Anoosha Sehar Diane Alexander Emma Griffiths Gurinder Gosal Hande Küçük McGinty Lauren Chen Magalie Weber Rhiannon Cameron 2025-05-21 FoodOn is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world. See https://foodon.org for more details. FoodOn Food Ontology FOODON 2025-06-07 editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage has curation status OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> alternative label alternative term alternative term alternative_term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source definition source definition_source Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. has obsolescence reason curator note An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg term tracker item For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones expand expression to OBO foundry unique label elucidation Person:Alan Ruttenberg has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by term replaced by An alternative term used by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Genomic Sequencing Centers for Infectious Diseases (GSCID) and Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRC). NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation relation p is the direct form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, p does not have the Transitive characteristic, q does have the Transitive characteristic, and for all x, y: x q y -> exists z1, z2, ..., zn such that x p z1 ... z2n y is direct form of relation p is the indirect form of relation q iff p is a subPropertyOf q, and there exists some p' such that p' is the direct form of q, p' o p' -> p, and forall x,y : x q y -> either (1) x p y or (2) x p' y is indirect form of is positive form of is negative form of An image of the item. In Protege, this can be a URL. schema:image has_alternative_id An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has broad synonym has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has exact synonym has_exact_synonym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. has narrow synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_namespace An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. has related synonym has_related_synonym has synonym in_subset label label label label is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has_part has part has part has_part is realized by realized_in realized in Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by preceded_by preceded by preceded by preceded_by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes precedes precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of has food substance analog obsolete - has taxonomic identifier true A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient. Damion Dooley FoodOn For example, 'bean soup' has a defining ingredient of some 'bean'. Similarly, spicy chicken wings require a defining ingredient of (usually minute) amounts of chilli. A soup may 'has ingredient' some bean, but that doesn't make it a 'bean soup', i.e. there should be no inference to that category. However, some classes may have that simple ingredient "necessary and sufficient" equivalency. has defining ingredient A relation attaching between a food material and another food material that has been added to it at some point in its history. Damion Dooley FoodOn has ingredient has country of origin hasCountryOfOrigin has measurement unit label A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. is about The inverse property of is specified input of has specified input A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is specified input of The inverse property of is specified output of has specified output A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is specified output of A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of specifies value of inheres in this fragility inheres in this vase this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color inheres in this apple this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of inheres in bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of bearer_of bearer of bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates_in participates in participates in participates_in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant has_participant has participant has participant has_participant A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has_quality has quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has_role has role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity derives_into derives into A relation between a material entity and a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity. is allergic trigger for A relation between a condition (a phenotype or disease) of a host and a material entity, in which the material entity is not part of the host, and is considered harmless to non-allergic hosts, and the condition results in pathological processes that include an abnormally strong immune response against the material entity. has allergic trigger located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime located_in located in located_in X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 David Osumi-Sutherland A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of A 'has regulatory component activity' B if A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:30:46Z has_regulatory_component_activity has regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that negatively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is negatively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:01Z has_negative_regulatory_component_activity By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function. Internal regulatory functions are treated as components. For example, NMDA glutmate receptor activity is a cation channel activity with positive regulatory component 'glutamate binding' and negative regulatory components including 'zinc binding' and 'magnesium binding'. has negative regulatory component activity A relationship that holds between a GO molecular function and a component of that molecular function that positively regulates the activity of the whole. More formally, A 'has regulatory component activity' B iff :A and B are GO molecular functions (GO_0003674), A has_component B and A is positively regulated by B. dos 2017-05-24T09:31:17Z By convention GO molecular functions are classified by their effector function and internal regulatory functions are treated as components. So, for example calmodulin has a protein binding activity that has positive regulatory component activity calcium binding activity. Receptor tyrosine kinase activity is a tyrosine kinase activity that has positive regulatory component 'ligand binding'. has positive regulatory component activity dos 2017-05-24T09:44:33Z A 'has component activity' B if A is A and B are molecular functions (GO_0003674) and A has_component B. has component activity w 'has process component' p if p and w are processes, w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. dos 2017-05-24T09:49:21Z has component process dos 2017-09-17T13:52:24Z directly regulated by dos 2017-09-17T13:52:38Z directly negatively regulated by dos 2017-09-17T13:52:47Z directly positively regulated by dos 2017-09-22T14:14:36Z This relation is designed for constructing compound molecular functions, typically in combination with one or more regulatory component activity relations. has effector activity David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of immediately_preceded_by X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets immediately_precedes X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps overlaps overlaps lactation SubClassOf 'only in taxon' some 'Mammalia' x only in taxon y if and only if x is in taxon y, and there is no other organism z such that y!=z a and x is in taxon z. The original intent was to treat this as a macro that expands to 'in taxon' only ?Y - however, this is not necessary if we instead have supplemental axioms that state that each pair of sibling tax have a disjointness axiom using the 'in taxon' property - e.g. 'in taxon' some Eukaryota DisjointWith 'in taxon' some Eubacteria Chris Mungall only_in_taxon only in taxon only_in_taxon x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Chris Mungall Jennifer Deegan in_taxon Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Chris Mungall Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has_component has component has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Melissa Haendel Terry Meehan This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from develops_from inverse of develops from Chris Mungall David Osumi-Sutherland Terry Meehan develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. Chris Mungall David Hill Tanya Berardini GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates regulates p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall negatively regulates (process to process) negatively_regulates negatively regulates negatively regulates p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. Chris Mungall positively regulates (process to process) positively_regulates positively regulates positively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. Chris Mungall has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. Chris Mungall has function in capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x Chris Mungall surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO Chris Mungall adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of surrounded by surrounds Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts starts starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts_with starts with starts with inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends ends ends x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends_with ends with ends with p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. Chris Mungall consumes has_input has input has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p. p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. Chris Mungall produces has_output has output has output Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y Chris Mungall has developmental contribution from has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from Chris Mungall developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false Chris Mungall In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within Inverse of developmentally preceded by Chris Mungall developmentally succeeded by p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical structure and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. Chris Mungall results_in_developmental_progression_of results in developmental progression of results in developmental progression of an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) Chris Mungall GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results_in_formation_of results in formation of results in formation of Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. Pier Buttigieg adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. cjm causally_upstream_of,_positive_effect holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. cjm causally_upstream_of,_negative_effect causally upstream of, negative effect q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. q inheres in part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of inheres in part of Chris Mungall inheres in part of characteristic of part of inheres in part of A relationship that holds via some environmental process Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. Chris Mungall catalyzes executes has is catalyzing is executing This relation differs from the parent relation 'capable of' in that the parent is weaker and only expresses a capability that may not be actually realized, whereas this relation is always realized. enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. Chris Mungall This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. Chris Mungall false part of structure that is capable of c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p Chris Mungall actively involved in enables part of involved in inverse of enables Chris Mungall enabled by inverse of regulates Chris Mungall regulated by (processual) regulated_by regulated by regulated by inverse of negatively regulates Chris Mungall negatively_regulated_by negatively regulated by negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates Chris Mungall positively_regulated_by positively regulated by positively regulated by is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has input Chris Mungall input_of input of input of inverse of has output Chris Mungall output_of output of output of Chris Mungall formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). Chris Mungall has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y Chris Mungall has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y Chris Mungall has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of Chris Mungall causally_downstream_of causally downstream of causally downstream of Chris Mungall immediately_causally_downstream_of immediately causally downstream of immediately causally downstream of p indirectly positively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p positively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly activates indirectly positively regulates p indirectly negatively regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p negatively regulates q. Chris Mungall indirectly inhibits indirectly negatively regulates This relation groups causal relations between material entities and causal relations between processes This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. Chris Mungall causally_upstream_of causally upstream of causally upstream of p is immediately causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q, and the end of p is coincident with the beginning of q. Chris Mungall immediately_causally_upstream_of immediately causally upstream of immediately causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 Chris Mungall influences (processual) affects causally_upstream_of_or_within causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within Chris Mungall causally_downstream_of_or_within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in positive regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p Chris Mungall involved in negative regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union Chris Mungall involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' Chris Mungall Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ An interaction relationship in which the two partners are molecular entities that directly physically interact with each other for example via a stable binding interaction or a brief interaction during which one modifies the other. Chris Mungall binds molecularly binds with molecularly interacts with Axiomatization to GO to be added later Chris Mungall An interaction relation between x and y in which x catalyzes a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to y. phosphorylates The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A regulates the kinase activity of B. A and B can be physically interacting but not necessarily. Immediately upstream means there are no intermediate entity between A and B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré molecularly controls directly regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that negatively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A negatively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly inhibits molecularly decreases activity of directly negatively regulates activity of The entity A, immediately upstream of the entity B, has an activity that positively regulates an activity performed by B. For example, A and B may be gene products and binding of B by A positively regulates the kinase activity of B. Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré directly activates molecularly increases activity of directly positively regulates activity of Chris Mungall This property or its subproperties is not to be used directly. These properties exist as helper properties that are used to support OWL reasoning. helper property (not for use in curation) 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. Chris Mungall composed primarily of Chris Mungall is kinase activity A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes Chris Mungall depends on The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Chris Mungall Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future Chris Mungall determined by (system to material entity) Chris Mungall Pier Buttigieg determined by s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. Chris Mungall determined by part of Chris Mungall causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by Chris Mungall interaction relation helper property http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ Chris Mungall molecular interaction relation helper property The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). Chris Mungall Vasundra Touré causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences p directly regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q and p regulates q. Chris Mungall directly regulates (processual) directly regulates gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p Chris Mungall has part structure that is capable of p results in breakdown of c if and only if the execution of p leads to c no longer being present at the end of p results in breakdown of results_in_assembly_of results in assembly of results_in_disassembly_of results in disassembly of p results in organization of c iff p results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of c results_in_organization_of results in organization of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. Chris Mungall causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process_has_causal_agent process has causal agent p directly positively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p positively regulates q. directly positively regulates (process to process) directly positively regulates p directly negatively regulates q iff p is immediately causally upstream of q, and p negatively regulates q. directly negatively regulates (process to process) directly negatively regulates a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by p 'has primary input ot output' c iff either (a) p 'has primary input' c or (b) p 'has primary output' c. cjm 2018-12-13T11:26:17Z has_primary_input_or_output has primary input or output cjm 2018-12-13T11:26:32Z has_primary_output has primary output Holds between an entity and an process P where the entity enables some larger compound process, and that larger process has-part P. cjm 2018-01-25T23:20:13Z enables subfunction cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:30Z acts upstream of or within, positive effect cjm 2018-01-26T23:49:51Z acts upstream of or within, negative effect c 'acts upstream of, positive effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is positive cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:14Z acts upstream of, positive effect c 'acts upstream of, negative effect' p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of p, and the direction of f is negative cjm 2018-01-26T23:53:22Z acts upstream of, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect cjm 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. Damion Dooley has substance added 'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk' "has substance removed" is a relation existing between two physical entities in which the first entity has had the second entity (a substance) removed from it at some point in time. Damion Dooley has substance removed "immersed in" is a relation between a (physical) entity and a fluid substance in which the entity is wholely or substantially surrounded by the substance. immersed in 'has consumer' is a relation between a material entity and an organism in which the former can normally be digested or otherwise absorbed by the latter without immediate or persistent ill effect. has consumer 'has primary substance added' indicates that an entity has had the given substance added to it in a proportion greater than any other added substance. has primary substance added The entity A has an activity that regulates an activity of the entity B. For example, A and B are gene products where the catalytic activity of A regulates the kinase activity of B. Vasundra Touré regulates activity of p is indirectly causally upstream of q iff p is causally upstream of q and there exists some process r such that p is causally upstream of r and r is causally upstream of q. pg 2022-09-26T06:07:17Z indirectly causally upstream of p indirectly regulates q iff p is indirectly causally upstream of q and p regulates q. pg 2022-09-26T06:08:01Z indirectly regulates A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-0345 A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in the existence of C OR affects the intensity or magnitude of C. regulates_characteristic regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) positively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in an increase in the intensity or magnitude of C. positively_regulates_characteristic positively regulates characteristic A relationship that holds between a process and a characteristic in which process (P) negatively regulates characteristic (C) iff: P results in a decrease in the intensity or magnitude of C. negatively_regulates_characteristic negatively regulates characteristic p has anatomical participant c iff p has participant c, and c is an anatomical entity cjm 2018-09-26T01:08:58Z results_in_changes_to_anatomical_or_cellular_structure results in changes to anatomical or cellular structure Relation between biological objects that resemble or are related to each other sufficiently to warrant a comparison. in similarity relationship with relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes) AGB executes has_functional_parent has functional parent has_parent_hydride has parent hydride is_conjugate_acid_of is conjugate acid of is_conjugate_base_of is conjugate base of is_enantiomer_of is enantiomer of is_substituent_group_from is substituent group from is_tautomer_of is tautomer of has quantity Extent of a temporal entity, expressed using xsd:duration 2023-05-13T18:37:00Z hasXSDDuration Value of a temporal extent expressed as a number scaled by a temporal unit numericDuration A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered. harvest process A process during which some material is applied to a subject treatment Location where the experiment is implemented. experimental site An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions. greenhouse A planned process which occurs in an agricultural field. agricultural process A planned process during which the environment of a crop plant is maintained such that the plant grows crop cultivation process A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 0.9 millions Maasai A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 0.1 millions Samburu A Bantu Western population with a population size of 3.8 millions Tiv A Khoisan South population with a population size of 0.13 millions Nama A Mande Western population with a population size of 2.2 millions Susu A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 0.026 millions Taveta A Bantu Western population with a population size of 0.8 million Bassa A Nguni population with a population size of 12 millions Zulu A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 5 millions Dinka A Mande Western population with a population size of 14 millions Bambara A Kalenjin population with a population size of 0.3 million Sebei Masalit Bulu A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 0.34 millions Taita A Western African population with a population size of >34 millions Igbo A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 5.3 millions Kikuyu Terik Anuak A Kalenjin population with a population size of 937,884 Nandi Lunda A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 6 millions Tsonga A Northern African, Central African, Western African, Eastern African population with a population size of 25 millions Fulani A Western African population with a population size of 45 millions Yoruba A Nilotic Central, Nilotic Eastern, Northern African population with a population size of 0.4 million Zaghawa A Kalenjin population with a population size of 197556 Tugen A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2.7 Millions Meru A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 40 millions Oromo A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 1 million Fur A Nguni population with a population size of 7.9 millions Xhosa A Senufo population with a population size of 0.74 million Minianka Herero A Western African, Eastern African population with a population size of 90 millions Hausa The Nuer are a Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 3 million. Nuer A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2.488 Millions Mijikenda A Bantu Central population with a population size of 1 million Fang A Gurma population with a population size of 7.6 millions Mossi A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 5 millions Bemba A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 4.663 millions Kamba Rendille The Ga-Adangbe are a Western African population with a population size of 2 million. Ga-Adangbe Bulsa A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 9 millions Chewa The Soninke are a Mande Western population with a population size of 2 million. Soninke A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 15 millions Tswana A Berber Northern, Berber Western population with a population size of 2.5 millions Tuareg A Western African population with a population size of 0.93 millions Dagomba Kusasi A Gurunsi population with a population size of 0.3 millions Frafra A Gurma population with a population size of 0.8 millions Gurunsi A Western African population with a population size of 3.3 millions Gurma The Dagaaba are a Western African population with a population size of 1 million. Dagaaba A Mande Western population with a population size of 6.8 millions Dyula A Eastern African population with a population size of 1.2 millions Bihari Mauritian Mauritian Creole A Eastern African population with a population size of 0.055 millions Tamil Nankani Seychellois A Eastern African population with a population size of 0.4 million Khoisan Eastern Semitic Eastern Semite Northern Semite Central Pygmy Eastern People living in: Burundi OR Comoros OR Djibouti OR Eritrea OR Ethiopia OR Kenya OR Madagascar OR Malawi OR Mauritius OR Mayotte OR Mozambique OR Rwanda OR Réunion OR Seychelles OR Somalia OR South Sudan OR Sudan OR Uganda OR United Republic of Tanzania OR Zimbabwe Eastern African Berber Western 'The Nubians are known as people of the Nile and are located between Egypt and northern Sudan.' taken from: Culture and Customs of Sudan. Written by De Kwame Essien, Toyin Falola Ph.D. Nubian Eastern A Nubian Northern population with a population size of 0.050 million Mattokki A Ubangi Central population with a population size of 1.5 millions Banda Mahas A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of Nilo-Saharan, Luo, River-Lake Luo The Kalenjin are a Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 3 million. Kalenjin Pygmy Southern The Senufo are a Western African population with a population size of 2 million. Senufo A Western African population with a population size of 20 millions Akan A Toubou population with a population size of Nilo-Saharan Daza A Western African population with a population size of 0.5 millions Jola A Nilotic Western population with a population size of 5 millions Songhai A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 15.109 millions Banyarwanda A Eastern African population with a population size of 0.462 million Ari A Eastern African population with a population size of 4 millions Gaaliin Shaigiya Messiria Hadendoa Halfawieen 'The Nuba trace their geographical roots to the area around the Nuba mountains, the uppermost regions around the Ingessana hills and communities close to the Red Sea.' taken from: Culture and Customs of Sudan. Written by De Kwame Essien, Toyin Falola Ph.D. Nuba A Berber Northern population with a population size of 0.57 million Sahrawi A Bantu Western population with a population size of 0.250 million Jarawa A Eastern African population with a population size of 1300 persons Hadza A Western African population with a population size of 1.9 millions Serer A Western African population with a population size of 0.285 million Manjak A Western African population with a population size of 0.324 million Balanta A Berber Northern population with a population size of 0.150 million Mozabite A Bantu Eastern, Bantu Southern population with a population size of 0.758 million Ngoni Lomwe A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of > 2 millions Yao A Chewa population with a population size of 2.486 millions, known as the people of the lake Mang'anja The Sena are a Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2 million. Sena A Sudanic population with a population size of Nilo-Saharan|Satellite-Core|Satellites|Central Sudanic|West|Bongo-Bagirmi|Bongo-Baka|Bongo|Kacipo-Balesi|Tennet|Luo|Lango-Acholi Bongo Chipeta A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 1.050 millions Nyakyusa A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 0.030 million Burunge A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.05 million Antankarana The Tsimihety are a Malagasy population with a population size of 1.2 million. Tsimihety The Sakalava are a Malagasy population with a population size of 1.2 million. Sakalava A Malagasy population with a population size of 1.5 millions Betsimisaraka A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.5 million Antemoro A Malagasy population with a population size of 4.359 millions Betsileo A Betsileo population with a population size of 0.015 million Zafimaniry A Malagasy population with a population size of > 5 millions Merina A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.52 million Bara A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.0012 million Vezo A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.6 million Antandroy A Malagasy population with a population size of 0.15 million Mahafaly Cafre A Eastern African population with a population size of 0.18 million Malbar Zarabe French people who were born in Metropolitan France. Zoreille A Eastern African population with a population size of 0.025 million Sinwa !Kung Ubangi Central Nilotic Central A Ubangi Central population with a population size of 0.011 million Bangba Mayogo Cushitic Eastern Nilotic Western Sudanic Bantu Central People living in: Angola OR Cameroon OR Central African Republic OR Chad OR Congo OR Democratic Republic of the Congo OR Gabon OR Zambia Central African People living in: Algeria OR Egypt OR Libya OR Mauritania OR Morocco OR Tunisia OR Western Sahara Northern African People living in: Botswana OR Eswatini OR Lesotho OR Namibia OR South Africa Southern African People living in: Benin OR Burkina Faso OR Cabo Verde OR Cote d'Ivoire OR Equatorial Guinea OR Gambia OR Ghana OR Guinea OR Guinea-Bissau OR Liberia OR Mali OR Niger OR Nigeria OR Saint Helena OR Sao Tome and Principe OR Senegal OR Sierra Leone OR Togo Western African A Nilotic Central, Nilotic Western population with a population size of >10 millions Kanuri A Central African population with a population size of < 1 million Kotoko A Central African population with a population size of 0.45 millions Masa Pygmy Central Aka A Pygmy Central population with a population size of 0.03 milion Baka_Cameroon A Pygmy Central population with a population size of 0.01 milion Mbuti A Pygmy Central population with a population size of 0.07 million Efé Sua A Pygmy Eastern, Pygmy Southern, Banyarwanda, Pygmy Central population with a population size of 0.04 million Twa Kwatay A Kanuri population with a population size of 0.655 millions Kanembu A Bantu Western, Bantu Central population with a population size of 3.3 millions with a group of 20 sub-ethnicities Beti-Pahuin A Bantu Central population with a population size of 1.1 million Chokwe A Bantu Central population with a population size of 17 millions Kongo The Luba are a Bantu Central population with a population size of >15 million. Luba A Bantu Central population with a population size of 6.4 millions Mbundu A Bantu Central population with a population size of 0.018 million Moghamo The Mongo are a Bantu Central population with a population size of >15 million. Mongo A Bantu Central population with a population size of 25 millions Ngala A Bantu Central population with a population size of 0.08 million Ngamambo A Bantu Central population with a population size of 0.025 million Tikar A Bantu Central population with a population size of 4.6 milions Ovimbundu A Kongo population with a population size of 0.5 million Mbunda A Ubangi Central population with a population size of 1.5 million Gbaya A Ubangi Central population with a population size of 0.122 million Ngbandi A Ubangi Central, Eastern African population with a population size of 1-4 millions Zande A Semite Central, Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 6 million Baggara A Western African, Nilotic Central population with a population size of 3.5 millions Sara A Nilotic Eastern, Nilotic Western, Northern African, Nilotic Central population with a population size of 2.25 millions Toubou A Southern African population with a population size of 2.8–3.5 million Afrikaner Bantu Southern A Southern African, Eastern African population with a population size of 2.5 millions British diaspora A Southern African population with a population size of 4.7 millions Coloured A Southern African population with a population size of 0.03 millions. People of mixed race claiming both European and African descent. Goffel French diaspora Khoekhoe A Southern African population with a population size of 0.1 million San A Khoekhoe, San population with a population size of 0.4 millions Khoisan South Taa People of the place of the buffalo Banareng The Himba are a Bantu Southern population with a population size of 0.05 million. Himba Kwangali The Lemba are a Bantu Southern population with a population size of 0.05 million Lemba A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 4.037 Millions Makua A Bantu Southern population with a population size of > 28 millions Nguni A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 1.6 million Ovambo A Bantu Southern, Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 10.6 millions Shona A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 7.130 millions Sotho A Bantu Southern, Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2 millions Tonga A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 1 million Venda A Bantu Southern population with a population size of 0.3 million Yeyi A Sotho population with a population size of 4.7 millions Pedi A Shona population with a population size of 0.75 million Kalanga A Shona population with a population size of 0.1 million Nambya Ndebele A Nguni population with a population size of 2.3 millions Swazi A Ndebele population with a population size of 1.5 million North Ndebele A Ndebele population with a population size of 0.7 million South Ndebele Kgatla Descendants of Andalusians people Andalusian A Northern African population with a population size of 38 millions Berber Northern A Eastern African, Northern African population with a population size of 20 millions Copt A Northern African population with a population size of 1.7 million Nubian Northern Algerian Berber Lybian Berber Moroccan Berber A Berber Northern population with a population size of Afro-Asiatic|Berber|Northern|Atlas Shilha Tunisian Andalusian Tunisian Berber A Semite Northern population with a population size of 85 millions Egyptian A Semite Northern population with a population size of 2 millions Haratin A Semite Northern population with a population size of >72 millions Maghrebi A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 0.2 million Gumuz A Semite Northern, Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 2 millions Moor Bantu Eastern A Eastern African population with a population size of 25 millions Malagasy A Eastern African population with a population size of >22 millions Nilotic Eastern A Eastern African population with a population size of 2 millions Wolaita A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 0.475 millon Bari A Luo population with a population size of 2 Millions Acholi Kwama A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 1,016 millions Turkana A Luo population with a population size of 1.7 million Alur A Luo population with a population size of 2.2 millions Lango A Luo population with a population size of 1.5 million Shilluk 'The Birked live north and east of Dago and Bayko, between Gebel Harayz and Rizaykat and are much larger tribe then either.' from a: A History of the Arabs in the Sudan. Written by De H. A. MacMichael. Birged Dongolese A Nubian Eastern population with a population size of 0.063 million Hill Nubian A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 6.3 million Afar A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 1 million Agaw A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 2.8 millions Beja The Bilen are a Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 0.2 million. Bilen The Saho are a Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 0.2 million. Saho A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of >3 millions Sidama A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of >20 millions Somali A Sudanic population with a population size of 11 millions Lugbara A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 24 millions Amhara A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 1.9 millions. Subdivided into three groups: East, North, West. Gurage Habesha A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 0.2 millions Rashaida A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 28 millions Sudanese Arab A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 10.3 millions Tigrinya A Semitic Eastern population with a population size of 1.5 millions Tigré A Pygmy Eastern population with a population size of 0.25 million Baka_South_Sudan A Khoisan Eastern population with a population size of 0.06 million Sandawe A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2.9 Basoga The Chaga are a Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2 million. Chaga A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of >0.4 million Embu A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 6.7 millions Ganda A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2.2 millions Kisii A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 5.4 millions Luhya A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 1.3 millions Makonde A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 1.4 million Nyoro A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of >0.1 millons Swahili A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 1.546 millions Tumbuka A Western African population with a population size of 0.05 million Adele A Western African population with a population size of 0.01 million Aku Bantu Western A Western African population with a population size of 0.04 Biafada A Western African population with a population size of 0.1 million Bubi A Western African population with a population size of 0.128 millions Buduma A Western African population with a population size of 1.591 millions Dogon A Western African population with a population size of 1.6 millions Edo A Western African population with a population size of 0.9 millions Efik A Western African population with a population size of 0.3 millions Eket A Western African population with a population size of 1.5 millions Esan A Western African population with a population size of 6 millions Ewe The Fon are a Western African population with a population size of 4 million. Fon A Western African population with a population size of 9.6 millions Ibibio A Western African population with a population size of >14 millions Ijaw A Western African population with a population size of >30 millions Mande Western A Gurma population with a population size of 8.6 millions Mole-Dagbani The Urhobo are a Western African population with a population size of 2 million. Urhobo The Wolof are a Western African population with a population size of 4 million. Wolof A Mande Western population with a population size of 1.7 millions Bissa A Mande Western population with a population size of 13 millions Mandinka A Mande Western population with a population size of 0.4 millions Marka The Mende are a Mande Western population with a population size of 2 million. Mende A Gurunsi population with a population size of 0.161 millions Kassena A Songhai population with a population size of >5 millions Zarma A Songhai population with a population size of 0.2 million Dendi Okiek A Banyarwanda population with a population size of 16 millions Hutu A Banyarwanda, Southern African population with a population size of 3 millions Tutsi Bamileke Isoko A Pygmy Central, Western African population with a population size of 6.8 millions Kru A Bantu Central population with a population size of 260000 Duala Duala A Bantu Central population with a population size of 74000 Eshira Eshira A Bantu Central population with a population size of 215000 Hema Hema A Bantu Central population with a population size of 81500 Kota Kota A Bantu Central population with a population size of 89500 Makaa Makaa A Bantu Central population with a population size of 117030 Myene Myene A Bantu Central population with a population size of 2.355 millions Nande Nande Ngumba Ngumba Obamba Obamba A Bantu Central population with a population size of 250000 Pende Pende A Bantu Central population with a population size of 317000 Punu Punu Teke Teke A Bantu Central population with a population size of 100000 Vili Vili A Central African population with a population size of 90500 Mandar Mandar A Central African population with a population size of 1.8 millions Mangbetu Mangbetu A Central African population with a population size of 346000 Manja Manja A Central African population with a population size of 228000 Marba Marba A Central African population with a population size of 165000 Mbum Mbum A Central African population with a population size of 347614 Nzebi Nzebi A Central African population with a population size of 65000 Podoko Podoko A Pygmy Central population with a population size of 5500 Gyele Gyele Yaka Yaka Tupuri Tupuri Wuzlam Wuzlam A Central African population with a population size of 177000 Yakoma Yakoma A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 760000 Chopi Chopi A Embu population with a population size of 195250 Mbeere Mbeere A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 3,420 Millions Kiga Kiga A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 89900 Lambya Lambya A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 2.233 millions Masaba Masaba A Mijikenda population with a population size of <25,000 Segeju Segeju A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 4,436 Millions Nkole Nkole A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 4 Millions Nyamwezi Nyamwezi A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 112075 Pokomo Pokomo Ndau Ndau A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 10 Millions Sukuma Sukuma A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 175905 Tharaka Tharaka A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 20103 Aweer Aweer A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 1104 Elmolo Elmolo A Cushitic Eastern population with a population size of 2 million Hadiya Hadiya A Oromo population with a population size of 1025000 Borana Borana A Oromo population with a population size of 700000 Gabra Gabra A Malagasy population with a population size of 50000 Antambahoaka Antambahoaka A Malagasy population with a population size of 772000 Antanosy Antanosy A Malagasy population with a population size of 100000 Bezanozano Bezanozano A Malagasy population with a population size of 1500 Mikea Mikea A Malagasy population with a population size of 200000 Sihanaka Sihanaka A Malagasy population with a population size of 400000 Tanala Tanala A Kalenjin population with a population size of 180000 Marakwet Marakwet A Kalenjin population with a population size of 969000 Pokot Pokot A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 260000 Kunama Kunama A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 108000 Nara Nara A Nilotic Eastern population with a population size of 2,873 Millions Teso Teso Jeberti Jeberti A Bemba population with a population size of 433000 Aushi Aushi Okavango Okavango A Sotho population with a population size of 3,575 Millions Lozi Lozi A Khoisan South population with a population size of 146000 Damara Damara A Western African population with a population size of 61500 Aghem Aghem A Western African population with a population size of 810000 Aja Aja A Akan population with a population size of 2 millions Fante Fante A Western African population with a population size of 2.6 million Anaang Anaang A Akan population with a population size of 5 millions Baule Baule A Western African population with a population size of 659000 Bamum Bamum Kombe Kombe Luvale Luvale A Western African population with a population size of 2500 Bedik Bedik A Western African population with a population size of 40800 Bassari Bassari A Western African population with a population size of 150000 Diffa Arabs Diffa Arabs Ditammari Ditammari Ekoi Ekoi A Western African population with a population size of 304000 Gola Gola The Guan are a Western African population with a population size of 1 million. Guan Guan A Gurma population with a population size of 1.4 million Bariba Bariba A Gurma population with a population size of 950000 Konkomba Konkomba Lilse Lilse Lobi Lobi A Gurma population with a population size of 19700 Pana Pana A Gurma population with a population size of 30900 Samoya Samoya A Western African population with a population size of 2.7 Million Itsekiri Itsekiri A Jola population with a population size of 10125 Bandial Bandial A Mande Western population with a population size of 700000 Dan Dan A Gurma population with a population size of 1.22 millions Kabye Kabye A Western African population with a population size of 104311 Krio Krio A Kru population with a population size of 214000 Krahn Krahn A Kru population with a population size of 387000 Grebo Grebo A Western African population with a population size of 311500 Kulango Kulango A Western African population with a population size of 792190 Limba Limba A Mande Western population with a population size of 115200 Jakhanke Jakhanke A Mande Western population with a population size of 363000 Kono Kono The Kpelle are a Mande Western population with a population size of 2 million. Kpelle Kpelle A Mande Western population with a population size of > 2 millions Kuranko Kuranko A Mande Western population with a population size of 165692 Loko Loko A Mande Western population with a population size of 498000 Mano Mano A Mande Western population with a population size of 240000 Vai Vai A Mande Western population with a population size of 206000 Yalunka Yalunka A Western African population with a population size of 106900 Mankanya Mankanya A Western African population with a population size of 1.407 million Oron Oron A Western African population with a population size of 140000 Papel Papel A Western African population with a population size of 134606 Sherbro Sherbro A Western African population with a population size of 2,225 Millions Temne Temne A Wolof population with a population size of 210000 Lebu Lebu Nuna Nuna A Pygmy Central population with a population size of 12500 Kango A Beti-Pahuin population with a population size of 2500000 Ewondo A Southern African population with a population size of 35500 Birwa A Western African population with a population size of 1,224,545 Kissi A Swahili population with a population size of 416,200 Ngazidja A Swahili population with a population size of 217,400 Maore A Swahili population with a population size of 45,000 Mwali A Swahili population with a population size of 365,900 Ndzwani A Bantu Eastern population with a population size of 1 million Kuria A Jola population with a population size of 117000 Karonica An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process process disposition disposition A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity realizable entity specifically dependent continuant A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) characteristic material property specifically dependent continuant specifically dependent continuant A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role role fiat object fiat object part ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. object aggregate site site function material entity An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Elucidation: An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity material entity immaterial entity immaterial entity One of the small bulbs (as in garlic) developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. clove A peduncle arising at or beneath the surface of the ground in an acaulescent plant (as the tulip); broadly: a flower stalk. scape A material entity that is ingested and contributes to survival, growth and development dietary chemical component Material which remains after the removal of water from plant matter. dry matter dry plant matter digestible carbohydrate available carbohydrate free sugar dietary fibre soluble dietary fibre resistant starch insoluble dietary fibre seed storage protein A mineral nutrient that represents a major proportion of the minerals required in the diet macromineral macro element Mineral nutrient that is present in a very low concentration within the diet micromineral trace element A plant metabolite that is not essential for growth or division of plant cells. secondary metabolite plant secondary metabolite An organic molecule that has a vitamin(role) This term can be assigned to CHEBI or any other ontology that claims it vitamin (molecular entity) dietary calcium dietary chlorine dietary magnesium dietary phosphorus Potassium ingested by an organism that contributes to the survival, growth, development, or other biological function of itself, its bionts, or its holobionts dietary potassium Sodium ingested by an organism that contributes to the survival, growth, development, or other biological function of itself, its bionts, or its holobionts dietary sodium dietary sulfur dietary chromium dietary copper dietary fluorine dietary iodine Iron ingested by an organism that contributes to the survival, growth, development, or other biological function of itself, its bionts, or its holobionts dietary iron dietary manganese dietary molybdenum dietary selenium Zinc ingested by an organism that contributes to the survival, growth, development, or other biological function of itself, its bionts, or its holobionts dietary zinc gum Amylopectin which is derived from starch. amylopectin derived from starch Amylose which is derived from starch. amylose derived from starch Galacturonan which is derived from pectin. galacturonan derived from pectin Rhamnogalacturonan which is derived from pectin. rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Mannan which is derived from hemicellulose. mannan derived from hemicellulose Xylan which is derived from hemicellulose. xylan derived from hemicellulose Xyloglucan which is derived from hemicellulose. xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Glucomannan which is derived from hemicellulose. glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Arabinoxylan which is derived from hemicellulose. arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Fructan which is derived from hemicellulose. fructan derived from hemicellulose Arabinan which is derived from hemicellulose. arabinan derived from hemicellulose Galactomannan which is derived from hemicellulose. galactomannan derived from hemicellulose Galactan which is derived from hemicellulose. galactan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from amylopectin derived from starch. glucose derived from amylopectin derived from starch Glucose which is derived from amylose derived from starch. glucose derived from amylose derived from starch Glucose which is derived from sucrose. glucose derived from sucrose Fructose which is derived from sucrose. fructose derived from sucrose Glucose which is derived from maltose. glucose derived from maltose Galacturonic acid which is derived from galacturonan derived from pectin. galacturonic acid derived from galacturonan derived from pectin Rhamnose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. rhamnose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin D-apiose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. D-apiose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Galacturonic acid which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. galacturonic acid derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Fucose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. fucose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Xylose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. xylose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Arabinose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. arabinose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Galactose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. galactose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Raffinose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Fructose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Stachyose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharidee Fructose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Verbascose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Fructose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from amorphous cellulose. glucose derived from amorphous cellulose Mannose which is derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose. mannose derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Mannose which is derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose. mannose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Arabinose which is derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose. arabinose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Inulin which is derived from fructan. inulin derived from fructan Fructose which is derived from inulin derived from fructan. fructose derived from inulin derived from fructan Amino acid which is derived from protein. amino acid derived from protein The concentration of dietary chemical component when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary chemical component concentration concentration of dietary chemical component in material entity The concentration of water when measured in some material entity. material entity water concentration concentration of water in material entity The concentration of dry plant matter when measured in some material entity. material entity dry plant matter concentration concentration of dry plant matter in material entity The concentration of ash when measured in some material entity. material entity ash concentration concentration of ash in material entity The concentration of carbohydrate when measured in some material entity. material entity carbohydrate concentration concentration of carbohydrate in material entity The concentration of polysaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity polysaccharide concentration concentration of polysaccharide in material entity The concentration of starch when measured in some material entity. material entity starch concentration concentration of starch in material entity The concentration of pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity pectin concentration concentration of pectin in material entity The concentration of amorphous cellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity amorphous cellulose concentration concentration of amorphous cellulose in material entity The concentration of hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity hemicellulose concentration concentration of hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of inulin when measured in some material entity. material entity inulin concentration concentration of inulin in material entity The concentration of monosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity monosaccharide concentration concentration of monosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose concentration concentration of glucose in material entity The concentration of fructose when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose concentration concentration of fructose in material entity The concentration of rhamnose when measured in some material entity. material entity rhamnose concentration concentration of rhamnose in material entity The concentration of D-apiose when measured in some material entity. material entity D-apiose concentration concentration of D-apiose in material entity The concentration of galacturonic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity galacturonic acid concentration concentration of galacturonic acid in material entity The concentration of fucose when measured in some material entity. material entity fucose concentration concentration of fucose in material entity The concentration of xylose when measured in some material entity. material entity xylose concentration concentration of xylose in material entity The concentration of arabinose when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinose concentration concentration of arabinose in material entity The concentration of galactose when measured in some material entity. material entity galactose concentration concentration of galactose in material entity The concentration of mannose when measured in some material entity. material entity mannose concentration concentration of mannose in material entity The concentration of ribose when measured in some material entity. material entity ribose concentration concentration of ribose in material entity The concentration of disaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity disaccharide concentration concentration of disaccharide in material entity The concentration of sucrose when measured in some material entity. material entity sucrose concentration concentration of sucrose in material entity The concentration of trehalose when measured in some material entity. material entity trehalose concentration concentration of trehalose in material entity The concentration of maltose when measured in some material entity. material entity maltose concentration concentration of maltose in material entity The concentration of oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity oligosaccharide concentration concentration of oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of raffinose when measured in some material entity. material entity raffinose concentration concentration of raffinose in material entity The concentration of stachyose when measured in some material entity. material entity stachyose concentration concentration of stachyose in material entity The concentration of verbascose when measured in some material entity. material entity verbascose concentration concentration of verbascose in material entity The concentration of available carbohydrate when measured in some material entity. material entity available carbohydrate concentration concentration of available carbohydrate in material entity The concentration of free sugar when measured in some material entity. material entity free sugar concentration concentration of free sugar in material entity The concentration of dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary fibre concentration concentration of dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of soluble dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. material entity soluble dietary fibre concentration concentration of soluble dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of resistant starch when measured in some material entity. material entity resistant starch concentration concentration of resistant starch in material entity The concentration of insoluble dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. material entity insoluble dietary fibre concentration concentration of insoluble dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of fructan when measured in some material entity. material entity fructan concentration concentration of fructan in material entity The concentration of protein when measured in some material entity. material entity protein concentration concentration of protein in material entity The concentration of seed storage protein when measured in some material entity. material entity seed storage protein concentration concentration of seed storage protein in material entity The concentration of albumin type when measured in some material entity. material entity albumin type concentration concentration of albumin type in material entity The concentration of globulin type when measured in some material entity. material entity globulin type concentration concentration of globulin type in material entity The concentration of prolamin when measured in some material entity. material entity prolamin concentration concentration of prolamin in material entity The concentration of cruciferin when measured in some material entity. material entity cruciferin concentration concentration of cruciferin in material entity The concentration of glutenin when measured in some material entity. material entity glutenin concentration concentration of glutenin in material entity The concentration of alanine when measured in some material entity. material entity alanine concentration concentration of alanine in material entity The concentration of arginine when measured in some material entity. material entity arginine concentration concentration of arginine in material entity The concentration of asparagine when measured in some material entity. material entity asparagine concentration concentration of asparagine in material entity The concentration of aspartic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity aspartic acid concentration concentration of aspartic acid in material entity The concentration of cysteine when measured in some material entity. material entity cysteine concentration concentration of cysteine in material entity The concentration of glutamic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity glutamic acid concentration concentration of glutamic acid in material entity The concentration of glutamine when measured in some material entity. material entity glutamine concentration concentration of glutamine in material entity The concentration of glycine when measured in some material entity. material entity glycine concentration concentration of glycine in material entity The concentration of histidine when measured in some material entity. material entity histidine concentration concentration of histidine in material entity The concentration of hydroxyproline when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxyproline concentration concentration of hydroxyproline in material entity The concentration of isoleucine when measured in some material entity. material entity isoleucine concentration concentration of isoleucine in material entity The concentration of leucine when measured in some material entity. material entity leucine concentration concentration of leucine in material entity The concentration of lysine when measured in some material entity. material entity lysine concentration concentration of lysine in material entity The concentration of methionine when measured in some material entity. material entity methionine concentration concentration of methionine in material entity The concentration of phenylalanine when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylalanine concentration concentration of phenylalanine in material entity The concentration of proline when measured in some material entity. material entity proline concentration concentration of proline in material entity The concentration of serine when measured in some material entity. material entity serine concentration concentration of serine in material entity The concentration of threonine when measured in some material entity. material entity threonine concentration concentration of threonine in material entity The concentration of tryptophan when measured in some material entity. material entity tryptophan concentration concentration of tryptophan in material entity The concentration of tyrosine when measured in some material entity. material entity tyrosine concentration concentration of tyrosine in material entity The concentration of valine when measured in some material entity. material entity valine concentration concentration of valine in material entity The concentration of lipid when measured in some material entity. material entity lipid concentration concentration of lipid in material entity The concentration of diglyceride when measured in some material entity. material entity diglyceride concentration concentration of diglyceride in material entity The concentration of cis-fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity cis-fatty acid concentration concentration of cis-fatty acid in material entity The concentration of octanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity octanoic acid concentration concentration of octanoic acid in material entity The concentration of pentadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity pentadecanoic acid concentration concentration of pentadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of tetracosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity tetracosanoic acid concentration concentration of tetracosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of dodecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity dodecanoic acid concentration concentration of dodecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of tetradecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity tetradecanoic acid concentration concentration of tetradecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of hexadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hexadecanoic acid concentration concentration of hexadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of heptadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity heptadecanoic acid concentration concentration of heptadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of octadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity octadecanoic acid concentration concentration of octadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of icosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosanoic acid concentration concentration of icosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosanoic acid concentration concentration of docosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of propionic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity propionic acid concentration concentration of propionic acid in material entity The concentration of myristoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity myristoleic acid concentration concentration of myristoleic acid in material entity The concentration of palmitoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity palmitoleic acid concentration concentration of palmitoleic acid in material entity The concentration of oleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity oleic acid concentration concentration of oleic acid in material entity The concentration of palmitelaidic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity palmitelaidic acid concentration concentration of palmitelaidic acid in material entity The concentration of elaidic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity elaidic acid concentration concentration of elaidic acid in material entity The concentration of vaccenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity vaccenic acid concentration concentration of vaccenic acid in material entity The concentration of (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid concentration concentration of (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid in material entity The concentration of erucic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity erucic acid concentration concentration of erucic acid in material entity The concentration of (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid concentration concentration of (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid in material entity The concentration of ω−3 fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ω−3 fatty acid concentration concentration of ω−3 fatty acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid in material entity The concentration of eicosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity eicosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of eicosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid concentration concentration of 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of α-linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity α-linolenic acid concentration concentration of α-linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of icosapentaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosapentaenoic acid concentration concentration of icosapentaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosapentaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosapentaenoic acid concentration concentration of docosapentaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosahexaenoic acid concentration concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity linolenic acid concentration concentration of linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of ω−6 fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ω−6 fatty acid concentration concentration of ω−6 fatty acid in material entity The concentration of linoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity linoleic acid concentration concentration of linoleic acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid in material entity The concentration of γ-linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity γ-linolenic acid concentration concentration of γ-linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of icosadienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosadienoic acid concentration concentration of icosadienoic acid in material entity The concentration of arachidonic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity arachidonic acid concentration concentration of arachidonic acid in material entity The concentration of docosadienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosadienoic acid concentration concentration of docosadienoic acid in material entity The concentration of 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of trans-fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-fatty acid concentration concentration of trans-fatty acid in material entity The concentration of capsaicin when measured in some material entity. material entity capsaicin concentration concentration of capsaicin in material entity The concentration of phospholipid when measured in some material entity. material entity phospholipid concentration concentration of phospholipid in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylcholine when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphatidylcholine concentration concentration of phosphatidylcholine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphatidylethanolamine concentration concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidyl-L-serine when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphatidyl-L-serine concentration concentration of phosphatidyl-L-serine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylinositol when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphatidylinositol concentration concentration of phosphatidylinositol in material entity The concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine when measured in some material entity. material entity lysophosphatidylcholine concentration concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine in material entity The concentration of glycolipid when measured in some material entity. material entity glycolipid concentration concentration of glycolipid in material entity The concentration of glycoglycerolipid when measured in some material entity. material entity glycoglycerolipid concentration concentration of glycoglycerolipid in material entity The concentration of sterol when measured in some material entity. material entity sterol concentration concentration of sterol in material entity The concentration of campestanol when measured in some material entity. material entity campestanol concentration concentration of campestanol in material entity The concentration of cholesterol when measured in some material entity. material entity cholesterol concentration concentration of cholesterol in material entity The concentration of lupeol when measured in some material entity. material entity lupeol concentration concentration of lupeol in material entity The concentration of phytosterols when measured in some material entity. material entity phytosterols concentration concentration of phytosterols in material entity The concentration of avenasterol when measured in some material entity. material entity avenasterol concentration concentration of avenasterol in material entity The concentration of isofucosterol when measured in some material entity. material entity isofucosterol concentration concentration of isofucosterol in material entity The concentration of delta7-avenasterol when measured in some material entity. material entity delta7-avenasterol concentration concentration of delta7-avenasterol in material entity The concentration of brassicasterol when measured in some material entity. material entity brassicasterol concentration concentration of brassicasterol in material entity The concentration of campesterol when measured in some material entity. material entity campesterol concentration concentration of campesterol in material entity The concentration of ergosterol when measured in some material entity. material entity ergosterol concentration concentration of ergosterol in material entity The concentration of sitosterol when measured in some material entity. material entity sitosterol concentration concentration of sitosterol in material entity The concentration of stigmastanol when measured in some material entity. material entity stigmastanol concentration concentration of stigmastanol in material entity The concentration of stigmasterol when measured in some material entity. material entity stigmasterol concentration concentration of stigmasterol in material entity The concentration of delta7-stigmasterol when measured in some material entity. material entity delta7-stigmasterol concentration concentration of delta7-stigmasterol in material entity The concentration of mineral nutrient when measured in some material entity. material entity mineral nutrient concentration concentration of mineral nutrient in material entity The concentration of macro element when measured in some material entity. material entity macro element concentration concentration of macro element in material entity The concentration of calcium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium(2+) concentration concentration of calcium(2+) in material entity The concentration of chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity chloride concentration concentration of chloride in material entity The concentration of magnesium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium(2+) concentration concentration of magnesium(2+) in material entity The concentration of nitrogen atom when measured in some material entity. material entity nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in material entity The concentration of phosphide(3−) when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphide(3−) concentration concentration of phosphide(3−) in material entity The concentration of potassium(1+) when measured in some material entity. material entity potassium(1+) concentration concentration of potassium(1+) in material entity The concentration of sodium(1+) when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium(1+) concentration concentration of sodium(1+) in material entity The concentration of sulfide(2−) when measured in some material entity. material entity sulfide(2−) concentration concentration of sulfide(2−) in material entity The concentration of trace element when measured in some material entity. material entity trace element concentration concentration of trace element in material entity The concentration of aluminium(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity aluminium(3+) concentration concentration of aluminium(3+) in material entity The concentration of antimony(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity antimony(3+) concentration concentration of antimony(3+) in material entity The concentration of arsenic(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity arsenic(3+) concentration concentration of arsenic(3+) in material entity The concentration of boron(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity boron(3+) concentration concentration of boron(3+) in material entity The concentration of cadmium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity cadmium(2+) concentration concentration of cadmium(2+) in material entity The concentration of chromium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity chromium(2+) concentration concentration of chromium(2+) in material entity The concentration of cobalt(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity cobalt(2+) concentration concentration of cobalt(2+) in material entity The concentration of copper(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity copper(2+) concentration concentration of copper(2+) in material entity The concentration of fluoride when measured in some material entity. material entity fluoride concentration concentration of fluoride in material entity The concentration of iodide when measured in some material entity. material entity iodide concentration concentration of iodide in material entity The concentration of iron(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity iron(2+) concentration concentration of iron(2+) in material entity The concentration of lead(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity lead(2+) concentration concentration of lead(2+) in material entity The concentration of lithium(1+) when measured in some material entity. material entity lithium(1+) concentration concentration of lithium(1+) in material entity The concentration of manganese atom when measured in some material entity. material entity manganese atom concentration concentration of manganese atom in material entity The concentration of mercury(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity mercury(2+) concentration concentration of mercury(2+) in material entity The concentration of molybdenum(4+) when measured in some material entity. material entity molybdenum(4+) concentration concentration of molybdenum(4+) in material entity The concentration of nickel(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity nickel(2+) concentration concentration of nickel(2+) in material entity The concentration of rubidium(1+) when measured in some material entity. material entity rubidium(1+) concentration concentration of rubidium(1+) in material entity The concentration of selenium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity selenium(2+) concentration concentration of selenium(2+) in material entity The concentration of strontium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity strontium(2+) concentration concentration of strontium(2+) in material entity The concentration of tin(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity tin(2+) concentration concentration of tin(2+) in material entity The concentration of titanium(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity titanium(3+) concentration concentration of titanium(3+) in material entity The concentration of vanadium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity vanadium(2+) concentration concentration of vanadium(2+) in material entity The concentration of zinc(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity zinc(2+) concentration concentration of zinc(2+) in material entity The concentration of barium(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity barium(2+) concentration concentration of barium(2+) in material entity The concentration of caesium(1+) when measured in some material entity. material entity caesium(1+) concentration concentration of caesium(1+) in material entity The concentration of bismuth(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity bismuth(3+) concentration concentration of bismuth(3+) in material entity The concentration of lanthanum(2+) when measured in some material entity. material entity lanthanum(2+) concentration concentration of lanthanum(2+) in material entity The concentration of salt when measured in some material entity. material entity salt concentration concentration of salt in material entity The concentration of sodium chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium chloride concentration concentration of sodium chloride in material entity The concentration of inorganic nitrate salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic nitrate salt concentration concentration of inorganic nitrate salt in material entity The concentration of bromide when measured in some material entity. material entity bromide concentration concentration of bromide in material entity The concentration of vitamin (molecular entity) when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin (molecular entity) concentration concentration of vitamin (molecular entity) in material entity The concentration of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid concentration concentration of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid in material entity The concentration of B vitamin when measured in some material entity. material entity B vitamin concentration concentration of B vitamin in material entity The concentration of (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate when measured in some material entity. material entity (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate concentration concentration of (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate in material entity The concentration of vitamin B1 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B1 concentration concentration of vitamin B1 in material entity The concentration of riboflavin when measured in some material entity. material entity riboflavin concentration concentration of riboflavin in material entity The concentration of nicotinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity nicotinic acid concentration concentration of nicotinic acid in material entity The concentration of (R)-pantothenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (R)-pantothenic acid concentration concentration of (R)-pantothenic acid in material entity The concentration of pyridoxine when measured in some material entity. material entity pyridoxine concentration concentration of pyridoxine in material entity The concentration of biotin when measured in some material entity. material entity biotin concentration concentration of biotin in material entity The concentration of folic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity folic acid concentration concentration of folic acid in material entity The concentration of cyanocob(III)alamin when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanocob(III)alamin concentration concentration of cyanocob(III)alamin in material entity The concentration of vitamin C when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin C concentration concentration of vitamin C in material entity The concentration of L-ascorbic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity L-ascorbic acid concentration concentration of L-ascorbic acid in material entity The concentration of vitamin A when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin A concentration concentration of vitamin A in material entity The concentration of carotenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity carotenoid concentration concentration of carotenoid in material entity The concentration of α-carotene when measured in some material entity. material entity α-carotene concentration concentration of α-carotene in material entity The concentration of β-carotene when measured in some material entity. material entity β-carotene concentration concentration of β-carotene in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene concentration concentration of 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene in material entity The concentration of 9-cis-β-carotene when measured in some material entity. material entity 9-cis-β-carotene concentration concentration of 9-cis-β-carotene in material entity The concentration of vitamin D when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin D concentration concentration of vitamin D in material entity The concentration of calcidiol when measured in some material entity. material entity calcidiol concentration concentration of calcidiol in material entity The concentration of vitamin E when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin E concentration concentration of vitamin E in material entity The concentration of tocopherol when measured in some material entity. material entity tocopherol concentration concentration of tocopherol in material entity The concentration of α-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. material entity α-tocopherol concentration concentration of α-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of β-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. material entity β-tocopherol concentration concentration of β-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of γ-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. material entity γ-tocopherol concentration concentration of γ-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of δ-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. material entity δ-tocopherol concentration concentration of δ-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. material entity tocotrienol concentration concentration of tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of α-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. material entity α-tocotrienol concentration concentration of α-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of β-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. material entity β-tocotrienol concentration concentration of β-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of γ-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. material entity γ-tocotrienol concentration concentration of γ-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of δ-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. material entity δ-tocotrienol concentration concentration of δ-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of vitamin K when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin K concentration concentration of vitamin K in material entity The concentration of plant secondary metabolite when measured in some material entity. material entity plant secondary metabolite concentration concentration of plant secondary metabolite in material entity The concentration of alkaloid when measured in some material entity. material entity alkaloid concentration concentration of alkaloid in material entity The concentration of caffeine when measured in some material entity. material entity caffeine concentration concentration of caffeine in material entity The concentration of mescaline when measured in some material entity. material entity mescaline concentration concentration of mescaline in material entity The concentration of theobromine when measured in some material entity. material entity theobromine concentration concentration of theobromine in material entity The concentration of phenols when measured in some material entity. material entity phenols concentration concentration of phenols in material entity The concentration of polyphenol when measured in some material entity. material entity polyphenol concentration concentration of polyphenol in material entity The concentration of tannin when measured in some material entity. material entity tannin concentration concentration of tannin in material entity The concentration of chlorogenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity chlorogenic acid concentration concentration of chlorogenic acid in material entity The concentration of proanthocyanidin when measured in some material entity. material entity proanthocyanidin concentration concentration of proanthocyanidin in material entity The concentration of hydrolysable tannin when measured in some material entity. material entity hydrolysable tannin concentration concentration of hydrolysable tannin in material entity The concentration of ellagitannin when measured in some material entity. material entity ellagitannin concentration concentration of ellagitannin in material entity The concentration of gallotannin when measured in some material entity. material entity gallotannin concentration concentration of gallotannin in material entity The concentration of phlorotannin when measured in some material entity. material entity phlorotannin concentration concentration of phlorotannin in material entity The concentration of catechol when measured in some material entity. material entity catechol concentration concentration of catechol in material entity The concentration of phloroglucinol when measured in some material entity. material entity phloroglucinol concentration concentration of phloroglucinol in material entity The concentration of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate concentration concentration of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate in material entity The concentration of phenolic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phenolic acid concentration concentration of phenolic acid in material entity The concentration of gallic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity gallic acid concentration concentration of gallic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of hydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of salicylic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity salicylic acid concentration concentration of salicylic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside concentration concentration of hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside in material entity The concentration of vanillic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity vanillic acid concentration concentration of vanillic acid in material entity The concentration of syringic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity syringic acid concentration concentration of syringic acid in material entity The concentration of methyl ketone when measured in some material entity. material entity methyl ketone concentration concentration of methyl ketone in material entity The concentration of acetophenone when measured in some material entity. material entity acetophenone concentration concentration of acetophenone in material entity The concentration of phenylacetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylacetic acid concentration concentration of phenylacetic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxycinnamic acid concentration concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid in material entity The concentration of caffeic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity caffeic acid concentration concentration of caffeic acid in material entity The concentration of sinapic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity sinapic acid concentration concentration of sinapic acid in material entity The concentration of chromones when measured in some material entity. material entity chromones concentration concentration of chromones in material entity The concentration of Chicoric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity Chicoric acid concentration concentration of Chicoric acid in material entity The concentration of coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity coumaric acid concentration concentration of coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 4-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 4-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 2-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 2-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 3-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 3-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of ferulic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ferulic acid concentration concentration of ferulic acid in material entity The concentration of scopoletin when measured in some material entity. material entity scopoletin concentration concentration of scopoletin in material entity The concentration of phenylpropane when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylpropane concentration concentration of phenylpropane in material entity The concentration of naphthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity naphthoquinone concentration concentration of naphthoquinone in material entity The concentration of 1,2-napthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity 1,2-napthoquinone concentration concentration of 1,2-napthoquinone in material entity The concentration of 1,4-napthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity 1,4-napthoquinone concentration concentration of 1,4-napthoquinone in material entity The concentration of juglone when measured in some material entity. material entity juglone concentration concentration of juglone in material entity The concentration of stilbenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity stilbenoid concentration concentration of stilbenoid in material entity The concentration of stilbene when measured in some material entity. material entity stilbene concentration concentration of stilbene in material entity The concentration of anthraquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity anthraquinone concentration concentration of anthraquinone in material entity The concentration of aglycone when measured in some material entity. material entity aglycone concentration concentration of aglycone in material entity The concentration of emodin when measured in some material entity. material entity emodin concentration concentration of emodin in material entity The concentration of xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthones concentration concentration of xanthones in material entity The concentration of simple oxygenated xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity simple oxygenated xanthones concentration concentration of simple oxygenated xanthones in material entity The concentration of xanthone glycoside when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthone glycoside concentration concentration of xanthone glycoside in material entity The concentration of prenylated and related xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity prenylated and related xanthones concentration concentration of prenylated and related xanthones in material entity The concentration of xanthonolignoid when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthonolignoid concentration concentration of xanthonolignoid in material entity The concentration of flavonoids when measured in some material entity. material entity flavonoids concentration concentration of flavonoids in material entity The concentration of flavonoid when measured in some material entity. material entity flavonoid concentration concentration of flavonoid in material entity The concentration of malvidin when measured in some material entity. material entity malvidin concentration concentration of malvidin in material entity The concentration of kaempferol when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferol concentration concentration of kaempferol in material entity The concentration of flavan when measured in some material entity. material entity flavan concentration concentration of flavan in material entity The concentration of flavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity flavanone concentration concentration of flavanone in material entity The concentration of 6-prenylnaringenin when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-prenylnaringenin concentration concentration of 6-prenylnaringenin in material entity The concentration of sophoraflavanone B when measured in some material entity. material entity sophoraflavanone B concentration concentration of sophoraflavanone B in material entity The concentration of eriocitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity eriocitrin concentration concentration of eriocitrin in material entity The concentration of eriodictyol when measured in some material entity. material entity eriodictyol concentration concentration of eriodictyol in material entity The concentration of hesperetin when measured in some material entity. material entity hesperetin concentration concentration of hesperetin in material entity The concentration of hesperidin when measured in some material entity. material entity hesperidin concentration concentration of hesperidin in material entity The concentration of homoeriodictyol when measured in some material entity. material entity homoeriodictyol concentration concentration of homoeriodictyol in material entity The concentration of 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone concentration concentration of 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone in material entity The concentration of naringenin when measured in some material entity. material entity naringenin concentration concentration of naringenin in material entity The concentration of naringin when measured in some material entity. material entity naringin concentration concentration of naringin in material entity The concentration of narirutin when measured in some material entity. material entity narirutin concentration concentration of narirutin in material entity The concentration of neoeriocitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity neoeriocitrin concentration concentration of neoeriocitrin in material entity The concentration of neohesperidin when measured in some material entity. material entity neohesperidin concentration concentration of neohesperidin in material entity The concentration of pinocembrin when measured in some material entity. material entity pinocembrin concentration concentration of pinocembrin in material entity The concentration of (2S)-poncirin when measured in some material entity. material entity (2S)-poncirin concentration concentration of (2S)-poncirin in material entity The concentration of sakuranetin when measured in some material entity. material entity sakuranetin concentration concentration of sakuranetin in material entity The concentration of flavone when measured in some material entity. material entity flavone concentration concentration of flavone in material entity The concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-hydroxyluteolin concentration concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin in material entity The concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside concentration concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside in material entity The concentration of 4',7-dihydroxyflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4',7-dihydroxyflavone concentration concentration of 4',7-dihydroxyflavone in material entity The concentration of apigenin when measured in some material entity. material entity apigenin concentration concentration of apigenin in material entity The concentration of baicalein when measured in some material entity. material entity baicalein concentration concentration of baicalein in material entity The concentration of chrysin when measured in some material entity. material entity chrysin concentration concentration of chrysin in material entity The concentration of cirsilineol when measured in some material entity. material entity cirsilineol concentration concentration of cirsilineol in material entity The concentration of cirsimaritin when measured in some material entity. material entity cirsimaritin concentration concentration of cirsimaritin in material entity The concentration of diosmin when measured in some material entity. material entity diosmin concentration concentration of diosmin in material entity The concentration of dihydromyricetin when measured in some material entity. material entity dihydromyricetin concentration concentration of dihydromyricetin in material entity The concentration of eupatorin when measured in some material entity. material entity eupatorin concentration concentration of eupatorin in material entity The concentration of gardenin B when measured in some material entity. material entity gardenin B concentration concentration of gardenin B in material entity The concentration of geraldone when measured in some material entity. material entity geraldone concentration concentration of geraldone in material entity The concentration of hispidulin when measured in some material entity. material entity hispidulin concentration concentration of hispidulin in material entity The concentration of isovitexin when measured in some material entity. material entity isovitexin concentration concentration of isovitexin in material entity The concentration of jaceosidin when measured in some material entity. material entity jaceosidin concentration concentration of jaceosidin in material entity The concentration of luteolin when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin concentration concentration of luteolin in material entity The concentration of luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) concentration concentration of luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) in material entity The concentration of myricitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity myricitrin concentration concentration of myricitrin in material entity The concentration of nobiletin when measured in some material entity. material entity nobiletin concentration concentration of nobiletin in material entity The concentration of quercetin when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin concentration concentration of quercetin in material entity The concentration of apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside when measured in some material entity. material entity apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside concentration concentration of apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside in material entity The concentration of scutellarein when measured in some material entity. material entity scutellarein concentration concentration of scutellarein in material entity The concentration of sinensetin when measured in some material entity. material entity sinensetin concentration concentration of sinensetin in material entity The concentration of tangeretin when measured in some material entity. material entity tangeretin concentration concentration of tangeretin in material entity The concentration of vitexin when measured in some material entity. material entity vitexin concentration concentration of vitexin in material entity The concentration of dihydroflavonols when measured in some material entity. material entity dihydroflavonols concentration concentration of dihydroflavonols in material entity The concentration of hydroxyflavan when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxyflavan concentration concentration of hydroxyflavan in material entity The concentration of catechin when measured in some material entity. material entity catechin concentration concentration of catechin in material entity The concentration of (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate concentration concentration of (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate in material entity The concentration of (+)-gallocatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-gallocatechin concentration concentration of (+)-gallocatechin in material entity The concentration of (-)-epicatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-epicatechin concentration concentration of (-)-epicatechin in material entity The concentration of (+)-epicatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-epicatechin concentration concentration of (+)-epicatechin in material entity The concentration of (-)-gallocatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-gallocatechin concentration concentration of (-)-gallocatechin in material entity The concentration of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate concentration concentration of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate in material entity The concentration of (-)-epigallocatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-epigallocatechin concentration concentration of (-)-epigallocatechin in material entity The concentration of 3'-O-methylepicatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity 3'-O-methylepicatechin concentration concentration of 3'-O-methylepicatechin in material entity The concentration of 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate concentration concentration of 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in material entity The concentration of 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin concentration concentration of 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin in material entity The concentration of cinnamtannin A2 when measured in some material entity. material entity cinnamtannin A2 concentration concentration of cinnamtannin A2 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin concentration concentration of procyanidin in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B1 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B1 concentration concentration of procyanidin B1 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B2 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B2 concentration concentration of procyanidin B2 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B3 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B3 concentration concentration of procyanidin B3 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B4 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B4 concentration concentration of procyanidin B4 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B5 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B5 concentration concentration of procyanidin B5 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin B6 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin B6 concentration concentration of procyanidin B6 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin C1 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin C1 concentration concentration of procyanidin C1 in material entity The concentration of procyanidin C2 when measured in some material entity. material entity procyanidin C2 concentration concentration of procyanidin C2 in material entity The concentration of theaflavin when measured in some material entity. material entity theaflavin concentration concentration of theaflavin in material entity The concentration of peltogynoid when measured in some material entity. material entity peltogynoid concentration concentration of peltogynoid in material entity The concentration of dihydrochalcones when measured in some material entity. material entity dihydrochalcones concentration concentration of dihydrochalcones in material entity The concentration of 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosylglucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosylglucoside concentration concentration of 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosylglucoside in material entity The concentration of phloretin when measured in some material entity. material entity phloretin concentration concentration of phloretin in material entity The concentration of phlorizin when measured in some material entity. material entity phlorizin concentration concentration of phlorizin in material entity The concentration of chalcones when measured in some material entity. material entity chalcones concentration concentration of chalcones in material entity The concentration of butein when measured in some material entity. material entity butein concentration concentration of butein in material entity The concentration of xanthohumol when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthohumol concentration concentration of xanthohumol in material entity The concentration of aurone when measured in some material entity. material entity aurone concentration concentration of aurone in material entity The concentration of anthocyanidin when measured in some material entity. material entity anthocyanidin concentration concentration of anthocyanidin in material entity The concentration of cyanidin cation when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin cation concentration concentration of cyanidin cation in material entity The concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside concentration concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside in material entity The concentration of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside concentration concentration of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside in material entity The concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside concentration concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside in material entity The concentration of Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside when measured in some material entity. material entity Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside concentration concentration of Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside in material entity The concentration of isopeonidin 3-rutinoside when measured in some material entity. material entity isopeonidin 3-rutinoside concentration concentration of isopeonidin 3-rutinoside in material entity The concentration of pelargonidin when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonidin concentration concentration of pelargonidin in material entity The concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside concentration concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside in material entity The concentration of anthocyanin when measured in some material entity. material entity anthocyanin concentration concentration of anthocyanin in material entity The concentration of anthocyanin chlorides when measured in some material entity. material entity anthocyanin chlorides concentration concentration of anthocyanin chlorides in material entity The concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside chloride concentration concentration of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside chloride in material entity The concentration of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride concentration concentration of cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride in material entity The concentration of cyanin chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanin chloride concentration concentration of cyanin chloride in material entity The concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside chloride concentration concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside chloride in material entity The concentration of β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of delphinidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity delphinidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of delphinidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of petunidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity petunidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of petunidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of isoflavonoid when measured in some material entity. material entity isoflavonoid concentration concentration of isoflavonoid in material entity The concentration of isoflavans when measured in some material entity. material entity isoflavans concentration concentration of isoflavans in material entity The concentration of isoflavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity isoflavanone concentration concentration of isoflavanone in material entity The concentration of isoflavones when measured in some material entity. material entity isoflavones concentration concentration of isoflavones in material entity The concentration of hydroxyisoflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxyisoflavone concentration concentration of hydroxyisoflavone in material entity The concentration of daidzein when measured in some material entity. material entity daidzein concentration concentration of daidzein in material entity The concentration of genistein when measured in some material entity. material entity genistein concentration concentration of genistein in material entity The concentration of glycitein when measured in some material entity. material entity glycitein concentration concentration of glycitein in material entity The concentration of glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoside concentration concentration of glucoside in material entity The concentration of daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of genistein 7-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity genistein 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of genistein 7-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of glycitin when measured in some material entity. material entity glycitin concentration concentration of glycitin in material entity The concentration of glycosyloxyisoflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity glycosyloxyisoflavone concentration concentration of glycosyloxyisoflavone in material entity The concentration of malonyldaidzin when measured in some material entity. material entity malonyldaidzin concentration concentration of malonyldaidzin in material entity The concentration of malonylgenistin when measured in some material entity. material entity malonylgenistin concentration concentration of malonylgenistin in material entity The concentration of malonylglycitin when measured in some material entity. material entity malonylglycitin concentration concentration of malonylglycitin in material entity The concentration of glycitein 7-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside) when measured in some material entity. material entity glycitein 7-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside) concentration concentration of glycitein 7-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside) in material entity The concentration of rotenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity rotenoid concentration concentration of rotenoid in material entity The concentration of coumestans when measured in some material entity. material entity coumestans concentration concentration of coumestans in material entity The concentration of coumestan when measured in some material entity. material entity coumestan concentration concentration of coumestan in material entity The concentration of coumestrol when measured in some material entity. material entity coumestrol concentration concentration of coumestrol in material entity The concentration of 3-arylcoumarin when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-arylcoumarin concentration concentration of 3-arylcoumarin in material entity The concentration of pterocarpans when measured in some material entity. material entity pterocarpans concentration concentration of pterocarpans in material entity The concentration of pterocarpan when measured in some material entity. material entity pterocarpan concentration concentration of pterocarpan in material entity The concentration of (_)-phaseolin when measured in some material entity. material entity (_)-phaseolin concentration concentration of (_)-phaseolin in material entity The concentration of (+)-pisatin when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-pisatin concentration concentration of (+)-pisatin in material entity The concentration of neoflavonoid when measured in some material entity. material entity neoflavonoid concentration concentration of neoflavonoid in material entity The concentration of biflavonoid when measured in some material entity. material entity biflavonoid concentration concentration of biflavonoid in material entity The concentration of phenylpropanoid when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylpropanoid concentration concentration of phenylpropanoid in material entity The concentration of lignan when measured in some material entity. material entity lignan concentration concentration of lignan in material entity The concentration of 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one concentration concentration of 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one in material entity The concentration of neolignan when measured in some material entity. material entity neolignan concentration concentration of neolignan in material entity The concentration of lignin when measured in some material entity. material entity lignin concentration concentration of lignin in material entity The concentration of Melanin when measured in some material entity. material entity Melanin concentration concentration of Melanin in material entity The concentration of catechol melanin when measured in some material entity. material entity catechol melanin concentration concentration of catechol melanin in material entity The concentration of allomelanin when measured in some material entity. material entity allomelanin concentration concentration of allomelanin in material entity The concentration of terpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity terpenoid concentration concentration of terpenoid in material entity The concentration of monoterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity monoterpenoid concentration concentration of monoterpenoid in material entity The concentration of sesquiterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity sesquiterpenoid concentration concentration of sesquiterpenoid in material entity The concentration of diterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity diterpenoid concentration concentration of diterpenoid in material entity The concentration of xanthophyll when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthophyll concentration concentration of xanthophyll in material entity The concentration of zeaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity zeaxanthin concentration concentration of zeaxanthin in material entity The concentration of α-cryptoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity α-cryptoxanthin concentration concentration of α-cryptoxanthin in material entity The concentration of β-cryptoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity β-cryptoxanthin concentration concentration of β-cryptoxanthin in material entity The concentration of lutein when measured in some material entity. material entity lutein concentration concentration of lutein in material entity The concentration of phytoene when measured in some material entity. material entity phytoene concentration concentration of phytoene in material entity The concentration of neoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity neoxanthin concentration concentration of neoxanthin in material entity The concentration of violaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity violaxanthin concentration concentration of violaxanthin in material entity The concentration of lycopene when measured in some material entity. material entity lycopene concentration concentration of lycopene in material entity The concentration of 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene when measured in some material entity. material entity 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene concentration concentration of 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene in material entity The concentration of retinol when measured in some material entity. material entity retinol concentration concentration of retinol in material entity The concentration of triterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity triterpenoid concentration concentration of triterpenoid in material entity The concentration of organic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity organic acid concentration concentration of organic acid in material entity The concentration of acetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity acetic acid concentration concentration of acetic acid in material entity The concentration of citric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity citric acid concentration concentration of citric acid in material entity The concentration of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-hydroxypropanoic acid concentration concentration of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid in material entity The concentration of (R)-lactic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (R)-lactic acid concentration concentration of (R)-lactic acid in material entity The concentration of (S)-lactic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (S)-lactic acid concentration concentration of (S)-lactic acid in material entity The concentration of malic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity malic acid concentration concentration of malic acid in material entity The concentration of malonic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity malonic acid concentration concentration of malonic acid in material entity The concentration of ascorbic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ascorbic acid concentration concentration of ascorbic acid in material entity The concentration of L-dehydroascorbic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity L-dehydroascorbic acid concentration concentration of L-dehydroascorbic acid in material entity The concentration of oxalic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity oxalic acid concentration concentration of oxalic acid in material entity The concentration of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity myo-inositol hexakisphosphate concentration concentration of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in material entity The concentration of quinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity quinic acid concentration concentration of quinic acid in material entity The concentration of pyruvic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity pyruvic acid concentration concentration of pyruvic acid in material entity The concentration of shikimic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity shikimic acid concentration concentration of shikimic acid in material entity The concentration of succinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity succinic acid concentration concentration of succinic acid in material entity The concentration of tartaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity tartaric acid concentration concentration of tartaric acid in material entity The concentration of isocitric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity isocitric acid concentration concentration of isocitric acid in material entity The concentration of oxaloacetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity oxaloacetic acid concentration concentration of oxaloacetic acid in material entity The concentration of inositol when measured in some material entity. material entity inositol concentration concentration of inositol in material entity The concentration of taurine when measured in some material entity. material entity taurine concentration concentration of taurine in material entity The concentration of glycine betaine when measured in some material entity. material entity glycine betaine concentration concentration of glycine betaine in material entity The concentration of polyol when measured in some material entity. material entity polyol concentration concentration of polyol in material entity The concentration of mannitol when measured in some material entity. material entity mannitol concentration concentration of mannitol in material entity The concentration of xylitol when measured in some material entity. material entity xylitol concentration concentration of xylitol in material entity The concentration of glucitol when measured in some material entity. material entity glucitol concentration concentration of glucitol in material entity The concentration of choline when measured in some material entity. material entity choline concentration concentration of choline in material entity The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid in material entity The concentration of glucomannan when measured in some material entity. material entity glucomannan concentration concentration of glucomannan in material entity The concentration of glycerol when measured in some material entity. material entity glycerol concentration concentration of glycerol in material entity The concentration of triglyceride when measured in some material entity. material entity triglyceride concentration concentration of triglyceride in material entity The concentration of xyloglucan when measured in some material entity. material entity xyloglucan concentration concentration of xyloglucan in material entity The concentration of arabinan when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinan concentration concentration of arabinan in material entity The concentration of galacturonan when measured in some material entity. material entity galacturonan concentration concentration of galacturonan in material entity The concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity monounsaturated fatty acid concentration concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid in material entity The concentration of rhamnogalacturonan when measured in some material entity. material entity rhamnogalacturonan concentration concentration of rhamnogalacturonan in material entity The concentration of saturated fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity saturated fatty acid concentration concentration of saturated fatty acid in material entity The concentration of galactomannan when measured in some material entity. material entity galactomannan concentration concentration of galactomannan in material entity The concentration of amylopectin when measured in some material entity. material entity amylopectin concentration concentration of amylopectin in material entity The concentration of amylose when measured in some material entity. material entity amylose concentration concentration of amylose in material entity The concentration of arabinoxylan when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinoxylan concentration concentration of arabinoxylan in material entity The concentration of mannan when measured in some material entity. material entity mannan concentration concentration of mannan in material entity The concentration of amino acid when measured in some material entity. material entity amino acid concentration concentration of amino acid in material entity The concentration of fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity fatty acid concentration concentration of fatty acid in material entity The concentration of galactan when measured in some material entity. material entity galactan concentration concentration of galactan in material entity The concentration of xylan when measured in some material entity. material entity xylan concentration concentration of xylan in material entity The concentration of glucan when measured in some material entity. material entity glucan concentration concentration of glucan in material entity The concentration of amylopectin derived from starch when measured in some material entity. material entity amylopectin derived from starch concentration concentration of amylopectin derived from starch in material entity The concentration of amylose derived from starch when measured in some material entity. material entity amylose derived from starch concentration concentration of amylose derived from starch in material entity The concentration of galacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity galacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of galacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of mannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity mannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of mannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of xylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity xylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of xylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of glucomannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucomannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of glucomannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of fructan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity fructan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of fructan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of arabinan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of arabinan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of galactomannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity galactomannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of galactomannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of galactan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity galactan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of galactan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from amylopectin derived from starch when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from amylopectin derived from starch concentration concentration of glucose derived from amylopectin derived from starch in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from amylose derived from starch when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from amylose derived from starch concentration concentration of glucose derived from amylose derived from starch in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from sucrose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from sucrose concentration concentration of glucose derived from sucrose in material entity The concentration of fructose derived from sucrose when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose derived from sucrose concentration concentration of fructose derived from sucrose in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from maltose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from maltose concentration concentration of glucose derived from maltose in material entity The concentration of galacturonic acid derived from galacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity galacturonic acid derived from galacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of galacturonic acid derived from galacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of rhamnose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity rhamnose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of rhamnose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of D-apiose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity D-apiose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of D-apiose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of galacturonic acid derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity galacturonic acid derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of galacturonic acid derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of fucose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity fucose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of fucose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of xylose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity xylose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of xylose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of arabinose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of arabinose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of galactose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin when measured in some material entity. material entity galactose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin concentration concentration of galactose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin in material entity The concentration of raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of galactose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity galactose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of galactose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of glucose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of fructose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of fructose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of galactose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity galactose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of galactose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of glucose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of fructose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of fructose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of verbascose derived from rraffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity verbascose derived from rraffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of verbascose derived from rraffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of galactose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity galactose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of galactose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of glucose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of fructose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of fructose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from cellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from cellulose concentration concentration of glucose derived from cellulose in material entity The concentration of mannose derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity mannose derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of mannose derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of glucose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of xylose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity xylose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of xylose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of glucose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of xylose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity xylose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of xylose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of glucose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity glucose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of glucose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of mannose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity mannose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of mannose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of arabinose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity arabinose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of arabinose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of xylose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. material entity xylose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose concentration concentration of xylose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of inulin derived from fructan when measured in some material entity. material entity inulin derived from fructan concentration concentration of inulin derived from fructan in material entity The concentration of fructose derived from inulin derived from fructan when measured in some material entity. material entity fructose derived from inulin derived from fructan concentration concentration of fructose derived from inulin derived from fructan in material entity The concentration of amino acid derived from protein when measured in some material entity. material entity amino acid derived from protein concentration concentration of amino acid derived from protein in material entity The concentration of isoprenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity isoprenoid concentration concentration of isoprenoid in material entity The concentration of terpene when measured in some material entity. material entity terpene concentration concentration of terpene in material entity The concentration of tetraterpene when measured in some material entity. material entity tetraterpene concentration concentration of tetraterpene in material entity The concentration of carotene when measured in some material entity. material entity carotene concentration concentration of carotene in material entity The concentration of tetraterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity tetraterpenoid concentration concentration of tetraterpenoid in material entity The concentration of methylmercury compound when measured in some material entity. material entity methylmercury compound concentration concentration of methylmercury compound in material entity The concentration of thiamine hydrochloride when measured in some material entity. material entity thiamine hydrochloride concentration concentration of thiamine hydrochloride in material entity The concentration of vitamin B2 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B2 concentration concentration of vitamin B2 in material entity The concentration of vitamin B3 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B3 concentration concentration of vitamin B3 in material entity The concentration of vitamin B5 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B5 concentration concentration of vitamin B5 in material entity The concentration of vitamin B6 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B6 concentration concentration of vitamin B6 in material entity The concentration of vitamin B7 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B7 concentration concentration of vitamin B7 in material entity The concentration of vitamin B9 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B9 concentration concentration of vitamin B9 in material entity The concentration of tetrahydrofolate when measured in some material entity. material entity tetrahydrofolate concentration concentration of tetrahydrofolate in material entity The concentration of vitamin B12 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin B12 concentration concentration of vitamin B12 in material entity The concentration of all-trans-retinol when measured in some material entity. material entity all-trans-retinol concentration concentration of all-trans-retinol in material entity The concentration of D3 vitamins when measured in some material entity. material entity D3 vitamins concentration concentration of D3 vitamins in material entity The concentration of calciol when measured in some material entity. material entity calciol concentration concentration of calciol in material entity The concentration of vitamin D2 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin D2 concentration concentration of vitamin D2 in material entity The concentration of vitamin D4 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin D4 concentration concentration of vitamin D4 in material entity The concentration of vitamin D5 when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin D5 concentration concentration of vitamin D5 in material entity The concentration of menadione when measured in some material entity. material entity menadione concentration concentration of menadione in material entity The concentration of menaquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity menaquinone concentration concentration of menaquinone in material entity The concentration of phylloquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity phylloquinone concentration concentration of phylloquinone in material entity The concentration of dietary calcium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary calcium concentration concentration of dietary calcium in material entity The concentration of inorganic calcium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic calcium salt concentration concentration of inorganic calcium salt in material entity The concentration of calcium dichloride when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium dichloride concentration concentration of calcium dichloride in material entity The concentration of calcium carbonate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium carbonate concentration concentration of calcium carbonate in material entity The concentration of calcium difluoride when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium difluoride concentration concentration of calcium difluoride in material entity The concentration of calcium sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium sulfate concentration concentration of calcium sulfate in material entity The concentration of calcium phosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium phosphate concentration concentration of calcium phosphate in material entity The concentration of calcium hydroxide when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium hydroxide concentration concentration of calcium hydroxide in material entity The concentration of calcium hypochlorite when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium hypochlorite concentration concentration of calcium hypochlorite in material entity The concentration of calcium silicate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium silicate concentration concentration of calcium silicate in material entity The concentration of organic calcium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic calcium salt concentration concentration of organic calcium salt in material entity The concentration of calcium citrate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium citrate concentration concentration of calcium citrate in material entity The concentration of calcium glycerophosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium glycerophosphate concentration concentration of calcium glycerophosphate in material entity The concentration of calcium stearate when measured in some material entity. material entity calcium stearate concentration concentration of calcium stearate in material entity The concentration of organic calcium compound when measured in some material entity. material entity organic calcium compound concentration concentration of organic calcium compound in material entity The concentration of dietary chlorine when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary chlorine concentration concentration of dietary chlorine in material entity The concentration of inorganic chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic chloride concentration concentration of inorganic chloride in material entity The concentration of magnesium dichloride when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium dichloride concentration concentration of magnesium dichloride in material entity The concentration of potassium chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity potassium chloride concentration concentration of potassium chloride in material entity The concentration of lithium chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity lithium chloride concentration concentration of lithium chloride in material entity The concentration of organic chloride salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic chloride salt concentration concentration of organic chloride salt in material entity The concentration of organochlorine compound when measured in some material entity. material entity organochlorine compound concentration concentration of organochlorine compound in material entity The concentration of hydrogen chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity hydrogen chloride concentration concentration of hydrogen chloride in material entity The concentration of hypochlorite when measured in some material entity. material entity hypochlorite concentration concentration of hypochlorite in material entity The concentration of dietary magnesium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary magnesium concentration concentration of dietary magnesium in material entity The concentration of inorganic magnesium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic magnesium salt concentration concentration of inorganic magnesium salt in material entity The concentration of magnesium phosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium phosphate concentration concentration of magnesium phosphate in material entity The concentration of magnesium hydroxide when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium hydroxide concentration concentration of magnesium hydroxide in material entity The concentration of organic magnesium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic magnesium salt concentration concentration of organic magnesium salt in material entity The concentration of magnesium distearate when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium distearate concentration concentration of magnesium distearate in material entity The concentration of magnesium carbonate when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium carbonate concentration concentration of magnesium carbonate in material entity The concentration of dietary phosphorus when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary phosphorus concentration concentration of dietary phosphorus in material entity The concentration of phosphoric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phosphoric acid concentration concentration of phosphoric acid in material entity The concentration of inorganic phosphate salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic phosphate salt concentration concentration of inorganic phosphate salt in material entity The concentration of sodium phosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium phosphate concentration concentration of sodium phosphate in material entity The concentration of tripotassium phosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity tripotassium phosphate concentration concentration of tripotassium phosphate in material entity The concentration of iron(3+) phosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity iron(3+) phosphate concentration concentration of iron(3+) phosphate in material entity The concentration of organic phosphate salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic phosphate salt concentration concentration of organic phosphate salt in material entity The concentration of organic phosphate compound when measured in some material entity. material entity organic phosphate compound concentration concentration of organic phosphate compound in material entity The concentration of 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine concentration concentration of 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in material entity The concentration of dietary potassium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary potassium concentration concentration of dietary potassium in material entity The concentration of inorganic potassium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic potassium salt concentration concentration of inorganic potassium salt in material entity The concentration of potassium sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity potassium sulfate concentration concentration of potassium sulfate in material entity The concentration of organic potassium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic potassium salt concentration concentration of organic potassium salt in material entity The concentration of potassium formate when measured in some material entity. material entity potassium formate concentration concentration of potassium formate in material entity The concentration of potassium bitartrate when measured in some material entity. material entity potassium bitartrate concentration concentration of potassium bitartrate in material entity The concentration of dietary sodium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary sodium concentration concentration of dietary sodium in material entity The concentration of inorganic sodium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic sodium salt concentration concentration of inorganic sodium salt in material entity The concentration of sodium hydrogencarbonate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium hydrogencarbonate concentration concentration of sodium hydrogencarbonate in material entity The concentration of sodium sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium sulfate concentration concentration of sodium sulfate in material entity The concentration of sodium hydrogensulfite when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium hydrogensulfite concentration concentration of sodium hydrogensulfite in material entity The concentration of sodium borohydride when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium borohydride concentration concentration of sodium borohydride in material entity The concentration of sodium bromate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium bromate concentration concentration of sodium bromate in material entity The concentration of sodium chlorate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium chlorate concentration concentration of sodium chlorate in material entity The concentration of sodium cyanide when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium cyanide concentration concentration of sodium cyanide in material entity The concentration of sodium fluoride when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium fluoride concentration concentration of sodium fluoride in material entity The concentration of sodium hydroxide when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium hydroxide concentration concentration of sodium hydroxide in material entity The concentration of Sodium iodate when measured in some material entity. material entity Sodium iodate concentration concentration of Sodium iodate in material entity The concentration of sodium nitrate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium nitrate concentration concentration of sodium nitrate in material entity The concentration of organic sodium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic sodium salt concentration concentration of organic sodium salt in material entity The concentration of sodium oxalate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium oxalate concentration concentration of sodium oxalate in material entity The concentration of sodium L-tartrate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium L-tartrate concentration concentration of sodium L-tartrate in material entity The concentration of sodium formate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium formate concentration concentration of sodium formate in material entity The concentration of sodium phenolate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium phenolate concentration concentration of sodium phenolate in material entity The concentration of sodium citrate when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium citrate concentration concentration of sodium citrate in material entity The concentration of dietary sulfur when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary sulfur concentration concentration of dietary sulfur in material entity The concentration of sulfite when measured in some material entity. material entity sulfite concentration concentration of sulfite in material entity The concentration of inorganic sulfate salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic sulfate salt concentration concentration of inorganic sulfate salt in material entity The concentration of magnesium sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity magnesium sulfate concentration concentration of magnesium sulfate in material entity The concentration of iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) when measured in some material entity. material entity iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) concentration concentration of iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) in material entity The concentration of copper(II) sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity copper(II) sulfate concentration concentration of copper(II) sulfate in material entity The concentration of organic sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity organic sulfate concentration concentration of organic sulfate in material entity The concentration of organosulfur compound when measured in some material entity. material entity organosulfur compound concentration concentration of organosulfur compound in material entity The concentration of thiol when measured in some material entity. material entity thiol concentration concentration of thiol in material entity The concentration of glutathione when measured in some material entity. material entity glutathione concentration concentration of glutathione in material entity The concentration of sulfonyldimethane when measured in some material entity. material entity sulfonyldimethane concentration concentration of sulfonyldimethane in material entity The concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide when measured in some material entity. material entity dimethyl sulfoxide concentration concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide in material entity The concentration of glycosinolate when measured in some material entity. material entity glycosinolate concentration concentration of glycosinolate in material entity The concentration of sinigrin when measured in some material entity. material entity sinigrin concentration concentration of sinigrin in material entity The concentration of isothiocyanate when measured in some material entity. material entity isothiocyanate concentration concentration of isothiocyanate in material entity The concentration of allyl isothiocyanate when measured in some material entity. material entity allyl isothiocyanate concentration concentration of allyl isothiocyanate in material entity The concentration of sulfur dioxide when measured in some material entity. material entity sulfur dioxide concentration concentration of sulfur dioxide in material entity The concentration of dietary chromium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary chromium concentration concentration of dietary chromium in material entity The concentration of inorganic chromium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic chromium salt concentration concentration of inorganic chromium salt in material entity The concentration of organic chromium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic chromium salt concentration concentration of organic chromium salt in material entity The concentration of dietary copper when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary copper concentration concentration of dietary copper in material entity The concentration of inorganic copper salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic copper salt concentration concentration of inorganic copper salt in material entity The concentration of organic copper salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic copper salt concentration concentration of organic copper salt in material entity The concentration of dietary fluorine when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary fluorine concentration concentration of dietary fluorine in material entity The concentration of inorganic fluoride salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic fluoride salt concentration concentration of inorganic fluoride salt in material entity The concentration of organic fluoride salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic fluoride salt concentration concentration of organic fluoride salt in material entity The concentration of dietary iodine when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary iodine concentration concentration of dietary iodine in material entity The concentration of inorganic iodine salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic iodine salt concentration concentration of inorganic iodine salt in material entity The concentration of organic iodine salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic iodine salt concentration concentration of organic iodine salt in material entity The concentration of dietary iron when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary iron concentration concentration of dietary iron in material entity The concentration of inorganic iron salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic iron salt concentration concentration of inorganic iron salt in material entity The concentration of organic iron salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic iron salt concentration concentration of organic iron salt in material entity The concentration of organic iron compound when measured in some material entity. material entity organic iron compound concentration concentration of organic iron compound in material entity The concentration of ferric ammonium citrate when measured in some material entity. material entity ferric ammonium citrate concentration concentration of ferric ammonium citrate in material entity The concentration of dietary manganese when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary manganese concentration concentration of dietary manganese in material entity The concentration of manganese(3+) when measured in some material entity. material entity manganese(3+) concentration concentration of manganese(3+) in material entity The concentration of inorganic manganese salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic manganese salt concentration concentration of inorganic manganese salt in material entity The concentration of organic manganese salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic manganese salt concentration concentration of organic manganese salt in material entity The concentration of dietary molybdenum when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary molybdenum concentration concentration of dietary molybdenum in material entity The concentration of molybdenum(6+) when measured in some material entity. material entity molybdenum(6+) concentration concentration of molybdenum(6+) in material entity The concentration of inorganic molybdenum salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic molybdenum salt concentration concentration of inorganic molybdenum salt in material entity The concentration of organic molybdenum salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic molybdenum salt concentration concentration of organic molybdenum salt in material entity The concentration of dietary selenium when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary selenium concentration concentration of dietary selenium in material entity The concentration of selenium(4+) when measured in some material entity. material entity selenium(4+) concentration concentration of selenium(4+) in material entity The concentration of selenium(6+) when measured in some material entity. material entity selenium(6+) concentration concentration of selenium(6+) in material entity The concentration of inorganic selenium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic selenium salt concentration concentration of inorganic selenium salt in material entity The concentration of organic selenium salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic selenium salt concentration concentration of organic selenium salt in material entity The concentration of dietary zinc when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary zinc concentration concentration of dietary zinc in material entity The concentration of inorganic zinc salt when measured in some material entity. material entity inorganic zinc salt concentration concentration of inorganic zinc salt in material entity The concentration of organic zinc salt when measured in some material entity. material entity organic zinc salt concentration concentration of organic zinc salt in material entity The concentration of collagen when measured in some material entity. material entity collagen concentration concentration of collagen in material entity The concentration of elastin when measured in some material entity. material entity elastin concentration concentration of elastin in material entity The concentration of fibrin when measured in some material entity. material entity fibrin concentration concentration of fibrin in material entity The concentration of hemoglobin when measured in some material entity. material entity hemoglobin concentration concentration of hemoglobin in material entity The concentration of myoglobin when measured in some material entity. material entity myoglobin concentration concentration of myoglobin in material entity The concentration of beta-lactoglobulin when measured in some material entity. material entity beta-lactoglobulin concentration concentration of beta-lactoglobulin in material entity The concentration of napin when measured in some material entity. material entity napin concentration concentration of napin in material entity The concentration of gliadin when measured in some material entity. material entity gliadin concentration concentration of gliadin in material entity The concentration of L-fucose when measured in some material entity. material entity L-fucose concentration concentration of L-fucose in material entity The concentration of D-xylose when measured in some material entity. material entity D-xylose concentration concentration of D-xylose in material entity The concentration of L-arabinofuranose when measured in some material entity. material entity L-arabinofuranose concentration concentration of L-arabinofuranose in material entity The concentration of L-arabinopyranose when measured in some material entity. material entity L-arabinopyranose concentration concentration of L-arabinopyranose in material entity The concentration of lactose when measured in some material entity. material entity lactose concentration concentration of lactose in material entity The concentration of lactulose when measured in some material entity. material entity lactulose concentration concentration of lactulose in material entity The concentration of D-mannose when measured in some material entity. material entity D-mannose concentration concentration of D-mannose in material entity The concentration of β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc when measured in some material entity. material entity β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc concentration concentration of β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc in material entity The concentration of dextrins when measured in some material entity. material entity dextrins concentration concentration of dextrins in material entity The concentration of maltodextrin when measured in some material entity. material entity maltodextrin concentration concentration of maltodextrin in material entity The concentration of cyclodextrin when measured in some material entity. material entity cyclodextrin concentration concentration of cyclodextrin in material entity The concentration of amylodextrin when measured in some material entity. material entity amylodextrin concentration concentration of amylodextrin in material entity The concentration of cellodextrin when measured in some material entity. material entity cellodextrin concentration concentration of cellodextrin in material entity The concentration of gum when measured in some material entity. material entity gum concentration concentration of gum in material entity The concentration of heteroglycan when measured in some material entity. material entity heteroglycan concentration concentration of heteroglycan in material entity The concentration of alginic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity alginic acid concentration concentration of alginic acid in material entity The concentration of carrageenan when measured in some material entity. material entity carrageenan concentration concentration of carrageenan in material entity The concentration of ι-carrageenan when measured in some material entity. material entity ι-carrageenan concentration concentration of ι-carrageenan in material entity The concentration of κ-carrageenan when measured in some material entity. material entity κ-carrageenan concentration concentration of κ-carrageenan in material entity The concentration of λ-carrageenan when measured in some material entity. material entity λ-carrageenan concentration concentration of λ-carrageenan in material entity The concentration of xanthan when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthan concentration concentration of xanthan in material entity The concentration of ketose when measured in some material entity. material entity ketose concentration concentration of ketose in material entity The concentration of ketohexose when measured in some material entity. material entity ketohexose concentration concentration of ketohexose in material entity The concentration of psicose when measured in some material entity. material entity psicose concentration concentration of psicose in material entity The concentration of maltitol when measured in some material entity. material entity maltitol concentration concentration of maltitol in material entity The concentration of lactitol when measured in some material entity. material entity lactitol concentration concentration of lactitol in material entity The concentration of isomalt when measured in some material entity. material entity isomalt concentration concentration of isomalt in material entity The concentration of erythritol when measured in some material entity. material entity erythritol concentration concentration of erythritol in material entity The concentration of alditol when measured in some material entity. material entity alditol concentration concentration of alditol in material entity The concentration of D-galacturonic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity D-galacturonic acid concentration concentration of D-galacturonic acid in material entity The concentration of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose concentration concentration of 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose in material entity The concentration of sialic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity sialic acid concentration concentration of sialic acid in material entity The concentration of Polydextrose when measured in some material entity. material entity Polydextrose concentration concentration of Polydextrose in material entity The concentration of chitosan when measured in some material entity. material entity chitosan concentration concentration of chitosan in material entity The concentration of 8,5'-diferulic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 8,5'-diferulic acid concentration concentration of 8,5'-diferulic acid in material entity The concentration of piceatannol when measured in some material entity. material entity piceatannol concentration concentration of piceatannol in material entity The concentration of acteoside when measured in some material entity. material entity acteoside concentration concentration of acteoside in material entity The concentration of pelargonin when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonin concentration concentration of pelargonin in material entity The concentration of (+)-pinoresinol when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-pinoresinol concentration concentration of (+)-pinoresinol in material entity The concentration of (-)-secoisolariciresinol when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-secoisolariciresinol concentration concentration of (-)-secoisolariciresinol in material entity The concentration of demethoxycurcumin when measured in some material entity. material entity demethoxycurcumin concentration concentration of demethoxycurcumin in material entity The concentration of (-)-matairesinol when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-matairesinol concentration concentration of (-)-matairesinol in material entity The concentration of bisdemethoxycurcumin when measured in some material entity. material entity bisdemethoxycurcumin concentration concentration of bisdemethoxycurcumin in material entity The concentration of (+)-catechin-3'-methyl ether when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-catechin-3'-methyl ether concentration concentration of (+)-catechin-3'-methyl ether in material entity The concentration of 4'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin when measured in some material entity. material entity 4'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin concentration concentration of 4'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin in material entity The concentration of curcumin when measured in some material entity. material entity curcumin concentration concentration of curcumin in material entity The concentration of (2-cis,6-cis)-farnesol when measured in some material entity. material entity (2-cis,6-cis)-farnesol concentration concentration of (2-cis,6-cis)-farnesol in material entity The concentration of (E)-trans-miyabenol C when measured in some material entity. material entity (E)-trans-miyabenol C concentration concentration of (E)-trans-miyabenol C in material entity The concentration of trans-rhaponticin when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-rhaponticin concentration concentration of trans-rhaponticin in material entity The concentration of stilbenol when measured in some material entity. material entity stilbenol concentration concentration of stilbenol in material entity The concentration of pinosylvin when measured in some material entity. material entity pinosylvin concentration concentration of pinosylvin in material entity The concentration of resveratrol sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity resveratrol sulfate concentration concentration of resveratrol sulfate in material entity The concentration of guaiacol when measured in some material entity. material entity guaiacol concentration concentration of guaiacol in material entity The concentration of (E)-sinapaldehyde when measured in some material entity. material entity (E)-sinapaldehyde concentration concentration of (E)-sinapaldehyde in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroxybenzaldehyde when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxybenzaldehyde concentration concentration of hydroxybenzaldehyde in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde concentration concentration of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in material entity The concentration of benzenetriol when measured in some material entity. material entity benzenetriol concentration concentration of benzenetriol in material entity The concentration of digallic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity digallic acid concentration concentration of digallic acid in material entity The concentration of pyrogallol when measured in some material entity. material entity pyrogallol concentration concentration of pyrogallol in material entity The concentration of Dodecyl gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity Dodecyl gallate concentration concentration of Dodecyl gallate in material entity The concentration of trans-2-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-2-coumaric acid concentration concentration of trans-2-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of vanillin when measured in some material entity. material entity vanillin concentration concentration of vanillin in material entity The concentration of eugenol when measured in some material entity. material entity eugenol concentration concentration of eugenol in material entity The concentration of benzenediols when measured in some material entity. material entity benzenediols concentration concentration of benzenediols in material entity The concentration of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde concentration concentration of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde in material entity The concentration of 5-heptadecylresorcinol when measured in some material entity. material entity 5-heptadecylresorcinol concentration concentration of 5-heptadecylresorcinol in material entity The concentration of 5-tricosylresorcinol when measured in some material entity. material entity 5-tricosylresorcinol concentration concentration of 5-tricosylresorcinol in material entity The concentration of cardol when measured in some material entity. material entity cardol concentration concentration of cardol in material entity The concentration of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone when measured in some material entity. material entity 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone concentration concentration of 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone in material entity The concentration of hydroquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroquinone concentration concentration of hydroquinone in material entity The concentration of dopamine when measured in some material entity. material entity dopamine concentration concentration of dopamine in material entity The concentration of resorcinol when measured in some material entity. material entity resorcinol concentration concentration of resorcinol in material entity The concentration of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol concentration concentration of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxystyrene when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxystyrene concentration concentration of 4-hydroxystyrene in material entity The concentration of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol concentration concentration of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol in material entity The concentration of (−)-lariciresinol when measured in some material entity. material entity (−)-lariciresinol concentration concentration of (−)-lariciresinol in material entity The concentration of (+)-lariciresinol when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-lariciresinol concentration concentration of (+)-lariciresinol in material entity The concentration of Sesamolinol when measured in some material entity. material entity Sesamolinol concentration concentration of Sesamolinol in material entity The concentration of 2-O-sulfate-4-hydroxyacetophenone when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-O-sulfate-4-hydroxyacetophenone concentration concentration of 2-O-sulfate-4-hydroxyacetophenone in material entity The concentration of 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A when measured in some material entity. material entity 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A concentration concentration of 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxymandelic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxymandelic acid concentration concentration of 4-hydroxymandelic acid in material entity The concentration of vestitone when measured in some material entity. material entity vestitone concentration concentration of vestitone in material entity The concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration concentration of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in material entity The concentration of (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid concentration concentration of (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid in material entity The concentration of Paeonol when measured in some material entity. material entity Paeonol concentration concentration of Paeonol in material entity The concentration of m-hydroxyhippuric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity m-hydroxyhippuric acid concentration concentration of m-hydroxyhippuric acid in material entity The concentration of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid concentration concentration of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid in material entity The concentration of deoxyhumulone when measured in some material entity. material entity deoxyhumulone concentration concentration of deoxyhumulone in material entity The concentration of tyramine when measured in some material entity. material entity tyramine concentration concentration of tyramine in material entity The concentration of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid concentration concentration of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in material entity The concentration of kievitone when measured in some material entity. material entity kievitone concentration concentration of kievitone in material entity The concentration of vanillyl alcohol when measured in some material entity. material entity vanillyl alcohol concentration concentration of vanillyl alcohol in material entity The concentration of vanillylmandelic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity vanillylmandelic acid concentration concentration of vanillylmandelic acid in material entity The concentration of serotonin when measured in some material entity. material entity serotonin concentration concentration of serotonin in material entity The concentration of dopamine 3-O-sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity dopamine 3-O-sulfate concentration concentration of dopamine 3-O-sulfate in material entity The concentration of gentisyl alcohol when measured in some material entity. material entity gentisyl alcohol concentration concentration of gentisyl alcohol in material entity The concentration of quinol sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity quinol sulfate concentration concentration of quinol sulfate in material entity The concentration of biphenyl-2-ol when measured in some material entity. material entity biphenyl-2-ol concentration concentration of biphenyl-2-ol in material entity The concentration of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid concentration concentration of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid in material entity The concentration of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 4-methylcatechol when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-methylcatechol concentration concentration of 4-methylcatechol in material entity The concentration of 3-methylcatechol when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-methylcatechol concentration concentration of 3-methylcatechol in material entity The concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol concentration concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in material entity The concentration of 3-phenylpropionic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-phenylpropionic acid concentration concentration of 3-phenylpropionic acid in material entity The concentration of 3-O-methylgallic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-O-methylgallic acid concentration concentration of 3-O-methylgallic acid in material entity The concentration of anthoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity anthoxanthin concentration concentration of anthoxanthin in material entity The concentration of flavones when measured in some material entity. material entity flavones concentration concentration of flavones in material entity The concentration of diosmetin when measured in some material entity. material entity diosmetin concentration concentration of diosmetin in material entity The concentration of myricetin when measured in some material entity. material entity myricetin concentration concentration of myricetin in material entity The concentration of hydroxyflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxyflavone concentration concentration of hydroxyflavone in material entity The concentration of luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside concentration concentration of luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside in material entity The concentration of isopimpinellin when measured in some material entity. material entity isopimpinellin concentration concentration of isopimpinellin in material entity The concentration of kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside concentration concentration of kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of rutin when measured in some material entity. material entity rutin concentration concentration of rutin in material entity The concentration of naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside concentration concentration of luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside concentration concentration of quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside in material entity The concentration of luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid concentration concentration of luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid in material entity The concentration of apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside concentration concentration of apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of quercitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity quercitrin concentration concentration of quercitrin in material entity The concentration of (S)-naringenin when measured in some material entity. material entity (S)-naringenin concentration concentration of (S)-naringenin in material entity The concentration of galangin when measured in some material entity. material entity galangin concentration concentration of galangin in material entity The concentration of kaempferide when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferide concentration concentration of kaempferide in material entity The concentration of luteolin 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) when measured in some material entity. material entity luteolin 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) concentration concentration of luteolin 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) in material entity The concentration of quercetin 3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of quercetin 3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of quercetin 7,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 7,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of quercetin 7,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of isorhamnetin when measured in some material entity. material entity isorhamnetin concentration concentration of isorhamnetin in material entity The concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside concentration concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside in material entity The concentration of 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone concentration concentration of 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone in material entity The concentration of kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside concentration concentration of kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside in material entity The concentration of fisetin when measured in some material entity. material entity fisetin concentration concentration of fisetin in material entity The concentration of 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin when measured in some material entity. material entity 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin concentration concentration of 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin in material entity The concentration of lucenin-2 when measured in some material entity. material entity lucenin-2 concentration concentration of lucenin-2 in material entity The concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside concentration concentration of quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in material entity The concentration of kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide when measured in some material entity. material entity kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide concentration concentration of kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide in material entity The concentration of quercetin 4ʼ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity quercetin 4ʼ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside concentration concentration of quercetin 4ʼ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside in material entity The concentration of flavonols when measured in some material entity. material entity flavonols concentration concentration of flavonols in material entity The concentration of isoorientin when measured in some material entity. material entity isoorientin concentration concentration of isoorientin in material entity The concentration of miquelianin when measured in some material entity. material entity miquelianin concentration concentration of miquelianin in material entity The concentration of eupatilin when measured in some material entity. material entity eupatilin concentration concentration of eupatilin in material entity The concentration of cyanin when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanin concentration concentration of cyanin in material entity The concentration of galangin 3,5,7-trimethyl ether when measured in some material entity. material entity galangin 3,5,7-trimethyl ether concentration concentration of galangin 3,5,7-trimethyl ether in material entity The concentration of anthocyanin cation when measured in some material entity. material entity anthocyanin cation concentration concentration of anthocyanin cation in material entity The concentration of Tulipanin when measured in some material entity. material entity Tulipanin concentration concentration of Tulipanin in material entity The concentration of petunidin when measured in some material entity. material entity petunidin concentration concentration of petunidin in material entity The concentration of Dalbergin when measured in some material entity. material entity Dalbergin concentration concentration of Dalbergin in material entity The concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside concentration concentration of pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside when measured in some material entity. material entity peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside concentration concentration of peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside in material entity The concentration of isoliquiritigenin when measured in some material entity. material entity isoliquiritigenin concentration concentration of isoliquiritigenin in material entity The concentration of trilobatin when measured in some material entity. material entity trilobatin concentration concentration of trilobatin in material entity The concentration of 3,6,9-trihydroxypterocarpan when measured in some material entity. material entity 3,6,9-trihydroxypterocarpan concentration concentration of 3,6,9-trihydroxypterocarpan in material entity The concentration of phaseollidin when measured in some material entity. material entity phaseollidin concentration concentration of phaseollidin in material entity The concentration of delphinidin chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity delphinidin chloride concentration concentration of delphinidin chloride in material entity The concentration of pelargonidin chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity pelargonidin chloride concentration concentration of pelargonidin chloride in material entity The concentration of peonidin chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity peonidin chloride concentration concentration of peonidin chloride in material entity The concentration of delphinidin when measured in some material entity. material entity delphinidin concentration concentration of delphinidin in material entity The concentration of peonidin when measured in some material entity. material entity peonidin concentration concentration of peonidin in material entity The concentration of hydroxyflavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxyflavanone concentration concentration of hydroxyflavanone in material entity The concentration of astilbin when measured in some material entity. material entity astilbin concentration concentration of astilbin in material entity The concentration of flavanonol when measured in some material entity. material entity flavanonol concentration concentration of flavanonol in material entity The concentration of (+)-taxifolin when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-taxifolin concentration concentration of (+)-taxifolin in material entity The concentration of garbanzol when measured in some material entity. material entity garbanzol concentration concentration of garbanzol in material entity The concentration of liquiritigenin when measured in some material entity. material entity liquiritigenin concentration concentration of liquiritigenin in material entity The concentration of betagarin when measured in some material entity. material entity betagarin concentration concentration of betagarin in material entity The concentration of (+)-catechin when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-catechin concentration concentration of (+)-catechin in material entity The concentration of Cyclokievitone when measured in some material entity. material entity Cyclokievitone concentration concentration of Cyclokievitone in material entity The concentration of equol when measured in some material entity. material entity equol concentration concentration of equol in material entity The concentration of Sayanedine when measured in some material entity. material entity Sayanedine concentration concentration of Sayanedine in material entity The concentration of formononetin when measured in some material entity. material entity formononetin concentration concentration of formononetin in material entity The concentration of methoxyisoflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity methoxyisoflavone concentration concentration of methoxyisoflavone in material entity The concentration of Irisolidone when measured in some material entity. material entity Irisolidone concentration concentration of Irisolidone in material entity The concentration of biochanin A when measured in some material entity. material entity biochanin A concentration concentration of biochanin A in material entity The concentration of 2'-hydroxyformononetin when measured in some material entity. material entity 2'-hydroxyformononetin concentration concentration of 2'-hydroxyformononetin in material entity The concentration of calycosin when measured in some material entity. material entity calycosin concentration concentration of calycosin in material entity The concentration of 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone concentration concentration of 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone in material entity The concentration of orobol when measured in some material entity. material entity orobol concentration concentration of orobol in material entity The concentration of irilone when measured in some material entity. material entity irilone concentration concentration of irilone in material entity The concentration of 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone concentration concentration of 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone in material entity The concentration of prunetin when measured in some material entity. material entity prunetin concentration concentration of prunetin in material entity The concentration of 2'-hydroxydaidzein when measured in some material entity. material entity 2'-hydroxydaidzein concentration concentration of 2'-hydroxydaidzein in material entity The concentration of licoisoflavone A when measured in some material entity. material entity licoisoflavone A concentration concentration of licoisoflavone A in material entity The concentration of genistein(1−) when measured in some material entity. material entity genistein(1−) concentration concentration of genistein(1−) in material entity The concentration of sanguiin H6 when measured in some material entity. material entity sanguiin H6 concentration concentration of sanguiin H6 in material entity The concentration of lambertianin C when measured in some material entity. material entity lambertianin C concentration concentration of lambertianin C in material entity The concentration of punicalagin when measured in some material entity. material entity punicalagin concentration concentration of punicalagin in material entity The concentration of Punicalin when measured in some material entity. material entity Punicalin concentration concentration of Punicalin in material entity The concentration of agrimoniin when measured in some material entity. material entity agrimoniin concentration concentration of agrimoniin in material entity The concentration of theogallin when measured in some material entity. material entity theogallin concentration concentration of theogallin in material entity The concentration of cinnamtannin B-1 when measured in some material entity. material entity cinnamtannin B-1 concentration concentration of cinnamtannin B-1 in material entity The concentration of theasinensin A when measured in some material entity. material entity theasinensin A concentration concentration of theasinensin A in material entity The concentration of arecatannin a2 when measured in some material entity. material entity arecatannin a2 concentration concentration of arecatannin a2 in material entity The concentration of Schisantherin A when measured in some material entity. material entity Schisantherin A concentration concentration of Schisantherin A in material entity The concentration of Terminalin when measured in some material entity. material entity Terminalin concentration concentration of Terminalin in material entity The concentration of (-)-Variabilin when measured in some material entity. material entity (-)-Variabilin concentration concentration of (-)-Variabilin in material entity The concentration of Casuarictin when measured in some material entity. material entity Casuarictin concentration concentration of Casuarictin in material entity The concentration of Casuarinin when measured in some material entity. material entity Casuarinin concentration concentration of Casuarinin in material entity The concentration of Chebulinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity Chebulinic acid concentration concentration of Chebulinic acid in material entity The concentration of Fucofuroeckol B when measured in some material entity. material entity Fucofuroeckol B concentration concentration of Fucofuroeckol B in material entity The concentration of Geraniin when measured in some material entity. material entity Geraniin concentration concentration of Geraniin in material entity The concentration of Pedunculagin when measured in some material entity. material entity Pedunculagin concentration concentration of Pedunculagin in material entity The concentration of Tellimagrandin I when measured in some material entity. material entity Tellimagrandin I concentration concentration of Tellimagrandin I in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-hydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-hydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of n-propyl gallate when measured in some material entity. material entity n-propyl gallate concentration concentration of n-propyl gallate in material entity The concentration of resveratrol when measured in some material entity. material entity resveratrol concentration concentration of resveratrol in material entity The concentration of pterostilbene when measured in some material entity. material entity pterostilbene concentration concentration of pterostilbene in material entity The concentration of coumarin when measured in some material entity. material entity coumarin concentration concentration of coumarin in material entity The concentration of umbelliferone when measured in some material entity. material entity umbelliferone concentration concentration of umbelliferone in material entity The concentration of trans-4-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-4-coumaric acid concentration concentration of trans-4-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of trans-3-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-3-coumaric acid concentration concentration of trans-3-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of trans-caffeic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-caffeic acid concentration concentration of trans-caffeic acid in material entity The concentration of rosmarinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity rosmarinic acid concentration concentration of rosmarinic acid in material entity The concentration of (R)-rosmarinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (R)-rosmarinic acid concentration concentration of (R)-rosmarinic acid in material entity The concentration of cis-caffeic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity cis-caffeic acid concentration concentration of cis-caffeic acid in material entity The concentration of Trachelogenin when measured in some material entity. material entity Trachelogenin concentration concentration of Trachelogenin in material entity The concentration of isoeugenol when measured in some material entity. material entity isoeugenol concentration concentration of isoeugenol in material entity The concentration of 4-methylumbelliferone β-D-glucuronide when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-methylumbelliferone β-D-glucuronide concentration concentration of 4-methylumbelliferone β-D-glucuronide in material entity The concentration of 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate when measured in some material entity. material entity 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate concentration concentration of 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate in material entity The concentration of 7-ethoxycoumarin when measured in some material entity. material entity 7-ethoxycoumarin concentration concentration of 7-ethoxycoumarin in material entity The concentration of esculin when measured in some material entity. material entity esculin concentration concentration of esculin in material entity The concentration of scoparone when measured in some material entity. material entity scoparone concentration concentration of scoparone in material entity The concentration of coniferyl aldehyde when measured in some material entity. material entity coniferyl aldehyde concentration concentration of coniferyl aldehyde in material entity The concentration of cinnamaldehydes when measured in some material entity. material entity cinnamaldehydes concentration concentration of cinnamaldehydes in material entity The concentration of theophylline when measured in some material entity. material entity theophylline concentration concentration of theophylline in material entity The concentration of solanine when measured in some material entity. material entity solanine concentration concentration of solanine in material entity The concentration of tomatine when measured in some material entity. material entity tomatine concentration concentration of tomatine in material entity The concentration of piperine when measured in some material entity. material entity piperine concentration concentration of piperine in material entity The concentration of gingerol when measured in some material entity. material entity gingerol concentration concentration of gingerol in material entity The concentration of harman when measured in some material entity. material entity harman concentration concentration of harman in material entity The concentration of hordenine when measured in some material entity. material entity hordenine concentration concentration of hordenine in material entity The concentration of Isobetanin when measured in some material entity. material entity Isobetanin concentration concentration of Isobetanin in material entity The concentration of Physoperuvine when measured in some material entity. material entity Physoperuvine concentration concentration of Physoperuvine in material entity The concentration of Prebetanin when measured in some material entity. material entity Prebetanin concentration concentration of Prebetanin in material entity The concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline betaine when measured in some material entity. material entity trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline betaine concentration concentration of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline betaine in material entity The concentration of humulone when measured in some material entity. material entity humulone concentration concentration of humulone in material entity The concentration of Rishitin when measured in some material entity. material entity Rishitin concentration concentration of Rishitin in material entity The concentration of propane-1,2-diol when measured in some material entity. material entity propane-1,2-diol concentration concentration of propane-1,2-diol in material entity The concentration of myo-inositol when measured in some material entity. material entity myo-inositol concentration concentration of myo-inositol in material entity The concentration of farnesol when measured in some material entity. material entity farnesol concentration concentration of farnesol in material entity The concentration of capsidiol when measured in some material entity. material entity capsidiol concentration concentration of capsidiol in material entity The concentration of Cynaropicrin when measured in some material entity. material entity Cynaropicrin concentration concentration of Cynaropicrin in material entity The concentration of Isocaryophyllene when measured in some material entity. material entity Isocaryophyllene concentration concentration of Isocaryophyllene in material entity The concentration of (+)-valencene when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-valencene concentration concentration of (+)-valencene in material entity The concentration of Lactupicrin when measured in some material entity. material entity Lactupicrin concentration concentration of Lactupicrin in material entity The concentration of Matricin when measured in some material entity. material entity Matricin concentration concentration of Matricin in material entity The concentration of Nobilin when measured in some material entity. material entity Nobilin concentration concentration of Nobilin in material entity The concentration of (+)-nootkatone when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-nootkatone concentration concentration of (+)-nootkatone in material entity The concentration of lactucopicrin when measured in some material entity. material entity lactucopicrin concentration concentration of lactucopicrin in material entity The concentration of Tricyclodehydroisohumulone when measured in some material entity. material entity Tricyclodehydroisohumulone concentration concentration of Tricyclodehydroisohumulone in material entity The concentration of crocetin when measured in some material entity. material entity crocetin concentration concentration of crocetin in material entity The concentration of Ineketone when measured in some material entity. material entity Ineketone concentration concentration of Ineketone in material entity The concentration of Norbixin when measured in some material entity. material entity Norbixin concentration concentration of Norbixin in material entity The concentration of Phaseoloside D when measured in some material entity. material entity Phaseoloside D concentration concentration of Phaseoloside D in material entity The concentration of stevioside when measured in some material entity. material entity stevioside concentration concentration of stevioside in material entity The concentration of steviol glycoside when measured in some material entity. material entity steviol glycoside concentration concentration of steviol glycoside in material entity The concentration of Carnosol when measured in some material entity. material entity Carnosol concentration concentration of Carnosol in material entity The concentration of carnosic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity carnosic acid concentration concentration of carnosic acid in material entity The concentration of sesterterpenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity sesterterpenoid concentration concentration of sesterterpenoid in material entity The concentration of Avenacin B-2 when measured in some material entity. material entity Avenacin B-2 concentration concentration of Avenacin B-2 in material entity The concentration of glycyrrhetinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity glycyrrhetinic acid concentration concentration of glycyrrhetinic acid in material entity The concentration of betulinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity betulinic acid concentration concentration of betulinic acid in material entity The concentration of Cucurbitacin C when measured in some material entity. material entity Cucurbitacin C concentration concentration of Cucurbitacin C in material entity The concentration of diosgenin when measured in some material entity. material entity diosgenin concentration concentration of diosgenin in material entity The concentration of erythrodiol when measured in some material entity. material entity erythrodiol concentration concentration of erythrodiol in material entity The concentration of (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 when measured in some material entity. material entity (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 concentration concentration of (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in material entity The concentration of nomilin when measured in some material entity. material entity nomilin concentration concentration of nomilin in material entity The concentration of Obacunone when measured in some material entity. material entity Obacunone concentration concentration of Obacunone in material entity The concentration of ginsenoside Rg2 when measured in some material entity. material entity ginsenoside Rg2 concentration concentration of ginsenoside Rg2 in material entity The concentration of ginsenoside Rb2 when measured in some material entity. material entity ginsenoside Rb2 concentration concentration of ginsenoside Rb2 in material entity The concentration of ginsenoside Rc when measured in some material entity. material entity ginsenoside Rc concentration concentration of ginsenoside Rc in material entity The concentration of soyasapogenol B when measured in some material entity. material entity soyasapogenol B concentration concentration of soyasapogenol B in material entity The concentration of Soyasaponin A1 when measured in some material entity. material entity Soyasaponin A1 concentration concentration of Soyasaponin A1 in material entity The concentration of ursolic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ursolic acid concentration concentration of ursolic acid in material entity The concentration of all-trans-phytoene when measured in some material entity. material entity all-trans-phytoene concentration concentration of all-trans-phytoene in material entity The concentration of lutein 5,6-epoxide when measured in some material entity. material entity lutein 5,6-epoxide concentration concentration of lutein 5,6-epoxide in material entity The concentration of antheraxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity antheraxanthin concentration concentration of antheraxanthin in material entity The concentration of all-trans-neoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity all-trans-neoxanthin concentration concentration of all-trans-neoxanthin in material entity The concentration of canthaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity canthaxanthin concentration concentration of canthaxanthin in material entity The concentration of capsanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity capsanthin concentration concentration of capsanthin in material entity The concentration of capsorubin when measured in some material entity. material entity capsorubin concentration concentration of capsorubin in material entity The concentration of all-trans-violaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity all-trans-violaxanthin concentration concentration of all-trans-violaxanthin in material entity The concentration of astaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity astaxanthin concentration concentration of astaxanthin in material entity The concentration of echinenone when measured in some material entity. material entity echinenone concentration concentration of echinenone in material entity The concentration of Flavoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity Flavoxanthin concentration concentration of Flavoxanthin in material entity The concentration of fucoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity fucoxanthin concentration concentration of fucoxanthin in material entity The concentration of lactucaxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity lactucaxanthin concentration concentration of lactucaxanthin in material entity The concentration of zeinoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity zeinoxanthin concentration concentration of zeinoxanthin in material entity The concentration of lycoxanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity lycoxanthin concentration concentration of lycoxanthin in material entity The concentration of Mutatochrome when measured in some material entity. material entity Mutatochrome concentration concentration of Mutatochrome in material entity The concentration of Physalien when measured in some material entity. material entity Physalien concentration concentration of Physalien in material entity The concentration of rubixanthin when measured in some material entity. material entity rubixanthin concentration concentration of rubixanthin in material entity The concentration of paeoniflorin when measured in some material entity. material entity paeoniflorin concentration concentration of paeoniflorin in material entity The concentration of Yamogenin when measured in some material entity. material entity Yamogenin concentration concentration of Yamogenin in material entity The concentration of rebaudioside A when measured in some material entity. material entity rebaudioside A concentration concentration of rebaudioside A in material entity The concentration of rebaudioside B(1−) when measured in some material entity. material entity rebaudioside B(1−) concentration concentration of rebaudioside B(1−) in material entity The concentration of rebaudioside E when measured in some material entity. material entity rebaudioside E concentration concentration of rebaudioside E in material entity The concentration of rebaudioside D when measured in some material entity. material entity rebaudioside D concentration concentration of rebaudioside D in material entity The concentration of retinal when measured in some material entity. material entity retinal concentration concentration of retinal in material entity The concentration of 13-cis-retinal when measured in some material entity. material entity 13-cis-retinal concentration concentration of 13-cis-retinal in material entity The concentration of (R)-camphor when measured in some material entity. material entity (R)-camphor concentration concentration of (R)-camphor in material entity The concentration of (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor concentration concentration of (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor in material entity The concentration of (+)-carvone when measured in some material entity. material entity (+)-carvone concentration concentration of (+)-carvone in material entity The concentration of perillyl alcohol when measured in some material entity. material entity perillyl alcohol concentration concentration of perillyl alcohol in material entity The concentration of (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol when measured in some material entity. material entity (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol concentration concentration of (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol in material entity The concentration of glycyrrhizinic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity glycyrrhizinic acid concentration concentration of glycyrrhizinic acid in material entity The concentration of limonin when measured in some material entity. material entity limonin concentration concentration of limonin in material entity The concentration of (1S,4R)-fenchone when measured in some material entity. material entity (1S,4R)-fenchone concentration concentration of (1S,4R)-fenchone in material entity The concentration of limonene-1,2-diol when measured in some material entity. material entity limonene-1,2-diol concentration concentration of limonene-1,2-diol in material entity The concentration of phytol when measured in some material entity. material entity phytol concentration concentration of phytol in material entity The concentration of 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate concentration concentration of 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate in material entity The concentration of geraniol when measured in some material entity. material entity geraniol concentration concentration of geraniol in material entity The concentration of all-trans-retinal when measured in some material entity. material entity all-trans-retinal concentration concentration of all-trans-retinal in material entity The concentration of absinthin when measured in some material entity. material entity absinthin concentration concentration of absinthin in material entity The concentration of myrtenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity myrtenic acid concentration concentration of myrtenic acid in material entity The concentration of avenacin A-1 when measured in some material entity. material entity avenacin A-1 concentration concentration of avenacin A-1 in material entity The concentration of lubimin when measured in some material entity. material entity lubimin concentration concentration of lubimin in material entity The concentration of 1,8-cineole when measured in some material entity. material entity 1,8-cineole concentration concentration of 1,8-cineole in material entity The concentration of borneol when measured in some material entity. material entity borneol concentration concentration of borneol in material entity The concentration of Azukisaponin III when measured in some material entity. material entity Azukisaponin III concentration concentration of Azukisaponin III in material entity The concentration of (2E,6E)-farnesyl monophosphate when measured in some material entity. material entity (2E,6E)-farnesyl monophosphate concentration concentration of (2E,6E)-farnesyl monophosphate in material entity The concentration of soyasaponin I when measured in some material entity. material entity soyasaponin I concentration concentration of soyasaponin I in material entity The concentration of Spinasaponin A when measured in some material entity. material entity Spinasaponin A concentration concentration of Spinasaponin A in material entity The concentration of Theasaponin when measured in some material entity. material entity Theasaponin concentration concentration of Theasaponin in material entity The concentration of (−)-α-thujone when measured in some material entity. material entity (−)-α-thujone concentration concentration of (−)-α-thujone in material entity The concentration of phloretic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phloretic acid concentration concentration of phloretic acid in material entity The concentration of amino acid derived from non-proteinacious when measured in some material entity. material entity amino acid derived from non-proteinacious concentration concentration of amino acid derived from non-proteinacious in material entity The concentration of citrulline when measured in some material entity. material entity citrulline concentration concentration of citrulline in material entity The concentration of ornithine when measured in some material entity. material entity ornithine concentration concentration of ornithine in material entity The concentration of glucosinolate when measured in some material entity. material entity glucosinolate concentration concentration of glucosinolate in material entity The concentration of glucoberteroin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoberteroin(1-) concentration concentration of glucoberteroin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucocapparin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucocapparin(1-) concentration concentration of glucocapparin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucocochlearin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucocochlearin(1-) concentration concentration of glucocochlearin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucoerucin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoerucin(1-) concentration concentration of glucoerucin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucoiberverin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoiberverin(1-) concentration concentration of glucoiberverin(1-) in material entity The concentration of gluconapin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity gluconapin(1-) concentration concentration of gluconapin(1-) in material entity The concentration of gluconapoleiferin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity gluconapoleiferin(1-) concentration concentration of gluconapoleiferin(1-) in material entity The concentration of gluconasturtiin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity gluconasturtiin(1-) concentration concentration of gluconasturtiin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucoputranjivin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoputranjivin(1-) concentration concentration of glucoputranjivin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucoraphenin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucoraphenin(1-) concentration concentration of glucoraphenin(1-) in material entity The concentration of glucobrassicin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity glucobrassicin(1-) concentration concentration of glucobrassicin(1-) in material entity The concentration of progoitrin(1−) when measured in some material entity. material entity progoitrin(1−) concentration concentration of progoitrin(1−) in material entity The concentration of Sinalbin when measured in some material entity. material entity Sinalbin concentration concentration of Sinalbin in material entity The concentration of sinigrin(1-) when measured in some material entity. material entity sinigrin(1-) concentration concentration of sinigrin(1-) in material entity The concentration of diarylheptanoid when measured in some material entity. material entity diarylheptanoid concentration concentration of diarylheptanoid in material entity The concentration of myricanone when measured in some material entity. material entity myricanone concentration concentration of myricanone in material entity A functional attribute that inheres in one or more dietary nutritional component (or food material) and may contribute to a dietary role. The parent term can be changed at any point nutritional functional attribute A physical property that inheres in a food material or one or more dietary nutritional component dietary material physical attribute A biological role that may be assigned to a dietary chemical component based on evidence that supports a role defined at the levels of molecular interaction, cellular process or physiological role. dietary role Elongate 4th circumoral appendage of cuttlefish and squids used to capture prey. Divided into proximal stalk and distal club. Damion Dooley https://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/zoology/pdf_hi/sctz-0513.pdf 2019-06-28T19:18:51Z tentacle aquatic animal ink Yamogenin CHEBI:10086 Yamogenin A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. gingerol CHEBI:10136 gingerol A carotenol, the structure of which is (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene hydroxy-substituted at C-3' with R-stereochemistry. α-cryptoxanthin CHEBI:10223 alpha-cryptoxanthin A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges. β-cryptoxanthin CHEBI:10362 beta-cryptoxanthin κ-carrageenan CHEBI:10583 kappa-carrageenan propyl gallate Codex::310 Europe::310 n-propyl gallate CHEBI:10607 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. n-propyl gallate A perillyl alcohol in which the chiral centre has S configuration. CHEBI:10782 (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol A prenylated member of the class of pterocarpans and an organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,6b,12b-tetrahydro-1H,7H-chromeno[6',5':4,5]furo[3,2-c]chromen-10-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by methyl groups (the R,R stereoisomer). It is found in found in the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean) and in the stems of Erythrina subumbrans. (−)-phaseolin CHEBI:108 (-)-phaseolin An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion. sodium ascorbate Codex::301 Europe::301 sodium l-ascorbate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. sodium ascorbate An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. sodium benzoate Codex::211 Europe::211 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. sodium benzoate An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio. sodium metabisulphite Codex::223 Europe::223 sodium metabisulfite LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, bleaching agent, flour treatment agent, preservative. sodium disulfite A 3-sn-glycerophosphoserine compound having acyl substituents at the 1- and 2-hydroxy positions. CHEBI:64388 phosphatidylserine CHEBI:11750 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine (-)-Variabilin CHEBI:123 (-)-Variabilin silymarin CHEBI:125451 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication. vitamin a CHEBI:12777 vitamin A vitamin A An inorganic phosphate having Fe(3+) as the counterion. CHEBI:131371 iron(3+) phosphate iron(3+) phosphate A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 4'. quercetin 3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:131498 quercetin 3,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with two beta-D-glucosyl residues attached at positions 7 and 4'. quercetin 7,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:131499 quercetin 7,4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid. potassium carbonate potassium carbonates Codex::501 Codex::501(i) Europe::501 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer. potassium carbonate A docosatetraenoic acid in which the four double bonds are located at positions 7, 10, 13 and 16 (geometry unspecified). docosatetraenoic acid CHEBI:131693 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid A class of carbonyl compound encompassing dicarboxylic acids and any derivatives obtained by substitution of either one or both of the carboxy hydrogens. dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. sodium propionate Codex::281 Europe::281 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. sodium propionate Any member of the class of benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone or its C-substituted derivatives. 1,4-benzoquinones Any napthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at the 1 and 2 positions of the naphthalene ring. CHEBI:132141 1,2-naphthoquinones 1,2-naphthoquinones A naphthoquinone in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 4 of the parent naphthalene ring. CHEBI:132142 1,4-naphthoquinones 1,4-naphthoquinones Any trienoic fatty acid containing 18 carbons. fatty acid 18:3 An organic sodium salt consisting of sodium and oxalate ions in a 2:1 ratio. CHEBI:132764 sodium oxalate sodium oxalate A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid. CHEBI:9953 CHEBI:132853 acteoside acteoside A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is glycitin carrying an acetyl substituent at position 6 on the glucose moiety. acetyl glycitin glycitein 7-(6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucoside) CHEBI:133348 glycitein 7-(6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucoside) An aluminosilicate mineral consisting mostly of montmorillonite. The different types of bentonite (aluminium bentonite; calcium bentonite; potassium bentonite; sodium bentonite) are named after their dominant element. bentonite Codex::558 Europe::558 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent. bentonite An anthocyanidin glycoside that is pelargonidin in which the two phenolic hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by beta-D-glucosyl residues. CHEBI:7951 CHEBI:133365 pelargonin pelargonin Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. volatile organic compound A 2-acyl-4,6-diprenylphloroglucinol in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl. CHEBI:134345 deoxyhumulone deoxyhumulone An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.). allylic alcohol An allylic alcohol in which the carbon atom that links the double bond to the hydroxy group is also attached to two hydrogens. primary allylic alcohol A class containing any titanium molecular entity that is an oxide of titanium. titanium oxides A diol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms, usually but not necessarily adjacent. glycol A biflavonoid that is 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzocyclohepten-6-one which is substituted at positions 1 and 8 by (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl groups. It is the main red pigment in black tea. CHEBI:136609 theaflavin theaflavin A trimethoxyflavone that is 6-hydroxyluteolin in which the phenolic hydogens at positions 4', 6 and 7 have been replaced by methyl groups. CHEBI:136666 eupatorin eupatorin Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entity A tetrol composed of ethyleneglycol having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at the 1-position. 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol CHEBI:1387 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol Any carotenoid derivative with an beta-end group carotenoid beta-end derivative A polyether that is any poly(ethylene glycol) in which one or both of the terminal hydroxy groups has been substituted or undergone modification. poly(ethylene glycol) derivative Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'. 4'-hydroxyflavanones A beta-carotene carrying one additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. trans-beta-carotene 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene CHEBI:140677 4-hydroxy-all-trans-beta-carotene R-cob(III)alamin A cyclic ketone isolated from the bark of Morella species and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. CHEBI:141540 Myricanone Myricanone CHEBI:142263 isopeonidin 3-rutinoside isopeonidin 3-rutinoside An acetophenone substituted by a sulfooxy group at position 2 and by a hydroxy group at position 4. CHEBI:143237 2-O-sulfate-4-hydroxyacetophenone 2-O-sulfate-4-hydroxyacetophenone A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. CHEBI:145012 rebaudioside A rebaudioside A rebaudioside B(1−) CHEBI:145013 rebaudioside B(1-) A rebaudioside that is stevioside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucosyl ester moiety has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. rebaudioside E CHEBI:145018 rebaudioside E A rebaudioside that is rebaudioside A in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the beta-D-glucosyl ester moiety has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. Found in minute quantities in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. rebaudioside D CHEBI:145022 rebaudioside D A diterpene glycoside derived from steviol by formal esterification of the carboxy group with glucose (or a glucose derivative) and glycosylation of the tertiary hydroxy group with combinations of glucose and rhamnose to give the corresponding glycosides. steviol glycoside CHEBI:145027 steviol glycoside 13'-carboxy-alpha-tocopherol A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses. cellulose acetate An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is phloretin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from the leaves of the Chinese sweet tea Lithocarpus polystachyus and exhibits significant anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. trilobatin CHEBI:145829 trilobatin A 5-alkylresorcinol that is resorcinol which is substituted by a heptadecyl group at position 5. It is found in wheat bran. CHEBI:145967 5-heptadecylresorcinol 5-heptadecylresorcinol A 5-alkylresorcinol that is resorcinol which is substituted by a tricosyl group at position 5. It is found in wheat bran. CHEBI:145969 5-tricosylresorcinol 5-tricosylresorcinol A member of the class of catechins that is (+)-catechin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' has been replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of (+)-catechin, a major polyphenol found in several fruits and vegetables. CHEBI:149610 (+)-catechin-3'-methyl ether (+)-catechin-3'-methyl ether A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of 1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol dihydrate and 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucitol in a 1:1 ratio. It is used in the food industry as a sugar substitute and in the pharmaceutical industry as a tabletting excipient. CHEBI:140428 CHEBI:150326 isomalt isomalt An enal that consists of 3,7-dimethyl-9-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenal (double bond geometry unspecified) carrying a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at the 9-position. retinal CHEBI:15035 retinal A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds. retinyl palmitate retinyl palmitate A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from hydrogen sulfide. sulfide(2−) CHEBI:15138 sulfide(2-) A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. CHEBI:13985 CHEBI:23212 CHEBI:3665 CHEBI:41524 CHEBI:15354 choline choline A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. CHEBI:14061 CHEBI:23508 CHEBI:4050 CHEBI:15356 cysteine cysteine A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. acetic acid CHEBI:22169 CHEBI:2387 CHEBI:40486 Codex::260 Europe::260 acetic acid, glacial CHEBI:15366 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative. acetic acid acetic acid An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. CHEBI:10743 CHEBI:13352 CHEBI:27313 CHEBI:42043 CHEBI:42857 CHEBI:43228 CHEBI:44292 CHEBI:44701 CHEBI:44819 CHEBI:5585 CHEBI:15377 water water The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. CHEBI:10758 CHEBI:16 CHEBI:18442 CHEBI:41334 (R)-camphor CHEBI:15396 (R)-camphor CHEBI:10762 CHEBI:18448 CHEBI:41399 CHEBI:57 CHEBI:15398 (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor (+)-exo-5-hydroxycamphor A carvone having (S) configuration. CHEBI:10759 CHEBI:5 CHEBI:15399 (+)-carvone (+)-carvone A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer. (-)-menthol A limonene monoterpenoid consists of a cyclohexene ring substituted by a hydroxymethyl and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. It is a constituent of a variety of essential oils including lavender. CHEBI:14772 CHEBI:18496 CHEBI:8022 perillyl alcohol CHEBI:15420 perillyl alcohol The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. glycine CHEBI:10792 CHEBI:14344 CHEBI:24368 CHEBI:42964 CHEBI:5460 Codex::640 Europe::640 CHEBI:15428 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer. glycine glycine CHEBI:10799 CHEBI:10845 CHEBI:169 CHEBI:18519 CHEBI:24854 CHEBI:15443 inulin inulin The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. CHEBI:10862 CHEBI:18 CHEBI:18443 CHEBI:15600 (+)-catechin (+)-catechin A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. CHEBI:12127 CHEBI:18607 CHEBI:2057 CHEBI:15640 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid A member of the class of pterocarpans carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 6a and 9. CHEBI:10935 CHEBI:18600 CHEBI:260 CHEBI:78027 CHEBI:15649 3,6,9-trihydroxypterocarpan 3,6,9-trihydroxypterocarpan A tetraric acid that is butanedioic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. tartaric acid (l(+)-) Codex::334 Europe::334 tartaric acid, l(+)- LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, sequestrant. 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. aldose Any alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon. L-alpha-amino acid A hydroxyisoflavanone that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of biochanin A. CHEBI:14143 CHEBI:23731 CHEBI:4554 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A CHEBI:15712 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. primary alcohol An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. succinic acid CHEBI:22943 CHEBI:26807 CHEBI:45639 CHEBI:9304 Codex::363 Europe::363 CHEBI:15741 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. succinic acid succinic acid A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. CHEBI:14730 CHEBI:233028 CHEBI:24540 CHEBI:24541 CHEBI:24542 CHEBI:24550 CHEBI:29889 CHEBI:35978 CHEBI:44952 palmitic acid CHEBI:15756 hexadecanoic acid hexadecanoic acid A primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. CHEBI:15276 CHEBI:27174 CHEBI:9799 CHEBI:15760 tyramine tyramine A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. CHEBI:12130 CHEBI:20574 CHEBI:2062 CHEBI:15794 juglone juglone A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues. polypeptide A long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. CHEBI:22608 CHEBI:2799 CHEBI:40501 CHEBI:15843 arachidonic acid arachidonic acid CHEBI:13918 CHEBI:3178 CHEBI:49515 CHEBI:15858 bromide bromide A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3', 4', 5 and 7. It is thought to play an important role in the human body as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger, an anti-inflammatory agent and an immune system modulator as well as being active against several cancers. CHEBI:12082 CHEBI:14536 CHEBI:25086 CHEBI:6578 CHEBI:15864 luteolin luteolin Any 3-hydroxy steroid whose skeleton is closely related to cholestan-3-ol (additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain). CHEBI:13688 CHEBI:15114 CHEBI:26771 CHEBI:9266 CHEBI:15889 sterol sterol An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. CHEBI:15195 CHEBI:26852 CHEBI:45877 CHEBI:9406 CHEBI:15891 taurine taurine A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22. long-chain fatty acid A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. CHEBI:24418 CHEBI:5508 CHEBI:15939 glycyrrhizinic acid glycyrrhizinic acid A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. niacin nicotinic acid CHEBI:25538 CHEBI:44319 CHEBI:7559 niacin (b3) CHEBI:15940 nicotinic acid nicotinic acid An acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. lycopene CHEBI:14541 CHEBI:26367 CHEBI:43789 CHEBI:6596 Codex::160e Europe::160d lycopenes CHEBI:15948 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. lycopene lycopene An organic heterobicyclic compound that consists of 2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole having a valeric acid substituent attached to the tetrahydrothiophene ring. The parent of the class of biotins. biotin CHEBI:13905 CHEBI:22882 CHEBI:22884 CHEBI:3108 CHEBI:41236 CHEBI:15956 biotin biotin A mannose with D-configuration. CHEBI:12999 CHEBI:21057 CHEBI:16024 D-mannose D-mannose A class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of ethanolamine. CHEBI:12701 CHEBI:14803 CHEBI:26030 CHEBI:26031 CHEBI:7661 CHEBI:8129 CHEBI:16038 phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylethanolamine A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. CHEBI:1422 CHEBI:19921 CHEBI:19922 CHEBI:16104 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. CHEBI:13972 CHEBI:23145 CHEBI:3625 CHEBI:16112 chlorogenic acid chlorogenic acid A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. CHEBI:13982 CHEBI:23204 CHEBI:3659 CHEBI:41564 CHEBI:16113 cholesterol cholesterol A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms. CHEBI:26662 CHEBI:26664 CHEBI:45740 CHEBI:9133 CHEBI:16119 shikimic acid shikimic acid A benzenetriol carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. CHEBI:11135 CHEBI:14985 CHEBI:22708 CHEBI:45264 CHEBI:482 CHEBI:16164 pyrogallol pyrogallol An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. CHEBI:104361 CHEBI:25664 CHEBI:44741 CHEBI:7741 CHEBI:16196 oleic acid oleic acid A carbonyl group with two C-bound amine groups. The commercially available fertilizer has an analysis of 46-0-0 (N-P2O5-K2O). carbamide Codex::927b Europe::927b urea (carbamide) LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent. urea A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5. CHEBI:11159 CHEBI:14788 CHEBI:22710 CHEBI:8114 CHEBI:16204 phloroglucinol phloroglucinol CHEBI:14509 CHEBI:14511 CHEBI:25042 CHEBI:6467 limonin CHEBI:16226 limonin A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. ethanol A pentahydroxyflavone having the five hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions. It is one of the most abundant flavonoids in edible vegetables, fruit and wine. CHEBI:11704 CHEBI:14991 CHEBI:26472 CHEBI:45280 CHEBI:8696 CHEBI:16243 quercetin quercetin A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. CHEBI:14816 CHEBI:26063 CHEBI:8150 CHEBI:16247 phospholipid phospholipid An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues. CHEBI:13964 CHEBI:3599 CHEBI:16261 chitosan chitosan Any member of the class of menaquinones that is 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with an unsaturated isoprenoid chain at the 3-position. CHEBI:14582 CHEBI:25184 CHEBI:6749 CHEBI:16374 menaquinone menaquinone CHEBI:14460 CHEBI:49698 CHEBI:5946 CHEBI:16382 iodide iodide A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is mandelic acid bearing a phenolic hydroxy substituent at position 4. CHEBI:1869 CHEBI:20410 CHEBI:16388 4-hydroxymandelic acid 4-hydroxymandelic acid Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. ubiquinones The trans-isomer of caffeic acid. CHEBI:11691 CHEBI:11692 CHEBI:12870 CHEBI:1379 CHEBI:19877 CHEBI:41964 trans-caffeic acid CHEBI:16433 trans-caffeic acid An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. CHEBI:13748 CHEBI:22277 CHEBI:2539 CHEBI:16449 alanine alanine A fenchone that has 1S,4R stereochemistry. A colourless, oily liquid found in fennel oil, it is used in perfumery and as flavour in foods. CHEBI:63901 CHEBI:165 (1S,4R)-fenchone (1S,4R)-fenchone The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin. CHEBI:12083 CHEBI:2006 CHEBI:20519 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone CHEBI:16514 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:165217 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. carbon dioxide Codex::290 Europe::290 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): carbonating agent, packaging gas, preservative, propellant. carbon dioxide A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. CHEBI:14018 CHEBI:23372 CHEBI:3859 coniferyl aldehyde CHEBI:16547 coniferyl aldehyde A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively. CHEBI:15015 CHEBI:26521 CHEBI:49843 CHEBI:8771 CHEBI:16634 raffinose raffinose Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. CHEBI:15131 CHEBI:23008 CHEBI:9318 CHEBI:16646 carbohydrate carbohydrate Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. peptide A group of plant storage proteins having a high proline amino acid content. CHEBI:166885 prolamin prolamin A complex of six monomers, has a predominantly beta-sheet-containing secondary structure CHEBI:166886 cruciferin cruciferin Proteins with high-molecular-mass (HMW) and low-molecular-mass (LMW) subunits with molar masses from about 200,000 to a few million, which are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and other forces. Glutenin is responsible for the strength and elasticity of dough CHEBI:166887 glutenin glutenin A stigmastane sterol that is 5alpha-stigmastane carrying a hydroxy group at position 3beta and double bonds at positions 7 and 24. CHEBI:80096 CHEBI:166888 avenasterol avenasterol CHEBI:166889 delta7-stigmasterol delta7-stigmasterol CHEBI:12911 CHEBI:20908 CHEBI:4099 CHEBI:57860 apiose CHEBI:16689 D-apiose D-apiose Phenols that include substances containing a phenolic ring and at least one organic carboxylic acid function. CHEBI:166890 phenolic acid phenolic acid Phenylpropane is a colorless liquid. The compound consists of a phenyl group attached to allyl. Phenylpropene isomerizes to trans-propenylbenzene. CHEBI:166891 phenylpropane phenylpropane The non-sugar compound remaining after replacement of the glycosyl group from a glycoside by a hydrogen atom. CHEBI:166892 aglycone aglycone CHEBI:166893 eicosatetraenoic acid eicosatetraenoic acid CHEBI:166894 xanthonolignoid xanthonolignoid oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions. CHEBI:166895 procyanidin procyanidin Peltogynoid compounds, differing from other flavonoids by the presence of a fourth ring, have been isolated from a small group of species, however, their biological activities remain to be defined. CHEBI:166896 peltogynoid peltogynoid compounds having a coumarin skeleton and having an aryl structure at the 3-position CHEBI:166897 3-arylcoumarin 3-arylcoumarin Allomelanin is a type of nitrogen-free melanin most commonly found in fungi CHEBI:166898 allomelanin allomelanin One of the major classifications of proteins, which may be further divided into the euglobulins and the pseudoglobulins. The former group is insoluble in water but soluble in saline solutions and may be precipitated in water that has been half-saturated with a salt such as ammonium sulfate. The latter group is soluble in water and has properties that resemble those of the true globulins. Globulins are an important source of protein in seed plants and are found in minute amounts in cereals. Globulins found in animal fluids are enzymes, antibodies, and fibrous and contractile proteins usually contained in the blood plasma. CHEBI:166899 globulin type globulin type Family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins. All the proteins of the albumin family are water-soluble, moderately soluble in concentrated salt solutions, and experience heat denaturation. CHEBI:166964 albumin type albumin type Simple oxygenated xanthones are subdivided according to the degree of oxygenation into non-, mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaoxygenated substances. In these xanthones the substituents are simple hydroxy, methoxy, or methyl groups. About 150 simple oxygenated xanthones have been reported. CHEBI:166965 simple oxygenated xanthones simple oxygenated xanthones These xanthones are usually restricted to the plant species of the family Guttiferae. The major C5 unit of the substituents included the commonly found 3-methylbut-2-enyl or isoprenyl group as in isoemericellin and the less frequent 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl as in nigrolineaxanthone P and 1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl as in globuxanthone, respectively. CHEBI:166966 prenylated and related xanthones prenylated and related xanthones A cis configuration means that the two hydrogen atoms adjacent to the double bond stick out on the same side of the chain. The rigidity of the double bond freezes its conformation and, in the case of the cis isomer, causes the chain to bend and restricts the conformational freedom of the fatty acid. The more double bonds the chain has in the cis configuration, the less flexibility it has. When a chain has many cis bonds, it becomes quite curved in its most accessible conformations. CHEBI:166967 cis-fatty acid cis-fatty acid A trans configuration in contrast to the cis, means that the adjacent two hydrogen atoms lie on opposite sides of the chain. As a result, they do not cause the chain to bend much, and their shape is similar to straight saturated fatty acids. CHEBI:166968 trans-fatty acid trans-fatty acid A ribosyl or deoxyribosyl derivative of a pyrimidine or purine base in which C-5 of the ribose ring is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-phosphorylated. nucleoside 5'-phosphate A hydroxymethylpyridine with hydroxymethyl groups at positions 4 and 5, a hydroxy group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 2. The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6, it is converted intoto pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. CHEBI:14981 CHEBI:26429 CHEBI:8671 CHEBI:16709 pyridoxine pyridoxine A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body A mineral that is an inorganic nutrient which must be ingested and absorbed in adequate amounts to satisfy a wide range of essential metabolic and/or structural functions in the human body. essential mineral, element CHEBI:167164 mineral nutrient mineral nutrient A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart. CHEBI:14039 CHEBI:23431 CHEBI:3976 CHEBI:16726 cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. glycan CHEBI:167695 Punicalagin Punicalagin Punicalin CHEBI:167696 Punicalin A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:12252 CHEBI:20780 CHEBI:2282 apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside CHEBI:16778 apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside A hydroxyisoflavanone that is isoflavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 2' and a methoxy group at position 4'. CHEBI:15307 CHEBI:27284 CHEBI:9972 CHEBI:16786 vestitone vestitone CHEBI:13370 CHEBI:25199 CHEBI:25200 CHEBI:49640 CHEBI:5714 CHEBI:16793 mercury(2+) mercury(2+) A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. melatonin A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. CHEBI:14590 CHEBI:25229 CHEBI:6829 CHEBI:16811 methionine methionine 13'-Carboxy-gamma-tocopherol A hydroxyisoflavanone that is isoflavanone with hydroxy substituents at positions 5, 7, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 8. CHEBI:14493 CHEBI:24984 CHEBI:6135 CHEBI:16832 kievitone kievitone A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine. CHEBI:12402 CHEBI:14327 CHEBI:24334 CHEBI:42873 CHEBI:43049 CHEBI:5437 CHEBI:16856 glutathione glutathione A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. CHEBI:26597 CHEBI:45521 CHEBI:9006 2-hydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:16914 salicylic acid salicylic acid A phytosterol consisting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. CHEBI:14214 CHEBI:23942 CHEBI:42264 CHEBI:4825 CHEBI:16933 ergosterol ergosterol An apigenin flavone glycoside, which is found in the passion flower, bamboo leaves and pearl millet CHEBI:10012 CHEBI:15315 CHEBI:27308 CHEBI:16954 vitexin vitexin A polysaccharide composed of two or more different types of monosaccharides, CHEBI:14394 CHEBI:24534 CHEBI:5688 CHEBI:16966 heteroglycan heteroglycan An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:25730 CHEBI:44583 CHEBI:7811 CHEBI:16995 oxalic acid oxalic acid The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. CHEBI:14899 CHEBI:8469 propane-1,2-diol CHEBI:16997 propane-1,2-diol D-Ribitol in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a 7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]pteridin-10(2H)-yl moiety. It is a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables, but the richest natural source is yeast. The free form occurs only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin-adenine dinucleotide. riboflavin vitamin b2 CHEBI:15044 CHEBI:27299 CHEBI:45214 CHEBI:529204 CHEBI:8843 Codex::101(i) Europe::101 riboflavin, synthetic CHEBI:17015 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. riboflavin riboflavin A heteroglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucose (G) and D-mannose (M) in a proportion of 5:8. The basic polymeric repeating unit has the pattern: GGMMGMMMMMGGM, with branching through beta-(1->3)- and beta-(1->6)-glucosyl linkages. Acetate groups are present on C-6 every 9-19 units of the main chain. CHEBI:11105 CHEBI:11106 CHEBI:18834 CHEBI:24263 CHEBI:283 CHEBI:5410 CHEBI:17020 glucomannan glucomannan A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits. CHEBI:1146 CHEBI:11591 CHEBI:19629 CHEBI:17043 biphenyl-2-ol biphenyl-2-ol A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. nitrous oxide Codex::942 Europe::942 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, foaming agent, packaging gas, propellant. dinitrogen oxide CHEBI:14271 CHEBI:49593 CHEBI:5113 CHEBI:17051 fluoride fluoride A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). ketone A benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. Biphenyl occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops. biphenyl, diphenyl Codex::230 Europe::230 diphenyl LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. biphenyl The meso-diastereomer of butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol. erythritol CHEBI:14215 CHEBI:23946 CHEBI:372804 CHEBI:44263 CHEBI:4840 Codex::968 Europe::968 CHEBI:17113 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, humectant, Sweetener. erythritol erythritol A pentitol (five-carbon sugar alcohol) having meso-configuration, being derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. xylitol CHEBI:10078 CHEBI:15328 CHEBI:253147 CHEBI:27339 CHEBI:46522 CHEBI:60939 Codex::967 Europe::967 CHEBI:17151 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, humectant, stabilizer, sweetener, thickener. xylitol xylitol A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. nicotinamide nicotinamide A tetrasaccharide consisting of sucrose having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 6-position of the glucose. CHEBI:15105 CHEBI:26749 CHEBI:9248 CHEBI:17164 stachyose stachyose nucleoside 5'-monophosphate A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions. CHEBI:11451 CHEBI:19381 CHEBI:19382 CHEBI:936 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:17189 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having hypoxanthine as the nucleobase. inosinic acid Codex::630 Europe::630 inosinic acid, 5’- LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer. IMP CHEBI:14507 CHEBI:6464 limonene-1,2-diol CHEBI:17219 limonene-1,2-diol The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. CHEBI:15055 CHEBI:26582 CHEBI:8894 CHEBI:8895 rosmarinic acid CHEBI:17226 rosmarinic acid An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. CHEBI:14313 CHEBI:24277 CHEBI:33929 CHEBI:5418 CHEBI:17234 glucose glucose dehydroascorbic acid A methylcatechol having a single methyl substituent at the 4-position. It has been isolated from Picea abies. CHEBI:12025 CHEBI:1897 CHEBI:20442 CHEBI:43962 4-methylcatechol CHEBI:17254 4-methylcatechol An inositol having myo- configuration. CHEBI:10601 CHEBI:12826 CHEBI:12831 CHEBI:25451 CHEBI:43559 CHEBI:17268 myo-inositol myo-inositol A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', 4' and 6'. CHEBI:14787 CHEBI:26014 CHEBI:42649 CHEBI:8111 CHEBI:17276 phloretin phloretin A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->4)-linkage. maltose CHEBI:14568 CHEBI:25144 CHEBI:6668 CHEBI:17306 LanguaL curation note: Used when maltose or a high maltose sweetener is the major ingredient. maltose maltose Any mixture of complex, colloidal, macromolecular plant galacturonans containing a large proportion of D-galactopyranosyluronic acid residues in alpha-(1->4) linkage, the carboxy groups of which may be esterified to varying degrees by methyl groups or be partially or completely converted into salts. The structure shown is that of the parent polygalacturonan. CHEBI:14741 CHEBI:26180 CHEBI:7946 Codex::440 Europe::440 CHEBI:17309 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener. pectin pectin A diterpenoid that is hexadec-2-en-1-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15. CHEBI:14836 CHEBI:26121 CHEBI:8193 phytol CHEBI:17327 phytol A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. CHEBI:12783 CHEBI:22349 CHEBI:8816 CHEBI:17336 all-trans-retinol all-trans-retinol An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. CHEBI:25047 CHEBI:42395 CHEBI:6479 CHEBI:17351 linoleic acid linoleic acid A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). CHEBI:15139 CHEBI:45548 CHEBI:17359 sulfite sulfite A sulfur-containing amino acid obtained by the oxidation of two cysteine molecules which are then linked via a disulfide bond. cystine The cis-isomer of caffeic acid. CHEBI:13929 CHEBI:19880 CHEBI:19881 CHEBI:22979 CHEBI:3292 cis-caffeic acid CHEBI:17395 cis-caffeic acid A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated. CHEBI:10603 CHEBI:11366 CHEBI:12829 CHEBI:12832 CHEBI:19200 phytate phytic acid CHEBI:17401 myo-inositol hexakisphosphate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate The trans,trans-stereoisomer of farnesyl diphosphate. CHEBI:10700 CHEBI:11488 CHEBI:11491 CHEBI:12854 CHEBI:12874 CHEBI:19789 CHEBI:42496 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate CHEBI:17407 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate A complex cob(III)alamin in which cobalt is positioned in the centre of a planar corrin tetrapyrrole ring and bound axially to a 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole moiety and a cyano group. It is one of several forms of the vitamin known as vitamin B12. cyanocobalamin CHEBI:14041 CHEBI:23435 CHEBI:3979 CHEBI:48820 CHEBI:60496 cyanocobalamin (b12) CHEBI:17439 cyanocob(III)alamin cyanocob(III)alamin A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:11833 CHEBI:1550 CHEBI:20076 CHEBI:39897 CHEBI:17445 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid A monoterpenoid consisting of two prenyl units linked head-to-tail and functionalised with a hydroxy group at its tail end. CHEBI:14297 CHEBI:24219 CHEBI:5329 geraniol CHEBI:17447 geraniol A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. aldehyde A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone bearing a methoxy substituent at position 6. CHEBI:15067 CHEBI:210840 CHEBI:26611 CHEBI:9057 CHEBI:17488 scopoletin scopoletin A catechin that is (-)-epicatechin in which the hydroxy group at position 4' is replaced by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of (-)-epicatechin. 4'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin CHEBI:174910 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin A carbohydrate that is an acyclic polyol having the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nCH2OH (formally derivable from an aldose by reduction of the carbonyl group). CHEBI:13754 CHEBI:22298 CHEBI:2556 CHEBI:17522 alditol alditol CHEBI:175304 Dodecyl gallate Dodecyl gallate The six-membered ring form of L-arabinose. CHEBI:21232 CHEBI:6181 CHEBI:17535 L-arabinopyranose L-arabinopyranose A linear copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked beta-D-mannuronic acid and alpha-L-guluronic acid residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks. alginic acid CHEBI:11097 CHEBI:18823 CHEBI:22308 CHEBI:271 Codex::400 Europe::400 CHEBI:17548 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener. alginic acid alginic acid A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aR,11aR)-pterocarpan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 10. CHEBI:14774 CHEBI:25948 CHEBI:8044 phaseollidin CHEBI:17556 phaseollidin A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:132834 CHEBI:14996 CHEBI:26485 CHEBI:8705 quercitrin CHEBI:17558 quercitrin An optically active form of cysteine having L-configuration. l-cysteine Codex::920 Europe::920 cysteine, l- and its hydrochlorides - sodium and potassium salts LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent. L-cysteine A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 4'. A phytoestrogen, it has putative benefits in dietary cancer prophylaxis. CHEBI:13903 CHEBI:22876 CHEBI:3105 biochanin A CHEBI:17574 biochanin A A cyclic carotene obtained by dimerisation of all-trans-retinol. A strongly-coloured red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruit and the most active and important provitamin A carotenoid. beta-carotene CHEBI:10355 CHEBI:12392 CHEBI:22834 CHEBI:40987 Codex::160a Europe::160a β-carotene carotenes CHEBI:17579 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. beta-carotene A glucooligosaccharide derived from glucose monomers linked via alpha-D-1,4 bonds as in maltose. The term is commonly applied to the series of linear oligosaccharides composed of two, three, four, five and six such units of glucose. maltooligosaccharide A benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. CHEBI:14416 CHEBI:24645 CHEBI:5793 CHEBI:17594 hydroquinone hydroquinone A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is benzaldehyde substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-4. CHEBI:12002 CHEBI:1857 CHEBI:20396 CHEBI:43009 CHEBI:17597 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Any D-aldose having a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. D-aldohexose A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively on the phenyl ring. CHEBI:14260 CHEBI:24030 CHEBI:42445 CHEBI:5046 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid CHEBI:17620 ferulic acid ferulic acid A flavin mononucleotide that is riboflavin (vitamin B2) in which the primary hydroxy group has been converted to its dihydrogen phosphate ester. riboflavin-5'-phosphate Codex::101(ii) Europe::101 riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. FMN A cyclic oligosaccharide comprising a ring of D-glucose units linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds. cyclomaltodextrin A glucose with D-configuration. dextrose glucose, d- LanguaL term definition: Used when dextrose or a high dextrose sweetener, such as corn syrup or corn syrup solids, is the major ingredient. D-glucose A member of the class of 4'-methoxyisoflavones that is formononetin with a hydroxy group at the 2'position. CHEBI:11401 CHEBI:19268 CHEBI:843 2'-hydroxyformononetin CHEBI:17678 2'-hydroxyformononetin Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. CHEBI:21241 CHEBI:176783 Langual document note: DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF]. vitamin C vitamin C Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). CHEBI:176838 vitamin B2 vitamin B2 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms). CHEBI:176839 vitamin B3 vitamin B3 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms. CHEBI:176840 vitamin B5 vitamin B5 Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. CHEBI:176841 vitamin B7 vitamin B7 Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. CHEBI:176842 vitamin B9 vitamin B9 Any member of a group of cobalamin vitamers that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with low red blood cell count and anemia. The vitamers are found in foods such as cereals, meat, fish, and poultry. The vitamers include adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, aquacobalamin, nitritocobalamin and methylcobabalamin (also includes their ionized, salt and phosphate derivatives). CHEBI:176843 Langual documentation note: DIRECTIVE 2002/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:183:0051:0057:EN:PDF]. vitamin B12 vitamin B12 The (R,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (R,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol The (R,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (R,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol The (R,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (R,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol The (S,R,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (S,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol The (S,S,R)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (S,S,R)-alpha-tocopherol The (S,R,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (S,R,S)-alpha-tocopherol A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form. lactose CHEBI:10296 CHEBI:10380 CHEBI:14497 CHEBI:22460 CHEBI:22760 CHEBI:25005 CHEBI:27755 CHEBI:613009 CHEBI:17716 LanguaL term definition: Used when lactose or a high lactose sweetener is the major ingredient. lactose lactose The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. CHEBI:13895 CHEBI:15264 CHEBI:22858 CHEBI:24370 CHEBI:27128 CHEBI:3073 CHEBI:17750 glycine betaine glycine betaine A triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. glycerol CHEBI:131422 CHEBI:14334 CHEBI:24351 CHEBI:42998 CHEBI:5448 Codex::422 Europe::422 CHEBI:17754 glycerol glycerol A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). organohalogen compound A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position. CHEBI:13938 CHEBI:22989 CHEBI:3334 calycosin CHEBI:17793 calycosin An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:15081 CHEBI:26648 CHEBI:9116 CHEBI:17822 serine serine The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin. CHEBI:14640 CHEBI:25484 CHEBI:25488 CHEBI:44288 CHEBI:7483 (S)-naringenin CHEBI:17846 (S)-naringenin Any glyceride resulting from the condensation of all three hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. CHEBI:15255 CHEBI:27085 CHEBI:9664 CHEBI:17855 triglyceride triglyceride A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. hydrochloric acid CHEBI:13364 CHEBI:24635 CHEBI:5590 Codex::507 Europe::507 CHEBI:17883 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. hydrogen chloride hydrogen chloride A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. CHEBI:12776 CHEBI:22348 CHEBI:8814 all-trans-retinal CHEBI:17898 all-trans-retinal A hydroxycalciol that is calciol in which the hydrogen at position 25 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A prehormone resulting from the oxidation of calciol in the liver, it is further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3. CHEBI:13931 CHEBI:19815 CHEBI:3304 CHEBI:46387 CHEBI:17933 calcidiol calcidiol A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration. CHEBI:15206 CHEBI:23764 CHEBI:42225 CHEBI:9415 (+)-taxifolin CHEBI:17948 (+)-taxifolin A flavone C-glycoside consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue at the 6-position. CHEBI:14471 CHEBI:24905 CHEBI:6034 isoorientin CHEBI:17965 isoorientin An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. benzyl alcohol Codex::1519 Europe::1519 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): carrier. benzyl alcohol A glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose. CHEBI:15128 CHEBI:26812 CHEBI:45795 CHEBI:9314 CHEBI:17992 LanguaL term definition: Used when sucrose (e.g., cane sugar or beet sugar) is the major ingredient. Note: on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means sucrose. sucrose sucrose A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. CHEBI:13291 CHEBI:13970 CHEBI:3616 CHEBI:3731 CHEBI:48804 CHEBI:17996 chloride chloride A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. fumaric acid Codex::297 Europe::297 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. fumaric acid The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin. CHEBI:20976 CHEBI:20978 CHEBI:18024 D-galacturonic acid D-galacturonic acid A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. CHEBI:19320 CHEBI:41901 CHEBI:885 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:18026 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid A glyceride that is glycerol in which any two of the hydroxy groups have been acylated. In the structure shown, two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. CHEBI:14135 CHEBI:23653 CHEBI:4481 CHEBI:18035 diglyceride diglyceride 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. CHEBI:14517 CHEBI:25054 CHEBI:6486 CHEBI:18059 lipid lipid A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. phylloquinone CHEBI:11611 CHEBI:14833 CHEBI:26105 CHEBI:45148 CHEBI:8181 phytomenadione vitamin K1 CHEBI:18067 phylloquinone phylloquinone A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 4'. CHEBI:14279 CHEBI:18194 CHEBI:24086 CHEBI:5146 formononetin CHEBI:18088 formononetin 2,5,8-Trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. CHEBI:12014 CHEBI:1874 CHEBI:20419 CHEBI:40091 CHEBI:18101 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. CHEBI:1047 CHEBI:11541 CHEBI:19516 CHEBI:27048 CHEBI:39811 CHEBI:18125 trans-2-coumaric acid trans-2-coumaric acid A luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 7-position. CHEBI:14538 CHEBI:14540 CHEBI:25090 CHEBI:6583 luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid CHEBI:18128 luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid Any six-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldohexose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketohexose). hexose A benzenediol comprising of a benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents ortho to each other. CHEBI:135158 CHEBI:13950 CHEBI:23054 CHEBI:3467 CHEBI:41441 CHEBI:18135 catechol catechol hydrogen halide An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7. It has been isolated from the leaves of Myrica rubra and other plants. CHEBI:14636 CHEBI:44341 CHEBI:7053 CHEBI:18152 myricetin myricetin A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. CHEBI:14864 CHEBI:26205 CHEBI:8322 CHEBI:18154 LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of eleven or more saccharide units. Usually not sweet to the taste. Includes starch, pectin and cellulose. polysaccharide polysaccharide A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring. CHEBI:1151 CHEBI:19517 CHEBI:19633 o-coumaric acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid CHEBI:18176 2-coumaric acid 2-coumaric acid A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. gamma-tocopherol CHEBI:10579 CHEBI:12406 CHEBI:24199 Codex::308 Europe::308 γ-tocopherol tocopherol, gamma-, synthetic CHEBI:18185 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. gamma-tocopherol An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. CHEBI:15277 CHEBI:27176 CHEBI:9800 CHEBI:18186 tyrosine tyrosine CHEBI:181906 Polydextrose Polydextrose The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. CHEBI:14002 CHEBI:3730 citrulline CHEBI:18211 citrulline (2R)-2,5,8-Trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol A solution of ammonia in water. ammonium hydroxide Codex::527 Europe::527 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. ammonium hydroxide An aldopentose, found in the embryos of most edible plants and used in medicine to test for malabsorption by administration in water to the patient. CHEBI:10085 CHEBI:15332 CHEBI:27348 CHEBI:33944 CHEBI:46500 CHEBI:18222 xylose xylose A phenylpropanoid that is an isomer of eugenol in which the allyl substituent is replaced by a prop-1-enyl group. CHEBI:14466 CHEBI:6007 isoeugenol CHEBI:18224 isoeugenol A glucan that consists of a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked glucose residues, most of which are substituted with (1->6)-linked xylose side-chains. CHEBI:10081 CHEBI:15330 CHEBI:27344 CHEBI:18233 xyloglucan xyloglucan An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. glutamic acid CHEBI:24314 CHEBI:5431 Codex::620 Europe::620 glutamic acid, l(+)- CHEBI:18237 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer. glutamic acid glutamic acid Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. CHEBI:11695 CHEBI:11930 CHEBI:14203 CHEBI:1764 CHEBI:23886 CHEBI:43686 CHEBI:18243 dopamine dopamine A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26. iron atom An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. CHEBI:7784 ornithine CHEBI:18257 ornithine Any form of fucose having L configuration. CHEBI:13102 CHEBI:21293 CHEBI:18287 L-fucose L-fucose CHEBI:13382 CHEBI:25153 CHEBI:6681 CHEBI:18291 manganese atom manganese atom A class of aminophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of serine. CHEBI:14801 CHEBI:26041 CHEBI:8137 CHEBI:18303 phosphatidyl-L-serine phosphatidyl-L-serine A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:14417 CHEBI:2806 arbutin hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside CHEBI:18305 hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside An acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. alkane A C-glycosyl compound that consists of apigenin substituted by a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 6. CHEBI:14482 CHEBI:22806 CHEBI:2771 CHEBI:18330 isovitexin isovitexin A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. CHEBI:15302 CHEBI:1842 CHEBI:20380 CHEBI:48387 CHEBI:18346 vanillin vanillin A monomethoxybenzene that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4. CHEBI:15303 CHEBI:1843 CHEBI:27279 CHEBI:18353 vanillyl alcohol vanillyl alcohol A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4', 5 and 7. It induces autophagy in leukaemia cells. CHEBI:12084 CHEBI:22588 CHEBI:2768 CHEBI:18388 apigenin apigenin A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane. CHEBI:12197 CHEBI:20686 CHEBI:7893 isomaltulose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose CHEBI:18394 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose A methylcatechol carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. It is a xenobiotic metabolite produced by some bacteria capable of degrading nitroaromatic compounds present in pesticide-contaminated soil samples. CHEBI:11857 CHEBI:20127 CHEBI:43829 CHEBI:887 3-methylcatechol CHEBI:18404 3-methylcatechol A dihydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 4'. CHEBI:19221 CHEBI:830 CHEBI:18414 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone CHEBI:13379 CHEBI:25112 CHEBI:49736 CHEBI:6635 CHEBI:18420 magnesium(2+) magnesium(2+) sulphur dioxide CHEBI:45789 CHEBI:8992 CHEBI:9351 Codex::220 Europe::220 sulfur dioxide CHEBI:18422 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative. sulfur dioxide sulfur dioxide A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:1879 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol A member of the class of phenols that is styrene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. CHEBI:1883 4-hydroxystyrene 4-hydroxystyrene Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris. It is composed of pentasaccharide repeat units, comprising two glucose units, two mannose units, and one glucuronic acid unit. Its main chain consists of beta-D-glucose units linked at the 1 and 4 positions. Trisaccharide side chains contain a D-glucuronic acid unit between two D-mannose units linked at the O-3 position of every other glucose residue in the main chain. Approximately one-half of the terminal D-mannose contains a pyruvic acid residue linked via keto group to the 4 and 6 positions, with an unknown distribution. D-Mannose unit linked to the main chain contains an acetyl group at position O-6. CHEBI:189560 xanthan xanthan Any fatty acid containing two carboxy groups. dicarboxylic fatty acid Calcium silicate is the chemical compound Ca2SiO4, also known as calcium orthosilicate. CHEBI:190294 calcium silicate calcium silicate A calcium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190295 inorganic calcium salt inorganic calcium salt An organic calcium salt of stearic acid. It is a component of some lubricants and surfactants. CHEBI:190296 calcium stearate calcium stearate A magnesium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190297 inorganic magnesium salt inorganic magnesium salt A magnesium salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190298 magnesium phosphate magnesium phosphate A magnesium salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190299 organic magnesium salt organic magnesium salt A phosphate salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190300 inorganic phosphate salt inorganic phosphate salt An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid. CHEBI:190301 tripotassium phosphate tripotassium phosphate A phosphate salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190302 organic phosphate salt organic phosphate salt A potassium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190303 inorganic potassium salt inorganic potassium salt A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor, it is anti-tumourigenic for various malignant tumours. 4-methylumbelliferone β-D-glucuronide CHEBI:1904 4-methylumbelliferone beta-D-glucuronide A chromium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190412 inorganic chromium salt inorganic chromium salt A chromium salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190413 organic chromium salt organic chromium salt A copper salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190414 inorganic copper salt inorganic copper salt A copper salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190415 organic copper salt organic copper salt A fluoride salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190416 inorganic fluoride salt inorganic fluoride salt A fluoride salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190417 organic fluoride salt organic fluoride salt An iodine salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190418 inorganic iodine salt inorganic iodine salt An iodine salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190419 organic iodine salt organic iodine salt A iron salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190420 inorganic iron salt inorganic iron salt An iron salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190421 organic iron salt organic iron salt A manganese salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190422 inorganic manganese salt inorganic manganese salt A manganese salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190423 organic manganese salt organic manganese salt A molybdenum salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190424 inorganic molybdenum salt inorganic molybdenum salt A molybdenum salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190425 organic molybdenum salt organic molybdenum salt CHEBI:190426 selenium(4+) selenium(4+) CHEBI:190427 selenium(6+) selenium(6+) A selenium salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190428 inorganic selenium salt inorganic selenium salt A selenium salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190429 organic selenium salt organic selenium salt A zinc salt that lacks C-H bonds CHEBI:190430 inorganic zinc salt inorganic zinc salt A zinc salt with C-H bonds CHEBI:190431 organic zinc salt organic zinc salt A aluminium salt that lacks C-H bonds inorganic aluminium salt CHEBI:190496 titanium(3+) titanium(3+) A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone sulfate which carries a methyl group at position 4. It is a metabolite of 4-methylumbelliferone. CHEBI:1905 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate 4-methylumbelliferone sulfate calcium tartrate An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio. CHEBI:3313 CHEBI:190513 calcium citrate calcium citrate A calcium compound with C-H bonds CHEBI:190515 organic calcium compound organic calcium compound A phosphate compound with C-H bonds CHEBI:190516 organic phosphate compound organic phosphate compound An iron compound with C-H bonds CHEBI:190517 organic iron compound organic iron compound A globular protein that is present in the milk of many mammalian species including ruminants, such as cows and sheep, and some non-ruminants, such as pigs and horses CHEBI:190519 Further classification will be integrated for this class beta-lactoglobulin beta-lactoglobulin one of the two most abundant seed storage proteins in mustard and rapeseed CHEBI:190521 Further classification will be integrated for this class napin napin A prolamin present in wheat and several other cereals within the grass genus Triticum. It is made up of single-chain polypeptides with an average molecular weight of 25-100 kDa linked by intramolecular disulfide bonds and classified based on its primary amino acid sequence into the alpha/beta-, gamma- and omega-type. CHEBI:190522 Further classification will be integrated for this class gliadin gliadin are a type of flavonoid pigments in plants. Anthoxanthins are water-soluble pigments which range in color from white or colorless to a creamy to yellow, often on petals of flowers. anthoxanthin anthoxanthin flavanonol sanguiin H6 lambertianin C arecatannin a2 An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. CHEBI:20106 vanillylmandelic acid vanillylmandelic acid Resorcinol substituted at position 5 by a pentadecyl chain. CHEBI:2120 cardol cardol A pentahydroxyflavone that is luteolin with an additional hydroxy group at position 6. CHEBI:2197 6-hydroxyluteolin 6-hydroxyluteolin Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3. acetamides Dicarboxylic acids formed from aldoses by replacement of both terminal groups (CHO and CH2OH) by carboxy groups. aldaric acid Any carbohydrate acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde functional group of an aldose to a carboxylic acid functional group. Aldonic acids have the general formula HOCH2[CH(OH)]nC(=O)OH. aldonic acid alkaline earth metal atom alkali metal atom Any of the naturally occurring, basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom, but also found in bacteria, fungi, and animals. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are also classed as alkaloids. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. Compounds in which the nitrogen is exocyclic (dopamine, mescaline, serotonin, etc.) are usually classed as amines rather than alkaloids. CHEBI:22315 alkaloid alkaloid alpha-D-glucoside A tocopherol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl group at position 2. alpha-tocopherol Codex::307 Europe::307 alpha-tocopherol dl-alpha-tocopherol tocopherols CHEBI:22470 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. alpha-tocopherol α-tocopherol A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. anion CHEBI:22580 anthraquinone anthraquinone A polysaccharide composed of arabinose residues. CHEBI:22590 arabinan arabinan CHEBI:33943 CHEBI:22599 arabinose arabinose ascorbic acid Codex::300 Europe::300 vitamin c ascorbic acid, l- l-ascorbic acid CHEBI:22652 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant, flour treatment agent. ascorbic acid ascorbic acid An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. CHEBI:22653 asparagine asparagine An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent CHEBI:22660 aspartic acid aspartic acid Any arenecarbaldehyde that consists of a formyl substituted benzene ring and its substituted derivatives thereof. benzaldehydes A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. CHEBI:22707 benzenetriol benzenetriol Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. benzenes An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring. benzimidazoles Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group. benzoic acids benzopyran benzopyrrole Any quinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol, hydroquinone, or their C-substituted derivatives. benzoquinones Compounds containing a phenylmethanol skeleton. benzyl alcohols Any D-glucoside in which the anomeric centre has beta-configuration. CHEBI:10400 β-D-glucoside CHEBI:22798 beta-D-glucoside Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond. biphenyls boron molecular entity Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents branched-chain amino acid butenedioic acid calcium atom calcium molecular entity carbon oxide Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. carbonates Hydrocarbon carotenoids. carotenes Codex::160a Europe::160a carotene CHEBI:23042 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. carotene One of a class of tetraterpenoids (C40), formally derived from the acyclic parent, psi,psi-carotene by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, cyclization, oxidation, or combination of these processes. This class includes carotenes, xanthophylls and certain compounds that arise from rearrangement of the skeleton of psi,psi-carotene or by loss of part of this structure. Retinoids are excluded. CHEBI:23044 carotenoid carotenoid carotenol Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23053 catechin catechin CHEBI:23055 catechol melanin catechol melanin A ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropenone (benzylideneacetophenone), ArCH=CH(=O)Ar, and its derivatives formed by substitution. CHEBI:23086 chalcones chalcones chloride salt A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. chlorine molecular entity A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof. cholines Any member of the class of chromanes that is chromane substituted by one or more hydroxy groups. chromanol chromanes chromenes A chromenone that consists of a 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. CHEBI:23238 chromones chromones An enal based on a cinnamaldehyde skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:23245 cinnamaldehydes cinnamaldehydes Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives. cinnamic acids cob(III)alamins cobalamins cobamides Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. molecular entity cobalt-corrinoid hexaamide A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. CHEBI:23401 coumaric acid coumaric acid coumarins A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. CHEBI:23414 copper(II) sulfate copper(II) sulfate cyclic oligosaccharide A macrocycle composed of five or more D-glucopyranose units bonded via (1->4)-linkages. CHEBI:23456 cyclodextrin cyclodextrin An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. cysteine derivative Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds. CHEBI:23652 dextrins dextrins A dimeric sesquiterpene lactone that is produced by the plant Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). The bitter tasting constituent of Absinthe. absinthin CHEBI:2366 absinthin An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. diazole dimethylxanthine A compound that contains two hydroxy groups, generally assumed to be, but not necessarily, alcoholic. Aliphatic diols are also called glycols. diol Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:23849 diterpenoid diterpenoid A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten. CHEBI:23909 ellagitannin ellagitannin Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. ethanols flavin mononucleotide A member of the class of flavonoid with a 2-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-arylchromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:24043 flavones flavones Compounds containing at least one furan ring. furans CHEBI:5260 CHEBI:24174 galacturonan galacturonan A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). CHEBI:24182 gallotannin gallotannin gluconic acid Codex::574 Europe::574 gluconic acid, d- LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, raising agent. gluconic acid An oligosaccharide comprised of glucose residues. glucooligosaccharide Any hexosamine that is glucose in which at least one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by an amino group. glucosamines CHEBI:24278 glucoside glucoside Water-soluble anionic substituted thioglucosides. Glucosinolates have a central C atom which is bonded via an S atom to a glycone group and via an N atom to a sulfonated oxime group, and which also carries a side-group. The side-chain and sulfate group have an anti stereochemical configuration across the C=N double bond. glucosinolate CHEBI:24279 glucosinolate An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing glutamic acid residues. glutamic acid derivative glycogens CHEBI:24385 glycoglycerolipid glycoglycerolipid A glycosyl compound resulting from the attachment of a glycosyl group to a non-acyl group RO-, RS-, RSe-, etc. The bond between the glycosyl group and the non-acyl group is called a glycosidic bond. By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for glycosylamines and for compounds having a glycosyl group attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. These terms are misnomers and should not be used. The preferred terms are glycosylamines and C-glycosyl compounds, respectively. glycoside An sulfur oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the hydroxy group attached to the sulfur of a glycosinolic acid. CHEBI:24401 glycosinolate glycosinolate glycosylglucose Any disaccharide in which the two monosaccharide components are connected by a glycosidic linkage between their anomeric centres. glycosyl glycoside A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological role Any organonitrogen compound containing a carbamimidamido (guanidino) group. Guanidines have the general structure (R(1)R(2)N)(R(3)R(4)N)C=N-R(5) and are related structurally to amidines and ureas. guanidines halogen molecular entity heterocyclic antibiotic A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. organic heterocyclic compound hexadienoic acid Members of the class of hydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by 6 hydroxy groups. hexahydroxyflavone hexitol Any 6-carbon amino monosaccharide with at least one alcoholic hydroxy group replaced by an amino group. hexosamine A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. hydrocarbon Nuclear particle of charge number +1, spin 1/2 and rest mass of 1.007276470(12) u. proton Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group. hydroxy carboxylic acid CHEBI:24673 hydroxybenzaldehyde hydroxybenzaldehyde Any benzoic acid carrying one or more phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring. CHEBI:50778 CHEBI:24676 hydroxybenzoic acid hydroxybenzoic acid monohydroxycinnamic acid Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents. hydroxycinnamates CHEBI:24689 hydroxycinnamic acid hydroxycinnamic acid A member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavanone with one or more hydroxy substituents. hydroxyflavanone CHEBI:24697 hydroxyflavanone Any flavone in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups. hydroxyflavone CHEBI:24698 hydroxyflavone A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:24741 hydroxyproline hydroxyproline A five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. imidazoles imide Any compound containing an indole skeleton. indoles A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxoacid A molecular entity that contains no carbon. inorganic molecular entity inorganic oxide Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom. inorganic phosphate inorganic salt CHEBI:24840 inorganic sulfate salt inorganic sulfate salt inosine phosphate Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. CHEBI:24848 inositol inositol iodine molecular entity A salt is an assembly of cations and anions. CHEBI:24866 salt salt organic salt A molecular entity having a net electric charge. ion iron molecular entity A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration. CHEBI:24898 isoleucine isoleucine Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. CHEBI:24913 isoprenoid isoprenoid Oxo carboxylic acids formally derived from aldonic acids by replacement of a secondary CHOH group by a carbonyl group. ketoaldonic acid Any hexose containing a single ketone group. CHEBI:24973 ketohexose ketohexose Ketonic parent sugars (polyhydroxy ketones H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)[CH(OH)]mH) and their intramolecular hemiketals. CHEBI:6131 CHEBI:24978 ketose ketose Any organic salt that has lactate as the cation. lactate salt Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. lactone A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. CHEBI:25017 leucine leucine Any phenylpropanoid derived from phenylalanine via dimerization of substituted cinnamic alcohols, known as monolignols, to a dibenzylbutane skeleton. Note that while individual members of the class have names ending ...lignane, ...lignene, ...lignadiene, etc., the class names lignan, neolignan, etc., do not end with an "e". CHEBI:25035 CHEBI:25036 lignan lignan A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins. CHEBI:25048 linolenic acid linolenic acid A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties. agar Codex::406 Europe::406 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, gelling agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener. agar A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6. CHEBI:25094 lysine lysine A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members which exhibits antibiotic activity. macrolide antibiotic A macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide. macrolide magnesium atom magnesium molecular entity magnesium porphyrin A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds. maltodextrin CHEBI:25140 maltodextrin maltodextrin p-menthane monoterpenoid Any secondary alcohol that is one of the eight possible diastereoisomers of 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol. p-menthan-3-ol metalloporphyrin Compounds containing a benzene skeleton substituted with one methoxy group. monomethoxybenzene Any member of the class of flavones with at least one methoxy substituent. methoxyflavone Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol. methyl ester An alkylmercury compound in which the alkyl group specified is methyl. CHEBI:25322 methylmercury compound methylmercury compound methylxanthine Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group. monocarboxylic acid Any methoxyflavone with a single methoxy substituent. monomethoxyflavone Any terpenoid derived from a monoterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C10 skeleton of the parent monoterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:25409 monoterpenoid monoterpenoid Any fatty acid with one double or triple bond in the fatty acid chain and singly bonded carbon atoms in the rest of the chain. MUFAs have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, and in diabetes treatment. CHEBI:25413 monounsaturated fatty acid monounsaturated fatty acid A monoterpenoid that is 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by a carboxy group at position 2. CHEBI:29635 myrtenic acid CHEBI:25459 myrtenic acid A polycyclic aromatic ketone metabolite of naphthalene. CHEBI:25481 naphthoquinone naphthoquinone A phenylpropanoid that includes plant products formed primarily from oxidative coupling of two para-propylphenol moities. Unlike lignan, the units are coupled at positions other than their beta-carbon atoms. CHEBI:25497 neolignan neolignan An epoxycarotenoid that is 6,7-didehydro-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5',6'-epoxy-beta,beta-carotene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3, 3', and 5 positions. CHEBI:25501 neoxanthin neoxanthin A member of the class of pyridines that is a substituted pyridine in which at least one of the substituents is a carboxamide or N-substituted caraboxamide group. pyridinecarboxamide nitrites CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom nitrogen atom nonmetal atom A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates. nucleoside phosphate Any trienoic fatty acid having eighteen carbons. octadecatrienoic acid A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids. oligopeptide A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. omega-3-fatty acid ω−3 fatty acid CHEBI:25681 omega-3 fatty acid organic heteromonocyclic compound Any organic ion with a net negative charge. organic anion Any organic ion with a net positive charge. organic cation An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen. ether organic ion An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. organic oxide organic phosphate Compounds of the general formula SO3HOR where R is an organyl group CHEBI:25704 organic sulfate organic sulfate An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. aliphatic alcohol An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. organophosphorus compound An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxygen molecular entity organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic A quinone in which the two oxo groups of the quinone are located para to each other on the 6-membered quinonoid ring. p-quinones A fatty acid ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with a hydroxy group of an alcohol or phenol. hexadecanoate ester An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. CHEBI:25863 pelargonidin pelargonidin A hydroxyflavone substituted by five hydroxy groups. pentahydroxyflavone An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose. pentitol aldopentose phosphate A chemically diverse class of peptides that exhibit antimicrobial properties. peptide antibiotic Any organic aromatic compound with a structure based on a phenylpropane skeleton. The class includes naturally occurring phenylpropanoid esters, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and many small phenolic molecules as well as their semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues. Phenylpropanoids are also precursors of lignin. CHEBI:26004 phenylpropanoid phenylpropanoid Salts and esters of phosphoric and oligophosphoric acids and their chalcogen analogues. In inorganic chemistry, the term is also used to describe anionic coordination entities with phosphorus as central atom. phosphate A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. phosphoric acid Codex::338 Europe::338 CHEBI:26078 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, sequestrant. phosphoric acid phosphoric acid phosphoric acid derivative phosphorus molecular entity phylloquinones CHEBI:26119 phytoene phytoene Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond. CHEBI:26125 phytosterols phytosterols phytylnaphthoquinone Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. polar amino acid A family of antibiotics containing a conjugated polyene moiety, usuallly isolated from some species of Streptomyces. polyene antibiotic A macromolecule composed of units connected by carboxylic ester (-O-CO-) linkages. polyester macromolecule polyether antibiotic Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. polyketide A compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups. CHEBI:26191 polyol polyol Members of the class of phenols that contain 2 or more benzene rings each of which is substituted by at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:26195 polyphenol polyphenol Any phosphate that is a salt or an ester of polyphosphoric acid or its chalcogen analogues. polyphosphates Codex::452 Europe::452 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. polyphosphates Any fatty acid containing more than one double bond. Acids in this group are reported to have cardioprotective effects; and levels are lowered in chronic fatigue syndrome. CHEBI:26208 polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acid Natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. porphyrins potassium atom potassium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation. potassium salt A quinone substituted by a polyprenyl-derived side-chain. Prenylquinones occur in all living cells. Due to their amphiphilic character, they are mainly located in biological membranes where they function as electron and proton carriers in the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains. Some prenylquinones also perform more specialised roles sucy as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors. Prenylquinones are classified according to ring structure: the main classes are menaquinones, phylloquinones, ubiquinones and plastoquinones. prenylquinone A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans. condensed tannin CHEBI:26267 proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. CHEBI:26271 proline proline propane-1,2-diols propanediol pteridines pterins Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They generally bear structural resemblance to isoflavanoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection. They are the 3,4-dihydroderivatives of coumestans. CHEBI:60953 CHEBI:26377 pterocarpans pterocarpans pullulans purine alkaloid purine nucleoside monophosphate Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. purine nucleotide purine ribonucleoside monophosphate Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. purine ribonucleotide A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. purines pyridine alkaloid A monocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is attached to a pyridine (or substituted pyridine) ring. pyridinemonocarboxylic acid Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. pyridines A cyclitol carboxylic acid. CHEBI:26493 quinic acid quinic acid A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring. quinolines Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. retinoid CHEBI:26543 rhamnogalacturonan rhamnogalacturonan A deoxymannose sugar that is the 6-deoxy derivative of hexose. CHEBI:26546 rhamnose rhamnose ribonucleoside monophosphate ribonucleotide ribose phosphate Any fatty acid containing no carbon to carbon multiple bonds. Known to produce adverse biological effects when ingested to excess. CHEBI:26607 saturated fatty acid saturated fatty acid An alpha-amino acid which is biosynthesised from 3-phosphoglycerate (i.e. serine, glycine, cysteine and homocysteine). A closed class. serine family amino acid Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:26658 sesquiterpenoid sesquiterpenoid Any terpenoid derived from a sesterterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C25 skeleton of the parent sesterterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). Sometimes sesterterpenoids are erroneously referred to as sesterpenoids. CHEBI:53180 sesterterpenoid CHEBI:26660 sesterterpenoid An aliphatic monocarboxylic acid with a chain length of less than C6. If any non-hydrocarbon substituent is present, the compound is not normally regarded as a short-chain fatty acid. short-chain fatty acid Any of the N-acylneuraminic acids and their esters and other derivatives of the alcoholic hydroxy groups. CHEBI:26667 sialic acid sialic acid silicon molecular entity sodium atom An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion. sodium bisulfate CHEBI:26709 sodium hydrogensulfite sodium hydrogensulfite An inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. CHEBI:26710 sodium chloride sodium chloride sodium molecular entity Any alkali metal salt having sodium(1+) as the cation. sodium salt Any steroid that acts as hormone. steroid hormone CHEBI:26775 stilbene stilbene Any olefinic compound characterised by a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone. CHEBI:26776 stilbenoid stilbenoid carbohydrate phosphate An ester of an alcohol and sulfuric acid. sulfuric ester Salts and esters of sulfuric acid sulfates Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid. sulfites sulfur atom sulfur-containing amino acid sulfur molecular entity A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. sulphuric acid Codex::513 Europe::513 sulfuric acid LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. sulfuric acid Any of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol. CHEBI:26848 tannin tannin CHEBI:26849 tartaric acid tartaric acid Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. CHEBI:26873 terpenoid terpenoid Any oxacycle having an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) skeleton. oxolanes A natural pigment containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next. tetrapyrrole tetraric acid Any terpenoid derived from a tetraterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C40 skeleton of the parent tetraterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:26935 tetraterpenoid tetraterpenoid Any member of the group of 1,3-thiazolium cations that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B1 deficiency in animals. Symptoms of vitamin B1 deficiency include constipation, loss of apetite, fatigue, nausea, delirium, blurry vision and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency can also lead to a disease known as beriberi. Vitamin B1 consists of the vitamer thiamin and its acid, aldehyde and phosphorylated derivatives (and their corresponding ionized, salt and hydrate forms). vitamin b1 CHEBI:26948 vitamin B1 vitamin B1 An organic tricyclic compound in which at least one of the rings of the tricyclic skeleton contains one or more heteroatoms. organic heterotricyclic compound An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. CHEBI:26986 threonine threonine tin atom A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. CHEBI:27013 tocopherol tocopherol An element whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell, or which can give rise to cations with an incomplete d sub-shell. transition element atom A disaccharide formed by a (1<->1)-glycosidic bond between two units of D-glucose. CHEBI:27082 trehalose trehalose An oxoacid containing three carboxy groups. tricarboxylic acid trihydroxybenzoic acid Any hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. trihydroxyflavone trimethylxanthine A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. triol Tryptamine and its substitution derivatives. tryptamines organic heterobicyclic compound Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C or C#C bond. unsaturated fatty acid A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group. CHEBI:27266 valine valine An epoxycarotenol that is 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-beta,beta-carotene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 3'. It is the naturally occurring xanthophyll pigment found in a variety of plants. CHEBI:27295 violaxanthin violaxanthin Any member of a group of fat-soluble hydroxy seco-steroids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D can be obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements and is biologically inactive and converted into the biologically active calcitriol via double hydroxylation in the body. vitamin d CHEBI:27300 vitamin D vitamin D Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). vitamin b6 CHEBI:27306 vitamin B6 vitamin B6 A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. CHEBI:27325 xanthophyll xanthophyll zinc atom zinc molecular entity CHEBI:22677 CHEBI:2935 avenacin A-1 CHEBI:27408 avenacin A-1 A linolenic acid with cis-double bonds at positions 9, 12 and 15. Shown to have an antithrombotic effect. CHEBI:10298 CHEBI:22462 CHEBI:43891 alpha-linolenic acid CHEBI:27432 alpha-linolenic acid An epoxycarotenol derivative of lutein. CHEBI:25085 CHEBI:6577 CHEBI:27448 lutein 5,6-epoxide lutein 5,6-epoxide An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. folic acid CHEBI:24075 CHEBI:42610 CHEBI:5140 CHEBI:569217 b9 folate CHEBI:27470 LanguaL curation note: Used when folic acid is added at any level. Always use this term for enriched flour or rice, enriched bakery products, and enriched macaroni or noodle products. (21 CFR 137. 610(a), 21 CFR 136.115(a)(1), and others). folic acid folic acid An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin(1+) carrying a single beta-D-galactosyl substituent at position 3. CHEBI:23428 CHEBI:3973 cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside CHEBI:27475 cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 2'. CHEBI:11399 CHEBI:19266 CHEBI:841 2'-hydroxydaidzein CHEBI:27479 2'-hydroxydaidzein A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. CHEBI:27187 CHEBI:27188 CHEBI:9858 umbelliferone CHEBI:27510 umbelliferone CHEBI:24205 CHEBI:5303 genistin genistein 7-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:27514 genistein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside CHEBI:10108 CHEBI:27361 CHEBI:27547 zeaxanthin zeaxanthin A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer). CHEBI:1733 CHEBI:20258 isosakuranetin CHEBI:27552 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone A trihydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin prenylated at C-6. CHEBI:20756 CHEBI:2234 CHEBI:27566 6-prenylnaringenin 6-prenylnaringenin selenium atom An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. CHEBI:24598 CHEBI:43118 CHEBI:5733 CHEBI:27570 histidine histidine A member of the class of dihydroflavonols that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7 and 4'. CHEBI:24200 CHEBI:5275 garbanzol CHEBI:27587 garbanzol A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units. CHEBI:26268 CHEBI:8447 CHEBI:27589 procyanidin B4 procyanidin B4 A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. monensin A A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. CHEBI:22186 CHEBI:2403 CHEBI:40490 CHEBI:27632 acetophenone acetophenone An extended flavonoid that is 6,7-methylenedioxyflavanone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5 and 2' respectively. CHEBI:22857 CHEBI:3072 betagarin CHEBI:27679 betagarin A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups. CHEBI:24146 CHEBI:5255 CHEBI:27680 galactomannan galactomannan A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. CHEBI:26692 CHEBI:9170 CHEBI:27693 sitosterol sitosterol A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. CHEBI:22982 CHEBI:3295 CHEBI:41472 caffeine added CHEBI:27732 caffeine caffeine Any hydroxyflavone with a hydroxy substituent at position 3'. 3'-hydroxyflavonoid A vetispirane sesquiterpenoid that consists of (2R,5S,6S,8S,10R)-8-hydroxy-10-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)spiro[4.5]decane bearing a formyl substituent at position 6. CHEBI:25077 CHEBI:6551 lubimin CHEBI:27774 lubimin A tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects. CHEBI:25454 CHEBI:7058 CHEBI:27781 myristoleic acid myristoleic acid hydroxocobalamin hydroxocobalamin A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3. CHEBI:26532 CHEBI:45349 CHEBI:8812 CHEBI:27810 resorcinol resorcinol An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:23425 CHEBI:3970 cyanidin CHEBI:27843 cyanidin cation cyanidin cation An epoxycarotenol that is beta-carotene-3,3'-diol in which one of the one of the endocyclic double bonds has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide. It is a neutral yellow plant pigment found in Euglenophyta. CHEBI:22566 CHEBI:2749 antheraxanthin CHEBI:27867 antheraxanthin A stilbenol that is stilbene in which the phenyl groups are substituted at positions 3, 5, and 4' by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:11685 CHEBI:1366 CHEBI:19867 resveratrol CHEBI:27881 resveratrol An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. CHEBI:27163 CHEBI:9769 CHEBI:27897 tryptophan tryptophan pullulan Codex::1204 Europe::1204 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): film-forming agent, glazing agent. pullulan Isoflavone in which the double bond between positions 2 and 3 has been reduced to a single bond. CHEBI:24890 CHEBI:6012 CHEBI:27945 isoflavanone isoflavanone A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. CHEBI:26684 CHEBI:9153 CHEBI:27949 (E)-sinapaldehyde (E)-sinapaldehyde Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. CHEBI:21279 CHEBI:21280 CHEBI:6210 CHEBI:27956 L-dehydroascorbic acid L-dehydroascorbic acid CHEBI:18956 CHEBI:23242 CHEBI:35814 CHEBI:41535 CHEBI:561 1,8-cineole CHEBI:27961 1,8-cineole A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:12251 CHEBI:20779 CHEBI:25089 CHEBI:29061 CHEBI:6582 luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside CHEBI:27994 luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside A 9-octadecenoic acid and the trans-isomer of oleic acid. CHEBI:10546 CHEBI:23903 CHEBI:42209 CHEBI:27997 elaidic acid elaidic acid The most important reserve polysaccharide found in plants. It is a glucan consisting of amylose and amylopectin. CHEBI:26750 CHEBI:26751 CHEBI:9251 CHEBI:28017 starch starch An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. CHEBI:25984 CHEBI:8089 CHEBI:28044 phenylalanine phenylalanine A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues. CHEBI:22538 CHEBI:2693 CHEBI:28057 amylopectin amylopectin A rutinoside consisting of cyanidin having the rutinosyl group at the 3-position. CHEBI:23430 CHEBI:3975 CHEBI:28064 cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside A 7-hydroxyisoflavone with additional hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. It is a phytoestrogenic isoflavone with antioxidant properties. CHEBI:24204 CHEBI:42763 CHEBI:5302 CHEBI:28088 genistein genistein A bornane monoterpenoid that is 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. CHEBI:22913 CHEBI:3150 borneol CHEBI:28093 borneol A glucan composed of unbranched chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The number of repeated glucose subunits (n) is usually in the range of 300 to 3000, but can be many thousands. One of the two components of starch (the other, 70-80%, being amylopectin). Cf. linear maltodextrin, in which the chain length is typically between 3 and 17 glucose units. CHEBI:22539 CHEBI:2694 CHEBI:28102 amylose amylose A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. CHEBI:26139 CHEBI:69684 CHEBI:75100 CHEBI:8221 CHEBI:28157 pinocembrin pinocembrin A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. CHEBI:26940 CHEBI:45950 CHEBI:9523 theophylline CHEBI:28177 theophylline A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group. CHEBI:20789 CHEBI:2263 7-ethoxycoumarin CHEBI:28184 7-ethoxycoumarin A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 4'. CHEBI:23558 CHEBI:4306 CHEBI:28197 daidzein daidzein A trihydroxyflavanone having the three hydroxy gropus located at the 3'-, 5- and 7-positions and an additional methoxy substituent at the 4'-position. CHEBI:24529 CHEBI:5681 CHEBI:28230 hesperetin hesperetin An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. galactose CHEBI:24162 CHEBI:33933 CHEBI:5256 galactose, d- CHEBI:28260 galactose galactose A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. CHEBI:23801 CHEBI:42138 CHEBI:4612 CHEBI:28262 dimethyl sulfoxide dimethyl sulfoxide capsidiol A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:26478 CHEBI:8702 quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside CHEBI:28299 quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucofuranoside An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. CHEBI:24316 CHEBI:5432 CHEBI:28300 glutamine glutamine A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:25485 CHEBI:7484 naringenin 7-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:28327 naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups. CHEBI:25202 CHEBI:6776 CHEBI:28346 mescaline mescaline alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. vitamin k CHEBI:10009 CHEBI:27301 CHEBI:27307 CHEBI:28384 vitamin K vitamin K A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. CHEBI:23945 CHEBI:4832 CHEBI:49606 CHEBI:28412 eriodictyol eriodictyol A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. CHEBI:10215 CHEBI:22447 α-carotene CHEBI:28425 alpha-carotene A member of the class of arabinoxylans that consists of a polymer chain of beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylopyranose units, many of which are 2- or 3-substituted, or 2,3-disubstituted by alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residues. CHEBI:22602 CHEBI:2797 CHEBI:28427 arabinoxylan arabinoxylan An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium. CHEBI:23600 CHEBI:4382 CHEBI:28436 delphinidin delphinidin A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria. CHEBI:1169 CHEBI:19655 CHEBI:28478 (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. CHEBI:24944 CHEBI:43598 CHEBI:6100 CHEBI:28499 kaempferol kaempferol An anthocyanidin chloride that has pelargonidin as the cationic counterpart. CHEBI:7950 pelargonidin chloride CHEBI:28510 pelargonidin chloride A rutinoside that is quercetin with the hydroxy group at position C-3 substituted with glucose and rhamnose sugar groups. CHEBI:26585 CHEBI:45398 CHEBI:8923 rutin CHEBI:28527 rutin A pentasaccharide that is stachiose which has an additional unit of alpha-D-galactopyranose attached by a 1->6 glycosidic linkage to the terminal galactosyl residue. CHEBI:10371 CHEBI:22764 CHEBI:28586 verbascose verbascose A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. CHEBI:24434 CHEBI:5549 CHEBI:28591 guaiacol guaiacol farnesol A 3beta-sterol consisting of stigmastan-3beta-ol with double bonds at positions 5 and 24(28). The double bond at postion 24(28) adopts a Z-configuration. CHEBI:10541 CHEBI:24895 CHEBI:6016 delta5-avenasterol CHEBI:28604 isofucosterol isofucosterol A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. CHEBI:25034 CHEBI:6455 licoisoflavone A CHEBI:28620 licoisoflavone A CHEBI:22994 CHEBI:3342 CHEBI:28623 campesterol campesterol A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 3 by a phenyl group. CHEBI:26002 CHEBI:26005 CHEBI:43112 CHEBI:8103 3-phenylpropionic acid CHEBI:28631 3-phenylpropionic acid A member of the class of benzoic acids that is gallic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into the corresponding methyl ether. CHEBI:1615 3-O-methylgallic acid CHEBI:28647 3-O-methylgallic acid phosphorus atom A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12. CHEBI:10573 CHEBI:24197 γ-linolenic acid CHEBI:28661 gamma-linolenic acid Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds. dextrin copper atom A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:25489 CHEBI:7486 CHEBI:28705 narirutin narirutin A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:23944 CHEBI:4831 CHEBI:28709 eriocitrin eriocitrin A hexadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at position C-9 has cis configuration. CHEBI:25836 CHEBI:44696 CHEBI:7897 CHEBI:28716 palmitoleic acid palmitoleic acid A metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion. CHEBI:26713 CHEBI:9178 CHEBI:28741 sodium fluoride sodium fluoride A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose. fructose CHEBI:24104 CHEBI:24110 CHEBI:5172 levulose CHEBI:28757 LanguaL curation note: Used when pure fructose is the major ingredient. If *HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP* is the major ingredient, use that term for indexing. fructose fructose A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of methyl L-phenylalaninate. Commonly used as an artificial sweetener. aspartame Codex::951 Europe::951 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener. aspartame A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:24530 CHEBI:5682 CHEBI:28775 hesperidin hesperidin A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta. CHEBI:25065 CHEBI:42001 CHEBI:6501 liquiritigenin CHEBI:28777 liquiritigenin A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. CHEBI:1420 CHEBI:26652 CHEBI:49894 CHEBI:28790 serotonin serotonin A docosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at C-13. It is found particularly in brassicas - it is a major component of mustard and rapeseed oils and is produced by broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and wallflowers. CHEBI:23275 CHEBI:4836 CHEBI:28792 erucic acid erucic acid beta-D-glucan A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. CHEBI:101256 CHEBI:23402 CHEBI:3906 CHEBI:41552 coumarin CHEBI:28794 coumarin Polysaccharides composed of fructose residues. CHEBI:24101 CHEBI:6434 CHEBI:28796 fructan fructan Any hydroxyflavone in which is the ring hydrogen at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:13639 CHEBI:24052 CHEBI:71969 flavonols CHEBI:28802 flavonols pyridoxine 5'-phosphate pyridoxine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:25159 CHEBI:6684 CHEBI:28808 mannan mannan A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5. CHEBI:1364 CHEBI:19862 CHEBI:49817 CHEBI:28814 piceatannol piceatannol A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:25486 CHEBI:545774 CHEBI:566122 CHEBI:7485 CHEBI:28819 naringin naringin A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. CHEBI:12539 CHEBI:21491 CHEBI:7348 piperine CHEBI:28821 piperine A C20 striaght-chain saturated fatty acid which forms a minor constituent of peanut (L. arachis) and corn oils. Used as an organic thin film in the production of liquid crystals for a wide variety of technical applications. CHEBI:24763 CHEBI:2798 arachidic acid CHEBI:28822 icosanoic acid icosanoic acid A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions. CHEBI:26774 CHEBI:8195 CHEBI:28824 stigmasterol stigmasterol A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid. CHEBI:25648 CHEBI:3373 CHEBI:44501 CHEBI:28837 octanoic acid octanoic acid lutein CHEBI:27324 CHEBI:43817 CHEBI:6576 Codex::161b Europe::161b luteins CHEBI:28838 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. lutein lutein A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. CHEBI:25631 CHEBI:45710 stearic acid CHEBI:28842 octadecanoic acid octadecanoic acid CHEBI:23815 CHEBI:6040 isopimpinellin CHEBI:28853 isopimpinellin Members of the class of flavans with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one skeleton and its substituted derivatives. flavanones A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid. CHEBI:25467 CHEBI:26892 CHEBI:6458 lignoceric acid CHEBI:28866 tetracosanoic acid tetracosanoic acid A member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones that is 1,4-naphthoquinone which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. It is used as a nutritional supplement and for the treatment of hypoprothrombinemia. CHEBI:27304 CHEBI:46306 CHEBI:6747 CHEBI:28869 menadione menadione Any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol. CHEBI:18877 CHEBI:494 CHEBI:28874 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. CHEBI:26897 CHEBI:278516 CHEBI:44232 CHEBI:7056 CHEBI:73168 myristic acid CHEBI:28875 tetradecanoic acid tetradecanoic acid A hexahydroxyflavanone that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of myricetin. CHEBI:23755 CHEBI:4576 CHEBI:28917 dihydromyricetin dihydromyricetin A flavonoid phytoalexin that is (S)-naringenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. CHEBI:25487 CHEBI:8999 CHEBI:28927 sakuranetin sakuranetin A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. CHEBI:10007 CHEBI:23937 ergocalciferol CHEBI:28934 vitamin D2 vitamin D2 A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. CHEBI:10008 CHEBI:23170 CHEBI:46283 cholecalciferol CHEBI:28940 calciol calciol A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid. CHEBI:25463 CHEBI:3003 behenic acid CHEBI:28941 docosanoic acid docosanoic acid A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator. CHEBI:26939 CHEBI:39914 CHEBI:9521 CHEBI:28946 theobromine theobromine Any sugar having one or more alcoholic hydroxy groups replaced by substituted or unsubstituted amino groups. amino sugar A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. chlorophylls Codex::140 Europe::140 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. chlorophyll propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol) Codex::1520 Europe::1520 propylene glycol LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, glazing agent, humectant, wetting agent. (R)-propane-1,2-diol aluminium atom An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. CHEBI:22616 CHEBI:2643 CHEBI:29016 arginine arginine CHEBI:13319 CHEBI:13321 CHEBI:21129 CHEBI:24876 CHEBI:34754 CHEBI:49599 CHEBI:29033 iron(2+) iron(2+) An ion of copper carrying a double positive charge. CHEBI:20882 CHEBI:23380 CHEBI:49550 CHEBI:29036 copper(2+) copper(2+) CHEBI:13383 CHEBI:21436 CHEBI:25157 CHEBI:49743 CHEBI:29041 manganese(3+) manganese(3+) The conjugate base formed when the carboxy group of a carboxylic acid is deprotonated. carboxylic acid anion The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate. CHEBI:21240 CHEBI:2868 CHEBI:40892 CHEBI:43473 CHEBI:29073 L-ascorbic acid L-ascorbic acid mononucleotide A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. CHEBI:26717 CHEBI:49766 CHEBI:9175 CHEBI:29101 sodium(1+) sodium(1+) A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. CHEBI:26219 CHEBI:49685 CHEBI:8345 CHEBI:29103 potassium(1+) potassium(1+) CHEBI:10113 CHEBI:27368 CHEBI:49972 CHEBI:49982 CHEBI:29105 zinc(2+) zinc(2+) CHEBI:22988 CHEBI:3308 CHEBI:48760 CHEBI:29108 calcium(2+) calcium(2+) CHEBI:29222 hypochlorite hypochlorite An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. CHEBI:13443 CHEBI:13696 CHEBI:17366 CHEBI:26969 CHEBI:8766 CHEBI:9556 CHEBI:29256 thiol thiol A carboxamide derived from a monocarboxylic acid. monocarboxylic acid amide CHEBI:2936 Avenacin B-2 Avenacin B-2 sodium carbonate Codex::500(i) Europe::500 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent. sodium carbonate A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7. CHEBI:74906 CHEBI:29503 4',7-dihydroxyflavone 4',7-dihydroxyflavone Azukisaponin III CHEBI:2961 Azukisaponin III A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -6 and -7. CHEBI:2979 baicalein baicalein A hexitol produced by a variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, lichens and plants. mannitol CHEBI:14574 CHEBI:25163 Codex::421 Europe::421 CHEBI:29864 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, bulking agent, humectant, stabilizer, sweetener. mannitol mannitol potassium ferrocyanide Codex::536 Europe::536 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent. potassium hexacyanoferrate(4-) sodium ferrocyanide Codex::535 Europe::535 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent. sodium hexacyanoferrate(4-) CHEBI:30168 boron(3+) boron(3+) A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:132836 CHEBI:31745 kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside CHEBI:30200 kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside A tetrasaccharide comprising residues of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and glucose in a linear sequence, all joined by beta-linkages. CHEBI:10379 CHEBI:12348 CHEBI:13377 CHEBI:22759 CHEBI:22771 Lacto-N-tetraose β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-D-Gal-(1→4)-D-Glc CHEBI:30248 beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc An alkane that is propane substituted by a methyl group at position 2. isobutane Codex::943b Europe::943b LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant. isobutane CHEBI:30475 tin(2+) tin(2+) A derivative of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton, with a substituent on the 10 position. flavin A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. silicon dioxide Codex::551 Europe::551 silicon dioxide, amorphous LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent. silicon dioxide hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Codex::464 Europe::464 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, stabilizer, thickener. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. CHEBI:24959 CHEBI:25734 CHEBI:7812 CHEBI:30744 oxaloacetic acid oxaloacetic acid A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. CHEBI:25977 CHEBI:44686 CHEBI:8085 CHEBI:30745 phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. benzoic acid Codex::210 Europe::210 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. benzoic acid A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. CHEBI:1858 CHEBI:20398 CHEBI:44949 4-hydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:30763 4-hydroxybenzoic acid A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from Taxus baccata. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of plasticisers, resins, pharmaceuticals, etc. CHEBI:1538 CHEBI:20064 CHEBI:39892 3-hydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:30764 3-hydroxybenzoic acid A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. propionic acid CHEBI:26304 CHEBI:45227 CHEBI:8476 Codex::280 Europe::280 propionic acid CHEBI:30768 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. propionic acid propionic acid A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. citric acid CHEBI:23322 CHEBI:3727 CHEBI:41523 Codex::330 Europe::330 CHEBI:30769 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant, sequestrant. citric acid citric acid A trihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are at positions 3, 4, and 5. CHEBI:24180 CHEBI:5268 3,4,5- trihydrox benzoic acid CHEBI:30778 gallic acid gallic acid An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group. CHEBI:25132 CHEBI:44060 CHEBI:6660 CHEBI:30794 malonic acid malonic acid A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. CHEBI:23864 CHEBI:23865 CHEBI:41882 CHEBI:4680 lauric acid CHEBI:30805 dodecanoic acid dodecanoic acid CHEBI:23723 CHEBI:4543 CHEBI:30814 digallic acid digallic acid A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. CHEBI:27278 CHEBI:9933 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid CHEBI:30816 vanillic acid vanillic acid An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane. adipic acid Codex::355 Europe::355 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. adipic acid A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, an oxo group at position 11 and a carboxy group at position 30. CHEBI:24417 CHEBI:5507 glycyrrhetinic acid CHEBI:30853 glycyrrhetinic acid A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-carboxy substituents. It is found in the bark and other plant parts of several species of plants including Syzygium claviflorum. It exhibits anti-HIV, antimalarial, antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory properties. CHEBI:65491 betulinic acid CHEBI:3087 betulinic acid A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. alcohol alcohol A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. CHEBI:24886 CHEBI:5998 CHEBI:30887 isocitric acid isocitric acid sorbitol sorbitol as food source sorbitols sorbitols as food source CHEBI:15093 CHEBI:26724 CHEBI:26726 CHEBI:33795 CHEBI:33796 CHEBI:9201 Codex::420 Codex::420(i) Europe::420 sorbitol CHEBI:30911 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener. glucitol glucitol The hydrochloride salt of pyridoxine. pyridoxine hydrochloride pyridoxine hydrochloride A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas. CHEBI:31018 (+)-gallocatechin (+)-gallocatechin A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone hydroxylated at C-2', -4 and -4'. CHEBI:43173 CHEBI:6022 isoliquiritigenin CHEBI:310312 isoliquiritigenin An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. It is used as food additive under the E number E510, working as a yeast nutrient in breadmaking and as an acidifier. It is a feed supplement for cattle and an ingredient in nutritive media for yeasts and many microorganisms. Ammonium chloride is used to spice up dark sweets called salmiak (popular in Nordic and other nearby countries),[18] in baking to give cookies a very crisp texture, and in the liquor Salmiakki Koskenkorva for flavouring. In Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan and Arab countries it is called "Noshader" and is used to improve the crispness of snacks such as samosas and jalebi. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride] ammonium chloride An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. rhoifolin CHEBI:31227 apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside An organic calcium salt having glycerol 2-phosphate(2-) as the counterion. CHEBI:31336 calcium glycerophosphate calcium glycerophosphate CHEBI:31342 Calcium hypochlorite Calcium hypochlorite A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. calcium oxide Codex::529 Europe::529 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, dough conditioner, flour treatment agent. calcium oxide d-pantothenate, calcium Calcium pantothenate calcium sulphate Codex::516 Europe::516 calcium sulfate CHEBI:31346 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent, flour treatment agent, sequestrant, stabilizer. calcium sulfate calcium sulfate A carotenoic acid that is the 6'-monomethyl ester of 9'-cis-6,6'-diapocarotene-6,6'-dioic acid. annatto, bixin, norbixin Codex::160b Europe::160b annatto extracts LanguaL term definition: Food additive. bixin An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. delphinidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:31463 delphinidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. iron ammonium citrate CHEBI:31604 ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate ferrous gluconate Codex::579 Europe::579 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent. Ferrous gluconate An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil. CHEBI:3168 brassicasterol brassicasterol A beta-D-galactoside compound with a 4',5,7-trihydroxychromen-3-yl group at the anomeric position. kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside CHEBI:31742 kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactoside A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:31743 kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside A disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside CHEBI:31788 luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonates Codex::504 Codex::504(i) Europe::504 CHEBI:31793 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, colour retention agent. magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate magnesium oxide Codex::530 Europe::530 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent. magnesium oxide An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. malvidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:31799 malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries. methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Codex::218 Europe::218 methyl para-hydroxybenzoate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. methylparaben An anthocyanin cation consisting of pelargonidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. CHEBI:31967 pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside An anthocyanin cation consisting of pelargonidin having a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. CHEBI:31968 pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside An anthocyanin cation that is petunidin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue petunidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:31985 petunidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside A potassium salt comprising equal numbers of potassium and acetate ions potassium acetate Codex::261(i) Europe::261 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative. potassium acetate potassium gluconate Codex::577 Europe::577 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant. Potassium gluconate An organic potassium salt of L-tartaric acid. It is a by-product of winemaking and occurs naturally in grapes, the major fruit used to produce wine. CHEBI:32034 potassium bitartrate potassium bitartrate potassium hydroxide Codex::525 Europe::525 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. potassium hydroxide potassium sulphate Codex::515(i) Europe::515 potassium sulfate CHEBI:32036 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. potassium sulfate potassium sulfate The benzoate ester that is the propyl ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Preservative typically found in many water-based cosmetics, such as creams, lotions, shampoos and bath products. Also used as a food additive. propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Codex::216 Europe::216 propyl para-hydroxybenzoate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. propylparaben A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:32082 quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside retinyl acetate retinyl acetate A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. saccharin Codex::954(i) Europe::954 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. saccharin sodium saccharin Codex::954(iv) Europe::954 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener. Saccharin sodium sodium hydrogen carbonate Codex::500(ii) Europe::500 sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate CHEBI:32139 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, raising agent. sodium hydrogencarbonate sodium hydrogencarbonate sodium hydroxide Codex::524 Europe::524 CHEBI:32145 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide sodium sulphate Codex::514(i) Europe::514 sodium sulfate CHEBI:32149 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. sodium sulfate sodium sulfate A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond. sucralose Codex::955 Europe::955 sucralose (trichlorogalactosucrose) LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener. Sucralose is an artificial sweetener. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body and therefore it is non-caloric. In the European Union, it is also known under the E number (additive code) E955. Sucralose is approximately 600 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar), twice as sweet as saccharin, and 3 times as sweet as aspartame. sucralose talc Codex::553(iii) Europe::553b LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, coating agent, dusting agent, surface-finishing agent, texturizing agent. Talc A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. titanium dioxide Codex::171 Europe::171 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. titanium dioxide d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate alpha-Tocopherol acetate A 3-coumaric acid that is phenol substituted with trans-2-propenoic acid at position C-3. CHEBI:32357 trans-3-coumaric acid trans-3-coumaric acid A C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants. CHEBI:32365 heptadecanoic acid heptadecanoic acid A chalcone that is (E)-chalcone bearing four additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2', 3, 4 and 4'. CHEBI:3237 butein butein The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid. CHEBI:1812 CHEBI:27061 CHEBI:43108 trans-4-coumaric acid CHEBI:32374 trans-4-coumaric acid An octadecatetraenoic acid having four double bonds located at positions 6, 9, 12 and 15 (the all-cis-isomer). It has been isolated from Lithospermum officinale and fish oils. stearidonic acid CHEBI:32389 all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid An icosenoic acid having a cis- double bond at position 11. gondoic acid CHEBI:32425 (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid A neoxanthin in which all of the double bonds have trans geometry. CHEBI:22344 CHEBI:44249 CHEBI:7517 all-trans-neoxanthin CHEBI:32446 all-trans-neoxanthin A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. potassium chloride Codex::508 Europe::508 CHEBI:32588 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): gelling agent, flavour enhancer, stabilizer, thickener. potassium chloride potassium chloride A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. CHEBI:32599 magnesium sulfate magnesium sulfate A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. CHEBI:26466 CHEBI:45253 CHEBI:8685 CHEBI:32816 pyruvic acid pyruvic acid propane Codex::944 Europe::944 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant. propane sodium acetate Codex::262(i) Europe::262 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative, sequestrant. sodium acetate Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring. epoxide A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position. CHEBI:19934 CHEBI:43113 CHEBI:8110 CHEBI:32980 phloretic acid phloretic acid An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. amide CHEBI:33004 vanadium(2+) vanadium(2+) CHEBI:33006 chromium(2+) chromium(2+) The calcium salt of D-gluconic acid. calcium gluconate Codex::578 Europe::578 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent, sequestrant. calcium gluconate The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. calcium acetate Codex::263 Europe::263 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, preservative, stabilizer. calcium acetate A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. calcium carbonate Codex::170(i) Europe::170 CHEBI:3311 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, stabilizer, surface colourant. calcium carbonate calcium carbonate boric acid Europe::284 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. boric acid calcium chloride Codex::509 Europe::509 CHEBI:3312 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent, stabilizer, thickener. calcium dichloride calcium dichloride boron oxoacid A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions. CHEBI:33192 sodium cyanide sodium cyanide Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. d-alpha-tocopherol vitamin e CHEBI:33234 vitamin E vitamin E A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds. CHEBI:33235 tocotrienol tocotrienol It is present in mushrooms. CHEBI:33237 vitamin D4 vitamin D4 An assembly consisting of a central atom (usually metallic) to which is attached a surrounding array of other groups of atoms (ligands). coordination entity oxoacid derivative An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. organic fundamental parent A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atom A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. Some people may be uncomfortable calling every proton an atomic nucleus This is equivalent to CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. primary amide A derivative of two oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which two acyl groups are attached to the amino or substituted amino group. secondary amide A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. elemental molecular entity hydrogen Codex::949 Europe::949 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): packaging gas. elemental hydrogen An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. CHEBI:23010 CHEBI:25714 CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound organosulfur compound oxygen Europe::948 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. elemental oxygen A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been found in palm oil derived from Elaeis guineensis. CHEBI:35062 α-tocotrienol CHEBI:33270 alpha-tocotrienol An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anion A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 5 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. It has been isolated from various cultivars of wheat. CHEBI:35070 β-tocotrienol CHEBI:33275 beta-tocotrienol A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. CHEBI:35081 delta-tocotrienol δ-tocotrienol CHEBI:33276 delta-tocotrienol A tocotrienol that is chroman-6-ol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 7 and 8 and a farnesyl chain at position 2. A vitamin E family member that has potent anti-cancer properties against a wide-range of cancers. CHEBI:35082 γ-tocotrienol CHEBI:33277 gamma-tocotrienol A vitamin D in which the side-chain at position 17 consists of a (5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl group. CHEBI:33279 vitamin D5 vitamin D5 A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entity A physiological role played by any substance of either plant, animal or artificial origin which contains essential body nutrients that can be ingested by an organism to provide energy, promote growth, and maintain the processes of life. food role food A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkali metal. alkali metal molecular entity An alkaline earth molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an alkaline earth metal. alkaline earth molecular entity Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. pnictogen A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chalcogen Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity carbon group element atom An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. carboxylic ester boron group element atom An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. main group element atom silicon oxide zinc group element atom manganese group element atom iron group element atom copper group element atom sulfur oxoacid A hydracid is a compound which contains hydrogen that is not bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). hydracid pnictogen oxoacid sulfur oxoacid derivative Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid. phospho sugar A pnictogen oxoacid which contains phosphorus and oxygen, at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen, and forms an ion by the loss of one or more protons. phosphorus oxoacid phosphide(3−) CHEBI:33468 phosphide(3-) chalcogen oxoacid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. transition element molecular entity An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. metal atom s-block element atom Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element atom d-block element atom Any member of class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide). Some substances classified as bacterial glycolipids have the sugar part acylated by one or more fatty acids and the glycerol part may be absent. CHEBI:24393 CHEBI:5476 CHEBI:33563 glycolipid glycolipid Any compound containing an o-diphenol component. catechols CHEBI:22705 CHEBI:22711 CHEBI:33570 benzenediols benzenediols Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another. resorcinols A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. carboxylic acid Any carboxylic acid having a sulfur substituent. sulfur-containing carboxylic acid A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group molecular entity boron group molecular entity carbon group molecular entity A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. noble gas molecular entity Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compound A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. homocyclic compound A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. carbocyclic compound A compound having one atom as the only common member of two rings. spiro compound hydrogen molecular entity boron oxoanion A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing two oxo substituents at positions 4 and 4'. canthaxanthin Codex::161g Europe::161g canthaxanthin CHEBI:3362 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. canthaxanthin aluminium molecular entity aluminium Codex::173 Europe::173 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. elemental aluminium polycyclic compound A molecule that features two fused rings. bicyclic compound A polycyclic compound having the shape of a cage. polycyclic cage Any acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compound, excluding aromatic compounds. aliphatic compound A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatic compound organic aromatic compound monocyclic compound heteromonocyclic compound A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. heteropolycyclic compound A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. heterobicyclic compound zinc group molecular entity An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block molecular entity A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. d-block molecular entity helium molecular entity helium Europe::939 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. elemental helium Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides A macromolecule formed by a living organism. biomacromolecule information biomacromolecule A cation consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic cation An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. alpha-amino acid A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. CHEBI:13815 CHEBI:22477 CHEBI:33709 amino acid amino acid carbohydrate acid tetritol CHEBI:3374 capsaicin capsaicin iron group molecular entity copper group molecular entity paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin Codex::160c Europe::160c capsanthin paprika oleoresin CHEBI:3375 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. capsanthin Any aldonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of an aldohexose to a carboxylic acid group. hexonic acid cobalt group molecular entity titanium group molecular entity capsorubin CHEBI:3378 capsorubin An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. organic hydroxy compound CHEBI:24176 CHEBI:42929 CHEBI:5261 CHEBI:33830 galacturonic acid galacturonic acid Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. organic cyclic compound A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). heteroarene benzenoid aromatic compound Conjugated protein is a protein that contains a non-peptide component, usually in stoichiometric proportion. conjugated protein A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecule Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. CHEBI:13664 CHEBI:13825 CHEBI:25969 CHEBI:2857 CHEBI:33853 phenols phenols Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. aromatic alcohol Any aldehyde in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic moiety. arenecarbaldehyde An amino acid whose structure includes an aromatic ring. aromatic amino acid Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. aromatic carboxylic acid An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. aromatic amine transition element coordination entity cobalt molecular entity cobalt coordination entity iron coordination entity cobalt corrinoid metallotetrapyrrole A derivative of the corrin nucleus, which contains four reduced or partly reduced pyrrole rings joined in a macrocycle by three =C- groups and one direct carbon-carbon bond linking alpha positions. corrinoid A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. aldohexose Any aldopentose where the open-chain form has all the hydroxy groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. Occurrs in two enantiomeric forms, D- and L-ribose, of which only the former is found in nature. CHEBI:26564 CHEBI:33942 ribose ribose A ketohexose that is the C-3 epimer of fructose. CHEBI:33951 psicose psicose halide salt silver molecular entity silver Codex::174 Europe::174 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. elemental silver gold Codex::175 Europe::175 gold, metallic LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. gold molecular entity magnesium salt magnesium coordination entity metallic base alkali metal hydroxide Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. CHEBI:24118 CHEBI:5182 CHEBI:33984 fucose fucose alkaline earth hydroxide A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6. butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) Codex::321 Europe::321 butylated hydroxytoluene LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Carnosol CHEBI:3429 Carnosol A family of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from red seaweeds. The name is derived from a common name of red algae Chondrus crispus, "carrageen moss" (Irish moss). carrageenan Codex::407 Europe::407 CHEBI:3435 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, coating agent, emulsifier, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, stabilizer, thickener. carrageenan carrageenan amaranth Codex::123 Europe::123 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. Amaranth Casuarictin CHEBI:3461 Casuarictin Casuarinin CHEBI:3462 Casuarinin disodium phosphate Codex::339(ii) Europe::339 disodium hydrogen phosphate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent. disodium hydrogenphosphate equol CHEBI:34741 equol A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis. CHEBI:69442 CHEBI:34778 glycitein glycitein CHEBI:33514 CHEBI:34982 CHEBI:49891 CHEBI:35104 strontium(2+) strontium(2+) aldose phosphate CHEBI:35143 Further classification will be integrated for this class hemoglobin hemoglobin magnesium hydroxide Codex::528 Europe::528 CHEBI:35149 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, colour retention agent. magnesium hydroxide magnesium hydroxide calcium hydroxide Codex::526 Europe::526 CHEBI:35150 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, firming agent. calcium hydroxide calcium hydroxide calcium salt acyclic carotene cyclic carotene sulfate salt A hydrocarbon of biological origin having carbon skeleton formally derived from isoprene [CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2]. CHEBI:35186 terpene terpene A C40 terpene. CHEBI:35193 tetraterpene tetraterpene nitrogen oxide alkaline earth coordination entity Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of an anthocyanidin cation. CHEBI:35218 anthocyanin cation anthocyanin cation A dextrin of varying length (two or more glucose monomers) resulting from cellulolysis, the breakdown of cellulose. CHEBI:23062 CHEBI:3523 cellodextrin cellodextrin A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. quaternary ammonium ion A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which one (or more) of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen have been replaced with univalent organyl groups. The substituting carbon of the organyl group must not itself be directly attached to a heteroatom (thereby excluding protonated amides, hemiaminals, etc). ammonium ion derivative Compounds (NH4(+))Y(-) and derivatives, in which one or more of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent groups. ammonium compound Cations of structure R2C=N(+)R2. iminium ion The all-trans-stereoisomer of violaxanthin. CHEBI:22351 CHEBI:46568 CHEBI:9993 all-trans-violaxanthin CHEBI:35288 all-trans-violaxanthin carotenone carotenoic acid hexoside Any of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene. steroid hydroxy steroid Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. organonitrogen compound Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. Natural fatty acids commonly have a chain of 4 to 28 carbons (usually unbranched and even-numbered), which may be saturated or unsaturated. By extension, the term is sometimes used to embrace all acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acids. fatty acids CHEBI:13633 CHEBI:24024 CHEBI:4984 Codex::570 Europe::570 CHEBI:35366 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent. foam stabilizer, glazing agent. fatty acid fatty acid Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. CHEBI:25407 CHEBI:6984 CHEBI:35381 monosaccharide monosaccharide An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion monocalcium phosphate Codex::341(i) Europe::341 calcium dihydrogen phosphate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, firming agent, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent. calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Any glucoside in which the glycoside group is derived from D-glucose. D-glucoside CHEBI:35437 calcium difluoride calcium difluoride alkali metal salt Compounds of structure RSSR in which R and R' are organic groups. organic disulfide An addition compound contains two or more simpler compounds that can be packed in a definite ratio into a crystal. The term covers donor-acceptor complexes (adducts) and a variety of lattice compounds. addition compound An addition compound that contains water in weak chemical combination with another compound. hydrate aluminium salt carbon oxoacid Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. aromatic ether A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. secondary alcohol Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. dicarboxylic acid A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. ester carbohydrate sulfate Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. glycerolipid A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid. fatty acid ester Any anion of a tetracarboxylic acid formed by deprotonation of one or more carboxy groups. tetracarboxylic acid anion seco-steroid CHEBI:35828 arsenic(3+) arsenic(3+) Chebulinic acid CHEBI:3584 Chebulinic acid Any monocarboxylic acid which also contains a separate (alcoholic or phenolic) hydroxy substituent. hydroxy monocarboxylic acid imidazopyrimidine CHEBI:3594 chicoric acid chicoric acid A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring. sorbic acid Codex::200 Europe::200 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. sorbic acid Any amino acid carrying two amino groups. diamino acid A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are not adjacent to each other. bridged compound Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds. CHEBI:36005 docosahexaenoic acid docosahexaenoic acid Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. CHEBI:36006 icosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. omega-6 fatty acid ω−6 fatty acid CHEBI:36009 omega-6 fatty acid CHEBI:14840 CHEBI:8226 CHEBI:36011 pinosylvin pinosylvin An octadecenoic acid having a double bond at position 11; and which can occur in cis- or trans- configurations. CHEBI:36023 vaccenic acid vaccenic acid Any stilbenoid with at least one phenolic group. stilbenol CHEBI:36027 stilbenol Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids. benzoate ester A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. CHEBI:1380 CHEBI:16798 CHEBI:19879 CHEBI:20270 CHEBI:20272 CHEBI:41912 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:36062 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 CHEBI:36080 protein protein A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring. CHEBI:20348 CHEBI:20405 p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHEBI:36090 4-coumaric acid 4-coumaric acid CHEBI:36093 inorganic chloride inorganic chloride CHEBI:36094 organic chloride salt organic chloride salt A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside as the cationic counterpart. pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside chloride CHEBI:36122 pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside chloride Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). quinone A compound in which two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond. CHEBI:23844 CHEBI:4654 CHEBI:36233 disaccharide disaccharide A monoester of a dicarboxylic acid. dicarboxylic acid monoester A hydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4. It exists in cis and trans forms; the latter is the more common. CHEBI:36281 caffeic acid caffeic acid hexacyanoferrate(4-) salt hexacyanoferrate salt glycosyl alditol cyclic tetrapyrrole A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particle Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entity An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ion phosphorus oxoacid derivative phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives alkaline earth salt A coordination entity in which the central atom to which the ligands are attached comes from groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 of the periodic table. main-group coordination entity Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. carbonyl compound Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. organic oxo compound Any terpenoid derived from a triterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C30 skeleton of the parent triterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). CHEBI:27151 CHEBI:9748 CHEBI:36615 triterpenoid triterpenoid An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. CHEBI:36683 organochlorine compound organochlorine compound heterotricyclic compound CHEBI:20641 CHEBI:22992 CHEBI:36799 campestanol campestanol A salt formally resulting from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base. hydrochloride seco-cholestane seco-ergostane Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved. ring assembly Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 3. 3-hydroxy steroid hydroxy seco-steroid argon Codex::938 Europe::938 argon molecular entity A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. cation The stable isotope of nitrogen with relative atomic mass 14.003074. The most abundant (99.63 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring nitrogen. nitrogen-14 atom An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound vitamin B6 phosphate A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid. nucleotide flavin nucleotide ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate CHEBI:32593 CHEBI:34552 CHEBI:49494 CHEBI:37136 barium(2+) barium(2+) An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond. organoiodine compound A polysaccharide composed of glucose residues. CHEBI:24255 CHEBI:5392 CHEBI:37163 glucan glucan Glycans composed of a single type of monosaccharide residue. They are named by replacing the ending '-ose' of the sugar by '-an'. homopolysaccharide Polysaccharides composed of galactose residues. CHEBI:24134 CHEBI:5249 CHEBI:37165 galactan galactan Polysaccharides composed of xylose residues. CHEBI:10077 CHEBI:27335 CHEBI:37166 xylan xylan λ-carrageenan CHEBI:37167 lambda-carrageenan ι-carrageenan CHEBI:37168 iota-carrageenan organic hydride mononuclear parent hydride A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively. CHEBI:3718 cirsilineol cirsilineol titanium molecular entity CHEBI:37317 lanthanum(2+) lanthanum(2+) Any ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a ring. cyclic ether A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the pteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid units. folic acids A benzoate ester that is any ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) with an alcoholic or phenolic hydroxy group. gallate ester A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. heteroatomic molecular entity Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. halide A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. gamma-lactone trisodium phosphate Codex::339(iii) Europe::339 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antimicrobial synergist, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, stabilizer, sequestrant, texturizing agent. trisodium phosphate monosodium phosphate Codex::339(i) Europe::339 sodium dihydrogen phosphate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent. sodium dihydrogenphosphate sodium phosphates Codex::339 Europe::339 CHEBI:37586 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. sodium phosphate sodium phosphate An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. carboxamide A memeber of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside as the cationic counterpart. cyanidin 3-O-β-D-galactoside chloride CHEBI:37664 cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside chloride An aldohexose that is the C-2 epimer of glucose. CHEBI:14575 CHEBI:33930 CHEBI:37684 mannose mannose Any imide in which the acyl substituents are any two from carboacyl, sulfonyl and phosphoryl mixed diacylamine phosphoric ester A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. butane Codex::943a Europe::943a LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): propellant. butane sulfuric acid derivative phosphate salt A dye derived by condensation of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol (and derivatives) or m-aminophenol (and derivatives). xanthene dye Any carbohydrate sulfate that is a polysaccharide carrying at least one O-sulfo substituent. polysaccharide sulfate An aryl sulfate that is dopamine in which the phenolic hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a sulfo group. CHEBI:32705 CHEBI:34728 CHEBI:37946 dopamine 3-O-sulfate dopamine 3-O-sulfate benzothiazoles A spiro compound in which at least one of the cyclic components is an oxygen heterocyle. oxaspiro compound The stable isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 30.973762 and nuclear spin (1)/2. phosphorus-31 atom The stable isotope of sulfur with relative atomic mass 31.972071. The most abundant (95.02 atom percent) isotope of naturally occurring sulfur. sulfur-32 atom A macromolecule derived from one species of (real, implicit or hypothetical) monomer. homopolymer macromolecule A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanin cation as the cationic counterpart. CHEBI:38021 cyanin chloride cyanin chloride A compound composed of two or more pyrrole units. polypyrrole Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. organonitrogen heterocyclic compound Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. oxacycle organosulfur heterocyclic compound Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular addition of a hydroxy group to an aldehydic or ketonic carbonyl group. They are thus 1-oxacycloalkan-2-ols or unsaturated analogues. lactol CHEBI:3815 Further classification will be integrated for this class Collagen Collagen organic heteropolycyclic compound monocyclic heteroarene polycyclic heteroarene A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-taxifolin substituted by a alpha-L-rhamnosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. astilbin CHEBI:38200 astilbin magnesium tetrapyrrole Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. pyrrolidines An alpha-amino acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3. 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid A branched chain amino acid that consists of 3-methylpentanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid azabicycloalkane thiabicycloalkane Any organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogens (the diazine parent structure). diazines A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine substituted by at least one amino group and its derivatives. aminopyrimidine 1,3-thiazoles 1-benzopyran chromenone aminoalkylindole Any flavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives. flavans CHEBI:38672 flavans Any hydroxyflavone carrying four hydroxy substituents. tetrahydroxyflavone The simplest member of the class of flavans that is chromane substituted by a phenyl group at position 2. CHEBI:24039 CHEBI:36097 CHEBI:38691 flavan flavan Any flavonoid that is a salt containing flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium skeleton and its substituted derivatives together with an appropriate counterion. Aglycons of anthocyanins, they form a part of the large group of planr pigments. CHEBI:38695 anthocyanidin anthocyanidin Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins are water-souluble plant pigments that generally occur as acidic salts exhibiting bright colours. anthocyanins Codex::163 Europe::163 CHEBI:38697 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. anthocyanin anthocyanin An organic chloride salt of any anthocyanin. CHEBI:38698 anthocyanin chlorides anthocyanin chlorides CHEBI:38700 organic sodium salt organic sodium salt An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart. delphinidin chloride CHEBI:38701 delphinidin chloride CHEBI:38702 inorganic sodium salt inorganic sodium salt A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents. trihydroxyflavanone Member of the class of isoflavones bearing at least one hydroxy group. CHEBI:38755 hydroxyisoflavone hydroxyisoflavone Members of the class of isoflavones with at least one methoxy substituent. methoxyisoflavone CHEBI:38756 methoxyisoflavone Any isoflavonoid with a 3-aryl-1-benzopyran-4-one (3-aryl-4H-chromen-4-one) skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:24889 CHEBI:24894 CHEBI:38757 isoflavones isoflavones xanthenes tetraborate(2-) benzopteridine A complex in which one component (the host) forms a cavity or, in the case of a crystal, a crystal lattice containing spaces in the shape of long tunnels or channels in which molecular entities of a second chemical species (the guest) are located. There is no covalent bonding between guest and host, the attraction being generally due to van der Waals forces. inclusion compound Inclusion compound in which the guest molecule is in a cage formed by the host molecule or by a lattice of host molecules. clathrate compound A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. They are synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). high-density lipoprotein A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and low density (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of cholesterol esters and smaller amounts of triglycerides. The surface monolayer consists mostly of phospholipids, a single copy of apolipoprotein B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the liver. Excessive levels are associated with cardiovascular disease. low-density lipoprotein A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. CHEBI:3908 coumestrol coumestrol Any sulfur oxoacid derivative derived from sulfurous acid. sulfurous acid derivative Any polyamine that contains four amino groups. tetramine A 20-carbon dicarboxylic acid which is a diterpenoid and natural carotenoid. Found in the crocus flower, it has been administered as an anti-fatigue dietary supplement. crocetin CHEBI:3918 crocetin Any organic heteropolycyclic compound based on a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring fused with two benzene rings. dibenzopyran Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. straight-chain saturated fatty acid Cucurbitacin C CHEBI:3942 Cucurbitacin C A chromanol with a chroman-6-ol skeleton that is substituted at position 2 by a saturated or triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. tocol Any compound having a pyrimidine as part of its structure. pyrimidines Any azaalkane in which two or more carbons in the chain are replaced by nitrogen. polyazaalkane A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. curcumin Codex::100(i) Europe::100 CHEBI:3962 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. curcumin curcumin An anthocyanin cation that is cyanidin(1+) carrying two beta-D-glucosyl residues at positions 3 and 5. cyanin CHEBI:3978 cyanin A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5. CHEBI:39912 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid cyclic ketone An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration. CHEBI:40 (+)-pinoresinol (+)-pinoresinol Cyclokievitone CHEBI:4019 Cyclokievitone Cynaropicrin A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. CHEBI:2895 CHEBI:40963 astaxanthin CHEBI:40968 astaxanthin A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5. D-hexose A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine. CHEBI:1386 CHEBI:41936 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid CHEBI:41941 (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration. CHEBI:341 CHEBI:42105 CHEBI:43701 D-lactic acid CHEBI:42111 (R)-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid A tetracarboxylic acid anion formed by deprotonation of all four carboxy groups in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (calcium disodium edta) Codex::385 Europe::385 calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, colour retention agent, preservative, sequestrant. EDTA(4-) An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration. L-lactic acid CHEBI:422 (S)-lactic acid (S)-lactic acid A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic). CHEBI:42197 CHEBI:4307 CHEBI:86150 daidzin daidzein 7-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:42202 daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. CHEBI:42221 CHEBI:4782 CHEBI:42223 emodin emodin A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration. CHEBI:31029 CHEBI:42251 CHEBI:42255 (-)-epigallocatechin (-)-epigallocatechin A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. CHEBI:42438 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. CHEBI:42486 CHEBI:5076 CHEBI:42491 flavone flavone A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing fifteen-carbon atoms. CHEBI:39108 CHEBI:42502 CHEBI:42504 pentadecanoic acid pentadecanoic acid A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3' and 4'. CHEBI:42562 CHEBI:5064 fisetin CHEBI:42567 fisetin CHEBI:35965 CHEBI:42672 CHEBI:42680 (2-cis,6-cis)-farnesol (2-cis,6-cis)-farnesol Dalbergin CHEBI:4308 Dalbergin A tetracosenoic acid having a cis-double bond at position 15. CHEBI:44244 CHEBI:7526 nervonic acid CHEBI:44247 (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid A retinal in which the double bond alpha- to the aldehyde group has cis configuration, whilst the remaining acyclic double bonds have trans configuration. CHEBI:45487 13-cis-retinal 13-cis-retinal A member of the class of benzimidazoles carrying a 1,3-thiazol-4-yl substituent at position 2. A mainly post-harvest fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including Aspergillus, Botrytis, Cladosporium and Fusarium. thiabendazole Codex::233 Europe::233 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. thiabendazole A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. coenzyme Q10 A sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. CHEBI:67838 CHEBI:4629 diosgenin diosgenin A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of luteolin. It is a natural product isolated from citrus fruits which exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. CHEBI:4630 diosmetin diosmetin A disaccharide derivative that consists of diosmetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:4631 diosmin diosmin The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol. (S,S,S)-alpha-tocopherol A compound that contains two ketone functionalities. diketone nitrite salt In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral silicate mineral azaalkane carbonate salt Any molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages. dipeptide Any ether that contains more than one ether linkage. polyether Any ether carrying a hydroxy group at unspecified position. hydroxyether A hydroxyether compound containing more than one ether group. hydroxypolyether A polymer composed of repeating ethyleneoxy units. polyethylene glycol Codex::1521 Europe::1521 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antifoaming agent, carrier, emulsifier, glazing agent, plasticizer. poly(ethylene glycol) A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. CHEBI:18701 CHEBI:44679 pantothenic acid (b5) CHEBI:46905 (R)-pantothenic acid (R)-pantothenic acid Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring. tetrahydrofuranone A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. echinenone CHEBI:4746 echinenone Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. acetate ester CHEBI:4767 Further classification will be integrated for this class Elastin Elastin ammonium salt A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 5 and 8. While it is found in low concentrations in many vegetable oils, only cottonseed oil contains significant amounts. CHEBI:22855 CHEBI:35069 β-tocopherol CHEBI:47771 beta-tocopherol A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by a methyl group at position 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. delta-tocopherol CHEBI:23607 CHEBI:35080 Codex::309 Europe::309 delta-tocopherol δ-tocopherol tocopherol, delta-, synthetic CHEBI:47772 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. delta-tocopherol Any ester resulting from the condensation of one or more of the hydroxy groups of glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) with fatty acids. glyceride ureas cyclic polypyrrole Any member of the 'superclass' flavonoids whose skeleton is based on 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 2. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:13638 CHEBI:24044 CHEBI:5077 CHEBI:47916 flavonoid flavonoid A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-3 of the phenyl ring. m-coumaric, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid CHEBI:47925 3-coumaric acid 3-coumaric acid A simplest memebr of the class of aurones that is 1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one in which both hydrogens at position 2 are substituted by a benzylidene group (the Z-isomer). CHEBI:47964 aurone aurone Any hydroxyflavanone in which a hydroxy group is present at position 3 of the heterocyclic ring. CHEBI:24035 CHEBI:48037 CHEBI:48039 dihydroflavonols dihydroflavonols A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate CHEBI:4806 (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate sulfur oxide sulfamate ester calcium oxides A tetritol that is butane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 4. butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol Compounds of structure RSSR'. disulfide A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group. ethyl vanillin A hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. esculin CHEBI:4853 esculin A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. CHEBI:48607 lithium chloride lithium chloride Silicate minerals that contain aluminium, silicon, and oxygen, together with other ions. They are a major component of clay minerals. aluminosilicate mineral CHEBI:3290 CHEBI:48773 CHEBI:48775 cadmium(2+) cadmium(2+) CHEBI:23337 CHEBI:48827 CHEBI:48828 cobalt(2+) cobalt(2+) sulfite salt An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains a N atom and one S atom. thiazoles A hydrochloride obtained by combining thiamine chloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. thiamin hydrochloride CHEBI:49105 thiamine hydrochloride thiamine hydrochloride A phenylpropanoid formally derived from guaiacol with an allyl chain substituted para to the hydroxy group. It is a major component of clove essential oil, and exhibits antibacterial, analgesic and antioxidant properties. It has been widely used in dentistry to treat toothache and pulpitis. CHEBI:4917 eugenol eugenol 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities. CHEBI:65882 eupatilin CHEBI:4932 eupatilin CHEBI:30509 CHEBI:49409 CHEBI:49414 molybdenum(4+) molybdenum(4+) CHEBI:30510 CHEBI:49445 CHEBI:49446 molybdenum(6+) molybdenum(6+) An aluminium cation that has a charge of +3. CHEBI:29106 CHEBI:49469 CHEBI:49470 aluminium(3+) aluminium(3+) A cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. beta-cyclodextrin Codex::459 Europe::459 cyclodextrin, beta- LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): binder, carrier, stabilizer. beta-cyclodextrin CHEBI:33126 CHEBI:49546 CHEBI:49547 caesium(1+) caesium(1+) CHEBI:30143 CHEBI:49711 CHEBI:49713 lithium(1+) lithium(1+) A nickel cation in which the nickel carries a double positive charge. CHEBI:25517 CHEBI:49785 CHEBI:49786 nickel(2+) nickel(2+) CHEBI:30179 CHEBI:49804 CHEBI:49807 lead(2+) lead(2+) CHEBI:33495 CHEBI:49846 CHEBI:49847 rubidium(1+) rubidium(1+) CHEBI:30302 CHEBI:49866 CHEBI:49867 antimony(3+) antimony(3+) A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. organic amino compound An oligosaccharide comprising four monomeric monosaccharide units. tetrasaccharide A flavonoid oligomer that is obtained by the oxidative coupling of at least two units of aryl-substituted benzopyran rings or its substituted derivatives, resulting in the two ring systems being joined together by a single atom or bond. CHEBI:50128 biflavonoid biflavonoid A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 6 and 4'. CHEBI:50202 naringenin naringenin CHEBI:50205 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde A trihydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin having a prenyl group at position 8. CHEBI:50207 sophoraflavanone B sophoraflavanone B A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). retinol CHEBI:15037 CHEBI:26538 CHEBI:50211 retinol retinol Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration. (R)-rosmarinic acid CHEBI:50371 (R)-rosmarinic acid CHEBI:50394 organic potassium salt organic potassium salt A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'. CHEBI:33177 CHEBI:34315 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone CHEBI:50399 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. butenolide CHEBI:5054 Further classification will be integrated for this class Fibrin Fibrin A salt of the organic compound tartaric acid. tartrate salt An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. alkyl alcohol A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues. oligosaccharide CHEBI:25679 CHEBI:35319 CHEBI:7758 CHEBI:50699 LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of three to ten saccharide units (specifically dextrin). May be slightly sweet to the taste. oligosaccharide oligosaccharide The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4. CHEBI:5070 flavanone flavanone A salt of citric acid. citrate salt Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 3. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:50753 isoflavonoid isoflavonoid Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic molecular entity Flavoxanthin CHEBI:5087 Flavoxanthin A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role Systems consisting of two or more molecular entities held together by non-covalent interactions. non-covalently-bound molecular entity CHEBI:50985 sodium borohydride sodium borohydride A cyclic compound containing nine or more atoms as part of the cyclic system. macrocycle CHEBI:51031 organic calcium salt organic calcium salt organic halide salt nitrate salt CHEBI:51084 inorganic nitrate salt inorganic nitrate salt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role nitrogen Codex::941 Europe::941 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): packaging gas, propellant. nitrogen molecular entity Any member of the class of xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton. CHEBI:51149 xanthones xanthones magnesium halide Sulfate salts where the cation is a metal ion. metal sulfate erythorbic acid Codex::315 Europe::315 erythorbic acid (isoascorbic acid) LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. D-isoascorbic acid A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with the amino group of an amino acid. N-acyl-amino acid Compounds containing a biotin (5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid) skeleton. biotins Any aromatic ether that consists of a benzene skeleton substituted with one or more methoxy groups. methoxybenzenes An alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) in which the C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. enone A ketone of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-C(=O)R(4) (R(4) =/= H) or R(1)C#C-C(=O)R(2) (R(2) =/= H) in which the ketonic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone Fucofuroeckol B CHEBI:5180 Fucofuroeckol B An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. CHEBI:67925 fucoxanthin CHEBI:5186 fucoxanthin A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). phenolic ketone CHEBI:51867 methyl ketone methyl ketone organic polycyclic compound organic tricyclic compound physiological role An organosulfur compound with the general formula R-N=C=S. CHEBI:183101 CHEBI:24927 CHEBI:24929 CHEBI:52221 isothiocyanate isothiocyanate Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent. 7-hydroxyflavonol A stable isotope of selenium with relative atomic mass 76.919915, 7.60 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. selenium-77 atom CHEBI:52476 sodium phenolate sodium phenolate A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells. galangin CHEBI:5262 galangin The stable isotope of iron with relative atomic mass 56.935399, 2.1 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 1/2. iron-57 atom inorganic hydroxy compound A trimethoxyflavone that is the 3,5,7-trimethyl ether derivative of galangin. CHEBI:5263 galangin 3,5,7-trimethyl ether galangin 3,5,7-trimethyl ether The stable isotope of potassium with relative atomic mass 38.963707, 93.3 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. potassium-39 atom The stable isotope of sodium with relative atomic mass 22.989770, 100 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 3/2. sodium-23 atom The stable isotope of magnesium with relative atomic mass 24.985837, 10.0 atom percent natural abundance and nuclear spin 5/2. magnesium-25 atom A mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals such as domesticated cattle, chicken, pigs, and fish. LanguaL term definition: A protein extract or concentrate derived from collagen. gelatin A macromolecule composed of repeating alkane or substituted alkane units. poly(alkylene) macromolecule A macromolecule composed of ethane or substituted ethane units. polyethylene macromolecule A polymer composed of ethane units. poly(ethylene) A macromolecule composed of repeating -CHR-CH2- units. vinyl polymer macromolecule A polymer composed of repeating chloroethyl units. poly(vinyl chloride) A vinyl polymer composed of repeating -CH2-CR- units where R is a 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group. polyvinylpyrrolidone Codex::1201 Europe::1201 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bodying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizer. poly(vinylpyrrolidone) A polymer composed of repeating -CR2-CR2- units. poly(vinylidene) An aromatic primary alcohol that is benzyl alcohol substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5. CHEBI:5325 gentisyl alcohol gentisyl alcohol A polymer composed of repeating tetrafluoroethyl groups. poly(tetrafluoroethylene) The trisodium salt of citric acid. trisodium citrate Codex::331(iii) Europe::331 CHEBI:53258 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, emulsifier, sequestrant, stabilizer. sodium citrate sodium citrate A dihydroxyflavone that is the 5-deoxy-derivative of 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone (chrysoeriol). CHEBI:5326 geraldone geraldone Macromolecules composed of repeating substituted or unsubstituted ethylbenzene units. polystyrene macromolecule A polymer composed of repeating ethyl benzene groups. poly(styrene) Geraniin CHEBI:5328 Geraniin A macromolecule derived from two or more species of monomer. copolymer macromolecule A copolymer macromolecule composed of homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked homopolymeric blocks of 1->4-linked sodium beta-D-mannuronate and sodium alpha-L-guluronate residues, covalently linked together in different sequences or blocks. The sodium salt of alginic acid. sodium alginate Codex::401 Europe::401 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, carrier, emulsifier, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener. sodium alginate Any fatty acid containing at least one C=C double bond. olefinic fatty acid Any poly(ethylene glycol) derivative composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan [2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol] normally containing a total of 20 oxyethylene groups, with one or more of the terminal hydroxy groups esterified with a fatty acyl group. They are used as emulsifiers and dispersing agents in some pharmaceuticals products and as defoamers and emulsifiers in some foods. polysorbate A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a palmitoyl group. polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) sorbitan monopalmitate Codex::434 Codex::495 Europe::434 Europe::495 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier. polysorbate 40 A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a dodecanoyl group. polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) sorbitan monolaurate Codex::432 Codex::493 Europe::432 Europe::493 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier, stabilizer. polysorbate 20 A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a stearate group. polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) sorbitan monostearate Codex::435 Codex::491 Europe::435 Europe::491 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier. polysorbate 60 A polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by an oleoyl group. polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) sorbitan monooleate Codex::433 Codex::494 Europe::433 Europe::494 polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): dispersing agent, emulsifier, stabilizer. polysorbate 80 A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan compound formed by methylating cellulose through exposure to NaOH/CH3Cl. methyl cellulose Codex::461 Europe::461 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, coating agent, emulsifier, glazing agent, stabilizer, thickener. methyl cellulose An icosatrienoic acid having three cis- double bonds at positions 11, 14 and 17. eicosatrienoic acid CHEBI:53460 all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. CHEBI:43587 homo-gamma-linolenic acid CHEBI:53486 all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid A polymer compose of repeating propane-1,2-diyl units. poly(propylene) A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2. quinoline yellow Codex::104 Europe::104 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. quinoline yellow A thia-alkylglucosinolate that has a 5-(methylsulfanyl)pentyl side chain attached to the sulfonated oxime group. glucoberteroin(1-) CHEBI:5396 glucoberteroin(1-) An alkylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of glucocapparin. CHEBI:5399 glucocapparin(1-) glucocapparin(1-) An alkylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of glucocochlearin. glucocochlearin(1-) CHEBI:5402 glucocochlearin(1-) A thia-alkylglucosinolate that has a 4-(methylsulfanyl)butyl side chain attached to the sulfonated oxime group. CHEBI:5404 glucoerucin(1-) glucoerucin(1-) A thia-alkylglucosinolate resulting from the removal of the proton of the hydrogen sulfate group of glucoiberverin. CHEBI:5407 glucoiberverin(1-) glucoiberverin(1-) An alkenylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of gluconapin. gluconapin(1-) CHEBI:5411 gluconapin(1-) A glucosinolate that is glucobrassicanapin which has been hydroxylated at the 3-position of the hex-5-enimidoyl chain. CHEBI:5412 gluconapoleiferin(1-) gluconapoleiferin(1-) A aralkylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of gluconasturtiin. CHEBI:5413 gluconasturtiin(1-) gluconasturtiin(1-) A alkylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of glucoputranjivin. glucoputranjivin(1-) CHEBI:5414 glucoputranjivin(1-) A glucosinolate resulting from the removal of the proton from the oxime hydrogen sulfate group of glucoraphenin. glucoraphenin(1-) CHEBI:5416 glucoraphenin(1-) glucosamine A benzothiazole consisting of a benzene ring fused to an isothiazole. 1,2-benzisothiazole An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. harman CHEBI:5623 harman A compound having the general formula RR'C(OH)OR'' (R'' =/= H). hemiacetal A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. heterocyclic compound A dicarboxylic acid anion arising from deprotonation of both carboxylic acid functions of (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid. CHEBI:57455 (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate hordenine CHEBI:5764 hordenine An optically active cyclic ketone consisting of 3,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one bearing two 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl substituents at positions 4 and 6 as well as a 3-methylbutanoyl group at the 2-position. humulone CHEBI:5769 humulone A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1. CHEBI:2517 CHEBI:583079 agrimoniin CHEBI:581177 agrimoniin A flavanone glycoside that is hesperitin having an 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group. CHEBI:7504 CHEBI:59016 neohesperidin neohesperidin Ineketone CHEBI:5920 Ineketone Any fatty acid whose skeletal carbon atoms form an unbranched open chain. straight-chain fatty acid Any salt prepared using acetic acid as the acid component. acetate salt A straight-chain, monounsaturated, 16-carbon fatty acid with a trans-double bond at position C-9; the trans-isomer of palmitoleic acid and predominant trans-16:1 isomer in cheeses from goat and ewe milk. Major dietary sources are partly hydrogenated vegetable oils. CHEBI:59265 palmitelaidic acid palmitelaidic acid Any member of the sub-set of polyunsaturated fatty acid for which there is an absolute dietary requirement. essential fatty acid Any fatty acid with a chain length of between C6 and C12. medium-chain fatty acid An iminium ion that is a dark bluish synthetic dye used as a food colouring agent patent blue v Codex::131 Europe::131 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. patent blue V Compounds containing one or more phosphoric acid units. phosphoric acids A hydroxyisoflavone that is 6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4'. irilone CHEBI:5970 irilone Irisolidone CHEBI:5972 Irisolidone Hydroxy boron compounds of general formula BxOyHz. boric acids An organooxygen compound having the structure RR'C(OR'')(OR''') (R'', R''' =/= H). Mixed acetals have R'' and R''' groups which differ. acetal A hemiacetal having the structure RR(1)C(OH)OR(2) (R, R(1), R(2) =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. hemiketal An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals. ketal A ketal in the molecule of which the ketal carbon and one or both oxygen atoms thereon are members of a ring. cyclic ketal A hemiacetal having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals. cyclic hemiketal Isobetanin CHEBI:5985 Isobetanin Isocaryophyllene The 3',5'-di-O-methyl ether of tricetin. Known commonly as tricin, it is a constituent of rice bran and has been found to potently inhibit colon cancer cell growth. CHEBI:9694 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin CHEBI:59979 3',5'-di-O-methyltricetin A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chemical substance A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. mixed mixture A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. polymer An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. CHEBI:60479 lysophosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylcholine A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group. isorhamnetin CHEBI:6052 isorhamnetin The selenium ion with two positive charges. CHEBI:60871 selenium(2+) selenium(2+) Any amino sugar that is a monosaccharide in which one alcoholic hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group. amino monosaccharide A glucoside in which the anomeric carbon of the glycosidic bond is in an alpha configuration alpha-glucoside A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol. kaempferide CHEBI:6099 kaempferide Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. nucleobase-containing molecular entity Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds. CHEBI:61204 docosapentaenoic acid docosapentaenoic acid Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides in plant cell walls that have beta-(1->4)-linked backbones with an equatorial configuration. Hemicelluloses include xyloglucans, xylans, mannans and glucomannans, and beta-(1->3,1->4)-glucans. Damion Dooley 2019-06-19T23:09:03Z mucilage added CHEBI:61266 hemicellulose hemicellulose hemicellulose A polymer, composed of polysiloxane macromolecules. polysiloxane polymer A polysiloxane polymer, composed of silicone macromolecules. silicone polymer A silicone polymer, composed of polydimethylsiloxane macromolecules. polydimethylsiloxane polymer A polydimethylsiloxane polymer, composed of dimethicone macromolecules. dimethyl polysiloxane Codex::900a Europe::900 polydimethylsiloxane LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): anticaking agent, antifoaming agent, emulsifier. dimethicone polymer Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid. fatty acid derivative A carbobicyclic compound and sesquiterpene that is 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene which is substituted a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 3 and by methyl groups at positions 4a and 5 (the 3R,4aS,5R- diastereoisomer). CHEBI:61700 (+)-valencene (+)-valencene The five-membered ring form of L-arabinose. CHEBI:6178 L-arabinofuranose L-arabinofuranose A lipid-rich mixture containing glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and other components. lecithins Codex::322 Europe::322 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. lecithin A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from deprotonation of one or more oxoacid OH groups of any polysaccharide acid. polysaccharide acid oxoanion An acyclic psi,psi-carotene having cis double bonds at C-7, -7', -9 and -9'. cis-lycopene CHEBI:62466 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system. aromatic ester An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. ammonium sulphate Codex::517 Europe::517 ammonium sulfate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flour treatment agent, stabilizer. ammonium sulfate An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of formic acid. CHEBI:62965 sodium formate sodium formate A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in amorphous form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages. CHEBI:62967 amorphous cellulose amorphous cellulose A (1->4)-beta-D-glucan (cellulose) in crystalline form with a structure consisting of several hundred to over ten thousand D-glucose residues joined by beta(1->4) glycosidic linkages. crystalline cellulose An acetate salt in which the cationic component is zinc(2+). zinc acetate Codex::650 Europe::650 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer. zinc acetate The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium. sodium nitrate Codex::251 Europe::251 CHEBI:63005 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative. sodium nitrate sodium nitrate The organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of L-tartaric acid. disodium tartrate Codex::335(ii) Europe::335 sodium l(+)-tartrate CHEBI:63017 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer. sodium L-tartrate sodium L-tartrate The potassium salt of L-tartaric acid. dipotassium tartrate Codex::336(ii) Europe::336 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer. potassium L-tartrate The organic sodium and potassium salt of L-tartaric acid (mol ratio 1:1:1). sodium potassium tartrate Codex::337 Europe::337 potassium sodium l(+)-tartrate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, sequestrant, stabilizer. potassium sodium L-tartrate A potassium salt in which dihydrogen phosphate(1-) is the counterion. monopotassium phosphate Codex::340(i) Europe::340 potassium dihydrogen phosphate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, buffer, emulsifier, humectant, moisture-retention agent, sequestrant, stabilizer, texturizing agent. potassium dihydrogen phosphate A citrate salt in which all three carboxy groups are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations. triammonium citrate Codex::380 Europe::380 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. triammonium citrate The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium. potassium nitrate Codex::252 Europe::252 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative. potassium nitrate An organic cation resulting from protonation or quaternisation at the 3-position of any 1,3-thiazole. 1,3-thiazolium cation A carbohydrate derivative arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to an oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulfur atom of a separate entity. glycosyl compound Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. carbohydrate derivative The potassium salt of formic acid. CHEBI:63316 potassium formate potassium formate A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide. disaccharide derivative A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide. monosaccharide derivative A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose. pentose derivative A carboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of a carbohydrate acid derivative. carbohydrate acid derivative anion A tunaxanthin that consists of epsilon,epsilon-carotene bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S,6S,6'S-diastereomer). lactucaxanthin CHEBI:6357 lactucaxanthin A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. CHEBI:302765 CHEBI:6359 lactulose lactulose Lactupicrin A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3. 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid CHEBI:63798 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid Any lactone in which the cyclic carboxylic ester group forms a part of a cyclic macromolecule. macrocyclic lactone An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid. monosodium glutamate Codex::621 Europe::621 monosodium l-glutamate msg sodium glutamate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer. monosodium glutamate An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond. biaryl A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2. CHEBI:64482 phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylcholine A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. CHEBI:25037 CHEBI:6457 lignin lignin An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). one-carbon compound Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. CHEBI:64709 organic acid organic acid A clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. lipoprotein An indolylmethylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of glucobrassicin, obtained by deprotonation of the sulfo group. glucobrassicin(1-) CHEBI:64962 glucobrassicin(1-) An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration. CHEBI:65004 (-)-secoisolariciresinol (-)-secoisolariciresinol A carbohydrate derivative that is any derivative of a polysaccharide. polysaccharide derivative An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches. CHEBI:65242 sodium chlorate sodium chlorate A carotenol, the structure of which is (6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene hydroxy-substituted at C-3 with R-stereochemistry. zeinoxanthin CHEBI:65244 zeinoxanthin Any xylose with D-configuration. CHEBI:65327 D-xylose D-xylose A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by beta-D-glucopyranosyl moieties at positions 6 and 8 respectively. lucenin-2 CHEBI:6553 lucenin-2 An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11 and 12 and a carboxy group at position 20. It is isolated from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and common sage (Salvia officinalis) and exhibits anti-angiogenic, antineoplastic, antioxidant and anti-HIV activity. CHEBI:65585 carnosic acid carnosic acid A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. It occurs in the skin of lupin seeds, as well as in the latex of fig trees and of rubber plants. It is also found in many edible fruits and vegetables. CHEBI:132397 CHEBI:6570 lupeol lupeol A beta-diketone that is curcumin in which one of the methoxy groups is replaced by hydrogen. It is found in Curcuma zedoaria and Etlingera elatior. CHEBI:65737 demethoxycurcumin demethoxycurcumin A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via glycosidic linkage. luteolin 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucoside) CHEBI:6579 luteolin 7-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) A carotenol that is carotenol psi,psi-carotene substituted by a hydroxy group. lycoxanthin CHEBI:6602 lycoxanthin A glycosyloxyflavone that is 6-hydroxyluteolin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Globularia cordifolia and Globularia alypum, it exhibits antioxidant activity. CHEBI:66046 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties. CHEBI:66103 jaceosidin jaceosidin A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells. CHEBI:66331 xanthohumol xanthohumol A magnesium salt comprising of two chlorine atoms bound to a magnesium atom. magnesium chloride Codex::511 Europe::511 CHEBI:6636 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent, firming agent, stabilizer. magnesium dichloride magnesium dichloride A quercetin O-glycoside that consists of quercetin attached to a beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl moiety at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Salvia and Phaseolus vulgaris, it exhibits antioxidant and antidepressant activities. miquelianin CHEBI:66395 miquelianin A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. malic acid Codex::296 Europe::296 malic acid, dl- CHEBI:6650 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. malic acid malic acid An anthocyanidin cation that is delphinidin carrying methyl substituents at positions 3' and 5'. CHEBI:6674 malvidin malvidin A flavanone glycoside that is 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone attached to a neohesperidose (alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranose) residue via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata and exhibits inhibitory activity against liopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. CHEBI:8332 poncirin CHEBI:66773 (2S)-poncirin (2S)-poncirin Any dicarboxylic acid that contains four carbon atoms. C4-dicarboxylic acid A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer). CHEBI:43819 CHEBI:65005 CHEBI:6698 (-)-matairesinol (-)-matairesinol Matricin A folate obtained by deprotonation of any tetrahydrofolic acid. CHEBI:67016 tetrahydrofolate tetrahydrofolate A carotenoid having the structure of beta-carotene but with a cis double bond at the 9,10-position. beta-carotene-cis 9-cis-β-carotene CHEBI:67188 9-cis-beta-carotene A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2R,3S,4S-diastereomer). (−)-lariciresinol CHEBI:67244 (-)-lariciresinol A lignan that is tetrahydrofuran substituted at positions 2, 3 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, hydroxymethyl and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups respectively (the 2S,3R,4R-diastereomer). CHEBI:67246 (+)-lariciresinol (+)-lariciresinol A diketone in which the two keto groups are separated by a single carbon atom. beta-diketone A member of the class of pterocarpans that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (+)-6a-hydroxymaackiain (the 6aR,12aR stereoisomer). A phytoalexin found in pods of garden peas (Pisum sativum) and other plants of the pea family, including Tephrosia candida. CHEBI:8250 CHEBI:67347 (+)-pisatin (+)-pisatin A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity. CHEBI:5836 quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside CHEBI:67486 quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is beta-amyrin in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group at position 28 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a plant metabolite found in olive oil as well as in Rhododendron ferrugineum and other Rhododendron species. erythrodiol CHEBI:67939 erythrodiol A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. CHEBI:67991 (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. hexamethylene tetramine Codex::239 Europe::239 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. hexamethylenetetramine A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. CHEBI:9379 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:68329 syringic acid syringic acid A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside CHEBI:68352 quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute. maltitol Codex::965(i) Europe::965 CHEBI:68428 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, emulsifier, humectant, sweetener, stabilizer. maltitol maltitol Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. azole A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the C-2 and C-6 positions. 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid CHEBI:68465 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid A proanthocyanidin found in Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. cinnamtannin B-1 CHEBI:69304 cinnamtannin B-1 A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis. CHEBI:7786 orobol CHEBI:69437 orobol CHEBI:7890 CHEBI:69581 Paeonol Paeonol A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity. CHEBI:7054 CHEBI:70082 myricitrin myricitrin CHEBI:70253 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin CHEBI:70254 3'-O-methylepicatechin 3'-O-methylepicatechin A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida. CHEBI:70255 (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate CHEBI:70256 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate Mutatochrome CHEBI:7037 Mutatochrome dehydro-gamma-tocopherol CHEBI:7044 Further classification will be integrated for this class myoglobin myoglobin An N-acylglycine that is hippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine) substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:70824 m-hydroxyhippuric acid m-hydroxyhippuric acid A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups. CHEBI:71045 bisdemethoxycurcumin bisdemethoxycurcumin An aryl sulfate that is quinol (hydroquinone) with one of the two hydroxy groups substituted by a sulfo group. CHEBI:71062 quinol sulfate quinol sulfate A type of tannin usually found in brown algae such as kelps and rockweeds. Unlike the hydrolysable or condensed tannins, these compounds are oligomers of phloroglucinol. CHEBI:71222 phlorotannin phlorotannin A a gallocatechin that has (2S,3R)-configuration. CHEBI:71225 (-)-gallocatechin (-)-gallocatechin Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution. CHEBI:71230 dihydrochalcones dihydrochalcones A homopolysaccharide derivative which is formally derived from a glucan. glucan derivative Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:71543 rotenoid rotenoid A type-A lantibiotic containing 34 amino acid residues (including lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha) and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb)) and five thioether bridges. It is obtained by fermentation of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and shows particular activity against Clostridium botulinum. It is used in the production of various processed foods to suppress Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and so extend shelf life. nisin Codex::234 Europe::234 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. nisin A class of peptide antibiotic characterised by the presence of the rare thioether amino acids lanthionine or methyllanthionine, as well as the unsaturated amino acids dehydroalanine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid. In contrast to classical peptide antibiotics, lantibiotics are synthesised from precursor genes using the ribosomal pathway and the characteristic rare amino acids are introduced by posttranslational modification procedues into the lantibiotic precursor peptides ('prepeptides'). Lantibiotics are subdivided into two types: type A have long, flexible structures, while type B have rigid, globular structures. lantibiotic Any lantibiotic which has which has a long, flexible structure. type A lantibiotic Any 1-benzopyran with an aryl substituent at position 4. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. CHEBI:71971 neoflavonoid neoflavonoid A member of the class of flavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups. CHEBI:24036 flavanols CHEBI:72010 hydroxyflavan hydroxyflavan Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them. CHEBI:72544 flavonoids flavonoids Any isoflavonoid with a 3,4-dihydro-3-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran skeleton and its substituted derivatives. CHEBI:72572 isoflavans isoflavans Members of the class of benzofurochromene with a 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. They are the 3,4-didehydroderivatives of pterocarpans. CHEBI:72577 coumestans coumestans A member of the class of coumestans that is 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene substituted by an oxo group at position 6. CHEBI:72578 coumestan coumestan A cyclic ketal in which the ketal carbon is the only common atom of two rings. spiroketal Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. organic molecule An HETE having a 9-hydroxy group and (5E)-, (7Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds. eicosatetraenoic acid CHEBI:72785 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid A biomacromolecule composed of carbohydrate residues which is secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment. exopolysaccharide A 20-carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid having two double bonds at unspecified positions. CHEBI:131419 eicosadienoic acid CHEBI:72850 icosadienoic acid icosadienoic acid The simplest member of the class of pterocarpans that is 6a,11a-dihydro-6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene. CHEBI:73033 pterocarpan pterocarpan Any polyunsaturated fatty acid that contains three double bonds. trienoic fatty acid An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi. CHEBI:73224 allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate A vitamin D that is calciol or its hydroxylated metabolites calcidiol and calcitriol. Calciol (also known as vitamin D3) acts as a hormone precursor, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. CHEBI:73558 D3 vitamins D3 vitamins An organic anion that is the conjugate base of genistein, obtained by selective deprotonation of the 7-hydroxy group. genistein(1−) CHEBI:74224 genistein(1-) A member of the class of isoflavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions. CHEBI:74630 glycosyloxyisoflavone glycosyloxyisoflavone Any inorganic sulfate salt resulting from the formal condensation of aluminium hydroxide with 1.5 mol eq. of sulfuric acid. aluminium sulphate Codex::520 Europe::520 aluminium sulfate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): firming agent. aluminium sulfate An anthocyanin cation that is the 3-O-beta-D-glucoside of peonidin (methylcyanidin). CHEBI:31977 peonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside CHEBI:74793 peonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside An anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside having cyanidin as the anthocyanidin component. cyanidin 3-O-β-D-sambubioside CHEBI:74811 cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside A macrolide antibiotic that has formula C33H47NO13, produced by several Streptomyces species including Streptomyces natalensis. It exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and used in eye drops, and as a food preservative, and also as a postharvest biofungicide for citrus and other fruit crops. natamycin Codex::235 Europe::235 natamycin (pimaricin) LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. natamycin A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6. CHEBI:34358 CHEBI:74957 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7. CHEBI:5753 CHEBI:74960 homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol Any oligosaccharide that has a biosynthetic pathway in common with that of raffinose. CHEBI:74961 raffinose family oligosaccharide raffinose family oligosaccharide A flavanone glycoside that is eriodictyol substituted by a 2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:7502 neoeriocitrin neoeriocitrin An anthocyanidin chloride that has peonidin as the cationic component. CHEBI:7987 CHEBI:75033 peonidin chloride peonidin chloride A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. CHEBI:3683 CHEBI:75095 chrysin chrysin Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 2 double bonds CHEBI:75115 docosadienoic acid docosadienoic acid An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion. sodium lactate Codex::325 Europe::325 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, antioxidant synergist, bodying agent, bulking agent, humectant. sodium lactate An inorganic sodium salt having bromate as the counterion. CHEBI:75229 sodium bromate sodium bromate An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium bearing four hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4', 5 and 7 as well as a methoxy substituent at position 3'. peonidin CHEBI:75314 peonidin An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium bearing five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 as well as a methoxy substituent at position 5'. petunidin CHEBI:75318 petunidin A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods. lactitol Codex::966 Europe::966 CHEBI:75323 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): emulsifier, sweetener, texturizing agent. lactitol lactitol A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 6' in alpha-configuration. Procyanidin B6 is isolated from leaves and fruit of cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea and other plants. It can also be found in grape seeds and in beer. CHEBI:75619 procyanidin B6 procyanidin B6 A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 6' in beta-configuration. It can be found in grape seeds, in Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) root and bark, in apple and in cacao. CHEBI:75621 procyanidin B5 procyanidin B5 A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho. CHEBI:75630 procyanidin B3 procyanidin B3 A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. CHEBI:75632 procyanidin B2 procyanidin B2 A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach. CHEBI:75633 procyanidin B1 procyanidin B1 A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages. CHEBI:75643 procyanidin C1 procyanidin C1 A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (+)-catechin trimer joined by two successive (4alpha->8)-linkages. CHEBI:75644 procyanidin C2 procyanidin C2 A kaempferol O-glucuronide that is kaempferol with a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3-position. kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide CHEBI:75721 kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide Any member of the group of eight water-soluble vitamins originally thought to be a single compound (vitamin B) that play important roles in cell metabolism. The group comprises of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12 (Around 20 other compounds were once thought to be B vitamins but are no longer classified as such). CHEBI:75769 B vitamin B vitamin A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. ferrous sulfate CHEBI:75832 iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'. quercetin 4ʼ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside CHEBI:75839 quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6. CHEBI:5732 CHEBI:75902 hispidulin hispidulin A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively. CHEBI:7602 nobiletin nobiletin Nobilin nomilin CHEBI:7609 nomilin A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer). CHEBI:76125 (+)-epicatechin (+)-epicatechin A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin. CHEBI:76132 (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate A benzofuran-derived stilbenoid that is a homotrimer obtained by cyclotrimerisation of resveratrol. CHEBI:76193 (E)-trans-miyabenol C (E)-trans-miyabenol C A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. aromatic ketone Norbixin CHEBI:7623 Norbixin A mixture of 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Is is used as an antioxidant and preservative in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber and petroleum products. butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) Codex::320 Europe::320 butylated hydroxyanisole LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. butylated hydroxyanisole A glycerol compound having one of three possible substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at each of the three possible positions sn-1, sn-2 or sn-3. has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754), children: triglyceride (CHEBI:17855). Parent: is_a glycerolipid (CHEBI:35741) triradylglycerol Obacunone CHEBI:7713 Obacunone A monohydroxycinnamic acid that is cinnamic acid in which the phenyl hydrogens at positions 3, 4, and 5 are replaced by methoxy, hydroxy, and methoxy groups, respectively. 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHEBI:77131 sinapic acid sinapic acid A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. ginsenoside Rg2 CHEBI:77151 ginsenoside Rg2 A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. ginsenoside Rb2 CHEBI:77152 ginsenoside Rb2 A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. CHEBI:77154 ginsenoside Rc ginsenoside Rc A very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is tetracosanoic acid having six double bonds located at positions 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 (the (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-isomer). CHEBI:77366 (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoic acid A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. CHEBI:77635 calcium phosphate calcium phosphate A flavonoid oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the 5-hydroxy group of luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside(1−) CHEBI:77791 luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside(1-) A potassium salt having sorbate as the counterion. potassium sorbate Codex::202 Europe::202 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. potassium sorbate A hydrate that is tin dichloride (anh.) combined with 2 mol eq. of water. stannous chloride Codex::512 Europe::512 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, colour retention agent. tin(II) chloride dihydrate A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. food component role food component Any minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects. environmental contaminant Any unwanted chemical in food. The term includes agrochemicals and industrial chemicals that may contaminate foodstuffs during their production, transportation or storage. environmental food contaminant A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. lactic acid Codex::270 Europe::270 lactic acid lactic acid, l-, d- and dl- CHEBI:78320 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator. 2-hydroxypropanoic acid 2-hydroxypropanoic acid Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives A linear tetrasaccharide comprising three L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose residues and a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (2-keto-3-deoxy-alpha-D-mannooctanoic acid, alpha-Kdo) residue in a (1->7), (1->3), (1->5) sequence. L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->7)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->3)-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1->5)-alpha-Kdo A tannin that yields gallic or ellagic acids upon acid hydrolysis. CHEBI:78689 hydrolysable tannin hydrolysable tannin A family of plant metabolites with a common 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, carrying various substituents. They are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species. diarylheptanoid CHEBI:78802 diarylheptanoid Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. olefinic compound An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. sodium nitrite Codex::250 Europe::250 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour fixative, preservative. sodium nitrite paeoniflorin CHEBI:7889 paeoniflorin A monocarboxylic acid in which the carbon of the carboxy group is directly attached to a C=C or C#C bond. alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid pantothenic acid vitamin B5 An alkenylglucosinolic acid that consists of 1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose having a 4-[(sulfooxy)imino]but-1-en-4-yl group attached to the anomeric sulfur. CHEBI:79317 sinigrin sinigrin A benzoate ester that is an ester of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. 4-hydroxybenzoate ester Pedunculagin CHEBI:7948 Pedunculagin A tetramethoxyflavone that is tangeretin in which the methoxy group at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:79628 gardenin B gardenin B delta7-avenasterol delta7-avenasterol true A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a 6-O-(carboxyacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:80371 malonyldaidzin malonyldaidzin A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is genistin in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 6'' has been replaced by a malonyl group. CHEBI:133338 CHEBI:80372 malonylgenistin malonylgenistin A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6, a hydroxy group at position 4' and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at position 7. CHEBI:80373 glycitin glycitin A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is glycitin substituted by a malonyl group at position 6''. CHEBI:80374 malonylglycitin malonylglycitin CHEBI:80438 Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside Tulipanin CHEBI:80441 Tulipanin Phaseoloside D CHEBI:8046 Phaseoloside D ferrous lactate Codex::585 Europe::585 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour retention agent. Ferrous lactate An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is phloretin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 2' via a glycosidic linkage. CHEBI:8113 phlorizin phlorizin A proanthocyanidin isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. CHEBI:81227 cinnamtannin A2 cinnamtannin A2 A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively. CHEBI:81337 cirsimaritin cirsimaritin A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer). (+)-nootkatone CHEBI:81377 (+)-nootkatone CHEBI:81708 Sodium iodate Sodium iodate calcium propionate Codex::282 Europe::282 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): preservative. Calcium propionate Physalien CHEBI:8183 Physalien Physoperuvine CHEBI:8186 Physoperuvine A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab. potassium hydrogen carbonate Codex::501(ii) Europe::501 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer. potassium hydrogencarbonate The all-trans-isomer of phytoene. all-trans-phytoene CHEBI:8191 all-trans-phytoene Vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer brilliant blue fcf Codex::133 Europe::133 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. Brilliant Blue sodium cyclamate Codex::952(iv) Europe::952 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sweetener. Cyclamate Nylon 6 A mixture resulting from extraction from propolis. propolis extract A mixture of sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and carbohydrate components that is a by-product from sugar refinery. LanguaL term definition: Liquid product remaining after crystallization of sugar from sugar syrup; most molasses is made from sugar cane. molasses Any member of the class of xanthones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions. CHEBI:83231 xanthone glycoside xanthone glycoside A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6. acesulfame k Codex::950 Europe::950 acesulfame potassium LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener. acesulfame A dipeptide composed of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-aspartic acid and methyl L-phenylalanate units joined by a peptide linkage. neotame Codex::961 Europe::961 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): flavour enhancer, sweetener. Neotame is an artificial sweetener made by NutraSweet that is between 7,000 and 13,000 times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). Neotame was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for general use in July 2002, and has now been approved by the EU to become a classified E number (E961), but it is not yet widely used in food products. Neotame also is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand. It is assigned the International Numbering System (INS) food additive code 961. neotame A gallate ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the hydroxy group of octanol. octyl gallate Codex::311 Europe::311 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant. octyl gallate Prebetanin CHEBI:8367 Prebetanin Any derivative of a proteinogenic amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, or a side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. proteinogenic amino acid derivative Any of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration. proteinogenic amino acid Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. CHEBI:83820 non-proteinogenic amino acid non-proteinogenic amino acid Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. amino-acid derivative A proteinogenic amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of L-glutamic acid at the amino group or either of the carboxy groups, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of L-glutamic acid by a heteroatom. L-glutamic acid derivative Any stilbenol that is the monosulfate derivative of resveratrol. CHEBI:84048 resveratrol sulfate resveratrol sulfate Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose. pentose phosphate A linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin. CHEBI:84395 amylodextrin amylodextrin A xi-progoitrin(1-) that is the conjugate base of progoitrin. progoitrin(1−) CHEBI:8454 progoitrin(1-) An organic sodium salt having D-gluconate as the counterion. sodium gluconate Codex::576 Europe::576 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): sequestrant, stabilizer, thickener. sodium gluconate A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester in which the esterifying alcohol is an alkanol (in diagram, R = alkyl). Commonly used as preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. paraben A polysaccharide acid oxoanion produced by bacteria, which is used as a substitute for agar as gelling agent in various clinical bacteriological media. gellan gum Codex::418 Europe::418 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): stabilizer, thickener. gellan gum An amino-acid betaine that is trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen have been replaced by methyl groups. CHEBI:81 CHEBI:85533 trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline betaine trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline betaine A bismuth cation having a net electric charge of +3. CHEBI:85545 bismuth(3+) bismuth(3+) A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. prunetin CHEBI:8600 prunetin A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate. sodium tetraborate (borax) Europe::285 LanguaL term definition: Food additive. borax A stilbenol that consists of trans-stilbene bearing a hydroxy group at position 4 as well as two methoxy substituents at positions 3' and 5'. pterostilbene CHEBI:8630 pterostilbene A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is 3-hydroxypropanoic acid substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. CHEBI:86369 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid A metal sulfate composed of potassium, aluminium and sulfate ions in the ration 1:1:2. aluminium potassium sulphate Codex::522 Europe::522 aluminium potassium sulfate LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, stabilizer. potassium aluminium sulfate An inorganic sodium salt having sulfite as the counterion. sodium sulphite Codex::221 Europe::221 sodium sulfite LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): antioxidant, preservative. sodium sulfite Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties. antibiotic antifungal agent An organic aromatic compound that has been used as a fungicide. aromatic fungicide Compounds that contain a benzimidazole moiety as a key feature of their structure and which have been used as fungicides. benzimidazole fungicide Any antibiotic antifungal agent used to treat fungal infections in humans or animals. antibiotic antifungal drug An organoiodine compound that is the ring opened tautomer of fluorescein substituted at positions 2, 4, 5 and 7 by iodo groups. erythrosine Codex::127 Europe::127 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. erythrosin Any fatty acid ester in which the carboxylic acid component is lauric acid. dodecanoate ester Any organic amino compound that contains two or more amino groups. polyamine Any metal which causes the onset of an allergic reaction. metal allergen A rhaponticin in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. It possesses a range of pharmacological activities including antitumour, antiinflammatory, antilipemic and neuroprotective activities. CHEBI:8824 trans-rhaponticin trans-rhaponticin An aryl beta-D-glucoside that is 3-hydroxyphloretin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 2' is replaced by a 6-O-beta-D-xylosyl-beta-D-glucosyl group. CHEBI:88354 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosylglucoside 3-hydroxyphloretin 2'-O-xylosylglucoside A polyphenol composed of two molecules of ferulic acid joined by a bond between positions 8 and 5'. CHEBI:88363 8,5'-diferulic acid 8,5'-diferulic acid Rishitin CHEBI:8870 Rishitin A carotenol that is a natural xanthophyll pigment. It was formerly used as a food colourant (E161d), but approval for this purpose has been withdrawn throughout the European Union. rubixanthin CHEBI:8907 rubixanthin A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. CHEBI:89400 stigmastanol stigmastanol CHEBI:89634 Melanin Melanin A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration. CHEBI:18484 CHEBI:90 (-)-epicatechin (-)-epicatechin A member of the class of farnesyl phosphates that is the monophosphatr derivative of (2E,6E)-farnesol (2E,6E)-farnesyl monophosphate CHEBI:90236 (2E,6E)-farnesyl monophosphate lactucopicrin Sayanedine CHEBI:9045 Sayanedine Schisantherin A CHEBI:9048 Schisantherin A A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. scoparone CHEBI:9055 scoparone Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. CHEBI:9062 scutellarein scutellarein A mixed diacylamine resulting from the formal condensation of the nitrogen of a carboxamide with a sulphonic acid. N-sulfonylcarboxamide CHEBI:9127 Sesamolinol Sesamolinol Sinalbin CHEBI:9151 Sinalbin A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. CHEBI:9159 sinensetin sinensetin An alkenylglucosinolate that is the conjugate base of sinigrin. sinigrin(1-) CHEBI:9162 sinigrin(1-) A glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum). It is a trisccharide derivative of solanidine [(22beta)-solanid-5-en-3beta-ol]. solanine CHEBI:9188 solanine A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 22beta and 24-positions. soyasapogenol B CHEBI:9209 soyasapogenol B CHEBI:9210 Soyasaponin A1 Soyasaponin A1 A triterpenoid saponin that is composed of soyasapogenol B having an alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid moiety attached at the 3-position via a glycosidic linkage. soyasaponin I CHEBI:9211 soyasaponin I Spinasaponin A CHEBI:9228 Spinasaponin A CHEBI:9254 magnesium distearate magnesium distearate A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America. stevioside CHEBI:9271 stevioside CHEBI:9349 sulfonyldimethane sulfonyldimethane 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8. CHEBI:9400 tangeretin tangeretin An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring. tartrazine Codex::102 Europe::102 tartarzine LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): colour. tartrazine Tellimagrandin I CHEBI:9433 Tellimagrandin I Terminalin CHEBI:9454 Terminalin Theasaponin CHEBI:9517 Theasaponin A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea. theasinensin A CHEBI:9518 theasinensin A A gallate ester resulting from the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (5R)-hydroxy group of (-)-quinic acid (i.e. the hydroxy group on the same side of the cyclohexane ring as the carboxy group). theogallin CHEBI:9522 theogallin The (1S,4R,5R)-stereoisomer of alpha-thujone. (−)-α-thujone CHEBI:9577 (-)-alpha-thujone A steroid alkaloid that is tomatidine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is linked to lycotetraose, a tetrasaccharide composed of two units of D-glucose, one unit of D-xylose, and one unit of D-galactose. tomatine CHEBI:9630 tomatine Trachelogenin CHEBI:9647 Trachelogenin tricalcium phosphate Codex::341(iii) Europe::341 LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): acidity regulator, anticaking agent, buffer, clouding agent, firming agent, flour treatment agent, humectant, moisture-retention agent, raising agent, stabilizer, texturizing agent. tricalcium bis(phosphate) CHEBI:9698 Tricyclodehydroisohumulone Tricyclodehydroisohumulone A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. ursolic acid CHEBI:9908 ursolic acid A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CL and GO definitions of cell differ based on inclusive or exclusive of cell wall, etc. We struggled with this definition. We are worried about circularity. We also considered requiring the capability of metabolism. cell A material entity consisting of exactly one atomic nucleus and the electron(s) orbiting it. This atom is closely related to ChEBI's atom, but not exactly equivalent to. atom A material entity that consists of two or more atoms that are all connected via covalent bonds such that any atom can be transitively connected with any other atom. This molecular entity is different than ChEBI's 'molecular entity'. We would like to have cardinality restrictions on the logic, but there are some technical limitations. molecule A part of a multicellular organism that is a collection of cell components that are not all contained in one cell. gross anatomical part A material entity that is a maximal functionally integrated unit that develops from a program encoded in a genome 'Maximal functionally integrated unit' is intended to express unity, which Barry considers synonymous with BFO 'object'. Includes virus - we will later have a class for cellular organisms. organism A molecule that consists of nucleotides (unmodified nucleotide residues and/or modified nucleotide residues) linked by phosphodiester bonds or derivatives of such bonds. nucleic acid chain obsolete action specification true A complex of two or more molecular entities that are not covalently bound. complex of molecules A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification. planned process failed planned process characteristic A resinous mixture that honey bees produce by mixing saliva and beeswax with exudate gathered from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. propolis A process during which a living entity acquires or generates food and energy from a living, dead, or non-living entity. trophic process A trophic process during which a living entity acquires energy and generates biomass from non-living entities. autotrophy A trophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming another organism or organism part, living or dead. heterotrophy A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming nectar. nectivory A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from inorganic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. lithotrophy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living fungal material. fungivory A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from light. phototrophy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming living plant- or macro-algal material. herbivory A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming living metazoan (animal) material. carnivory A process during which two living entities engage in a close and long-term biological interaction. symbiosis A symbiotic process in which one participant gains benefits while the other participant is harmed. parasitism A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming detritus. detritivory A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by breaking down organic substances into simpler matter. decomposition A decomposition process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through extracellular digestion of decaying organic matter. saprotrophy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy through a symbiotic relationship with another organism. symbiotrophy A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming grasses, leaves, and other soft plant material. herbivorous grazing A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming seeds of a plant. seed predation A herbivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming twigs, leaves, and bark of trees and shrubs. herbivorous browsing A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming other animals while they are stil alive. Predation leads directly to the imminent death of the prey organism(s). predation A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming dead or decaying animal matter. scavenging A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. cannibalism A cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling while both are still in the uterus. intrauterine cannibalism An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming a less-developed sibling embryo while both are still in the uterus. adelphophagy An intrauterine cannibalistic process during which an embryo obtains food and energy by consuming less-developed sibling eggs while both are still in the uterus. oophagy A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming insects. insectivory A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming eggs. egg predation A predation process during which a group of predators cooperates to kill creatures larger than those they could overpower singly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predation#Social_predation social predation A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a very narrow range of food items, sometimes only one. monophagy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a few, very specific food items. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligophagy oligophagy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming a wide range of food items. polyphagy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming bacteria. bactivory A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by eating food off of a surface while slowly moving through the environment. grazing A symbiotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from another living entity via a close association. The entity providing the food and energy is harmed by this process. trophic parasitism A predation process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming snakes. ophiophagy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming hard organisms or hard parts of organisms. This can include plants, such as bamboo, animals with hard shells, such as corals, or the hard parts of organisms, such as bone. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durophagy durophagy A symbiotrophic process in which a bacterium provides chemically-derived energy and nutrients, often via the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, to a higher organism. chemosymbiosis A symbiotrophic process in which a photosynthetic organism provides energy and nutrients to a heterotrophic organism. photosymbiosis A trophic process during which a living entity acquires reducing equivalents from organic chemicals for use in biosynthesis or energy conservation via aerobic or anaerobic respiration. organotrophy A trophic process during which a living entity generates food from abiotic sources or through consumption of living or dead material, and captures energy from preformed molecules. chemotrophy A carnivorous process during which a living entity acquires food and energy from consuming blood. hematophagy A heterotrophic process during which a living entity acquires food and energy by consuming particles of organic matter that have settled to the bottom of a body of water deposit feeding An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. anthropogenic geographic feature A lentic water body which has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. ocean A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean. sea A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. lake A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. river A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. stream A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. well A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. spring A flowing body of water. watercourse A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. pond An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. wetland area A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. mangrove swamp An accumulation of water of varying size. water body A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. human construction A permanent walled and roofed construction. building An ecosystem which either 1) has its functions and composition determined by agricultural processes or entities or 2) is formed as the result of an agricultural land conversion process. agricultural ecosystem An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. farm A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. plain A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. beach A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. desert area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grassland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. woodland area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. forested area A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. area of tundra A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural field An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. plantation A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. solid astronomical body part A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. coastal wetland ecosystem A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. pasture The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. watershed A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. fish farm A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. fish hatchery Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. scrubland area A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. biome A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. terrestrial biome A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. marine biome A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. terrace A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. agricultural terrace Incorporated populated place. city An freshwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. freshwater biome An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. soil A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. slope Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. waste water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. liquid water Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. saline water Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. fresh water Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, sewage A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. aquatic biome wood Saline water which has has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and which has its composition and properties maintained through processes including hydrological cycling, continental weathering, porewater burial, mineral deposition, ion exchange reactions, and ecological processes. ocean water ditch water contaminated water Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. animal litter A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. shop A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade. food shop pond water A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. loam Soil which is part of an ecosystem used for agricultural activities. agricultural soil A portion of soil which is found in a garden. garden soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). waste material A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. silage Manure which is derived from the waste products of animals. Organic matter, mostly animal feces, that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. manure animal manure CC BY-SA 2.0 Adam Ward fresh animal manure A house used for sheltering non-human animals. animal house An animal house which is used to shelter cows. cow shed An animal house which is used to house pigs. piggery Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health. water potable water LanguaL term definition: Potable water. LanguaL curation note: Water is indexed as a food source if it is the only ingredient or if the product is a soft drink. drinking water grass silage A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured product Tap water is water supplied to a tap (valve). Its uses include drinking, washing, cooking, and the flushing of toilets https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water city water municipal water running water table water town water SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 tap water horse manure Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces. pig manure An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. industrial building A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. dairy A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms. manufacturing facility processing facility food processing building A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. bakery farmyard manure A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. brewery A product which is composed primarily of paper. paper product rye grass silage stable manure potato silage Soil which is derived from compost. compost soil A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. environmental environmental material Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. anthropogenic environmental material agricultural environmental material An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. mud A well which provides access to groundwater held in an aquifer. water well Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. sand A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ocean biome An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. particulate environmental material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. organic material A forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. forest biome A woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. woodland biome A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. shrubland biome A grassland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. grassland biome A desert ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. desert biome A tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. tundra biome A mangrove ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. mangrove biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. anthropogenic terrestrial biome A cropland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. cropland biome A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. rangeland biome A freshwater lake ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. freshwater lake biome A freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. freshwater river biome A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. environmental system Ice which is formed from water. water ice An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. anthropogenic environment An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. marine environment An unbroken expanse (as of ice) field OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. obsolete manufactured plastic true A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental zone A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. house Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. glass A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. wax Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. rainwater A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. manufactured cage A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. drylot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market feedlot A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. dense settlement A mass of water. water mass An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) area of barren land A material part of an astronomical body. astronomical body part geophysical entity An environmental material which is in a solid state. solid environmental material An environmental material which is in a liquid state. liquid environmental material An animal house which is only partially surrounded by a building envelope. open animal house An animal house which has a complete building envelope. closed animal house A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. animal cage A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. slaughterhouse abattoir A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. fish processing building A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. restaurant An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. sink fixture An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. environmental system determined by a quality An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. environmental system determined by an organism An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal-associated environment An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus environment associated with an animal part or small animal A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. metallic material An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. ecosystem Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. bovine dairy liquid manure Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. poultry manure Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. heat-treated animal manure Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. composted animal manure An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. ice An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. grassland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. wetland ecosystem A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. commercial building An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. forest An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. woodland ecosystem A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. vegetated area A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline water body An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. tundra ecosystem A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. fluid astronomical body part An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. desert ecosystem A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. compound astronomical body part An ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a water body. aquatic ecosystem marine ecosystem An aquatic ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a body of fresh water. freshwater ecosystem An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. terrestrial ecosystem A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. construction An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. anthropised ecosystem An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. human settlement A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. hatchery A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. surface landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. landform A freshwater ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater lake. freshwater lake ecosystem A freshwater stream ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater river. freshwater river ecosystem An terrestrial ecosystem which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. rangeland ecosystem A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). textile Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. contaminated animal feed A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. bone meal Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of plants. plant feed goat manure An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned. ash ash An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid environmental material A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. environmental system process Poultry manure made of chicken feces. chicken manure An animal house where fowl are kept. chicken house A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. hand tool A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. peeler A cow shed for baby cows/bulls. calf shed An animal house used for housing livestock. livestock house An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer. manure An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals. animal rescue shelter Fresh water which is harvested from cloud. cloud water A freshwater stream ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. freshwater stream biome An ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater stream. freshwater stream ecosystem A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. energy Energy which is realised through motion. kinetic energy Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. thermal energy An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. fungal structure A multicellular fungal structure composed of cells from more than one species. composite structure A spore-producing structure found in a Basidiomycete; formed when the terminal cell of a dikaryotic hyphal branch inflates and undergoes karyogamy and meiosis. basidium An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp. ascocarp-bound ascus The stalk or stem that supports the cap of a mushroom. A stipe is usually composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; in some species a stipe may be a single supporting hypha. stipe Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores. fruitbody A structure within, or at the surface of, which an ascus develops in Ascomycetes. ascocarp The structure on which spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies. pileus A multicellular anatomical structure that functions in the production of spores, which are directly borne upon or within sporogenous cells that form part of the sporophore. sporophore A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi. mycelium A large fruiting body that is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia and basidiospores. The basidiocarp is characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina, in which it is the site of karyogamy and meiosis. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples. basidiocarp An ascospore that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp. ascospore in ascocarp-bound ascus A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores. ascus An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp, and is usually derived from a single cell. free ascus An ascospore that is contained in a free ascus (i.e. not associated with an ascocarp). ascospore in free ascus A spore formed following meiosis. In some species, prospores formed by meiosis may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature. sexual spore A fungal structure that comprises a single cell. An individual cell is composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure. unicellular structure A spore produced by a fungus. A spore is a differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions. spore A thick-walled spore that forms in an ascus. Clusters of four or eight spores are formed in a single ascus following sexual reproduction; found in Ascomycetes. ascospore A thick-walled spore formed externally on extrusions of a basidium following sexual reproduction; found in Basidiomycetes. basidiospore A diploid spore with a thick, pigmented, sculpted cell wall, and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that is formed during growth in a plant host by some Basidiomycete species, including pathogenic smut (Ustilaginales) and rust (Pucciniales) fungi. teliospore A spore formed following one or more rounds of mitosis, without meiosis. asexual spore An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi. Conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm. conidium A conidium that has only one nucleus. mononucleate conidium A thin-walled spore that is formed in a uredinium and is the primary dispersal mode for rust-causing Basidiomycete fungi. urediniospore A mononucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections (sterigma) of a conidiophore head. conidium of conidiophore head The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is mononucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall. microconidium A macroconidium that has only one nucleus. mononucleate macroconidium A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus. mononucleate blastoconidium An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus. mononucleate arthroconidium A single cell that is in the vegetative growth stage of an organism's life cycle, in which metabolism and growth predominate, and is not undergoing sexual processes. vegetative cell A conidium that has more than one nucleus. multinucleate conidium A composite structure that forms the vegetative portion of a lichen; minimally composed of at least one fungal species (the mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont). lichen thallus A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus. multinucleate macroconidium A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus. multinucleate blastoconidium An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus. multinucleate arthroconidium The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong. macroconidium An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere. oospore A thick-walled, sexual, resting spore that forms in a zygosporangium; typical of Zygomycetes. zygospore A cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores. arthroconidium An oblong or round asexual reproductive spore formed specifically by budding. blastoconidium A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores known as conidia. conidiophore A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two-layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides. sterigma A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia. phialide A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation. metula A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci. cleistothecium A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium. Hulle cell The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae. conidiophore vesicle The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia. conidiophore stalk An asexual spore that is produced on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate. Oidia are borne a few at a time, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus. oidium A structure within which spores develop. sporangium A thick-walled structure that arises from a zygote formed by the fusion or conjugation of two hyphal branches, produces spores, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes. zygosporangium A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host. aeciospore A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes. aplanospore A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores. aecium A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A sorus is a cluster of sporangia; the telium is a pustule-like sorus that forms on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and produces teliospores. telium A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus, in which urediniospores are produced. uredinium A tubular structure that connects two individuals during conjugation, through which the transfer of genetic material can occur. The conjugation tube usually forms in response to pheromone. conjugation tube A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection, a structure that separates differing nuclei, which have been obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types, into distinct hyphal segments that are separated by septa (cross walls). clamp cell A structure produced in a dikaryotic hypha upon migration of the nuclei after mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. The clamp fuses to compartmentalize a nucleus within the subapical cell. Note: A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection is called a "clamp cell". fused clamp A structure that separates the nuclei within monokaryotic hyphae into distinct hyphal segments. Monokaryotic hyphae are produced during unisexual reproduction or hyphal development of a diploid, in contrast to dikaryotic hyphae which are produced by mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. unfused clamp A large, highly polyploid cell that has altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, and increased resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses relative to yeast-form cells of the same species. Identified in Cryptococcus neoformans, in which the morphological transition to Tina cell form enables the fungus to evade the immune system of a mammalian host. titan cell A forcibly discharged asexual spore. With fungi, most types of basidiospores formed on basidia are discharged into the air from the tips of sterigmata. ballistospore A binucleate cell observed in some fungi that forms when two compatible nuclei, each originating from one of the cells, pair off after plasmogamy and cohabit without karyogamy within a hyphal compartment. The nuclei divide synchronously and are passed in pairs to newer cells or hyphal tips, which are also binucleate. dikaryon The appendage or portion of a commensal or parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria may arise from intercellular hyphae, appressoria, or external hyphae. haustorium A large, thick-walled resting spore with condensed cytoplasm, formed within hyphae or at hyphal tips in several kinds of fungi. chlamydospore A long, branching filamentous structure formed by a vegetatively growing fungus. hypha A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter. pseudohypha A hypha that forms part of a mycelium. hypha in mycelium A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, and that exists as part of a mycelium. septate hypha in mycelium A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted. rhizomorph A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted. mycelial cord A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed. stroma A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions. sclerotium A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. septate hypha A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures. aseptate hypha The growing end of a hypha. hyphal tip The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium. hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium A hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. aseptate hypha in mycelium The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. hyphal tip, septate hypha The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa in mycelium A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. hypha with dolipore septa The growing end of a hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. hyphal tip, aseptate hypha in mycelium The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls. hyphal tip, aseptate hypha A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones. mating cell An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles. shmoo A mass of hyphae, usually in wood or bark; visible with the naked eye. mycelial felt A composite structure formed by the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant. mycorrhiza A fruiting body formed by some cellular slime moulds; has a stalk and a spore mass. sorocarp A multinucleate plasmodium-like body formed by aggregation of myxamoebae without fusion of their protoplasm. pseudoplasmodium An invasive mycelium that forms within a solid or semi-solid substrate such as wood, soil or agar. substrate mycelium A mycelium that forms prior to sporulation and extends aerially, or perpendicular, to its substrate. aerial mycelium An open or expanded fruiting body that has asci contained on its exposed surface; found in lichens and actinomycetous fungi. apothecium An ascocarp that is composed of a loose network of mycelia through which ascospores filter and are released at maturity; its reproductive organs are in the form of naked asci. Found in fungi of the family Gymnoascaceae. gymnothecium A flask-shaped fruiting body that forms a pore for the escape of spores; found in some molds and ascomycetous fungi. perithecium An outgrowth produced by germinating spores in certain species of spore-releasing fungi. The germ tube differentiates, grows, and undergoes mitosis to create somatic hyphae. germ tube The nodule from which a mushroom develops. The primordium, less than two millimeters in diameter, resembles a pinhead, and is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a button. fungal primordium A very small sclerotium. microsclerotium A spherical fungal structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. A protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae, and develops into a perithecium. protoperithecium A fungal structure that comprises more than one cell. multicellular fungal structure A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single unicellular organism. multicellular fungal structure, unicellular organism A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single multicellular organism. multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism A modified hypha that forms a specialized structure used by a fungus to penetrate a target. The appressorium first presses against the substrate, usually with a flattened morphology, and then forms a penetration peg that enters the substrate via turgor pressure. Parasitic and mutualistic fungi use appressoria to enter host cells, and some saprotrophs can form appressoria to penetrate non-living substrates. appressorium A spore-producing structure that is formed following same-sex (self) mating. These structures are produced by Cryptococcus species in a manner similar to sexual mating except that the resulting spores are isogenic with the parental strain. monokaryotic fruitbody A specialized cell with an enlarged cell wall that develops from a hyphal cell in a septate mycelium and swells at the aerial terminus to form a conidiophore vesicle. The aerial portion of the foot cell forms the conidiophore stalk. conidiophore foot cell A short, thin, unbranched tubular structure that emerges from a conidium and grows towards, and then fuses with, a similar tube growing from another conidium or conidial germling. conidial anastomosis tube A large, round, thick-walled structure that contains endospores such as those produced by Coccidioides species within a host. spherule A fungal structure that develops during mating and contributes to sexual reproduction. sexual structure A hypha that emerges from a yeast-form cell upon stimulation by the pheromone of a compatible mating partner. An example is observed in Cryptococcus species. mating filament seed split seed mature seed immature 2020-09-24T23:47:52Z fruit multiple A draft data standard which includes optional facets or axes of food compositional database descriptors to describe a food item. This will be converted to a LinkML specification format. Damion Dooley food item specification A cattle bull is an adult "intact" (i.e. not castrated) male of a cattle species. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology 2019-02-21T03:01:03Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000119 bull cattle bull lobster tail food product A process of cutting food into smaller pieces, chunks or slices. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-01-15T09:29:58Z The term includes 'process' in order to distinguish from 'food cutting' as a noun. food cutting process Ground meat of unspecified animal (not fish). Damion Dooley gehakt ground meat mammalian meat (ground) Cereal Food Fines are a byproduct or left-over of breakfast cereal food processing. Usually the source is unknown and sometimes this product is used in low quality dog food. Damion Dooley fines cereal food fines (byproduct) Cereal Food Fines are a byproduct or left-over of breakfast cereal food processing. Usually the source is unknown and sometimes this product is used in low quality dog food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_food_fines Tortoises are a family, Testudinidae, of land-dwelling reptiles in the order Testudines. Damion Dooley https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg/640px-A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg tortoise A pea substance is a food substance derived from whole peas as a result of some food processing. Damion Dooley pea (whole or pieces) orange juice (liquid) Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. Damion Dooley Foodon product type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations. food product The juice products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave juice This food product type includes food products which are made from fermentation of juice extracted from pressed sugarcane. fermenting sugar cane juice fermenting elaeis palm sap food product A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. mammalian meat food product A processed meat food product that is made from a sausage. 2022-10-28T11:02:42Z meat sausage food product Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T23:00:48Z SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid with smooth consistency FOODON:03430119 * liver UBERON:0002107 liver paste https://madison.com/lifestyles/chicken-liver-paste-is-still-a-tasty-treat/article_2194b8cb-82b5-5112-9a97-0042571e90d1.html A hot dog is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. Damion Dooley hotdog frankfurter hot dog processed meat food product milk formula food product milk formula (powdered) Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese cheese cheese food product A dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Damion Dooley https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cacik-1.jpg/549px-Cacik-1.jpg yoghourt yoghurt yougert The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as yogurt cultures. The fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tart flavor. yogurt food product This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage cabbage food product commercial yogurt cheese starter culture The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. wort food product The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. Wikipedia:Wort_%28brewing%29 beer wort food product acifified beer wort food product A short cylinder of soft to semisoft blue cheese made with cow's milk. Bresse Blue Bleu de Bresse cheese A short cylinder of soft to semisoft blue cheese made with cow's milk. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=Bleu++de+Bresse&r=All Cream component produced by churning and containing not less than 80% milkfat. mammalian milk butter pickled cabbage food product camembert cheese food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301348 obsolete: cane sugar true cheddar cheese food product A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. Brie cheese food product A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=brie&r=All A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. gouda cheese food product A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=gouda&r=All A semi-hard, unripened, brined cheese made from a mixture of goat's and sheep's milk, and sometimes also cow's milk. It has a high melting point and so can easily be fried or grilled. Damion Dooley halloumi cheese food product Rainer Zenz A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. gorgonzola cheese food product A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=Gorgonzola&r=All A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." swiss cheese food product A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." Wikipedia:Swiss_cheese A semi-hard, yellow cheese that has mild flavor that is slightly buttery. Emmental cheese Emmentaler cheese emmenthal cheese A German sour milk cheese made from low fat curd cheese, which contains only about one percent fat and originates in the Harz mountain region south of Braunschweig. Harzerkaese harzer cheese food product A German sour milk cheese made from low fat curd cheese, which contains only about one percent fat and originates in the Harz mountain region south of Braunschweig. Wikipedia:Harzer new zealand cheddar cheese food product A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. pont ieveque cheese food product A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=Pont+l%27Eveque&r=All A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. vacherin mont dor cheese food product A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=vacherin+Mont+d%27Or&r=All A food product made from domestic pig meat (Sus domesticus or Sus scrofa scrofa). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork Damion Dooley pork pork meat food product A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. cured meat food product A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cured_meat A food product that is derived from some chicken meat. 2025-06-06T13:59:11Z chicken meat food product A food product that is derived from some cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z cow food product bovine milk beverage sheep milk ovine milk beverage caprine milk beverage A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. ice cream ice-cream ice cream food product A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. Wikipedia:Ice_cream A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. Some of the subclasses are currently freshwater organisms. Damion Dooley animal seafood product A fermented salty fish of Korean cuisine. obsolete: jeotgal food product true meshanger cheese food product A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. pork chop food product A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_chop A food product having tempeh as a defining ingredient Damion Dooley tempeh food product fermented rice beverage amasake food product fermented dairy food product fermented fish or seafood food product sea water fish food product A food product made from flour. Wikipedia:Flour Damion Dooley flour food product A food product derived from plant fruit. plant fruit food product fruit extract food product Apple juice is a fruit juice made by the maceration and pressing of an apple. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice apple juice SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * fruit, peel present, core, pit or seed present FOODON:03420140 apple juice awamori food product Any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly or back of a pig that may be cured and/or smoked. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon Damion Dooley bacon food product fermented millet food product bantu beer millet beer food product bottled beer food product A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * curd FOODON:03420245 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 * interior mold curing process FOODON:03460331 blue cheese food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blue_cheeses A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. Wikipedia:Blue_cheese bottled fruit food product The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. buttermilk food product The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. Wikipedia:Buttermilk obsolete: canned fruit food product true fermented fruit food product A food produced by fermenting rice, barley and/or soybeans, with salt and the mold koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae). Damion Dooley SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid FOODON:03430144 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 * fermentation/modification process, multiple component FOODON:03460128 * salted FOODON:03460173 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 * preservation by fermentation FOODON:03470104 miso food product A grape berry food product which is the juice of freshly pressed grapes that contains some amount of pulp, skins, stems, and seeds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must#Winemaking Grape pomace components typically comprises between 7 to 23 percent of the total weight of must. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must] grape must http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03311884 obsolete: yeast cake food product true A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. vinegar food product A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. Wikipedia:Vinegar Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. barley malt vinegar Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. Wikipedia:Malt_vinegar#Malt mammalian milk (nonfat, dry) Sake is a fermented rice beverage resulting from the fermentation of rice with the mold Aspergillus oryzae and, in parallel, with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [wikipedia:sake] sake food product salt pork meat food product A food product having fermented soyabeans as a defining ingredient fermented soybean food product Food material which is preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. pickled food (pickled) tape kefan food product A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. Bondon cheese food product A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=bondon&r=All bitter cheese food product sugar condiment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03420156 obsolete: brown sugar true evaporated milk food product A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. kefir food product A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. Wikipedia:Kefir A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. Damion Dooley vegetable oil food product An oil used as a nutritional supplement and is a traditional European ethnic food, highly regarded for its nutty flavor. 2019-09-19T21:51:42Z langual:H0852 flax oil flax seed oil linseed oil linseed oil Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, in the absence of oxygen, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil.[wikipedia] flaxseed oil A food product made from milling corn. milled corn food product sour milk beverage dried milk food product A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. Damion Dooley vertebrate animal food product cereal grain food product Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T07:25:19Z alcoholic beverage SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 fermented beverage fermented grape beverage fermented elaeis palm beverage fermented sugar cane beverage fermented apple fermented apple beverage apple beverage Damion Dooley 2019-06-20T07:47:47Z SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity FOODON:03430109 * acidified FOODON:03460200 * ingredient: water addition process FOODON:03460148 * ingredient: sweetener added FOODON:03460202 * ingredient: flavoring, spice or herb added FOODON:03460227 orange fruit beverage grape beverage fermented grain beverage This food product type includes beverage products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave beverage This food product type includes food products which are made from eggs laid by the sea water fish. sea water fish egg food product A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product camelid dairy food product bovine dairy food product buffalo dairy food product caprine dairy food product donkey dairy food product equine dairy food product ovine dairy food product yak dairy food product zebra dairy food product reindeer dairy food product water buffalo dairy food product horse dairy food product cattle dairy food product cervid dairy food product camelid milk beverage equine milk beverage cervid milk beverage cow milk beverage caprine cheese food product ovine cheese food product bovine cheese food product cow milk cheese A very strong smelling, soft cow's milk cheese made by fermentation involving the bacterium Brevibacterium linens. Limburger cheese food product goat milk cheese food product sheep milk cheese food product A food product made from domesticated bird meat. Damion Dooley poultry meat food product Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars. In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae Damion Dooley porcine meat swine food product A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment Damion Dooley condiment condiment bovine meat food product distilled fermented grain beverage distilled fermented beverage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002265 obsolete: soya food product true A beverage product derived from leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Damion Dooley "While fermentation is also referred to in the production of brewed teas, this is inaccurate. Some herbal teas on the market today include probiotic cultures alongside tea leaves to maintain gut health but the tea itself hasn't been fermented. Most dried teas however don't use live cultures at all during production. Instead, harvested tea leaves undergo a natural chemical process known as oxidation, which also changes the color, flavor and level of health benefits in the resulting brew." [https://eatcultured.com/blogs/our-awesome-blog/fermented-tea] tea based beverage product coffee and coffee products coffee based beverage product fruit juice food product 2023-05-03T04:59:00Z SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 wheat food product A food product deriving primarily from corn (maize). Damion Dooley maize food product maize (corn) food product A food product consisting of an edible fungi or mushroom or yeast. Damion Dooley fungus food product http://www.asmscience.org/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0030-2016 A fungus food product which has yeast as a defining ingredient. yeast food material A food product derived from one or more microorganisms including bacteria, mold, and yeast. Damion Dooley microbial food material tuber solanaceous root food product A food product derived from or produced by a plant root. plant root food product A potato food product is any product derived from potatoes. Damion Dooley potato food product Food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well. confectionery food cucurbit fruit food product A citrus fruit is botanically classified as a type of berry called a hesperidium that has a thick, leathery rind, with numerous oil glands, and a large flesh portion composed of several wedge-shaped sections. Unlike pome fruit, such as the apple, the citrus fruit is derived from a superior ovary, an ovary completely separate from the calyx. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hesperidium Damion Dooley citrus citrus fruit food product The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. melon fruit food product muskmelon (Cucumis melo) fruit food product Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its fruit. The subdivision of this species into two varieties, watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) var. lanatus) and citron melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.) Damion Dooley citrullus lanatus fruit food product obsolete: watermelon plant true citrus fruit juice pomaceous fruit juice beverage pomes pomaceous fruit food product fermented pomaceous fruit beverage pomaceous fruit extract citrus fruit extract food product grape extract solanaceous fruit food product A food product deriving from one or more tomatoes. tomato food product solanaceous food product plant inflorescence food product amaranthaceous food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001264 pulse obsolete: leguminous food product true cruciferous food product grape berry food product cruciferous inflorescence food product The default nut product is a whole, raw nut - meaning that the kernel is whole, and moderately or significantly dried, but not baked. Minimal references to nuts often leave ambiguous whether the shell is on or off. "I ate a peanut" doesn't clarify whether I ate a shell-off nut or whether I did the shelling. Damion Dooley nut food product plant seed food product plant lipid food product plant stem food product invertebrate animal food product A food product with insects as a defining ingredient. insect food product honey food product amaranthaceous inflorescence food product Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. prepared prepared food product Food material which is cooked. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking cooked food (cooked) pickled cruciferous food product A staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking bread food product This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. algal food material rice food product buckewheat food product sorghum food product misspelling http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002038 obsolete: milet food product true A food product made from oats. common oat food product oat food product rye food product barley food product A food product made from quinoa quinoa food product fonio food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume Damion Dooley dry pea food product A product of the dry seeds of Lens culinaris. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001997 obsolete: lentil food product true A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume pigeon pea (dried) A bambara groundnut food product is a product derived from fresh or dried beans of the bambara groundnut plant. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_subterranea Damion Dooley Bambara nut Bambara-bean Congo goober earth pea ground-bean hog-peanut bambara groundnut food product A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Vicia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume dried fava bean broad bean (dried) A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume garbanzo bean food product Bengal gram Egyptian pea gram chickpea food product A product of the dry seeds of Vigna unguiculata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume cowpea (pulse) food product A dry bean food product refers to a bean product made from a Phaseolus species plant whose seeds are harvested at complete maturity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris Damion Dooley kidney, haricot bean (Ph. vulgaris); lima, butter bean (Ph. lunatus); adzuki bean (Ph. angularis); mungo bean, golden, green gram (Ph. aureus); black gram, urd (Ph. mungo); scarlet runner bean (Ph. coccineus); rice bean (Ph. calcaratus); moth bean (Ph. aconitifolius); tepary bean (Ph. acutifolius) FAO notes: "Only species of Phaseolus should be included, though several countries also include certain types of beans. Commonly classified as Vigna (angularis, mungo, radiata, aconitifolia). In the past, these species were also classified as Phaseolus." dry bean food product http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 A bean food product which derives from a winged bean plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 winged bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. vetch seed (dried) Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jicama Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus Pachyrhizus in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. In contrast to the root, the remainder of the jícama plant is very poisonous; the seeds contain the toxin rotenone, which is used to poison insects and fish. FAO: The yam bean is a legume but unlike its close relatives the soybean and other beans, the yam bean is cultivated for its large, tuberous roots. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyrhizus_erosus Damion Dooley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume yam bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume velvet bean (dried) A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. lupin seed food product A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28legume%29 A dry seed of the jack-bean plant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume jack bean (dried) A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. hyacinth bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28legume%29 PULSES are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. They are used for both food and feed. The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 Damion Dooley pulse pulses pulse food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume#Classification_of_pulses wheat flour food product A food made from an unleavened dough of wheat or buckwheat flour and water, sometimes with other ingredients such as eggs and vegetable extracts. pasta food product A pastry food product is a food product containing a pastry component. The food may be ready for consumption or may require further cooking. pastry food product A pastry food product is a food product containing a pastry component. The food may be ready for consumption or may require further cooking. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry obsolete: baked food product true A confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. Damion Dooley candy food product A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. cocoa and cocoa products cacao food product A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. sweet cream cream food product A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. mammalian milk beverage An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk A food product with bees or bee substances as a defining ingredient. bee food product A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. sausage (cooked, smoked) A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage Sausage which is cured with a food smoking process. sausage (smoked) A raw sausage that is smoked. sausage (raw, smoked) A raw sausage that is smoked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage A sausage made from meats that have not been previously cured. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage sausage (raw) A cured sausage that is fermented and dried. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage Damion Dooley meat sausage (dried, fermented) A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked. Damion Dooley meat sausage (cooked) smoked meat food product A fruit product that has been prepared and canned or bottled for long term storage. The preparation of fruit preserves traditionally involves the use of pectin as a gelling agent, although sugar or honey may be used as well. fruit preserve or jam food product A fruit product that has been prepared and canned or bottled for long term storage. The preparation of fruit preserves traditionally involves the use of pectin as a gelling agent, although sugar or honey may be used as well. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_preserves A product made with whole fruit, cut into pieces or crushed. The fruit is heated with water and sugar to activate the pectin in the fruit. The mixture is then put into containers. jam food product A product made with whole fruit, cut into pieces or crushed. The fruit is heated with water and sugar to activate the pectin in the fruit. The mixture is then put into containers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_preserves#Jam A substance or mixture os substances used to coagulate milk in the manufacture of cheese. rennet food product A substance or mixture os substances used to coagulate milk in the manufacture of cheese. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet A cheese product made from traditional cheese and emulsifying salts, often with the addition of milk, more salt, preservatives, and food coloring. processed cheese food product A product made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). mustard seed food product A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. creamy salad dressing A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing#Dressings A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. vinaigrette dressing food product A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinaigrette nut oil food product A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. mayonnaise food product A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayonnaise A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. soy sauce food product A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce fresh sea water fish food product A natural complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach to digest the mother's milk, and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes, including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk, causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). natural (animal-derived) rennet food product A natural complex of enzymes produced in any mammalian stomach to digest the mother's milk, and is often used in the production of cheese. Rennet contains many enzymes, including a proteolytic enzyme (protease) that coagulates the milk, causing it to separate into solids (curds) and liquid (whey). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet A rennet that is an extract of a microorganism or fungus, such as Rhizomucor miehei. microbial rennet A rennet that is an extract of a microorganism or fungus, such as Rhizomucor miehei. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennet A rennet that is an extract of a plant. vegetable rennet food product A rennet made by the expression of cloned calf chymotrypsin genes in bacteria or yeast. rennet (genetically engineered) processed pork meat food product A food product that has some spice or herb as a defining ingredient. Damion Dooley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-16T10:14:35Z herb or spice spice or herb animal lipid food product A brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. Damion Dooley coffee beverage A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. Damion Dooley tea beverage (liquid) A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. hot chocolate food product A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_chocolate A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. mate food product A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerba_Mate A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). Damion Dooley fish food product freshwater fish food product fish egg food product A food product that is derived from some avian animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z avian animal food product animal derived beverage A beverage derived from plants. plant derived beverage plant derived fermented beverage nonfermented plant derived beverage product A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. Damion Dooley dairy product milk product dairy food product milk or milk based food product Food material which has been fermented. Are all fermented foods considered preserved to some extent? Damion Dooley food (fermented) non-fruit wine food product Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer beer beverage A plant food product which derives from one or more vegetables. FAO definition for vegetable: "Vegetables are plants cultivated both as field crops and garden crops, both in the open and under glass." and also: "Vegetables are grouped according to botanic characteristics as follows: leafy or stem vegetables (e.g., cabbage); fruit-bearing vegetables (e.g., melons); flower vegetables (e.g., cauliflowers); root, bulb and tuberous vegetables (e.g., onion); leguminous vegetables (e.g., green peas); other vegetables (e.g., green maize and mushrooms)." vegetable food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. botanical fruit food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&amp;uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1115 http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/c_3119 http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit Budu is a fish sauce and fermented seafood product. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 bu-du A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ legume legume food product buffalo milk beverage camel milk beverage donkey milk beverage horse milk beverage reindeer milk beverage water buffalo milk beverage yak milk beverage zebra milk beverage obsolete: spinach plant true A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Regarding American regulatory aspects of egg products, see this summary: https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/03/crazy-us-chicken-egg-regulation-graphic-000077 egg food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Wikipedia:Egg_%28food%29 An avian egg food product having chicken eggs or derivatives as a defining ingredient. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_as_food chicken egg food product Cider, hard apple cider, or hard cider in the US, is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider Damion Dooley cider apple cider (alcoholic) Orange juice that has not undergone pasteurization. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 orange juice (unpasteurized) A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. cake food product A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. Wikipedia:Cake cake icing food product chocolate food product A food involving whipped and cooked milk, sugar and egg yolk mixtures. sweet custard custard dessert food product Beef that has been ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_beef beef mince beef mince ground beef hamburger meat minced beef A ground beef product is made of beef that has been finely chopped with a knife or a meat grinder (American English) or mincing machine (British English). Ground beef is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti Bolognese. beef (ground) A food product that is derived from some poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z poultry food product duck meat food product goose meat food product A turkey meat food product is any food product made predominantly of turkey parts. Damion Dooley turkey meat food product obsolete: mushroom (whole organism) true Cantaloupe (also known as muskmelon (India and the United States), mushmelon, rockmelon (in Australian states and in New Zealand), sweet melon, spanspek (South Africa), or capuchin (Scotland) refers to a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Damion Dooley cantaloup muskmelon cantaloupe fruit food product potato salad food product A sauce for a salad. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing#Dressings salad dressing clam food product oyster food product shellfish food product goat milk cheese (unpasteurized) A family of hard Italian cheeses made from sheep milk. Damion Dooley pecorino cheese sheep milk cheese (unpasteurized) unpasteurized cow milk cheese food product unpasteurized camel milk beverage caprine milk beverage (raw) unpasteurized milk beverage Lasagne, or the singular lasagna, commonly refers to a culinary dish made with stacked layers of pasta alternated with sauces and ingredients such as meats, vegetables and cheese, and sometimes topped with melted grated cheese. Damion Dooley lasagna lasagne lasagne food product A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 food fermentation Hoi-dong is fermented sea mussel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 hoi-dong Fermented pickled onion in Thai cuisine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 Hom dong Ma kham dong is a kind of fermented fruit. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 ma kham dong Ma yom dong is a kind of fermented fruit. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 ma yom dong Pickles for tea in northern Thailand. Wrapped in sugar and eat directly. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 Miang Mum is a Thai traditional dry fermented sausage made from pork or beef with some ground innards, roasted rice, steamed rice, garlic, sugar, pepper, salt and filled into intestine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 mum Mum-khai-pla is fermented fish roe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 mum-khai-pla Mum-sai-pla is fermented fish intestines https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 mum-sai-pla Fermented fish in liquid form https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 nam-budu Fermented meat product is any product made primarily of meat subjected to a fermentation process. Damion Dooley fermented meat product Nham is a fermented meat in Thai cuisine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 nham Nham-pla are made from four kinds of fish, namely, striped catfish and nile tilapia from the fresh water fish and threadfin bream and barracuda from the marine fish. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 nham-pla Noi mai is a kind of pickled bamboo shoot. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 noa mai Noa mai dong is a kind of pickled bamboo shoot. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 Needs to be disambiguated from noa mai. noa mai dong Pak kard dong is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pak kard dong Pak kum dong is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pak kum dong Pak sean dong is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pak sean dong Pak sean and hua plee dong is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pak sean and hua plee dong Pak sean and makhua is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pak sean and makhua dong Fermented small fish. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam/44/3/44_3_193/_pdf/-char/en https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pla-chom Pla-jaw is a kind of fermented fish. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pla-jaw Pla-som is a kind of fermented fish. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pla-som Pu dong is a kind of fermented crab. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pu dong Fermented fish roe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 Needs to be disambiguated from mum-khai-pla som-khai-pla Mum-sai-pla is fermented fish entrails https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 tai-pla Tuaw jaew is a kind of fermented vegetable. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 tuaw jaew Pla ra is a traditional Thai seasoning produced by fermenting fish with rice bran or roasted rice powder and salt fermented in a closed container for at least six months. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 pla-ra Pla ra is a traditional Thai seasoning produced by fermenting fish with rice bran or roasted rice powder and salt fermented in a closed container for at least six months. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla_ra A rice powder derived from toasted rice. Toasted-rice powder is a common pantry ingredient in Northern Thai and Lao cuisines, made by slowly toasting raw sticky rice to a deep golden brown, then grinding it into a coarse powder using a mortar and pestle or spice grinder. [https://www.seriouseats.com/recipes/2019/05/toasted-rice-powder-recipe.html] rice powder (roasted) Blood meal is a dry, inert powder made from blood used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_meal Damion Dooley It is one of the highest non-synthetic sources of nitrogen. It usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product. N = 13.25%, P = 1.0%, K = 0.6%. SIREN DB annotation: * medium ground FOODON:03430117 * blood UBERON:0000178 * water removal process FOODON:03460138 * preservation by dehydration or drying FOODON:03470116 * animal as consumer FOODON:03510021 blood meal A pre-evisceration carcass is the carcass of a dead animal immediately following hide removal, before any antimicrobial applications and any part of the evisceration process has been performed. This is a material entity state within a butchery process. Gregory Harhay pre-evisceration carcass https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/30400510/protocols/USMARC%20Carcass%20Sampling%20Protocol.pdf A post-intervention carcass is a carcass that has had all antimicrobial intervention applied, been split in half along the backbone, and placed in a cooler, often referred to as the "hot box" cooler. Gregory Harhay post-evisceration carcass A cut of meat that is initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-6822 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z primal cut animal primal cut https://inspection.canada.ca/food-labels/labelling/industry/meat-and-poultry-products/wholesale-meat/eng/1420220732302/1420220804732 Food trimmings are the parts removed from the culinary trimming of unwanted or inedible parts (i.e. sinews, skin, fat etc.) from meat, fish poultry or vegetables. Trimmings are used for making stocks, soups and sauces. http://en.foodlexicon.org/p0000380.php Gregory Harhay trim trimmings food trimming High-moisture corn refers to corn harvested at 24 percent or greater moisture, stored and allowed to ferment in a silo or other storage structure, and used as feed for livestock. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/L062.aspx Gregory Harhay high moisture corn (food product) Rolled grain is grain has been mechanicallly crushed to separate the hull from the endosperm. Gregory Harhay rolled grain Corn stover consists of the leaves and stalks of maize (corn) (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) plants left in a field after harvest and consists of the residue: stalk; the leaf, husk, and cob remaining in the field following the harvest of cereal grain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_stover Gregory Harhay Such stover makes up about half of the yield of a corn crop and is similar to straw from other cereal grasses; in Britain it is sometimes called corn straw. corn stover Corn stubble are the stems of corn plants remaining in the ground after harvest. Gregory Harhay corn stubble The outer coverings of the cottonseed, known as cottonseed hulls, are removed from the cotton kernels before the oil is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonseed Gregory Harhay Cottonseed hulls serve as an excellent source of feed for the livestock as they contain about 8% of cotton linters which have nearly 100% cellulose in them. cottonseed hull Stubble which remains after harvesting soybeans. Gregory Harhay soybean stubble https://www.feedipedia.org/node/294 abalone food product aerated confectionery food product akee fruit food product A food product which has albacore tuna as a defining ingredient. albacore food product An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_drink Damion Dooley alcoholic beverage alcoholic beverage analog alewife food product alfalfa food product A compressed dried pellet made out of Alfalfa plants. Damion Dooley alfalfa nut alfalfa pellet alfalfa vegetable food product A vegetable food product which derives from an alfalfa plant. almond candy food product almond cookie food product almond food product american dewberry food product anchovy food product angelica candy food product animal-based dessert animal based food product for animal animal based refined or partially-refined food product A salad food product with a prominent animal meat ingredient. animal based salad food product animal-based sandwich food product A stew or hash which has an animal meat ingredient. animal-based stew or hash animal fat or oil refined food product A dressing which has an animal product ingredient. animal product based dressing animal product based flavoring or seasoning animal product dressing A sandwich which has at least one prominent meat ingredient. animal product sandwich Sausage which has animal meat as a defining ingredient. animal product sausage soup animal component http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001598 obsolete: animal product stew or hash category true animal soup food product apple based alcoholic beverage apple condiment apple food product apple preserve or jam food product apple vinegar food product apple wine food product A food product deriving from one or more apricots. apricot food product apricot preserve or jam food product artichoke vegetable food product artificial sweetener asian water buffalo meat food product asparagus vegetable food product atlantic halibut food product atlantic herring food product atlantic salmon and trout food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001625 obsolete: avocado food product true A food product deriving from one or more avocados. avocado food product Food material which is output of or is part of a home or commercial bakery process. bakery food product A food product which derives from some bamboo. bamboo food product A plant fruit food product derived from a banana tree (genus Musa). banana food product banana passionfruit food product barley alcoholic beverage analog barley product flavoring A food product made from milled barley. milled barley food product barley vegetable food product bass food product A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. Note, this was previously labelled "Bean (vegetable) food product". We have been listing both dry and freshly harvested moist beans here, so have broadened the name scope. Damion Dooley bean food product beef product based flavoring or seasoning beet pickle food product beet food product belgian carrot food product berry food product 2023-07-05T01:22:39Z SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * fruit, peel present, core, pit or seed present FOODON:03420140 berry juice The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and parts of east Africa. This fruit is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily confused with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (paan). areca nut betel nut food product The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and parts of east Africa. This fruit is commonly referred to as betel nut so it is easily confused with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (paan). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areca_nut beverage base product beverage analog black currant nectar beverage A food product derived from black olives. black olive food product pepper black or white pepper product black pepper food product black raspberry food product black walnut food product This is a convenience class that gathers products from berry plants that are closely related to the blackberry plant. Damion Dooley 2019-12-02T00:00:00 blackberry group food product blackeyed pea vegetable food product blue runner food product blueberry food product blueberry preserve or jam food product bluefin tuna food product bluefish food product bonito food product bony fish food product boysenberry food product brazil nut food product brittle food product A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant. Damion Dooley broad bean food product broccoli food product A food product made from a whole broiler or fryer chicken or part thereof Damion Dooley broiler chicken meat food product broth or stock food product brown trout food product brussels sprout food product buffalo meat food product buffalofish food product butter product analog butterfly mackerel food product cabbage juice food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001024 obsolete: cabbage pickle food product true A cabbage vegetable food product is a food product derived from the head or leaf portion of a cabbage plant. Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T13:30:10Z https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cabbage_and_cross_section_on_white.jpg/640px-Cabbage_and_cross_section_on_white.jpg cabbage head food product veal calf meat food product cape hake food product cape spiny lobster food product A caper food product is a food product derived from the flower buds or fruit of the caper plant. Damion Dooley caper capers caper food product caramel candy food product A cardamom food product is a food product derived from a black or green cardamom plant. Damion Dooley cardamon cardamum cardamom food product carp food product carp or minnow family food product carrot juice food product carrot food product cashew nut food product Unnecessary intermediate class. obsolete: cassava flour food product true http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001692 obsolete: cassava food product true cassava snack food product cassava food product cattle based pie food product cattle broth or stock food product cattle cured meat food product cattle product based flavoring or seasoning cattle product stew or hash cattle sandwich A cattle sausage food product is derived from cattle meat cattle sausage food product cattle soup food product cauliflower (pickled) food product A food product that derives from a cauliflower plant. cauliflower food product A plant food product derived from a celery plant (Apium graveolens) celery food product A celery food product which derives from a leaf celery plant ('Apium graveolens Secalinum Group') https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_celery https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2022-02-10T21:11:54Z leaf celery food product cephalopod food product cereal dessert food product A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran Damion Dooley cereal product cereal food product chamomile tea channel catfish food product cheese product analog chemical product based flavoring Food material which normally exists as an ingredient to another food material, rather than eaten on its own. This includes chemical food components. On Feb 25th 2025 the definition was loosened to include the subclass "chemical food component". food material component chemical soft drink chemical sweetener A food product deriving from one or more cherries. cherry food product cherry juice food product cherry nectar beverage cherry pie cherry preserve or jam food product chestnut food product chewing gum food product chicken product based flavoring or seasoning chicken pie food product chicken salad food product chicken soup food product chicken stew or hash Common chicory, Cichorium intybus, is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicory Damion Dooley Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive. Note: "Cornflower" is commonly applied to Centaurea cyanus. Common names for varieties of var. foliosum include endive, radicchio, radichetta, Belgian endive, French endive, red endive, sugarloaf, and witloof (or witlof). chicory food product chinook salmon food product A food product deriving from the chive plant. Damion Dooley chive food product chocolate candy food product chocolate product analog chub mackerel food product chum salmon food product cichlid food product cinnamon food product citric acid soft drink citron food product citrus nectar beverage citrus preserve or jam food product clingstone peach food product cloudberry cloudberry food product cloves clove food product cockle food product cocoa beverage coconut beverage cod food product codling food product coho salmon food product The kola nut is the fruit of the kola tree, a genus (Cola) of trees that are native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The caffeine-containing fruit of the tree is used as a flavoring ingredient in beverages, and is the origin of the term "cola". Damion Dooley kola nut food product Cold pack cheese, also known as club cheese or crock cheese, is a type of cheese spread that is created by blending natural cheeses without the use of heat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_pack_cheese cold-pack cheese food product collard food product Cavendish banana food product common bean food product common millet food product common oat cereal food product obsolete: common oat food product true condiment sauce cookie food product coriander food product corn snack vegetable corn food product corvina food product cotton seed food product cotton seed refined oil food product cow buttermilk food product dried cow milk food product cow milk based food product cow milk butter food product cow milk cheese analog cow milk cheese cake food product cow milk cream food product cow milk cured cheese food product cow milk dessert cow milk hard cheese food product cow milk pie food product A dressing which has a cow milk product ingredient. cow milk product based dressing cow milk sherbet food product cow milk snack cowpea vegetable food product cow milk processed cheese product obsolete: crab food product true cranberry food product cranberry preserve or jam food product crayfish food product A dressing which has cow milk cream as a defining ingredient. cream dressing food product cream product analog crustacean food product A pickled cucumber (commonly known as a pickle in the United States and Canada or generically as gherkins in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand) is a cucumber that has been pickled in a brine, vinegar, or other solution and left to ferment for a period of time, by either immersing the cucumbers in an acidic solution or through souring by lacto-fermentation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickled_cucumber Damion Dooley cucumber or gherkin pickle food product cucumber relish food product A food product deriving from one or more cucumbers. cucumber food product Damion Dooley This is a problematic category. It should be built by inference from links between a food and a HANCESTRO cultural group. cultural food cured cheese food product cusk food product cuttlefish food product dairy dessert food product dairy product analog A dressing which has a dairy product ingredient. dairy product based dressing A food product deriving from one or more dates. date food product deep sea lobster food product deer meat food product devilfish food product A food product deriving from a konjacu tuber. devils tongue food product Damion Dooley Damion Dooley's note: This category was created to organize SIREN inspired food products. It will probably get merged with the upper level 'dietary supplement' food product type items. dietary or therapeutic formulation food Dietetic foods are foods designated for carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, and other metabolism correction with modified content and/or ratio of certain substances compared to their natural content and/or with added substances or ingredients (absent in the original products). Damion Dooley 2020-05-30T00:00:00 dietetic food dill dill food product diluted apple beverage diluted citrus fruit beverage The diluted fruit beverage is a US CFR category defined as "Beverage prepared by diluting fruit juice to less than single strength, based upon accepted soluble solids values. Include beverages containing 15 to 99% fruit juice." Because it references dilution, it has a number of subclasses that expressly mention dilution. diluted fruit beverage diluted grape beverage diluted orange beverage An alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruit, or vegetables that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. True distillation involves heating and cooling to seperate alcohol from the solution via evaporation and condensation. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor Damion Dooley distilled drink distilled alcohol distilled spirit hard alcohol hard liquor liquor spirit alcoholic beverage (distilled) dogfish food product A product deriving from mahi-mahi or common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) also widely called dorado and dolphin. Damion Dooley mahi mahi dolphinfish food product doughnut food product A food product made from duck eggs. duck egg food product Durum wheat which has been milled. milled durum wheat durum wheat pasta food product A hard wheat food product which has durum wheat as a defining ingredient. durum wheat food product eel food product A desert food product which has eggs as a defining ingredient. egg-based dessert Damion Dooley egg substitute egg material analog A food product deriving from one or more eggplants. eggplant food product emulsified cheese product emulsified food product english walnut food product A food product made from berries of the european blackberry plant. Damion Dooley 2019-12-02T00:00:00 european blackberry food product european blackberry preserve or jam food product european filbert nut food product fenugreek food product fermented cereal beverage fern vegetable food product field corn based bakery food product infant formula with corn syrup field corn cereal food product field corn custard food product field corn distinctive distilled spirit A product made from the North American term for maize (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder (silage), ethanol, cereal and processed food products. The principal field corn varieties are dent corn, flint corn, flour corn (also known as soft corn) which includes blue corn (Zea mays amylacea), and waxy corn. Damion Dooley dry corn food product dry corn field corn food product field corn refined food product field corn snack food product field corn sweetener product In North America, field corn is corn (Zea mays) grown for livestock fodder, ethanol, cereal and processed food products. The principal field corn varieties are dent corn, flint corn, flour corn, including blue corn (Zea mays amylacea) and waxy corn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn Damion Dooley field corn vegetable food product A food product derived from the common pea (also known as the garden or field pea). common pea vegetable food product garden pea vegetable food product United States southern varieties: Big Red Ripper, Zipper, Rucker, Stick Up, Old Timer, Turkey Craw, Whippoorwill, Purple Hull, Pinkeye, Crowder, Wash Day, Rattlesnake, Iron Clay, Bird, Cow, Colossus, Hercules, Mississippi Silver, Shanty, Polecat field pea vegetable food product fig food product fig preserve or jam food product fish food product analog fish refined food product fish soup food flavoring or seasoning http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001859 obsolete: flax nut food product true linseed food product flaxseed food product flax vegetable food product florida stone crab food product flying fish food product A soft candy prepared by cooking together sugar, water and ingredients to control crystal growth to a temperature of 238-246 degrees F. The product is then cooled approximately 100 degrees and agitated to promote a smooth, creamy texture. Damion Dooley http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400244 fondant food product food base product food coating SIREN DB annotation: * water removal process FOODON:03460138 food concentrate A mix or ready made sauce for dipping or adding to food, especially salad. food dressing stuffing food filling material food mix product food material analog This is a working folder that holds LanguaL SIREN database product types that need to be reviewed for placement within the food product hierarchy. Damion Dooley food material (to be processed) A food material that is spread, generally with a knife, onto foods such as bread and crackers. 2019-08-26T17:35:39Z spread SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid FOODON:03430144 food spread food supplement fermented milk food product freshwater drum food product frigate tuna food product frozen dairy dessert frozen dairy food product frozen nondairy dessert food product frozen yogurt food product fruit based alcoholic beverage fruit based distilled spirit fruit based gravy or sauce food product fruit butter food product fruit candy food product fruit dessert food product fruit jelly food product fruit pie food product fruit salad food product fruit spread or sauce fudge food product fungus vegetable food product garlic food product chickpea (whole or pieces) obsolete: garbanzo bean (vegetable) food product true garlic product flavoring or seasoning A desert which has gelatin as a defining ingredient. gelatin dessert food product gelatin refined food product ginger ginger food product ginger preserve or jam food product ginseng tea ginseng food product ginseng plant food product glaze food product gluten refined food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001913 obsolete: goat dried milk food product true goat evaporated milk food product goat milk beverage goat dairy food product goat milk (pasteurized) goat powdered milk food product gooseberry gooseberry food product A food product deriving from one or more gourds. gourd food product grain based alcoholic beverage grain based bakery food product grain based distilled spirit grain based vinegar food product grape spread or sauce grape alcoholic beverage analog grape based alcoholic beverage grape based distilled spirit grape based low-alcohol wine food product grape based wine or wine-like food product grape juice food product grape preserve or jam food product grape vinegar food product grapefruit food product gravy or sauce gray mullet food product great northern bean food product green bean food product green bell pepper food product green olive food product greenland halibut food product grouper food product grouse meat food product guava food product haddock food product halibut food product ham salad food product hard candy food product hard cheese food product hard grating cheese food product hard wheat food product heavy wine, 14-24% alcohol, food product A food product that derives from a hemp plant. 2023-06-19T08:07:21Z hemp food product herring food product hops product flavoring horse meat food product horseradish plant food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001953 obsolete: horseradish food product true hot pepper spice food product red pepper hot pepper food product huckleberry food product human milk based food product hungarian wax pepper food product hungarian wax pepper pickle food product ice cow milk food product ice cream product analog ice goat milk food product mammalian ice milk food product icing or frosting food product illipe refined food product imitation food product imitation fruit juice imitation fruit preserve or jam food product imitation nonalcoholic beverage imitation vinegar food product inconnu food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03306448 obsolete: infant food product true insect refined food product jack family (or carangidae) food product jalapeno pepper food product jelly candy food product jelly condiment A food product made from the jerusalem artichoke plant. jerusalem artichoke food product jewfish food product A food product made from a kale plant. kale food product kangaroo meat food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03302556 obsolete: kava beverage true kegani crab food product kelp food product Note food handling (cooking) proceedures are required to avoid toxicity: See more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin kidney bean food product king crab food product Kombu (translit. konbu) is edible kelp from mostly the family Laminariaceae and is widely eaten in East Asia. Damion Dooley Hǎidài dasima (Korean: 다시마) haidai kombu konbu vegetable food product krill food product kumquat food product lake herring food product Lamb meat food product is a meat product taken from a lamb, a sheep less than a year old. Damion Dooley lamb meat food product A langostino food product is a food product encompassing a variety of species of prawn, crayfish or spot lobster depending on which speech community is involking it. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration allows "langostino" to be used as a market name for three species of squat lobster in the family Galatheidae: Cervimunida johni, Munida gregaria, and Pleuroncodes monodon. In Spain, it means some species of prawns. In Cuba and other Spanish-speaking Caribbean islands, the name langostino is also used to refer to crayfish. In Argentina the name is used to refer to Pleoticus muelleri, a kind of shrimp, while in Chile and Peru it refers to Pleuroncodes monodon. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langostino] Damion Dooley 2020-01-24T16:30:06Z langostino food product A food product made from legumes that are considered vegetables, such as immature raw legume pods or seeds. Damion Dooley leguminous vegetable food product lemon food product lentil food product A lettuce vegetable food product is the head, stem or leaf portion of a lettuce plant. Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T13:30:10Z lettuce lettuce head food product light wine A lima bean vegetable food product is any food product derived primarily from lima beans. Damion Dooley lima bean food product acerola food product lime preserve or jam food product lingonberry food product lingonberry preserve or jam liqueur food product lychee food product A food product that is derived from some lobster. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z lobster food product loganberry food product longtail tuna food product low-alcohol wine food product lumpfish food product lupin lupine bean food product macaroni or noodle food product Mace is the spice made from the reddish seed covering (aril) of the nutmeg seed. Its flavour is similar to nutmeg but more delicate; it is used to flavour baked goods, meat, fish, vegetables and in preserving and pickling. Damion Dooley mace mace food product mackerel food product malabar snapper food product barley malt beverage clementine satsuma mandarin orange food product