]> 2019-11-09 FoodOn (http://foodon.org) is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world. Food Ontology

FOODON

has food substance analog has taxonomic identifier A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient. Damion Dooley FoodOn curators For example, 'bean soup' has a defining ingredient of some 'bean (whole)'. Similarly, spicy chicken wings require a defining ingredient of (usually minute) amounts of chilli. A soup may 'has ingredient' some bean, but that doesn't make it a 'bean soup', i.e. there should be no inference to that category. However, some classes may have that simple ingredient "necessary and sufficient" equivalency. has defining ingredient has ingredient A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of has quality Damion Dooley 'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk' Damion Dooley has consumer http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0246 ink, aquatic animal A glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(1->4)-linkage. maltose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0206 LanguaL curation note: Used when maltose or a high maltose sweetener is the major ingredient. maltose A glucose with D-configuration. dextrose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0222 glucose, d- LanguaL term definition: Used when dextrose or a high dextrose sweetener, such as corn syrup or corn syrup solids, is the major ingredient. D-glucose A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form. lactose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0209 LanguaL term definition: Used when lactose or a high lactose sweetener is the major ingredient. lactose SUBSET_SIREN:F15176 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0210 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0136 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0158 subset_siren LanguaL term definition: Used when sucrose (e.g., cane sugar or beet sugar) is the major ingredient. Note: on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means sucrose. A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. polysaccharide http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0153 LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of eleven or more saccharide units. Usually not sweet to the taste. Includes starch, pectin and cellulose. polysaccharide A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds. maltodextrin http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0282 maltodextrin An aldohexose that is the C-4 epimer of glucose. galactose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0254 galactose, d- galactose A ketohexose that is an isomer of glucose. fructose http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0223 levulose LanguaL curation note: Used when pure fructose is the major ingredient. If *HIGH FRUCTOSE SYRUP* is the major ingredient, use that term for indexing. fructose sorbitol sorbitol as food source sorbitols as food source http://langual.org Codex::420 Codex::420(i) Europe::420 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B3285 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B4427 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0281 LanguaL curation note: See "food additive" comments. LanguaL term definition: Food additive. LanguaL term definition: Food additive; technological purpose(s): bulking agent, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer, sweetener. glucitol It is used as food additive under the E number E510, working as a yeast nutrient in breadmaking and as an acidifier. It is a feed supplement for cattle and an ingredient in nutritive media for yeasts and many microorganisms. Ammonium chloride is used to spice up dark sweets called salmiak (popular in Nordic and other nearby countries),[18] in baking to give cookies a very crisp texture, and in the liquor Salmiakki Koskenkorva for flavouring. In Iran, Tajikistan, India, Pakistan and Arab countries it is called "Noshader" and is used to improve the crispness of snacks such as samosas and jalebi. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_chloride] A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues. oligosaccharide http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0226 LanguaL term definition: Complex carbohydrate with molecules composed of three to ten saccharide units (specifically dextrin). May be slightly sweet to the taste. oligosaccharide role (CHEBI) http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0219 LanguaL term definition: A protein extract or concentrate derived from collagen. Damion Dooley http://langual.org 2019-06-19T23:09:03Z http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0125 mucilage added hemicellulose http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=H0156 potable water environmental The FoodOn food ontology is a controlled vocabulary that currently covers human food raw ingredients, food products and product types. It will develop semantics for food safety, food security, the agricultural and animal husbandry practices linked to food production, culinary, nutritional and chemical ingredients and processes. FoodOn will also grow to encompass food-chains and natural ecosystems involving other animals and plants. It is built to interoperate with the OBO Library family of ontologies. FoodOn owes a large debt to LanguaL, the food indexing system developed since the mid 1970's (see LanguaL.org). LanguaL's facets have all been imported here, with some adaptation. Damion Dooley foodon ontology data specification A cattle bull is an adult "intact" (i.e. not castrated) male of a cattle species. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology 2019-02-21T03:01:03Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000119 bull cattle bull A process of cutting food into smaller pieces, chunks or slices. Damion Dooley food cutting process Tortoises are a family, Testudinidae, of land-dwelling reptiles in the order Testudines. Damion Dooley https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg/640px-A._gigantea_Aldabra_Giant_Tortoise.jpg tortoise tortoise food product Cream component produced by churning and containing not less than 80% milkfat. http://langual.org http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=C0179 mammalian milk butter SUBSET_SIREN:F16510 pickled subset_siren SIREN DB annotation: * has quality 'solid' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03430151) * formed as a result of 'pickling process' (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03460190) Damion Dooley http://langual.org http://langual.org DPNL 2003:8684 GRIN:10675 ITIS:22356 MANSFELD:3905 PLANTS:CILA3 http://eol.org/pages/584423 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1391 Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai citrullus lanatus citrullus vulgaris colocynthis citrullus cucurbita citrullus datiro edible seed melon equisi kaffir melon momordica lanata watermelon plant Damion Dooley cooked Are all fermented foods considered preserved to some extent? Damion Dooley bu-du A vegetable with dark green, spear-shaped leaves that can be curled or smooth and are attached to thin stems. http://langual.org DPNL 2003:13251 GRIN:35256 ITIS:20709 MANSFELD:485 PLANTS:SPOL http://eol.org/pages/582002 http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1420 Spinacia oleracea L. spinacia oleracea spinach plant A mushroom (or toadstool) is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. WIKIPEDIA:Mushroom http://langual.org fungi http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B1467 wild mushroom mushroom Damion Dooley A fermentation process in which either carbohydrates, proteins or fats are modified through microbial, enzymatic and/or other biological process. fermentation/modification process hoi-dong Miang mum-khai-pla mum-sai-pla nam-budu Fermented meat product is any product made primarily of meat subjected to a fermentation process. Damion Dooley fermented meat product nham-pla Fermented Fish pla-chom Fermented fish pla-jaw Fermented fish pla-som pu dong Needs to be disambiguated from mum-khai-pla som-khai-pla tai-pla rice powder (roasted) A primal cut or cut of meat is a cut or piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Gregory Harhay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primal_cut animal meat primal cut http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001625 Candy prepared by cooking together sugar, water and ingredients to control crystal growth to a temperature of 238-246 degrees F. The product is then cooled approximately 100 degrees and agitated to promote a smooth, creamy texture. Damion Dooley http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400244 2019-08-26T17:35:39Z Spiny lobsters, also known as langustas, langouste, or rock lobsters, are a family (Palinuridae) of about 60 species of achelate crustaceans, in the Decapoda Reptantia. Spiny lobsters are also, especially in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, and the Bahamas, called crayfish, sea crayfish, or crawfish ("kreef" in South Africa), terms which elsewhere are reserved for freshwater crayfish. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiny_lobster http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002127 The agar is usually in the form of kantens, agar sticks which require hydration. yokan neri yōkan mizu yōkan sake mash sake moromi moromi of sake tuna backmeat, which is specifically scraped off the bones, and looks like a ground product. Damion Dooley nakaochi Maguro Nakaochi Nakaochi Scrape tuna scrape http://langual.org http://langual.org food food material Roasting is a baking process when the food being baked is meats Damion Dooley http://langual.org roasting meat process A material entity having a thickness of 0.3 to less than 1.5 cm Damion Dooley This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term. thickness of 0.3 cm to less than 1.5 cm A material entity having a thickness of less than 0.3 cm Damion Dooley This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term. thickness of 0.3 cm or less A material entity having a thickness of 1.5 to less than 7.0 cm Damion Dooley This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term. thickness of 1.5 cm to less than 7.0 cm A material entity having a thickness of at least 7.0 cm Damion Dooley This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term. thickness of 7 cm or more Modified through physical treatment to affect the shape quality of a food product. Damion Dooley food physical forming process A material entity having a thickness of 1.5 to less than 7.0 cm Damion Dooley This is a component of a LanguaL physical state, shape or form term. thickness of 1.5 cm or more The process of extraction of substance(s) from a food source using a solvent such as alcohol, hexane, or ethanol. Damion Dooley food solvent extraction process The process of milling grain into flour, usually performed by a grist mill, corn mill or flour mill. Damion Dooley milling food milling process Damion Dooley food canning process A food evaporation process is the process of removing water from a food. Damion Dooley food evaporation process canastrato cheese Damion Dooley http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002429 convenience food (deprecated) true rockfish food product A process involving the physical transformation of a food source or food product into some derived organic material or food product Damion Dooley food transformation process Very strange - As of 2018/11/28, unless this annotation on the subClassOf relation exists, with Makefile, the relation is removed from foodon.owl output and 'food transformation process' becomes parentless. Related to robot "WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred"??? Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods (insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods), mollusks (chitons, snails, bivalves, squids, and octopuses), annelids (earthworms and leeches), and cnidarians (hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals).[wikipedia] Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate animal invertebrate animal Sliced food is solid food that is divided into uniformly thin pieces (e.g., sliced bread). Damion Dooley http://langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=E0137 baked https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_food Pan frying is a form of frying characterized by the use of minimal cooking oil or fat (compared to shallow frying or deep frying); typically using just enough oil to lubricate the pan. ... A pan fry takes place at lower heat than does a sauté. Damion Dooley pan frying pan-fried food object quality The ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer) is a species of rat found throughout Southeast Asia. Although not a part of staple human diet in Cambodia, a growing market has developed there with most exports going to Vietnam Damion Dooley rice-field rat ricefield rat Dairy cattle are a type of cattle bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. This class covers both male and female members of a dairy breed. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_cattle 2019-01-26T22:49:27Z dairy cattle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dairy_cattle_breeds Taurine cattle (Bos taurus taurus), also called European cattle, are a subspecies of domesticated cattle originating in the Near East. Both taurine cattle and indicine cattle (zebus) are descended from the aurochs. Taurine cattle were originally considered a distinct species, but are now typically grouped with zebus and aurochs into one species, Bos taurus. Most modern breeds of cattle are taurine cattle. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine_cattle 2019-01-28T02:41:04Z http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=B5186 taurine cattle Navel oranges are characterized by the growth of a second fruit at the apex, which protrudes slightly and resembles a human navel. They are primarily grown for human consumption for various reasons: their thicker skin makes them easy to peel, they are less juicy and their bitterness – a result of the high concentrations of limonin and other limonoids – renders them less suitable for juice. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(fruit)#Navel_oranges 2019-01-28T04:42:04Z navel orange plant Gravlax is a Nordic dish consisting of raw salmon, cured in salt, sugar, and dill. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravlax 2019-02-05T23:53:50Z Gravad lax gravad laks gravlaks gravlax An opened can or bottle; a torn plastic cheese wrapper; a breached wax cheese rind. A compromised food packing medium is a gaseous, liquid, or solid medium that has been exposed to the environment due to a failure in integrity of the food packaging. The packaging failure may be intentional, e.g. opening a bag, or unintentional, e.g. a tear. Damion Dooley 2019-02-13T21:04:31Z food packing medium compromised A heifer is a young female, under three years of age, of a cattle species before she has had a calf of her own. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology 2019-02-21T03:04:04Z heifer A beetle larva is a beetle undergoing the larva stage of development. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larva 2019-02-21T06:11:06Z grub beetle larva Darkling beetle is the common name of the large family of beetles, Tenebrionidae. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkling_beetle 2019-02-21T06:23:23Z darkling beetle The mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is a species of darkling beetle. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealworm 2019-02-21T06:25:43Z mealworm beetle A mealworm is a mealworm beetle in the larva stage of development. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mealworm 2019-02-21T06:30:34Z mealworm Dynastinae or rhinoceros beetles are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae). Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynastinae 2019-02-21T06:34:42Z rhino beetle rhinoceros beetle A cattle steer is an adult castrated male of a cattle species. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle#Terminology 2019-02-22T23:48:25Z steer bull A steer is a younger animal that may not be trained, or may not be strong and mature enough for hard work. In the United States a steer is not considered an ox until it is four years old, by which time it is considered large enough and mature enough for any work required of it. cattle steer Wagyu is any of the four Japanese breeds of beef cattle: Japanese Black (Kuroge Washu), Japanese Polled (Mukaku Washu), Japanese Brown (Akage Washu or Akaushi) and Japanese Shorthorn (Nihon Tankaku Washu). In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names. Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagyu 2019-03-20T08:06:23Z Akage Washu Akaushi Japanese Black Japanese Brown Japanese Polled Japanese Shorthorn Kuroge Washu Mukaku Washu Nihon Tankaku Washu 日本短角和種無角和種赤毛和種黒毛和種 wagyu cattle Black pudding is a type of blood sausage originating in Great Britain and Ireland. It is made from pork blood, with pork fat or beef suet, and a cereal, usually oatmeal, oat groats or barley groats. The high proportion of cereal, along with the use of certain herbs such as pennyroyal, serves to distinguish black pudding from blood sausages eaten in other parts of the world. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_pudding 2019-04-09T14:05:09Z black pudding The Red Delicious is a clone of apple cultigen, now comprising more than 50 cultivars, first recognized in Madison County, Iowa, in 1880 Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Delicious 2019-04-13T16:47:39Z Red Delicious apple tree Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_of_beef#British_cuts 2019-04-14T20:55:42Z cut of beef Fryer-roaster turkey: an immature turkey younger than 12 weeks old (previously younger than 16 weeks) of either sex, that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin, and flexible breastbone cartilage. Damion Dooley https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2011/11/17/poultry-classifications-get-21st-century-upgrade 2019-05-07T21:42:01Z fryer-roaster turkey An aquatic invertebrate may live entirely beneath the water, or may live upon its surface or on the plants surrounding it. Some breathe air, others breathe water. To move, they may walk, swim, float, skate, fly or glide on their bellies—or they may not move much at all. Damion Dooley https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/general-species-information/aquatic-invertebrate-facts 2019-04-29T19:23:38Z aquatic invertebrate The giant water bug is well known as an edible species in a number of different Southeast Asian cuisines. The taste of the flight muscles is often compared to sweet scallops or shrimp. It is native to South and Southeast Asia, as well as southeast China, Korea, the Ryukyu Islands and New Guinea. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethocerus_indicus https://www.eatingthaifood.com/how-to-eat-a-giant-water-bug-maeng-da-thailand/ 2019-04-29T20:28:32Z https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lethocerus_indicus.jpg/180px-Lethocerus_indicus.jpg Lethocerus indicus cà cuống maeng da maeng da na malaeng da malaeng da na แมงดา แมงดานา แมลงดา แมลงดานา giant water bug Damion Dooley 2019-05-21T22:37:06Z Aves avian bird avian animal Damion Dooley 2019-05-23T19:53:09Z food (dehydrated) Damion Dooley 2019-05-23T22:48:30Z filled stuffed food (filled) A food which has its flavour or taste enhanced by some process which may include the addition of flavourings. Damion Dooley 2019-05-24T00:58:37Z flavoured food (flavored) broiled grilled A method of precooking food where a liquid is heated to just below the boiling point. Often used to retard the spoiling of milk. Damion Dooley http://www.langual.org/langual_thesaurus.asp?termid=G0042 2019-05-24T22:49:21Z scalding food scalding process Milled food is food ground into smaller particles as a result of a milling process. Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T00:14:22Z milled food (milled) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T01:38:42Z colored coloured food (colored) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T06:36:39Z hydrolized food (hydrolized) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T06:38:12Z pasteurized food (pasteurized) peeled Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T07:03:36Z puffed food (puffed) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T07:04:49Z steamed food (steamed) Food products manufactured from various nutritional components made to resemble conventional protein-source foods in texture such as meat, seafood, or poultry. Damion Dooley https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/textured+food 2019-05-25T07:06:43Z textured food (textured) Toasted food is is the output of a toasting process. toasted Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T07:31:19Z Fried food is the output of a frying process. fried food (fried) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T07:35:38Z breaded food (breaded) Damion Dooley 2019-05-25T07:41:36Z batter-coated battered food (batter-coated) Damion Dooley 2019-06-26T21:34:09Z alligator meat The skin of a chicken Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T06:16:00Z chicken skin Buffalo wings, invented in Buffalo, New York, are chicken wings that are generally deep-fried then coated or dipped in a sauce. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_as_food 2019-06-27T06:25:39Z https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Buffalo_-_Wings_at_Airport_Anchor_Bar.jpg/640px-Buffalo_-_Wings_at_Airport_Anchor_Bar.jpg Buffalo wing https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Pangasius_meat.jpg/320px-Pangasius_meat.jpg Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T07:28:57Z milk fat Mustard greens are leaves from a mustard plant Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T08:09:44Z mustard greens Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T13:56:51Z boiled food (boiled) The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is a species of South American camelid. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaca 2019-06-27T19:22:23Z https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg/433px-Alpaca_%2831562329701%29.jpg alpaca Ampullariidae, common name the apple snails, is a family of large freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks with a gill and an operculum. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampullariidae 2019-06-27T20:06:49Z apple snail Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T20:24:58Z barramundi food product Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T20:25:59Z barramundi fillet The process of cleaning food to separate other environmental materials or body substances. Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T22:17:31Z food cleaning process Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T22:20:32Z cleaned food (cleaned) Damion Dooley 2019-06-27T22:23:20Z cod fillet A cracker is a flat, dry baked food typically made with flour. In UK English, crackers are sometimes called water biscuits, savoury biscuits or biscuits. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracker_(food) 2019-06-27T23:36:40Z savoury biscuit water biscuit cracker Food that is output of a grinding process. This can range from the fragmentation of larger dry legumes and plant seeds like coffee beans, to the grinding of meat into products like hamburger or sausage. The process may involve a meat grinder, or chopping with a knife. Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T03:02:40Z ground food (ground) Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T00:09:13Z chicken drumstick Flies are insects with a pair of functional wings for flight and a pair of specialized hindwings called halteres for balance. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly 2019-06-28T00:19:32Z fly Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T05:00:57Z gutted animal (gutted) A hulled food is a grain such as rice that has been subjected to a dehulling process. Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T05:24:49Z hulled food (hulled) Dehulling is the process of removing the hulls (or chaff) from beans and other seeds. Damion Dooley https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husk 2019-06-28T05:26:19Z hulling food dehulling process Husking of corn is the process of removing its outer layers, leaving only the cob or seed rack of the corn Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husk 2019-06-28T05:34:37Z husking corn husking process Mink are dark-colored, semiaquatic, carnivorous mammals of the genera Neovison and Mustela, and part of the family Mustelidae which also includes weasels, otters and ferrets. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mink 2019-06-28T05:54:03Z American mink European mink mink Pabda fish is a freshwater catfish species found mainly in the pond, swamp, paddy field etc. in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and some other south Asian countries. Damion Dooley https://www.roysfarm.com/pabda-fish/ 2019-06-28T06:24:56Z pabda pabda fish Parrots, also known as psittacines /ˈsɪtəsaɪnz/, are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot 2019-06-28T06:35:57Z parrot A parakeet is any one of a large number of small to medium-sized species of parrot, in multiple genera, that generally have long tail feathers. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeet 2019-06-28T06:36:04Z parakeet A process of applying a seasoning mixture to a given food. Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T07:13:14Z seasoning food seasoning process Packaged food is food that has been placed in a container of some kind. Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T17:06:16Z food (packaged) A process that applies packaging material to a food product for preservation, shipping and/or presentation purposes. Damion Dooley 2019-06-28T17:08:54Z food packaging process Roasted food is more structured food that is generally subjected to a dry heat cooking process at higher oven temperature than baking. Damion Dooley https://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-roasting-and-baking-word-of-mouth-211695 2019-06-28T18:58:29Z roasted food (roasted) Tinfoil barb is a member of the Barbonymus genus, a ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbonymus 2019-06-28T19:53:57Z tin foil barb tinfoil barbfish tinfoil barb Comminuted food is the output of a comminution process that reduces solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing, grinding, cutting, vibrating, etc. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comminution 2019-06-28T21:32:15Z comminuted food (comminuted) Damion Dooley 2019-06-29T23:40:55Z food (rehydrated) Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T07:40:38Z food (blanched) Chopped food is food material chopped into roughly bite-sized pieces. Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T20:59:57Z chopped cut food (chopped) Red bananas are a group of varieties of banana with reddish-purple skin. Some are smaller and plumper than the common Cavendish banana, others much larger. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_banana 2019-07-10T07:22:07Z red banana plant (genus Musa) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03411561 Ikejime is a method of slaughtering fish to maintain the quality of its meat. The technique originated in Japan, but is now in widespread use. It involves the insertion of a spike quickly and directly into the hindbrain, usually located slightly behind and above the eye, thereby causing immediate brain death. Damion Dooley When spiked correctly, the fish fins flare and the fish relaxes, immediately ceasing all motion. Destroying the brain and the spinal cord of the fish will prevent reflex action from happening; such muscle movements would otherwise consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscle, and as a result produce lactic acid and ammonia, making the fish sour, soggy and less tasteful. Furthermore, the blood contained in the fish flesh retracts to the gut cavity, which produces a better coloured and flavoured fillet, and prolongs shelf life. 2019-07-13T15:44:43Z Ikijime 活き締め活け締め ikajime Damion Dooley 2019-08-04T21:43:28Z multi-component durum wheat pasta dish The mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) also known as mountain pawpaw, papayuelo, chamburo, or simply "papaya" is a species of the genus Vasconcellea, native to the Andes of northwestern South America from Colombia south to central Chile, typically growing at altitudes of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft) m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_papaya 2019-08-06T19:40:26Z chamburo mountain papaya mountain pawpaw papayuelo Carica pubescens Vasconcellea pubescens mountain papaya plant Juniper ash is ash derived from the juniper tree. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper 2019-08-06T20:19:41Z Navajo Juniper Ash juniper ash https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002822398000777 The Williams' bon chrétien pear, commonly called the Williams pear or the Bartlett pear in the United States and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia. 2019-08-06T22:13:35Z Bartlett pear Williams pear Williams bon chrétien pear plant Demerara sugar is a sugar made from crystallized, partially evaporated sugar cane juice and spun in a centrifuge to remove almost all of the molasses. The sugar crystals are large and golden-coloured. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar#Natural_brown_sugar 2019-08-07T16:54:42Z demerara sugar The Granny Smith is a tip-bearing apple cultivar, which originated in Australia in 1868. The tree is thought to be a hybrid of Malus sylvestris, the European wild apple, with the North American apple Malus pumila as the polleniser. 2019-08-07T19:29:34Z Granny Smith apple tree The Fuji apple is an apple hybrid developed by growers at Tohoku Research Station in Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, in the late 1930s, and brought to market in 1962. It originated as a cross between two American apple varieties — the Red Delicious and old Virginia Ralls Genet (sometimes cited as "Rawls Jennet") apples. 2019-08-07T20:35:58Z Fuji apple tree Okara, soy pulp, or tofu dregs is a pulp consisting of insoluble parts of the soybean that remains after pureed soybeans are filtered in the production of soy milk and tofu 2019-08-07T23:28:03Z biji dòufuzhā dòuzhā kongbiji okara soy pulp tofu dregs okara Sōmen are very thin noodles made of wheat flour, less than 1.3 mm in diameter. 2019-08-08T00:17:03Z Dried Sōmen somen somyeon sùmiàn sùmiàn 素面素麵素麺 소면) Sōmen Short grain rice has grain which is is shorter in length proportional to its width than that of long grain rice. 2019-08-08T00:39:53Z pudding rice short-grain rice short grain rice Synbiotic claim or use refers to food ingredients or dietary supplements combining probiotics and prebiotics in a form of synergism that beneficially affect the host. 2019-08-08T03:32:51Z synbiotic claim or use A yellow bean plant is one of a variety of common bean plant (e.g. 'Sinaloa Azufrado', 'Sulphur', 'Mayocoba', and 'Peruano', also called canary ) whose pods are yellow at maturity. 2019-08-08T05:27:59Z yellow bean plant A Heron is a long-legged freshwater or coastal bird in the family Ardeidae, with 64 recognised species. 2019-08-08T23:28:25Z bittern egret heron The flying barbs are freshwater fish in the genus Esomus, native to South and Mainland Southeast Asia. They are closely related to the genus Danio and are distinctive for their extremely long barbels. 2019-08-08T08:15:15Z Esomus danrica Flying barb fish Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical evergreen tree in the coffee family native to Southeast Asia. M. speciosa is indigenous to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, where it has been used in traditional medicines since at least the nineteenth century. Kratom has opioid properties and some stimulant-like effects. 2019-08-09T03:44:09Z kratom King weakfish is a coastal fish found on the eastern coast of South America. 2019-08-09T03:55:36Z Banga Mary Bangamary German Salmon Rock Salmon yellow mouth salmon king weakfish King crabmeat is meat that is removed from the leg of a King Crab. 2019-08-09T04:14:08Z king crab meat king crabmeat Goby is a common name for many species of small to medium sized ray-finned fish, normally with large heads and tapered bodies, which are found in marine, brackish and freshwater environments. Traditionally most of the species called gobies have been classified in the order Perciformes as the suborder Gobioidei but in the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World this suborder is elevated to an order Gobiiformes within the clade Percomorpha.[1] Not all the species in the Gobiiformes are referred to as gobies and the "true gobies" are placed in the family Gobiidae, while other species referred to as gobies have been placed in the Oxudercidae. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T15:06:20Z goby A Scad fish is any of several species of fishes in the family Carangidae (order Perciformes), which also includes the jacks, amberjacks, and pompanos. The name scad is usually restricted to certain species in the genera Decapterus, Selar, and Trachurus. The half dozen species are marine and occur along the Atlantic coast of the Americas, except for the Mexican scad (D. scombrinus), which is found in the Pacific Ocean.[Encyclopedia Britannica, December 05, 2017; accessed August 09, 2019] Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T16:12:10Z scad Golden pompanos are fairly deep bodied ocean fish of family Carangidae, and are prized eating fish worldwide. They can be distinguished from other pompanos by their slightly longer dorsal fin. 2019-08-09T15:18:39Z Trachinotus blochii asian pompano golden pompano Masago is a dish consisting of the fully ripened eggs (roe) of the capelin fish. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T15:24:07Z capelin roe Masago The Soldier River Barb is a native Thailand freshwater species which is distributed throughout South East Asia in Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Laos,Malaysia and Thailand where it is found throughout the Mekong basin and surrounding areas. 2019-08-09T15:34:19Z Cyclocheilichthys enoplos (Bleeker, 1849) Soldier river barb The Roter Fusilier is a type of fish from the fusilier family, Caesionidae, in the order Perciformes. They are related to the snappers, but adapted for feeding on plankton, rather than on larger prey. They are found at reefs in the Indo-Pacific. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T15:39:16Z roter fusilier Sillago is a genus of fish in the family Sillaginidae and the only non-monotypic genus in the family. Distinguishing the species can be difficult, with many similar in appearance and colour, forcing the use of swim bladder morphology as a definitive feature. 2019-08-09T16:48:12Z sillago The whisker sheatfish (Micronema bleekeri Günther, 1864), is a rare species of freshwater catfish. Emma Griffiths https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265691438_Inverted_migration_of_rare_whisker_sheatfish_in_Nong-Han_Lake_northeastern_Thailand_Implications_for_conservation 2019-08-09T17:23:20Z Micronema bleekeri Whisker Sheat whisker sheatfish The walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a species of freshwater airbreathing catfish native to Southeast Asia. It is named for its ability to "walk" and wiggle across dry land, to find food or suitable environments. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T17:28:00Z Clarias batrachus Hito hito fish walking catfish walking catfish Yellowtail is a confusing name, as it can apply to flounder, tuna and sole. It’s also the common name for several species of amberjack, sleek migratory tuna-like fish found off both U.S. coasts. The most valuable member of this family is the yellowtail farmed in Japan and featured in U.S. sushi bars under the name hamachi Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T18:54:07Z yellowtail yellowtail fish Yellow hito is a type of freshwater "walking catfish" common in the Philippines. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T19:27:25Z yellow hito An organism that originated from a wild caught population. Emma Griffiths Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T19:32:04Z wild caught organism wild caught Gambier or gambir is an extract derived from the leaves of Uncaria gambir, a climbing shrub native to tropical Southeast Asia. Gambier is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia where it was an important trade item into the late nineteenth century. It can be used as a tanning agent, a brown dye, a food additive and as herbal medicine. Also known as pale catechu, white catechu or Japan Earth, it is often confused with other forms of catechu. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T19:50:26Z Japan Earth Uncaria gambir gambier extract gambir extract pale catechu white catechu gambier powder 2019-08-09T21:00:41Z Spariformes fish, spariform The threadfin breams consist of the family Nemipteridae within the order Perciformes. Issue: NCBITaxon claims Nemipteridae falls under spariform order. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T21:02:53Z Nemipteridae false snapper whiptail bream threadfin bream family Nemipterus virgatus, the golden threadfin bream, is a species of threadfin bream native to the western Pacific, from southern Japan south to northwest Australia including the Arafura Sea. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T21:06:59Z Nemipterus virgatus golden threadfin bream Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T21:14:28Z gorilla The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. Its different types are variously known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean, Egyptian pea, chana, and chole. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T21:21:05Z chickpea plant Black cardamom comes from either of two species in the family Zingiberaceae. 2019-08-09T22:11:41Z Amomum subulatum hill cardamom black cardamom plant Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis is is a type of sea urchin, commonly known as the green sea urchin because of its characteristic green color. Emma Griffiths 2019-08-09T23:29:16Z green sea urchin The Jersey is a British breed of small dairy cattle from Jersey, in the Channel Islands. Emma Griffiths