]> Damion Dooley William Hsiao Pier Buttigieg Robert Hohendorf has food substance analog has taxonomic identifier http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0009005 has primary substance added (deprecated) true has quality muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda' "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients. Damion Dooley has substance added 'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk' "has substance removed" is a relation existing between two physical entities in which the first entity has had the second entity (a substance) removed from it at some point in time. Damion Dooley has substance removed sardines 'immersed in' some 'oil and mustard' "immersed in" is a relation between a (physical) entity and a fluid substance in which the entity is wholely or substantially surrounded by the substance. Damion Dooley immersed in has consumer bread 'has primary substance added' some 'flour' 'has primary substance added' indicates that an entity has had the given substance added to it in a proportion greater than any other added substance. Damion Dooley has primary substance added The FoodOn food ontology is a controlled vocabulary that currently covers human food raw ingredients, food products and product types. It will develop semantics for food safety, food security, the agricultural and animal husbandry practices linked to food production, culinary, nutritional and chemical ingredients and processes. FoodOn will also grow to encompass food-chains and natural ecosystems involving other animals and plants. It is built to interoperate with the OBO Library family of ontologies. FoodOn owes a large debt to LanguaL, the food indexing system developed since the mid 1970's (see LanguaL.org). LanguaL's facets have all been imported here, with some adaptation. foodon ontology orange juice (liquid) Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus [wikipedia:beer]. Blood meal is a dry, inert powder made from blood used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. N = 13.25%, P = 1.0%, K = 0.6%. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_meal It is one of the highest non-synthetic sources of nitrogen. It usually comes from cattle or hogs as a slaughterhouse by-product. blood meal A pre-evisceration carcass is the carcass of a dead animal immediately following hide removal, before any antimicrobial applications and any part of the evisceration process has been performed. Gregory Harhay pre-evisceration carcass https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/30400510/protocols/USMARC%20Carcass%20Sampling%20Protocol.pdf A post-intervention carcass is a carcass that has had all antimicrobial intervention applied, been split in half along the backbone, and placed in a cooler, often referred to as the "hot box" cooler. Gregory Harhay post-evisceration carcass A primal cut or cut of meat is a cut or piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Gregory Harhay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primal_cut primal cut To trim is a technical term in cuisine which means to remove all unwanted or inedible parts (i.e. sinews, skin, fat etc.) from meat, fish poultry or vegetables. The removed parts are called trimmings and are used for making stocks, soups and sauces. Gregory Harhay http://en.foodlexicon.org/p0000380.php trim trim High-moisture corn refers to corn harvested at 24 percent or greater moisture, stored and allowed to ferment in a silo or other storage structure, and used as feed for livestock. Gregory Harhay http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/L062.aspx high moisture corn (food product) Rolled grain is grain has been mechanicallly crushed to separate the hull from the endosperm. Gregory Harhay rolled grain Corn stover consists of the leaves and stalks of maize (corn) (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) plants left in a field after harvest and consists of the residue: stalk; the leaf, husk, and cob remaining in the field following the harvest of cereal grain. Gregory Harhay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_stover Such stover makes up about half of the yield of a corn crop and is similar to straw from other cereal grasses; in Britain it is sometimes called corn straw. corn stover Corn stubble are the stems of corn remaining in the ground after harvest. Gregory Harhay corn stubble The outer coverings of the cottonseed, known as cottonseed hulls, are removed from the cotton kernels before the oil is extracted. Gregory Harhay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonseed Cottonseed hulls serve as an excellent source of feed for the livestock as they contain about 8% of cotton linters which have nearly 100% cellulose in them. cottonseed hull Gregory Harhay soybean stubble https://www.feedipedia.org/node/294 cocos fruit product nata de coco The agar is usually in the form of kantens, agar sticks which require hydration. yokan neri yōkan mizu yōkan sweet bean paste an sweet bean paste aduki bean paste red mung bean paste azuki bean paste white bean paste Shiro an is sometimes used to make yokan, especially mizu yokan, however it is not, strictly speaking, yokan. Sugar is often added when this is used as a dessert ingredient or a dessert. shiro an apple must food product chinese wine yellow wine Huangjiu chinese wine mash unrefined chinese wine sake mash sake moromi moromi of sake moromi A vegetable (sensu legal status) is a plant food source which is botanically categorized as a fruit, but which has been legally categorized by a given jurisdiction's lawmakers as a vegetable, usually for taxation purposes. Damion Dooley vegetable (sensu legal status) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden "peeling" is the process of removing the outer covering, layer or skin from (a fruit, vegetable, or shrimp). Damion Dooley peeled The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes Dalia AlGhamdi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrafish zebrafish Farfantepenaeus aztecus is a species of marine penaeid shrimps found around the east coast of the USA and Mexico Dalia AlGhamdi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farfantepenaeus_aztecus brown shrimp Scylla paramamosain is a mud crab commonly consumed in South-east Asia. Dalia AlGhamdi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scylla_paramamosain green mud crab The Indian prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, formerly Penaeus indicus), is one of the major commercial prawn species of the world. It is found in the Indo-West Pacific from eastern and south-eastern Africa, through India, Malaysia and Indonesia to southern China and northern Australia Dalia AlGhamdi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_prawn Indian prawn Products that uses coconut as a material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 The orange is the fruit of the citrus species Citrus × sinensis in the family Rutaceae. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03307625 true Damion Dooley Feb 6, 2017: Good meat cut resources to incorporate for Canada: The CFIA Meat Cuts Manual http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/meat-cuts/eng/1300126276015/1300126372856 Synthetic vanilla is a compound made of vanillin or ethyl vanillin Damion Dooley synthetic vanilla extract Gregory Harhay The FoodOn product type class is provided as a food product category tree under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. This tree has upper level categories inspired from other product type schemes like the US Code of Federal Regulations. However it has a much greater depth to it than the other product type schemes in an effort to group related products together. The basis of this tree was inherited from the environment ontology (ENVO). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food Damion Dooley Sake is a fermented rice beverage resulting from the fermentation of rice with the mold Aspergillus oryzae and, in parallel, with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [wikipedia:sake] http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411338 true has substance added (deprecated) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0009001 Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored grape varieties. The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines. White wine is a wine whose color can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-4260 Distillers grains are a cereal byproduct of the distillation process traditionally produced by breweries and more recently by ethanol plants. Distillers grains are created in distilleries by drying mash, and is subsequently sold for a variety of purposes, usually as fodder for livestock (especially ruminants). Corn-based distillers grains from the ethanol industry are commonly sold as a high protein livestock feed that increases efficiency and lowers the risk of subacute acidosis in beef cattle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillers_grains http://www.ginsbergs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Beef-Glossary1.pdf beef trim BEEF TRIM or BEEF TRIMMINGS are smaller pieces of beef muscle usually resulting from the deboning of beef carcasses and cuts, and/or during the production of retail or institutional cuts. All bones, cartilage, backstrap, heavy connective tissue and lymph glands are removed. Sold commercially based on the percentage of lean in the trimmings (i.e., 50%, 75%, 90%, etc.). Beef trimmings used in the production of Ground Primal products (i.e., Ground Chuck, Ground Round, Chopped Sirloin, etc.) must be exclusively from that specific primal cut. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400361 Damion Dooley's note: this term isn't informative in an ontology paradigm. To express that a product type is appropriate but not known, reference 'food product type' term itself for a value. true http://www.ianunwin.demon.co.uk/eurocode/docmn/ec99/ecmgintr.htm Field corn is a general term used in North America for corn varieties other than sweet corn, popcorn, yellow food grade corn used for yellow corn meal or flour and corn starch, and white food-grade corn used for white meal or flour and corn starch. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_corn Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. It is a creeping vine that bears cucumiform fruits that are used as vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and seedless. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucumber Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar or common medlar, is a large shrub or small tree, and the name of the fruit of this tree. Acheta domesticus Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_sugar_syrup 'invert sugar' is a combination of glucose and fructose derived from disaccharide sucrose. A whole egg is an egg including the shell, albumen and egg yolk fish meal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03520521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03520231 Damion Dooley's note: Country exists to associate food items and recipes with particular geopolitical areas. This hierarchy is repurposed from the Ancestry Ontology (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ancestro). Damion Dooley's note: Ancestral group exists to associate food items and recipes with particular cultures and/or geographic areas. This hierarchy is repurposed from the Ancestry Ontology (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/ancestro).