear tree
japanese pear tree
nashi pear tree
nashi tree
oriental pear tree
sand pear tree
sha li
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. fil.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai
Pyrus pyrifolia
Canary grass is a plant, *Phalaris canariensis*, belonging to the family *Poaceae*. Originally a native of the Mediterranean region, it is now grown commercially in several parts of the world for birdseed. In the Canary Islands, Italy and North Africa, P. canariensis is used as food. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_grass]
canary grass plant
PLANTS:PHCA5
Phalaris canariensis L.
phalaris canariensis
Phalaris canariensis
black ulua
giant kingfish
giant trevally
lowly trevally
yellow fin trevally
yellowfin jack
Caranx ignobilis
The trifoliate orange, *Citrus trifoliata* or *Poncirus trifoliata*, is a member of the family *Rutaceae* in the *Citrus* genus. It is native to northern China and Korea, and is also known as the Japanese bitter-orange, hardy orange or Chinese bitter orange. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifoliate_orange]
trifoliate orange plant
PLANTS:POTR4
hardy orange
trifoliate orange
Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.
citrus trifoliate
hardy orange
poncirus trifoliata
Citrus trifoliata
duck barnacle
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus 1767
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758
lepas anatifera
Lepas anatifera
Haliotis gigantea
*Bunium bulbocastanum* is a plant species in the family *Apiaceae*. It is related to cumin (*Cuminum cyminum*) and commonly called black cumin, blackseed, black caraway, or great pignut, and has a smoky, earthy taste. It is often confused with *Nigella sativa* (which is also called black cumin, blackseed, and black caraway). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunium_bulbocastanum]
great pignut plant
PLANTS:BUBU4
black zira
earthnut
Bunium bulbocastanum L.
Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch.
black caraway
bunium bulbocastanum
bunium persicum
earthnut
Bunium bulbocastanum
Cunoniaceae
Buccinidae
*Curcuma australasica*, Native Turmeric, or Cape York Lily, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the *Zingiberaceae* or ginger family. It occurs on Cape York Peninsula, a few areas in the Northern Territory, Australia, and in Papua New Guinea. Aboriginal people in Cape York Peninsula used to roast and eat the roots of this plant. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuma_australasica]
native turmeric plant
PLANTS:CUAU2
Curcuma australasica Hook. f.
cape york lily
curcuma australasica
Curcuma australasica
stonecrop family
Crassulaceae
Parastacidae
Ostrea
Lepas
Chaetodon
Caniformia
Artemiidae
Ribes
goose barnacles
Lepadidae
smooth venus
Chionista fluctifraga
Chionista fluctifraga (G. B. Sowerby II, 1853)
chionista fluctifraga
Chionista fluctifraga
thin-shell littleneck
Callithaca tenerrima
pea family
Fabaceae
Caesalpinioideae
mimosoid clade
Acacia
Indian corn
Zea mays subsp. sacharata
corn
maize
Zea mays subsp. mays
Papilionoideae
gulf stone crab
Gulf stone crab
Menippe adina
Menippe adina A. B. Williams and Felder, 1986
menippe adina
Menippe adina
A species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Barbonymus*. The silver barb it is one of the five most important aquacultured freshwater species in Thailand.
silver barb
Barbonymus gonionotus
Java barb
java barb
Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1850)
Barbonymus gonionotus
Cirrhinus cirrhosus
peanut plant
MANSFELD:29861
PLANTS:ARHY
goober
ground-nut
peanut
Arachis hypogaea L.
arachis hypogaea
earthnut
groundnut
Arachis hypogaea
Pteroglossus bailloni
The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae. Since its domestication in the Indian subcontinent at least 3,500 years ago, its seeds have become a common food in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
pigeon pea plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea
MANSFELD:27597
cajanus cajan
catjang pea
pigeon pea
red gram
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth
gandules
Cajanus cajan
Canavalia
*Canavalia ensiformis*, or (common) jack bean, is a legume which is used for animal fodder and human nutrition, especially in Brazil where it is called feijão-de-porco ("pig bean"). It is also the source of concanavalin A.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis]
jack-bean plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CAEN4
horse bean
jack bean
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.
giant stock-bean
gotani bean
jack bean
seaside-bean
sword bean
wonder bean
Canavalia ensiformis
*Canavalia gladiata*, usually called sword bean, is a domesticated plant species in the legume (*Fabaceae*) family.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_gladiata]
sword-bean plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CAGL15
Japanese jack bean
sword bean
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.
dolichos gladiatus
Canavalia gladiata
lobe-liped notothen
Gobionotothen marionensis
The chickpea or chick pea (*Cicer arietinum*) is a legume of the family *Fabaceae*, subfamily *Faboideae*. Its different types are variously known as gram, or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, as well as the Egyptian pea. Its seeds are high in protein. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes: 7,500-year-old remains have been found in the Middle East.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea]
garbanzo bean plant
MANSFELD:30808
PLANTS:CIAR5
chickpea
garbanzo
Cicer arietinum L.
bengal gram bean
chick bean
chick pea
cicer arietinum
indian gram bean
Cicer arietinum
Bering flounder
Hippoglossoides robustus
The Guar or cluster bean, with the botanical name *Cyamopsis tetragonoloba*, is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It is also known as Gavar, Guwar, or Guvar bean. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guar]
guar plant
cluster bean
guar
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
cluster bean
cyamopsis tetragonoloba
cyamposis psoralioides
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Dolichos
Eragrostis
island mackerel
CEC1993:964
island mackerel
Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967
rastrelliger faugni
Rastrelliger faughni
chinese seerfish
CEC1993:991
Chinese seerfish
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacepède, 1800)
Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800)
scomberomorus sinensis
Scomberomorus sinensis
humpnose big-eye bream
Monotaxis grandoculis
The soybean or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses. Traditional unfermented food uses of soybeans include soy milk, from which tofu and tofu skin are made. Fermented soy foods include soy sauce, fermented bean paste, nattō, and tempeh.
soybean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean
soya bean
soybean
MANSFELD:27017
PLANTS:GLMA4
soybean
soybeans
Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Glycine max
bream
CEC1993:298
bream
common bream
Abramis brama
Abramis brama (Linnaeus, 1758)
Abramis brama
Lathyrus
tuberculate cockle
Acanthocardia tuberculata
salmon shark
CEC1993:21
Lamna ditropis
Lamna ditropis Hubbs & Follett, 1947
Lamna ditropis Hubbs and Follett, 1947
lamna ditropis
shark, salmon
Lamna ditropis
Sweet pea (*Lathyrus odoratus*) is a flowering plant in the genus *Lathyrus* in the family *Fabaceae* (legumes), native to the eastern Mediterranean. Unlike the edible pea, there is evidence that seeds of members of the genus *Lathyrus* are toxic if ingested in quantity. A related species, *Lathyrus sativus*, is grown for human consumption but when it forms a major part of the diet it causes symptoms of toxicity called lathyrism.
sweet pea plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_odoratus
PLANTS:LAOD
sweet pea
Lathyrus odoratus L.
lathyrus odoratus
pea, sweet
Lathyrus odoratus
*Lathyrus sativus*, is a legume (family *Fabaceae*) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. Like other grain legumes, *Lathyrus sativus* produces a high-protein seed. The seeds also contain variable amounts of a neurotoxic amino acid ß-N-Oxalyl-L-a,ß-diaminopropionic acid or ODAP or BOAA.
chickling vetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Lathyrus_sativus
PLANTS:LASA2
chickling vetch
white pea
Lathyrus sativus L.
cicerchia
grass pea
lathyrus sativus
white pea
Lathyrus sativus
Diprotodontia
lentil
Lens culinaris
chinese alligator
Chinese alligator
Alligator sinensis
Alligator sinensis Fauvel, 1879
alligator sinensis
Alligator sinensis
cassie
granadillo boboInOwl
ipil ipil
jumbie bean
jump-and-go
white popinac
Leucaena leucocephala
tarry skate
thorny skate
Amblyraja radiata
Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)
Raja radiata Donovan 1808
amblyraja radiata
atlantic pricly skate
raja radiata
thorny skate
Amblyraja radiata
*Lotus tetragonolobus*, synonym *Tetragonolobus purpureus*, known as asparagus-pea or winged pea, is an annual herb native to the warm temperate regions of the Old World. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_tetragonolobus]
winged pea plant
PLANTS:TEPU6
winged pea
Lotus tetragonolobus L.
Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench
asparagus pea
lotus tetragonolobus
tetragonolobus purpureus
Lotus tetragonolobus
Lupinus
white lupine
Lupinus albus
tortoise shell bamboo plant
MANSFELD:19092
kikko-chiku
mhousou
moso bamboo
mosochiku
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Houz.
Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Lehaie
Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.
moso bamboo
phyllostachys edulis
pubescent bamboo
Phyllostachys edulis
The ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) is a tropical vine that grows primarily in tropical climates and is commonly found in the southern Indian states, where it forms a part of the local cuisine.
ivy gourd plant
coccinea cordifolia
coccinea grandis
coccinea indica
Coccinia grandis
Tauʻolunga (left), Thamizhpparithi Maari (top right, background), Adityamadhav83 (top right, in front), Forest & Kim Starr (bottom right), montage by User:RoRo
Lambis lambis
florida fighting conch
Strombus alatus
Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus alatus
Strombus alatus
milk conch
Strombus costatus
Strombus costatus Gmelin, 1791
strombus costatus
Macrostrombus costatus
west indian fighting conch
Strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758
strombus pugilis
Strombus pugilis
giant bamboo plant
MANSFELD:19296
PLANTS:DEAS
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne
Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne
dendrocalamus asper
Dendrocalamus asper
Poales
Phaseolus
lima bean
Phaseolus lunatus
French bean
kidney bean
string bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
*Gentiana lutea* (Great Yellow Gentian) is a species of gentian native to the mountains of central and southern Europe. Other names include 'Yellow Gentian', 'Bitter Root', 'Bitterwort', 'Centiyane', and 'Genciana'.
Gentian root has a long history of use as a herbal bitter in the treatment of digestive disorders and is an ingredient of many proprietary medicines.
yellow gentian plant
WIKIPEDIA:Gentiana_lutea
PLANTS:GELU2
yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea L.
gentian, yellow
gentiana lutea
great yellow gentian
Gentiana lutea
*Phaseolus coccineus*, known as runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean, is a plant in the legume or *Fabaceae* family. Another common name is butter bean, which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species.
Damion Dooley
scarlet runner bean plant
MANSFELD:27510
PLANTS:PHCO6
butter bean plant
multiflora bean plant
phaseolus coccineus
phaseolus multifloris
runner bean plant
scarlet bean plant
scarlet runner bean
Phaseolus coccineus L.
Phaseolus coccineus
*Mentha suaveolens*, the apple mint, pineapple mint, woolly mint or round-leafed mint (synonyms *M. rotundifolia, Mentha macrostachya, Mentha insularis*), is a member of the mint family *Lamiaceae*. It is native to southern and western Europe including the Mediterranean region. It is a herbaceous, upright perennial plant that is most commonly grown as a culinary herb or for ground cover. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mentha_suaveolens]
apple mint plant
PLANTS:MESU5
applemint
pineapple mint
Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.
mentha suaveolens
pineapple mint
round-leaf mint
Mentha suaveolens
*Salvia officinalis* (sage, also called garden sage, common sage, or culinary sage) is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family *Lamiaceae* and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use, and in modern times as an ornamental garden plant. The common name "sage" is also used for a number of related and unrelated species. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia_officinalis]
kitchen sage plant
PLANTS:SAOF2
garden sage
Salvia officinalis L.
common sage
salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis
*Salvia sclarea*, the clary or clary sage, is a biennial or short-lived herbaceous perennial in the genus *Salvia*. The plant has a lengthy history as a medicinal herb, and is currently grown for its essential oil - used widely in perfumes and as a muscatel flavoring for vermouths, wines, and liqueurs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia_sclarea]
clary sage plant
PLANTS:SASC2
clary
Salvia sclarea L.
salvia sclarea
Salvia sclarea
*Fraxinus ornus*, the manna ash or South European flowering ash, is a species of Fraxinus native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia. A sugary extract from the sap is extracted by making a cut in the bark; this was compared in late medieval times with the biblical manna. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraxinus_ornus]
manna ash plant
PLANTS:FROR2
flowering ash
manna ash
Fraxinus ornus L.
flowering ash
fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit *Pisum sativum*.
garden pea plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pisum_sativum
PLANTS:PISA6
dry pea plant
english pea plant
garden pea
garden pea plant
pea
peas
Pisum sativum L.
Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of Early Modern Europe. In England, the distinction between "field peas" and "garden peas" dates from the early 17th century.
Pisum sativum
The winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is a tropical legume plant native to New Guinea. It grows abundantly in the hot, humid equatorial countries of South and Southeast Asia.
winged bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean
PLANTS:PSTE10
Goa bean
asparagus bean
asparagus pea
asparagus pea plant
dragon bean plant
four-angled bean plant
four-cornered bean plant
goa bean plant
manila bean plant
psophocarpus tetragonolobus
winged bean
winged beans
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
Sesbania
Diplodus
Flammulina velutipes
Perna
greenshell mussel
Perna canaliculus
Agonostomus
Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis
striped mojarra
Eugerres plumieri
great northern tilefish
Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps
small-toothed whiptail
Pentapodus caninus
Pseudupeneus maculatus
Gangetic ailia
Ailia coila
Vicia
Sciades
broad bean
faba bean
fava bean
Vicia faba
Aulotrachichthys prosthemius
duckbill grenadier
Coelorinchus anatirostris
Kamohara grenadier
Coelorinchus kamoharai
Jordan's cod
Gadella jordani
*Vicia sativa*, known as the Common Vetch, Tare or simply "the vetch", is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as green manure or livestock fodder.
common vetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Vicia_sativa
PLANTS:VISA
spring vetch
tare
Vicia sativa L.
garden vetch
narrowleaf vetch
sweetpea (garden vetch)
vicia sativa
Vicia sativa
The harp seal or saddleback seal is a species of earless seal native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Arctic Ocean.
harp seal
WIKIPEDIA:Harp_seal
CEC1993:1433
MSW3:14001057
harp seal
Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)
Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben, 1777
pagophilus groenlandicus
saddleback seal
Phoca groenlandica
The spotted seal (*Phoca largha*, *Phoca vitulina largha*), also known as the larga or largha seal, is a member of the family *Phocidae*, and is considered a "true seal". It inhabits ice floes and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas.
spotted seal
WIKIPEDIA:Spotted_seal
MSW3:14001059
spotted seal
Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811)
Phoca largha Pallas, 1811
larga seal
phoca largha
phoca vitulina largha
Phoca largha
Murinae
Sphoeroides
southern puffer
Sphoeroides nephelus
Rhynchoconger
Rhynchoconger flavus
Vigna
The adzuki bean (*Vigna angularis* (English: red mung bean) is an annual vine widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small (approximately 5 mm) bean. The cultivars most familiar in Northeast Asia have a uniform red colour, however, white, black, gray, and variously mottled varieties also are known.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adzuki_bean]
adzuki bean plant
MANSFELD:27404
PLANTS:VIAN7
adzuki bean
azuki bean
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi
Vigna angularis var. angularis
azuki bean
phaseolus angularis
red mung bean
vigna angularis
Vigna angularis
*Vigna mungo*, black gram, urad bean, minapa pappu, mungo bean or black matpe bean is a bean grown in the Indian subcontinent. At one time it was considered to belong to the same species as the mung bean. The product sold as *black lentil* is usually the whole urad bean, whereas the split bean (the interior being white) is called *white lentil*. It should not to be confused with the much smaller true black lentil (*Lens culinaris*).
black gram bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_mungo
MANSFELD:27363
PLANTS:VIMU7
black gram
black lentil
matpe bean
minapa pappu
mungo bean
urad
urad dal
urd
urd-bean
urdbean
vigna mungo
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
phaseolus mungo
Vigna mungo
golden gram
green gram
mung bean
Vigna radiata var. radiata
cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
Monarda
horsemints
wild bergamots
Monarda <eudicots>
basils
Ocimum
marjorams
oreganos
Origanum
*Vigna aconitifolia* is a drought-resistant legume, commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions of India. It is commonly called mat bean, moth bean, matki, Turkish gram or dew bean. The pods, sprouts and protein rich seeds of this crop are commonly consumed in India. Moth bean can be grown on many soil types, and can also act as a pasture legume.
moth bean plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_aconitifolia
PLANTS:VIAC4
Turkish gram
dew bean
mat bean
matki
moth bean
moth-bean
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal
Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Maréchal
phaseolus aconitifolius
vigna aconitifolia
Vigna aconitifolia
black-eyed pea
cowpea
crowder pea
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
Swertia
Japanese barracuda
Sphyraena japonica
mulleins
Verbascum
anise hyssop
anise-mint
blue giant hyssop
Agastache foeniculum
Guarana (*Paullinia cupana*, syn. *P. crysan*, *P. sorbilis*) is a climbing plant in the maple family, *Sapindaceae*, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guarana features large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for its fruit, which is about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary supplement, guarana is an effective stimulant] it contains about twice the caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2 to 4.5% caffeine in guarana seeds compared to 1 to 2% for coffee beans)..
guarana plant
WIKIPEDIA:Guarana
MANSFELD:6836
PLANTS:PACU7
brazilian cocoa
guarana
paullinia cupana
uabano
Paullinia cupana Kunth
Paullinia cupana
loosestrife family
Lythraceae
redtoothed triggerfish
Odonus niger
Pulaka (*Cyrtosperma merkusii*), or swamp taro, is a crop grown in Oceania (especially Tuvalu) and an important source of carbohydrates for the area's inhabitants. It is a "swamp crop" similar to taro, but "with bigger leaves and larger, coarser roots." Pulaka roots need to be cooked for hours to reduce toxicity in the corms, but are rich in nutrients, especially calcium. Pulaka is an important part of Tuvalu cultural and culinary tradition, now under threat from rising sea level and displacement from the growing use of imported food products.
pulaka plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pulaka
PLANTS:CYME10
giant swamp taro
Cyrtosperma merkusii (Hassk.) Schott
cyrtosperma merkusii
giant swamp taro
Cyrtosperma merkusii
*Dracocephalum moldavica* (Moldavian dragonhead) is an annual herbaceous plant. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracocephalum_moldavica]
moldavian dragonhead plant
PLANTS:DRMO
Dracocephalum moldavica L.
dracocephalum moldavica
Dracocephalum moldavica
The bearded seal (*Erignathus barbatus*), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean. Bearded seals are a primary food source for polar bears and for the Inuit of the Arctic coast. The Inuktitut name for the seal is Ugyuk or Oogrook or Oogruk.
bearded seal
WIKIPEDIA:Bearded_seal
CEC1993:1430
MSW3:14001032
bearded seal
Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)
Erignathus barbatus Erxleben, 1777
erignathus barbatus
oogruk
square flipper seal
squareflipper
ugruk
Erignathus barbatus
myrtle family
Myrtaceae
Eucalyptus
lemon balm plant
MANSFELD:16386
PLANTS:MEOF2
common balm
sweet balm
Melissa officinalis L.
balm
lemon balm
melissa officinalis
Melissa officinalis
evening-primrose family
Onagraceae
Basil (*Ocimum basilicum*), also called great basil or Saint-Joseph's-wort, is a culinary herb of the family *Lamiaceae* (mints). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil]
sweet basil plant
MANSFELD:15478
MANSFELD:15847
PLANTS:OCBA
basil
sweet basil
Ocimum basilicum L.
basil
ocimum basilicum
sweet basil
Ocimum basilicum
Oregano (*Origanum vulgare*) is a flowering plant in the mint family (*Lamiaceae*). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. It is sometimes called wild marjoram, and its close relative, *O. majorana*, is known as sweet marjoram. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregano]
oregano plant
MANSFELD:16258
PLANTS:ORVU
Common oregano
oregano
Origanum vulgare L.
european oregano
marjoram, wild
oregano, common
oregano, european
origanum
origanum vulgare
wild marjoram
Origanum vulgare
rosemary
Salvia rosmarinus
*Verbascum*, common name mullein (also known as velvet plant), is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the figwort family *Scrophulariaceae*. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean. Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of *Verbascum thapsus*, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbascum]
mullein plant
2021-08-19T00:01:41Z
Aaron's-rod
common mullein
flannel plant
velvet plant
Verbascum thapsus
jonah crab
CEC1993:1273
Jonah crab
Cancer borealis
Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859
cancer borealis
Cancer borealis
morel
Morchella esculenta
*Plantago lanceolata* is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family *Plantaginaceae*. It is known by the common names ribwort plantain, narrowleaf plantain, English plantain, ribleaf and lamb's tongue. *Plantago lanceolata* is used frequently in herbal teas and other herbal remedies. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_lanceolata]
ribwort plantain plant
PLANTS:PLLA
narrow-leaved plantain
ribgrass
Plantago lanceolata L.
narrowleaf plantain
plantago lanceolata
Plantago lanceolata
French truffle
Perigord truffle
black truffle
Tuber melanosporum
shortraker rockfish
Sebastes borealis
black-and-yellow rockfish
Sebastes chrysomelas
calico rockfish
Sebastes dallii
labrador redfish
Acadian redfish
Sebastes fasciatus
Sebastes fasciatus Storer 1856
Sebastes fasciatus Storer, 1854
redfish, labrador
sebastes fasciatus
Sebastes fasciatus
Mexican rockfish
Sebastes macdonaldi
semaphore rockfish
Sebastes melanosema
deepwater redfish
Sebastes mentella
China rockfish
Sebastes nebulosus
golden redfish
Sebastes norvegicus
chameleon rockfish
Sebastes phillipsi
northern rockfish
Sebastes polyspinis
redstripe rockfish
Sebastes proriger
yellowmouth rockfish
Sebastes reedi
dwarf-red rockfish
Sebastes rufinanus
norway haddock
Norway redfish
Sebastes viviparus
Sebastes viviparus Krøyer, 1845
norway redfish
sebastes viviparus
Sebastes viviparus
Muricidae
*Rumex arcticus*, commonly known as Arctic Dock or Sourdock, is a perennial flowering plant that is native to Alaska. Its leaves are an important part of the diet of native Alaskans such as the Yupik people, who include it in various dishes such as akutaq.
arctic dock plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rumex_arcticus
PLANTS:RUAR6
Rumex arcticus Trautv.
rumex arcticus
sourdock
Rumex arcticus
Indian almond family
Combretaceae
Grapsidae
sandlewood family
Santalaceae
catkin mistletoe family
showy mistletoe family
Loranthaceae
Aphareus
Aphareus furca
Aprion virescens
Diagramma labiosum
two-spotted red snapper
Lutjanus bohar
humpback snapper
humpback red snapper
Lutjanus gibbus
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
lutjanus gibbus
snapper, humpback
Lutjanus gibbus
common bluestripe snapper
Lutjanus kasmira
onespot snapper
Lutjanus monostigma
five-lined snapper
five-lined snapper
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790)
Lutjanus quinquelineatus Bloch, 1970
lutjanus quinquelineatus
Lutjanus quinquelineatus
Macolor
black and white snapper
black beauty
black snapper
Macolor niger
Symphorichthys spilurus
chinamanfish
Symphorus nematophorus
Chitonidae
brazilian catfish
Laulao catfish
Brachyplatystoma vaillanti (Valenciennes, 1840)
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
brachyplatystoma vaillanti
Brachyplatystoma vaillantii
Cinnamomum tamala
spurge family
Euphorbiaceae
triangle tanner crab
Chionoecetes angulatus
Chionoecetes angulatus M. J. Rathbun, 1924
chionoecetes angulatus
Chionoecetes angulatus
Lopholithodes foraminatus
sidestriped shrimp
Pandalopsis dispar
Pandalopsis dispar M. J. Rathbun, 1902
Pandalopsis dispar M.J. Rathbun, 1902
pandalopsis dispar
Pandalus dispar
Pandalus goniurus
Pandalus jordani
aesop shrimp
CEC1993:1225
Pandalus montagui Leach ,1814
Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814
pandalus montagui
Pandalus montagui
crimson jobfish
Pristipomoides filamentosus
moontail bullseye
Priacanthus hamrur
cassava
manioc
tapioca
yuca
Manihot esculenta
Chascanopsetta
Pontinus macrocephalus
castor bean
Ricinus communis
Sphyraena guachancho
inshore lizardfish
Synodus foetens
Indian rice
Indica rice
long-grained rice
Oryza sativa Indica Group
Japanese rice
Japonica rice
Oryza sativa Japonica Group
Hypsizygus
Simmondsiaceae
jojoba plant
PLANTS:SICH
goatnut
jojoba
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K.Schneid.
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid.
deer nut
goat nut
simmondsia chinensis
Simmondsia chinensis
Terminalia
tropical almond plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:TECA
Indian almond
badam
kamani
myrobalan
tropical almond
Terminalia catappa L.
indian-almond
malabar-almond
sea-almond
terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa
red mangrove family
Rhizophoraceae
flax family
Linaceae
flax plant
PLANTS:LIUS
flax
Linum usitatissimum L.
common flax
cultivated flax
flax, common
flax, cultivated
lin
linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum
*Solanum centrale*, the kutjera, or Australian desert raisin, is a plant native to the more arid parts of Australia. Like other "bush tomatoes", it has been used as a food source by Central Australia and Aboriginal groups for millennia.
bush raisin plant
Solanum centrale J.M. Black
australian desert raisin
kutjera
solanum centrale
Solanum centrale
*Solanum ellipticum* is known as potato bush and under the more ambiguous name of "bush tomato". Native to Australia, the potato bush is a small fruiting shrub in the *Solanaceae* family. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_ellipticum]
potato bush
Solanum ellipticum R. Br.
potato-bush
potato-weed
solanum ellipticum
velvet potato-bush
Solanum ellipticum
sumac family
Anacardiaceae
Rhus
wedge shells
Donacidae
Donax
Donax <bivalves>
frankincense family
Burseraceae
Tricholoma
matsutake
Tricholoma matsutake
The narwhal, or narwhale (*Monodon monoceros*), is a medium-sized toothed whale and possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia. It is one of two living species of whale in the *Monodontidae* family, along with the beluga whale. The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine.
narwhal
WIKIPEDIA:Narwhal
CEC1993:1461
MSW3:14300107
narwhal
Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758
monodon monoceros
narwhale
unicorn whale
Monodon monoceros
Cichla
nasturtium family
Tropaeolaceae
Tropaeolum
nasturtium
Tropaeolum majus
Chamaeleonidae
horsemussels
Modiolus
northern horse mussel
northern horsemussel
Modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
modiolus modiolus
Modiolus modiolus
geranium family
Geraniaceae
Sperata
Geranium
A shrub native to South Africa.
Damion Dooley
natal plum plant
PLANTS:CAMA37
carissa macrocarpa
Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC.
Carissa macrocarpa (Ecklon) A. DC.
Carissa macrocarpa
wood-sorrel family
Oxalidaceae
Zygophyllales
carrot family
Apiaceae
Daucus
Queen Anne's lace
carrot
carrots
Daucus carota
parsnip
Pastinaca sativa
parsley plant group
2021-08-14T19:32:00Z
Petroselinum J. Hill
petroselinum spp.
Petroselinum
parsley
Petroselinum crispum
A marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity.
celery plant
MANSFELD:1212
Apium graveolens L.
Apium graveolens
Hericium
cilantro
coriander
Coriandrum sativum
Sarcomyxa serotina
Lutjanus
dog snapper
Lutjanus jocu
mutton snapper
mutton snapper
Lutjanus analis
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus analis
snapper, mutton
Lutjanus analis
lane snapper
Lutjanus synagris
mahogany snapper
Lutjanus mahogoni
Ocyurus chrysurus
ginseng family
Araliaceae
silk snapper
FDA.RFE.2010:35
silk snapper
Lutjanus vivanus
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus vivanus
snapper, silk
Lutjanus vivanus
cubera snapper
Lutjanus cyanopterus
schoolmaster snapper
Lutjanus apodus
gray snapper
FDA.RFE.2010:31
grey snapper
Lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus griseus
blackfin snapper
blackfin snapper
Lutjanus buccanella
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lutjanus buccanella (Cuvier, 1828)
lutjanus buccanella
snapper, blackfin
Lutjanus buccanella
red snapper
CEC1993:682
FDA.RFE.2010:30
northern red snapper
red snapper
Lutjanus campechanus
Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860)
lutjanus blackfordi
lutjanus campechanus
lutjanus pensacolae
snapper, red
Lutjanus campechanus
Rhomboplites aurorubens
Etelis
queen snapper
queen snapper
Etelis oculatus
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Etelis oculatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
bleareyed snapper
cachucho
etelis oculatus
night snapper
Etelis oculatus
Pristipomoides
wrenchman
Pristipomoides aquilonaris
Panax
Cubeb (*Piper cubeba*), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus *Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. It is mostly grown in Java and Sumatra, hence sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, similar in appearance to black pepper, but with stalks attached - the "tails" in "tailed pepper".
cubeb plant
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_cubeba
PLANTS:PICU
Piper cubeba L. f.
Piper cubeba L. fil.
java pepper
piper cubeba
tailed pepper
Piper cubeba
*Panax ginseng* is available commercially as fresh, red, and white ginsengs; wild ginseng is used where available.
chinese ginseng plant
WIKIPEDIA:Panax_ginseng
PLANTS:PAGI2
Asiatic ginseng
Chinese ginseng
Korean ginseng
ginseng
hong shen
insam
jinso
ninjin
ren seng
sansam
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.
asian ginseng
asiatic ginseng
korean ginseng
manchurian ginseng
oriental ginseng
Panax ginseng
Dioscoreales
Gentianales
asparagus family
Asparagaceae
dogbane family
Apocynaceae
Strophariaceae
Amanita novinupta
mammals
Mammalia
A perennial woody vine that grows in tropical areas of India, Africa, and Australia and has been used for medicinal purposes in Ayurvedic medicine.
gymnema plant
PLANTS:GYSY
Australian cowplant
gurmar
periploca of the woods
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult.
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.
Gymnema sylvestre
Solanales
nightshade family
Solanaceae
peppers
Capsicum
ancho pepper plant
C annuum
Capsicum annuum
WIKIPEDIA:Tomato
MANSFELD:6054
tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum P. Mill.
Solanum lycopersicum L.
lycopersicon esculentum
Solanum lycopersicum
barbel
CEC1993:307
barbel
Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbus barbus
Barbus barbus
chervil
Anthriscus cerefolium
PlantLife [http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/saving-species-dossier/Scandix_pecten-veneris_dossier.pdf]
shepherd's needle plant
PLANTS:SCPE
Venus's comb
shepherd's needle
Scandix pecten-veneris L.
scandix pecten-veneris
shepherdsneedle
venus'-comb
Scandix pecten-veneris
Anethum
dill plant
2021-08-14T18:58:48Z
MANSFELD:1571
dill
Anethum graveolens L.
Anethum graveolens
Angelica
*Angelica archangelica*, commonly known as garden angelica, wild celery, and Norwegian angelica, is a biennial plant from the Apiaceae family, a subspecies of which is cultivated for its sweetly scented edible stems and roots. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_archangelica]
garden angelica plant
PLANTS:ANAR9
wild parsnip
Angelica archangelica L.
angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica
Pimpinella
*Pimpinella saxifraga*, known as burnet-saxifrage, solidstem burnet saxifrage, lesser burnet, or salad burnet is a plant of the family *Umbelliferae* a native of the British Isles and temperate Europe and Western Asia
"it is a capital wound herb" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimpinella_saxifraga]
burnet-saxifrage plant
IT IS:29824
PLANTS:PISA
PLANTS:PISAN
PLANTS:PISAS
burnet saxifrage
Pimpinella saxifraga L.
Pimpinella saxifraga L. ssp. Nigra (Mill.) Gaudin
Pimpinella saxifraga L. ssp. Saxifraga
pimpinella saxifrage
solidstem burnet saxifrage
Pimpinella saxifraga
butter clam
CEC1993:1385
Saxidomus gigantea
Saxidomus gigantea (Deshayes, 1839)
Saxidomus giganteus (Deshayes, 1839)
saxidomus giganteus
Saxidomus gigantea
nuttall cockle
Clinocardium nuttallii
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad 1837)
Clinocardium nuttallii (Conrad, 1837)
basket cockle
clinocardium nuttallii
heart cockle
Clinocardium nuttallii
Solanum
Polyphaga
Polyphaga <beetles>
Pollicipes pollicipes
*Solanum nigrum* (European Black Nightshade or locally just "black nightshade", Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Hound's Berry, Petty Morel, Wonder Berry, Small-fruited black nightshade or popolo) is a species in the *Solanum* genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa. Parts of this plant can be highly toxic to livestock and humans, and it's considered a weed. Nonetheless, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales; and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine.
black nightshade plant
WIKIPEDIA:Solanum_nigrum
CCPR:
PLANTS:SONI
black nightshade
Solanum nigrum L.
solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum
potato
potatoes
Solanum tuberosum
striped anchovy
CEC1993:206
broad-striped anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus
Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anchoa hepsetus
broad-striped anchovy
Anchoa hepsetus
skipjack shad
Alosa chrysochloris
shortfinger anchovy
Anchoa lyolepis
silver anchovy
Engraulis eurystole
three spot swimming crab
Portunus sanguinolentus
morning-glory family
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea
The sweet potato (*Ipomoea batatas*) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, *Convolvulaceae*. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (*Solanum tuberosum*) and does not belong to the nightshade family, *Solanaceae*, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_potato]
sweet potato plant
MANSFELD:21565
PLANTS:IPBA2
batate
sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.
Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poiret
ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas
Chionoecetes
snow crab
CEC1993:1298
Alaska Snow Crab
snow crab
Chionoecetes opilio
Chionoecetes opilio (Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio (J. C. Fabricius, 1788)
Chionoecetes opilio opilio (O. Fabricius, 1788)
chionoecetes opilio
queen crab
Chionoecetes opilio
Common sorrel or garden sorrel (*Rumex acetosa*), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family *Polygonaceae*. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or salad vegetable (pot herb). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrel]
garden sorrel plant
MANSFELD:9486
PLANTS:RUAC2
garden sorrel
sour dock
Rumex acetosa L.
common sorrel
rumex acetosa
spinach dock
Rumex acetosa
Cucumis melo subsp. melo
mint family
Lamiaceae
Lamiales
olive famly
Oleaceae
greater amberjack
CEC1993:650
greater amberjack
Seriola dumerili
Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
amberjack, greater
seriola dumerili
Seriola dumerili
2023-06-18T21:14:44Z
MANSFELD:11672
common olive
Olea europaea L.
manzanilla olive
olea europaea
Olea europaea
sweet lime plant
PLANTS:CILI2
Citrus limetta Risso
bitter orange
Citrus limetta
Antennaria
cat's-ears
pussy-toes
Antennaria <eudicots>
figwort family
Scrophulariaceae
*Bellis perennis* is a common European species of daisy, of the *Asteraceae* family, often considered the archetypal species of that name. Many related plants also share the name "daisy", so to distinguish this species from other daisies it is sometimes qualified as common daisy, lawn daisy or English daisy. This daisy may be used as a potherb. Flower buds and petals can be eaten raw in sandwiches, soups and salads. It is also used as a tea and as a vitamin supplement. *Bellis perennis* has astringent properties and has been used in herbal medicine.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellis_perennis]
common daisy plant
PLANTS:BEPE2
English daisy
Bellis perennis L.
bellis perennis
english daisy
lawndaisy
Bellis perennis
*Calendula officinalis*, the pot marigold, ruddles, common marigold or Scotch marigold, is a plant in the genus *Calendula* of the family *Asteraceae*. Pot marigold florets are edible. They are often used to add color to salads or added to dishes as a garnish and in lieu of saffron. The leaves are edible but are often not palatable. They have a history of use as a potherb and in salads.
marigold plant (Calendula)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendula_officinalis
CCPR:
PLANTS:CAOF
common marigold
pot marigold
Calendula officinalis L.
calendula
calendula officinalis
ruddles
scottish-marigold
Calendula officinalis
Centaurea
*Centaurea cyanus*, commonly known as cornflower or bachelor's button, is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe. Cornflowers are often used as an ingredient in some tea blends and herbal teas, and is famous in the Lady Grey blend of Twinings. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurea_cyanus]
cornflower plant
PLANTS:CECY2
bachelor's-button
blue bottle
Centaurea cyanus L.
centaurea cyanus
Centaurea cyanus
Canada thistle
Cirsium arvense
The Finger Lime plant, *Citrus australasica* (syn. *Microcitrus australasica*) is a thorny understorey shrub or small tree of lowland subtropical rainforest and dry rainforest in the coastal border region of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
The plant is 2-7 metres in height. Leaves are small, 1-6 cm long and 3-25 mm wide, glabrous, with a notched tip and crenate towards the apex. Flowers are white with petals 6-9 mm long. The fruit is cylindrical, 4-8 cm long, sometimes slightly curved, coming in different colours, including pink and green.
Early settlers consumed the fruit and retained the trees when clearing for agriculture. Colonial botanists suggested that they should be cultivated.
The finger lime has been recently popularised as a gourmet bushfood. The globular juice vesicles have been likened to a "lime caviar", which can be used as a garnish or added to various recipes. The fresh vesicles have the effect of a burst of effervescent tangy flavour as they are chewed. The fruit juice is acidic and similar to that of a lime. Marmalade and pickles are also made from finger lime. The finger lime peel can be dried and used as a flavouring spice.
There is a wide range of different coloured variants of finger lime fruit, including green, yellow, orange, red, purple, black and brown. Finger lime is thought to have the widest range of colour variation within any *Citrus* species.
australian finger lime plant
WIKIPEDIA:Citrus_australasica
PLANTS:MIAU4
Australian finger-lime
Microcitrus australasica (F. Muell.) Swingle
citrus australasica
microcitrus australasica
Citrus australasica
Bedford cabbage
braganza
seakale cabbage
tronchuda kale
Brassica oleracea var. costata
Neopterygii
Chinese radish
Japanese radish
daikon
kaiware daikon
Raphanus sativus var. niger
japanese pilchard
CEC1993:195
Sardinops melanostictus
Sardinops melanostictus (Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
sardinops melanostictus
sardinops sagax melanosticta
Sardinops melanostictus
Livistoneae
Protacanthopterygii
freshwater smelts and others
Osmeriformes
bonytongues
Osteoglossiformes
Ranunculales
barberry family
Berberidaceae
Brotula
sesame family
Pedaliaceae
A small genus of icefishes native to Asia. They are commercially fished and used for aquaculture in China.
clearhead icefish
Protosalanx
Protosalanx hyalocranius
clearhead icefish
Protosalanx hyalocranius (Abbott, 1901)
Protosalanx hyalocranius
lake sturgeon
Acipenser fulvescens
Couma sea catfish
Sciades couma
Pemecou sea catfish
Sciades herzbergii
Sciades parkeri
crucifix sea catfish
Sciades proops
Sapindales
Malvales
Myrtales
Ericales
Saxifragales
Santalales
Amanita
fly agaric
Amanita muscaria
Dipsacales
honeysuckle famly
Caprifoliaceae
Sambucus
Damion Dooley
european elder plant
MANSFELD:23325
PLANTS:SANI4
European elder
elderberry
sambucus nigra
sambucus spp.
Sambucus nigra L.
black elderberry
Sambucus nigra
Viburnum
*Silene vulgaris* or Bladder Campion is a plant species of the genus *Silene*. The young shoots are edible, but saponin gives them a bitter flavor.
bladder campion plant
WIKIPEDIA:Silene_vulgaris
PLANTS:SIVU
Zawadskii's campion
bladder campion
maiden's-tears
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
bladder silene
cowbell
maiden's tears
maiden's-tears
maidenstears
rattleweed
silene vulgaris
Silene vulgaris
white skate
bottlenosed skate
Raja alba Lacepède, 1803
Rostroraja alba (Lacepède, 1803)
raja alba
rostroraja alba
Rostroraja alba
blue skate
Dipturus batis 1 SPI-2007
blue grey skate
blue skate
common skate
flapper skate
gray skate
grey skate
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758
blue skate
common european skate
dipturus batis
flapper skate
raja batis
Dipturus batis
Adoxaceae
Compositae
daisy family
Asteraceae
temperate basses
Moronidae
*Arctium lappa*, commonly called greater burdock, edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable.
Damion Dooley
greater burdock plant
PLANTS:ARLA3
arctium lappa
beggar's buttons
edible burdock
gobo burdock
great burdock
greater burdock
happy major
lappa
thorny burr
Arctium lappa L.
Arctium lappa L. var. edule (Siebold ex Miq.) Mansf.
Arctium lappa
Artemisia
*Artemisia vulgaris* (common mugwort or common wormwood) is one of several species in the genus *Artemisia* commonly known as mugwort, although Artemisia vulgaris is the species most often called mugwort. Mugworts have been used medicinally and as culinary herbs. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_vulgaris]
mugwort plant
IT IS:35505
PLANTS:ARVU
artemisia vulgaris
common wormwood
common wormwood
mugwort
Artemisia vulgaris L.
Artemisia vulgaris
witch-hazel family
Hamamelidaceae
dogwood family
Cornaceae
safflower plant
PLANTS:CATI
safflower
Carthamus tinctorius L.
carthamus tinctorius
false saffron
Carthamus tinctorius
gean
mazzard
sweet cherry
Prunus avium
gray truffle
white Piedmont truffle
white truffle
Tuber magnatum
sunflowers
Helianthus
sunflower plant
MANSFELD:32888
PLANTS:HEAN3
common sunflower
Helianthus annuus L.
giant greystripe
helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuus
jerusalem artichoke plant
BASIS:145
MANSFELD:32904
Jerusalem artichoke
Helianthus tuberosus L.
girasole
helianthus tuberosus
jerusalem sunflower
Helianthus tuberosus
adriatic sturgeon
CEC1993:131
Adriatic sturgeon
Acipenser naccarii
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte 1836
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1830
Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836
acipenser naccarii
Acipenser naccarii
blackjack plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:BIPI
beggar-ticks
bur-marigold
cuckold
sticktight
Bidens pilosa L.
bidens pilosa
hairy beggar-ticks
spanish-needles
Bidens pilosa
Roe's abalone
Haliotis roei
date plant
MANSFELD:10700
PLANTS:PHDA4
date palm
Phoenix dactylifera L.
phoenix dactylifera
Phoenix dactylifera
Lactuca
PLANTS:LASA3
cultivated lettuce
garden lettuce
Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L. H. Bailey
Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L.H.Bailey
Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L.
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.
lactuca sativa var. asparagina
lactuca sativa var. cos
leaf lettuce
red coral lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Solanoideae
Physaleae
Arnica
Serrasalmidae
A large species of freshwater fish in the family Serrasalmidae. It is native to tropical South America, but kept in aquaculture and introduced elsewhere. It is also known by the names black pacu, black-finned pacu, giant pacu, cachama, gamitana, and sometimes as pacu (a name used for several other related species).
cachama
Colossoma macropomum
black pacu
tambaqui
tambaqui
Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816)
colossoma macropomum
Colossoma macropomum
Piaractus
A South American ray-finned fish that is native to the Paraguay-Paraná River basin, but it has been introduced by aquaculture activities in a wider area.
pacu
Paraná River pacu
Piaractus mesopotamicus
pacu
small-scaled pacu
Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887)
Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1891)
Piaractus mesopotamicus
A large species of pacu, a close relative of piranhas and silver dollars, in the serrasalmid family. It is native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins in tropical South America, but it is widely farmed and has been introduced to other regions.
pirapitinga
Piaractus brachypomus
pirapitinga
Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1817)
Piaractus brachypomus
Myleus pacu
northern wolffish
CEC1993:905
northern wolffish
Anarhichas denticulatus
Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer, 1845
anarhichas denticulatus
Anarhichas denticulatus
Triportheus
Gratioleae
fangtooth moray
Enchelycore anatina
grey gurnard
CEC1993:1071
grey gurnard
Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelidonichthys gurnardus
trigla gurnardus
Eutrigla gurnardus
Oleeae
Megaleporinus obtusidens
Hospe mullet
Mugil hospes
Parassi mullet
Mugil incilis
liza
CEC1993:538
liza mullet
Mugil liza
Mugil liza Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836
lebranche mullet
mugil brasiliensis
mugil liza
Mugil liza
cardoon plant
MANSFELD:31793
PLANTS:CYCA
cardoon
cardoon
cynara cardunculus
wild artichoke
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara cardunculus
Phoxinus
Barbados cherry family
Malpighiaceae
*Byrsonima crassifolia* is a species of flowering plant in the acerola family, *Malpighiaceae*, that is native to tropical America. It is valued for its small, sweet, yellow fruit, which are strongly scented. Common names include nanche, nance, chacunga, changunga, craboo, kraabu, savanna serrette (or savanna serret) and golden spoon.
golden-spoon plant
WIKIPEDIA:Byrsonima_crassifolia
PLANTS:BYCR
byrsonima crassifolia
craboo
craboo
golden-spoon
indano
maricao cimun
murici
nance
nance
yoco
Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth
Byrsonima crassifolia
Rhopilema
Polygalaceae
Atheresthes
arrowtooth flounder
CEC1993:1111
FDA.RFE.2010:55
arrowtooth flounder
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Atheresthes stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
Reinhardtius stomias
Reinhardtius stomias (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
atheresthes stomias
Atheresthes stomias
Cornus
Atlantic bigeye
Priacanthus arenatus
Datnioides
four-banded tigerfish
four-banded triple-tail
four-barred tigerfish
Datnioides polota
*Cornus mas* (Cornelian cherry, European cornel or Cornelian cherry dogwood) is a species of flowering plant in the dogwood family *Cornaceae* native to Southern Europe and Southwestern Asia.
The fruits when ripe on the plant bear a resemblance to coffee berries, and ripen in mid- to late summer. The fruit is edible (mainly consumed in Eastern Europe, UK, and Iran), but the unripe fruit is astringent. The fruit only fully ripens after it falls from the tree. When ripe, the fruit is dark ruby red or a bright yellow. It has an acidic flavour which is best described as a mixture of cranberry and sour cherry; it is mainly used for making jam, makes an excellent sauce similar to cranberry sauce when pitted and then boiled with sugar and orange, but also can be eaten dried. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornus_mas]
cornelian cherry plant
MANSFELD:24774
PLANTS:COMA21
cornelian cherry
Cornus mas L.
cornus mas
Cornus mas
Engraulis
japanese anchovy
CEC1993:216
Japanese anchovy
Engraulis japonicus
Engraulis japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1846
Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
engraulis japonicus
Engraulis japonicus
european bittersweet
CEC1993:1368
Glycymeris glycymeris
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1767)
common european bittersweet
dog cockle
glycymeris glycymeris
pectunculus glycymeris
Glycymeris glycymeris
arabian mummum plant
PLANTS:CAED8
Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl
Carissa edulis Vahl
carissa edulis
carissa edulis var. candolleana
carissa edulis var. cornifolia
carissa edulis var. tomentosa
egyptian carissa
wild plum (carissa edulis)
Carissa spinarum
holly family
Aquifoliaceae
english holly plant
PLANTS:ILAQ80
English holly
Ilex aquifolium L.
ilex aquifolium
ilex spp.
Ilex aquifolium
mediterranean flagfin
CEC1993:383
royal flagfin
Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792)
aulopus filamentosus
Aulopus filamentosus
bittersweet family
Celastraceae
Common rangia
Rangia cuneata
anchovies
Engraulidae
Dichapetalaceae
Seville orange
bitter orange
sour orange
Citrus x aurantium
*Linaria vulgaris* (common toadflax, yellow toadflax, or butter-and-eggs) is a species of toadflax (*Linaria*). Despite its reputation as a weed, like the dandelion, this plant has also been used in folk medicine for a variety of ailments.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linaria_vulgaris]
common toadflax plant
PLANTS:LIVU2
common toadflax
Linaria vulgaris Mill.
linaria vulgaris
yellow toadflax
Linaria vulgaris
Salacia
Salacia <eudicots>
Atlantic bearded brotula
Atlantic seasnail
bearded brotula
deep water soapfish
Brotula barbata
boboInOwl croaker
Pseudotolithus elongatus
Exocarpos
Sillago
Japanese sillago
Sillago japonica
*Ampelocissus acetosa* is a species of vine. Common names include wild grape and djabaru.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampelocissus_acetosa]
2023-07-05T04:44:22Z
APNI:86229
wild grape plant
Ampelocissus acetosa (F.Muell.) Planch.
djabaru
Ampelocissus acetosa
protea family
Proteaceae
Macadamia
The Tufted Puffin (*Fratercula cirrhata*) also known as Crested Puffin, is a relatively abundant medium-sized pelagic seabird in the auk (*Alcidae*) family found throughout the North Pacific Ocean. It is one of three species of puffin that make up the *Fratercula* genus and is easily recognizable by its thick red bill and yellow tufts.
tufted puffin
WIKIPEDIA:Tufted_Puffin
Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas, 1769)
crested puffin
fratercula cirrhata
Fratercula cirrhata
northern rock sole
Lepidopsetta polyxystra
whitebait smelt
Allosmerus elongatus
Phorcus turbinatus
primrose family
Primulaceae
buckeyes
horse chestnuts
Aesculus
*Aesculus hippocastanum* is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family *Sapindaceae*. It is a large deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree, commonly known as horse-chestnut or conker tree. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_hippocastanum]
horse-chestnut plant
PLANTS:AEHI
European horse chestnut
common horse chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum L.
aesculus hippocastanum
horse chestnut
Aesculus hippocastanum
Chenopodium giganteum
heath family
Ericaceae
giant seacatfish
Netuma thalassina
Anchoviella
oriental sole
Brachirus orientalis
bombay duck
CEC1993:290
Bombay duck
Bombay duck fish
Bombay-duck
Harpadon nehereus
Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822)
Harpadon nehereus Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822
bumalo
bummalow
harpadon nehereus
Harpadon nehereus
Savalani hairtail
Lepturacanthus savala
blackspot threadfin
Polydactylus sextarius
Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as great morinda, Indian mulberry, nunaakai (Tamil Nadu, India) , dog dumpling (Barbados), mengkudu (Indonesia and Malaysia), Kumudu (Balinese), pace (Javanese), beach mulberry, cheese fruit[1] or noni (from Hawaiian) is a tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae.
indian mulberry tree
WIKIPEDIA:Morinda_citrifolia
PLANTS:MOCI3
Indian mulberry
awl tree
noni
Morinda citrifolia L.
gret morinda
hog apple
indian mulberry
morinda citrifolia
noni
rotten cheesefruit
Morinda citrifolia
northern whiting
silver sillago
Sillago sihama
Thryssa
Valamugil
Parastromateus
black pomfret
FDA.RFE.2010:49
black pomfret
Parastromateus niger
Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795)
apolectus niger
parastromateus niger
Parastromateus niger
golden pompano
snubnose pompano
Trachinotus blochii
indian threadfin
Alectis indicus
Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830)
Alectis indicus (Rüppell, 1830)
threadfin, indian
Humulus lupulus var. neomexicanus
Arnica montana
Canarium
Canarium <eudicots>
Canarium ovatum, commonly known as pili, is a species of tropical tree belonging to the genus Canarium. It is one of approximately 600 species in the family Burseraceae. Pili are native to maritime Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, and Northern Australia. They are commercially cultivated in the Philippines for their edible nuts.
Damion Dooley
pili tree
WIKIPEDIA:Canarium_ovatum
PLANTS:CAOV7
canarium ovatum
pili nut tree
Canarium ovatum Engl.
Canarium ovatum Engler
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pili fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PILI TREE [B1289]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Canarium ovatum
swamp eels and others
Synbranchiformes
rice field eels
swamp eels
Synbranchidae
A commercially important, air-breathing species of fish in the Synbranchidae family. Originating in the waters of East and Southeast Asia, it has been identified as an invasive species in the North American Everglades.
asian swamp eel
swamp eel
Monopterus albus
rice eel
rice-field eel
swamp eel
white ricefield eel
Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793)
Monopterus albus
mahogany family
Meliaceae
Acronychia
*Quassia amara* is a species in the genus *Quassia*, with some botanists treating it as the sole species in the genus. It is famous and used for the bitterwood or quassia, its heartwood, used as a febrifuge; this contains quassin, a bitter-tasting substance (it is, in fact, the bitterest substance found in nature). Extracts of *Q. amara* bark containing quassinoids are used as insecticides, being particularly useful against aphids on crop plants. It is also used to flavor aperitifs and bitters which are added to cocktails.
bitterwood plant
WIKIPEDIA:Bitterwood
PLANTS:QUAM
quassia
Quassia amara L.
mafourere
quassia amara
quassia-wood
surinam quassia
Quassia amara
Schizophora
Calyptratae
Oestroidea
*Limnophila aromatica* (synonym: *Limnophila chinensis* var. *aromatica*; also called rice paddy herb) is a tropical flowering plant in the plantain family, *Plantaginaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica]
rice paddy herb plant
PLANTS:LIAR11
Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr.
Limnophila aromatica Merrill
limnophila
Limnophila aromatica
Schinus
Peruvian Pepper (*Schinus molle*, also known as American pepper, Peruvian peppertree, escobilla, false pepper, molle del Peru, pepper tree, peppercorn tree, Californian pepper tree, pirul and Peruvian mastic) is an evergreen tree that grows to 15 meters (50 feet). It is native to the Peruvian Andes. The bright pink fruits of Schinus molle are often sold as "pink peppercorns" although S. molle is unrelated to true pepper (Piper nigrum).
Although not related to commercial pepper (*Piper nigrum*) the pink/red berries, like the berries of its close relative the Brazilian pepper (*Schinus terebinthifolius*), are sold as pink peppercorns and often blended with commercial pepper.
peruvian peppertree
WIKIPEDIA:Schinus_molle
PLANTS:SCMO
Schinus molle L.
schinus molle
Schinus molle
Spondias
jewish plum plant
PLANTS:SPDU3
Otaheite-apple
Polynesian-plum
ambarella
golden-apple
wi-tree
yellow plum
Spondias dulcis Parkinson
Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson
spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis
creosote-bush family
Zygophyllaceae
2023-06-20T19:25:02Z
cape mahogany
mafura tree
Trichilia emetica
Guarea
water-lily family
Nymphaeaceae
southern pink shrimp
CEC1993:1211
Farfantepenaeus notialis (Pérez Farfante, 1967)
Penaeus notialis Perez Farfante, 1967
farfantepenaeus notialis
penaeus notialis
Penaeus notialis
Seeds of prickly water-lily frequently cultivated in India and China. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euryale_ferox]
euryale plant
MANSFELD:11779
PLANTS:EUFE6
Euryale ferox Salisb.
euryale ferox
fox nut
gorgon nut
Euryale ferox
water-lilies
Nymphaea
European argentine
argentine
Argentina sphyraena
lotus family
Nelumbonaceae
lotus plant
PLANTS:NENU2
Indian lotus
Indian lotus
Nelumbo nucifera
padma
sacred lotus
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera
rusty jobfish
Aphareus rutilans
red tailed tinfoil
Barbonymus altus
redbait
Emmelichthys nitidus
deep-water red snapper
ruby snapper
Etelis carbunculus
leadwort family
Plumbaginaceae
sky emperor
Lethrinus mahsena
fork-tail threadfin bream
Nemipterus furcosus
blue cod
CEC1993:855
New Zealand blue cod
blue cod
Parapercis colias
Parapercis colias (Bloch and Schneider, 1801 )
Parapercis colias (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Parapercis colias (Forster, 1801)
australian cod
new zealand cod
parapercis colias
Parapercis colias
purple-spotted bigeye
Priacanthus tayenus
lavender jobfish
Pristipomoides sieboldii
skipjack trevally
skipjack trevally
Pseudocaranx wrighti (Whitley, 1931)
pseudocaranx wrighti
Pseudocaranx wrighti
night smelt
Spirinchus starksi
Aldrichetta
yelloweye mullet
yellow-eye mullet
Aldrichetta forsteri
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836)
Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836)
aldrichetta forsteri
Aldrichetta forsteri
Silver perch (*Bidyanus bidyanus*) is a medium sized freshwater fish endemic to the Murray-Darling river system in south-eastern Australia. The scientific name comes from an aboriginal name for the species recorded by Major Mitchell on his 1832 expedition. It is not a perch, being a grunter in the family *Terapontidae*. It is the largest of the Australian grunters, capable of growing to 40 cm and 8 kg, more usually around 30 cm and up to 1.5 kg.
silver perch
WIKIPEDIA:Bidyanus_bidyanus
Bidyan perch
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838)
Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell, 1838
bidyan perch
bidyanus bidyanus
Bidyanus bidyanus
The rock cod (Lotella rhacina) is a temperate fish found off the coasts of southeastern Australia, Tasmania, the Great Australian Bight and northwards up the southwestern Australia coasts. They are also found around the coasts of New Zealand and California.
rock cod
beardie
lotella rhacina
pacific rockfish
physiculus barbatus
rock cod
Lotella rhacina
Lotella rhacina (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Lotella rhacina
brazilian duckbill
Percophis brasiliensis
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard 1825
Percophis brasiliensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
percophis brasiliensis
Percophis brasiliensis
Pseudophycis
red cod
red codling
Pseudophycis bachus
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster 1801)
Pseudophycis bachus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
physiculus bachus
pseudophycis bachus
Pseudophycis bachus
Rhombosolea
greenback flounder
Rhombosolea tapirina
Xenobrama microlepis
Beta vulgaris subsp. adanensis
tea plant
MANSFELD:4999
PLANTS:CASI16
black tea
Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
camellia sinensis
camellia thea
thea sinensis
Camellia sinensis
monocots
monocotyledons
Liliopsida
northern australian snapping turtle
Elseya dentata (Gray, 1863)
elseya dentata
Elseya dentata
Pleoticus
argentine red shrimp
CEC1993:1243
Argentine red shrim
Pleoticus muelleri
Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888)
pleoticus muelleri
Pleoticus muelleri
crystal shrimp
CEC:1201
crystal shrimp
Farfantepenaeus brevirostris (Kingsley, 1878)
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley 1878
Penaeus brevirostris Kingsley, 1878
penaeus brevirostris
Penaeus brevirostris
deep-water rose shrimp
FAO Species fact sheet [http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2598].
CEC 1993 :1199
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas 1846)
Parapenaeus longirostris (Lucas, 1846)
deepwater rose shrimp
gamba
neopenaeopsis paradoxus
parapenaeus longirostris
parapenaeus paradoxus
penaeopsis paradoxus
penaeus bocagei
penaeus cocco
penaeus longirostris
Parapenaeus longirostris
kolibri shrimp
Solenocera agassizii
Japanese threadfin bream
Nemipterus japonicus
mauvelip threadfin bream
Nemipterus mesoprion
Indian pellona
Pellona ditchela
greater lizardfish
greater lizardfish
Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
saurida tumbil
Saurida tumbil
pickhandle barracuda
CEC1993:526
pickhandle barracuda
Sphyraena jello
Sphyraena jello Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829
giant sea pike
sphyraena jello
Sphyraena jello
Indian threadfin
Leptomelanosoma indicum
arum family
Araceae
American ginseng (*Panax quinquefolius*) is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as Chinese or herbal medicine. An extract is sold as Cold-fX. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in places such as China.
american ginseng plant
WIKIPEDIA:American_ginseng
PLANTS:PAQU
Panax quinquefolius L.
panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius
Arca
Arca noae
Pterioida
pen shells
Pinnidae
cocoyam
dasheen
eddo
elephant's ear
kalo
malanga
taro
Colocasia esculenta
Verpa bohemica
Gyromitra montana
*Malva verticillata*, also known as the Chinese mallow or cluster mallow, is a species of the mallow genus *Malva* in the family of *Malvaceae* found in East Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva_verticillata]
cluster mallow plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:MAVE
MaMalva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica Ilj. and M. sylvestris L.
Malva verticillata L.
chinese mallow
malva verticillata
Malva verticillata
Atlantic argentine
greater argentine
Argentina silus
japanese ginseng plant
Japanese ginseng
chikusetu-ninjin
satsuma-ninjin
tochiba-ninjin
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C. A. Mey.
Panax japonicus (T. Nees) C.A. Mey.
Panax japonicus C.A.Mey
panax japonicus
Panax japonicus
grass family
Poaceae
Japanese meagre
dusky kob
dusky meagre
kingfish
mulloway
Argyrosomus japonicus
Gnetum africanum
Boreogadus saida
A species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals).
common oat plant
MANSFELD:33218
PLANTS:AVSA
cultivated oat
cultivated oats
oat plant
oats
Avena sativa L.
avena sativa
Avena sativa
golden threadfin bream
Nemipterus virgatus
Job's Tears, Coixseed, adlay, or adlai, is a tall grain-bearing tropical plant of the family *Poaceae* (grass family) native to East Asia and peninsular Malaysia but elsewhere cultivated in gardens as an annual. The variety *Coix lacryma-jobi* var. *ma-yuen* is harvested as a cereal crop and is used medicinally in parts of Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%27s_tears]
job's tears plant
MANSFELD:36435
PLANTS:COLA
Job's tears
Coix lacryma-jobi L.
coix lacryma-jobi
Coix lacryma-jobi
*Eleusine coracana*, including African finger millet and caracan millet (koracan), is an annual plant widely grown as a cereal in the arid areas of Africa and Asia. E. coracana is native to the Ethiopian Highlands. It is very adaptable to higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to 2,300 metres in elevation.
PLANTS:ELCO3
finger millet
Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.
Eleusine coracana
MANSFELD:37920
PLANTS:HOVU
barley
Hordeum vulgare L.
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare
hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare
Hordeum vulgare
sea-grape plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:COUV
kino
platter-leaf
shore grape
Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.
Coccoloba uvifera Jacq.
coccoloba uvifera
jamaican kino
platterleaf
Coccoloba uvifera
*Mitchella repens* (partridge berry or squaw vine) is the best known plant in the genus *Mitchella*. It is a creeping prostrate herbaceous woody shrub occurring in North America belonging to the madder family (Rubiaceae). The scarlet berries are edible but rather tasteless, with a faint flavour of wintergreen, resembling cranberries (to which they are not closely related). They are often confused with the Newfoundland "partridgeberry" which is actually a relative of the lingonberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchella_repens]
partridge berry plant
PLANTS:MIRE
partridgeberry
Mitchella repens L.
mitchella repens
squawvine
Mitchella repens
Dikarya
bank sea bass
Centropristis ocyurus
rock sea bass
Centropristis philadelphica
Gobius
Agaricomycetidae
Russulales
*Origanum onites*, the Cretan oregano, Turkish oregano, pot marjoram, is a plant species in the genus Origanum found in Sicily, Greece and Turkey. It has similar flavors as oregano. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum_onites]
pot marjoram plant
PLANTS:ORON2
origanum heracleoticum
origanum onites
pot marjoram
turkish oregano
Origanum onites L.
Origanum onites
Oryza
Asian cultivated rice
asian rice
red rice
rice
Oryza sativa
new zealand spinach plant
MANSFELD:23031
PLANTS:TETE3
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) Kuntze
Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze
new zealand spinach
tetragonia expansa
tetragonia tetragonoides
Tetragonia tetragonoides
Morone hybrid
white bass x striped sea-bass
Morone chrysops x Morone saxatilis
A domesticated rice species commonly known as African rice.
african rice plant
PLANTS:ORGL2
African rice
Oryza glaberrima Steud.
Oryza glaberrima Steudel
red rice
It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa, and was brought to the Americas by enslaved West African rice farmers. It is now largely a subsistence crop, rarely sold in markets even in West Africa. While it has been partly replaced by higher-yielding Asian rice, and the number of varieties grown is declining, it persists, making up an estimated 20% of rice grown in West Africa.
In comparison to Asian rice, it is hardy, pest-resistant, low-labour, suited to a variety of African conditions, filling, and has a distinct nutty flavour.
Crossbreeding between African and Asian rice is difficult, but there exist some crosses.
Oryza glaberrima
Batrachoidinae
panicgrasses
Panicum
common millet plant
MANSFELD:34757
PLANTS:PAMI2
broom millet
common millet
proso millet
Panicum miliaceum L.
panicum miliaceum
proso millet
Panicum miliaceum
white sardine
Escualosa thoracata
black wing flyingfish
Hirundichthys rondeletii
white pomfret
Pampus cinereus
Pampus cinereus (Bloch, 1795)
pampus cinereus
stromateus cinereus
Pampus cinereus
caribbean red snapper
CEC1993:683
FDA.RFE.2010:33
Carribean red snapper
southern red snapper
Lutjanus purpureus
Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866)
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867
Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1876
lutjanus purpureus
Lutjanus purpureus
pearl millet plant
PLANTS:PEGL2
bulrush millet
cattail millet
pearl millet
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.
bulrush millet
indian millet (pennisetum)
pennisetum glaucum
Cenchrus americanus
noble cane
sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
common rye plant
MANSFELD:33999
PLANTS:SECE
rye
Secale cereale L.
Secale cereale subsp. cereale
rye, common
secale cereale
Secale cereale
Okra (*Abelmoschus esculentus* Moench, known in many English-speaking countries as lady's fingers or gumbo) is a flowering plant in the mallow family. It is valued for its edible green seed pods. The geographical origin of okra is disputed, with supporters of South Asian, Ethiopian and West African origins. The plant is cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions around the world.
okra plant
WIKIPEDIA:Abelmoschus_esculentus
PLANTS:ABES
gumbo
kacang bendi
lady's fingers
lady's-fingers
okra
quiabo
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
abelmoschus esculentus
gombo
gumbo
hibiscus esculentus
lady's finger
Abelmoschus esculentus
Hippoglossina
spotted rose snapper
spotted rose snapper
Lutjanus guttatus
Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner, 1869)
lutjanus guttatus
snapper, spotted rose
Lutjanus guttatus
foxtail millet
Setaria italica
Sorghum
A grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions.
2021-02-11T22:01:08Z
MANSFELD:35798
PLANTS:SOBI2
broomcorn
brown egyptian corn
guinea corn
indian millet
milo
red guinea corn
sorghum
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
gooseneck sorgho
kaffir
kafir
milo
Brown durra is nearly identical with White durra except in having brown kernels with a nucellar layer present and in having awnless lemmas. Brown durra never became as poular as the white-seeded variety, owing to the bitterness of the seed. Synonym - Brown Egyptian corn. [Common Sorghum Varieties, Technical Bulletin 506, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture]
Sorghum bicolor
The pool frog is a European frog. It is one of only four amphibian species recognized by the UK government as protected under its Biodiversity Action Plan.
pool frog
edible frog
pool frog
Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882)
Rana lessonae Camerano 1882
Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882
pelophylax lessonae
rana lessonae
Pelophylax lessonae
tiger shovelnose catfish
Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum
Triticum
Canadian hard winter wheat
bread wheat
common wheat
wheat
Triticum aestivum
Anseranatidae
Durum wheat, also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum),[4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production.
durum wheat plant
MANSFELD:34092
PLANTS:TRDU3
durum wheat
Triticum durum Desf.
Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.
macaroni wheat
pasta wheat
triticum durum
triticum ispahanicum ssp. durum
triticum turgidum var. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0381-3
Einkorn wheat (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer either to the wild species of wheat, *Triticum boeoticum* (the spelling baeoticum is also common), or to the domesticated form, *Triticum monococcum*. The wild and domesticated forms are either considered separate species, as here, or as subspecies of *T. monococcum*. Einkorn is a diploid species of hulled wheat, with tough glumes ('husks') that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger.
einkorn plant
WIKIPEDIA:Einkorn
PLANTS:TRMO22
einkorn wheat
one-grained wheat
small spelt
Triticum monococcum L.
Triticum monococcum
English wheat
cone wheat
poulard wheat
rivet wheat
Triticum turgidum
Gongota loach
Canthophrys gongota
maize
FoodOn Note: the NCBITaxon exact synonym "maize" is more appropriate for "Zea mays subsp. mays"
Zea mays
Tagelus californianus
bamboos
Bambusa
Solanum dulcamara is a species of vine in the potato genus *Solanum*, family *Solanaceae*. It is native to Europe and Asia, and widely naturalised elsewhere, including North America, where it is an invasive problem weed.
european bittersweet plant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_dulcamara
PLANTS:SODU
climbing nightshade
Solanum dulcamara L.
amara dulcis
bitter nightshade
bittersweet
bittersweet nightshade
blue bindweed
climbing nightshade
fellenwort
felonwood
poisonberry
poisonflower
scarlet berry
snakeberry
solanum dulcamara
trailing bittersweet
trailing nightshade
violet bloom
woody nightshade
Solanum dulcamara
*Psoralea esculenta* (prairie turnip) is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as *Pediomelum esculenta*. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians.
Damion Dooley
prairie turnip plant
WIKIPEDIA:Prairie_Turnip
PLANTS:PEES
breadroot
pediomelum esculentum
prairie turnip
prairie-turnip
psoralea esculenta
Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydb.
Pediomelum esculentum
tamarillo
tree-tomato
Solanum betaceum
argentine sea bass
CEC1993:560
Argentine seabass
Acanthistius brasilianus
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier, 1828)
acanthistius brasilianus
sea bass, argentine
Acanthistius brasilianus
banded whiptail
Coelorinchus fasciatus
river anchoita
CEC1993:219
Atlantic sabretooth anchovy
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829)
lycengraulis grossidens
Lycengraulis grossidens
southern eagle ray
Myliobatis goodei
argentine queenfish
parona leatherjacket
Parona signata
Parona signata (Jenyns 1841)
Parona signata (Jenyns, 1841)
parona signata
Parona signata
Pinguipes
Pseudopercis
Pseudopercis semifasciata
Salilota australis
silver warehou
choicy ruff
cojinoba
cojinoba del norte
cojinova
cojinova savorin
Seriolella porosa Guichenot, 1848
seriolella porosa
Seriolella porosa
Stromateus brasiliensis
Gulf hake
Urophycis cirrata
Empetrum
sin croaker
Johnius dussumieri
Otolithoides biauritus
Corbicula
asian clam
asian clam
Corbicula fluminea (Muller 1774)
Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)
corbicula fluminea
Corbicula fluminea
tiger sorubim
Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum
sedge family
Cyperaceae
Cyperus
Salicornia
Callicarpa acuminata
dwarf goatfish
Upeneus parvus
bromeliad family
Bromeliaceae
springbeauties
Claytonia
winter-purslane plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:CLPE
claytonia perfoliata
cuban-spinach
miner's lettuce
miner's-lettuce
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.
Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.; Montia perfoliata Howell
Claytonia perfoliata
Portulaca oleracea
Old World silversides
Atherinopsidae
pineapple plant
MANSFELD:25228
PLANTS:ANCO30
pineapple
Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.
ananas comosus
piña
Ananas comosus
charal
Chirostoma jordani
Zingiberales
prayer-plant family
Marantaceae
white bass
CEC1993:589
white bass
Morone chrysops
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque 1820)
Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820)
bass, white
morone chrysops
Morone chrysops
white perch
CEC1993:588
white perch
Morone americana
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789)
morone americana
Morone americana
yellow bass
Morone mississippiensis
*Galium verum* (lady's bedstraw or yellow bedstraw) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family *Rubiaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galium_verum]
yellow bedstraw plant
PLANTS:GAVE
Galium verum L.
galium verum
lady's bedstraw
Galium verum
Leukoma
pacific littleneck clam
Protothaca staminea
Protothaca staminea (Conrad, 1837)
native littleneck
protothaca staminea
steamer
Leukoma staminea
Costaceae
Costus
Eriophorum
Gahnia
Atlantic tripletail
Lobotes surinamensis
paradise threadfin
Polynemus paradiseus
banana family
Musaceae
Ensete
*Ensete ventricosum*, commonly known as the Ethiopian banana, Abyssinian banana, false banana, or ensete, is an herbaceous species of flowering plant in the banana family Musaceae.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensete_ventricosum]
red banana plant (Ensete ventricosum)
PLANTS:ENVE2
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheeseman
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman
abyssinian banana
ensete
ensete ventricosum
false banana
red banana
red-skinned banana
Ensete ventricosum
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002793
Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce.
banana plant
WIKIPEDIA:Banana
2021-03-19T03:27:12Z
PLANTS:MUSA2
Musa
Musa L.
Musa sp.
musa spp.
Musa
dwarf banana plant
MANSFELD:12410
PLANTS:MUAC
banana
dessert bananas
dwarf banana
sweet banana
Musa acuminata Colla
chinese banana
ladyfinger banana
musa acuminata, var. dwarf cavendish
musa cavendishii
musa chinensis
musa nana
Musa acuminata
ginger family
Zingiberaceae
Aerodramus
The Edible-nest Swiftlet (*Aerodramus fuciphagus*) is a small bird of the swift family which is found in South-east Asia. Its nest is made of solidified saliva and is used to make bird's nest soup.
edible-nest swiftlet
WIKIPEDIA:Collocalia_fuciphaga
edible-nest swiftlet
Aerodramus fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812)
aerodramus fuciphagus
collocalia fuciphaga
Aerodramus fuciphagus
Collocalia
Zingiber
bull shark
Carcharhinus leucas
spotfin butterflyfish
Chaetodon ocellatus
Perdicinae
grouses
Tetraoninae
moray eels
Muraenidae
Muraena
curled lettuce
leaf lettuce
Lactuca sativa var. crispa
Mediterranean moray
Muraena helena
Liliales
amaryllis family
Amaryllidaceae
mooneye
Hiodon tergisus
yam family
Dioscoreaceae
yam, tropical (plant)
MANSFELD:18574
Dioscorea species
dioscorea alata
greater yam
guyana arrowroot
water yam
Dioscorea
Hypoxidaceae
Curculigo
lily family
Liliaceae
Allium
PLANTS:ALCE
onion
Allium cepa L.
pickling onion
allium cepa
Allium cepa
A wild plant and member of the onion genus *Allium*. Its native range is southern Europe to western Asia, but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.
Damion Dooley
2019-08-24T22:43:54Z
PLANTS:ALAM
allium ampeloprasum
leek
levant garlic
Allium ampeloprasum L.
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum L., var. kurrat Schweinf. ex Krause
Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum L.
allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum
wild leek
Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into five cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic, pearl onion, kurrat, and Persian leek.
Allium ampeloprasum
Garlic (*Allium sativum*) is a species in the onion genus, *Allium*.Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. Garlic is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a common seasoning worldwide, with a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic]
garlic plant
MANSFELD:212
PLANTS:ALSA2
garlic
Allium sativum L.
allium sativum
Allium sativum
Allium tuberosum
*Allium ursinum* - known as ramsons, buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, bear leek, or bear's garlic - is a wild relative of chives native to Europe and Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_ursinum]
ramsons plant
PLANTS:ALUR
ramson
wild garlic
Allium ursinum L.
allium ursinum
bear garlic
buckrams
Allium ursinum
Asparagus
garden asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Alabama shad
Alosa alabamae
hickory shad
CEC1993:156
hickory shad
Alosa mediocris
Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814)
alosa mediocris
Alosa mediocris
Portunus reticulatus
Portunus segnis
*Melilotus officinalis*, known as the yellow sweet clover, yellow melilot, ribbed melilot or common melilot is a species of legume native to Eurasia and introduced in North America, Africa and Australia.
sweet clover plant
WIKIPEDIA:Melilotus_officinalis
PLANTS:MEOF
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
Melilotus officinalis Lam.
melilot
melilotus officinalis
yellow sweet clover
Melilotus officinalis
Palmae
palm family
palms
Arecaceae
Galega officinalis, commonly known as galega, goat's-rue, French lilac, Italian fitch, or professor-weed, is an herbaceous plant in the Faboideae subfamily. The plant has been extensively cultivated as a forage crop, an ornamental, a bee plant, and as green manure. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galega_officinalis]
goat's-rue plant
PLANTS:GAOF
goat's rue
Galega officinalis L.
galega officinalis
professor-weed
Galega officinalis
A flightless rail and one of twelve species of birds endemic to the Australian island of Tasmania.
tasmanian nativehen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_nativehen
Tasmanian native hen
Tasmanian native-hen
Tribonyx mortierii
Gallinula mortierii (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1840)
gallinula mortierii
Tribonyx mortierii
Tetraodon
*Nypa fruticans*, commonly known as the nipa palm (or simply nipa) or mangrove palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nypa_fruticans]
nipa palm plant
PLANTS:NYFR2
nipa palm
nypa palm
Nypa fruticans Wurmb
nipa
nypa fruticans
Nypa fruticans
Phoenix
senegal date palm plant
PLANTS:PHRE
Senegal date palm
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.
phoenix
phoenix reclinata
Phoenix reclinata
saw palmetto plant
PLANTS:SERE2
saw palmetto
Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small
Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small
Serenoa repens (W. Bartram) Small
serenoa repens
Serenoa repens
Vaccinium angustifolium, commonly known as the wild lowbush blueberry, is a species of blueberry native to eastern and central Canada (from Manitoba to Newfoundland) and the northeastern United States, growing as far south as the Great Smoky Mountains and west to the Great Lakes region.
lowbush blueberry plant
MANSFELD:18251
PLANTS:VAAN
lowbush blueberry
lowbush blueberry
sugar berry
sweet lowbush blueberry
vaccinium angustifolium
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton
Vaccinium angustifolium
screw-pine family
Pandanaceae
*Allium canadense*, also known as Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion is a perennial plant native to eastern North America from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba. *Allium canadense* has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers and tastes like an onion. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_canadense]
canadian onion plant
PLANTS:ALCA3
Allium canadense L.
allium canadense
canada onion
wild garlic
wild onion
Allium canadense
screw pines
Pandanus
blackfin goosefish
Lophius gastrophysus
Neogobius
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a euryhaline bottom-dwelling goby of the family Gobiidae, native to central Eurasia including the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Round gobies have established large non-native populations in the Baltic Sea, several major Eurasian rivers, and the North American Great Lakes.
round goby
Black spotted goby
Caspian round goby
Ginger goby
round goby
Neogobius melanostomus
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814)
Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)
Neogobius melanostomus
Proterorhinus
bur-reed family
cattail famly
Typhaceae
tubenose goby
CEC1993:1049
tubenose goby
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1811)
Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814)
Proterorhinus marmoratus
Typha
*Typha latifolia* (bulrush, common bulrush, broadleaf cattail, common cattail, great reedmace, cooper's reed, cumbungi) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus *Typha*. It is found as a native plant species in North and South America, Europe, Eurasia, and Africa.
common cattail plant
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_latifolia
PLANTS:TYLA
common cattail
Typha latifolia L.
broadleaf cattail
bulrush
common bulrush
typha latifolia
Typha latifolia
rough-head grenadier
CEC1993:491
onion-eye grenadier
Macrourus berglax Lacepède 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacepède, 1801
Macrourus berglax Lacépède, 1801
macrourus berglax
Macrourus berglax
blue antimora
blue hake
flatnose codling
long-finned cod
violet cod
Antimora rostrata
commelinids
giant moray
Gymnothorax javanicus
spiderwort family
Commelinaceae
orchid family
Orchidaceae
Fungi
gold-striped snapper
bigeye snapper
Lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
lutjanus lutjanus
Lutjanus lutjanus
Unionidae
rosemallows
Hibiscus
pacific sand lance
CEC1993:923
Pacific sand lance
Ammodytes hexapterus
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1811
Ammodytes hexapterus Pallas, 1814
ammodytes hexapteru
Ammodytes hexapterus
Arctic rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax dentex
Atlantic rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax mordax
Holocentridae
soldierfishes
Myripristinae
Myripristis
blotcheye soldierfish
Myripristis berndti
squirrelfishes
Holocentrinae
Sargocentron
speckled squirrelfish
Sargocentron punctatissimum
sabre squirrelfish
Sargocentron spiniferum
Lyophyllum
Lyophyllum shimeji
swollenhead conger eel
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.441. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
swollen-headed conger eel
Bassanago bulbiceps Whitley, 1948
bassanago bulbiceps
pseudoxenamystax bulbiceps
Bassanago bulbiceps
Adrianichthyidae
*Eryngium foetidum* is a tropical perennial herb in the family Apiaceae. Its scientific Latin name literally translates as "foul-smelling thistle". Common names include culantro, "shado beni", Mexican coriander and long coriander. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum]
spiritweed plant
PLANTS:ERFO5
culantro
false coriander
Eryngium foetidum L.
culantro
eryngium foetidum
false coriander
Eryngium foetidum
2023-07-05T05:25:33Z
Vitex doniana Sweet
Vitex doniana
blue tilapia
blue tilapia
Oreochromis aureus
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864)
oreochromis aureus
tilapia aurea
tilapia, blue
Oreochromis aureus
unicorn filefish
unicorn leatherjacket
Aluterus monoceros
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)
aluterus monoceros
andora
Aluterus monoceros
Bering wolffish
Anarhichas orientalis
humpback whitefish
CEC1993:237
humpback whitefish
Coregonus pidschian
Coregonus pidschian (Gmelin, 1789)
Coregonus pidschianoides (Pravdin)
arctic whitefish
coregonus pidschian
Coregonus pidschian
african fan palm plant
PLANTS:BOAE
Borassus aethiopum C. Martius
Borassus aethiopum Mart.
borassus aethiopum
palmyra palm
Borassus aethiopum
Foeniculum
MANSFELD:1559
PLANTS:FOVU
Foeniculum vulgare P. Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Batt.
Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce (Mill.) Battand. & Trabut
foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare var. dulce
roman fennel
sweet fennel plant
Lovage, *Levisticum officinale*, is a tall perennial plant, the sole species in the genus Levisticum in the family *Apiaceae*, subfamily *Apioideae*. The leaves can be used in salads, or to make soup or season broths, and the roots can be eaten as a vegetable or grated for use in salads. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovage]
lovage plant
MANSFELD:1731
PLANTS:LEOF
lovage
Levisticum officinale W. D. J. Koch
Levisticum officinale W. Koch
Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch
garden lovage
levisticum officinale
Levisticum officinale
*Caryocar brasiliense*, known as Pequi or "souari nut", like its congeners, is an edible fruit popular in some areas of Brazil, especially in Brazil's center-west region.
pequi plant
WIKIPEDIA:Caryocar_brasiliense
PLANTS:CABR36
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.
caryocar brasiliense
souari nut
Caryocar brasiliense
Centella asiatica, commonly centella, is a small, herbaceous, annual plant of the family Mackinlayaceae or subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceae, and is native to India, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Melanesia, Papua New Guinea, and other parts of Asia.[1] It is used as a medicinal herb in Ayurvedic medicine, traditional African medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine. Botanical synonyms include *Hydrocotyle asiatica* L. and *Trisanthus cochinchinensis* (Lour.).
asiatic pennywort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Centella_asiatica
PLANTS:CEAS
Asiatic pennywort
gotu kola
ji xue cao
sheep-rot
thankuni
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
centella asiatica
hydrocotyle
hydrocotyle asiatica
indian pennywort
spadeleaf
Centella asiatica
ice krill
ice krill
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt & Tattersall, 1906
Euphausia crystallorophias Holt and Tattersall, 1906
euphausia crystallorophias
Euphausia crystallorophias
northern krill
Euphausia vallentini Stebbing, 1900
euphausia vallentini
Euphausia vallentini
norwegian krill
CEC1993:1192
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857)
Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Sars, 1857)
meganyctiphanes norvegica
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
blackfin tuna
CEC1993:998
blackfin tuna
Thunnus atlanticus
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1830)
Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831)
thunnus atlanticus
Thunnus atlanticus
longtail tuna
CEC1993:1003
longtail tuna
northern bluefin tuna
Thunnus tonggol
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851)
Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, I851)
neothunnus rarus
northern bluefin tuna
thunnus tonggol
Thunnus tonggol
flathead grey mullet
CEC1993:537
Formosan gray mullet
Formosan grey mullet
flathead mullet
Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
mugil cephalus
striped mullet
Mugil cephalus
white mullet
redeye mullet
silver mullet
white mullet
Mugil curema
Mugil curema Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836
Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836
blueback mullet
mugil curema
mullet, white
Mugil curema
fantail mullet
whirligig mullet
Mugil gyrans
northern puffer
CEC1993:1171
FDA.RFE.2010:84
Sphoeroides maculatus
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
sea squab
sphoeroides maculatus
Sphoeroides maculatus
pigfish
CEC1993:699
pigfish
Orthopristis chrysoptera
Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)
orthopristis chrysoptera
Orthopristis chrysoptera
waiwai
yellow strawberry guava
Psidium cattleyanum var. littorale
warty crab
Eriphia verrucosa (Forskal, 1775)
Eriphia verrucosa (Forsskål, 1775)
eriphia verrucosa
Eriphia verrucosa
Ensis macha
Rubus idaeus x Rubus ursinus
Rubus loganobaccus
boysenberry
loganberry
Rubus x loganobaccus
american crocodile
American crocodile
Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807)
Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807
central-american alligator
crocodylus acutus
Crocodylus acutus
Zoarces
eelpout
viviparous blenny
Zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus
siberian roe deer
MSW3:14200222
Eastern roe deer
Capreolus pygargus (Pallas, 1771)
Capreolus pygargus Pallas, 1771
capreolus pygargus
eastern roe
Capreolus pygargus
roach (fish)
CEC1993:354
roach minnow
Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758)
rutilus rutilus
Rutilus rutilus
*Ascomycota* is a Division/Phylum of the kingdom *Fungi* that, together with the *Basidiomycota*, form the subkingdom *Dikarya*. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi. They are the largest phylum of *Fungi*, with over 64,000 species.
The *ascomycetes* are a monophyletic group, i.e., all of its members trace back to one common ancestor. This group is of particular relevance to humans as sources for medicinally important compounds, such as antibiotics and for making bread, alcoholic beverages, and cheese, but also as pathogens of humans and plants. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewer's yeast and baker's yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi.
WIKIPEDIA:Ascomycota
2023-12-18T10:13:35Z
ascomycetes
sac fungi
ascomycete
ascomycota
ascomycotina
ascos
dematiaceae
plectascales
protascales
sac fungi
Ascomycota
Siliqua
sharpsnout seabream
Diplodus puntazzo
*Tordylium apulum*, commonly known as the Mediterranean Hartwort, is an annual forb or herb. It is classified within the family *Apiaceae*, the carrot family. It is located in a range from Europe to west Asia, but was introduced to the United States. It is now found only in Arizona. The hartwort does have edible leaves. In Italy it is used as a condiment.
hartwort plant
WIKIPEDIA:Tordylium_apulum
Tordylium apulum L.
Tordylium maximum L.
tordylium apulum
tordylium maximum
Tordylium apulum
margined flyingfish
Cheilopogon cyanopterus
porkfish
CEC1993:694
porkfish
Anisotremus virginicus
Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
anisostremus virginicus
Anisotremus virginicus
grey tilefish
Caulolatilus microps
stocky hawkfish
Cirrhitus pinnulatus
yellowlip emperor
Lethrinus xanthochilus
biglip grunt
CEC1993:701
biglip grunt
Plectorhinchus macrolepis (Boulenger, 1899)
plectorhincus macrolepis
Plectorhinchus macrolepis
king threadfin
king threadfin
Polydactylus macrochir (Günther, 1867)
king salmon
king threadfin salmon
polydactylus macrochir
polydactylus sheridani
threadfin salmon
Polydactylus macrochir
bigeye grunt
CEC1993:695
bigeye grunt
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Brachydeuterus auritus (Valenciennes, 1831)
brachydeuterus auritus
Brachydeuterus auritus
Monotaxinae
Paradicichthyinae
southern flounders
Rhombosoleidae
andaman lobster
CEC1993:1305
Andaman lobster
Metanephrops andamanicus (Wood-Mason, 1891)
metanephrops andamanicus
southern langoustine
Metanephrops andamanicus
arafura lobster
Arafura lobster
Metanephrops arafurensis (De Man, 1905)
metanephrops arafurensis
Metanephrops arafurensis
northwest lobster
northwest lobster
Metanephrops australiensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops australiensis
Metanephrops australiensis
caribbean lobster
Caribbean lobsterette
Metanephrops binghami
Metanephrops binghami (Boone, 1927)
carribean lobsterette
metanephrops binghami
Metanephrops binghami
bight lobster
bight lobster
Metanephrops boschmai (Holthuis, 1964)
metanephrops boschmai
Metanephrops boschmai
new zealand lobster
New Zealand lobster
Metanephrops challengeri
Metanephrops challengeri (Balss, 1914)
Metanephrops challengeri (Blass, 1914)
metanephrops challengeri
Metanephrops challengeri
formosa lobster
Formosa lobster
Metanephrops formosanus Chan & Yu 1987
Metanephrops formosanus Chan and Yu, 1987
metanephrops formosanus
Metanephrops formosanus
japanese lobster
Japanese lobster
Metanephrops japonicus (Tapparone-Canefri, 1873)
metanephrops japonicus
Metanephrops japonicus
neptune lobster
Neptune lobster
Metanephrops neptunus (Bruce, 1965)
metanephrops neptunus
Metanephrops neptunus
sculpted lobster
sculpted lobster
Metanephrops sagamiensis (Parisi, 1917)
metanephrops sagamiensis
okinawa sculptured lobster
Metanephrops sagamiensis
siboga lobster
Siboga lobster
Metanephrops sibogae (De Man, 1916)
metanephrops sibogae
Metanephrops sibogae
china lobster
China lobster
Metanephrops sinensis (Bruce, 1966)
metanephrops sinensis
Metanephrops sinensis
velvet lobster
velvet lobster
Metanephrops velutinus Chan & Yu 1991
Metanephrops velutinus Chan and Yu, 1991
metanephrops velutinus
Metanephrops velutinus
common shrimp
CEC1993:1237
Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758)
brown shrimp
crangon crangon
crangon vulgaris
Crangon crangon
crystal-tea
marsh-tea
wild rosemary
Rhododendron tomentosum
Atrina
Atrina pectinata
amberstripe scad
Decapterus muroadsi
small scaled brown slickhead
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.455. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
small scaled brown slickhead
Alepocephalus australis Barnard 1923
Alepocephalus australis Barnard, 1923
alepocephalus australis
Alepocephalus australis
Xenodermichthys
Clitocybe nuda
*Salvia hispanica*, commonly known as chia, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, *Lamiaceae*, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. Chia is grown commercially for its seed, a food that is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Chia seeds are typically small ovals with a diameter of about 1 mm (0.039 in). They are mottle-colored with brown, gray, black and white. The seeds are hydrophilic, absorbing up to 12 times their weight in liquid when soaked. While soaking, the seeds develop a mucilaginous gel-like coating that gives chia-based beverages a distinctive texture.
chia plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salvia_hispanica
PLANTS:SAHI6
Salvia hispanica L.
salvia chia
salvia columbariae
salvia hispanica
Salvia hispanica
Emmer wheat (*Triticum dicoccum*), also known as farro especially in Italy, is a low yielding, awned wheat. It was one of the first crops domesticated in the Near East. It was widely cultivated in the ancient world, but is now a relict crop in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia.
emmer plant
WIKIPEDIA:Emmer
Triticum dicoccon
Triticum dicoccon subsp. abyssinicum
Triticum dicoccon subsp. asiaticum
Triticum dicoccon subsp. dicoccon
cultivated emmer wheat
Triticum dicoccon Schrank
farro
triticum dicoccum
ttiticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum
*Fucus vesiculosus*, known by the common name bladder wrack or bladderwrack, is a seaweed found on the coasts of the North Sea, the western Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, also known by the common names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed, dyers fucus, red fucus, and rock wrack. It was the original source of iodine, discovered in 1811, and was used extensively to treat goitre, a swelling of the thyroid gland related to iodine deficiency. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucus_vesiculosus]
bladder wrack
Fucus vesiculosus
Fucus vesiculosus L.
Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus, 1753
black tang
black tany
bladder fucus
bladderwrack
cut weed
dyers fucus
fucus vesiculosus
red fucus
rock weed
rock wrack
sea oak
Fucus vesiculosus
Saccharomyces
cherimoya tree
MANSFELD:28726
PLANTS:ANCH9
cherimoya
chirimoya
custard apple
Annona cherimola Mill.
Annona cherimola Miller
annona cherimola
Annona cherimola
baker's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 'var. diastaticus'
baker's yeast
brewer's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen, 1883
ale yeast
brewer's yeast
nutritional yeast
saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cetengraulis
Encrasicholina
Boletus edulis var. clavipes
Boletus edulis var. ochraceus
silvertip shark
Carcharhinus albimarginatus
spinetail devil ray
Mobula japanica
whitetip reef shark
Triaenodon obesus
Scomberesox saurus saurus
pomfret
Taractes rubescens
Gobiinae
deepwater flathead
Platycephalus conatus
Taraxacum
Oxudercinae
dwarf goonch
Bagarius bagarius
large razorbelly minnow
Salmostoma bacalia
*Genista tinctoria* (dyer's greenweed or dyer's broom) is a species of flowering plant of the family *Fabaceae*. The plant has been used in popular medicine and herbalism for various complaints, including skin diseases, even in modern times. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genista_tinctoria]
dyer's broom plant
PLANTS:GETI
dyer's greenweed
Genista tinctoria L.
dyer's greenweed
genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria
striped weakfish
South American striped weakfish
Cynoscion striatus
Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829)
cynoscion striatus
south american striped weakfish
Cynoscion striatus
snake mackerel
CEC1993:941
barracouta
snoek
Thyrsites atun
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen, 1791)
Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen,l791)
barracouta
snoek
thyrsites atun
Thyrsites atun
Satureja
summer savory
Satureja hortensis
winter savory
Satureja montana
Thymus
*Thymus vulgaris* (common thyme, German thyme, garden thyme or just thyme) is a species of flowering plant in the mint family *Lamiaceae*, native to southern Europe from the western Mediterranean to southern Italy. Growing to 15-30 cm (6-12 in) tall by 40 cm (16 in) wide, it is a bushy, woody-based evergreen subshrub with small, highly aromatic, grey-green leaves and clusters of purple or pink flowers in early summer.
common thyme plant
PLANTS:THVU
common thyme
garden thyme
garden thyme
thyme
thymus vulgaris
Thymus vulgaris L.
Thymus vulgaris
argentine stiletto shrimp
CEC1993:1193
Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888
artemesia longinaris
Artemesia longinaris
Lentinus sajor-caju
Ximenia
*Ximenia americana*, commonly known as tallow wood, yellow plum or sea lemon, is a small sprawling tree of woodlands native to the tropics. The fruits have a pleasant plum-like flavor. In Asia, the young leaves are cooked as a vegetable. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximenia_americana]
tallow wood
PLANTS:XIAM
Ximenia americana L.
sea lemon
tallownut
tallowwood
ximenia americana
ximenia citrifolia
yellow-plum
Ximenia americana
Sonchus
*Sonchus asper* (Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle, Prickly Sow Thistle, Spiny Sow Thistle, or Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle) is an annual plant with spiny leaves and yellow flowers resembling those of the dandelion. The leaves are bluish-green, simple, lanceolate, with wavy and sometimes lobed margins, covered in spines on both the margins and beneath. The base of the leaf surrounds the stem. The plant can reach 180 cm (6 ft) in height. The leaves and stems emit a milky sap when cut. The flowers grow in clusters and the end of the stems.
This plant is native to Europe, but is also a common weed in North American roadsides, landscapes, and pastures. Its edible leaves make a palatable and nutritious leaf vegetable.
spinu sowthistle plant
WIKIPEDIA:Sonchus_asper
PLANTS:SOAS
prickly sow-thistle
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
prickly sow thistle
rough sow thistle
sharp-fringed sow thistle
sonchus asper
spiny leaved sow thistle
spiny-leaf sow thistle
spiny-leaf sowthistle
Sonchus asper
Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for rabbits, hence the other common names of "hare thistle" or "hare lettuce". They are also edible to humans as a leaf vegetable; old leaves and stalks can be bitter but young leaves have a flavour similar to lettuce. Going by the name puha or rareke (raraki) it is frequently eaten in New Zealand as a vegetable, particularly by the native Maori. When cooked it tastes a little similar to chard. [Wikipedia]
annual sowthistle plant
sowthistle plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:SOOL
common sow-thistle
Sonchus oleraceus L.
annual sow thistle
common sow thistle
common sowthistle
hare's lettuce
sonchus oleraceus
sow thistle
Sonchus oleraceus
dandelion
Taraxacum officinale
*Cnicus benedictus* (St. Benedict's thistle, blessed thistle, holy thistle or spotted thistle), is a thistle-like plant in the family *Asteraceae* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnicus]
blessed thistle plant
PLANTS:CNBE
blessed thistle
Centaurea benedicta (L.) L.
Cnicus benedictus L.
centaurea benedicta
cnicus benedictus
holy thistle
Centaurea benedicta
Chlamys hastata
pinfish
Lagodon rhomboides
Arothron
Anabantoidei
Ameiurus
variegated scallop
CEC1993:1346
Chlamys varia
Chlamys varia (Linnaeus, 1758)
chlamys varia
Mimachlamys varia
redfinger rubble crab
Eriphia gonagra (J. C. Fabricius, 1781)
eriphia gonagra
warty crab
Eriphia gonagra
Loxorhynchus
whitefishes
Coregoninae
trouts, salmons & chars
Salmoninae
winter cress
Barbarea
land cress plant
PLANTS:BAVE
early winter cress
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Barbarea verna (P. Mill.) Aschers.
american cress
american winter cress
barbarea verna
creecy greens
early winter cress
early yellowrocket
normandy cress
upland cress
Barbarea verna
*Barbarea vulgaris*, also called as bittercress, herb barbara, rocketcress, yellow rocketcress, winter rocket, and wound rocket, is a biennial herb of the genus *Barbarea*, belonging to the family *Brassicaceae*.
winter cress plant
WIKIPEDIA:Barbarea_vulgaris
PLANTS:BAVU
upland cress
winter cress
yellow rocket
Barbarea vulgaris Ait. f.
Barbarea vulgaris R.Br.
Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton
Barbarea vulgaris W.T. Aiton
barbarea vulgaris
rocket cress
yellow rocket
Barbarea vulgaris
rhinoceros beetles, hercules beetles & elephant beetles
Dynastinae
*Trichosanthes cucumerina* is a tropical or subtropical vine; its variety *T. cucumerina* var. *anguina* raised for its strikingly long fruit, in Asia eaten immature as a vegetable much like the summer squash, and in Africa, the reddish pulp of its mature fruit is used as an economical substitute of tomato. Common names of the cultivated variety include snake gourd, serpent gourd [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichosanthes_cucumerina]
snake gourd plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:TRCU3
snake gourd
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.
Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; syn: T. anguina L.
cucumis melo flexuosus
serpent gourd
serpent melon
snake melon
trichosanthes cucumerina
Trichosanthes cucumerina
true insects
Insecta
Pagellus
pandora
CEC1993:783
common pandora
Pagellus erythrinus
Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagellus erythrinus
Pagellus erythrinus
A species of *Sparidae* fishes.
black sea bream
CEC1993:799
EC:No 216/2009 BRB
black seabream
Spondyliosoma cantharus
Spondyliosoma cantharus (Linnaeus, 1758)
black seabream
spondyliosoma cantharus
Spondyliosoma cantharus
blackchin tilapia
Sarotherodon melanotheron
sergeant major
Abudefduf saxatilis
marblecichlid
oscar
oscar cichlid
red oscar
velvet cichlid
Astronotus ocellatus
peacock cichlid
Cichla ocellaris
black skipjack
CEC1993:957
black skipjack
Euthynnus lineatus
Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920
euthynnus lineatus
Euthynnus lineatus
surfperches
Embiotocidae
shiner perch
Cymatogaster aggregata
bearded worm goby
Taenioides cirratus
northern rockling
Ciliata septentrionalis
Sprattus sprattus sprattus
Hyperoplus
greater sandeel
CEC1993:929
great sand-eel
Hyperoplus lanceolatus (Le Sauvage, 1824)
hyperoplus lanceolatus
Hyperoplus lanceolatus
Monascus purpureus
Aequipecten glyptus
Argopecten nucleus
The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus *Myristica*. The most important commercial species is *Myristica fragrans*, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia. The nutmeg tree is important for two spices derived from the fruit: nutmeg and mace. Nutmeg is the actual seed of the tree, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed.
nutmeg plant
WIKIPEDIA:Nutmeg
MANSFELD:12036
PLANTS:MYFR3
mace
nutmeg
Myristica fragrans Houtt.
myristica fragrans
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the spice mace made from nutmeg, use *NUTMEG [B1214]* and *ARIL [C0287]*.
Myristica fragrans
West African Pepper, also known as Ashanti Pepper, Benin Pepper, False Cubeb, Guinea Cubeb, Uziza Pepper or (ambiguously) "Guinea pepper", called locally kale, kukauabe, masoro, sasema and soro wisa, is a West African spice that corresponds to the dried fruit of *Piper guineense*.
west african pebber plant
WIKIPEDIA:Piper_guineense
PLANTS:PIGU3
Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn.
Piper guineense Schumacher & Thonn.
Piper guineense Thonn.
ashanti pepper
benin pepper
guinea cubeb
piper guineense
Piper guineense
Vanilla
*Vanilla planifolia* is a species of vanilla orchid. It is native to Mexico and Central America, and is one of the primary sources for vanilla flavouring, due to its high vanillin content. Common names are flat-leaved vanilla, Tahitian vanilla, and West Indian vanilla (also used for the Pompona vanilla, *V. pompona*). Often, it is simply referred to as "the vanilla". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla_planifolia]
bourbon vanilla plant
PLANTS:VAPL2
cultivated vanilla
Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Vanilla planifolia Jacks.
Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews
flat-leaved vanilla
vanilla
vanilla fragrans
vanilla planifolia
Vanilla planifolia
*Juglans regia*, the Persian walnut, English walnut, or especially in Great Britain, Common walnut, is an Old World walnut tree species native to the region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the Himalayas and southwest China. The whole fruit, including the husk, falls in autumn; the seed is large, with a relatively thin shell, and edible, with a rich flavor.
english walnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Juglans_regia
MANSFELD:11850
PLANTS:JURE80
English walnut
Juglans regia L.
juglans regia
persian walnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the English walnut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *ENGLISH WALNUT [B1130]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans regia
*Xanthosoma brasiliense* (Desf.) Engl. This particular taro was developed for its yield of edible leaves and stems rather than its roots. Food: the leaves and leaf stems are eaten as a cooked, green vegetable; the stems are widely used as a celery substitute in tropical areas. [http://greenharvest.com.au/Plants/Information/TahitianSpinach.html]
tahitian spinach plant
PLANTS:XABR
Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.
tahitian taro
xanthosoma brasiliense
Xanthosoma brasiliense
agile frog
agile frog
Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1840
Rana dalmatina Fitzinger in Bonaparte, 1839
rana dalmatina
Rana dalmatina
turnip
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Chinese cabbage
bai cai
celery cabbage
pe-tsai
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis
antarctic flying squid
Todarodes filippovae Adam 1975
Todarodes filippovae Adam, 1975
todarodes filippovae
Todarodes filippovae
aloe family
Asphodelaceae
Arthropodium
queenfish
Seriphus politus
Seriphus politus Ayres, 1860
corvineta reina
seriphus politus
Seriphus politus
Aponogeton
Rhynchocinetes durbanensis
European cranberry
mossberry
Vaccinium oxycoccos
doctorfish
Acanthurus chirurgus
Sparisoma
redtail parrotfish
Sparisoma chrysopterum
Amphistichus
Pomacanthus
gray angelfish
Pomacanthus arcuatus
Pezizales
Morchellaceae
Morchella
Morchella conica
Elaeis
*Elaeis guineensis* is a species of palm commonly called African oil palm or macaw-fat. It is the principal source of palm oil. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis]
african oil palm plant
PLANTS:ELGU
African oil palm
Elaeis guineensis Jacq.
elaeis guineensis
Elaeis guineensis
*Basidiomycota* is one of two large phyla that, together with the *Ascomycota*, constitute the subkingdom *Dikarya* (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. More specifically the *Basidiomycota* include these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and the human pathogenic yeast *Cryptococcus*.
WIKIPEDIA:Basidiomycota
basidiomycetes
basidiomycotina
basidios
club fungi
teliomycetes
ustomycetes
Basidiomycota
Parancistrus aurantiacus
black buffalo
Ictiobus niger
broadband anchovy
Anchoviella lepidentostole
atlantic anchoveta
CEC1993:208
Atlantic anchoveta
tarpon fry
toothless anchovy
whalebone anchovy
Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)
cetengraulis edentulus
Cetengraulis edentulus
whitehead's round herring
Whitehead's round herring
Etrumeus whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
etrumeus whiteheadi
Etrumeus whiteheadi
Calonectris
*Elymus repens*, commonly known as couch grass, is a very common perennial species of grass native to most of Europe, Asia, the Arctic biome, and northwest Africa. It has been brought into other mild northern climates for forage or erosion control, but is often considered a weed. Other names include common couch, twitch, quick grass, quitch grass (also just quitch), dog grass, quackgrass, scutch grass, and witchgrass. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elymus_repens]
couch grass plant
PLANTS:ELRE4
Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski
elymus repens
Elymus repens
witches' butter
Tremella mesenterica
mackerel icefish
Champsocephalus gunnari
cabezon
cabezon
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus (Ayres, 1854)
scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Scorpaenichthys marmoratus
Auricularia
Neolithodes brodiei
cumin
Cuminum cyminum
Asafoetida is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of *Ferula*. As its name suggests, asafoetida has a fetid smell, but in cooked dishes, it delivers a smooth flavour reminiscent of leeks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida]
asafoetida plant
PLANTS:FEAS2
asafoetida
Ferula assa-foetida L.
Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel
asafoetida
devil's dung
ferula assa-foetida
ferula foetida
Ferula assa-foetida
Ajwain, ajowan *Trachyspermum ammi*, also known as Ajowan caraway, Oomam in Tamil, bishop's weed or carom, is an annual herb in the family *Apiaceae*. It originated in India. Both the leaves and the fruit (often mistakenly called seeds) of the plant are consumed by humans. The plant is also called bishop's weed, but this is a common name it shares with some other different plants. The "seed" (i.e., the fruit) is often confused with lovage "seed".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajwain]
ajowan plant
PLANTS:TRAM13
Apiaceae
Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill
aiwain
ajawain
ajowan caraway
ajwain
ajwan
bishop's weed
carom
carum copticum
ooman
trachyspermum copticum
Trachyspermum ammi
sneep
CEC1993:318
Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
chondrostoma nasus
Chondrostoma nasus
bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
spiny turbot
spiny turbot
Psettodes bennettii
Psettodes bennettii Steindachner, 1870
psettodes bennetti
spring turbot
Psettodes bennettii
Austroglossus
mud sole
Austroglossus pectoralis
The southern lemon sole, *Pelotretis flavilatus*, is a righteye flounder, the only species in the genus *Pelotretis*, found around New Zealand in enclosed waters such as estuaries, harbours, mudflats, and sandflats, in waters less than 385 m in depth. Their length is from 25 to 50 cm.
new zealand lemon sole
WIKIPEDIA:Pelotretis_flavilatus
southern lemon sole
Pelotretis flavilatus
Pelotretis flavilatus Waite, 1911
flounder
pelotretis flavilatus
southern lemon sole
Pelotretis flavilatus
new zealand sole
New Zealand sole
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862
peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Peltorhamphus novaezeelandiae
Ustilaginaceae
Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus *Ustilago maydis* that causes smut on maize and teosinte. The fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species, and is known in Mexico as the delicacy huitlacoche; which is eaten, usually as a filling, in quesadillas and other tortilla-based foods, and soups. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_smut]
corn smut
Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda
ustilago maydis
Ustilago maydis
*Brassica carinata* (Ethiopian rape, Ethiopian mustard, Abyssinian mustard) is a member of the Triangle of U species in the agriculturally significant *Brassica* genus. The plant is also grown as a leaf vegetable, with a mild flavor. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica_carinata
abyssinian mustard plant
PLANTS:BRCA30
Abyssinian mustard
Ethiopian mustard
Brassica carinata A. Braun
brassica carinata
texel mustard
Brassica carinata
Balbis banana
starchy banana
Musa balbisiana
Tylophora
Scophthalmidae
Scophthalmus
turbot
CEC1993:1158
CEC1993:1159
turbot
Psetta maxima
Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758)
Psetta maxima maeotica (Pallas, 1811)
psetta maxima
scophthalmus maximus
Scophthalmus maximus
Commerson's anchovy
Stolephorus commersonnii
Neritidae
Glycymerididae
Glycymeris
Ascophyllum nodosum is a large, common brown alga (*Phaeophyceae*) in the family *Fucaceae*, being the only species in the genus *Ascophyllum*. It is seaweed of the northern Atlantic Ocean, also known as rockweed, Norwegian kelp, knotted kelp, knotted wrack or egg wrack. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascophyllu]
north atlantic rockweed
EC:No 1637/2001 ASN
Ascophyllum nodosum
Ascophyllum nodosum (Linnaeus) Le Jolis, 1863
Ascophyllum nodosum Scorpiodes
Ascophyllum nodosum var. scorpioides
ascophyllum nodosum
egg wrack
knotted kelp
norwegian kelp
Ascophyllum nodosum
Hymenomycetes
Agaricomycotina
Polyporales
Anisotremus interruptus
Anisotremus surinamensis
Anisotremus taeniatus
Haemulon parra
Haemulon scudderii
harlequin sweetlips
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides
Ganoderma
Ganoderma lucidum
*Lamium album*, commonly called white nettle or white dead-nettle, is a flowering plant in the family *Lamiaceae*. The young leaves are edible, and can be used in salads or cooked as a vegetable. Bees, especially bumble bees are attracted to the flowers which are a good source of early nectar and pollen, hence the plant is sometimes called the bee nettle. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamium_album]
white deadnettle plant
PLANTS:LAAL
white dead-nettle
Lamium album L.
lamium album
white-nettle
Lamium album
bracket fungi
Polyporaceae
*Stachys officinalis* is commonly known as common hedgenettle, betony, purple betony, wood betony, bishopwort, or bishop's wort. The plant was commonly grown in physic gardens of apothecaries and monasteries for medicinal purposes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stachys_officinalis]
common hedgenettle plant
PLANTS:STOF2
betony
bishop's-wort
Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis
Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.
betonica officinalis
betony
bishop's wort
bishopwort
purple betony
stachys officinalis
wood betony
Betonica officinalis
Pleurotus
oyster mushroom
shimeji
Pleurotus ostreatus
Pleurotus eryngii
incense tree
PLANTS:CASC28
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.
Canarium schweinfurthii Engler
canarium schweinfurthii
papo canary tree
Canarium schweinfurthii
Harry hotlips
brown sweetlips
dusky sweetlips
gibbus sweetlips
gibbus thicklip
Plectorhinchus gibbosus
gill mushrooms
Agaricales
Agaricaceae
Agaricus
An edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America.
Agaricus bisporus var. albidus (nom. inval.)
button mushroom
common mushroom
cultivated mushroom
Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach, 1946
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach forma albidus (Lange) Singer
button mushroom
champignon
champignon mushroom
common mushroom
cremini
crimini
Agaricus bisporus has two color states while immature - white and brown - both of which have various names. When mature, the same mushroom has yet another popular name.
When immature and white - this mushroom may be known as common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, cultivated mushroom, table mushroom, and champignon mushroom. When immature and brown - this mushroom may be known variously as Swiss brown mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian brown, Italian mushroom, cremini or crimini mushroom, brown cap mushroom, or chestnut mushroom. When mature, the same mushroom is known as Portobello mushroom.
It is cultivated in more than seventy countries, and it is one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world.[Wikipedia]
Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bitorquis
shiitake mushroom
Lentinula edodes
Lentinus
Carcinus aestuarii
Lentinus tigrinus
Boletaceae
Boletus
Echinacea
Echinacea <eudicots>
pale purple cone-flower plant
PLANTS:ECPA
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.
echinacea pallida
pale echinacea
Echinacea pallida
eastern purple coneflower plant
PLANTS:ECPU
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
echinacea purpurea
Echinacea purpurea
Suillus luteus
Caesalpinia
*Cassia fistula*, known as the golden rain tree, canafistula and by other names, is a flowering plant in the family *Fabaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_fistula]
golden shower tree
IT IS:25749
PLANTS:CAFI3
golden-rain
pudding-pie-tree
purging cassia
Cassia fistula L.
cassia fistula
purging cassia
Cassia fistula
Dialium
*Dipteryx odorata* (commonly known as "cumaru" or "kumaru") is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, *Fabaceae*, that is native to the Orinoco region of northern South America. Its seeds are known as tonka beans. They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth, brown interior. Their fragrance is reminiscent of vanilla, almonds, cinnamon, and cloves.
tonka bean plant
WIKIPEDIA:Dipteryx_odorata
PLANTS:DIOD2
cumaru
sarrapia
tonga-bean
Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.
Dipteryx odorata (Aublet) Willd.
cumaru
dipteryx odorata
kumaru
Dipteryx odorata
Senna
banded guitarfish
Zapteryx exasperata
Common name: Bitter greens, bita wiwiri, bitterblad. Synonym: *Cestrum tenuiflorum*. Family: *Solanaceae* (Nightshade family). [http://www.tropilab.com/bitawiri.html]
bitterblad
PLANTS:CELA2
Cestrum latifolium Lam.
Cestrum laurifolium L'Hér.
bitter greens
cestrum latifolium
cestrum tenuiflorum
Cestrum macrophyllum
*Phyla dulcis* is a species of perennial herb
known by several common names, including Aztec sweet herb, bushy lippia, honeyherb, hierba dulce, and tzopelic-xihuitl (Nahuatl). This plant has historically been used as a natural sweetener and medicinal herb in its native Mexico and parts of Central America. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyla_dulcis]
aztec sweetherb plant
Phyla dulcis (Trevir.) Moldenke
honeyherb
lippia dulcis
mexican lippia
phyla dulcis
Phyla dulcis
bustards
Otididae
princess parrotfish
Scarus taeniopterus
Tenericutes
Mycoplasmatota
European fan palm
Chamaerops humilis
Vitex
chaste tree
PLANTS:VIAG
chasteberry
chastetree
Vitex agnus-castus L.
abraham's balm
chasteberry
monk's pepper
vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus
Latilinae
bleak
bleak
Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
alburnus alburnus
Alburnus alburnus
yellow-wing flyingfish
yellowfin flying fish
Cypselurus poecilopterus
Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii
oceanic puffer
Lagocephalus lagocephalus
Chilean sandperch
Pinguipes chilensis
Apsilinae
Apsilus
African forktail snapper
Apsilus fuscus
*Angelica sylvestris* or wild angelica is a species of flowering plant, native to Europe and central Asia. It was used as a vegetable until the 20th century. *Angelica sylvestris* roots have been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or tincture [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelica_sylvestris]
wild angelica plant
PLANTS:ANSY2
Angelica sylvestris L.
angelica sylvestris
woodland angelica
Angelica sylvestris
Sciaena
Prunus persica x Prunus persica var. nucipersica
southern leatherjacket
Meuschenia australis
The smooth leatherjacket or velvet leatherjacket, *Meuschenia scaber*, is a filefish of the family *Monacanthidae*, found off eastern Australia and all around New Zealand to depths of about 100 m, on rocky weedy reef areas. Its length is between 25 and 35 cm. In New Zealand it is simply known as leatherjacket as it is the only fish of this family commonly found there.
velvet leatherjacket
WIKIPEDIA:Velvet_Leatherjacket
velvet leatherjacket
Meuschenia scaber
Meuschenia scaber (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Meuschenia scaber Forster, 1801
Parika scaber (Forster, 1801)
meuschenia scaber
new zealand leatherjacket
parika scaber
Meuschenia scaber
southern bastard codling
Pseudophycis barbata
Hiodon
The goldeye, *Hiodon alosoides*, is a species of fish in the mooneye family (Hiodontidae). It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay. It is notable for a conspicuous golden iris in the eyes.
goldeye
WIKIPEDIA:Goldeye
goldeye
Hiodon alosoides
Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque, 1819)
hiodon alosoides
laquaiche aux yeux d'or
Hiodon alosoides
Hawaiian ladyfish
giant herring
Elops hawaiensis
Albuliformes
bonefish
Albula vulpes
king snake eel
Ophichthus rex
Ulva limnetica
little squid
CEC1993:1404
Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758)
Loligo media
Loligo media (Linnaeus, 1758)
alloteuthis media
loligo media
Alloteuthis media
hardshell clam
Protothaca thaca
Protothaca thaca (Molina, 1782)
hardshell
protothaca thaca
quahog
Paphies
Paphies australis
Paphies subtriangulata
devil anglerfish
CEC1993:1183
Cape monk
Lophius upsicephalus A. Smith, 1841
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius vomerinus Valenciennes, 1837
cape monk
lophius upsicephalus
lophius vomerinus
Lophius vomerinus
Fissurellidae
Diodora aspera
long-tailed weasel
Mustela frenata
spiny eels
Notacanthidae
Sundaland noodlefishes
herrings
Clupeidae
menhadens
shads
Alosinae
Pacific barracuda
Sphyraena argentea
Sepiida
Pristis
eagle rays
Myliobatinae
Myliobatis
Squatiniformes
angel sharks
Squatinidae
Squatina
Sciuridae
Loligo reynaudii
Pseudoscaphirhynchus
Amu Darya sturgeon
Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
Oregoniidae
date plum plant
PLANTS:DILO8
date-plum
guiaca
jun qian zi
mamegaki
Diospyros lotus L.
date-plum
diospyros lotus
lotus persimmon
lotus tree
Diospyros lotus
Tapes
Cape-pondweed family
Aponogetonaceae
Triglochin
The pistachio, *Pistacia vera* in the *Anacardiaceae* family, is a small tree originally from Persia (Iran), which now can also be found in to regions of Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Egypt, Sicily and possibly Afghanistan (especially in the provinces of Samangan and Badghis). The fruit is a drupe, containing an elongated seed, which is the edible portion. The seed, commonly thought of as a nut, is a culinary nut, not a botanical nut.
pistachio plant
WIKIPEDIA:Pistachio
MANSFELD:28393
PLANTS:PIVE3
pistachio
Pistacia vera L.
pistacia vera
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the pistachio fruit (drupe, seed) index both *PISTACHIO [B1416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Pistacia vera
Lactarius deliciosus
veined rapa whelk
Rapana venosa
Fulica ardesiaca
Apalone
Metacarcinus
black-caraway
black-cumin
Nigella sativa
Haemulon album
Haemulon bonariense
Haemulon carbonarium
Brachygenys chrysargyreum
Haemulon macrostomum
Haemulon melanurum
Haemulon steindachneri
Haemulon striatum
Dermatemys mawii
*Dioscorea cayennensis* subsp. *rotundata*, the "white yam", sometimes sold as "Guinea yam" or "white ñame", is a subspecies of yam native to Africa. It is one of the most important cultivated yams.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_cayennensis_subsp._rotundata]
white guinea yam plant
CCPR:
MANSFELD:18876
PLANTS:DIRO
Dioscorea cayennensis subsp. rotundata
Guinea yam
eboe yam
white guinea yam
white yam
Dioscorea rotundata Poir.
common yam
dioscorea cayennensis subsp. rotundata
dioscorea rotundata
eight-months yam
guinea yam
white yam
Dioscorea cayenensis subsp. rotundata
cush-cush yam plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:DITR3
aja
cush-cush
cush-cush yam
mapuey
sacha papa
tabena
yampee
yampi
Dioscorea trifida L.
Dioscorea trifida L. f.
dioscorea trifida
indian yam
Dioscorea trifida
threaded abalone
Haliotis kamtschatkana assimilis
*Stevia* is a genus of about 240 species of herbs and shrubs in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America. The species *Stevia rebaudiana*, commonly known as sweetleaf, sweet leaf, sugarleaf, or simply stevia, is widely grown for its sweet leaves. As a sweetener and sugar substitute, stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, although some of its extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations.
With its steviol glycoside extracts having up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar, stevia has garnered attention with the rise in demand for low-carbohydrate, low-sugar food alternatives.
stevia plant
WIKIPEDIA:Stevia_rebaudiana
PLANTS:STRE2
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni
candyleaf
stevia rebaudiana
sugarleaf
sweet leaf
sweetleaf
Stevia rebaudiana
spanish lime plant
PLANTS:MEBI
Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.
genip (melicoccus)
honeyberry
mamoncillo
melicoccus bijugatus
Melicoccus bijugatus
Cardiidae
common cockle
CEC1993:1373
Cerastoderma edule
Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus, 1758)
cerastoderma edule
Cerastoderma edule
Uroteuthis
pacific deep sea crab
Chaceon granulatus (Sakai, 1978)
chaceon granulatus
geryon granulatus
japanese deep sea crab
Chaceon granulatus
spiny-tail skate
CEC1993:80
spinetail ray
Bathyraja spinicauda
Bathyraja spinicauda (Jensen, 1914)
bathyraja spinicauda
Bathyraja spinicauda
A species of oyster found in the southwest Iberian Peninsula, closely related to the Pacific oyster. Although first identified as a native European species, genetic studies have suggested the Portuguese oyster originated from the Pacific coast of Asia and was introduced to Europe by Portuguese trading ships in the 16th century.
portuguese oyster
Crassostrea angulate
Portugese oyster
Crassostrea angulata
Crassostrea angulata Lamarck
portuguese cupped oyster
Crassostrea angulata
mangosteen family
Clusiaceae
Taiwan tai
Argyrops bleekeri
Baird's tapir
Tapirus bairdii
Agaricus campestris
parasol mushroom
Macrolepiota procera
shaggy mane
Coprinus comatus
Accipitridae
The Great Horned Owl, (*Bubo virginianus*), also known as the Tiger Owl, is a large owl native to the Americas. It is an adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.
great horned owl
WIKIPEDIA:Bubo_virginianus
great horned owl
Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788)
bubo virginianus
Bubo virginianus
maitake
Grifola frondosa
woodcock
American woodcock
Scolopax minor Gmelin, 1789
philohela minor
scolopax minor
Scolopax minor
American kestrel
Falco sparverius
Calocybe gambosa
shortjaw cisco
Coregonus zenithicus
Centropomus armatus
Centropomus nigrescens
Centropomus robalito
Centropomus viridis
*Fusarium venenatum* is a microfungus of the genus Fusarium.
Quorn
This fungi has a high protein content. One of its strains is used commercially for the production of the single cell protein mycoprotein... *Fusarium venenatum* intended for use in Quorn products is grown under aerobic conditions in culture vessels by what is known as the 'Quorn Process'.
Fusarium venenatum
Trachinidae
greater weever
Trachinus draco
*Baillonella toxisperma* (also called African pearwood, djave nut, or moabi) is a species of tree in the family *Sapotaceae*, and the only species in the genus *Baillonella*. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. The moabi tree's nut oil is a key component of Baka and other indigenous people's subsistence.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baillonella]
african pearwood plant
PLANTS:BATO3
Baillonella toxisperma Pierre
baillonella toxisperma
djave
djave nut
moabi
Baillonella toxisperma
*Luffa acutangula* (Angled luffa, Ridged luffa, Vegetable Gourd, Silk squash, Sin qua) is a species of *Luffa*. It is commercially grown for its unripe fruits as a vegetable. Mature fruits are used to make cleaning sponges. Its fruit slightly resembles a cucumber with ridges. It ranges from central Asia and eastern Asia to southeastern Asia.
angled loofah plant
WIKIPEDIA:Luffa_acutangula
PLANTS:LUAC2
angled luffa
ribbed gourd
ribbed luffa
ridged gourd
silky gourd
singkwa towel gourd
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.
chinese-okra
luffa acutangula
ribbed gourd
ribbed loofah
ridged gourd
silky gourd
Luffa acutangula
bloch's gizzard shad
Bloch's gizzard shad
Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795)
gizzard shad
nematalosa nasus
Nematalosa nasus
*Araucaria bidwillii*, the bunya pine, is a large evergreen coniferous tree in the plant family *Araucariaceae*. It is found naturally in south-east Queensland Australia and two small disjunct populations in north eastern Queensland's World Heritage listed Wet Tropics.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii]
bunya pine tree
PLANTS:ARBI12
Araucaria bidwillii Hook.
araucaria bidwillii
Araucaria bidwillii
Sambucus nigra subsp. caerulea
Thenus orientalis
Hydnum
Muntries (*Kunzea pomifera*) - also known as emu apples, native cranberries, munthari, muntaberry or monterry - are low-growing plants found along the southern coast of Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunzea_pomifera]
muntry plant
PLANTS:KUPO2
Kunzea pomifera F. Muell.
emu apple
kunzea pomifera
Kunzea pomifera
Isostichopus badionotus
Boletus pinophilus
Craterellus
Craterellus tubaeformis
Cantharellaceae
*Hedysarum alpinum* is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine sweetvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the northern latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In North America it is widespread in Canada and the northernmost United States, including Alaska.
alpine sweetvetch plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedysarum_alpinum
PLANTS:HEAL
alpine sweetvetch
Hedysarum alpinum L.
hedysarum alpinum
Hedysarum alpinum
red clover plant
PLANTS:TRPR2
peavine clover
purple clover
red clover
rotklee
Trifolium pratense L.
trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense
Macrobrachium ohione
channeled whelk
Busycotypus canaliculatus
Murex
Neptunea
cape lobster
Cape lobster
Homarinus capensis (Herbst, 1792)
Homarus capensis (Herbst 1792)
homarus capensis
Homarinus capensis
ruffe
ruffe
Gymnocephalus cernuus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gymnocephalus cernuus
Gymnocephalus cernua
*Filipendula ulmaria*, commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herb in the family *Rosaceae* that grows in damp meadows. Meadowsweet has also been referred to as queen of the meadow, pride of the meadow, meadow-wort, meadow queen, lady of the meadow, dollof, meadsweet, and bridewort.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipendula_ulmaria]
meadowsweet plant
PLANTS:FIUL
Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.
filipendula ulmaria
queen of the meadow
Filipendula ulmaria
European strawberry
alpine strawberry
wild strawberry
wood strawberry
Fragaria vesca
*Geum urbanum*, also known as wood avens, herb Bennet, colewort and St. Benedict's herb (Latin herba benedicta), is a perennial plant in the rose family (*Rosaceae*), which grows in shady places. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_urbanum]
herb bennet plant
PLANTS:GEUR
Geum urbanum L.
colewort
geum urbanum
st. benedict's herb
wood avens
Geum urbanum
*Argentina anserina* is a synonym of *Potentilla anserina* L., the accepted name of a perennial flowering plant in the rose family, *Rosaceae*. It is known by the common names "silverweed", common silverweed or silver cinquefoil. It was formerly believed to be useful for epilepsy, and that it could ward off witches and evil spirits. The plant has been cultivated as a food crop for its edible roots. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_anserina]
silverweed plant
PLANTS:ARAN7
silverweed cinquefoil
Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.
Potentilla anserina L.
argentina anserine
potentilla anserina
Argentina anserina
*Rosa majalis* (cinnamon rose, double cinnamon rose) is a species of deciduous shrubs in the genus *Rosa*, native to forests of Europe and Siberia. It grows to 2 m. and yields edible hip fruits rich in vitamin C, which are used in medicine and to produce rose hip syrup. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_majalis]
cinnamon rose plant
PLANTS:ROMA81
May rose
cinnamon rose
Rosa majalis Herrm.
Rosa majalis J. Herrm.
may rose
rosa majalis
Rosa majalis
cloudberry plant
MANSFELD:8377
PLANTS:RUCH
Rubus chamaemorus L.
baked apple berry
malka
rubus chamaemorus
salmonberry
yellowberry
Rubus chamaemorus
Sanguisorba
*Potentilla erecta* (syn. *Tormentilla erecta*, *Potentilla laeta*, *Potentilla tormentilla*, known as the (common) tormentil, septfoil or erect cinquefoil) is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the rose family (*Rosaceae*). The plant is particularly used in herbal medicine as an astringent.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentilla_erecta]
tormentil plant
PLANTS:POER81
Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch.
erect cinquefoil
potentilla erecta
potentilla laeta
potentilla tormentilla
tormentilla erecta
Potentilla erecta
Alchemilla alpina, commonly known as alpine lady's-mantle, is an arctic-montane herbaceous perennial plant native to Europe and Southern Greenland. Alpine lady's-mantle has been used for centuries as an herbal remedy, and is used in horticulture as a ground cover and in rock gardens. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchemilla_alpina]
alpine lady's mantle plant
PLANTS:ALAL
Alchemilla alpina L.
alchemilla alpina
Alchemilla alpina
pelagic thresher
Alopias pelagicus
bigeye thresher
bigeye thresher shark
Alopias superciliosus
Cetorhinus maximus
shortfin mako shark
FDA.RFE.2010:24
shortfin mako
shortfin mako shark
Isurus oxyrinchus
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
isurus oxyrinchus
Isurus oxyrinchus
vascular plants
Tracheophyta
seed plants
Spermatophyta
*Cycas rumphii*, commonly known as queen sago or the queen sago palm, is a dioecious gymnosperm, a species of cycad in the genus *Cycas* native to Indonesia, New Guinea and Christmas Island. Although palm-like in appearance, it is not a palm.
ceylon sago palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cycas_rumphii
Cycas rumphii Miq.
cykas circinalis
cykas rumphii
false sago palm
queen sago
queen sago palm
Cycas rumphii
*Juniperus communis*, the common juniper, is a species of conifer in the genus *Juniperus*, in the family *Cupressaceae*. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus_communis]
juniper plant
PLANTS:JUCO6
common juniper
Juniperus communis L.
juniperus communis
Juniperus communis
*Pinus cembra*, also known as Swiss pine, Swiss stone pine or Arolla pine or Austrian stone pine or just Stone pine, is a species of pine tree that grows in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains of central Europe. The seeds are also harvested and sold as pine nuts. Pine cones cut into slices are used to flavor Schnapps. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_cembra]
swiss pine plant
PLANTS:PICE2
Arve
Swiss stone pine
Zirbelkiefer
Pinus cembra L.
arolla pine
pinus cembra
swiss stone pine
Pinus cembra
*Bambusa vulgaris*, common bamboo, is an open-clump type bamboo species... Young shoots of the plant, cooked or pickled, are edible and eaten throughout Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambusa_vulgaris]
common bamboo plant
PLANTS:BAVU2
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl.
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.
bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris
Decapterus
japanese scad
CEC1993:634
Japanese scad
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842)
Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)
decapterus maruadsi
Decapterus maruadsi
mangosteen tree
MANSFELD:16944
PLANTS:GAMA10
garcinia mangostana
mangosteen
purple mangosteen tree
Garcinia mangostana L.
Garcinia mangostana
Scardinius
pearl roach
redeye
rudd
Scardinius erythrophthalmus
pink minnow
CEC1993:346
Eurasian minnow
Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
phoxinus phoxinus
Phoxinus phoxinus
amur bitterling
Amur bitterling
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas 1776)
Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776)
rhodeus sericeus
Rhodeus sericeus
Stout tagelus
Tagelus plebeius
Randia
Randia <eudicots>
goldentail moray
Gymnothorax miliaris
Polititapes rhomboides
marmalade box plant
PLANTS:GEAM
Genipa americana L.
genipa americana
genipap
Genipa americana
Canthium
*Iris versicolor* is also commonly known as the blue flag, harlequin blueflag, larger blue flag, northern blue flag, and poison flag, plus other variations of these names, and in Britain and Ireland as purple iris.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_versicolor]
blueflag plant
PLANTS:IRVE2
Iris versicolor L.
harlequin blueflag
iris versicolor
larger blue flag
northern blue flag
poison flag
purple iris
Iris versicolor
atlantic jackknife
CEC1993:1390
Ensis directus
Ensis directus (Conrad, 1843)
Ensis directus Conrad, 1843
atlantic jackknife clam
ensis directus
Ensis directus
Palaemon styliferus
spotfin hogfish
Bodianus pulchellus
spotted surgeonfish
Ctenochaetus strigosus
shortbeard cusk-eel
Lepophidium brevibarbe
goldsaddle goatfish
goldsaddle goatfish
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801)
Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)
parupeneus cyclostomus
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Acanthostracion
scrawled cowfish
Acanthostracion quadricornis
spotted drum
Equetus punctatus
sand shrimp
Crangon septemspinosa
Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818
crangon septemspinosa
shrimp, sand
Crangon septemspinosa
tamarind plant
MANSFELD:17761
PLANTS:TAIN2
tamarind
Tamarindus indica L.
indian tamarind
tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica
Parkinsonia
Spelt (*Triticum spelta; Triticum dicoccum*), also known as dinkel wheat or hulled wheat, is a species of wheat cultivated since approximately 5000 BC.
Damion Dooley
spelt plant
Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain, and has also found a new market as a 'health food'. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat (*Triticum aestivum*), in which case its botanical name is considered to be *Triticum aestivum* subsp. *spelta*. It is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.[wikipedia]
MANSFELD:34190
PLANTS:TRSP3
spelt
Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta (L.) Thell.
Triticum spelta L.
german wheat
triticum aestivum subsp. spelta
triticum aestivum, spelta group
triticum spelta
Triticum spelta
manchurian wild rice plant
PLANTS:ZILA3
Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf
zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia
Sergia lucens
*Typha angustifolia* L., ( also Lesser Bulrush or Narrowleaf Cattail or Lesser Reedmace), is a perennial herbaceous plant of genus *Typha*. This cattail is an "obligate wetland" species that is commonly found in the northern hemisphere in brackish locations. Several parts of the plant are edible, including during various seasons the dormant sprouts on roots and bases of leaves, the inner core of the stalk, green bloom spikes, ripe pollen, and starchy roots. The edible stem is called bòn bòn in Vietnam.
narrowleaf cattail plant
WIKIPEDIA:Typha_angustifolia
PLANTS:TYAN
narrow-leaf cattail
Typha angustifolia L.
lesser bulrush
lesser reedmace
narrow-leaf cat-tail
narrowleaf cattail
typha angustifolia
Typha angustifolia
sea catfish
Arius caelatus Valenciennes, 1840
Nemapteryx nenga (Hamilton, 1822)
arius caelatus
arius upsulonothorus
felichthys felis
galeichthys felis
nemapteryx nenga
tachysurus caelatus
Nemapteryx nenga
roughback sea catfish
Plicofollis tonggol
Valerianella
lamb's lettuce plant
MANSFELD:2570
PLANTS:VALO
European cornsalad
lamb's-lettuce
Valerianella locusta (L.) Lat.
Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr.
common cornsalad
cornsalad
european cornsalad
valerianella locusta
Valerianella locusta
Arcticidae
ocean quahog
CEC1993:1370
Arctica islandica
Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767)
arctica islandica
hard clam
ocean quahog
Arctica islandica
Damion Dooley
common whitefish
whitefish
CEC1993:232
common whitefish
Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coregonus lavaretus Dybowski 1874
baltic whitefish
coregonus lavaretus
Coregonus lavaretus
inconnu
inconnu
Stenodus leucichthys
Stenodus leucichthys (Güldenstädt, 1772)
shee fish
stenodus leucichthys
stenodus makenii
Stenodus leucichthys
*Rubus parviflorus*, commonly called thimbleberry or salmonberry, is a species of *Rubus*, native to western and northern North America. Thimbleberry fruits are larger, flatter, and softer than raspberries, and have many small seeds. Because the fruit is so soft, it does not pack or ship well, so thimbleberries are rarely cultivated commercially. However, wild thimbleberries make an excellent jam which is sold as a local delicacy. The fruits can be eaten raw or dried.
thimbleberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_parviflorus
PLANTS:RUPA
PLANTS:RUPAP2
PLANTS:RUPAV
Rubus parviflorus Nutt.
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. parviflorus
Rubus parviflorus Nutt. var. velutinus (Hook. & Arn.) Greene
rubus parviflorus
salmonberry
Rubus parviflorus
*Rubus spectabilis* (Salmonberry) is a species of *Rubus* native to the west coast of North America from west central Alaska to California. Salmonberries are edible and share the fruit structure of the raspberry, with the fruit pulling away from its receptacle. Books often call the fruit "insipid", but depending on ripeness and site, they are good eaten raw and when processed into jam, candy, jelly and wine. They were an important food for indigenous peoples. Traditionally, the berries were eaten with salmon or mixed with oolichan grease or salmon roe. They were not dried because of their high moisture content.
salmonberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salmonberry
PLANTS:RUSP
Rubus spectabilis Pursh
rubus spectabilis
Rubus spectabilis
Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus
red-grained black truffle
summer truffle
Tuber aestivum
Pabda catfish
Pabdah catfish
Ompok pabda
*Vigna vexillata* (Zombi pea, wild cowpea) is a variable, perennial climbing plant that is pantropical, found in regions such as Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Venezuela.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_vexillata]
zombi pea plant
PLANTS:VIVE
aka sasage
zombi-pea
Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.
vigna vexillata
wild cowpea
Vigna vexillata
Scarus
stoplight parrotfish
Sparisoma viride
picton herring
CEC1993:196
Sardinops neopilchardus
Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner, 1879)
sardinops neopilchardus
Sardinops neopilchardus
southern african pilchard
Sardinops ocellatus
Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe, 1853)
sardinops ocellatus
Sardinops ocellatus
slipper lobsters
Scyllaridae
Metanephrops
mozambique lobster
Metanephrops mozambicus Macpherson, 1990
african lobster
metanephrops mozambicus
Metanephrops mozambicus
Nephropsis aculeata
longlegged spiny lobster
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne Edwards, 1868)
Panulirus longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868)
panulirus longipes
Panulirus longipes
Scyllarides
ridged slipper lobster
Scyllarides nodifer
Brachiaria
Leiostomus
spot croaker
CEC1993:722
spot
spot croaker
Leiostomus xanthurus
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, 1803
leiostomus xanthurus
Leiostomus xanthurus
lake whitefish
CEC1993:230
lake whitefish
Coregonus clupeaformis
Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)
coregonus clupeaformis
coregonus makwi
whitefish, lake
Coregonus clupeaformis
kiyi
Coregonus kiyi
south american silverside
Chilean silverside
Odontesthes regia
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt in Humboldt and Valenciennes, 1821)
Odontesthes regia (Humboldt, 1821)
argentine silverside
chilean silverside
odontesthes regia
silverside, south american
Odontesthes regia
Metacarcinus edwardsii
The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is a variety of a species of thistle cultivated as a food. The edible portion of the plant consists of the flower buds before the flowers come into bloom.
MANSFELD:31795
PLANTS:CYCA
PLANTS:CYSC2
French artichoke plant
artichoke
cynara cardunculus
cynara scolymus
globe artichoke
globe artichoke plant
green artichoke plant
Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara scolymus L.
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus
urial
Ovis vignei
Cirrhinus
walking catfish
Clarias batrachus
silver gemfish
CEC1993:939
common gemfish
eastern gemfish
hake
king barracouta
silver gemfish
silver kingfish
southern kingfish
Rexea solandri
Rexea solandri (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1831 )
Rexea solandri (Cuvier, 1832)
rexea solandri
Rexea solandri
Portuninae
Cynoglossinae
Cynoglossinae <bony fishes>
Morchella sp. Mel_15
Morchella angusticeps
oriental sweetlips
Plectorhinchus orientalis
shagbark hickory
Carya ovata
The Chinese Chestnut (*Castanea mollissima*) is a species of chestnut native to China. The fruit is a densely spiny cupule 4-8 cm diameter, containing two or three glossy brown nuts.
chinese chestnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Chinese_chestnut
MANSFELD:17775
PLANTS:CAMO83
Chinese chestnut
Castanea mollissima Blume
castanea mollissima
chinese hairy chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *CHINESE CHESTNUT [B2416]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Castanea mollissima
american beech plant
PLANTS:FAGR
American beech
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.
fagus grandifolia
LanguaL curation note: When indexing beech nut index both *AMERICAN BEECH [B4249]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Fagus grandifolia
macadamia nut
Macadamia integrifolia
Eumetazoa
Cambarus
ayu
CEC1993:263
ayu
Plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis
new zealand long-finned eel
New Zealand longfin eel
Anguilla dieffenbachii
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray 1842
Anguilla dieffenbachii Gray, 1842
anguilla dieffenbachii
new zealand longfin eel
Anguilla dieffenbachii
Pholiota nameko
indian frankincense plant
PLANTS:BOSE5
Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr.
boswellia
boswellia serrata
Boswellia serrata
Donax variabilis
Psammobiidae
Hiatellidae
Panopea
Acanthopleura
european sturgeon
sturgeon
Acipenser sturio
Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser sturio
common sturgeon
sturgeon
Acipenser sturio
red flying squid
Ommastrephes bartramii
Sepioteuthis australis
black snapper
black snapper
Apsilus dentatus
Apsilus dentatus Guichenot, 1853
apsilus dentatus
Apsilus dentatus
blue ring octopus
Hapalochlaena maculosa (Hoyle, 1883)
hapalochlaena maculosa
octopus maculosus
Hapalochlaena maculosa
Midas cichlid
red devil
red devil cichlid
Amphilophus citrinellus
blacktip shark
Carcharhinus limbatus
An annual vine in the cucumber and melon family.
horned melon plant
WIKIPEDIA:Cucumis_metuliferus
PLANTS:CUME3
African horned cucumber plant
African horned melon
African horned melon plant
English tomato plant
cherie plant
cucumis metuliferus
hedged gourd plant
jelly melon plant
melano plant
Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud.
Cucumis metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin
kiwano plant
Cucumis metuliferus
fringe-barbel sturgeon
fringebarbel sturgeon
Acipenser nudiventris
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828
Acipenser nudiventris Lovetzky, 1828
acipenser nudiventris
ship
Acipenser nudiventris
beluga
CEC1993:137
beluga
Huso huso
Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758)
huso huso
Huso huso
Chinese swordfish
Psephurus gladius
gould's goanna
Gould's goanna
Varanus gouldii (Gray, 1838)
varanus gouldii
Varanus gouldii
Yangtze sturgeon
Acipenser dabryanus
danube salmon
CEC1993:240
huchen
Hucho hucho
Hucho hucho (Linnaeus, 1758)
hucho hucho
Hucho hucho
arctic hare
Arctic hare
Lepus arcticus Ross, 1819
Lepus arcticus
heavybeak parrotfish
Chlorurus gibbus
manybar goatfish
Parupeneus multifasciatus
olympia flat oyster
CEC1993:1338
Ostrea lurida
Ostrea lurida Carpenter
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
ostrea lurida
western oyster
yaquina oyster
Ostrea lurida
Volga pikeperch
Sander volgensis
*Pinus sibirica*, or Siberian pine, in the family Pinaceae is a species of pine tree that occurs in Siberia. The seeds are also harvested and sold as pine nuts, which in Russia are marketed as Cedar nuts. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_sibirica]
siberian pine plant
PLANTS:PISI3
Siberian pine
Pinus sibirica Du Tour
pinus sibirica
Pinus sibirica
Cyprinus carpio carpio
Macrourinae
smooth rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
rough-head whiptail
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite 1911
Caelorinchus aspercephalus Waite, 1911
caelorinchus aspercephalus
Coelorinchus aspercephalus
kaiyomaru rattail
Eschmeyer, Catalog of the Genera of recent Fishes, California Academy of Sciences, 1990, p.458. Scientific name verifiable, common name unverified.
Campbell whiptail
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai & Iwamoto 1979
Caelorinchus kaiyomaru Arai and Iwamoto, 1979
caelorinchus kaiyomaru
Coelorinchus kaiyomaru
The ridge scaled rattail, *Macrourus carinatus*, is a rattail of the genus *Macrourus*, found in the Great Southern Ocean at depths of between 200 and 1,200 m. Its length is between 30 to 65 cm, although Fishbase records lengths up to 1 m.
ridge scaled rattail
WIKIPEDIA:Macrourus_carinatus
ridge scaled rattail
Macrourus carinatus (Günther 1878)
Macrourus carinatus (Günther, 1878)
Macrourus carinatus Günther, 1878
macrourus carinatus
Macrourus carinatus
southern codling
Urophycis floridana
spotted codling
Urophycis regia
red breast cichlid
Cribroheros longimanus
Hypsophrys
Monostroma
Quinoa (*Chenopodium quinoa*) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Because it is not a grass, it is a pseudocereal rather than a true cereal. Quinoa is closely related to the edible plants beetroot, spinach, and amaranth (*Amaranthus* spp.), another pseudocereal which it closely resembles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinoa]
quinoa plant
MANSFELD:410
PLANTS:CHQU
quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa Willd.
chenopodium quinoa
Chenopodium quinoa
turban shells
Turbinidae
Turbo
Turbo <genus>
Turbo cornutus
Aframomum melegueta is a species in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and closely related to cardamom. Its seeds are used as a spice (ground or whole).
grains-of-paradise plant
WIKIPEDIA:Aframomum_melegueta
MANSFELD:3309
PLANTS:AFME
Aframomum melegueta K. Schum.
Aframomum melegueta K.Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schum.
Aframomum melegueta Schumann
aframomum melegueta
amomum granum-paradisii
amomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta
boldo plant
PLANTS:PEBO5
Peumus boldus Molina
peumus boldus
Peumus boldus
Ostorhinchus
Sepiola rondeletii
Actaea racemosa
Zeus
european john dory
CEC1993:518
FDA.RFE.2010:94
Atlantic John dory
John dory
doorkeeper's fish
Zeus faber
Zeus faber Linnaeus, 1758
galilee fish
st. peter's fish
zeus faber
zeus japonicus
Zeus faber
longhead dab
longhead dab
Limanda proboscidea
Limanda proboscidea Gilbert 1896
Limanda proboscidea Gilbert, 1896
dab, longhead
limanda proboscidea
Myzopsetta proboscidea
Alaska plaice (*Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus*) is a saltwater fish that live in the North Pacific Ocean. Like most flatfish, they live on the bottom of the continental shelf, up to 600 metres deep. Their geographic range is from the Gulf of Alaska in the east, to the Chukchi Sea in the north, to the Sea of Japan in the west.
alaska plaice
WIKIPEDIA:Pleuronectes_quadrituberculatus
CEC1993:1132
Alaska plaice
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus Pallas, 1814
pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus
whitefin sharksucker
Echeneis neucratoides
Percinae
Anabantidae
climbing perch
CEC1993:1028
climbing perch
Anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)
Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1795)
anabas testudineus
Anabas testudineus
One of the largest species in the family Channidae, capable of growing to 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in length and a weight of 20 kg (44 lb).
giant snakehead
CEC1993:550
Channa micropeltes
giant mudfish
giant snakehead
Channa micropeltes
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831)
Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831)
indonesian snakehead
Channa micropeltes
*Channa striata*, the striped snakehead, is a species of snakehead fish. It is also known as the common snakehead, chevron snakehead and snakehead murrel. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced to some Pacific Islands. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channa_striata]
striped snakehead
banded snakehead
chevron snakehead
snakehead murrel
striped snakehead
Channa striata
Channa striata (Bloch, 1793)
channa
channa striata
ophicephalus striatus
snakehead murrel
Channa striata
gila trout
Gila trout
Oncorhynchus gilae
Oncorhynchus gilae (Miller, 1950)
oncorhynchus gilae
Oncorhynchus gilae
Triportheus albus
Great-tailed grackle
Quiscalus mexicanus
kumakuma
piraiba
Brachyplatystoma filamentosum
small scale mud carp
Cirrhinus microlepis
Cyclocheilichthys enoplos
giant barb
Catlocarpio siamensis
florida crayfish
Procambarus alleni (Faxon 1884)
Procambarus alleni (Faxon, 1884)
procambarus alleni
Procambarus alleni
Chlamys rubida
rock shrimps
Sicyoniidae
witch prawn
Melicertus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
Penaeus canaliculatus (Olivier, 1811)
melicertus canaliculatus
penaeus canaliculatus
Penaeus canaliculatus
northern pink shrimp
CEC1993:1204
pink shrimp
Farfantepenaeus duorarum
Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939)
Penaeus duorarum Burkenroad, 1939
farfantepenaeus duorarum
penaeus duorarum
shrimp, pink
Penaeus duorarum
green tiger prawn
CEC1993:1213
Penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844
Penaeus semisulcatus de Haan, 1844
penaeus semisulcatus
Penaeus semisulcatus
northern white shrimp
CEC1993:1214
white shrimp
Litopenaeus setiferus
Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767)
litopenaeus setiferus
penaeus setiferus
white shrimp
Penaeus setiferus
molluscs
mollusks
Mollusca
*Actinidia arguta* (hardy kiwi) is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, Northern China, and Russian Siberia. It produces a small fruit resembling the kiwifruit.
kiwiberry
PLANTS:ACAR10
Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.
actinidia arguta
arctic kiwi
baby kiwi
cocktail kiwi
grape kiwi
hardy kiwi
hardy kiwifruit
The fruit are referred to as hardy kiwifruit, kiwi berry, arctic kiwi, baby kiwi, dessert kiwi, grape kiwi, northern kiwi, or cocktail kiwi, and are edible, berry- or grape-sized fruit similar to kiwifruit in taste and appearance, but are green, brownish, or purple with smooth skin, sometimes with a red blush. Often sweeter than the kiwifruit, hardy kiwifruit can be eaten whole and do not need to be peeled. Thin-walled, its exterior is smooth and leathery. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidia_arguta
Actinidia arguta
gastropods
Gastropoda
abalones
Haliotidae
common prawn
CEC1993:1234
Palaemon serratus
Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777)
leander serratus
palaemon serratus
Palaemon serratus
Haliotis
pink abalone
abalone
pink abalone
Haliotis corrugata
Haliotis corrugata Gray, 1828
Haliotis corrugata W. Wood, 1828
haliotis corrugata
Haliotis corrugata
Yaqui catfish
Ictalurus pricei
red abalone
California red abalone
red abalone
Haliotis rufescens
Haliotis rufescens Swainson, 1822
haliotis rufescens
Haliotis rufescens
black abalone
black abalone
Haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii Leach, 1814
haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii
green abalone
green abalone
Haliotis fulgens
Haliotis fulgens Philippi, 1845
haliotis fulgens
southern green abalone
Haliotis fulgens
pinto abalone
Haliotis kamtschatkana
Haliotis kamtschatkana Jonas, 1845
haliotis kamtschatkana
Haliotis kamtschatkana
white abalone
white abalone
Haliotis sorenseni
Haliotis sorenseni Bartsch, 1940
haliotis sorenseni
Haliotis sorenseni
lindens
Tilia
flat abalone
flat abalone
Haliotis walallensis
Haliotis walallensis Stearns, 1899
haliotis walallensis
Haliotis walallensis
Agrocybe cylindracea
Tremella fuciformis
top shells
Trochidae
Lyophyllum decastes
horn shells
Potamididae
southern rays bream
Brama australis
Dendrocnide
Neogastropoda
crown conchs
Melongenidae
mexican golden trout
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham & Gard 1964)
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Needham and Gard, 1964)
oncorhynchus chrysogaster
Oncorhynchus chrysogaster
Busycon
velvet belly
CEC1993:60
velvet belly lantern shark
Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758)
black centrina
etmopterus spinax
lantern shark
Etmopterus spinax
Fasciolariidae
Haliporoides
Haliporoides sibogae
brill
CEC1993:1162
brill
Scophthalmus rhombus
Scophthalmus rhombus (Linnaeus, 1758)
scophthalmus rhombus
Scophthalmus rhombus
yellowstripe goatfish
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
Helicidae
Helix
Garden snail is the common name for the species Cornu aspersum (formerly *Helix aspersa*), a land snail. As such it is a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most commonly familiar land snails.
garden snail
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_aspersum
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/269px-Snail-wiki-120-Zachi-Evenor.jpg
Cornu aspersum
brown garden snail
brown garden snail
Helix aspersa Muller, 1774
Helix aspersa
Cornu aspersum
*Lepidium campestre* (field pepperwort or field pepperweed) is an annual plant in the *Brassicaceae* or mustard family, native to Europe, but commonly found in North America as an invasive weed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_campestre]
field cress plant
PLANTS:LECA5
bastard cress
field peppergrass
field pepperweed
pepperwort
Lepidium campestre (L.) Ait. f.
Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br.
Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton
Lepidium campestre (L.) W.T. Aiton
cream-anther field pepperwort
field peppergrass plant
field pepperweed plant
field pepperwort plant
lepidium campestre
Lepidium campestre
Escargot is the common name of Helix pomatia, a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae.
escargot
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg/320px-Helix_pomatia_89a.jpg
Burgundy snail
Roman snail
Roman snail
edible snail
edible snail
Helix pomatia
Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758
helix pomatia
Helix pomatia
bivalves
Bivalvia
Pteriomorphia
Mytilidae
Mytilus
*Momordica dioica*, Bristly Balsam Pear, commonly known as spiny gourd or spine gourd and also known as prickly carolaho, Teasle gourd, kantola, is a species of flowering plant in the gourd family. It is used as a vegetable in all regions of India and some parts in South Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momordica_dioica]
spine gourd plant
PLANTS:MODI8
kaksa
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd.
momordica dioica
Momordica dioica
california mussel
California mussel
Mytilus californianus
Mytilus californianus Conrad, 1837
mytilus californianus
Mytilus californianus
blue mussel
CEC1993:1360
blue mussel
edible mussel
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758
common mussel
edible mussel
mytilus edulis
Mytilus edulis
northern blue mussel
bay mussel
common blue mussel
Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850
foolish mussel
mytilus trossulus
Mytilus trossulus
ark shells
Arcidae
Anadara
*Alcea rosea* (common hollyhock) is an ornamental plant in the *Malvaceae* family. In herbal medicine, Hollyhock is believed to be an emollient and laxative. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcea_rosea]
hollyhock plant
PLANTS:ALRO3
hollyhock
Alcea rosea L.
alcea rosea
common hollyhock
Alcea rosea
caper
caperbush
Capparis spinosa
perforate st. john's-wort plant
PLANTS:HYPE
Hypericum perforatum L.
Hypericum perforatum
Barbatia
oysters
Ostreidae
Crassostrea
eastern oyster
CEC1993:1334
eastern oyster
Crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)
american cupped oyster
american oyster
blue point oyster
crassostrea virginica
Crassostrea virginica
scallops
Pectinidae
Chlamys
Yesso scallop
ezo giant scallop
Mizuhopecten yessoensis
spotted wolffish
CEC1993:907
spotted wolffish
Anarhichas minor
Anarhichas minor Olafsen, 1772
anarhichas minor
Anarhichas minor
sea scallop
CEC1993:1353
sea scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791)
Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1792)
american sea scallop
placopecten magellanicus
Placopecten magellanicus
Pecten
A northeast Atlantic species of scallop, an edible saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Pectinidae. This is the type species of the genus. This species may be conspecific with Pecten jacobaeus, the pilgrim's scallop, which has a much more restricted distribution.
great atlantic scallop
CEC1993:1348
St James shell
escallop
king scallop
Pecten maximus
Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)
coquille saint-jacques
pecten maximus
Pecten maximus
Venerida
surf clams
Mactridae
Spisula
atlantic surfclam
CEC1993:1376
Atlantic surf clam
Atlantic surf-clam
Spisula solidissima
Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817)
bar clam
sea clam
spisula solidissima
surf clam
Spisula solidissima
razor clams
Solenidae
Ensis
venus clams
Veneridae
sunray venus
sun-ray clam
sunray clam
Macrocallista nimbosa
Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786)
macrocallista nimbosa
Macrocallista nimbosa
watercress
Nasturtium officinale
Mercenaria
northern quahog
CEC:1380
northern quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758)
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
cherrystone clam
clam, cherrystone
hardshell
littleneck
mercenaria mercenaria
venus mercenaria
Mercenaria mercenaria
Heteroconchia
lemon grass
Cymbopogon citratus
Myidae
softshell clam
CEC1993:1398
softshell
Mya arenaria
Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758
maninose clam
mya arenaria
steamer
Mya arenaria
cephalopods
Cephalopoda
Coleoidea
*Jasminum sambac*, the Arabian jasmine, is a species of jasmine native to a small region in the eastern Himalayas in Bhutan and neighbouring India and Pakistan. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_sambac]
arabian jasmine plant
PLANTS:JASA
Arabian jasmine
Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton
jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac
cuttlefish
cuttlefishes
Sepiidae
Sepia
common cuttlefish
CEC1993:1401
common cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis Linnaeus, 1758
sepia officinalis
Sepia officinalis
kingklip
Genypterus capensis
Morchella tomentosa
smalleye hammerhead
great hammerhead
smalleye hammerhead
Sphyrna tudes
Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822)
hammerhead, smalleye
shark, smalleye hammerhead
sphyrna tudes
Sphyrna tudes
freshwater mullet
mountain mullet
Agonostomus monticola
black chokeberry
Aronia melanocarpa
Loliginidae
Loligo
roughy
sandpaper fish
Paratrachichthys trailli
Paratrachichthys trailli (Hutton, 1875)
hoplostethus
paratrachichthys
sandpaper fish
Paratrachichthys trailli
common squid
CEC1993:1408
Loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck 1798
Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1798
loligo vulgaris
Loligo vulgaris
arrow squids
Ommastrephidae
Illex
argentine shortfin squid
CEC1993:1410
Argentinian squid
Illex argentinus
Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960)
illex argentinus
Illex argentinus
northern shortfin squid
CEC1993:1412
Illex illecebrosus
Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821)
illex illecebrosus
Illex illecebrosus
Nototodarus
gould's flying squid
Gould's flying squid
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy 1888)
Nototodarus gouldi (McCoy, 1888)
nototodarus gouldi
Nototodarus gouldi
Italian parsley
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill var. neapolitanum Danert
broadleaved parsley
petrosellinum crispum var. neapolitanum
Petroselinum crispum Neapolitanum Group
Todarodes
japanese flying squid
CEC1993:1414
Japanese flying squid
Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup, 1880)
todarodes pacificus
Todarodes pacificus
climbing fig plant
PLANTS:FIPU2
climbing fig
creeping fig
creeping rubber plant
Ficus pumila L.
ficus pumila
Ficus pumila
Eledone
white octopus
CEC:1417
musky octopus
Eledone moschata (Lamarck 1798)
Eledone moschata (Lamarck, 1798)
eledone moschata
Eledone moschata
Octopus
nyala
MSW3:14200727
nyala
Tragelaphus angasii Angas, 1848
Tragelaphus angasii Gray, 1849
tragelaphus angasii
Tragelaphus angasii
suni
Neotragus moschatus
klipspringer
Oreotragus oreotragus
common octopus
CEC:1421
common octopus
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier 1797
Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797
octopus vulgaris
Octopus vulgaris
Octopodidae
chitons
Polyplacophora
Chitonida
blue-lined goatfish
Upeneichthys lineatus
crustaceans
Crustacea
Branchiopoda
creosote bush
Larrea tridentata
Cynoscion albus
Cynoscion jamaicensis
Cynoscion reticulatus
Cynoscion othonopterus
Isopisthus
Isopisthus remifer
durian tree (Durio zibethinus)
durian tree
MANSFELD:25525
PLANTS:DUZI
durian
Durio zibethinus L.
Durio zibethinus Murray
durio zibethinus
Durio zibethinus
lipstick tree family
Bixaceae
annatto plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:BIOR
achiote
annatto
arnatto
lipstick tree
roucou
urucum
Bixa orellana L.
annato
arnatto
lipsticktree
Bixa orellana
Cochlospermum
Krameriaceae
Krameria
red-brown ark
Barbatia cancellaria
Barbatia cancellaria (Lamarck, 1819)
barbatia cancellaria
Barbatia cancellaria
summer flounder
CEC1993:1105
summer flounder
Paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
flounder, summer
paralichthys dentatus
Paralichthys dentatus
Cirripedia
Balanus
Eucarida
Decapoda
Dendrobranchiata
penaeid shrimps
Penaeidae
giant tiger prawn
CEC1993:1210
black tiger shrimp
giant tiger prawn
tiger prawn
Penaeus monodon
Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798
black tiger prawn
penaeus monodon
tiger shrimp
Penaeus monodon
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, formerly Penaeus vannamei), is a variety of prawn of the eastern Pacific Ocean commonly caught or farmed for food.
whiteleg shrimp
CEC1993:1216
Litopenaeus vannamei
Pacific white shrimp
Pacific white shrimp
Vannamei prawn
Vannamei shrimp
king prawn
white Pacific shrimp
white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)
Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
pacific white shrimp
penaeus vannamei
Penaeus vannamei
Farfantepenaeus aztecus is a species of marine penaeid shrimps found around the east coast of the USA and Mexico
Dalia AlGhamdi
brown shrimp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farfantepenaeus_aztecus
brown shrimp
Penaeus aztecus
white catfish
white catfish
Ameiurus catus
Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus, 1758)
ictalurus catus
Ameiurus catus
yellow bullhead
yellow bullhead
Ameiurus natalis
Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819)
catfish, yellow bullhead
ictalurus natalis
yellow catfish
Ameiurus natalis
blue catfish
FDA.RFE.2010:22
blue catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840)
Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
catfish, blue
ictalurus furcatus
Ictalurus furcatus
*Artemisia pontica*, the Roman wormwood or small absinthe, is an herb used in the production of absinthe and vermouth. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_pontica]
roman wormwood plant
IT IS:35487
PLANTS:ARPO4
Artemisia pontica L.
artemisia pontica
Artemisia pontica
Pleocyemata
Caridea
palaemonid shrimps
Palaemonidae
Macrobrachium
Koenigia alaskana
An omnivorous bottom dwelling fresh water prawn. Common name of this prawn is monsoon river prawn.
moonsoon river prawn
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii
monsoon river-prawn
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1844)
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1844)
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii
A species of flowering plant in the willow family, it is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska, Yukon, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The species is also found in northern British Columbia, and occurs in Russia.
tealeaf willow plant
WIKIPEDIA:Salix_pulchra
Salix pulchra* is one of the least bitter-tasting willows in Alaska, and in the springtime, young leaves may be harvested for human consumption. The leaves and shoots were eaten by the Eskimo raw and dried, or stored in seal oil for future use. The leaves were also used to brew tea and make soup. At Nunivak Island, parts of this plant were chewed to treat ailments such as mouth sores and pain. This willow also provides a good source of vitamin C.
PLANTS:SAPU15
diamondleaf willow
salix pulchra
tealeaf willow
thin red willow
Salix pulchra Cham.
Salix pulchra
Vanilla x tahitensis
Vanilla x tahitensis
pandalid shrimps
Pandalidae
Pandalus
northern shrimp
CEC1993:1224
northern red shrimp
northern shrimp
Pandalus borealis
Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838
Pandalus borealis Krøyer, 1838
cold-water prawn
coldwater prawn
deepwater prawn
pandalus borealis
Pandalus borealis
clawed lobsters
Nephropidae
Homarus
american lobster
CEC1993:1303
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837
Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837
homarus americanus
northern lobster
Homarus americanus
european lobster
CEC1993:1304
European lobster
Homarus gammarus
Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus europaeus
astacus marinus
cancer gammarus
homarus gammarus
homarus marinus
homarus vulgaris
Homarus gammarus
Benthophilinae
Ponticolini
bronze whaler
cocktail shark
copper shark
narrow-tooth shark
Carcharhinus brachyurus
true lobsters and crayfishes
Astacidea
Astacidae
Astacus
*Astacus astacus*, the European crayfish, noble crayfish or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe. Like other crayfish, The European crayfish is restricted to freshwater, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers and lakes. It is found from France throughout central Europe, to the Balkan peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and the western parts of the former Soviet Union.
*Astacus astacus* is susceptible to the crayfish plague carried by the invasive American species *Pacifastacus leniusculus*, and is therefore listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Citation: Sket, B. 1996. Astacus astacus.
In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 26 January 2007.
noble crayfish
WIKIPEDIA:Astacus_astacus
CEC1993:1263
broad-fingered crayfish
noble crayfish
Astacus astacus (Linnaeus, 1758)
astacus astacus
braod-fingered crayfish
european crayfish
Astacus astacus
Pacifastacus
Cherax
Cherax destructor
crayfish
Astacoidea
Cambaridae
Procambarus
red swamp crayfish
red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)
crawfish, red swamp
louisiana crawfish
louisiana crayfish
procambarus clarkii
Procambarus clarkii
spiny lobsters
Palinuridae
Palinurus
Panulirus
California spiny lobster
Panulirus interruptus
japanese spiny lobster
Japanese spiny lobster
Panulirus japonicus
Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824)
panulirus japonicus
Panulirus japonicus
caribbean spiny lobster
WIKIPEDIA:Panulirus_argus
CEC1993:1256
Caribbean spiny lobster
Panulirus argus
Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804)
florida lobster
panulirus argus
Panulirus argus
hermit crabs
Anomura
stone and king crabs
Lithodidae
Paralithodes
red king crab
Kamchatka crab
red king crab
Paralithodes camtschaticus
Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815)
alaska deepsea crab
japanese crab
king crab
paralithodes camtschaticus
Paralithodes camtschaticus
Paguroidea
short-tailed crabs
true crabs
Brachyura
rock crabs
Cancridae
Cancer
edible rock crab
CEC1993:1276
edible crab
rock crab
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758
cancer pagurus
edible crab
Cancer pagurus
Rhinichthys
Semotilus
creek chub
Semotilus atromaculatus
atlantic rock crab
CEC1993:1274
Atlantic rock crab
Cancer irroratus
Cancer irroratus Say, 1817
cancer irroratus
Cancer irroratus
swimming crabs
Portunidae
Carcinus
common shore crab
green crab
Carcinus maenas
mangrove crabs
mud crabs
Scylla
*Scylla serrata* is an economically important species of crab found in the estuaries and mangroves of Africa, Australia and Asia.
scylla serrata
black crab
mangrove crab
mud crab
CEC1993:1288
EC:No 216/2009 MUD
Indo-Pacific swamp crab
Samoan crab
giant mud crab
mud crab
scylla serrata
Scylla serrata
Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775)
Scylla serrata (Forsskål, 1775)
scylla spp.
swimming crab
Scylla serrata
Callinectes
blue crab
CEC1993:1281
FDA.RFE.2010:6
blue crab
Callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus M. J. Rathbun, 1896
Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896
callinectes sapidus
Callinectes sapidus
land crabs
Gecarcinidae
Amanita caesarea
Portunoidea
deepsea crabs
Geryonidae
The California Quail, *Callipepla californica*, also known as the California Valley Quail or Valley Quail, is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is the state bird of California.
california quail
WIKIPEDIA:California_Quail
California quail
Callipepla californica (Shaw, 1798)
callipepla californica
Callipepla californica
mud crabs
Xanthoidea
Xanthidae
Menippe
black stone crab
florida stone crab
CEC1993:1279
Florida stone crab
Menippe mercenaria
Menippe mercenaria (Say, 1818)
black stone crab
menippe
menippe mercenaria
stone crab
Menippe mercenaria
Dromiidae
hairy sponge crab
Cryptodromiopsis antillensis (Stimpson, 1858)
cryptodromiopsis antillensis
decorator crab
velvet crab
Zanthoxylum
winged prickly-ash
Zanthoxylum armatum
Dama gazelle
Nanger dama
*Crescentia alata* (variously called Mexican Calabash, Jicaro, Morrito, Winged Calabash) is a species in the trumpet-flower family *Bignoniaceae*, native to southern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The seeds are edible and high in protein with a licorice-like sweet taste, used in Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua to make a kind of horchata called Semilla de Jicaro.
morrito plant
WIKIPEDIA:Morro_seed
PLANTS:CRAL11
Crescentia alata Kunth
crescentia alata
jicaro
morro
tecomate
Crescentia alata
Majoidea
spider crabs
Majidae
Euphausiidae
Euphausia
antarctic krill
CEC1993:1190
Euphausia superba Dana, 1852
euphausia spp.
euphausia superba
krill, antarctic
Euphausia superba
batchwa vacha
hopealohimonni
Eutropiichthys vacha
norway lobster
CEC1993:1306
Norway lobster
Nephrops norvegicus
Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
langoustine
nephrops norvegicus
scampi
Nephrops norvegicus
mrigala
Cirrhinus mrigala
Moschus
nursehound
CEC1993:33
nursehound
Scyliorhinus stellaris
Scyliorhinus stellaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
greater spotted dogfish
large spotted dogfish
scyliorhinus stellaris
squalus stellaris
Scyliorhinus stellaris
siamese crocodile
CEC1993:1486
Siamese crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801
crocodylus siamensis
siamese freshwater crocodile
Crocodylus siamensis
grinners and others
Aulopiformes
Dicroglossidae
Macrourus
white sapote plant
PLANTS:CAED6
Mexican-apple
matasano
white sapote
Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex.
Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.
casimiroa edulis
Casimiroa edulis
smalltooth sawfish
wide sawfish
Pristis pectinata
buccaneer anchovy
Encrasicholina punctifer
Hydnum repandum
indian lettuce plant
PLANTS:LAIN13
Lactuca indica L.
lactuca indica
Boletales
chola guitarfish
CEC1993:74
Chola guitarfish
Rhinobatos percellens (Walbaum, 1792)
Rhinobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792
rhinobatos percellens
Pseudobatos percellens
Adansonia
baobab plant
PLANTS:ADDI3
baobab
Adansonia digitata L.
adansonia digitata
adansonia somalensis
adansonia sphaerocarpa
adansonia sulcata
dead-rat tree
monkey-bread tree
upside-down tree
Adansonia digitata
New World silversides
Atherinidae
Ethmidium
peruvian menhaden
CEC1993:173
Pacific menhaden
Ethmidium maculatum
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847)
brevoortia maculate chilcae
ethmidium chilcae
ethmidium maculatum
machuelo
Ethmidium maculatum
Indian river shad
Gudusia chapra
Vaccinium corymbosum, the northern highbush blueberry, is a North American species of blueberry which has become a food crop of significant economic importance.
highbush blueberry plant
MANSFELD:1753
PLANTS:VACO
American blueberry
american blueberry
highbush blueberry
highbush blueberry
southern blueberry
swamp blueberry
vaccinium corymbosum
vaccinium formosum (non acceptable)
Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Vaccinium corymbosum
sticklebacks & tubesnouts
Gasterosteidae
mountain nyala
MSW3:14200728
mountain nyala
Tragelaphus buxtoni (Lydekker, 1910)
Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker, 1910
tragelaphus buxtoni
Tragelaphus buxtoni
bongo
Tragelaphus eurycerus
large-scale mullet
largescaled mullet
Parachelon grandisquamis
Onocleaceae
rock-rose family
Cistaceae
Cistus
Caenogastropoda
Patellogastropoda
Lottiidae
hollow-shelled snails
Ellobiidae
Strombidae
Strombus
colorado snapper
colorado snapper
pargo colorado
pargo rojo
Lutjanus colorado
Lutjanus colorado Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
Lutjanus colorado Jordan and Gilbert, 1882
lutjanus colorado
snapper, colorado
Lutjanus colorado
ide
CEC1993:337
ide
orfe
silver orfe
Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758)
golden orfes
leuciscus idus
Leuciscus idus
Orthoptera
silver catfish
Schilbe mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
schilbe mystus
Schilbe mystus
burbot
CEC1993:446
burbot
Lota lota
Lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758)
lota lota
lota maculosa
Lota lota
house cricket
Acheta domesticus
Acheta domesticus
grasshoppers and locusts
Caelifera
Black sea salmon
Salmo labrax
fantail mullet
fantail mullet
silver mullet
white mullet
Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875
mugil trichodon
mullet, fantail
Mugil trichodon
false herring
false herring
Harengula clupeola
Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829)
false herring
harengula clupeola
Harengula clupeola
redear sardine
redear herring
redear sardine
Harengula humeralis
Harengula humeralis (Cuvier, 1829)
harengula humeralis
redear herring
Harengula humeralis
plumed scorpionfish
plumed scorpionfish
Scorpaena grandicornis
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829
Scorpaena grandicornis Cuvier, 1829
lionfish
scorpaena grandicornis
turkeyfish
Scorpaena grandicornis
scribbled goby
Awaous guamensis
*Sepiola atlantica*, also known as the Atlantic bobtail, is a species of bobtail squid native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean (65ºN to 35ºN), from Iceland, the Faroe Islands and western Norway to the Moroccan coast. There is a single record of this species from the Mediterranean Sea.
atlantic bobtail
WIKIPEDIA:Sepiola_atlantica
Sepiola atlantica D'Orbigny, 1839-1842
Sepiola atlantica dOrbigny, 1839
little cuttle
sepiola atlantica
Sepiola atlantica
arctic grayling
Arctic grayling
Thymallus arcticus
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas 1776)
Thymallus arcticus (Pallas, 1776)
thymallus arcticus
Thymallus arcticus
Montiaceae
beetles
Coleoptera
Rastrelliger
indian mackerel
CEC1993:965
Indian mackerel
Rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
rastrelliger kanagurta
Rastrelliger kanagurta
darkling beetles
darkling ground beetles
long-jointed beetles
Tenebrionidae
yellow mealworm
Tenebrio molitor
stargazers
Uranoscopidae
Trophon geversianus
Haustellum
great barracuda
Sphyraena barracuda
butterflies and moths
moths
Lepidoptera
silkworm moths
Bombycidae
Artocarpus camansi
Grylloidea
The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar or imago of the domestic silkmoth, *Bombyx mori* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombyx_mori]
silkmoth
domestic silkworm
silk moth
silkworm
Bombyx mori (Linnaeus)
bombyx mori
silkworm
Bombyx mori
giant anteater
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Oxalidales
Asteridae
asterids
rosids
*Sisymbrium altissimum* is a species of *Sisymbrium*. The plant is native to the western part of the Mediterranean Basin in Europe and Northern Africa and is widely naturalized throughout most of the world, including all of North America.
Edible Parts: Leaves, Seed. Edible Uses: Condiment. Young leaves and shoots - raw or cooked. A somewhat hot flavour, they can be used as a flavouring in salads or cooked as a potherb. Seed - ground into a powder and used as a gruel or as a mustard-like flavouring in soups etc. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sisymbrium+altissimum]
tumble mustard plant
WIKIPEDIA:Sisymbrium_altissimum
PLANTS:SIAL2
tall rocket
Sisymbrium altissimum L.
sisymbrium altissimum
Sisymbrium altissimum
pinkspotted shrimp
pinkspotted shrimp
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817)
Penaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1817
farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
penaeus brasiliensis
Penaeus brasiliensis
caramote prawn
CEC1993:1207
Melicertus kerathurus
Melicertus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål 1775)
Penaeus kerathurus (Forsskål, 1775)
melicertus kerathurus
penaeus caramote
penaeus kerathurus
penaeus trisulcatus
tripple-grooved shrimp
Penaeus kerathurus
banana prawn
CEC1993:1209
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888)
Penaeus merguiensis De Man, 1888
Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888
fenneropenaeus merguiensis
penaeus merguiensis
Penaeus merguiensis
Prunus persica f. duplex
Prunus persica f. scleropersica
pacific anchoveta
CEC1993:209
Pacific anchoveta
Pacific anchovy
Cetengraulis mysticetus
Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)
cetengraulis mystecetus
Cetengraulis mysticetus
The White ginger lily (*Hedychium coronarium*) is originally from the Himalayas region of Nepal and India where it is known as dolan champa.
white ginger plant
WIKIPEDIA:Hedychium_coronarium
PLANTS:HECO11
Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig
Hedychium coronarium Koenig
hedychium coronarium
Hedychium coronarium
acerola plant
MANSFELD:14412
PLANTS:MAGL6
Barbados cherry
acerola
huesito
Malpighia glabra L.
barbados cherry
malpighia glabra
malpighia marginata
west indian cherry
Malpighia glabra
*Pinus gerardiana*, known as the chilgoza pine, is a pine native to the northwestern Himalayas
Chilgoza pine is well known for its edible pine nuts, rich in carbohydrates and proteins. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana]
chilgoza pine plant
PLANTS:PIGE2
Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don
chilghoza pine
gerard's pine
pinus gerardiana
Pinus gerardiana
saccharomyceta
leotiomyceta
Coprinopsis atramentaria
Hypsizygus ulmarius
blusher
Amanita rubescens
Fabales
Eumalacostraca
Syngnathidae
Hippocampus
pacific ocean perch
CEC1993:1059
FDA.RFE.2010:66
Pacific ocean perch
Sebastes alutus
Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes alutus
Sebastes alutus
kelp rockfish
Sebastes atrovirens
brown rockfish
Sebastes auriculatus
aurora rockfish
Sebastes aurora
redbanded rockfish
Sebastes babcocki
silvergray rockfish
Sebastes brevispinis
false jacopever
Sebastes capensis
gopher rockfish
Sebastes carnatus
copper rockfish
Sebastes caurinus
greenspotted rockfish
Sebastes chlorostictus
dusky rockfish
Sebastes ciliatus
starry rockfish
Sebastes constellatus
darkblotched rockfish
Sebastes crameri
splitnose rockfish
splitnose rockfish
Sebastes diploproa
Sebastes diploproa (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes diploproa
Sebastes diploproa
greenstriped rockfish
Sebastes elongatus
Puget Sound rockfish
Sebastes emphaeus
swordspine rockfish
Sebastes ensifer
widow rockfish
CEC1993:1061
FDA.RFE.2010:69
widow rockfish
Sebastes entomelas
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes entomelas (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, widow
sebastes entomelas
Sebastes entomelas
pink rockfish
Sebastes eos
yellowtail rockfish
CEC1993:1062
FDA.RFE.2010:70
yellowtain rockfish
Sebastes flavidus
Sebastes flavidus (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, yellowtail
sebastes flavidus
Sebastes flavidus
bronzespotted rockfish
Sebastes gilli
chilipepper (fish)
FDA.RFE.2010:71
chilipepper
Sebastes goodei
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes goodei (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
sebastes goodei
Sebastes goodei
rosethorn rockfish
Sebastes helvomaculatus
squarespot rockfish
Sebastes hopkinsi
shortbelly rockfish
Sebastes jordani
freckled rockfish
Sebastes lentiginosus
cowcod
cowcod
Sebastes levis
Sebastes levis (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1889)
sebastes levis
Sebastes levis
quillback rockfish
Sebastes maliger
black rockfish
black rockfish
Sebastes melanops
Sebastes melanops Girard, 1856
rockfish, black
sebastes melanops
Sebastes melanops
blackgill rockfish
Sebastes melanostomus
vermilion rockfish
vermillion rockfish
Sebastes miniatus
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Sebastes miniatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
rockfish, vermilion
sebastes miniatus
Sebastes miniatus
blue rockfish
blue rockfish
Sebastes mystinus
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881)
Sebastes mystinus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1881)
sebastes mystinus
Sebastes mystinus
tiger rockfish
Sebastes nigrocinctus
speckled rockfish
speckled rockfish
Sebastes ovalis
Sebastes ovalis (Ayres, 1862)
rockfish, speckled
sebastes ovalis
Sebastes ovalis
bocaccio
bocaccio
Sebastes paucispinis
Sebastes paucispinis Ayres, 1854
sebastes paucispinis
Sebastes paucispinis
canary rockfish
FDA.RFE.2010:75
canary rockfish
Sebastes pinniger
Sebastes pinniger (Gill, 1864)
rockfish, canary
sebastes pinniger
Sebastes pinniger
grass rockfish
Sebastes rastrelliger
rosy rockfish
Sebastes rosaceus
greenblotched rockfish
Sebastes rosenblatti
yelloweye rockfish
FDA.RFE.2010:77
yelloweye rockfish
Sebastes ruberrimus
Sebastes ruberrimus (Cramer, 1895)
Sebastes ruberrimus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
rockfish, yelloweye
sebastes ruberrimus
Sebastes ruberrimus
flag rockfish
Sebastes rubrivinctus
bank rockfish
bank rockfish
Sebastes rufus
Sebastes rufus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, bank
sebastes rufus
Sebastes rufus
stripetail rockfish
stripetail rockfish
Sebastes saxicola
Sebastes saxicola (Gilbert, 1890)
sebastes saxicola
Sebastes saxicola
olive rockfish
olive rockfish
Sebastes serranoides
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1890)
Sebastes serranoides (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890)
rockfish, olive
sebastes serranoides
Sebastes serranoides
pinkrose rockfish
Sebastes simulator
honeycomb rockfish
Sebastes umbrosus
harlequin rockfish
Sebastes variegatus
pygmy rockfish
Sebastes wilsoni
sharpchin rockfish
Sebastes zacentrus
Sebastolobus alascanus
Scorpaena
California scorpionfish
finscaled scorpionfish
spotted scorpionfish
Scorpaena guttata
Drosophila
fruit flies
fruit fly
Drosophila <flies,genus>
Ziziphus
Potentilleae
Maleae
yellow goatfish
Mulloidichthys martinicus
barred grunt
CEC1993:696
barred grunt
cro-cro grunt
yellow cro-cro
Conodon nobilis
Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
conodon nobilis
Conodon nobilis
Western Atlantic seabream
Archosargus rhomboidalis
striped croaker
Corvula sanctaeluciae
longspine squirrelfish
Holocentrus rufus
checkered puffer
Sphoeroides testudineus
scrawled sole
scrawled sole
Trinectes inscriptus
Trinectes inscriptus (Gosse, 1851)
trinectes inscriptus
Trinectes inscriptus
Pseudomonadales
The Prokaryotes, 2d ed., 1992, v.III, p.2940.
*Artemisia absinthium* (absinthe, absinthium, absinthe wormwood, grand wormwood, wormwood) is a species of *Artemisia* native to temperate regions of Eurasia and Northern Africa and widely naturalized in Canada and the northern United States. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe as well as some other alcoholic beverages.
Damion Dooley
absinthe plant
IT IS:35445
PLANTS:ARAB3
Artemisia absinthium L.
artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium
MANSFELD:32343
French tarragon
tarragon
Artemisia dracunculus
devil ray
Atlantic devil ray
lesser devil ray
small devilfish
Mobula hypostoma
Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831)
mobula hypostoma
Mobula hypostoma
longspine porgy
Stenotomus caprinus
*Senna alexandrina *(Alexandrian senna) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. It is used in herbalism. It grows natively in lower Egypt, especially in the Nubian region, and near Khartoum (Sudan), where it is cultivated commercially. It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and Somalia.
Historically, Senna alexandrina was used in the form of senna pods, or as herbal tea made from the leaves, as a laxative. It also serves as a fungicide. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_alexandrina]
true senna plant
PLANTS:SEAL5
Indian senna
casse
jalelo
Senna alexandrina Mill.
Senna alexandrina P. Mill.
alexandrian senna
senna alexandrina
Senna alexandrina
Murray cray
Euastacus armatus
Cambarinae
An economically important South Asian freshwater fish in the carp family *Cyprinidae*. It is native to rivers and lakes in northern India, Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, but has also been introduced elsewhere in South Asia and is commonly farmed.
catla
Gibelion catla
catla
major Indian carp
major carp
Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822)
Gibelion catla
Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822)
catla catla
Labeo catla
Hexagrammos
redtail surfperch
Amphistichus rhodoterus
Pachygrapsus
mottled shore crab
mottled shore crab
Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850)
african matchbox crab
pachygrapsus transversus
Pachygrapsus transversus
*Tacca leontopetaloides* is a species of flowering plant in the yam family *Dioscoreaceae*, that is native to tropical Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, New Guinea, Samoa, Micronesia, and Fiji. The tubers of Polynesian arrowroot contain starch, making it an important food source for many Pacific Island cultures, primarily for the inhabitants of low islands and atolls. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacca_leontopetaloides]
polynesian arrowrrot plant
PLANTS:TALE2
Polynesian arrowroot
tia
Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze
tacca leontopetaloides
Tacca leontopetaloides
Fulguropsis spirata
Varunidae
Blumea
*Gaultheria shallon* is a leathery-leaved shrub in the heather family (*Ericaceae*), native to western North America. In English, it is known as salal, shallon, or simply gaultheria in Britain. Its dark blue berries and young leaves are both edible and are efficient appetite suppressants, both with a unique flavor. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaultheria_shallon]
salal plant
PLANTS:GASH
salal
shallon
Gaultheria shallon Pursh
gaultheria shallon
shallon
Gaultheria shallon
Hamburg parsley
root parsley
turnip-root parsley
Petroselinum crispum Radicosum Group
Asparagales
Australian sheep blowfly
greenbottle fly
Lucilia cuprina
thornback guitarfish
Platyrhinoidis triseriata
starry skate
CEC1993:99
Raja stellulata
Raja stellulata (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
Raja stellulata Jordan and Gilbert, 1880
raja stellulata
Mexican barracuda
Sphyraena ensis
west coast sole
Austroglossus microlepis
cape dory
Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products.
Cape dory
Zeus capensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835
Zeus capensis Valenciennes, 1835
zeus capensis
Zeus capensis
Carduinae
Centaureinae
Aculeata
Aculeata <wasps, ants & bees>
Ostrea chilensis
Ostrea conchaphila
Himanthaliaceae
*Himanthalia elongata* is a brown alga in the order *Fucales*, also known by the common names thongweed, sea thong and sea spaghetti. It is found in the north east Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea.
According to the World Register of Marine Species, *Himanthalia elongata* is the only member of its genus, *Himanthalia* Lyngbye, 1819 [2] and the only member of its family, *Himanthaliaceae* (Kjellman) De Toni, 1891.
sea thong
WIKIPEDIA:Himanthalia_elongata
Himanthalia elongata
Himanthalia elongata (Linnaeus) S.F. Gray 1821
himanthalia elongata
sea spaghetti
thong weed
Himanthalia elongata
Meretrix
Scorzonerinae
Cilus
chilean croaker
corvina
corvina drum
Cilus gilberti
Cilus gilberti (Abbott 1899)
Cilus gilberti (Abbott, 1899)
chilean grunt
cilus gilberti
corvina
Cilus gilberti
European honey bee
Western honey bee
bee
honey bee
honeybee
Apis mellifera
french rose plant
PLANTS:ROGA
French rose
apothecary rose
red-rose-of-Lancaster
Rosa gallica L.
apothecary rose
hungarian rose
officinal rose
red rose
red-rose-of-lancaster
rosa gallica
Rosa gallica
dog rose plant
PLANTS:ROCA3
dog briar
Rosa canina L.
rosa canina
Rosa canina
*Rosa rugosa* (rugosa rose, beach rose, Japanese rose, or Ramanas rose) is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and southeastern Siberia, where it grows on the coast, often on sand dunes. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_rugosa]
rugosa rose plant
PLANTS:RORU
Japanese rose
Turkestan rose
Rosa rugosa Thunb.
beach rose
japanese rose
rosa rugosa
Rosa rugosa
Amorphophallus
*Tripolium pannonicum*, called sea aster or seashore aster and often known by the synonyms *Aster tripolium* or *Aster pannonicus*, is a flowering plant, native to Eurasia and northern Africa, that is confined in its distribution to salt marshes, estuaries and occasionally to inland salt works. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripolium_pannonicum]
sea aster plant
PLANTS:TRPA26
sea starwort
Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz.
aster pannonicus
aster tripolium
tripolium pannonicum
Tripolium pannonicum
Formicinae
chive
Allium schoenoprasum
chinook salmon
CEC1993:247
FDA.RFE.2010:44
Chinook salmon
king salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum, 1792)
king salmon
oncorhynchus tshawytscha
salmon, chinook
spring salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
short bigeye
Pristigenys alta
yellowfin surgeonfish
Acanthurus xanthopterus
horse-eye jack
horse-eye jack
Caranx latus
Caranx latus Agassiz 1831
Caranx latus Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1831
caranx latus
jack, horse-eye
jurel (horse-eye jack)
Caranx latus
banded butterflyfish
Chaetodon striatus
Chaetodipterus
Chaetodipterus faber
Ctenochaetus
Holacanthus
queen angelfish
Holacanthus ciliaris
luvar
Luvarus imperialis
bluefish
blue fish
Pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766)
pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix
Siganus
pearl-spotted spinefoot
pearly spinefoot
white-spotted rabbitfish
white-spotted spinefoot
Siganus canaliculatus
Zebrasoma
european dewberry plant
PLANTS:RUCA
Rubus caesius L.
rubus caesius
Rubus caesius
*Rubus crataegifolius*, also called Korean raspberry, is a species of raspberry native to East Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubus_crataegifolius]
korean raspberry plant
PLANTS:RUCR5
Rubus crataegifolius Bunge
rubus crataegifolius
Rubus crataegifolius
black raspberry plant
PLANTS:RUOC
black raspberry
Rubus occidentalis L.
rubus occidentalis
Rubus occidentalis
purple-flowered raspberry plant
PLANTS:RUOD
flowering raspberry
Rubus odoratus L.
rubus odoratus
Rubus odoratus
*Rubus phoenicolasius* (Japanese Wineberry, Wineberry, or Wine Raspberry) is a species of raspberry (*Rubus* subgenus *Idaeobatus*) native to northern China, Japan, and Korea. The species was introduced to Europe and North America as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. It has subsequently escaped from cultivation and become naturalised and sometimes invasive in parts of Europe and eastern North America.
wineberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_phoenicolasius
PLANTS:RUPH
Japanese wineberry
duo xian xuan gou zi
wine raspberry
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.
japanese wineberry
rubus phoenicolasius
wine raspberry
Rubus phoenicolasius
*Rubus ulmifolius* is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name zarzamora. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and it is widely known elsewhere as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is a brambly shrub with compound leaves and small, white or pink flowers. The fruit is a blackberry.
elmleaf blackberry plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rubus_ulmifolius
PLANTS:RUUL
Rubus ulmifolius Schott
rubus ulmifolius
thornless blackberry
zarzamora
Rubus ulmifolius
california blackberry plant
PLANTS:RUUR
PLANTS:RUURM
PLANTS:RUURS
PLANTS:RUURU
PLANTS:RUURU2
California blackberry
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl.
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. sirbenus (L.H. Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schltdl. ssp. ursinus var. ursinus
Rubus ursinus ssp. macropetalus (Dougl. ex Hook.) Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus ssp. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
Rubus ursinus subsp. macropetalus (Douglas ex Hook.) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
Rubus ursinus subsp. ursinus
Rubus ursinus var. sirbenus (Bailey) J.T. Howell
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schldl.
Rubus ursinus var. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht.
pacific blackberry
pacific dewberry
rubus ursinus
Rubus ursinus
Cantharellus pallens
Hemiptera
hardheaded sea catfish
Ariopsis felis
Pylodictis
flathead catfish species
flathead catfish
Pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, flathead
pylodictis olivaris
Pylodictis olivaris
Cortinarius caperatus
A species of cyprinid fish native to the Yangtze basin, China, including Liangzi Lake. It is an important object of fish farming, and in 2012 its total production ranked 12th on the world list of most important fish species in aquaculture.
wuchang bream
CEC1993:340
Chinese blunt snout bream
Megalobrama amblycephala
Wuchang bream
blunt snout bream
Megalobrama amblycephala (Yih, 1955)
Megalobrama amblycephala Yih, 1955
Megalobrama amblycephala
A species of cyprinid fish and the sole species of the genus *Mylopharyngodon*. It is native to lakes and rivers in East Asia, ranging from the Amur Basin, through China, to Vietnam. In China, black carp are the most highly esteemed and expensive foodfish among the four domestic fishes.
black carp
CEC1993:341
Mylopharyngodon piceus
black Chinese roach
black carp
Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1845)
Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846)
Mylopharyngodon piceus
brick soldierfish
Myripristis amaena
Achilles tang
redspot surgeonfish
redtail surgeonfish
Acanthurus achilles
red hawaiian porgy
FDA.RFE.2010:12
cockney snapper
eastern snapper
golden snapper
old man red snapper
old man snapper
queen red bream
silver seabream
squirefish
western bream
Chrysophrys auratus
Chrysophrys auratus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
australia red seabream
chrysophrys auratus
porgy, red hawaiian
Pagrus auratus
canadian wild rice plant
PLANTS:ZIAQ
Canadian wild rice
Zizania aquatica L.
annual wild rice
annual wildrice
zizania aquatica
Zizania aquatica
wasabe
Eutrema japonicum
blue-winged teal
bluewinged teal
Spatula discors
echinoderms
Echinodermata
Alaska blackfish are found in swamps, ponds, lakes, and streams with vegetation for cover, in tundra and forested locations not far inland. Their range includes Alaska and the Bering Sea islands. Alaska Natives once ate these fish and fed them to their dogs, catching them in the fall and freezing them for use over winter.
alaska blackfish
WIKIPEDIA:Dallia_pectoralis
Alaska blackfish
Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1880
dallia pectoralis
Dallia pectoralis
prickly lettuce plant
MANSFELD:32046
PLANTS:LASE
compass-plant
prickly lettuce
Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca serriola
striped killifish
Fundulus majalis
medakas, needlefish and others
Beloniformes
flyingfishes
Exocoetidae
Hirundichthys
Hirundichthys <genus>
fourwing flyingfish
Hirundichthys affinis
Echinozoa
old-man-in-the-Spring
Senecio vulgaris
neet (fish)
poor man's tropheus
Neetroplus nematopus Günther, 1867
hypsophrys nematopus
neetroplus nematopus
poor man's tropheus
LanguaL curation note: Renamed from NEAT (FISH), LanguaL 2009 (spelling mistake).
Hypsophrys nematopus
Heliocidaris
red drum
CEC1993:749
FDA.RFE.2010:60
channel bass
red drum
redfish
spottail bass
Sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
sciaenops ocellatus
Sciaenops ocellatus
Boletus edulis var. arcticus
Fimbristylis
sea urchin
CEC1993:1501
Echinus esculentus
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus 1758
Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758
echinus esculentus
evechinus chloroticus
heliocidaris spp.
loxechimus spp.
paracentrotus lividus
pseudocentrotus spp.
strongylocentrotus spp.
Echinus esculentus
Pacific longnose chimaera
bentnose rabbitfish
bigspine spookfish
longnose chimaera
narrownose chimaera
ratfish
Harriotta raleighana
common sea urchin
common urchin
Paracentrotus lividus
rickettsias
Rickettsiales
The Prokaryotes, 2d. Ed, 1992, v.III, p.2401.
Strongylocentrotus
green sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
Northern American river otter
river otter
Lontra canadensis
Echinidea
Echinidae
Pseudocentrotus
Aspidochirotida
Holothuria
black kingklip
Genypterus maculatus
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi 1846)
Genypterus maculatus (Tschudi, 1846)
black cusk-eel
genypterus maculatus
kingklip, black
Genypterus maculatus
Holothuria tubulosa
myxobacteriales
Cytophagales
The Prokaryotes, 2d Ed., 1992, v.IV, p.3631.
Stichopodidae
Parastichopus
Stichopus
Balsas teosinte
teosinte
Zea mays subsp. parviglumis
Cirrhitidae
Cheilodactylidae
Cheilodactylus
Cheilodactylus gibbosus
Nemadactylus
hawkfish
Nemadactylus bergi
Cheilodactylus spectabilis
The porae or blue morwong, *Nemadactylus douglasii*, is a morwong of the genus *Nemadactylus*, found around south eastern Australia and the north eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand at depths of about 10 to 100 metres, on sandy and rocky coasts. Its length is between 40 and 100 cm. Max weight is at least 12 kg.
porae
WIKIPEDIA:Nemadactylus_douglasii
porae
Nemadactylus douglasii
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii (Hector, 1875)
Nemadactylus douglasii Hector, 1875
grey morwong
nemadactylus douglasii
Nemadactylus douglasii
tarakihi
CEC1993:850
tarakihi
Nemadactylus macropterus
Nemadactylus macropterus (Block and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Nemadactylus macropterus (Forster, 1801)
jackass morwong
morwong, jackass
nemadactylus macropterus
Nemadactylus macropterus
round kumquat plant
MANSFELD:7544
PLANTS:FOJA
marumi kumquat
meiwa kumquat
Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle
fortunella japonica
marumi kumquat
Citrus japonica
holothurians
sea cucumbers
Holothuroidea
chordates
Chordata
*Nuphar lutea* (Yellow Water-lily) is an aquatic plant of the family *Nymphaeaceae*, native to temperate regions of Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia. Root - raw or cooked. The root can be soaked in water in order to remove a bitter taste. After long boiling, it has a taste like sheep's liver. The root can also be dried and ground into a powder then used as a thickener in soups, or can be added to cereal flours when making bread, cakes etc. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be roasted, then ground into a powder and eaten raw or used to thicken soups etc. The seed can also be toasted like popcorn. [http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Nuphar+lutea]
yellow pond lily plant
WIKIPEDIA:Nuphar_lutea
Use Food: Native people gathered the thick rootstocks in winter and spring, boiled or roasted them for several hours, then peeled them to expose their sweet, gluey contents. Rootstocks were also sliced, dried and ground into meal or flour. The starchy seeds can be difficult to remove, so the tribes rotted the fruits until the pods became soft. The heated seeds swell like poor-quality popcorn, making a crunchy snack. (Kershaw) [https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=nulu
PLANTS:NULU
brandy-bottle
yellow pond lily
yellow pond-lily
yellow water lily
yellow water-lily
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
nuphar lutea
yellow water-lily
Nuphar lutea
sea squirts
Ascidiacea
Styela
Styela clava
Styela plicata
The green pods and ripe seeds of *Vigna adenantha* are eaten as emergency food. In Liberia the plant is or has been cultivated for its edible tuberous roots, which are cooked and eaten. The tuberous roots are also eaten in times of food scarcity in India. [http://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Vigna_adenantha_(PROTA)]
potato bean plant
PLANTS:VIAD2
Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Marechal et al.
Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stanier
Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier
phaseolus adenanthus
vigna adenantha
wild pea
Leptospron adenanthum
Vertebrata
vertebrates
Vertebrata <vertebrates>
Petromyzontiformes
lampreys
Petromyzontidae
A freshwater lamprey.
river lamprey
CEC1993:4
European river lamprey
Lampetra fluviatilis
european river lamprey
lampern
Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lampetra fluviatilis
sea lamprey
CEC1993:6
marine lamprey
sea lamprey
sea lampreys
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758
petromyzon marinus
Petromyzon marinus
giant goby
CEC1993:1041
giant goby
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1811
Gobius cobitis Pallas, 1814
gobius cobitis
Gobius cobitis
hagfishes
Myxinidae
California hagfish
Pacific hagfish
Eptatretus stoutii
Atlantic hagfish
common hagfish
hagfish
Myxine glutinosa
Gnathostomata
jawed vertebrates
Gnathostomata <vertebrates>
cartilaginous fishes
fish
fishes
Chondrichthyes
elasmobranchs
Elasmobranchii
Raja
thornback ray
thornback ray
Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
raja clavata
Raja clavata
little skate
CEC1993:95
little skate
Leucoraja erinacea
Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825)
Raja erinacea (Mitchill 1852)
Raja erinacea Mitchill, 1825
leucoraja erinacea
raja erinacea
Leucoraja erinacea
Pacific electric ray
Tetronarce californica
Squalus
dogfish
CEC1993:64
spiny dogfish
Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758
dogfish, spiny
greyfish
piked dogfish
spiny dogfish
squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias
Puget Sound dogfish
Squalus suckleyi
sand tigers
Odontaspididae
requiem sharks
Carcharhinidae
gray sharks
Carcharhinus
Parmeliaceae
Iceland moss (*Cetraria islandica*) is a lichen whose erect or ascending foliaceous habit gives it something of the appearance of a moss, whence probably the name. It is often of a pale chestnut color, but varies considerably, being sometimes almost entirely greyish white; and grows to a height of from 3 to 4 in., the branches being channelled or rolled into tubes, which terminate in flattened lobes with fringed edges.
iceland moss
WIKIPEDIA:Cetraria_islandica
PLANTS:CEIS60
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach.
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., 1803
cetraria islandica
iceland lichen
Cetraria islandica
dusky shark
CEC1993:39
dusky shark
Carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)
carcharhinus obscurus
Carcharhinus obscurus
sandbar shark
CEC1993:40
sandbar shark
Carcharhinus plumbeus
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827)
carcharhinus plumbeus
Carcharhinus plumbeus
smalltail shark
smalltail shark
Carcharhinus porosus
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839)
Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1840)
carcharhinus porosus
Carcharhinus porosus
Mustelus
dusky smooth-hound
smooth dogfish
Mustelus canis
Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815)
gummy shark
mustelus canis
smooth dogfish
smooth hound
Mustelus canis
gummy shark
CEC1993:50
gummy shark
Mustelus antarcticus
Mustelus antarcticus Günther, 1870
lemonfish
mustelus antarcticus
Mustelus antarcticus
The blue shark (*Prionace glauca*) is a species of requiem shark, in the family *Carcharhinidae*, that inhabits deep waters in the world's temperate and tropical oceans. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_shark]
blue shark
CEC1993:42
EC:No 216/2009 BSH
blue shark
Prionace glauca
Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Prionace glauca Linnaeus, 1758
prionace glauca
Prionace glauca
passion fruit
PLANTS:PAED
passion fruit
Passiflora edulis Sims
Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis
Passiflora edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O.Deg.
granadilla
passiflora edulis
purple granadilla
Passiflora edulis
tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvier
lemon shark
Negaprion brevirostris
hammerheads
Sphyrna
scalloped hammerhead
scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834)
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834)
hammerhead, scalloped
sphyrna lewini
Sphyrna lewini
bonnethead
bonnethead
Sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758)
sphyrna tiburo
Sphyrna tiburo
cat sharks
Scyliorhinidae
Scyliorhinus
small-spotted catshark
CEC1993:31
smaller spotted catshark
smaller spotted dogfish
spotted catshark
spotted dogfish
Scyliorhinus canicula
Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)
rock salmon
scyliorhinus canicula
Scyliorhinus canicula
bramble sharks
Echinorhinidae
devil's-tongue
elephant-yam
konnyaku
mo-yu
Amorphophallus konjac
houndsharks
Triakidae
leopard sharks
Triakis
Sepioteuthis sepioidea
Uroteuthis chinensis
Uroteuthis duvaucelii
Lolliguncula
Lolliguncula brevis
mackerel sharks
Lamninae
Isurus
longfin mako shark
CEC1993:20
longfin mako
longfin mako shark
Isurus paucus
Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966
isurus paucus
Isurus paucus
Lamna
porbeagle
CEC1993:22
Lamna nasus
Lamna nasus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
lamna cornubica
lamna nasus
Lamna nasus
Alopiidae
Alopias
The blackcurrant (*Ribes nigrum*) is a woody shrub in the family *Grossulariaceae* grown for its piquant berries. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackcurrant]
black currant plant
MANSFELD:17044
PLANTS:RINI
European black currant
Ribes nigrum L.
blackcurrent
ribes nigrum
Ribes nigrum
sea fox
swiveltail
thintail thresher
thresher
thresher shark
whip-tail shark
Alopias vulpinus
atlantic calico scallop
CEC1993:1343
Argopecten gibbus
Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758)
aequipecten gibbus
argopecten gibbus
calico scallop
pecten gibbus
Argopecten gibbus
Trigonella
Trigonella foenumgraecum
fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecum
euphyllophytes
Euphyllophyta
cow sharks
Hexanchidae
bluntnose sevengill shark
broadnose sevengill shark
Notorynchus cepedianus
skates
Rajiformes
guitarfishes
Rhinobatidae
Rhinobatos
Atlantic guitarfish
Pseudobatos lentiginosus
chimaeras
Chimaeriformes
elephantfishes
plownose chimaeras
Callorhinchidae
elephant fish
Australian ghost shark
elephant fish
elephant shark
ghost shark
makorepe
plownose chimaera
reperepe
Callorhinchus milii
Callorhinchus milii (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823)
Callorhinchus milii Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1823
callorhynchus millii
elephant shark
silver trumpeter
Callorhinchus milii
ratfishes
shortnose chimaeras
Chimaeridae
ratfish
CEC1993:121
rabbit fish
Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758
chimaera monstrosa
hydrolagus novaezelandiae
hydrolagus spp.
Chimaera monstrosa
Hydrolagus
Lepidosirenoidei
African lungfishes
Protopteridae
fish
fishes
ray-finned fishes
Actinopterygii
sturgeons and paddlefish
Acipenseriformes
sturgeons
Acipenseridae
Acipenser
russian sturgeoun
Caspian sturgeon
Russian sturgeon
osietra
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeberg 1833
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1833
acipenser gueldenstaedti
acipenser güldenstädti
danube sturgeon
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
sevruga
sevruga
starry sturgeon
stellate sturgeon
Acipenser stellatus
Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771
acipenser stellatus
starry surgeon
Acipenser stellatus
white sturgeon
CEC1993:136
white sturgeon
Acipenser transmontanus
Acipenser transmontanus Richardson, 1836
acipenser transmontanus
Acipenser transmontanus
sterlet
sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758
acipenser ruthenus
siberian sterlet
Acipenser ruthenus
green sturgeon
CEC1993:130
green sturgeon
short-nose sturgeon
Acipenser medirostris
Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854
acipenser medirostris
Acipenser medirostris
Scaphirhynchus
shovelnose sturgeon
Scaphirhynchus platorynchus
paddlefishes
Polyodontidae
paddlefish
Mississippi paddlefish
North American paddlefish
Polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)
polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula
Semionotiformes
gars
Lepisosteidae
alligator gar
Atractosteus spatula
Amiiformes
bowfin
CEC1993:140
bowfin
Amia calva
Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766
amia calva
mudfish
Amia calva
ladyfishes and tarpons
Elopiformes
Elops
ladyfish
Elops saurus
tarpon
Megalops atlanticus
true eels
Anguilliformes
Cordia
freshwater eels
Anguillidae
Anguilla
european eel
CEC1993:389
European eel
European freshwater eel
Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla
japanese eel
CEC1993:392
Japanese eel
Anguilla japonica
Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1847
Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
anguilla japonica
Anguilla japonica
american eel
freshwater eel
CEC1993:393
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur, 1817)
anguilla rostrata
Anguilla rostrata
short-finned eel
CEC1993:390
Australian eel
Australian shortfin eel
Anguilla australis
Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841
anguilla australis
Anguilla australis
conger eels
Congridae
Conger
Muraenesox
daggertooth pike-conger
CEC1993:400
daggertooth pike conger
pike eel
Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775)
muraenesox cinereus
sharp-toothed eel
Muraenesox cinereus
Clupeinae
Clupea
atlantic herring
CEC1993:166
Atlantic herring
Clupea harengus
Clupea harengus Linnaeus, 1758
Clupea harengus harengus Linnaeus, 1758
atlantic sardine
clupea harengus
clupea harengus harengus
herring, atlantic
Clupea harengus
Senecioninae
carps and others
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes
Dalia AlGhamdi
zebrafish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish
leopard danio
zebra danio
zebra fish
zebrafish
Danio rerio
Carassius
A freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish.
goldfish
CEC1993:313
Carassius auratus
goldfish
Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Carassius auratus
Lecythis
grass carp
CEC1993:324
grass carp
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844)
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)
ctenopharyngodon idella
Ctenopharyngodon idella
The common carp or European carp (*Cyprinus carpio*) is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. It gives its name to the carp family *Cyprinidae. Cyprinus carpio* is the number 3 fish of aquaculture after Grass carp and Silver carp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carp]
common carp
CEC1993:326
carp
common carp
fancy carp
koi
mirror carp
Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758
chub (carp)
cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio
The southern fulmar (*Fulmarus glacialoides*) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, *Fulmarus glacialis*, it belongs to the fulmar genus *Fulmarus* in the family *Procellariidae*, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.
southern fulmar
WIKIPEDIA:Southern_fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides (A. Smith, 1840)
antarctic fulmar
fulmarus glacialoides
silver-grey fulmar
Fulmarus glacialoides
Hypophthalmichthys
A species of freshwater fish, one of several Asian carps. It is one of the most intensively exploited fishes in aquaculture, with an annual worldwide production of over three million tonnes in 2013, principally from China.
bighead carp
CEC1993:330
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
bighead carp
noble carp
silver carp
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1844)
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845)
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
giant freshwater prawn
CEC1993:1232
giant freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)
giant freshwater shrimp
giant river prawn
macrobrachium rosenbergii
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
suckers
Catostomidae
Catostomus
silver hake
CEC1993:477
silver hake
Merluccius bilinearis
Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814)
merluccius bilinearis
Merluccius bilinearis
white sucker
white sucker
Catostomus commersoni (Lacepède 1803)
Catostomus commersonii
Catostomus commersonii (Lacepède, 1803)
buffalo fish (catostomus)
catostomus commersoni
Catostomus commersonii
Ictiobus
smallmouth buffalo
smallmouth buffalo fish
Ictiobus bubalus
common verbena plant
PLANTS:VEOF
Common verbena
common verbena
common vervain
kumatsuzura
ma bian cao
pigeon's-grass
verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis L.
Verbena officinalis
Siliqua patula
loaches
Cobitidae
A species of loach in the genus *Misgurnus*. It is commonly known as European weatherfish or European weather loach, due to its activity patterns changing when air pressure rises or falls.
weatherfish
Misgurnus fossilis
weatherfish
Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Misgurnus fossilis
Characiformes
characins
Characidae
catfishes
Siluriformes
North American freshwater catfishes
bullhead catfishes
Ictaluridae
Ictalurus
channel catfish
CEC1993:380
FDA.RFE.2010:23
channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque, 1818)
catfish, channel
ictalurus punctatus
Ictalurus punctatus
Pangasiidae
Pangasius
pangas catfish
Pangas catfish
yellowtail catfish
Pangasius pangasius
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
pangasius pangasius
yellowtail catfish
Pangasius pangasius
salmons and trouts
Salmoniformes
pikes and mudminnows
Esociformes
pikes
Esocidae
Esox
northern pike
CEC1993:282
northern pike
Esox lucius
Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758
esox lucius
Esox lucius
smelts
Osmeridae
Osmerus
rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax
salmonids
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus
pink salmon
FDA.RFE.2010:41
humpback salmon
pink salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus gorbuscha
salmon, pink
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
chum salmon
CEC1993:242
chum salmon
Oncorhynchus keta
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)
keta salmon
oncorhynchus keta
salmon, chum
Oncorhynchus keta
coho salmon
CEC1993:243
FDA.RFE.2010:42
coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)
cohoe salmon
medium red salmon
oncorhynchus kisutch
salmon, coho
silver salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch
cherry salmon
CEC1993:244
Japanese salmon
cherry salmon
masu salmon
salmon trout
Oncorhynchus masou
Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856)
Oncorhynchus masou (Jordan & Oshima 1919)
Oncorhynchus masu (Brevoort, 1856)
masou salmon
oncorhynchus masou
Oncorhynchus masou
rainbow trout
CEC1993:245
FDA.RFE.2010:43
rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)
Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
oncorhynchus mykiss
salmo gairdneri
salmo irideus
steelhead trout
trout, rainbow
Oncorhynchus mykiss
sockeye salmon
sockeye salmon
Oncorhynchus nerka
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)
blueback salmon
oncorhynchus nerka
red salmon
redfish, little
salmon, sockeye
Oncorhynchus nerka
*Elaeis oleifera* is a species of palm commonly called the American oil palm. It is native to South and Central America from Honduras to northern Brazil. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeis_oleifera]
american oil palm plant
PLANTS:ELOL2
American oil palm
Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortes
Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés
elaeis oleifera
Elaeis oleifera
Salmo
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and, due to human introduction, in the north Pacific Ocean.
atlantic salmon
CEC1993:251
FDA.RFE.2010:58
Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758
salmo salar
Salmo salar
river trout
Salmo trutta
Salvelinus
hog plum plant
MANSFELD:28347
PLANTS:SPMO
Jamaica-plum
hog-plum
imbu
joboInOwl
ubos
yellow mombin
Spondias mombin L.
ashanti plum
jamaica-plum
jobo
spondias lutea
spondias mombin
yellow mombin
Spondias mombin
arctic char
CEC1993:257
Arctic char
Salvelinus alpinus
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
char, alpine
salvelinus alpinus
Salvelinus alpinus
*Laminaria digitata is a large brown alga in the family *Laminariaceae*, also known by the common name Oarweed. It is a tough, leathery, dark brown seaweed that grows to two or three metres. The holdfast which anchors it to the rock is conical and has a number of spreading root-like protrusions called rhizoids.*Laminaria digitata* occurs in the north west Atlantic from Greenland south to Cape Cod and in the north east Atlantic from northern Russia and Iceland south to France. It is common round the coasts of the British Isles except for much of the east coast of England.
oarweed
WIKIPEDIA:Laminaria_digitata
Laminaria digitata
Laminaria digitata (Hudson) Lamouroux, 1813
atlantic kombu
laminaria digitata
sea tangle
tangle
Laminaria digitata
The habanero chili was disseminated by Spanish colonists to other areas of the world, to the point that 18th-century taxonomists mistook China for its place of origin and called it *Capsicum chinense* ("the Chinese pepper"). [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habanero]
habanero pepper plant
PLANTS:CACH30
Scotch bonnet
bonnet pepper
habanero
piri piri
rocotillo
Capsicum chinense Jacq.
capsicum chinense
pepper, habanero
Capsicum chinense
brook trout
CEC1993:258
brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)
Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1815)
salvelinus fontinalis
speckled trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
dolly varden
CEC1993:259
Dolly Varden
Salvelinus malma
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)
Salvelinus malma Taranetz 1933
salvelinus malma
Salvelinus malma
Lake trout (*Salvelinus namaycush*) is a freshwater char living mainly in lakes in northern North America. Other names for it include mackinaw, lake char (or charr), touladi, togue, and grey trout. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_trout]
lake trout
CEC1993:260
lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)
Salvelinus namaycush (Walbaum, 1792)
cristivomer namaycush
lake trout
salvelinus namaycush
Salvelinus namaycush
Hucho
cods and others
Gadiformes
cods
tadpole cod
Gadidae
saffron cod
Eleginus gracilis
Gadus
atlantic cod
CEC1993:441
FDA.RFE.2010:18
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758
cod, atlantic
gadus morhua
Gadus morhua
greenland cod
CEC1993:442
Greenland cod
Gadus ogac
Gadus ogac Richardson, 1836
gadus ogac
Gadus ogac
haddock
CEC1993:447
FDA.RFE.2010:37
haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
gadus aeglifinus
melanogrammus aeglefinus
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Merlangius
european whiting
CEC1993:448
CEC1993:449
whiting
Merlangius merlangus
Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1830)
gadus merlangus
merlangius merlangus
Merlangius merlangus
Pollachius
saithe
CEC1993:461
FDA.RFE.2010:53
pollock
saithe
Pollachius virens
Pollachius virens (Linnaeus, 1758)
black cod
black pollack
coalfish
gadus pollachius
gadus virens
lythe
pollachius virens
pollack
pollock
saithe
sea salmon
sillock
Pollachius virens
merluccid hakes
southern hakes
Merlucciidae
Merluccius
european hake
CEC1993:481
Atlantic hake
European hake
chat
densack
seapike
Merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)
merluccius merluccius
Merluccius merluccius
toadfishes
Batrachoidiformes
sand seatrout
sand weakfish
Cynoscion arenarius
Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930
cynoscion arenarius
white seatrout
Cynoscion arenarius
toadfishes
Batrachoididae
Leccinum
Opsanus
oyster toadfish
Opsanus tau
anglerfishes
Lophiiformes
goosefishes
Lophiidae
Lophius
pacific cod
CEC1993:440
FDA.RFE.2010:17
Pacific cod
Gadus macrocephalus
Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, 1810
cod, pacific
gadus macrocephalus
Gadus macrocephalus
Microgadus proximus
norway pout
CEC1993:465
Norway pout
Trisopterus esmarki (Nilsson, 1855)
Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson, 1855)
pout, norway
trisopterus esmarkii
Trisopterus esmarkii
goosefish
CEC1993:1180
American angler
American goosefish
anglerfish
Lophius americanus
Lophius americanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837
Lophius americanus Valenciennes, 1837
amercan angler
lophius americanus
Lophius americanus
monkfish
CEC1993:1182
allmouth goosefish
angler
Lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus, 1758
allmouth
anglerfish
frogfish
lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius
Atheriniformes
killifishes
pupfishes
Cyprinodontidae
Fundulus
Atlantic killifish
killifish
mummichog
Fundulus heteroclitus
Portunus
blue swimming crab
blue swimmer crab
sand crab
Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758
bluey
portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus
Cyprinodontoidei
Baikal oilfishes
sculpins
Cottidae
sea raven
Hemitripterus americanus
Cottioidei
lumpfishes
lumpsuckers
Cyclopteridae
lumpfish
CEC1993:1093
lumpfish
lumpsucker
Cyclopterus lumpus
Cyclopterus lumpus Linnaeus, 1758
cyclopterus lumpus
lumpsucker
Cyclopterus lumpus
Scorpaenoidei
rockfishes
scorpionfishes
Scorpaenidae
Sebastolobus
Sebastolobus altivelis
perches and others
Perciformes
Percoidei
cichlids
Cichlidae
Tilapia
mozambique tilapia
CEC1993:823
FDA.RFE.2010:46
Hawaiian perch
Hawaiian sunfish
Java tilapia
Mozambique cichlid
Mozambique tilapia
largemouth tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
oreochromis mossambicus
tilapia mossambica
tilapia, mozambique
Oreochromis mossambicus
nile tilapia
CEC1993:824
FDA.RFE.2010:47
Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Oreochromis niloticus Trewavas 1983
oreochromis niloticus
tilapia nilotica
tilapia, nile
Oreochromis niloticus
redbreast tilapia
Coptodon rendalli
Cichla orinocensis
Aulopidae
opahs
Lampridae
Opah (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish, kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic *Lampriform* fish comprising the small family *Lampridae* (also spelled *Lamprididae*).
moonfish
WIKIPEDIA:Opah
CEC1993:503
Jerusalem haddock
North Atlantic opah
opah
Lampris guttatus
Lampris guttatus & Lampris immaculatus
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788)
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)
Lampris guttatus Brunnich, 1788
jerusalem haddock
kingfish
lampris guttatus
opah
redfin ocean pan
sunfish
Lampris guttatus
Polymixia
Oreochromis
Synodontidae
Synodus
atlantic lizardfish
CEC1993:387
Atlantic lizardfish
Synodus saurus (Linnaeus, 1758)
lizardfish
synodus saurus
Synodus saurus
Sarotherodon
mango tilapia
Sarotherodon galilaeus
jacks
pompanos
Carangidae
Caranx
Seriola
Japanese amberjack
five-ray yellowtail
Seriola quinqueradiata
temperate perches
Percichthyidae
Micromesistius
blue whiting
CEC1993:453
Couch's whiting
blue whiting
poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1826)
Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827)
micromesistius poutassou
poutassou
Micromesistius poutassou
cusk
CEC1993:435
FDA.RFE.2010:5
tusk
Brosme brosme
Brosme brosme (Ascanius, 1772)
brosme brosme
brosmius brosme
moonfish
tusk
Brosme brosme
japan sea bass
CEC1993:591
Japanese seabass
suzuki
Lateolabrax japonicus
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1828)
Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier, 1828)
lateolabrax japonicus
sea bass, japanese
Lateolabrax japonicus
fourbeard rockling
Enchelyopus cimbrius
cuskfishes
rocklings
Lotidae
perches
Percidae
Perca
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis).
yellow perch
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_perch
CEC1993:607
American perch
Dodd fish
Perca flavescens
coontail
lake perch
raccoon perch
ring-tail perch
ringed perch
striped perch
yellow perch
Perca flavescens (Mitchill, 1814)
perca flavescens
Perca flavescens
eurasian perch
CEC1993:608
European perch
Perca fluviatilis
european perch
perca fluviatilis
perch
redfin
Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758
river perch
Perca fluviatilis
porgies
Sparidae
Pagrus
red porgy
CEC1993:797
common sea bream
common seabream
red porgy
Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus (Linnaeus, 1758)
pagrus pagrus
pagrus sedicem
Pagrus pagrus
gilt headed bream
CEC1993:793
gilthead bream
gilthead seabream
silver seabream
Sparus aurata
Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758
sparus aurata
Sparus aurata
Acanthopagrus
sunfishes
Centrarchidae
Pomoxis
The black crappie, *Pomoxis nigromaculatus* (Lesueur, 1829), is very similar to *P. annularis* in size, shape, and habits, except that it is darker, with a pattern of black spots. The black crappie has 7-8 spines on its dorsal fin. The number of spines on the dorsal fin, is occasionally the only way to differeniate between a juvenile black crappie and a white crappie. The black crappie tends to prefer clearer water than the white crappie does. Its native range is uncertain, since it has been so widely transplanted, but it is presumed to be similar to the white crappie's. The black crappie is also known as the strawberry bass or Oswego bass. (
black crappie
WIKIPEDIA:White_crappie)
CEC1993:597
black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829)
Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur, 1829)
crappie, black
pomoxis nigromaculatus
Pomoxis nigromaculatus
snooks
Centropomidae
Lates
The barramundi or Asian sea bass, is a species of catadromous fish in the family Latidae of the order Perciformes. The species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region from South Asia to Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia. The fish is known as pla kapong in Thai and as bhetki in Bengali.
barramundi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barramundi
CEC1993:557
Asian sea bass
Asian seabass
Barramundi perch
barramundi
barramundi perch
bekti
bhetki
cockup
giant perch
nairfish
palmer
pla kapong
silver barramundi
Lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790)
lates calcarifer
Lates calcarifer
https://www.seafoodsource.com/seafood-handbook/finfish/barramundi
mullets
Mugilidae
Mugil
Zoarcales
eelpouts
Zoarcidae
Agamidae
North-Atlantic ocean pout
mother-of-eels
muttonfish
ocean pout
poodler
Zoarces americanus
wolffishes
Anarhichadidae
Anarhichas
atlantic wolffish
CEC1993:906
FDA.RFE.2010:2
Atlantic wolffish
wolf-fish
Anarhichas lupus
Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus, 1758
anarhichas lupus
wolffish, atlantic
Anarhichas lupus
Notothenioidei
Antarctic cods
cod icefishes
Nototheniidae
*Eleutherococcus senticosus* is a species of small, woody shrub in the family Araliaceae native to Northeastern Asia. *E. senticosus* has a history of use in folklore and traditional Chinese medicine. Root extracts of E. senticosus are sold as a dietary supplement or cosmetic, usually under the name Siberian ginseng. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleutherococcus_senticosus]
siberian ginseng plant
PLANTS:ELSE5
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.
eleutherococcus senticosus
Eleutherococcus senticosus
burrowing gobies
gobies
wormfishes
Gobiidae
mackerels
tunas
Scombridae
Euthynnus
skipjack tuna
CEC1993:961
FDA.RFE.2010:25
bonito
skipjack tuna
Katsuwonus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)
euthynnus pelamis
katsuwonus pelamis
thynnus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis
kawakawa
CEC1993:955
FDA.RFE.2010:16
eastern little tuna
island bonito
island skipjack
kawakawa
Euthynnus affinis
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)
euthynnus affinis
euthynnus yaito
Euthynnus affinis
spotted tunny
CEC1993:956
little tunny
Euthynnus alletteratus
Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810)
euthynnus alletteratus
Euthynnus alletteratus
Sarda
striped bonito
CEC1993:969
striped bonito
Sarda orientalis
Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
sarda orientalis
sarda velox
Sarda orientalis
pacific bonito
CEC1993:968
FDA.RFE.2010:59
Pacific bonito
Sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis (Cuvier, I831)
Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832)
Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858)
bonito, pacific
eastern pacific bonito
sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis
atlantic bonito
CEC1993:970
Atlantic bonito
Sarda sarda
Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793)
bonito, atlantic
pelamys sardis
sarda sarda
scomber mediterraneus
scomber palamitus
Sarda sarda
Thunnus
albacore
CEC1993:996
FDA.RFE.2010:89
albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)
thunnus alalunga
thunnus germo
Thunnus alalunga
The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.
yellowfin tuna
CEC1993:997
FDA.RFE.2010:90
ahi tuna
ahi tuna fish
yellowfin tuna
Thunnus albacares
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
neothunnus macropterus
thunnus albacares
tuna, yellowfin
Thunnus albacares
bluefin tuna
CEC1993:1002
Atlantic bluefin tuna
bluefin tuna
northern bluefin tuna
Thunnus thynnus
Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758)
thunnus thynnus
Thunnus thynnus
North Pacific bluefin tuna
Pacific bluefin tuna
northern bluefin tuna
Thunnus orientalis
southern bluefin tuna
southern bluefin tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872)
thunnus maccoyii
Thunnus maccoyii
Grewia
bigeye tuna
CEC1993:1000
bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)
ahi
parathunnus mebachi
thunnus obesus
Thunnus obesus
*Tilia platyphyllos* is a species of flowering plant in the family *Malvaceae (Tiliaceae)*. It is a deciduous tree, native to much of Europe, including locally in southwestern Great Britain, growing on lime-rich soils. The common names largeleaf linden and large-leaved linden are in standard use throughout the English-speaking world except in the British Isles, where it is widely, but not universally, known as large-leaved lime. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilia_platyphyllos]
bigleaf linden plant
MANSFELD:4863
PLANTS:TIPL
broad-leaved lime
Tilia platyphyllos Scop.
tilia platyphyllos
Tilia platyphyllos
swordfishes
Xiphiidae
swordfish
FDA.RFE.2010:93
swordfish
Xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758
xiphias gladius
Xiphias gladius
parrotfishes
wrasses
Labridae
flatfishes
Pleuronectiformes
saffron plant
MANSFELD:14971
saffron crocus
Crocus sativus L.
crocus sativus
Crocus sativus
lefteye flounders
Bothidae
Paralichthys
olive flounder
CEC1993:1106
Japanese flounder
bastard halibut
false halibut
olive flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
bastard halibut
paralichthys olivaceus
Paralichthys olivaceus
righteye flounders
Pleuronectidae
Limanda
yellowtail flounder
CEC1993:1123
FDA.RFE.2010:28
yellowtail flounder
Limanda ferruginea
Limanda ferruginea (Storer, 1839)
flounder, yellowtail
limanda ferruginea
Myzopsetta ferruginea
Platichthys
european flounder
CEC1993:1129
European flounder
Platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
flounder, european
platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus
Pleuronectes
european plaice
CEC1993:1131
European plaice
plaice
Pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758
plaice, european
pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa
blackback flounder
CEC1993:1134
FDA.RFE.2010:54
winter flounder
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792)
Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum, 1792
pleuronectes americanus
pseudopleuronectes americanus
Pseudopleuronectes americanus
conger eel
CEC1993:403
European conger
Conger conger
Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758)
conger conger
sea eel
Conger conger
Hippoglossus
atlantic halibut
CEC1993:1119
Atlantic halibut
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)
halibut, atlantic
hippoglossus hippoglossus
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum
whalefishes and others
Beryciformes
Chironemus marmoratus
european chub
CEC1993:335
European chub
chub
Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)
leuciscus cephalus
Squalius cephalus
Acrodonta
*Aesculus turbinata*, common name "Japanese horse-chestnut" is native to Japan but cultivated elsewhere. It is a tree up to 30 m tall. Flowers are white to pale yellowish with red spots. Capsules are dark brown, obovoid to pyriform. The seeds were traditionally eaten, after leaching, by the Jomon people of Japan over about four millennia, until 300 AD.
japanese horse-chestnut tree
WIKIPEDIA:Aesculus_turbinata
PLANTS:AETU
Japanese horse-chestnut
Aesculus turbinata Blume
aesculus turbinata
japanese horse chestnut
Aesculus turbinata
giant grenadier
Albatrossia pectoralis
Coelorinchus
anurans
frogs
frogs and toads
Anura
Selenicereus
Grevillea
rice-field rat
Rattus argentiventer
japanese jack mackerel
CEC1993:658
Japanese horse mackerel
Japanese jack mackerel
Trachurus japonicus
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)
Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845)
japanese horse mackerel
japanese scad
trachurus japonicus
Trachurus japonicus
cardinalfishes
Apogonidae
ramie plant
PLANTS:BONI2
Chinese silk-plant
ramie
zhu ma
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
boehmeria nivea
china grass
chinese grass
chinese silk plant
white ramie
Boehmeria nivea
riparian frogs
true frogs
Ranidae
Rana
Rana <genus>
american bullfrog
American bullfrog
bullfrog
bullfrogs
Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802)
Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802
lithobates catesbeianus
rana catesbeiana
Aquarana catesbeiana
strawberry tree
MANSFELD:18141
PLANTS:ARUN4
strawberry tree
Arbutus unedo L.
arbutus
arbutus unedo
cane apple
Arbutus unedo
bearberry plant
PLANTS:ARUV
bearberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
arctostaphylos uva-ursi
bear-grape
hog-cranberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
marsh frog
European green frog
laughing frog
marsh frog
Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)
Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771
pelophylax ridibundus
rana ridibunda
Pelophylax ridibundus
common frog
European common frog
common frog
Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758
Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758
european frog
rana temporaria
Rana temporaria
Squillidae
pastel cichlid
Cribroheros alfari
*Oecophylla smaragdina* (common names include weaver ant, green ant, green tree ant, and orange gaster) is a species of arboreal ant found in tropical Asia and Australia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecophylla_smaragdina]
green tree ant
Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775)
green ant
oecophylla smaragdina
orange gaster
weaver ant
Oecophylla smaragdina
anapsid reptiles
turtles
Testudines
snake-necked turtles
Chelidae
sand lances
Ammodytidae
Ammodytes
sandeel
CEC1993:926
small sandeel
Ammodytes tobianus Linnaeus, 1758
ammodytes tobianus
Ammodytes tobianus
cuban stone crab
Cuban stone crab
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson 1859
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859
lumpy stone crab
menippe nodifrons
Menippe nodifrons
hidden-necked turtles
Cryptodira
Labeo
rohu
Jayanti rohu
rohu
Labeo rohita
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)
catla catla
indian carp
labeo calbassa
labeo rohita
Labeo rohita
Pseudothelphusidae
sea turtles
Cheloniidae
loggerhead turtle
CEC1993:1476
Loggerhead turtle
loggerhead
red sea turtle
Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758)
caretta caretta
thalasochelys caretta
Caretta caretta
solenocerid shrimps
Solenoceridae
humpback shrimps
Solenocera
green turtle
CEC1993:1477
Green sea turtle
green seaturtle
Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelonia mydas
Chelonia mydas
Lepidochelys
snapping turtles
Chelydridae
Chelydra
The common snapping turtle (*Chelydra serpentina*) is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia and Florida and as far southwest as northeastern Mexico. This species and the larger alligator snapping turtle are the only two species in this family found in North America (though the common snapping turtle, as its name implies, is much more widespread).
snapping turtle
WIKIPEDIA:Chelydra_serpentina
Common snapping turtle
snapping turtle
Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)
chelydra serpentina
Chelydra serpentina
pond turtles
terrapins
Emydidae
Malaclemys
Carissa
Archosauria
Alligator
american alligator
CEC1993:1480
American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801)
Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1803)
Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1802
alligator mississippiensis
gator
Alligator mississippiensis
Caiman
Crocodylus
Bifidobacteriales
nile crocodile
African crocodile
Nile crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768
crocodylus niloticus
mamba
Crocodylus niloticus
estuarine crocodile
CEC1993:1485
Australian saltwater crocodile
estuarine crocodile
Crocodylus porosus (Schneider, 1801)
Crocodylus porosus Schneider 1801
Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801
crocodylus porosus
saltie
saltwater crocodile
Crocodylus porosus
new guinea crocodile
CEC1993:1484
New Guinea crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt, 1928)
Crocodylus novaeguineae Schmidt, 1928
crocodylus novaeguineae
new guinea freshwater crocodile
Crocodylus novaeguineae
squamates
Squamata
iguanian lizards
Iguania
Iguana
green iguana
Common green iguana
common iguana
Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758)
common green iguana
iguana iguana
Iguana iguana
bay laurel
Laurus nobilis
black mulberry plant
MANSFELD:12919
PLANTS:MONI
black mulberry
morus nigra
Morus nigra L.
Morus nigra
Pouteria
*Viburnum opulus* (common name guelder-rose) is a species of flowering plant in the family *Adoxaceae* (formerly *Caprifoliaceae*) native to Europe, northern Africa and central Asia. Other common names include water elder, cramp bark, snowball tree and European cranberrybush, though this plant is not closely related to the cranberry. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburnum_opulus]
guelder-rose plant
PLANTS:VIOP
European cranberrybush
crampbark
guelder rose
Viburnum opulus L.
crampbark
viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus
whiptails
Teiidae
golden goby
CEC1993:1040
golden goby
Gobius auratus Risso, 1810
gobius auratus
Gobius auratus
black goby
CEC1993:1042
black goby
Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758
gobius niger
Gobius niger
rock goby
CEC1993:1043
rock goby
Gobius paganellus Linnaeus, 1758
gobius paganellus
Gobius paganellus
Knipowitschia
lagoon goby
CEC1993:1045
Knipowitschia panizzae (Verga, 1841)
knipowitschia pannizzae
Knipowitschia panizzae
Zosterisessor
grass goby
CEC1993:1050
grass goby
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1811)
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Pallas, 1814)
zosterisessor ophiocephalus
Zosterisessor ophiocephalus
nagami kumquat
Citrus japonica var. margarita
brine shrimp
Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758
artemia salina
Artemia salina
monitors
Varanidae
orange mud crab
Scylla olivacea
Scylla paramamosain is a mud crab commonly consumed in South-east Asia.
Dalia AlGhamdi
green mud crab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scylla_paramamosain
green mud crab
Scylla paramamosain
purple mud crab
Scylla tranquebarica
Varanus
mandarin orange
tangerine
Citrus reticulata
geckos
Gekkonidae
clementine
Citrus x clementina
snakes
Serpentes
Boa
boa
Boa constrictor
golden trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita
mola carplet
pale carplet
Amblypharyngodon mola
Jenkin's flying fish
glider flyingfish
greater spotted flyingfish
volador planeador
Cheilopogon atrisignis
Elapidae
tope shark
CEC1993:49
tope shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
galeorhinus galeus
grey shark
greyboy
school shark
Galeorhinus galeus
lake neuchâtel whitefish
CEC1993:233
Coregonus macrophthalmus (Nusslin, 1882)
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin 1882
Coregonus macrophthalmus Nüsslin, 1882
coregonus macrophthalmus
Coregonus macrophthalmus
blue whitefish
CEC1993:239
Coregonus wartmanni
Coregonus wartmanni (Bloch, 1784)
coregonus wartmanni
Coregonus wartmanni
sleepers
Eleotridae
Periophthalmus
Physalacriaceae
A widely distributed species of sleeper goby native to fresh and brackish waters
This species is an economically important fish, being sought after by local commercial fisheries and farmed. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
marble goby
Oxyeleotris marmorata
marble goby
Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker, 1852)
marble sleeper
Oxyeleotris marmorata
Mus
Mus <subgenus>
least puffer
Sphoeroides parvus
bramble shark
CEC1993:71
bramble shark
spinous shark
spiny shark
Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)
echinorhinus brucus
spinous shark
spiny shark
Echinorhinus brucus
new zealand lanternshark
FISHBASE:54017
New Zealand lanternshark
Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957
baxters dogfish
etmopterus baxteri
Etmopterus baxteri
*Artemisia abrotanum*, the southernwood, lad's love, or southern wormwood, is a species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. The pungent, scented leaves and flowers are used in herbal teas. Young shoots were used to flavor pastries and puddings. In Italy, it is used as a culinary herb. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisia_abrotanum]
southernwood plant
IT IS:35444
PLANTS:ARAB2
Artemisia abrotanum L.
artemisia abrotanum
Artemisia abrotanum
silver wormwood
Artemisia ludoviciana
Mobula
bentfin devil ray
lesser devil ray
smoothtail devil ray
Mobula thurstoni
Menippidae
Cactineae
Pseudechis
redbellied black snake
red-bellied black snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus (Shaw, 1794)
pseudechis porphyriacus
Pseudechis porphyriacus
long-finned eel
mottled eel
Anguilla nebulosa McClelland, 1844
anguilla nebulosa
mottled eel
Anguilla nebulosa
okapi
Okapia johnstoni
elongate hatchetfish
Triportheus elongatus
*Vigna umbellata* (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi, previously *Phaseolus calcaratus*, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean.
rice bean plant
WIKIPEDIA:Rice_bean
PLANTS:VIUM2
mambi-bean
rice bean
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
phaseolus calcaratus
red bean
vigna umbellata
Vigna umbellata
pit vipers
Crotalinae
spotted eagle ray
Aetobatus narinari
*Fucus serratus* is a seaweed of the north Atlantic Ocean, known as toothed wrack or serrated wrack. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucus_serratus]
toothed wrack
EC:No 1637/2001 FUU
Fucus serratus
Fucus serratus Linnaeus, 1753
fucus serratus
serrated wrack
Fucus serratus
Crotalus
*Polypodium vulgare*, the common polypody, is a fern of the *Polypodiaceae* family. Polypody has traditional uses in cooking for its aroma and sweet taste, and in herbal medicine as a purgative and vermifuge. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypodium_vulgare]
common polypody plant
Polypodium virginianum L.
Polypodium vulgare L.
polypodium virginianum
polypodium vulgare
Polypodium virginianum
flatiron herring
Pacific flatiron herring
Harengula thrissina
Harengula thrissina (Jordan & Gilbert 1882)
Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
harengula thrissina
Harengula thrissina
Sphoeroides lobatus
Trachinotus paitensis
pigmy rattlesnake
Sistrurus miliarius
red mullet
CEC1993:810
striped red mullet
Mullus surmuletus
Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758
mullet, red
mullus surmuletus
Mullus surmuletus
salema
CEC1993:791
salema
Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758)
boops salpa
sarpa salpa
sparus salpa
Sarpa salpa
Atherina
boyer's sandsmelt
CEC1993:541
big-scale sand smelt
Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810
atherina boyeri
capsian sandsmelt
small sandsmelt
Atherina boyeri
birds
avian
Aves
Palaeognathae
emus
Dromaiidae
The Emu, *Dromaius novaehollandiae*, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus *Dromaius*. It is the second-largest extant bird in the world by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. There are three subspecies of Emus in Australia. The Emu is common over most of mainland Australia, although it avoids heavily populated areas, dense forest, and arid areas.
emu
WIKIPEDIA:Dromaius_novaehollandiae
emu
Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)
dromaius novaehollandiae
Dromaius novaehollandiae
Rheidae
Darwin's rhea (*Rhea pennata*), also known as the lesser rhea, is a large flightless bird, but the smaller of the two extant species of rheas. It is found in the Altiplano and Patagonia in South America.
lesser rhea
WIKIPEDIA:Darwin%27s_rhea
lesser rhea
Pterocnemia pennata (Orbigny, 1834)
darwin's rhea
pterocnemia pennata
rhea pennata
Rhea pennata
Patella caerulea
Rhea
greater rhea
common rhea
greater rhea
Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)
american rhea
rhea americana
Rhea americana
ostriches
Struthioniformes
Struthionidae
The Ostrich, or Common Ostrich (*Struthio camelus*), is one or two species of large flightless birds native to Africa, the only living member(s) of the genus *Struthio* that is in the ratite family. Some analyses indicate that the Somali Ostrich may be better considered a full species apart from the Common Ostrich, but most taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies.
ostrich
WIKIPEDIA:Struthio_camelus
African ostrich
ostrich
Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758
common ostrich
struthio camelus
Struthio camelus
harvestfish
CEC1993:1021
American harvestfish
Peprilus paru
Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758)
northern harvestfish
peprilus alepidotus
peprilus paru
Peprilus paru
*Prunus salicina* (syn. *Prunus triflora* or *Prunus thibetica*), commonly called the Japanese plum or Chinese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China. It is now also grown in fruit orchards in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Australia.
The fruit is a drupe 4-7 cm in diameter with yellow-pink flesh; it can be harvested in the summer. When fully ripe it can be eaten raw. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_salicina]
japanese plum plant
MANSFELD:9360
PLANTS:PRSA3
Japanese plum
su-momo
Prunus salicina Lindl.
Prunus salicina Lindley
prunus salicina
susina
Prunus salicina
Apterygidae
pacific rock crab
red rock crab
red rock crab
Cancer productus
Cancer productus J. W. Randall, 1840
Cancer productus Randall, 1839
california red rock crab
cancer productus
red rock crab
Cancer productus
Apteryx
*Chenopodium pallidicaule*, sometimes known as Cañihua, Canihua, Kañiwa, Cañahua is a species of goosefoot, similar in character and uses to the closely related quinoa.
canihua plant
WIKIPEDIA:Chenopodium_pallidicaule
PLANTS:CHPA23
Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen
cañahua
cañihua
chenopodium pallidicaule
kañiwa
Chenopodium pallidicaule
Neognathae
ducks, geese and swans
Anseriformes
waterfowl
Anatidae
Indonesian bayleaf
salam
Syzygium polyanthum
The Mallard or Wild Duck (*Anas platyrhynchos*) is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand and Australia. This duck belongs to the subfamily *Anatinae* of the waterfowl family *Anatidae*.
mallard
duck
mallard
mallard duck
mallard ducks
Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758
anas platyrhynchos
duck, wild
wild duck
Anas platyrhynchos
A large bird in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It has mottled and barred grey and white plumage and an orange beak and legs. It measures between 74 and 91 centimetres (29 and 36 in) in length, with an average weight of 3.3 kilograms (7.3 lb).
greylag goose
Domestic goose
anser anser
graylag goose
greylag goose
Anser anser (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anser anser
The magpie goose (*Anseranas semipalmata*) is the sole living representative waterbird species of the *Anseranatidae* family. It is a resident breeder in northern Australia and a vagrant to southern New Guinea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magpie_goose]
magpie goose
magpie goose
Anseranas semipalmata (Latham, 1798)
anseranas semipalmata
Anseranas semipalmata
Branta
The Canada goose (*Branta canadensis*) is a large wild goose species with a black head and neck, white patches on the face, and a brown body. Native to arctic and temperate regions of North America, its migration occasionally reaches northern Europe.
canada goose
Canada goose
branta canadensis
Branta canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Branta canadensis
The Muscovy Duck (*Cairina moschata*) is a large duck native to Mexico, Central, and South America. Small wild and feral breeding populations have established themselves in the United States, particularly in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, as well as in many other parts of North America, including southern Canada. Feral Muscovy Ducks have also been reported in parts of Europe.
muscovy duck
WIKIPEDIA:Muscovy_Duck
Muscovy duck
muscovy
musky duck
Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758)
barbary duck
cairina moschata
Cairina moschata
alfonsinos
Berycidae
Beryx
The splendid alfonsino, *Beryx splendens*, is an alfonsino of the genus *Beryx*, found around the world at depths of between 25 and 1,300 m. Their length is between 30 and 70 cm. It is known as kinmedai in sushi and Japanese cuisine.
splendid alfonsino
WIKIPEDIA:Splendid_alfonsino
splendid alfonsino
Beryx splendens
Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834
beryx splendens
Beryx splendens
Centroberyx
Matricariinae
Cyttus
boar fish
Cyttus australis (Richardson, 1843)
cyttus australis
silver dory
Cyttus australis
halfbeaks
Hemiramphidae
Hemiramphus
Pacific beardfish
Polymixia berndti
*Pinus koraiensis* is a species of pine known commonly as the Korean pine. The nuts of this tree are edible and sold commercially. It is the most common taxon sold as pine nuts in markets throughout Europe and the United States. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis]
korean pine plant
PLANTS:PIKO2
Korean pine
channamu
Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.
chinese pinenut
pinus koraiensis
Pinus koraiensis
Litsea glaucescens
Gymnophthalmidae
swifts
Apodidae
Microstomus
slime flounder
slime flounder
Microstomus achne
Microstomus achne (Jordan & Starks 1904)
Microstomus achne (Jordan and Starks, 1904)
microstomus achne
Microstomus achne
dover sole
FDA.RFE.2010:38
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington 1879)
Microstomus pacificus (Lockington, 1879)
microstomus pacificus
sole, dover
Microstomus pacificus
shorebirds and others
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
gulls
Laridae
Larus
The great black-backed gull (*Larus marinus*), also known as the greater black-backed gull or, informally, as the black-back, is the largest member of the gull family. It breeds on the European and North American coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and is fairly sedentary, though some black-backs move farther south or inland to large lakes or reservoirs.
great black-backed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Great_black-backed_gull
great black-backed gull
Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758
greater black-backed gull
larus marinus
Larus marinus
The lesser black-backed gull (*Larus fuscus*) is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. It is a regular winter visitor to the east coast of North America, probably from the breeding population in Iceland.
lesser black-backed gull
WIKIPEDIA:Lesser_black-backed_gull
lesser black-backed gull
Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
larus fuscus
Larus fuscus
MANSFELD:12425
PLANTS:MUPA3
banana
plantain
Musa X paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
Musa x paradisiaca L.
Musa ×paradisiaca L. (pro sp.)
musa paradisiaca
musa x paradisiaca
Musa x paradisiaca
snipes
Scolopacidae
pigeons
Columbidae
Columba domestica
carrier pigeon
domestic pigeon
rock dove
rock pigeon
Columba livia
asian water buffalo
MSW3:14200694
domestic water buffalo
river buffalo
water buffalo
Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
bubalus bubalis
water buffalo, asian
Bubalus bubalis
chinese swamp cabbage plant
MANSFELD:21561
PLANTS:IPAQ
Chinese water-spinach
Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.
chinese water spinach
ipomoea aquatica
swamp morning glory
swamp morning-glory
swamp morningglory
water spinach
Ipomoea aquatica
Haliaeetus
white-tailed eagle
Haliaeetus albicilla
landfowls
Galliformes
guineafowls
Numididae
offshore silver hake
CEC1993:475
offshore hake
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill 1818)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1817)
Merluccius albidus (Mitchill, 1818)
merluccius albidus
Merluccius albidus
southern hake
CEC1993:476
southern hake
Merluccius australis
Merluccius australis (Hutton 1872)
Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)
merluccius australis
Merluccius australis
cape hake
CEC1993:478
shallow-water Cape hake
south african hake
stock fish
Merluccius capensis
Merluccius capensis Castelnau 1861
Merluccius capensis Castelnau, 1861
merluccius capensis
shallow-water hake
Merluccius capensis
chilean hake
CEC1993:479
Southern Pacific hake
Merluccius gayi
Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848)
merluccius gayi
Merluccius gayi
argentine hake
CEC1993:480
Argentine hake
southwest atlantic hake
Merluccius hubbsi
Merluccius hubbsi Marini 1933
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1932
Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933
merluccius hubbsi
Merluccius hubbsi
deepwater hake
CEC1993:482
deep-water Cape hake
Merluccius paradoxus Franca 1960
Merluccius paradoxus Franca, 1960
merluccius paradoxus
Merluccius paradoxus
benguela hake
CEC1993:483
Benguela hake
Merluccius polli Cadenat 1950
Merluccius polli Cadenat, 1950
merluccius polli
Merluccius polli
north pacific hake
CEC1993:484
North Pacific hake
Merluccius productus
Merluccius productus (Ayres 1855)
Merluccius productus (Ayres, 1855)
merluccius productus
Merluccius productus
senegalese hake
CEC1993:485
Senegalese hake
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat 1950
Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat, 1950
black hake
merluccius senegalensis
Merluccius senegalensis
ruffed grouse
Bonasa umbellus
turkeys
Phasianidae
common sole
Solea solea
yellow sole
CEC1993:1142
solenette
Buglossidium luteum
Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810)
buglossidium luteum
Buglossidium luteum
thickback sole
CEC1993:1147
thickback sole
Microchirus variegatus
Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808)
microchirus variegatus
Microchirus variegatus
The Northern Bobwhite, Virginia Quail or (in its home range) Bobwhite Quail (*Colinus virginianus*) is a ground-dwelling bird native to the United States, Mexico, and the Caribbean. It is a member of the group of species known as New World quails (*Odontophoridae*). They were initially placed with the Old World quails in the pheasant family (*Phasianidae*), but are not particularly closely related. The name "bobwhite" derives from its characteristic whistling call.
northern bobwhite
WIKIPEDIA:Bobwhite_Quail
bobwhite quail
common bobwhite
northern bobwhite
Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus, 1758)
bobwhite quail
colinus virginianus
virginia quail
Colinus virginianus
Gallus domesticus
bantam
chicken
chickens
gallus gallus domesticus
Gallus gallus
Staurotypus salvinii
Phasianus
*Camelina sativa*, usually known in English as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed, is a flowering plant in the family *Brassicaceae*. It has been traditionally cultivated as an oilseed crop to produce vegetable oil and animal feed. The crop is now being researched due to its exceptionally high levels (up to 45%) of omega-3 fatty acids, which is uncommon in vegetable sources.
gold-of-pleasure plant
WIKIPEDIA:Camelina_sativa
PLANTS:CASA2
PLANTS:CASAA
PLANTS:CASAS2
false flax
gold-of-pleasure
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. alyssum (Mill.) E. Schmid
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz ssp. sativa
big-seed
camelina
camelina sativa
false flax
Camelina sativa
Phasianinae
*Laminaria hyperborea* is a species of large brown alga, a kelp in the family *Laminariaceae*, also known by the common names of tangle and cuvie. It is found in the sublittoral zone of the northern Atlantic Ocean. A variety, *Laminaria hyperborea* f. *cucullata* (P.Svensden & J.M.Kain, 1971) is known from more wave sheltered areas in Scandinavia.
north european kelp
WIKIPEDIA:Laminaria_hyperborea
Laminaria hyperborea
Laminaria hyperborea (Gunnerus) Foslie, 1884
laminaria hyperborea
Laminaria hyperborea
Coturnix
The Common Quail, *Coturnix coturnix*, is a small bird in the pheasant family *Phasianidae*. It is widespread and is found in parts of Europe, (should not be confused with the domesticated Japanese Quail, *Coturnix japonica*, original from Asia that although visually similar have very distinct calls).
common quail
WIKIPEDIA:Common_Quail
Common quail
Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758)
coturnix coturnix
Coturnix coturnix
The ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) is a species of turkey residing primarily in the Yucatán Peninsula. A relative of the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), it was sometimes previously treated in a genus of its own (Agriocharis), but the differences between the two turkeys are currently considered too small to justify generic segregation.
Damion Dooley
ocellated turkey
ocellated turkey
Meleagris ocellata Cuvier, 1820
meleagris ocellata
Meleagris ocellata
Meleagris
wild turkey
2019-08-12T20:54:03Z
common turkey
turkey
wild turkey
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758
meleagris gallopavo
Meleagris gallopavo
terrestrial and marshbirds
Gruiformes
Heliantheae alliance
Whooping crane
Grus americana
rails
Rallidae
butternut tree
PLANTS:JUCI
Juglans cinerea L.
juglans cinerea
noix juglans cinerea
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the butternut fruit (drupe, seed) index both *BUTTERNUT [B1453]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Juglans cinerea
song birds
Passeriformes
even-toed ungulates & whales
Artiodactyla
A species of bonytongue.
african bonytongue
African arowana
African bonytongue
Heterotis niloticus
Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)
african arowana
Heterotis niloticus
Cephalopholis
chocolate hind
Cephalopholis boenak
Hericium erinaceum
bearded tooth
Hericium erinaceus
fabids
malvids
campanulids
lamiids
Orobanchaceae
Macruronus
patagonian grenadier
CEC1993:471
Patagonian grenadier
Macruronus magellanicus
Macruronus magellanicus Lönnberg, 1907
macruronus magellanicus
Macruronus magellanicus
cormorants and shags
Phalacrocoracidae
parrot
parrots
Psittacidae
Spanish peanut
Arachis hypogaea var. vulgaris
marsupials
Metatheria
American opossums
opossums
Didelphidae
North American opossum
Virginia opossum
Didelphis virginiana
blessed milkthistle plant
PLANTS:SIMA3
holy thistle
lady's thistle
milk thistle
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
silybum marianum
Silybum marianum
netted prochilod
Prochilodus reticulatus
taiwan giant bamboo plant
MANSFELD:19310
PLANTS:SILA23
Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure
dendrocalamus latiflorus
ma bamboo
sinocalamus latifloru
sweet bamboo
sweet giant bamboo
wideleaf bamboo
Lycoteuthis lorigera
Macropodidae
Lyophyllaceae
Macropus
*Metroxylon sagu* (true sago palm) is a species of palm in the genus *Metroxylon*, native to tropical southeastern Asia in Indonesia (western New Guinea, and the Moluccas), Papua New Guinea, Malaysia (both Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) and possibly also the Philippines (though may have been introduced there). It is also naturalised in Thailand, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and the Solomon Islands.
sago palm plant
WIKIPEDIA:Metroxylon_sagu
PLANTS:MESA7
metroxylon sagu
sago palm
true sago palm
Metroxylon sagu Rottb.
Metroxylon sagu
*Salvia leucantha* (Mexican bush sage) is a herbaceous perennial that is native to subtropical and tropical conifer forests in central and eastern Mexico. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia_leucantha]
mexican bush sage plant
PLANTS:SALE9
Salvia leucantha Cav.
salvia leucantha
Salvia leucantha
possums and cuscuses
Phalangeridae
Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis var. utilis
bok-choy
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
greek sheatfish
CEC1993:375
Aristotle's catfish
Silurus aristotelis (Agassiz, 1856)
Silurus aristotelis Garman, 1890
silurus aristotelis
Silurus aristotelis
longnose spurdog
CEC1993:65
longnose spurdog
Squalus blainville
Squalus blainville (Risso, 1827)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1826)
Squalus blainvillei (Risso, 1827)
northern spurdog
squalus blainville
Squalus blainville
eutherian mammals
placental mammals
placentals
Eutheria
armadillos and others
Xenarthra
armadillo
armadillos
Dasypodidae
stinging catfish
Heteropneustes fossilis
Brachychiton
Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus *Corchorus*, which has been classified in the family *Tiliaceae*, or more recently in *Malvaceae*. However, it has been reclassified within the family *Sparrmanniaceae*.
Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres.
nalta jute plant
WIKIPEDIA:Corchorus_olitorius
PLANTS:COOL
Nalta jute
jute
Corchorus olitorius L.
corchorus olitorius
jew's mallow
jute mallow
jute, nalta
molokhia
tossa jute
Corchorus olitorius
The Kola tree (Cola acuminata) belongs to a of family *Sterculiaceae* and genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa**.
Damion Dooley
kola tree
WIKIPEDIA:Cola_acuminata
MANSFELD:5440
PLANTS:COAC4
Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
Cola acuminata (P.Beauv.) Schott & Endl.
abata cola
abatacola
cola acuminata
colatree
kola nut
Cola acuminata
Hymenopellis radicata
bandwing flyingfish
Cheilopogon exsiliens
spotfin flyingfish
Cheilopogon furcatus
Pharao flyingfish
Exocoetus obtusirostris
mirrorwing flyingfish
Hirundichthys speculiger
bluntnose flyingfish
Prognichthys gibbifrons
A species of Old World quail found in East Asia. First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it was distinguished as its own species in 1983. As the Japanese quail is easily managed, fast growing, small in size, and can produce eggs at a high rate, it has been farmed in large quantities across the globe.
japanese quail
Coturnix japonica
Japanese quail
Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849
Coturnix japonica
bats
Chiroptera
*Osmanthus fragrans*, variously known as sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive, is a species native to Asia. In Chinese cuisine, its flowers may be infused with green or black tea leaves to create a scented tea. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanthus_fragrans]
sweet osmanthus plant
PLANTS:OSFR2
sweet osmanthus
Osmanthus fragrans Lour.
osmanthus fragrans
sweet olive
Osmanthus fragrans
leaf celery plant
2021-08-14T18:48:55Z
MANSFELD:1235
Chinese celery
leaf celery
Apium graveolens var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.
Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef.
apium graveolens var. secalinum
Apium graveolens Secalinum Group
Craterellus sp. 'aurora'
Craterellus cornucopioides
Balistes
Epinephelus
estuary cod
estuary rock cod
orange-spotted grouper
Epinephelus coioides
Mastacembelidae
ocean sunfish
CEC1993:1175
ocean sunfish
Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)
mola mola
Mola mola
Psettodes
butterfishes
Stromateidae
pacific round herring
Etrumeus micropus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
etrumeus micropus
herring, round
Etrumeus micropus
Kumamoto oyster
Crassostrea sikamea
ginger
Zingiber officinale
pachira tree
PLANTS:PAIN7
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny
Pachira insignis (Sw.) Sw. ex Savigny
malabar chestnut
pachira insignis
pachira nut
wild chestnut
LanguaL curation note: When indexing the chestnut fruit (nut) index both *WILD CHESTNUT [B3405]* and *FRUIT [C0167]* (or its more precise narrower terms).
Pachira insignis
Brazilian free-tailed bat
Tadarida brasiliensis
American conger
Conger oceanicus
primate
Primates
Lemur
New World monkeys
monkey
monkeys
Platyrrhini
cottonmouth jack
Uraspis secunda
south american rock mussel
CEC1993:1366
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758)
Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1767)
perna perna
Perna perna
Loliolus beka
sand diver
Synodus intermedius
Bothus
plate fish
Bothus lunatus
Holocentrus
black triggerfish
Melichthys niger
carapids
cusk-eels
Ophidiidae
needlefishes
sauries
Belonidae
Strongylura
Zenopsis
mirror dory
Zenopsis nebulosus
lesser amberjack
Seriola fasciata
Dentex
common dentex
CEC1993:765
common dentex
Dentex dentex
Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
dentex dentex
Dentex dentex
Umbrina
Shi drum
Umbrina cirrosa
Cebidae
lesser weever
Echiichthys vipera
Hexanchus griseus
Silurus
wels catfish
CEC1993:376
Danube catfish
European catfish
Wels catfish
Silurus glanis
Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758
sheatfish
silurus glanis
Silurus glanis
Gulf toadfish
Opsanus beta
Catarrhini
Old World monkeys
monkey
monkeys
Cercopithecidae
Cercopithecinae
Rhesus monkey
rhesus macaque
rhesus macaques
rhesus monkeys
Macaca mulatta
Jasus
red rock lobster
CEC1993:1246
red rock lobster
Jasus edwardsii
Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)
jasus edwardsii
Jasus edwardsii
A medium-sized burrowing crab that is named for its furry claws, which resemble mittens. It is native to rivers, estuaries and other coastal habitats of eastern Asia from Korea in the north to the Fujian province of China in the south. It has also been introduced to Europe and North America where it is considered an invasive species.
chinese mitten crab
Chinese hairy crab
Chinese mitten crab
Eriocheir sinensis
Shanghai hairy crab
Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853
Eriocheir sinensis
Gorilla
human as milk source
human
Homo sapiens
dog, coyote, wolf, fox
Canidae
Canis
coyote
Canis latrans
The domestic dog is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.
dog
MSW3:14000752
canine
canis lupus familiaris
dog
dogs
Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758
Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity.
Canis lupus familiaris
red fox
silver fox
Vulpes vulpes
bears
Ursidae
Ursus
The (North) American black bear (*Ursus americanus*) is a medium-sized bear native to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most common bear species. Although they all live in North America, American black bears are not closely related to brown bears and polar bears; genetic studies reveal that they split from a common ancestor 5.05 million years ago. Both American and Asiatic black bears are considered sister taxa, and are more closely related to each other than to other species of bear
american black bear
WIKIPEDIA:Ursus_americanus
MSW3:14000953
American black bear
Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780
baribal
ursus americanus
Ursus americanus
brown bear
grizzly bear
Ursus arctos
raccoon, coati & olingo
Procyonidae
Malva
Procyon
weasel, mink, badger, martens and others
Mustelidae
roughies
slimeheads
Trachichthyidae
Hoplostethus
orange roughy
CEC1993:513
FDA.RFE.2010:21
orange roughy
Hoplostethus atlanticus
Hoplostethus atlanticus Collett, 1889
deep sea perch
hoplostethus atlanticus
Hoplostethus atlanticus
cat family
Felidae
cat
cats
domestic cat
Felis catus
Panthera
Sardinella
white sardinella
Sardinella albella
fringescale sardinella
CEC1993:189
fringescale sardinella
Sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847)
Sardinella fimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847)
sardinella fimbriata
Sardinella fimbriata
oil sardine
CEC1993:190
Indian oil sardine
Sardinella longiceps
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847
Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847
sardinella longiceps
tamban
Sardinella longiceps
lion
Panthera leo
jaguar
Panthera onca
leopard
Panthera pardus
tiger
Panthera tigris
fur seals & sea lions
Otariidae
walruses
Odobenidae
walrus
CEC1993:1427
MSW3:14001024
walrus
Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Odobenus rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758
odobenus rosmarus
Odobenus rosmarus
crawling seals
earless seals
seal
seals
true seals
Phocidae
Latridae
bastard trumpeter
CEC1993:853
blue moki
Latridopsis ciliaris
Latridopsis ciliaris (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster, 1801)
latridopsis ciliaris
moki
Latridopsis ciliaris
striped trumpeter
Latris lineata
Phoca
The ringed seal (*Pusa hispida*), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal (family: Phocidae) inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions... Ringed seals occur throughout the Arctic Ocean. They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay. They prefer to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice. One subspecies can be found in freshwater.
ringed seal
WIKIPEDIA:Pusa_hispida
ringed seal
Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)
jar seal
pusa hispida
Pusa hispida
cetaceans
whale
whales
whales, dolphins & porpoises
Cetacea
tooth whales
Odontoceti
marine dolphins
Delphinidae
porpoises
Phocoenidae
*Viola odorata* is a species of the genus Viola, native to Europe and Asia, but has also been introduced to North America and Australia. It is commonly known as wood violet, sweet violet, English violet, common violet, florist's violet, or garden violet. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola_odorata]
sweet violet plant
PLANTS:VIOD
Viola odorata L.
viola odorata
Viola odorata
Monodontidae
The beluga or white whale, *Delphinapterus leucas*, is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean. It is one of two members of the family *Monodontidae*, along with the narwhal, and the only member of the genus *Delphinapterus*. This marine mammal is commonly referred to simply as the beluga or sea canary due to its high-pitched twitter. Using the term "white whale" to refer to belugas is, in the strictest sense, erroneous, as the term "whale" is usually applied to the *Mysticeti* (baleen whales) and not to toothed cetaceans which belong to the suborder *Odontoceti*, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ]
beluga whale
WIKIPEDIA:Beluga_whale
CEC1993:1460
MSW3:14300105
beluga
beluga whale
white whale
Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)
Delphinapterus leucas Pallas, 1776
delphinapterus leucas
white whale
Delphinapterus leucas
BCF group
Bacteroides-Cytophaga-Flexibacter group
CFB group
Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides phylum
Bacteroidota
baleen whales
Mysticeti
finback whales
rorquals
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera
The common minke whale or northern minke whale (*Balaenoptera acutorostrata*) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales. It is the smallest member of the rorquals and the second smallest species of baleen whale. Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century. As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat. It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry. There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere.
northern minke whale
WIKIPEDIA:Common_minke_whale
CEC1993:1462
MSW3:14300012
lesser rorqual
minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepède, 1804
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1800
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804
balaenoptera acutorostrata
common minke whale
minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
*Boesenbergia rotunda*, commonly known as Chinese keys, fingerroot, lesser galangal or Chinese ginger, is a medicinal and culinary herb from China and Southeast Asia. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda]
rotund boesenbergia plant
PLANTS:BORO4
Chinese-keys
Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.
boesenbergia rotunda
chinese-keys
fingerroot
Boesenbergia rotunda
manatees and dugongs (seacows)
Sirenia
manatees
Trichechidae
*Kaempferia galanga*, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry, or resurrection lily, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga]
kencur plant
PLANTS:KAGA2
galangal
Kaempferia galanga L.
galangal
kaempferia galangal
Kaempferia galanga
Trichechus
elephants
Elephantidae
asiatic elephant
MSW3:11500004
Asian elephant
Asiatic elephant
Indian elephant
Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758
asian elephant
elephas maximus
Elephas maximus
African Elephant
African elephants
Loxodonta
african savannah elephant
MSW3:11500009
African bush elephant
African savanna elephant
African savannah elephant
Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797)
Loxodonta africana Blumenbach, 1797
african bush elephant
loxodonta africana
Loxodonta africana
odd-toed ungulates
Perissodactyla
horses
Equidae
Equus
zebra
MSW3:14100033
mountain zebra
Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758
equus zebra
Equus zebra
A genus of small shrimp that resemble krills, which is native throughout the seas of Asia. Several of its species are important for the production of shrimp paste in Southeast Asia, including *Acetes japonicus*, which is the world's most heavily fished species of wild shrimp or prawn in terms of total tonnage.
akiami paste shrimp
CEC1993:1228
Acetes japonicus
Acetes japonicus Kishinouye, 1905
Acetes japonicus
African ass
African wild ass
Somali wild ass
ass
domestic ass
donkey
Equus asinus
domestic horse
equine
horse
Equus caballus
Camelineae
Cardamineae
rhinoceroses
Rhinocerotidae
square-lipped rhinoceros
white rhinoceros
Ceratotherium simum
Rhinoceros
Crangonidae
Crangon
Brassiceae
boars
pigs
Suidae
A suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa.
Damion Dooley
2020-04-01T23:10:20Z
pig
pigs
swine
wild boar
Sus scrofa
domestic pig
Sus scrofa domesticus
Chione
Chione <bivalves>
Austrovenus stutchburyi
Tellinoidea
Polymesoda
Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus
hippopotamus
MSW3:14200106
hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758
common hippopotamus
hippopotamus amphibius
Hippopotamus amphibius
Diospyros kaki var. silvestris
Pleurotus citrinopileatus
Pleurotus floridanus
Camelidae
Camelus
The Bactrian camel (*Camelus bactrianus*) is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel.
bactrian camel
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_bactrianus
MSW3:14200112
Bactrian camel
camel
domestic Bactrian camel
two-humped camel
Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758
camelus bactrianus
Camelus bactrianus
The dromedary camel or Arabian camel (*Camelus dromedarius*) is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The dromedary camel is the second largest member of the camel family after the larger Bactrian camel.
dromedary camel
WIKIPEDIA:Camelus_dromedarius
MSW3:14200115
Arabian camel
camel
dromedaries
dromedary
dromedary camel
one-humped camel
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758
arabian camel
camelus dromedarius
Camelus dromedarius
Himalayan glassy perchlet
Pseudambassis baculis
llama
llama
Lama glama (Linnaeus, 1758)
guanaco
lama glama
Lama glama
Hirundichthys
Hirundichthys <subgenus>
*Consolida regalis*, with the common names forking larkspur, rocket-larkspur, and field larkspur, is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the genus *Consolida* of the buttercup family (*Ranunculaceae*).
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolida_regalis]
forking larkspur plant
PLANTS:CORE2
field larkspur
Consolida regalis Gray
consolida regalis
field larkspur
rocket-larkspur
royal knight's-spur
Consolida regalis
deer
Cervidae
Matricaria chamomilla
moose
MSW3:14200208
Eurasian elk
elk
european elk, moose
Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)
Alces alces Linnaeus, 1758
alces alces
eurasian elk
Alces alces
Capreolus
european roe deer
MSW3:14200217
Western roe deer
Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758
capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus
Cervus
The red deer (*Cervus elaphus*) is one of the largest deer species. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Asia Minor, parts of western Asia, and central Asia. It also inhabits the Atlas Mountains region between Morocco and Tunisia in northwestern Africa.
red deer
MSW3:14200352
red deer
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
"[it is] the only species of deer to inhabit Africa. Red deer have been introduced to other areas, including Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. In many parts of the world, the meat (venison) from red deer is used as a food source." - Wikipedia.
Cervus elaphus
Cyperoideae
sika deer
MSW3:14200371
sika deer
Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838
cervus nippon
Cervus nippon
reindeer
MSW3:14200328
caribou
reindeer
Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758
caribou
rangifer tarandus
Rangifer tarandus
Odocoileus
mule deer
MSW3:14200267
mule deer
Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque, 1817
odocoileus hemionus
Odocoileus hemionus
white-tailed deer
MSW3:14200278
white-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780
odocoileus virginianus
Odocoileus virginianus
Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis
Odocoileinae
canary dentex
CEC1993:763
Canary dentex
Dentex canariensis Steindachner, 1881
dentex canariensis
Dentex canariensis
pink dentex
CEC1993:766
pink dentex
Dentex gibbosus
Dentex gibbosus (Rafinesque, 1810)
dentex gibbosus
Dentex gibbosus
large-eyed dentex
CEC1993:767
large-eye dentex
Dentex macrophthalmus (Bloch, 1791)
dentex macrophtalmus
Dentex macrophthalmus
morocco dentex
CEC1993:768
Morocco dentex
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830
Dentex maroccanus Valenciennes, 1830
dentex maroccanus
Dentex maroccanus
The blackspot seabream (*Pagellus bogaraveo*), also known as the red seabream, is a fish species in *Sparidae* family. It is widespread in the Eastern Atlantic from Norway, Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Blanc in Mauritania, Madeira, Canary Islands, and western Mediterranean; it has been also reported from Iceland. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackspot_seabream]
red sea bream
CEC1993:782
EC:No 216/2009 SBR
blackspot seabream
Pagellus bogaraveo
Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1768)
blackspot seabream
pagellus bogaraveo
red seabream
Pagellus bogaraveo
blotched picarel
Spicara maena
Giraffidae
Modiolus barbatus
An African artiodactyl mammal of Genus Giraffa, and the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant.
giraffe
2019-12-03T19:09:20Z
Giraffa
Bovidae
Barbary sheep
aoudad
Ammotragus lervia
Members of the genus *Bison* are large, even-toed ungulates within the subfamily *Bovinae*. Two extant and four extinct species are recognized. The surviving species are the American bison, also known as the American buffalo (although it is only distantly related to the true buffalo), *Bison bison*, found in North America, and the European bison, or wisent (*Bison bonasus*), found in Europe and the Caucasus. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the plains bison, *Bison bison bison*, and the wood bison, *Bison bison athabascae*. While all bison species are usually grouped into their own genus, they are sometimes included in the closely related genus *Bos*, together with cattle, gaur, kouprey and yaks, with which bison have a limited ability to interbreed.
WIKIPEDIA:Bison
bison spp.
Bison
american bison
MSW3:14200669
American bison
Bison
Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bison Linnaeus, 1758
american buffalo
bison bison
Bison bison
european bison
MSW3:14200670
European bison
bison
wisent
Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bison bonasus Linnaeus, 1758
bison bonasus
wisent
Bison bonasus
oxen, cattle
Bos
*Glebionis coronaria*, formerly called *Chrysanthemum coronarium*, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. *Glebionis coronaria* is used as a leaf vegetable. English language common names include garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum greens, edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chop suey green, crown daisy, and Japanese-green. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glebionis_coronaria]
garland chrysanthemum plant
CCPR:
PLANTS:GLCO6
Garland chrysanthemum
crown daisy
Chrysanthemum coronarium L.
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach
Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev
Glebionis coronarium (L.) Tzvelev
chrysanthemum coronarium
chrysanthemum, garland
crown daisy
glebionis coronarium
japanese-green
kor tongho
shungiku
Glebionis coronaria
black butterfish
Hyperoglyphe pringlei
A species of wild cattle found in Southeast Asia.
banteng
MSW3:14200683
Bos javanicus
banteng
tembadau
wild banteng
Bos javanicus d'Alton, 1823
Bos javanicus
goldband fusilier
Pterocaesio chrysozona
Paracaesio
Cattle (colloquially cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily *Bovinae*, are the most widespread species of the genus *Bos*, and are most commonly classified collectively as *Bos taurus*... with three subspecies: *Bos taurus primigenius, Bos taurus indicus, Bos taurus taurus*.
cattle
MSW3:14200687
Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758
bovine
cattle
cow
dairy cow
domestic cattle
domestic cow
ox
Bos taurus
Bubalus
Capra
bezoar ibex
wild goat
Capra aegagrus
MSW3:14200776
domestic goat
goat
goats
Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758
capra hircus
Capra hircus
2023-07-05T02:00:33Z
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl.
broom druif
lannea edulis
lannea velutuna
odina edulis
wild grape plant
Lannea edulis
natal orange plant
PLANTS:STSP8
Strychnos spinosa Lam.
brehmia spinosa
elephant orange
kaffir orange
monkey ball
strychnos laxa
strychnos spinosa
Strychnos spinosa
gazelle
gazelles
Gazella
Serra Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus brasiliensis
monterey spanish mackerel
CEC1993:978
Monterey Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus concolor
Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879)
scomberomorus concolor
Scomberomorus concolor
indo-pacific king mackerel
CEC1993:979
Indo-Pacific king mackerel
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
scomberomorus guttatus
Scomberomorus guttatus
atlantic spanish mackerel
CEC1993:982
Spanish mackerel
Spanish mackerel
scomberomorus maculatus
seer
Scomberomorus maculatus
Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815)
Scomberomorus maculatus
[Public domain]
NOAA
cero
CEC1993:988
cero
Scomberomorus regalis
Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793)
scomberomorus regalis
Scomberomorus regalis
pacific sierra
FDA.RFE.2010:62
Pacific sierra
Scomberomorus sierra
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895
Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks in Jordan, 1895
scomberomorus sierra
sierra, pacific
Scomberomorus sierra
West African Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus tritor
Ovis
The mouflon (*Ovis aries orientalis* group) is a subspecies group of the wild sheep *Ovis aries*. Populations of *Ovis aries* can be partitioned into the mouflons (*orientalis* group) and urials or arkars (*vignei* group). The mouflon is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds.
mouflon
WIKIPEDIA:Ovis_aries_orientalis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg/640px-Muffelwild12.4.2008_007.jpg
MSW3:14200833
mouflon
Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758
Ovis aries orientalis Gmelin, 1774
moufflon
ovis aries orientalis
Ovis aries musimon
spiny spider crab
Maja squinado
domestic sheep
lambs
sheep
wild sheep
Ovis aries
Tragelaphus
greater kudu
MSW3:14200746
greater kudu
Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas, 1766
tragelaphus strepsiceros
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
lesser kudu
MSW3:14200730
lesser kudu
Tragelaphus imberbis (Blyth, 1869)
Tragelaphus imberbis Blyth, 1869
tragelaphus imberbis
Tragelaphus imberbis
Antilopinae
african forest elephant
MSW3:11500010
African forest elephant
West African elephant
Loxodonta cyclotis (Matschie, 1900)
Loxodonta cyclotis Matschie, 1900
loxodonta cyclotis
Loxodonta cyclotis
Cephalophinae
Cephalophus
Curcuma
cape spiny lobster
CEC1993:1248
South African cape rock lobster
South African spiny lobster
west coast rock lobster
Jasus lalandii
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne Edwards 1837)
Jasus lalandii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)
Jasus lalandii (Milne Edwards 1837)
cape rock lobster
jasus lalandii
panulirus lalandii
Jasus lalandii
Caprinae
The African buffalo, affalo, nyati, mbogo or Cape buffalo (*Syncerus caffer*), is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild Asian water buffalo, but its ancestry remains unclear. Owing to its unpredictable nature, which makes it highly dangerous to humans, it has not been domesticated unlike its Asian counterpart the domestic Asian water buffalo.
african buffalo
WIKIPEDIA:Syncerus_caffer
MSW3:14200707
African buffalo
Syncerus caffer (Sparrman, 1779)
Syncerus caffer Sparrman, 1779
cape buffalo
syncerus caffer
Syncerus caffer
western australian gizzard shad
Western Australian gizzard shad
Nematalosa vlaminghi
Nematalosa vlaminghi (Munro, 1956)
bony bream
fluvialosa vlaminghi
nematalosa vlaminghi
perth herring
western australia river gizzard shad
Nematalosa vlaminghi
Cherax tenuimanus
Paranephrops
rabbits and hares
Leporidae
speckled Maori wrasse
Oxycheilinus arenatus
hares
Lepus
european hare
European hare
Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778
brown hare
lepus europaeus
Lepus europaeus
A species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (including Spain, Portugal and western France) and to northwest Africa (including Morocco and Algeria).
European rabbit
2019-09-11T05:30:04Z
European rabbit
Japanese white rabbit
domestic rabbit
rabbit
rabbits
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rodent
Rodentia
woodchuck
groundhog
woodchuck
woodchucks
Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758)
groundhog
marmota monax
Marmota monax
Mammea africana is a tree that occurs from Senegal east to western Uganda, and south to DR Congo and northern Angola, and is used for wood and fruit products.
mammea africana tree
PLANTS:MAAF2
african mammee-apple tree
african mammyapple tree
mammea africana
Mammea africana Sabine
Mammea africana
old world ground squirrels
Spermophilus
The domesticated feline mammal, Felis catus, which is kept as a house pet.
feline
Cat
Any member of four genera of the rodent family Cricetidae; short-tailed Old World burrowing rodents with large cheek pouches.
Hamster
Any of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridae.
Mouse
A collective generic term that refers here to a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states.
Damion's note: countries are considered material entities, but at moment ENVO "national geopolitical entity" is a site. It will need to be moved to a material entity in order for countries to be placed under it. For now, we use NCIT's "Country" term.
Country
A substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume.
Liquid
A substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding).
mixed
Mixture
A cutting device usually consisting of a sharpened blade attached to a handle.
Knife Device
Any of the occasions for eating food that occur by custom or habit at more or less fixed times.
Meal
The first meal of the day (usually in the morning).
Breakfast
A midday meal sometimes also called dinner.
Lunch
The evening meal, usually the main meal of the day.
Supper
Any of the four periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices.
Season
The season between the winter solstice and the vernal equinox.
Winter
The season between the vernal equinox and the summer solstice.
Spring
The season between the summer solstice and the autumnal equinox.
Summer
The season between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice.
Autumn
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
branch derived
planned process
Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing.
processed material
A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
measuring
scientific observation
OBI branch derived
assay
A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material
material transformation
OBI branch derived
material processing
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
GROUP: OBI
organization
an assay objective to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte in the evaluant
PPPB branch
analyte measurement objective
an objective specification to determine a specified type of information about an evaluated entity (the material entity bearing evaluant role)
PPPB branch
assay objective
An assay with the objective to capture information about the presence, concentration, or amount of an analyte in an evaluant.
Alan Ruttenberg
Bjoern Peters
Helen Parkinson
OBI Planned process branch
Philippe Rocca-Serra
analyte assay
Data representational model is an information content entity of the relationships between data items. A data representational model is encoded in a data format specification such as for cytoscape or biopax.
data structure
data structure specification
GROUP: OBI
data representational model
A planned process with the objective of collecting a specimen.
specimen collection
specimen collection process
A data item that is produced as the output of an averaging data transformation and represents the average value of the input data.
arithmetic mean
average value
A measurement datum that is reported on a categorical scale.
nominal mesurement datum
Bjoern Peters
categorical measurement datum
A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time
container
A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent.
instrument
OBI development call 2012-12-17.
device
A time measurement datum that is the measure of the time when the specimens are collected.
collection date
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
specimen collection time measurement datum
A directive information entity which defines and states a principle of standard by which selection process may take place.
selection rule
OBI discussion summarized under the following tracker item : http://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/678/
selection criterion
An organization that provides a service to store and distribute specimens
NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
specimen repository organization
A value specification that specifies the mass of some thing.
mass value specification
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
categorical value specification
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
scalar value specification
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
value specification
A value specification that specifies the temperature of some thing.
OBI
temperature value specification
A value specification that specifies the volume of some thing.
OBI
volume value specification
A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs.
WEB: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism
organism
A planned process that produces output data from input data.
data analysis
data processing
Branch editors
data transformation
An arithmetic mean calculation is a descriptive statistics calculation in which the mean is calculated by taking the sum of all of the observations in a data set divided by the total number of observations. It gives a measure of the 'center of gravity' for the data set. It is also known as the first moment.
PERSON: James Malone
PERSON: Monnie McGee
arithmetic mean calculation
An averaging data transformation is a data transformation that has objective averaging.
PERSON: James Malone
averaging data transformation
A center calculation data transformation is a data transformation that has objective of center calculation.
PERSON: James Malone
center calculation data transformation
A descriptive statistical calculation data transformation is a data transformation that has objective descriptive statistical calculation and which concerns any calculation intended to describe a feature of a data set, for example, its center or its variability.
PERSON: James Malone
descriptive statistical calculation data transformation
A material entity that is added to another material entity in an “adding a material entity into a target” process.
IEDB
material to be added
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities
quality
A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
age
A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
color
A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts.
composition
A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance.
concentration of
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
biological sex
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced
hardness
A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure.
morphology
qualitative
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average.
deviation (from_normal)
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
size
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical dimension of extension.
height
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
length
A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
structure
A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
temperature
A quality in which events occur in sequence.
time
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population.
viability
A quality of a single physical entity which is held by a bearer when the latter exhibits a state of growth, differentiation, or development.
maturity
An age which is relatively high.
old
An age which is relatively low.
young
A color that lacks any hues as parts.
black
A color hue with low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers.
blue
A color consisting of green and blue hue.
cyan
A color hue with medium-low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 nanometers.
green
A color consisting of red and blue hues.
magenta
A color hue with high wavelength of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers.
red
An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths.
white
A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers.
yellow
A color quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having color.
colored
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
female
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
male
A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure.
hard
A hardness quality of giving little resistance to pressure.
soft
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having arrived at the onset of puberty (the age at which sex glands become functional) but not yet fully mature.
pubescent
A height which is relatively low.
decreased height
A height which is relatively high.
increased height
A length quality which is relatively large.
increased length
A length quality which is relatively small.
decreased length
A size quality which is relatively high.
increased size
A size quality which is relatively low.
decreased size
A thickness which is relatively high.
increased thickness
A thickness which is relatively low.
decreased thickness
A width which is relatively small.
decreased width
A width which is relatively large.
increased width
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width.
Damion Dooley's note: A measure of thickness is usually the smallest diameter of an object.
thickness
A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies.
volume
A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
width
A color between white and black colors.
grey
A color that falls about midway between red and blue in hue.
purple
A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity.
brown
A color hue with high-medium wavelength that of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between red and yellow, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 585 to 620 nanometers.
orange
Red color having medium to high brightness and low to moderate saturation.
pink
A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.
viscosity
A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity.
viscous
A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities.
physical quality
A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration.
concentrated
A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average.
increased concentration
A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average.
decreased concentration
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis.
larval
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the age immediately before puberty.
prepubescent
A maturity quality inhering in a insect by virtue of the bearer's being in the chrysalis (cocoon) or post larval stage.
pupal
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in an inactive stage in the development of some insects, between the larval and the pupal stages.
prepupal
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being between the onset of puberty and maturity.
adolescent
A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being not fully grown or developed.
juvenile
A quality which inheres in a continuant.
physical object quality
A color consisting of blue hue and high brightness.
light blue
A color consisting of blue hue and low brightness.
dark blue
A color consisting of brown hue and low brightness.
dark brown
A color consisting of brown hue and high brightness.
light brown
A color consisting of cyan hue and high brightness.
light cyan
A color consisting of cyan hue and low brightness.
dark cyan
A color consisting of green hue and low brightness.
dark green
A color consisting of green hue and high brightness.
light green
A color consisting of grey color and low brightness.
dark grey
A color consisting of grey color and high brightness.
light grey
A color consisting of magenta color and high brightness.
light magenta
A color consisting of magenta with low brightness.
dark magenta
A color consisting of orange hue and high brightness.
light orange
A color consisting of orange color and low brightness.
dark orange
Pink color having high brightness and moderate saturation.
light deep pink
Pink color having medium brightness and moderate saturation.
deep pink
A color consisting of purple color and low brightness.
dark purple
A color consisting of purple color and high brightness.
light purple
A color consisting of red hue and low brightness.
dark red
A color consisting of red hue and high brightness.
light red
A color consisting of yellow hue and low brightness.
dark yellow
A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness.
light yellow
A color consisting of blue hue and high saturation.
saturated blue
A color consisting of blue hue and low saturation.
desaturated blue
A color consisting of brown hue and high saturation.
saturated brown
A color consisting of brown hue and low saturation.
desaturated brown
A color consisting of cyan colour and high saturation.
saturated cyan
A color consisting of cyan colour and low saturation.
desaturated cyan
A color consisting of green hue and high saturation.
saturated green
A color consisting of green hue and low saturation.
desaturated green
A color consisting of magenta color and high saturation.
saturated magenta
A color consisting of magenta color and low saturation.
desaturated magenta
A color consisting of orange hue and high saturation.
saturated orange
A color consisting of orange hue and low saturation.
desaturated orange
Pink color having medium brightness and low saturation.
dark pale pink
A color consisting of purple color and high saturation.
saturated purple
A color consisting of purple color and low saturation.
desaturated purple
A color consisting of red hue and high saturation.
saturated red
A color consisting of red hue and low saturation.
desaturated red
A color consisting of yellow hue and high saturation.
saturated yellow
A color consisting of yellow hue and low saturation.
desaturated yellow
A color consisting of red and brown hue.
red brown
A color consisting of red and brown hue and low brightness.
dark red brown
A color consisting of red and brown hue and high brightness.
light red brown
An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
optical quality
A color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray.
vermilion
A temperature which is relatively high.
increased temperature
A temperature which is relatively low.
decreased temperature
A temperature which is increased by a low degree.
mild increased temperature
A temperature which is increased by a medium degree.
moderate increased temperature
A temperature which is increased by a high degree.
severe increased temperature
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
diameter
A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and female sexual organs in one individual.
hermaphrodite
A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's condition before death.
alive
A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life.
dead
A color hue with very low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between reddish blue or bluish purple, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 380 nanometers.
violet
A color hue consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness.
rosy
A color consisting of purple and brown hue.
maroon
A depth which is relatively low.
decreased depth
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development.
immature
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
flexibility
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
flexible
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
inflexible
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
quality of a solid
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.
quality of a gas
A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape.
quality of a liquid
A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension.
depth
A depth quality which is relatively high.
increased depth
An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle.
circumference
A viscosity which relatively high.
increased viscosity
A viscosity which relatively low.
decreased viscosity
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development.
mature
A color consisting of violet hue and high saturation.
saturated violet
A color consisting of violet hue and low saturation.
desaturated violet
A color consisting of violet hue and high brightness.
light violet
A color consisting of violet hue and low brightness.
dark violet
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
1-D extent
A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
3-D extent
An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it.
perimeter
A perimeter which is relatively high.
increased perimeter
A perimeter which is relatively low.
decreased perimeter
A diameter which is relatively large.
increased diameter
A diameter which is relatively small.
decreased diameter
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids.
liquid configuration
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of solids.
solid configuration
A flexibility which is relatively high.
increased flexibility
A flexibility which is relatively low.
decreased flexibility
A thickness quality which lacks pattern.
irregular thickness
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the quantities or relative ratios of water of the inhering entity.
water composition
A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the reduction in amount of water the bearer contains.
decreased water composition
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of one sex and external sexual characteristics of the other sex.
pseudohermaphrodite
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of male and external sexual characteristics of female.
male pseudohermaphrodite
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of female and external sexual characteristics of male.
female pseudohermaphrodite
A quality of a liquid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to mix with (dissolve in) another liquid.
miscibility
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical expression of sexual characteristics.
phenotypic sex
A circumference which is relatively high.
increased circumference
A circumference which is relatively low.
decreased circumference
A color consisting of yellow and green hues.
yellow green
A color consisting of brown and green hues.
brown green
A purple color which has low saturation and low brightness.
lilac
A color consisting of yellow and orange hue.
yellow orange
A moderate yellow-orange to orange color.
ochre
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point.
frozen
A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism.
organismal quality
Pink color having high brightness and low saturation.
pale pink
A diameter that is along the anterior-posterior axis.
anterior-posterior diameter
An anterior-posterior diameter quality which is relatively small.
decreased anterior-posterior diameter
An anterior-posterior diameter quality which is relatively large.
increased anterior-posterior diameter
A solid configuration inhering in a material entity by virtue of its constituent atoms, molecules, or ions being arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.
crystal configuration
A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure and fibrous.
scirrhous
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten.
edibility
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being suitable for use as food.
edible
A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer not being suitable for use as food.
inedible
A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc.
molecular quality
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.
quality of a substance
A maturity quality inhering to a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the point or short after birth.
neonatal
A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased quality
A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average.
decreased object quality
A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average.
increased object quality
A medium brown color with a metallic sheen, resembles the actual alloy bronze.
bronze
Female quality of having complete, unaltered reproductive organs
intact female
Male quality of having complete, unaltered reproductive organs.
intact male
Male quality of being incapable to reproduce because of functional loss of the testicles from surgical removal or chemical means.
castrated male
A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes from the center of a circle to any endpoint on the circular boundary. The radius is half of the diameter.
radius
A colour that is very pale yellowish brown.
beige
A color consisting of yellow and brown hue.
yellow brown
A color consisting of yellow and brown hue and low brightness.
dark yellow brown
A color consisting of yellow and brown hue and high brightness.
light yellow brown
A hardness quality of giving significant resistance to pressure.
firm
A diameter that remains constant throughout the extent of an entity.
uniform diameter
Female quality of being incapable to reproduce because of functional loss of the ovaries and/or uterus from surgical removal.
spayed female
A width and length quality which is relatively small, where both width and length are decreased.
decreased width and length
A width and length quality that is relatively large, where both width and length are increased.
increased width and length
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population who are otherwise male of a non-hermaphroditic species who has ambiguous or atypical congenital development of the reproductive system.
male with DSD
A phenotypic sex quality inhering in a plant organism or a population of plants in which the flowers have two stamens.
diandrous
A phenotypic sex quality inhering in a plant organism or a population of plants in which the flowers have only one stamen.
monandrous
A sequential hermaphroditic quality whereby organisms start out as female and change to male at a later life stage.
protogynous
A sequential hermaphroditic quality whereby organisms start out as male and change to female at a later life stage.
protandrous
A protogynous quality whereby organisms start out as female and change to hermaphrodite at a later life stage.
protogynous hermaphroditism
A protandrous quality whereby organisms start out as male and change to hermaphrodite at a later life stage.
protandrous hermaphroditism
A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population who are otherwise female of a non-hermaphroditic species who has ambiguous or atypical congenital development of the reproductive system.
female with DSD
A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average.
normal object quality
A flexibility which is relatively normal or average.
normal flexibility
A size quality which is relatively normal or average
normal size
A depth quality which is relatively normal or average
normal depth
A height which is relatively normal or average
normal height
A length quality which is relatively normal or average
normal length
A diameter which is relatively normal or average
normal diameter
An anterior-posterior diameter which is relatively normal or average
normal anterior-posterior diameter
A perimeter which is relatively normal or average
normal perimeter
A circumference which is relatively normal or average
normal circumference
A thickness which is relatively normal or average
normal thickness
A width which is relatively normal or average
normal width
A temperature which is relatively normal or average
normal temperature
A viscosity which is relatively normal or average
normal viscosity
A hermaphroditic quality that inheres in a population or organism where an organism changes is a different sexes during different life stages.
sequential hermaphrodite
A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength.
quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation
A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.
genet (broad)
ramet (broad)
FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0
FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967
FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2
FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0
FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba
FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b
FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8
PO_GIT:538
PO_GIT:69
planta entera (Spanish, exact)
植物体全体 (Japanese, exact)
bush (narrow)
frutex (narrow)
frutices (narrow, plural)
gametophyte (narrow)
herb (narrow)
liana (narrow)
prothalli (narrow, plural)
prothallium (narrow)
prothallus (narrow)
seedling (narrow)
shrub (narrow)
sporophyte (narrow)
suffrutex (narrow)
suffrutices (narrow, plural)
tree (narrow)
vine (narrow)
woody clump (narrow)
plant_anatomy
clonal colony (related)
colony (related)
PO:0000003
Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
whole plant
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025), borne on the stem (PO:0009047).
PO_GIT:302
hoja caulinar (Spanish, exact)
茎生葉、茎葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000013
In Arabidopsis, refers to the leaves that are borne on the elongated inflorescence branches. May ocur singly or pairs/whorls of leaves.
cauline leaf
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025) born in a circular pattern around a stem (PO:0009047) with compressed stem internodes (PO:0020142).
PO_GIT:302
hoja en roseta (Spanish, exact)
ロゼット葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000014
Arabidopsis, vegetative development is characterized by the production of the rosette leaves.
rosette leaf
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a cotyledon anlagen (PO:0025432) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
PO_GIT:466
cotyledon primordia (exact, plural)
portion of cotyledon primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de cotiledón (Spanish, exact)
子葉原基（可視的）(Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000015
cotyledon primordium
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a vascular leaf anlagen (PO:0025431) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
PO_GIT:466
leaf primordium (exact)
portion of vascular leaf primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de hoja (Spanish, exact)
vascular leaf primordia (exact, plural)
葉原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000017
vascular leaf primordium
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an ovule (PO:0020003).
PO_GIT:465
portion of ovule primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de óvulo (Spanish, exact)
胚珠原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000018
The transition from ovule primordium to ovule occurs when an integument (PO:0020021) begins to develop from the protoderm (PO:0006210).
ovule primordium
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of a gynoecium (PO:0009062).
PO_GIT:465
pistil primordium (exact)
portion of gynoecium primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de gineceo (Spanish, exact)
雌蕊原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000019
Use carpel primordium (PO:0004703) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual carpel (PO:0009030).
gynoecium primordium
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a petal anlagen (PO:0025484) and is committed to the development of a petal (PO:0009032).
PO_GIT:465
PO_GIT:466
petal primordia (exact, plural)
portion of petal primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de pétalo (Spanish, exact)
花弁原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000021
petal primordium
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127).
PO_GIT:234
ápice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000037
shoot axis apex
A root (PO:0009005) that is initiated in a developing plant embryo (PO:0009009).
PO_GIT:594
embryonic root (exact)
raíz embriónica (Spanish, exact)
初期の根、胚根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000045
embryo root
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
FNA:0eed275a-5dae-414a-bf36-81a08e6c6ba9
PO_GIT:124
yema (Spanish, exact)
芽 (Japanese, exact)
adventitious bud (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000055
bud
A bud that develops into a flower.
PO_GIT:124
floral bud (exact)
yema floral (Spanish, exact)
花芽 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000056
flower bud
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops into a vegetative shoot system (PO:0025607).
PO_GIT:124
PO_GIT:463
yema vegetativa (Spanish, exact)
枝芽 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0000058
vegetative bud
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
zona periférica (Spanish, exact)
周辺帯 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
peripheral meristem (related)
PO:0000225
peripheral zone
A portion of reproductive shoot apical meristem tissue (PO:0008028) that gives rise to the floral organs (PO:0025395).
PO:0006329
PO:0006373
PO:0006374
PO:0025091
floral meristem (exact)
mersitema floral (Spanish, exact)
花芽分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae floret meristem (narrow)
ear floret meristem (narrow)
floret meristem (narrow)
tassel floret meristem (narrow)
plant_anatomy
floral apical meristem (related)
PO:0000229
In Zea mays and other grasses, the floret meristem is part of a spikelet and develops into a specific type of floret. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the spikelet type that the meristem is part of. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet (PO:0009051), ear spikelet (PO:0006320), ear pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006348), ear sessile spikelet (PO:0006349), tassel spikelet (PO:0006309), tassel pedicellate spikelet (PO:0006312), tassel sessile spikelet (PO:0006311).
flower meristem
A reproductive shoot system development stage (PO:0025530) that has as primary participant a inflorescence (PO:0009049).
GRO:0007157
PO_GIT:517
plant_structure_development_stage
panicle development (related)
PO:0001083
inflorescence development stage
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0007134) that occurs during the interval between fertilization and the first cell division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423).
zygote stage (broad)
GRO:0007168
PO_GIT:399
plant_structure_development_stage
embryo stage EM1 (related)
one cell stage (related)
zygote in Arabidopsis (related)
PO:0001097
Precedes the sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134). Refers to the GO biological process term fertilization (GO:0009566).
plant zygote stage
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall.
CL:0000034
PO_GIT:272
célula meristemática (Spanish, exact)
stem cell (exact)
分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004010
meristematic cell
A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains meristematic, while the other is added to the plant body.
PO:0000070
PO_GIT:272
célula inicial (Spanish, exact)
initial (exact)
meristemoid (exact)
始原細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
stem cell (related)
PO:0004011
Initial cells are often part of a portion of tissue that is composed mostly of somewhat older, differentiating cells. The division of an initial cell is often uneven, with the smaller daughter cell remaining meristematic.
initial cell
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) outside the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) or the xylem (PO:0005352); in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
corteza (Spanish, exact)
portion of bark tissue (exact)
樹皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004518
Langual Defn: The woody external covering of the stem, branch or root of a plant, as distinct and separate from the wood itself.
bark
A swollen shoot axis (PO:0025029) that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below.
FNA:7a04b02c-8ac5-410a-99cd-b68ba80e8f14
PO_GIT:142
rizoma (Spanish, exact)
根茎=root stock (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
rootstock (related)
PO:0004542
In ferns and many monocots, a rhizome is a primary axis (stem), while in other species, it is a branch. Usually produces scale-like leaves.
rhizome
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that develops from a branch (PO:0025073) and is radially enlarged for storage.
diaspore (broad)
PO_GIT:127
shoot axis branch tuber (exact)
tubérculo (Spanish, exact)
tuber branch (exact)
シュート軸塊茎 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004543
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis.
shoot axis tuber
A shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) that develops below ground.
PO_GIT:615
tubérculo subterráneo (Spanish, exact)
地下塊茎 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004547
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. This term should be used for tubers derived from branches, as found in Solanum spp. (e.g. potato) or Dioscorea spp. (e.g. yam) and other species. Use the term tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476) for tubers derived from roots, such as those found in Cassava, Ipomoea, or Hemerocallis.
subterranean shoot axis tuber
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030).
PO_GIT:465
PO_GIT:466
carpel primordia (exact, plural)
portion of carpel primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de carpelo (Spanish, exact)
心皮原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004703
carpel primordium
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a stamen anlagen (PO:0025486) and is committed to the development of a stamen (PO:0009029).
PO_GIT:465
PO_GIT:466
portion of stamen primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de estambre (Spanish, exact)
stamen primordia (exact, plural)
雄蕊原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004705
stamen primordium
A bud (PO:0000055) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
PO_GIT:124
yema axilar (Spanish, exact)
腋芽 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0004709
axillary bud
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is between two shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004).
PO_GIT:146
internodo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート節間 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005005
shoot axis internode
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005).
PO_GIT:467
portion of root primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de raíz (Spanish, exact)
root primordia (exact, plural)
根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005029
A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
root primordium
A portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
PO_GIT:433
floema secundario (Spanish, exact)
portion of secondary phloem tissue (exact)
二次師部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005043
Secondary phloem develops as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117).
secondary phloem
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as parts sieve elements (PO:0025406).
PO_GIT:433
floema (Spanish, exact)
portion of phloem tissue (exact)
師部、師管 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005417
Functions in the conduction of organic substances in vascular plants.
phloem
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files.
PO_GIT:437
cambium (Spanish, exact)
形成層 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005597
This term is applied to only two types of meristems: vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and cork cambium/phellogen (PO:0005599).
cambium
A cambium (PO:0005597) that is located between and gives rise to secondary xylem (PO:0005848) and secondary phloem (PO:0005043).
PO_GIT:437
cambium vascular (Spanish, exact)
維管束形成層 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0005598
A vascular cambium produces cells in both directions, centrifugally and centrifically, leading to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
vascular cambium
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
filoma (Spanish, exact)
フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006001
phyllome
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
PO_GIT:427
esbozo de carpelo (Spanish, exact)
心皮原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006005
carpel anlagen
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
PO_GIT:472
PO_GIT:583
meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006079
shoot system meristem
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an anther (PO:0009066).
PO_GIT:465
portion of anther primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de la antera (Spanish, exact)
葯原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006089
anther primordium
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
PO_GIT:125
portion of protoderm tissue (exact)
protodermis (Spanish, exact)
前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
dermatogen cell (related)
PO:0006210
A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state.
protoderm
A spikelet (PO:0009051) that is part of the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136) and bears a single ear floret (PO:0006354) at maturity.
PO_GIT:536
oreja de la espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花）小穂 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006320
The ear spikelet forms with two ear florets (PO:0006354), but the lower one aborts during development.
ear spikelet
A vascular leaf that is part of a plant embryo and is one of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem.
embryonic leaf (exact)
hoja embriónica (Spanish, exact)
初期の葉、胚葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006338
This term is used to described not yet fully-developed leaves that are part of an embryo.
embryo leaf
A vascular leaf that is distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry.
PO_GIT:371
hoja juvenil (Spanish, exact)
維管束系幼葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006339
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. The first juvenile leaves in Poaceae are the embryonic leaves found in the grass kernel (caryopsis).
juvenile vascular leaf
A vascular leaf characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry.
PO_GIT:371
hoja adulta (Spanish, exact)
維管束系の成葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0006340
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. In some plants the juvenile leaves may go on to establish as adult leaves.
adult vascular leaf
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that develops from an inflorescence (PO:0009049) and has as parts each infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and all of the fruits (PO:0009001) borne by those axes.
PO_GIT:260
PO_GIT:261
PO_GIT:71
infructescencia (Spanish, exact)
果序 (Japanese, exact)
banana bunch (narrow)
plant_anatomy
fruit bunch (related)
PO:0006342
infructescence
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003).
PO_GIT:390
plant_structure_development_stage
Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related)
cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related)
maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related)
plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related)
rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related)
sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related)
wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related)
PO:0007033
whole plant development stage
A sporophyte vegetative stage (PO:0007134) which begins with the onset of a seed imbibition stage (PO:0007022) and ends with a radicle emergence stage (PO: 0007015), or a coleorhiza emergence stage (PO:0025475), as a result of the growth by the plant embryo (PO:0004537) in a seed (PO:0009010).
GO:0009845
GRO:0007003
GRO:0007043
GRO:0007051
MaizeGDB:64055
PO_GIT:595
PO_REF:00013
SGN:0000003
SOY:0000001
TAIR:0000393
plant_structure_development_stage
0 Germination in soybean (related)
0 germination in Solanaceae (related)
0 germination in maize (related)
00-germination in maize (related)
01-germination in Triticeae (related)
01-germination in barley (related)
01-germination in oat (related)
01-germination in rice (related)
01-germination in wheat (related)
BBCH principal growth stage 0 (related)
germination in Arabidopsis (related)
maize growth stage-0 (related)
rice growth stage-1 (related)
PO:0007057
seed germination stage
A sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002) that occurs during the interval between the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423) and the formation of a sporangium (PO:0025094).
GRO:0007139
PO_GIT:395
SGN:0000002
TAIR:0000305
plant_structure_development_stage
A vegetative growth in Solanaceae (related)
A-vegetative stage in rice (related)
vegetative in Arabidopsis (related)
PO:0007134
Succeeds a plant zygote stage (PO:0001097). A sporophyte may begin to senesce or die from other causes before producing sporangia. Developmental vegetative growth (GO:0080186) can also occur during the reproductive stage.
sporophyte vegetative stage
Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features.
PO:0007011
plant_structure_development_stage
root development stage (related)
PO:0007520
At present the stages are described for primary, lateral and crown roots and stages for adventitious root formed by wounding or hormone treatment is not described. Finer resolution of root stages has been kept in the obsolete node as they are not consistently used in the consulted literature. These terms will be reintroduced into the ontology when there is a specific user request.
root development stage
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs.
PO_GIT:36
meristema vegetativo apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
栄養シュート頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
vegetative meristem (related)
PO:0008016
vegetative shoot apical meristem
A vascular leaf that is part of an heteroblastic series, and is characterized by anatomical features that are intermediate between juvenile and adult leaves.
PO_GIT:371
hoja de transición (Spanish, exact)
維管束植物の幼葉と成熟葉の移行期の葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0008018
Many species have juvenile leaves at the base of the stem, adult leaves at the apex, and transition leaves in between. In maize, juvenile leaves are at the tip of the stalk (stem), which differentiates first, with adult leaves at the base, while other grasses may have other arrangements. Transition leaves may have mosaics of juvenile and adult tissues, as in Brachypodium.
transition vascular leaf
A shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.
PO_GIT:36
meristema apical reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート頂端 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0008028
reproductive shoot apical meristem
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062), or a single carpel (PO:0009030), and at maturity may have as parts one or more seeds (PO:0009010).
PO:0020067
PO:0020068
PO:0020069
PO:0020070
PO:0020071
PO:0020072
PO:0020073
PO:0020074
PO:0020076
PO:0020077
PO:0020078
PO:0020079
PO:0020080
PO:0020082
PO:0020083
PO:0020087
PO:0020107
aggregate fruit (broad)
compound fruit (broad)
dehiscent fruit (broad)
diaspore (broad)
indehiscent fruit (broad)
multiple fruit (broad)
propagule (broad)
FNA:67fa41ae-b735-4d89-b5db-7631b873ef7a
FNA:c13b1312-1cc5-4ace-98e2-fde12aec09da
PO_GIT:76
frucht (exact, German)
fruto (exact, Spanish)
果実 (exact, Japanese)
coenocarp (narrow)
syncarp (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009001
A fruit (PO:0009001) may contain additional plant structures (PO:0009011) that were part of a flower (PO:0009046) and mature along with the gynoecium, such as a receptacle (PO:0009064). A fruit may develop without fertilization in cases of parthenocarpy, apomixis, or other hormone-induced conditions and may not always contain seeds (PO:0009010). When annotating to fruit (PO:0009001) that are referred to as ‘aggregate’, ‘multiple’, or ‘compound’, please annotate directly to the appropriate plant structure, such as receptacle, hypanthium (PO:0009065) or infructescence (PO:0006342). Fruits only occur in angiosperms.
fruit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_anatomy
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
cell (broad)
GO:0005623
PO_GIT:56
célula vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009002
Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
plant cell
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately.
PO:0003006
FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f
PO_GIT:578
raíz (Spanish, exact)
radices (exact, plural)
radix (exact)
根 (Japanese, exact)
aerial root (narrow)
climbing root (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009005
Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034).
root
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them.
FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9
FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85
PO_GIT:135
sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
tree crown (narrow)
plant_anatomy
Poaceae crown (related)
shoot (related)
thalli (related, plural)
thallus (related)
PO:0009006
The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system.
shoot system
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
portion of tissue (broad)
tissue (broad)
PO_GIT:59
porción de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
plant tissue (related)
PO:0009007
A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts.
portion of plant tissue
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
organ (broad)
PATO:01503
PO_GIT:55
órgano vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 器官 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
compound plant organ (related)
simple plant organ (related)
PO:0009008
Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
plant organ
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
embryo (broad)
PO_GIT:92
embrión (Spanish, exact)
植物胚 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
germ (related)
PO:0009009
A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
plant embryo
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that develops from a plant ovule (PO:0020003) and has as parts a plant embryo (PO:0009009) enclosed in a seed coat (PO:0009088).
diaspore (broad)
FNA:f5c50e73-61e3-48ec-b918-6f85b3f40738
PO_GIT:405
semilla (Spanish, exact)
shelled seed
種子 (Japanese, exact)
pyrene (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009010
A seed generally develops from an ovule (PO:0020003) after fertilization, but may develop without fertilization in the case of apogamy (e.g., adventitious embryos or somatic embryos). A seed is a reproductive unit of seed plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and fossil pteridosperms).
seed
A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
PO_GIT:57
estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009011
'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
plant structure
A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes.
PO:0007021
PO_GIT:185
TAIR:0000205
etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact)
plant growth and development stage (exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
Arabidopsis growth (related)
PO:0009012
Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'.
plant structure development stage
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
PO_GIT:472
meristem (exact)
meristema (Spanish, exact)
meristematic tissue (exact)
分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009013
portion of meristem tissue
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406).
BTO:0001432
PO_GIT:431
porción de tejido vascular (Spanish, exact)
vascular tissue (exact)
維管束細胞の一部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
vascular system (related)
PO:0009015
Functions in conduction and support. In shoot axes (PO:0025029), vascular tissue is often found as part of a shoot axis stele (PO:0025198) or as scattered vascular bundles (PO:0005020). May include other types of tissues or cells, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407).
portion of vascular tissue
A leaf (PO:0025034) in a vascular plant.
FNA:06544712-db97-4208-b188-c4b756a53c72
FNA:30c47c20-f459-4518-8657-feed7eb92fe4
FNA:30d8bef3-ad1a-44ed-a995-24c3e342aefd
FNA:8654d268-1e4c-4edf-b937-82a965b4edef
FNA:87e7efa9-89d7-4249-be74-bc22a0466a05
FNA:a4dc40f4-92f9-4ba5-b616-a84564f63fed
FNA:a97f1513-7684-49d4-92f5-934d1c8b3e1c
FNA:c1142d9b-c42a-45e1-93ac-9cbe9575321e
FNA:c26c826a-30d6-494e-a2f1-05540465c9fc
FNA:d3928bf3-1d8a-4fe5-a728-95c13c3a0f90
FNA:d894ba18-4523-484c-abab-26d1cac75bc4
PO_GIT:137
foliage leaf (exact)
hoja vascular (Spanish, exact)
leaf, vascular (exact)
vascular leaves (exact, plural)
維管束のある葉, または維管束植物の葉 (Japanese, exact)
ascidia (narrow)
ascidium (narrow)
fiddlehead (narrow)
frond (narrow)
needle-like leaf (narrow)
pitcher (narrow)
pitcher blade (narrow)
pitcher-blade (narrow)
scale-like leaf (narrow)
sterile frond (narrow)
trophophyll (narrow)
plant_anatomy
crozier (related)
macrophyll (related)
megaphyll (related)
PO:0009025
Has vascular tissue. From APweb Glossary: In angiosperms, commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body, a structure usually of determinate growth, without secondary thickening, and of superficial origin, often flattened and photosynthetic in part, and in the axil of which is found a bud. Occurs in the sporophytic phase of a plant life cycle.
vascular leaf
A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne.
esporofilo (Spanish, exact)
spore leaf (exact)
胞子葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009026
sporophyll
A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel.
FNA:8e8e55b5-2c05-4089-b43c-3bcf5692c2a2
FNA:ae5076ce-3553-419a-af95-07c2062ad4e0
FNA:c54df958-9c56-49e7-8ed8-64e36c9f42ed
megasporofilo (Spanish, exact)
大胞子葉 (Japanese, exact)
cone scale (narrow)
ovuliferous scale (narrow)
plant_anatomy
macrosporophyll (related)
PO:0009027
megasporophyll
A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen.
microsporofilo (Spanish, exact)
小胞子葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009028
microsporophyll
A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia.
PO:0006441
PO:0006472
estambre (Spanish, exact)
雄蕊 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae stamen (narrow)
Zea stamen (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009029
Part of tassel floret.
stamen
A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s).
PO:0006455
PO:0006470
pistil (broad)
PO_GIT:470
carpelo (Spanish, exact)
心皮 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae carpel (narrow)
Zea carpel (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009030
In some cases, a gynoecium (PO:0009062) may consist of only one carpel, in which case annotations should go on carpel (PO:0009030). The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium, but if a gynoecium consists of a single carpel, then pistil may be used synonymously with carpel. If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
carpel
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is part of the corolla (PO:0009059), and is usually colored (not green).
PO_GIT:542
pétalo (Spanish, exact)
花弁 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009032
In some species the petal (PO:0009032) may not be colored.
petal
A determinate reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as part at least one carpel (PO:0009030) or at least one stamen (PO:0009029) and does not contain any other determinate shoot system (PO:0009006) as a part.
PO:0004541
PO_GIT:160
PO_GIT:259
flor (Spanish, exact)
花 (Japanese, exact)
Asteraceae floret (narrow)
basal flower (narrow)
double flower (narrow)
hermaphrodite flower (narrow)
monoclinous flower (narrow)
perfect flower (narrow)
plant_anatomy
floret (related)
PO:0009046
The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. May have as part one or more petals, sepals or tepals. May contain one or more pistillode (PO:0009078), staminode (PO:0009077) or other aborted organs that don't show up in mature form.
flower
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the primary axis of a plant.
FNA:201dbd71-51cd-4138-8f61-3c3fdd55d02d
FNA:3c0e37e8-e363-4962-847e-5f9f2906d0f8
FNA:58fb080c-dd6b-4172-b564-737091c72980
FNA:a5ba9e16-e0af-4430-a3a0-7aeb052fbffd
FNA:cea24c10-d5ff-435f-aa40-db77dcbd27f0
PO_GIT:52
PO_GIT:96
caña (Spanish, exact)
culm (exact)
eje primario (Spanish, exact)
primary axis (exact)
primary stem (exact)
tallo (Spanish, exact)
tronco (Spanish, exact)
茎 (Japanese, exact)
bole (narrow)
cane (narrow)
caudex (narrow)
caudices (narrow, plural)
core (narrow)
primocane (narrow)
scape (narrow)
stalk (narrow)
trunk (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009047
A stem often bears leaves and buds. It is usually above ground, and is more or less negatively geotropic.
stem
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that has as parts all of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and flowers (PO:0009046; must have two or more) distal to the most distal leaf (PO:0009025).
PO:0009048
PO:0009050
PO:0020088
PO:0020111
PO:0020112
PO:0020113
PO:0020114
PO:0020115
PO:0020116
PO:0020117
PO:0020118
PO:0020119
PO:0020120
PO_GIT:260
PO_GIT:71
inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
花序 (Japanese, exact)
Triticeae spike (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009049
An inflorescence is a reproductive shoot system from which at least two flowers develop. The growth pattern of an inflorescence may be monopodial (single main shoot axis), sympodial (growth only occurs from axillary meristems), or both. An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) can be determinate or indeterminate. An inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052) is the ultimate axis in an inflorescence. The flower (PO:0009046) of many plants, for example Magnolia spp., is solitary.
inflorescence
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) that is the ultimate and congested, higher order inflorescence axis (PO:0009081) of the grasses.
PO_GIT:383
PO_GIT:71
espiguilla (Spanish, exact)
小穂 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009051
It consists of one to many closely-packed spikelet florets (PO:0009082) and associated glumes (PO:0009039).
spikelet
A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.
PO_GIT:79
pedúnculo (Spanish, exact)
花梗（総梗） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
inflorescence stem (related)
PO:0009053
In plants with single flowers, the peduncle ends with a flower. In plants with inflorescences, the peduncle is the basal end of the primary inflorescence axis, and it ends where the inflorescence begins to branch. The peduncle marks the axial transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In branching inflorescences, the second order inflorescence axis from the point at which it leaves the main axis up to the point at which it branches again may be called the second order peduncle. Higher order peduncles are also possible.
peduncle
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that includes as parts the corolla (PO:0009059) and/or the calyx (PO:0009060); or one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
PO_GIT:71
PO_GIT:98
perianto (Spanish, exact)
花蓋、花被 (Japanese, exact)
adnate perianth (narrow)
calyptra perianth (narrow)
plant_anatomy
connate perianth (related)
PO:0009058
The perianth can consist of only the corolla (PO:0009059), only the calyx (PO:0009060) or it may have both structures in a complete flower. If the petals (PO:0009032) and sepals (PO:0009031) are indistinguishable from one another, the perianth consists of just a collective tepal structure (PO:0025021), composed of one or more tepals (PO:0009033), for example in tulip or lily flowers.
perianth
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more petals (PO:0009032), comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395) and surrounds the androecium (PO:0009061) and the gynoecium (PO:0009062).
PO_GIT:541
PO_GIT:71
PO_GIT:98
corola (Spanish, exact)
corollae (exact, plural)
corollas (exact, plural)
花冠 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009059
The corolla (PO:0009059) is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the complete flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls may be missing. The corolla (PO:0009059) often functions to attract pollinators.
corolla
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more sepals (PO:0009031), and comprises the outer whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395).
PO_GIT:543
PO_GIT:71
PO_GIT:98
cálix (Spanish, exact)
calyces (exact, plural)
がく (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009060
The calyx is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the perfect flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls are missing.
calyx
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the stamens (PO:0009029) in a flower (PO:0009046).
PO:0006355
PO:0006366
PO:0006383
PO:0006392
PO:0006393
PO:0006405
PO:0006406
PO:0006419
PO:0006420
PO:0006421
PO:0006422
PO:0006471
FNA:e0f4d402-3489-4a58-81bf-0fa5119a4db5
PO_GIT:71
PO_GIT:98
androecia (exact, plural)
androecio (Spanish, exact)
androecium of tassel floret (exact)
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (exact)
雄蕊群 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae androecium (narrow)
Zea androecium (narrow)
androecium column (narrow)
androecium of ear floret (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009061
The androecium also has as parts any staminodes (PO:0009077) that may be present in a flower. If annotating gene expression to an androecium with a single stamen (PO:0009029), the annotation should go on stamen. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). The development of an androecium in an ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state, while the development of an androecium in a tassel floret leads to a functional androecium.
androecium
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed all of the carpels (PO:0009030) in a flower (PO:0009046).
PO:0006317
PO:0006357
PO:0006365
PO:0006384
PO:0006391
PO:0006394
PO:0006403
PO:0006404
PO:0006423
PO:0006424
PO:0006425
PO:0006426
PO:0025089
pistil (broad)
PO_GIT:470
PO_GIT:71
PO_GIT:98
ginoecio (Spanish, exact)
gynaecium (exact)
gynoecia (exact, plural)
雌蕊群 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae gynoecium (narrow)
Zea gynoecium (narrow)
apocarpous gynoecium (narrow)
gynoecium of ear floret (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of tassel floret (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (narrow)
gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (narrow)
syncarpous gynoecium (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009062
If annotating gene expression to a gynoecium with a single carpel (PO:0009030), the annotation should go on carpel. A gynoecium with two or more carpels may be either syncarpous (carpels fused) or apopcarpous (carpels free) or the carpels may be partially fused. The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium for a synocarpous gynoecium, and synonymously with carpel for an apocarpous gynoecium, whether it has one or more carpels. In Zea mays, gynoecia of tassel florets and of the lower florets of ear spikelets usually do not develop fully, and they are present in a rudimentary state. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
gynoecium
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is the region at the distal end of either a peduncle or a pedicel where the floral appendages (e.g.: sepals, petals, stamens and pistils) are attached.
PO_GIT:70
PO_GIT:88
flower receptacle (exact)
receptáculo (Spanish, exact)
tori (exact, plural)
torus (exact)
花床（花托） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009064
The fleshy part of a strawberry develops from a receptacle.
receptacle
A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary.
floral cup (broad)
FNA:fef1e834-960a-45ae-b4d8-b9454313c2bf
PATO:0001873
PATO:0002227
PO_GIT:77
hipantio (Spanish, exact)
hypanthia (exact, plural)
花床筒 、いちじく状花序 i.e.hypanthodium (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009065
Only bears stamens or perianth segments if they are present in the flower (e.g., no stamens in a carpellate flower).
hypanthium
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that is the pollen-bearing part of a stamen (PO:0009029).
PO:0006442
PO:0006473
PO_GIT:297
PO_GIT:70
antera (Spanish, exact)
半葯,花粉のう (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae anther (narrow)
Zea anther (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009066
Generally consists of four pollen sacs (microsporangia) in two anther thecas. If you are annotating to anther or one of its parts for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
anther
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is the basal portion of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels (gynoecium; PO:0009062) and encloses the plant ovule(s) (PO:0020003).
PO:0006456
PO:0006486
PO_GIT:280
PO_GIT:70
ovario vegetal (Spanish, exact)
子房 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae ovary (narrow)
Zea ovary (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009072
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
plant ovary
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), usually apical, that is part of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels on which the pollen (PO:0025281) germinates.
PO:0006468
PO:0006487
PO_GIT:70
estigma (Spanish, exact)
stigmas (exact, plural)
stigmata (exact, plural)
柱頭 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae stigma (narrow)
Zea stigma (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009073
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
stigma
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer (wall) of a fruit (PO:0009001), and develops from a plant ovary (PO:0009072) or a carpel (PO:0009030) wall.
PO_GIT:149
PO_GIT:511
pericarpo (Spanish, exact)
portion of pericarp tissue (exact)
果皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
fruit peel (related)
fruit rind (related)
PO:0009084
Pericarp comprises endocarp (PO:0009086), mesocarp (PO:0009087), and exocarp (PO:0009085) layers, each of which can be fleshy or dry. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to the specific type of fruit (PO:0009001), such as achene fruit (PO:0030107), berry fruit (PO:0030108), capsule fruit (PO:0030091), caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104), drupe fruit (PO:0030103), follicle fruit (PO:0030105), legume fruit (PO:0030100), nut fruit (PO:0030102), samara fruit (PO:0030099), schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098), silique fruit (PO:0030106), or their subclasses, depending on the species.
pericarp
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
PO:0006046
PO:0006217
PO_GIT:149
PO_GIT:511
ectocarp (exact)
epicarp (exact)
exocarpo (Spanish, exact)
flavedo (exact)
fruit epidermis (exact)
portion of exocarp tissue (exact)
外果皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
outer epidermis of pericarp (related)
pericarp epidermis (related)
PO:0009085
exocarp
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the innermost differentiated layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
PO:0006047
PO_GIT:149
PO_GIT:511
endocarpo (Spanish, exact)
portion of endocarp tissue (exact)
内果皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
citrus flesh (related)
citrus pulp (related)
inner epidermis of pericarp (related)
PO:0009086
endocarp
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the middle layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
PO_GIT:149
PO_GIT:511
mesocarpo (Spanish, exact)
portion of mesocarp tissue (exact)
中果皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
albedo (related)
PO:0009087
mesocarp
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) which is a maximal portion of nutritive plant tissue in a seed (PO:0009010).
PO_GIT:149
albumen (exact)
endosperma (Spanish, exact)
内胚乳、胚乳 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009089
In angiosperms the endosperm is usually triploid and formed after fertilization by the fusion of one gamete with the polar nucleus (GO:0043078); sometimes diploid or polyploid.
endosperm
An arilloid that is an outgrowth of a seed from a seed funicle.
PO_GIT:242
arilo (Spanish, exact)
仮種皮 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0009090
Usually envelopes most of the seed and is fleshy. If the ovule is pressed against the funicle to form a raphe, it may appear that the aril is growing from the raphe.
aril
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a fleshy outgrowth of a seed (PO:0009010).
FNA:2343b950-6cbd-4879-b15d-db6804ace6a0
PO_GIT:243
arilli (exact)
arillus (exact)
arilodio (Spanish, exact)
種皮附属物, アリロイド (Japanese, exact)
arillode (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0019022
Often conspicuous and found on seeds with a hard testa that are dispersed by animals. There is some variation in how different sources define the subtypes of arilloids.
arilloid
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
PO:0006457
PO:0006491
PO_GIT:464
PO_GIT:70
óvulo vegetal (Spanish, exact)
胚珠 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae ovule (narrow)
Zea ovule (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020003
A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
plant ovule
funicle
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025) formed at the first shoot node (PO:0005004) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
PO_GIT:457
cotiledón (Spanish, exact)
seed leaf (exact)
子葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020030
cotyledon
An embryo root (PO:0000045) that is the basal continuation of a hypocotyl (PO:0020100) in a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
PO_GIT:344
radícula (Spanish, exact)
幼根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020031
May develop into the primary root (PO:0020127) and eventually the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes abortive.
radicle
A stalk (PO:0025066) of a vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
pecíolo (Spanish, exact)
葉柄 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020038
LanguaL definition: Leafstalk, the slender, usually cylindrical portion of a leaf, which supports the blade and is attached to the stem (Source: Webster's)
petiole
A leaf in which the lamina is undivided.
hoja simple (Spanish, exact)
単葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020042
simple leaf
A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.
hoja compuesta (Spanish, exact)
複葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020043
compound leaf
A once-compound leaf with leaflets borne along a rachis.
hoja pinnada (Spanish, exact)
羽状葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020045
The total number of leaflets may be even or odd, in which case the leaf is called even-pinnate or odd-pinnate respectively.
pinnate leaf
A once-compound leaf divided into several leaflets which arise at the same point, there being no rachis.
hoja palmada (Spanish, exact)
掌状葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020046
palmate leaf
The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the male gametophyte.
PO:0006452
PO:0006480
microspora (Spanish, exact)
小胞子 (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae microspore (narrow)
Zea microspore (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020048
If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
microspore
A stalk (PO:0025066) that is the main axis of a pinnate or more highly compound leaf, that bears leaflets or divisions of the axis.
PO_GIT:70
PO_GIT:80
leaf rhachis (exact)
raquis de la hoja (Spanish, exact)
葉軸 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020055
leaf rachis
A stem internode (PO:0020142) below the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321) and transitional to a root (PO:0009005) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
PO_GIT:341
PO_GIT:70
hipocótile (Spanish, exact)
胚軸 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020100
hypocotyl
The last mature leaf before the inflorescence in a cereal crop plant.
hoja en bandera (Spanish, exact)
止葉（boot leaf) (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020103
flag leaf
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is part of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
PO_GIT:260
PO_GIT:667
eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
plant_anatomy
first order inflorescence branch (related)
inflorescence rachis (related)
花序軸 (Japanese, related)
PO:0020122
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) has either a determinate apex, which terminates in a flower meristem (PO:0000229), or has an indeterminate apex, which terminates in an inflorescence apical meristem (PO:0009108). An inflorescence pedicel (PO:0009052) is the simplest example of a determinate inflorescence axis.
inflorescence axis
A root (PO:0009005) that develops directly from a seedling radicle (PO:0020127).
PO:0020089
PO_GIT:161
raíz primaria (Spanish, exact)
tap root (exact)
一次根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020127
The first root of a plant. In dicots and gymnosperms it becomes the tap root, the central axis of a root system (PO:0025025).
primary root
A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
PO_GIT:536
oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
雌穂（花） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
ear (related)
PO:0020136
ear inflorescence
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a stem (PO:0009047).
PO_GIT:146
internodo del tallo (Spanish, exact)
茎節間 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0020142
See node.
stem internode
A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025).
promeristem (broad)
PO_GIT:579
AM (exact)
meristema apical (Spanish, exact)
頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
primary meristem (related)
PO:0020144
apical meristem
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005) that participates in lateral growth.
PO_GIT:437
lateral growth meristem (exact)
meristema lateral (Spanish, exact)
側 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
secondary meristem (related)
PO:0020145
A term for lateral growth has been requested in GO. Lateral meristems contribute to an increase in the cross-sectional area of a shoot axis or root. Examples of lateral meristems are: cambium (PO:0005597) (includes cork cambium (PO:0005599) and vascular cambium (PO:0005598)), shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) (includes primary thickening meristem (PO:0005039)), root lateral meristem (PO:0006308), and secondary thickening meristem (PO:0025414). Contrasts with apical meristem (PO:0020144), phyllome marginal meristem (PO:0025404), or intercalary meristem (PO:0006073).
lateral meristem
A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232).
promeristem (broad)
PO_GIT:472
SAM (exact)
meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
primary shoot meristem (related)
PO:0020148
shoot apical meristem
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
rwalls
2010-02-11T01:18:24Z
PO_GIT:52
PO_GIT:60
cardinal part of plant organ (exact)
parte de un órgano cardinal (Spanish, exact)
基本的な（主要な）器官部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025001
Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs.
cardinal organ part
An axial plant organ (PO:0009008).
rwalls
2010-07-01T03:44:41Z
eje de la planta (Spanish, exact)
plant axes (exact, plural)
植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025004
Includes roots and shoots.
plant axis
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
rwalls
2010-02-09T04:12:11Z
PO_GIT:63
estructura vegetal colectiva de órgano (Spanish, exact)
集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025007
Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure.
collective plant organ structure
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that arises through meiosis and is contained in a spore wall.
rwalls
2010-04-02T09:53:48Z
diaspore (broad)
spore (broad)
PO_GIT:74
espora (Spanish, exact)
植物胞子 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025017
A spore is usually single-celled in homosporous plants but may be multicellular in heterosporous plants. May have a spore wall (GO:0031160) made of sporopollenin.
plant spore
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more leaves (PO:0025034).
rwalls
2010-04-21T12:29:35Z
cycle (broad)
verticil (broad)
FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473
FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe
PO_GIT:98
estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish, exact)
leaf series (exact)
葉が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact)
leaf whorl (narrow)
rosette (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025022
This term replaces the obsolete term leaf whorl (PO:0008034). If you are looking for annotations for PO:0008034, please use this term instead.
collective leaf structure
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
Laurel_Cooper
2010-04-28T11:04:34Z
PO:0008033
cycle (broad)
verticil (broad)
FNA:12607624-3d2a-4113-bd86-0e2557f2f473
FNA:d42df0a9-60f4-4c24-9c0b-ba815272f2fe
GO:0048438
GO:0048457
GO:0048458
GO:0048459
PO_GIT:90
PO_GIT:99
estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish, exact)
葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese, exact)
floral whorl (narrow)
whorl (narrow)
plant_anatomy
phyllome whorl (related)
PO:0025023
collective phyllome structure
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof.
rwalls
2010-07-01T02:11:26Z
root (broad)
FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9
PO_GIT:136
sistema de raíz (Spanish, exact)
根系 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025025
Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant.
root system
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006).
rwalls
2010-07-01T03:46:35Z
caullome (exact)
eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
シュート軸 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
shoot (related)
PO:0025029
Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode.
shoot axis
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure.
rwalls
2010-07-12T01:31:44Z
PO_GIT:274
PO_GIT:301
hoja (Spanish, exact)
葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025034
LanguaL definition: The flat or fleshy expanded blade (lamina) including a small and insignificant leafstalk but excluding a large and fleshy leafstalk such as celery stalks or rhubarb stalks.
LanguaL curation note: If the part indexed consists of a large leafstalk and a leaf blade, use *PLANT ABOVE SURFACE, EXCLUDING FRUIT OR SEED*. Compare *STEM, STALK (WITHOUT LEAVES)*.
leaf
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part.
Laurel_Cooper
2009-12-18T10:09:17Z
FNA:21cee2f5-016a-44c6-b7a5-1fff6adc7e35
PATO:0001873
PATO:0002226
PO_GIT:52
PO_GIT:78
tallo de alto orden (secundario, terciario, etc) (Spanish, exact)
柄 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
stipe (related)
PO:0025066
Some stalks may be ridged or grooved.
stalk
A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007).
rwalls
2010-07-01T04:21:46Z
FNA:32d32293-adee-47ae-b1ba-bd9bd22230c2
PO_GIT:134
ramificación (Spanish, exact)
shoot axis branch (exact)
枝 (Japanese, exact)
branchlet (narrow)
higher order axis (narrow)
secondary axis (narrow)
tertiary axis (narrow)
twig (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025073
In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants.
branch
A leaf (PO:0025034) in a non-vascular plant.
rwalls
2010-07-12T01:31:59Z
PO_GIT:137
gametophyll (exact)
gametophyte leaf (exact)
gametophytic leaf (exact)
hoja no vascular (Spanish, exact)
phyllid (exact)
phyllidium (exact)
非維管束系葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
non-vascular leaflet (related)
PO:0025075
Non-vascular leaves occur in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) of Bryophytes, plants such as moss and liverwort.
non-vascular leaf
A shoot system (PO:0009006) in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium (PO:0025094).
rwalls
2010-09-17T09:49:10Z
sistema de brote reproductivo (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート 系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025082
reproductive shoot system
A reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082) consisting of a number of sporophylls (PO:0009026) or plant ovule (PO:0020003)-bearing modified leaves (PO:0025034) grouped terminally on a stem (PO:0009047).
rwalls
2010-09-17T09:51:22Z
PO_GIT:168
PO_GIT:601
estróbilo (Spanish, exact)
strobili (exact, plural)
胞子嚢穂, 球花 (Japanese, exact)
compound strobilus (narrow)
simple strobilus (narrow)
plant_anatomy
cone (related)
cono (Spanish, exact) (related)
PO:0025083
May be simple or compound. Found in lycophytes such as Selaginella and Lycopodium, sphenophytes such as Equisetum, gymnosperms such as cycad, conifers, gnetophytes and the pollen producing structures of Gingko. The term cone is often used for strobili that are woody. Flowers are sometimes considered bisexual strobili. Some flowering plants such as Alnus have inflorescences called catkins that resemble strobili, but are not.
strobilus
A bud that develops into a reproductive shoot system.
rwalls
2010-09-17T01:52:05Z
yema reproductiva (Spanish, exact)
生殖芽 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025084
reproductive bud
A plant organ (PO:0009008) in which plant spores (PO:0025017) are produced.
rwalls
2010-10-27T11:28:21Z
PO:0025232
PO_GIT:251
PO_GIT:257
esporangio (Spanish, exact)
moss capsule (exact)
sporangia (exact, plural)
spore capsule (exact)
spore case (exact)
胞子嚢 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025094
In bryophytes, particularly in mosses, a sporangium is referred to as a capsule. In seed plants, a sporangium is located in a sporophyll. In pteridophytes, a sporangium is located on the surface of a sporophyll or fertile leaf or borne on a sporangiophore. May be unicellular in some algae.
sporangium
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
rwalls
2010-11-05T01:36:24Z
PO_GIT:245
PO_GIT:339
embryonic plant structure (exact)
estructura vegetal embriónica (Spanish, exact)
胚性植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025099
Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle).
embryo plant structure
An inflorescence axis (PO:0020122) that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence (PO:0009049).
rwalls
2011-01-05T08:41:49Z
PO_GIT:260
PO_GIT:667
inflorescence rachis (exact)
inflorescence rhachis (exact)
primary inflorescence axis (exact)
primer orden del eje de la inflorescencia (Spanish, exact)
第一花序軸 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025104
Monopodial inflorescences, such as a raceme inflorescence (PO:0030115), have a centrally-located main axis; this axis is a first order inflorescence axis. In contrast, sympodial inflorescences, such as the riphidium inflorescence (PO:0030131), do not have a centrally-located main axis. The basal-most portion of a first order inflorescence axis is referred to as a peduncle (PO:0009053).
first order inflorescence axis
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
rwalls
2010-11-15T09:10:22Z
PO_GIT:186
portion of primordial tissue (exact)
portion of primordium tissue (exact)
primordia (exact, plural)
primordio (Spanish, exact)
原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025127
A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition.
primordium
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
rwalls
2010-11-15T09:27:11Z
PO_GIT:466
phyllome primordia (exact, plural)
portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact)
primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact)
フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025128
The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop.
phyllome primordium
A leaf near the apex of a stem that is still rolled into a cylinder.
rwalls
2010-11-15T11:29:28Z
CO_125:0000008
hoja en cigarro (Spanish, exact)
葉巻状葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025130
Describes the phenotype of a vascular leaf during a leaf development phase in Musa and other monocots.
cigar leaf
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
rwalls
2010-11-15T11:41:38Z
PO_GIT:224
entidad anatómica vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025131
Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'.
plant anatomical entity
A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant.
rwalls
2010-11-18T07:32:44Z
PO_GIT:206
porción de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025161
Refers to organism substance (CARO:0000004) which is defined as: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. For plants, the word "body" refers to a whole plant, or part thereof. Includes substances such as latex, xylem sap, phloem sap, resin, mucilage, oil, cuticle, cutin, and sporopollenin.
portion of plant substance
A leaf that is a sclerified and pointed and lacks a lamina.
rwalls
2010-11-18T08:10:24Z
barb (broad)
barbel (broad)
barbella (broad)
barbellae (broad, plural)
barbellula (broad)
barbellulae (broad, plural)
barbellule (broad)
FNA:00e30ce4-70bc-489c-86df-73030c9ece1e
FNA:1f0e37d5-db79-4b3f-abba-eabd63380f67
FNA:5c74e2ca-6f38-4366-9342-0908638f6939
FNA:ac7a59be-2920-4e24-bf9a-53d66c7cad5d
FNA:ca4dbc82-d782-4808-9149-3d39804d0d7f
FNA:ea8c8671-f661-42e1-8572-6b72fa98a3b9
FNA:fb4ced27-a2c5-4dbf-8588-d2fc702bb02c
PATO:0002258
espina de hoja (Spanish, exact)
leaf spine (exact)
葉針(spine leaf?) (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025173
See also stipule spine (PO:0025174).
spine leaf
A sporangium (PO:0025094) in which microspores (PO:0020048) are produced.
rwalls
2010-12-09T04:05:41Z
FNA:6102371f-fcdd-47cd-b0fd-2d24e2d5c8cc
FNA:7f9e3756-4ac4-495d-8fb6-fffed355a241
PO_GIT:254
megasporangia (exact, plural)
microsporangia (exact, plural)
microsporangio (Spanish, exact)
小胞子嚢 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
macrosporangia (related, plural)
macrosporangium (related)
PO:0025202
microsporangium
A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem.
rwalls
2010-12-20T08:47:03Z
ápice reproductivo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
生殖シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025222
reproductive shoot apex
A shoot apex PO:0000037) that has as part a vegetative shoot apical meristem (PO:0008016).
rwalls
2010-12-20T08:47:03Z
PO_GIT:234
ápice vegetativo del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact)
栄養シュート頂、栄養枝頂 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025223
vegetative shoot apex
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
rwalls
2010-12-20T12:27:10Z
portion of embryo tissue (broad)
PO_GIT:338
portion of embryonic plant tissue (exact)
tejido embriónico vegetal (Spanish, exact)
植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025233
This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo.
portion of embryo plant tissue
A microsporangium that is part of a sporophyll and where the pollen grains develop and are located after they develop.
rwalls
2011-02-25T09:17:11Z
PO:0006444
PO:0006476
PO_GIT:255
PO_GIT:296
saco polínico (Spanish, exact)
花粉のう (Japanese, exact)
Poaceae microsporangium (narrow)
Zea microsporangium (narrow)
anther lobe (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025277
A pollen sac is a microsporangium in seed plants. In angiosperms, a single, unfused pollen sac may contain an anther locule or several pollen sacs may fuse so they contain a single anther locule. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
pollen sac
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) that produces plant sperm cells (PO:0000084).
rwalls
2011-03-23T11:32:19Z
PO_GIT:318
male gametophyte (exact)
microgametofito (Spanish, exact)
小配偶体 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025280
The microgametophyte in bryophytes only produce sperm cells, but do not develop from microspores, because there is no heterospory in bryophytes. In seed plants the male gametophyte is reduced to a pollen grain.
microgametophyte
A microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that develops from a microspore (PO:0020048) is located in a pollen sac (PO:0025277).
rwalls
2011-03-31T07:05:48Z
PO_GIT:319
polen (Spanish, exact)
pollen grain (exact)
花粉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025281
pollen
A radicle (PO:0020031) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
rwalls
2011-04-25T10:41:14Z
PO_GIT:344
embryonic radicle (exact)
radícula del embrión (Spanish, exact)
胚幼根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025296
May eventually develop into the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes is abortive.
plant embryo radicle
A radicle (PO:0020031) that is part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) in the seedling development stage (PO:0007131).
rwalls
2011-04-25T10:41:48Z
PO_GIT:344
radícula de la plántula (Spanish, exact)
実生幼根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025297
Develops from an embryo radicle (PO:0025296). May develop into the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes is abortive.
seedling radicle
A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf.
rwalls
2011-09-28T03:39:46Z
hoja unifacial (exact)
hoja unifacial EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
unifacial leaf (exact)
単面維管束系葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025328
A unifacial leaf may be round in cross-section (terete) or it may be laminar (ensiform), in which case lamina development is in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather than a transverse plane (tangent to the axis). Unifacial leaves may be bifacial at the leaf base. Many unifacial leaves develop by reduced (or absent) activity of the marginal meristems and increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development, leading to mature leaves with only an adaxial surface (e.g., Acacia phyllodes). However, some develop by increased activity of the abaxial meristem early in development, leading to mature leaves with only an abaxial surface. Note that unifacial leaves may have two sides, as in ensiform leaves, but both sides arise from the same surface of the leaf meristem (abaxial or adaxial).
unifacial vascular leaf
A unifacial leaf that is flat in cross section due to a lamina that develops in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather a transverse plane (tangent to the axis) throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.
rwalls
2011-09-28T04:08:06Z
ensiform leaf (exact)
hoja ensiforme (exact)
hoja ensiforme EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
維管束系剣状葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025333
Common in many monocots and some dicots. Note that ensiform leaves have two sides, but both sides arise from the same surface of the leaf meristem (abaxial or adaxial). In some leaves, the petiole may twist, giving the appearance that the lamina is ensiform, but it is not.
ensiform vascular leaf
A unifacial leaf that is round in cross section throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.
rwalls
2011-09-28T04:08:06Z
hoja cilíndrica (exact)
hoja cilíndrica EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
terete leaf (exact)
維管束系円柱形葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025334
The surface of a terete leaf corresponds to either the adaxial or abaxial surface of a normal leaf.
terete vascular leaf
An adult ensiform leaf with a lamina that develops in a median plane, rather a transverse plane, throughout the length of the leaf and is a result of increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development.
rwalls
2011-09-28T04:33:07Z
adult phyllode leaf (exact)
filodio (exact)
filodio EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
phyllode (exact)
phyllodia (exact, plural)
phyllodium (exact)
葉化葉？ (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025335
Common in legumes of the genus Acacia. Similar development occurs in other ensiform leaves in some monocots, but they are not called phyllodes. Transitional leaves also occur, in which the basal portion of the leaf develops similar to a phyllode, but the apical portion of the leaf develops normal leaflets (see PO:0025336, transition phyllode leaf). Phyllodes are generally xeromorphic.
phyllode leaf
A transition vascular leaf in which the basal portion of the leaf has unifacial lamina development in a median plane, similar to a phyllode, and the apical portion of the leaf develops leaflets similar to a juvenile leaf.
rwalls
2011-09-28T04:33:07Z
filodio transicional (exact)
filodio transicional EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish, exact)
transition phyllode (exact)
移行期の葉化葉 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025336
Common in seedlings of legumes of the genus Acacia. May also occur later, after the plant has begun to produce phyllodes.
transition phyllode leaf
A maximal whole plant development stage.
rwalls
2011-10-19T10:54:37Z
PO_GIT:230
vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact)
植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025337
There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage.
life of whole plant stage
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a collective plant structure (PO:0025497).
rwalls
2011-10-19T11:12:49Z
PO_GIT:391
etapa de desarrollo de una estructura colectiva de la planta (Spanish, exact)
集合的植物構造の発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025338
Includes flower development stage (PO:0007615), corolla development stage (PO:0007604), and inflorescence development stage (PO:0001083).
collective plant organ structure development stage
A multi-tissue plant structure development stage (PO:0025571) that has as primary participant a plant organ (PO:0009008) .
rwalls
2011-10-19T11:12:49Z
organ development stage (broad)
PO_GIT:522
etapa de desarrollo de un órgano (Spanish, exact)
植物器官発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025339
Includes development stages for leaves and roots.
plant organ development stage
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short, enlarged stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055).
rwalls
2011-11-16T03:39:15Z
diaspore (broad)
PO_GIT:173
cormo (Spanish, exact)
球茎 (Japanese, exact)
cormel (narrow)
cormlet (narrow)
pseudobulb (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025355
May serve as a storage or perennating organ. Usually underground. A corm differs from a bulb (PO:0025356) in that it does not have fleshy leaves or leaf bases but usually has scale leaves or remnants of dry leaf sheaths that form a protective covering around it. May bear remnants or scars of detached leaves. Adventitious roots may develop from the base of a corm, and these may be contractile, pulling the corm into the soil. Examples include Gladiolus and Crocus. The pseudobulb of an orchid is equivalent to a corm. A corm is very similar to a rhizome (PO:0004542) with very short sympodial units, although not all corms have sympodial growth.
corm
A short, enlarged shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055) enclosed by fleshy leaves (PO:0009025) or leaf bases (PO:0020040).
rwalls
2011-11-16T03:39:15Z
diaspore (broad)
PO_GIT:173
bulbo (Spanish, exact)
球根、鱗茎 (Japanese, exact)
bulblet (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025356
May serve as a storage and/or perennating organ. Usually underground. A bulb differs from a corm (PO:0025355) by having fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The outer leaves of a bulb are often dry and membranous, rather than fleshy. May bear adventitious roots. Examples include Alium and Tulipa. Not the same structure as a bulbil.
bulb
A vascular leaf that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
rwalls
2011-11-16T05:02:31Z
tendril (broad)
hoja en zarzillo (Spanish, exact)
葉巻きひげ (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025361
Aids plant in climbing. A leaf tendril will usually have a bud or shoot axis in its axil. See also leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
leaf tendril
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that is part of a flower (PO:0009046).
rwalls
2012-01-19T11:44:36Z
PO_GIT:423
órgano floral (Spanish, exact)
flower organ (exact)
花器官 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025395
Includes phyllomes such as anthers and petals, as well as shoot axes such as androphores and gynophores.
floral organ
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that develops from a vascular cambium (PO:0005598).
rwalls
2012-02-01T10:53:46Z
PO_GIT:432
tejido vascular secundario (Spanish, exact)
二次維管組織 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025409
Forms as part of secondary growth (GO:0080117) in vascular plants. Often differentiated into the axial system (PO:0025410) and ray system (PO:0025411).
secondary vascular tissue
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-02-07T08:20:10Z
phyllome meristem (broad)
PO_GIT:427
フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025430
The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology.
phyllome anlagen
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a vascular leaf primordium (PO:0000017) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-02-07T08:40:37Z
leaf meristem (broad)
PO_GIT:407
維管束系葉原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025431
This is the region where you have the maximum concentration of auxin in the SAM (at least in a few species that have been studied).
vascular leaf anlagen
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a cotyledon primordium (PO:0000015) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of an embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-02-07T09:07:56Z
PO_GIT:407
precursor de cotiledón (Spanish, exact)
子葉原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025432
cotyledon anlagen
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-02-08T01:00:56Z
PO_GIT:427
precursor de raí (Spanish, exact)
根原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025433
Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042).
root anlagen
A cotyledon (PO:0020030) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-03-21T04:49:09Z
PO_GIT:457
seed cotyledon (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025470
plant embryo cotyledon
A cotyledon (PO:0020030) that is part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) in the seedling development stage (PO:0007131).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-03-21T04:49:15Z
plant_anatomy
PO:0025471
Develops from an embryo cotyledon (PO:0025470).
seedling cotyledon
A root development stage (PO:0007520) during which a coleorhiza (PO:0020034) emerges from the seed coat (PO:0009088).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-03-22T03:42:34Z
PO_GIT:370
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025475
Occurs in Poaceae and some other monocotyledons. May occur simultaneously with coleoptile emergence from the growth medium. The actual point of emergence from the seed coat (PO:0009088) may not be observed if the seed (PO:0009010) is underneath a growth medium. In a fruit (PO:0009001) with a persistent pericarp (PO:0009084), emergence from the seed coat may not be observed. If the fruit is a caryopsis, the dry pericarp is fused with the seed coat, and emergence from the pericarp is simultaneous with emergence from the seed coat. This terms is used only for seed plants.
coleorhiza emergence stage
A root (PO:0009005) that develops from a tuberous root (PO:0025523) and is further radially enlarged for storage.
rwalls
2012-04-26T02:09:03Z
PO_GIT:47
raíz tubercular (Spanish, exact)
root tuber (exact)
storage root (exact)
塊茎根の塊茎(Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
tuber root (related)
PO:0025476
Functions in storage. This term should be used for tubers derived from roots (PO:0009005), as found in Cassava or sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), not for tubers derived from branches (PO:0025073), as found in potatoes and yams. Use the term shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543), aerial tuber (PO:0004548), or subterranean tuber (PO:0004547) for tubers derived from branches. A tuberous root tuber may be distinguished from a tuber that is derived from a branch by the presence of a root cap (PO:0020123) early in development, or the presence of lateral roots (PO:0020121) or their remnants. Sometimes tuber roots bear vegetative buds (PO:0000058) like a tuber derived from a branch. A tuberous root tuber usually develops from a shoot-borne root (PO:0000042) or a lateral root (PO:0020121).
tuberous root tuber
A primordium (PO:0025127) that is committed to the development of a floral organ (PO:0025395) and is part of a reproductive shoot apex (PO:0025222).
rwalls
2012-04-26T03:57:09Z
PO_GIT:465
floral structure primordia (exact, plural)
portion of floral structure primordium tissue (exact)
primordio de organo floral (Spanish, exact)
花器官原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025477
If annotating to a primordium of a floral structure, it is better to use the more specific term, such as petal primordium (PO:0000021) or anther primordium (PO:0006089).
floral organ primordium
A floral structure primordium (PO:0025477) that is committed to the development of an androecium (PO:0009061).
rwalls
2012-04-26T04:11:35Z
PO_GIT:465
portion of androecium primordium tissue (exact)
primordium del androecio (Spanish, exact)
雄蕊群原基(可視的） (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025478
Use stamen primordium (PO:0004705) for the primordium (PO:0025127) of an individual stamen (PO:0009029).
androecium primordium
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a petal primordium (PO:0000021) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
rwalls
2012-05-03T03:02:03Z
anlagen del pétalo (Spanish, exact)
花弁原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025484
petal anlagen
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a stamen primordium (PO:0004705) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
rwalls
2012-05-03T03:02:03Z
anlagen del estambre (Spanish, exact)
雄蕊原基 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025486
stamen anlagen
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types.
Laurel_Cooper
2012-06-11T14:57:00Z
PO_GIT:480
estructura vegetal con múltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025496
Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types.
multi-tissue plant structure
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-06-11T15:09:20Z
PO_GIT:479
estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact)
集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025497
This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006).
collective plant structure
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
Laurel_Cooper
2012-06-11T15:28:44Z
PO_GIT:485
parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con múltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact)
複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本（主要）部分 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025498
Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049).
cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is radially enlarged.
Laurel_Cooper
2012-11-20T18:35:45Z
PO_GIT:127
塊茎 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025522
Functions in storage of photosynthate metabolites. May develop from a branch (PO:0025073) or a root (PO:0009005). If you are annotating to tuber, you should pick the more specific child term: shoot axis tuber (PO:0004543) or tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
tuber
A root (PO:0009005) that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots (PO:0020121) or shoot-borne roots (PO:0000042) on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber (PO:0025476).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-11-20T18:47:23Z
PO_GIT:47
raiz tuberosa (Spanish, exact)
塊茎根 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025523
tuberous root
A collective plant organ structure development stage (PO:0025338) that begins with the onset of the plant organ development stage (PO:0025339) and ends with either gametophyte senescent stage (PO:0025343) or sporophyte senescent stage (PO:0007017) or death.
Laurel_Cooper
2012-12-13T18:21:19Z
PO_GIT:517
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025527
The shoot system (PO:0009006) develops fron the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in the plant embryo (PO:0009009) in vascular plants. In lower plants the gametophore (PO:0030018) arises from a gametophore meristematic apical cell (PO:0030019) in the protonema (PO:0030003).
shoot system development stage
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a bud (PO:0009006).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-12-13T18:29:35Z
PO_GIT:517
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025528
bud development stage
A shoot system development stage (PO:0025527) that has as primary participant a reproductive shoot system (PO:0025082).
Laurel_Cooper
2012-12-13T19:01:14Z
PO_GIT:517
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025530
reproductive shoot system development stage
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044).
Laurel_Cooper
2013-04-05T17:15:40Z
GO:0048046
GO:0055044
PO_GIT:530
savia de la planta (Spanish, exact)
植物液 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0025538
Plant sap should not be confused with latex, resins or plant cell cytoplasm.
plant sap
A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496).
Laurel_Cooper
2013-09-10T15:02:45Z
PO_GIT:492
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0025571
multi-tissue plant structure development stage
An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis (PO:0025623) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
Laurel_Cooper
2013-12-07T11:57:21Z
PO_GIT:580
plant_anatomy
PO:0025597
ear infructescence
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599).
Laurel_Cooper
2013-12-13T11:16:53Z
PO_GIT:585
carpellate inflorescence (exact)
plant_anatomy
female inflorescence (related)
PO:0025598
pistillate inflorescence
A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development.
Laurel_Cooper
2013-12-13T11:26:58Z
diclinous flower (broad)
imperfect flower (broad)
PO_GIT:585
carpellate flower (exact)
plant_anatomy
female flower (related)
PO:0025599
pistillate flower
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment).
Laurel_Cooper
2014-05-13T16:51:47Z
PO_GIT:586
plant_anatomy
PO:0025606
A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004).
native plant cell
A collective leaf structure (PO:0025022) consisting of a group of rosette leaves (PO:0000014), generally borne at the base of the plant, that are separated by very short stem internodes (PO:0020142).
meiera
2015-09-23T15:41:20Z
PO_GIT:302
PO_GIT:603
plant_anatomy
PO:0025615
rosette
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death.
rwalls
2010-07-15T02:56:11Z
PO_GIT:139
PO_GIT:68
fase esporofítica (Spanish, exact)
sporophytic development stage (exact)
sporophytic phase (exact)
sporphyte phase (exact)
胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0028002
A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis.
sporophyte development stage
A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between meiosis or apospory and the time that the whole plant ceases to exist.
rwalls
2010-07-15T02:56:11Z
PO_GIT:139
fase gametofítica (Spanish, exact)
gametophyte phase (exact)
gametophytic development stage (exact)
gametophytic phase (exact)
配偶体発生過程 (Japanese, exact)
plant_structure_development_stage
PO:0028003
In bryophytes and pteridophytes, a gametophytic phase may begin without meiosis by apospory. This usually occurs when damage to a plant in the sporophytic phase leads directly to the growth of a plant that is in the gametophyte development stage but bears the chromosome complement that would normally be found in the sporophyte development stage (PO:0028002). A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage usually has half the chromosome complement of a plant in the sporophyte development stage, but not in the case of apospory. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage may cease to exist by death at any point in its development. In seed plants, the whole plant in the gametophyte development stage may cease to exists through transformation, such as when pollen (PO:0025281) releases its pollen sperm cells (PO:0025121) or when a plant embryo (PO:0009009) begins to develop within an embryo sac (PO:0025074) of an angiosperm. During the gametophytic phase, a plant may produce gametes (PO:0025006) by mitosis.
gametophyte development stage
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that consists of the shoot axes (PO:0025029) and non-vascular leaves (PO:0025075) of a plant in the gametophyte development stage (PO:0028003) .
rwalls
2011-03-25T10:28:20Z
ramet (broad)
PO_GIT:287
gametóforo (Spanish, exact)
茎葉体, 蘚苔類の配偶体 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030018
A gametophore is the leafy part of the gametophyte of mosses and leafy liverworts, excluding the protonema. Develop from buds that form on the protonema. Antheridia and archegonia arise on the gametophore.
gametophore
A vegetative bud that develops into a gametophore.
rwalls
2011-04-12T08:22:35Z
PO_GIT:288
brown bud (exact)
yema del gametóforo (Spanish, exact)
茎葉体芽 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030026
Occurs in mosses and leafy liverworts. Develops from a caulonema cell in mosses.
gametophore bud
A protonema sub-apical initial hat gives rise to a gametophore bud.
rwalls
2011-05-17T09:10:08Z
PO_GIT:334
gametophore bud initial (exact)
茎葉体芽始原細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030083
In Physcomitrella patens, a gametophore bud initial typically is more bulbous than a protonema side branch initial, and its plane of first cell division is oblique, rather than perpendicular, to the plane of growth.
gametophore bud initial cell
An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema.
rwalls
2011-05-23T08:31:30Z
PO_GIT:334
célula subapical inicial del protonema (Spanish, exact)
protonema sub-apical initial (exact)
原糸体次頂端始原細胞 (Japanese, exact)
plant_anatomy
protonemal sub-apical initial cell (related)
PO:0030086
May give rise to a branch of the protonema (including a protonema rhizoid, tmema cell or brachycyte), a gametophore bud, or may not divide further.
protonema sub-apical initial cell
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that usually dehisce.
dehiscent fruit (broad)
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
capsule (exact)
cápsula (exact, Spanish)
kapsel (exact, German)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030091
Capsule fruits (PO:0030091) are divided into subcategories depending upon the location of sutures in the pericarp (PO:0009084) that the seeds (PO:0009010) are released through.
capsule fruit
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through fruit locules (PO:0025270).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
cápsula loculicida (exact, Spanish)
loculicidal capsule (exact)
lokulizide kapsule (exact, German)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030092
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to coccarium capsule fruit (PO:0030094). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit septa, annotate to septicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030093). Examples: cotton (Gossypium raimondii) and rose mallow (Hibiscus syriacus).
loculicidal capsule fruit
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through a fruit septa (PO:0025268).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
cápsula septicida (exact, Spanish)
cápsula septífraga (exact, Spanish)
septicidal capsule (exact)
septifragal capsule (exact)
septizide kapsel (exact, German)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030093
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to coccarium capsule fruit (PO:0030094). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit locules, annotate to loculicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030092). Examples: dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia elegans) and black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).
septicidal capsule fruit
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through both the fruit septa (PO:0025268) and the fruit locules (PO:0025270).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
coccarium (exact)
cápsula bicida (exact, Spanish)
lokulizide-septifrage kapsule (exact, German)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030094
When annotating to a capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which only dehisces through the fruit septa (PO:0025268), annotate to septicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030093). When annotating to a capsule fruit which only dehisces through the fruit locules (PO:0025270), annotate to loculicidal capsule fruit (PO:0030092). Examples: physic nut (Jatropha curcas) and Manihot brachyloba.
coccarium capsule fruit
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through pores on a pericarp (PO:0009084).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
cápsula porífera (exact, Spanish)
porenkapsel (exact, German)
poricidal capsule (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030095
Example: poppy (Papaver spp.).
poricidal capsule fruit
A capsule fruit (PO:0030091) which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum (PO:0025298).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
pyxidium (broad)
PO_GIT:642
circumscissile capsule (exact)
cápsula circuncisa (exact, Spanish)
deckelkapsel (exact, German)
pyxis (exact)
diplotegia (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030096
Example: rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis).
circumscissile capsule fruit
A circumscissile capsule fruit (PO:0030096) which at maturity contains one seed (PO:0009010) that is not attached to a pericarp (PO:0009084).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:642
hauptfrucht (exact, German)
utricle (exact)
utrículo (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030097
Example: common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus).
utricle capsule fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that separate into mericarps (PO:0020075).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:643
doppelnuß (exact, German)
esquizocarpio (exact, Spanish)
esquizocarpo (exact, Spanish)
schizocarp (exact)
spalt-nußfrucht (exact, German)
pyrine (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030098
Each individual carpellate unit of a schizocarp fruit (PO:0030098) is a mericarp (PO:0020075). Example: maple (Acer spp.).
schizocarp fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are elongated into a wing-like structure.
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:644
flügfrucht (exact, German)
samara (exact)
sámara (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030099
The pericarp (PO:0009084) can be expanded laterally or radially. The wing-shaped fruits of maples (Acer spp.) are often mistakenly identified as samara fruits (PO:0030099), but are instead schizocarp fruits (PO:0030098) with samaroid mericarps (PO:0020075).
Examples: green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanicum) and tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima).
samara fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
pod (broad)
PO_GIT:645
hülse (exact, German)
legumbre (exact, Spanish)
legume (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030100
Legume fruit (PO:0030100) is characteristic of the plant family Fabaceae. Examples: pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), soybean (Glycine max), and lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris).
legume fruit
A legume fruit (PO:0030100) which at maturity separates into indehiscent, one-seeded segments.
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:645
gliederhülse (exact, German)
loment (exact)
lomento (exact, Spanish)
lomentum (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030101
The pericarp (PO:0009084) of some legume fruit (PO:0030100), such as peanuts, is constricted between each seed, but these constrictions are due to a lack of support of the pericarp (PO:0009084) in the space between the seeds (PO:0009010). Contrastingly, the constrictions in the pericarp of loment fruits (PO:0030101) are sclerified and contain regions where cell death leads to disarticulation of the fruit (PO:0009001). Examples: some members of Fabaceae, including Mimosa and Desmodium spp.
loment fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are not fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:646
glandes (exact)
glans (exact)
nuez (exact, Spanish)
nut (exact)
nutlet (exact)
nuß (exact, German)
acorn (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030102
The common names of some species do not accurately reflect their fruit type. For example, the fruit (PO:0009001) of the peanut plant is a legume fruit (PO:0030100) rather than a nut fruit (PO:0030102). Example: pecan (Carya illinoinensis), walnut (Juglans regia), pistachio (Pistacia vera), lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and acorn (Quercus spp.).
nut fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and a stony endocarp (PO:0009086).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:647
drupa (exact, Spanish)
drupe (exact)
steinfrucht (exact, German)
stone fruit (exact)
whole pit fruit
plant_anatomy
PO:0030103
May develop from an inferior or superior carpel (PO:0009030) and may contain one or more seeds (PO:0009010). Examples: Amborella trichopoda (basal angiosperm), coffee (Coffea canephora), Cornaceae (Davidia spp.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), coconut (Cocos nucifera), and almond, peach and plum (Prunus spp.).
drupe fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are fused to a seed coat (PO:0009088).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:648
brown rice (exact)
cariopse (exact, Spanish)
cariópside (exact, Spanish)
caryopse (exact, German)
caryopsides (exact)
caryopsis (exact)
cereal (exact)
dehulled grain (exact)
dehulled kernel (exact)
grain (exact)
kernel (exact)
polished rice (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030104
Caryopsis fruit (PO:0030104) is characteristic of the Poaceae (the grass family). Caryopsis fruits develop from a pseudomonomerous gyneocium (PO:0009062), and contain only a single seed due to the abortion of two of the three carpels (PO:0009030). The pericarp of caryopsis fruits of some bamboo species is somewhat fleshy at maturity and is fused to the seed coat; these fruits are referred to in the literature as bacoid caryopses. Examples: barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza spp.), wheat (Triticum spp.), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), oat (Avena spp.), zebra grass (Miscanthus spp.), Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), stiff brome (Brachypodium distachyon), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), and foxtail millet (Setaria italica).
caryopsis fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that dehisce along a single fruit valve (PO:0000033).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
pod (broad)
PO_GIT:649
balgfrucht (exact, German)
folliceta (exact)
follicle (exact)
folículo (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030105
Examples: milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and carolina larkspur (Delphinium carolinianum).
follicle fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and dry endocarp (PO:0009086), that dehisce along two fruit valves (PO:0000033) and separate from a persistent fruit replum (PO:0025267).
dehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:650
schote (exact, German)
silicle (exact)
silicua (exact, Spanish)
silicula (exact)
siliqua (exact)
silique (exact)
silícula (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030106
In contrast to legume fruit (PO:0030100), silique fruit develop from a syncarpous (multicarpellate) gynoecium (PO:0009062) separated by a false septum (replum, PO:0025267), which persists through fruit maturity. Examples: members of Brassicaceae, lyrate rockcress (Arabidopsis lyrata), mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), field mustard (Brassica rapa), and pink shepherd's purse (Capsella rubella).
silique fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which develops from a carpel (PO:0009030) or gyneocium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp (PO:0009085), a dry mesocarp (PO:0009087), and a dry endocarp (PO:0009086) that are connected to a seed coat (PO:0009088) by a funicle (PO:0020006).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:651
achene (exact)
achäne (exact, German)
akene (exact)
aquenio (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030107
Plant structures commonly referred to as ‘accessory’ (such as strawberry) or multiple fruits (such as figs..) which are comprised of accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) or infructescence (PO:0006342) tissue, contain as parts achene fruits (PO:0030107). For example, when annotating for a gene involved in strawberry development, any gene of interest that is involved in the development of the receptacle tissue would be mapped to receptacle (PO:0009064); genes involved in sepal (PO:0009031) persistence or accrescence would map to sepal (PO:0009031), and those involved in fruit characteristics would be mapped to achene (PO:0030107). Examples: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), fig (Ficus sp.), and marijuana (Cannabis sativa).
achene fruit
A fruit (PO:0009001) which at maturity comprises a fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:652
bacca (exact)
baya (exact, Spanish)
beere (exact, German)
berry (exact)
pyrine (narrow)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030108
Examples: pepper (Capsicum annuum), papaya (Carica papaya), avocado (Persea americana), may apple (Podophyllum peltatum), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), chocolate (Theobroma cacao), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), and grape (Vitis vinifera).
berry fruit
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from a superior gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a thickened exocarp (PO:0009085), thickened mesocarp (PO:0009087), and endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as parts juice sacs (PO:0006013) on a carpel adaxial epidermis (PO:0025618).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
panzerbeere (broad, German)
PO_GIT:652
citrus fruit (exact)
hesperide (exact, German)
hesperidio (exact, Spanish)
hesperidium (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030109
A hesperidium fruit (PO:0030109) develops from a superior gynoecium (PO:0009062), and therefore is not surrounded by receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. Examples: orange, grapefruit, lemon, and lime (Citrus spp.).
hesperidium fruit
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior gynoecium (PO:0009062) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and hardened endocarp (PO:0009086) and has as a part a fleshy hypanthium (PO:0009065) which is indistinct from the exocarp (PO:0009085).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
PO_GIT:652
apfelfrucht (exact, German)
kernfrucht (exact, German)
kernobst (exact, German)
pome (exact)
pomo (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030110
A pome fruit (PO:0030110) is a specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled in persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) and/or hypanthium (PO:0009065) tissue. Examples: Apple, crab apple, and pear (Malus spp. and Pyrus spp.)
pome fruit
A berry fruit (PO:0030108) which develops from an inferior carpel (PO:0009030) and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp (PO:0009085), fleshy mesocarp (PO:0009087), and fleshy endocarp (PO:0009086), and has as a part a hard receptacle (PO:0009064) which surrounds, and is indistinct from, the exocarp (PO:0009085).
indehiscent fruit (broad)
panzerbeere (broad, German) (broad)
PO_GIT:652
kürbisfrucht (exact, German)
pepo (exact)
pepónide (exact, Spanish)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030111
A pepo fruit (PO:0030111) is specialized type of berry fruit (PO:0030108) which is encapsuled by persistent, accrescent receptacle (PO:0009064) tissue. The rind, or tough outer covering, of pepo fruits comprises receptical tissue and at least the exocarp (PO:0009085) layer of the pericarp (PO:0009084). Examples: pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and banana (Musa acuminata).
pepo fruit
A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that bears only a flower (PO:0009046) or a fruit (PO:0009001).
NYBG:Brandon_Sinn
2017-03-17T00:43:36Z
pedicelo (Spanish, broad)
PO_GIT:672
plant_anatomy
PO:0030112
A pedicel has a single internode, determinate growth, and is the ultimate shoot axis (PO:0025029) in a plant. When annotating to this term, use the most specific subclass of pedicel: flower pedicel (PO:0030113), inflorescence flower pedicel (PO:0009052), fruit pedicel (PO:0030114), or infructescence fruit pedicel (PO:0004536).
pedicel
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616), is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
NYBG:Brandon_Sinn
2017-04-20T12:29:10Z
raceme (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030115
Examples include mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassicaceae), wild black cherry (Prunus serotina, Rosaceae), and pokeweeds (Phytolacca spp., Phytolaccaceae).
raceme inflorescence
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage (PO:0007616) is composed of pedicellate flowers (PO:0009046) or spikelets (PO:0009051) on determinate inflorescence axes (PO:0020122).,
NYBG:Brandon_Sinn
2017-04-20T13:04:46Z
panicle (exact)
plant_anatomy
PO:0030123
Examples include the majority of species in the grass family Poaceae including oats (Avena spp.), brome (Brachypodium spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), cutgrass (Leersia perrieri), rice (Oryza spp.), foxgrass (Setaria spp.), wheat (Triticum aestivum), wild rice (Zizania palustris), and the staminate inflorescence of cultivated corn (Zea mays), as well as grapes (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae), and Polemonium caeruleum (Polemoniaceae). Panicle inflorescences are most often conical in shape.
panicle inflorescence
A material entity that minimally consists of a protein.
protein-containing material entity
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
system
statistical sampling is a planned process which aims at assembling a population of observation units (samples) in as an unbiaised manner as possible in order to obtain or infer information about the actual population these samples have been drawn.
STATO
statistical sampling
Simple random sampling is a statistical sampling process which creates a sample of a size n entirely by chance. In such process, each unit has the same probability of being selected. Depending on the size of the population being sampled, the sampling process may be done with or without replacement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_sample
simple random sampling
Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis.
zone of skin
An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system.
sense organ
Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales.
cutaneous appendage
One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins.
LanguaL term definition: Epidermal appendage that constitutes the plumage of birds.
feather
Appendage that is shaped in order to produce lift for flight through the air.
wing
Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.
tube
Major subdivision of an organism that protrudes from the body[DOS, CARO].
appendage
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].
organ
A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ.
organ part
An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.
mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure
A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
morula
An entire span of an organism's life. In metazoans, commences with the zygote stage and ends with the death of the organism.
life cycle
A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea.
respiratory tube
Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine.
intestine
Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
respiration organ
A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
excreta
A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.
Damion Dooley
blood
2019-06-12T07:33:21Z
blood
Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs.
haemolymphatic fluid
Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence.
blastula
An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching.
late embryo
The part of the hindlimb between pelvis and the knee, corresponding to the femur.
hindlimb stylopod
A gland in which the principal secretory cells are serous secreting cells.
serous gland
A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands.
secretion of exocrine gland
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
organism substance
Anatomical entity that has mass.
material anatomical entity
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.
multicellular organism
A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm.
testis
Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.
organism subdivision
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other.
anatomical cluster
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.
tissue
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
cavitated compound organ
Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
embryo
An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium.
maw (mammal)
stomach
A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ.
heart (animal)
heart
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
brain
An organ that detects light.
eye
An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column.
neck
The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.
leg
Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
gonad
The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells.
ovary
A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body.
oviduct
Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue.
adipose tissue
Saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity[GO].
saliva-secreting gland
The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus.
rectum
A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column..
dorsum
A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal.
colon
An endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones[GO].
pancreas
The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm].
arm
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
bone
bone element
Muscles of the upper chest. The term may refer to one of two muscles, the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The former is a thick muscle in the anterior portion of the chest. Its action involves flexion, medial rotation, and adduction of the humerus. The latter is a thin muscle located beneath the pectoralis major. Its action involves lowering the scapula and raising the ribs.
pectoral muscle
A tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
digestive tract
Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO].
muscle organ
Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
ear
A muscular organ in the floor of the mouth.
tongue
A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region.
skeletal muscle of trunk
One of the three largest glands of the oral cavity that secrete most of the saliva, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
major salivary gland
The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing. [WP,unvetted].
parotid gland
The small mucin-producing salivary glands in the floor of the mouth beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular gland.
sublingual gland
A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males.
mammary gland
An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation.
mammal milk
LanguaL curation note: See scope note for *MILK OR MILK COMPONENT*. for lowfat milk use *FAT PARTIALLY REMOVED*; for skim milk, use *FAT FULLY REMOVED* (both found in D3. TREATMENT APPLIED).
milk
Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified].
feces
Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus.
lung
lung
Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo.
embryonic structure
An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen.
viscus
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
animal skin
skin of body
The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets.
spleen
An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].
liver
Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong].
small intestine
A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization.
kidney
A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis.
subcutaneous adipose tissue
A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas.
exocrine gland
Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified].
endocrine gland
Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.
thymus
The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones.
bone marrow
Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.
connective tissue
Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO].
muscle tissue
The middle limb segment of the pectoral free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the forelimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the radius and ulna, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants.
forelimb zeugopod
Distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits.
pes
A double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.
pericardial sac
Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot.
autopod region
The middle free limb segment, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the zeugopodial skeleton. Examples: There are two types of zeugopod: forelimb zeugopod (aka forearm), hindlimb zeugopod (aka crus).
zeugopod
The proximal free limb segment. Includes as parts the stylopod skeleton.
stylopod
A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles.
limb segment
An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ.
gland
An an organism at the tadpole stage.
tadpole
A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle.
larva
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
female organism
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
male organism
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
compound organ
The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph].
trachea
An organ involved in reproduction.
reproductive organ
A female organ involved in reproduction.
female reproductive organ
A male organ involved in reproduction.
male reproductive organ
An organism at the prepupal stage. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.
prepupa
An organism at the pupal stage. A life cycle stage of holometabolous insects in which the organism is a pupa and starts with the larval-pupal apolysis and ends with pupal-adult apolysis.
pupa
A gland that is part of a integumental system [Automatically generated definition].
gland of integumental system
A gland that is part of a digestive tract [Automatically generated definition].
gland of digestive tract
The part of the forelimb between pectoral region and the elbow, corresponding to the humerus.
forelimb stylopod
The middle limb segment of the pelvic free limb, between the autopod and stylopod segments. Includes as parts the hindlimb zeugopodial skeleton, which includes as parts the tibia and fibula, or their cartilage precursors, or evolutionary variants.
hindlimb zeugopod
Any muscle organ that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].
thoracic segment muscle
Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces.
anatomical conduit
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm.
endoderm-derived structure
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.
mesoderm-derived structure
An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.
ectoderm-derived structure
Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system.
hemopoietic organ
An embryo at the neurula stage.
neurula embryo
A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ.
anatomical projection
Organism at the gastrula stage.
gastrula
Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles.
skeletal element
A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract.
subdivision of digestive tract
The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus.
gizzard
An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition].
immune organ
A gland that is part of a hemolymphoid system [Automatically generated definition].
hemolymphoid system gland
A product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO].
egg shell
shell (egg)
LanguaL term definition: The covering of a bird or reptile egg.
eggshell
Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO].
muscle structure
Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.
reproductive structure
An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland.
abdomen element
An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region.
abdominal segment element
An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions.
trunk region element
An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli.
thoracic cavity element
An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.
thoracic segment organ
developing anatomical structure
Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA].
serous sac
Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers.
integumentary adnexa
A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions).
multi-limb segment region
Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not.
fluid
bodily fluid
A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards.
mammary gland fluid/secretion
Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans.
exoskeleton
A rigid covering that envelops an object.
shell
A thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air. May be one, two or three chambered. May be connected to the gut by a tube, the ductus pneumaticus (then called physostomous) or unconnected (then called physoclistous).
air bladder
fish maw
swim bladder
Any gland that is part of the digestive system.
digestive system gland
Organism at the cleavage stage.
cleaving embryo
A multicellular organism that is at the juvenile stage.
sexually immature organism
A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage.
adult organism
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified].
primary circulatory organ
Poisonous animal secretions forming fluid mixtures of many different enzymes, toxins, and other substances. These substances are produced in specialized glands and secreted through specialized delivery systems (nematocysts, spines, fangs, etc.) for disabling prey or predator.
venom
Multicellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
hermaphroditic organism
The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988).
ruminant reticulum
The first compartment of the ruminant stomach. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity.
rumen
The ruminants' stomach consists of four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The first three compartments comprise the forestomach (proventriculus). They are lined with nonglandular membrane. The fourth compartment, the abomasum comprises the true stomach of the ruminants. It is lined with glandular mucous membrane. The rumen lies on the left of the abdominal cavity, the reticulum cranially and the omasum on the right. The abomasum lies ventrally, its proximal end lies ventral to the rumen, reticulum and omasum.
ruminant stomach
The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white.
egg yolk
egg yolk
The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird (especially by the common domestic chicken) or a reptile; also: its contents used as food.
egg with shell
whole egg in shell
LanguaL curation note: The egg shell functions as a container. Therefore, the physical state of a raw egg in the shell is *LIQUID, HIGH VISCOSITY, WITH NO VISIBLE PARTICLES*.
shelled egg
Any muscle organ that is part of a pectoral girdle region.
muscle of pectoral girdle
A planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands.
echinopluteus larva
A calcareous exoskeleton which encloses, supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea, many live on the land and in freshwater.
mollusk shell
mollusc shell
A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb.
lower limb segment
A limb segment that is part of a forelimb.
upper limb segment
An external projection of an aquatic animal as a fish used in propelling or guiding the body[BTO].
fin
Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo.
egg white, albumen
egg white
albumen
A body of a multi-cellular organism that is no longer living.
Gregory Harhay
cadaver
corpse
dead body
carcass
An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body.
gravid organism
Lamprey at larval stage.
ammocoete
A thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians.
blubber
A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage.
nematode larva
sac
A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland.
zone of stomach
A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage.
post-embryonic organism
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
multicellular anatomical structure
An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food.
food storage organ
Gland of the epithelium lining the oral cavity. The most common are the salivary glands.
oral gland
An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.
structure with developmental contribution from neural crest
An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.
paired limb/fin segment
A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg.
subdivision of organism along appendicular axis
A muscle of a pectoral girdle, pectoral fin or anterior limb.
pectoral complex muscle
Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex.
sequential hermaphroditic organism
Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time.
synchronous hermaphroditic organism
Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
irregular connective tissue
Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
dense irregular connective tissue
Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets.
dense connective tissue
A region of the stomach is lined with non-glandular epithelium. Examples of a stomach non-glandular region are found in rodents.
stomach non-glandular region
A salivary gland that is part of a cheek.
buccal salivary gland
body of tubeworm
subdivision of tube
Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system.
integumentary projection
Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements.
digestive system element
A muscle organ that consists of skeletal muscle tissue ensheathed in epimysium, that develops from myotome and that is innervated by some somatic motor neuron. Skeletal muscles are typically attached (via a tendon) to a bone but there are exceptions (e.g. intrinsic tongue muscles).
skeletal muscle organ, vertebrate
Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.
lateral structure
A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile.
circulatory organ
A viscus that is part of a abdomen.
abdominal viscera
The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis.
metacestode
Instar: a stage in the life of an arthropod (as an insect) between two successive molts.
second instar larva
A tailless encysted late larva of a trematode parasite that is usually the form which is infective for the definitive host.
metacercaria
A usually tadpole-shaped larval trematode worm that develops in a molluscan host from a redia.
cercaria
A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas.
bladder organ
early embryo
2-cell stage embryo
4-8 cell stage embryo
4-cell stage embryo
8-cell stage embryo
An exocrine gland that is part of a integumental system.
exocrine gland of integumental system
A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology.
morphological feature
Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other.
disconnected anatomical group
zone of organ
A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees.
LanguaL term definition: A sweet viscous material produced by bees from nectar or aphid secretions. Contains primarily fructose and dextrose.
honey
A bodily fluid consisting of the contents of the digestive tract expulsed through the anterior portion of the digestive tract.
regurgitated substance
Larval stage in some teleosts before metomorphosis.
leptocephalous larva
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex.
protandrous hermaphroditic organism
Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the female sex, and then later of the male sex.
protogynous hermaphroditic organism
The developing adult after pupal-adult apolysis, i.e. from stage P8 (when yellow eye color first becomes visible through the pupal case), to eclosion.
insect pharate adult
unit
length unit
mass unit
time unit
temperature unit
base unit
concentration unit
mass density unit
volume unit
pressure unit
energy unit
power unit
density unit
dimensionless unit
percent
ratio unit
fraction
volume per unit volume
united states customary teaspoon
tablespoon
australian metric tablespoon
united states customary tablespoon
metric cup
united states customary cup
united states fda cup
meter based unit
second based unit
gram based unit
degree Celsius based unit
minute based unit
hour based unit
day based unit
week based unit
month based unit
year based unit
liter based unit
pascal based unit
joule based unit
watt based unit
mass percentage based unit
mass volume percentage based unit
volume percentage based unit
gram per milliliter based unit
purity percentage based unit
confluence percentage based unit
degree Fahrenheit based unit
pH based unit
inch based unit
foot based unit
fluid ounce based unit
gill based unit
pint based unit
quart based unit
gallon based unit
ounce based unit
pound based unit
teaspoon based unit
large calorie based unit
Cornus
Duration of a temporal extent expressed as a decimal number scaled by a temporal unit
2023-05-13T15:24:53Z
Duration
A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
2023-05-13T15:24:53Z
Time instant
A temporal entity with an extent or duration
2023-05-13T15:54:31Z
Time interval
Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position
2023-05-13T15:24:53Z
Temporal Duration
A temporal interval or instant.
Temporal entity
A standard duration, which provides the scale factor for a time extent, or the granularity or precision for a time position.
2023-05-13T15:24:53Z
Temporal Unit
example to be eventually removed
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
metadata complete
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
organizational term
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
ready for release
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
metadata incomplete
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
uncurated
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
pending final vetting
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
group:OBI
to be replaced with external ontology term
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
group:OBI
requires discussion
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0009001
obsolete: has substance added
true
SIREN DB annotation:
* liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139
* sugar FOODON:03420108
* food aeration process FOODON:03460178
* preservation by freezing FOODON:03470136
* ingredient: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460147
Wine vinegar is made from red or white wine, and is the most commonly used vinegar in Southern and Central Europe, Cyprus and Israel.
Damion Dooley
wikipedia:vinegar
tomato catsup
barbeque
barbequed
charcoal-broiled
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=169.150
Defined by Codex Alimentarius standard CODEX STAN 280-1973, Anhydrous milkfat is a milk product containing almost no water and non‑fat solids. Anhydrous milk fat must contain at least 99.8 % milk fat and be made from fresh cream or butter. No additives are allowed, e.g. for neutralization of free fatty acids.
https://dairyprocessinghandbook.com/chapter/anhydrous-milk-fat-amf-and-butteroil
A spice product which is a mixture of more than one spice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_mix
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9578-0788
Spice mixes can be whole or in parts, but are most commonly blended spices or herbs.
SIREN DB annotation:
* whole and pieces FOODON:03430104
* ingredient: flavoring, spice or herb added FOODON:03460227
A farm-produced crop, usually fruit or vegetable, that is fresh and in the same state as where and when it was harvested.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produce
Damion Dooley's note: is this a valid product type?
fish meat
Damion Dooley's note: this is an ambiguous term that needs resolution. Is it a species of shrimp or shrimp presented in spring water?
SIREN DB annotation:
* whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150
* not heat-treated FOODON:03440003
* whole animal or most parts used FOODON:03420173
Khoa is a dairy product, originating from the Indian subcontinent, widely used in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It is made of either dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating in an open iron pan.
Damion Dooley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa
purslane
groundsel leaf
A beef steak product which is raw and is cut from the outer part of the round of a cow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_steak
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062 | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Beef_round_top_round_steak_in_pan%2C_raw.jpg/330px-Beef_round_top_round_steak_in_pan%2C_raw.jpg
bottom round
eye of round
top round
A carcass of a swine.
requires discussion
A cookie food product which is very light, thin and dry.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Akbar_Mashti.JPG
https://wikidiff.com/wafer/cookie
A salami which is made from pork and often veal, which is seasoned with garlic, salt, and peppercorns and has a fermented flavour.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genoa_salami
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
Genoa salami is a variety of salami commonly believed to have originated in the area of Genoa, Italy.
SIREN DB annotation:
* whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147
* meat part of animal FOODON:03420103
fiber
fiber supplement
fibre
The mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the Coryphaenidae family, the other being the pompano dolphinfish.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03520231
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ready for release
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ready for release
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ready for release
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ready for release
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-0062
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-8249
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