]> Anoosha Sehar Damion Dooley Diane Alexander Emma Griffiths Gurinder Gosal Hande Küçük McGinty Lauren Chen Magalie Weber Rhiannon Cameron 2022-02-10 FoodOn (http://foodon.org) is a consortium-driven project to build a comprehensive and easily accessible global farm-to-fork ontology about food, that accurately and consistently describes foods commonly known in cultures from around the world. Food Ontology FOODON Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label The user interface label is the label that should be placed on a datum when presented on a form or report Damion Dooley user interface label user interface definition A user interface feature is a pre-set list of features and their acceptable values that a user interface rendering system should use to display an entity on a form or report Damion Dooley user interface feature editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage has curation status OBI_0000281 has curation status definition The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition textual definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note imported from elucidation has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) has axiom label term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg term replaced by An image of the item. ,In Protege, this can be a URL. has broad synonym database cross reference has narrow synonym has synonym label part of part of part_of has part a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part has_part preceded_by has food substance analog obsolete - has taxonomic identifier true A defining ingredient defines what a food is principally categorized as, rather than an ingredient listed by percentage of weight or volume. A food may have more than one defining ingredient. Damion Dooley FoodOn For example, 'bean soup' has a defining ingredient of some 'bean (whole)'. Similarly, spicy chicken wings require a defining ingredient of (usually minute) amounts of chilli. A soup may 'has ingredient' some bean, but that doesn't make it a 'bean soup', i.e. there should be no inference to that category. However, some classes may have that simple ingredient "necessary and sufficient" equivalency. has defining ingredient A relation attaching between a food material and another food material that has been added to it at some point in its history. Damion Dooley FoodOn has ingredient has country of origin hasCountryOfOrigin has measurement unit label A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity. Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy is about has_specified_input has_specified_input The inverse property of is_specified_input_of has_specified_input is_specified_input_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_input_of has_specified_output has_specified_output The inverse property of is_specified_output_of has_specified_output is_specified_output_of is_specified_output_of A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of. is_specified_output_of specifies value of A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about. specifies value of specifies value of characteristic of inheres in participates in a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in participates_in has participant a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has participant has_participant has quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role derives from is allergic trigger for has allergic trigger located_in only in taxon only_in_taxon in taxon connected to w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component develops from develops_from capable of surrounded by adjacent to surrounds has input has output An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. has member input of output of formed as result of attached to composed primarily of process has causal agent produced by Damion Dooley has substance added 'egg white' 'has substance removed' some 'egg yolk' Damion Dooley has substance removed immersed in has consumer has primary substance added executes has quantity A statement that defines conventions, guidelines, characteristics or methods for consistent data handling to facilitate exchange or processing of the data. This set of criteria are reviewed by and agreed upon by the user community or a governing body before they are released and adopted for use. data standard A planned process in which the useful part or parts of the plant are gathered. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-4821 harvest harvesting The usefulness of the part or parts of the plant depends on the criteria set by the agent of the harvesting process. plant harvesting process A process during which some material is applied to a subject treatment Location where the experiment is implemented. experimental site An experimental site in which the experiment is performed in a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, with the possibility to regulate climatic conditions. hothouse screenhouse glasshouse greenhouse A planned process which occurs during an agricultural experiment. agricultural process A planned process during which the environment of a crop plant is maintained such that the plant grows crop cultivation process creating a data set A planned process that has a data set as its specified output. dataset creating entity Entity entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity entity Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) continuant Continuant continuant An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant continuant (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] occurrent Occurrent An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] material MaterialEntity material entity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] bfo BFO:0000040 material entity material entity (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) The mucous membrane-lined tube of the digestive system through which food passes, in which digestion takes place, and from which wastes are eliminated. It extends from the mouth to the anus and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. BrendaTissueOBO alimentary tract digestive canal digestive system digestive tract digestive tube BTO:0000058 alimentary canal One of the small bulbs (as in garlic) developed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. BrendaTissueOBO BTO:0000262 clove A peduncle arising at or beneath the surface of the ground in an acaulescent plant (as the tulip); broadly: a flower stalk. BrendaTissueOBO BTO:0001217 scape A material entity that is ingested and contributes to survival, growth and development dietary nutritional component Material which remains after the removal of water from plant matter. dry matter dry plant matter Carbohydrates that are absorbed in the small intestine and provide carbohydrate for metabolism in monogastric animals. digestible carbohydrate available carbohydrate Available carbohydrate in monosaccharide and disaccharide form free sugar A carbohydrate that resists enzymatic digestion in the digestive systems of humans and other monogastric species. dietary fibre Dietary fibre which dissolves in water and is primarily fermented in the colon of monogastric animals by gut bacteria soluble dietary fibre A portion of starch that cannot be digested by amylases in the small intestine resistant starch Dietary fibre which does not dissolve in water and is inert to digestive enzymes in the upper gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals. insoluble dietary fibre A protein that accumulates in developing seeds or grains. seed storage protein A mineral nutrient that represents a major proportion of the minerals required in the diet macromineral macro element A mineral nutrient that is present in a very low concentration within the diet micromineral trace element A plant metabolite that is not essential for growth or division of plant cells. secondary metabolite plant secondary metabolite An organic molecule that has a vitamin(role) This term can be assigned to CHEBI or any other ontology that claims it vitamin (molecular entity) Amylopectin which is derived from starch. amylopectin derived from starch Amylose which is derived from starch. amylose derived from starch Galacturonan which is derived from pectin. galacturonan derived from pectin Rhamnogalacturonan which is derived from pectin. rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Mannan which is derived from hemicellulose. mannan derived from hemicellulose Xylan which is derived from hemicellulose. xylan derived from hemicellulose Xyloglucan which is derived from hemicellulose. xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Glucomannan which is derived from hemicellulose. glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Arabinoxylan which is derived from hemicellulose. arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Fructan which is derived from hemicellulose. fructan derived from hemicellulose Arabinan which is derived from hemicellulose. arabinan derived from hemicellulose Galactomannan which is derived from hemicellulose. galactomannan derived from hemicellulose Galactan which is derived from hemicellulose. galactan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from amylopectin derived from starch. glucose derived from amylopectin derived from starch Glucose which is derived from amylose derived from starch. glucose derived from amylose derived from starch Glucose which is derived from sucrose. glucose derived from sucrose Fructose which is derived from sucrose. fructose derived from sucrose Glucose which is derived from maltose. glucose derived from maltose Galacturonic acid which is derived from galacturonan derived from pectin. galacturonic acid derived from galacturonan derived from pectin Rhamnose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. rhamnose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin D-apiose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. D-apiose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Galacturonic acid which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. galacturonic acid derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Fucose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. fucose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Xylose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. xylose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Arabinose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. arabinose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Galactose which is derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin. galactose derived from rhamnogalacturonan derived from pectin Raffinose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Fructose which is derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from raffinose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Stachyose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharidee Fructose which is derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from stachyose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Verbascose which is derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Galactose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. galactose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. glucose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Fructose which is derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide. fructose derived from verbascose derived from raffinose family oligosaccharide Glucose which is derived from cellulose. glucose derived from cellulose Mannose which is derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose. mannose derived from mannan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from xylan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from xyloglucan derived from hemicellulose Glucose which is derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose. glucose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Mannose which is derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose. mannose derived from glucomannan derived from hemicellulose Arabinose which is derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose. arabinose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Xylose which is derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose. xylose derived from arabinoxylan derived from hemicellulose Inulin which is derived from fructan. inulin derived from fructan Fructose which is derived from inulin derived from fructan. fructose derived from inulin derived from fructan Amino acid which is derived from protein. amino acid derived from protein The concentration of dietary nutritional component when measured in some material entity. material entity dietary nutritional component concentration concentration of dietary nutritional component in material entity The concentration of water when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: WATER USDA_NDB: 1051 material entity water concentration concentration of water in material entity The concentration of dry plant matter when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: DM INFOODs: SOLID INFOODs: SOLO material entity dry plant matter concentration concentration of dry plant matter in material entity The concentration of ash when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ASH USDA_NDB: 1007 material entity ash concentration concentration of ash in material entity The concentration of carbohydrate when measured in some material entity. USDA_NDB: 1005 USDA_NDB: 1050 USDA_NDB: 1072 material entity carbohydrate concentration concentration of carbohydrate in material entity The concentration of polysaccharide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: POLYSAC material entity polysaccharide concentration concentration of polysaccharide in material entity The concentration of starch when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STARCH INFOODs: STARCH- INFOODs: STARCHM USDA_NDB: 1009 material entity starch concentration concentration of starch in material entity The concentration of pectin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PECT material entity pectin concentration concentration of pectin in material entity The concentration of cellulose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CELLU material entity cellulose concentration concentration of cellulose in material entity The concentration of hemicellulose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HEMCEL material entity hemicellulose concentration concentration of hemicellulose in material entity The concentration of inulin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: INULN USDA_NDB: 1403 material entity inulin concentration concentration of inulin in material entity The concentration of monosaccharide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MNSAC material entity monosaccharide concentration concentration of monosaccharide in material entity The concentration of glucose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLUFB INFOODs: GLUS USDA_NDB: 1011 material entity glucose concentration concentration of glucose in material entity The concentration of fructose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FRUFB INFOODs: FRUS USDA_NDB: 1012 material entity fructose concentration concentration of fructose in material entity The concentration of rhamnose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RHAFB INFOODs: RHAS material entity rhamnose concentration concentration of rhamnose in material entity The concentration of D-apiose when measured in some material entity. material entity D-apiose concentration concentration of D-apiose in material entity The concentration of galacturonic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GALAAC material entity galacturonic acid concentration concentration of galacturonic acid in material entity The concentration of fucose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FUCOS material entity fucose concentration concentration of fucose in material entity The concentration of xylose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: XYLFB material entity xylose concentration concentration of xylose in material entity The concentration of arabinose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ARAFB INFOODs: ARAS material entity arabinose concentration concentration of arabinose in material entity The concentration of galactose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GALS USDA_NDB: 1075 material entity galactose concentration concentration of galactose in material entity The concentration of mannose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MANFB INFOODs: MANS material entity mannose concentration concentration of mannose in material entity The concentration of ribose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RIBS USDA_NDB: 1081 material entity ribose concentration concentration of ribose in material entity The concentration of disaccharide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: DISAC material entity disaccharide concentration concentration of disaccharide in material entity The concentration of sucrose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SUCS USDA_NDB: 1010 material entity sucrose concentration concentration of sucrose in material entity The concentration of trehalose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TRES material entity trehalose concentration concentration of trehalose in material entity The concentration of maltose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MALS USDA_NDB: 1014 material entity maltose concentration concentration of maltose in material entity The concentration of oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: OLSAC INFOODs: OLSACM material entity oligosaccharide concentration concentration of oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of raffinose family oligosaccharide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RAFS material entity raffinose family oligosaccharide concentration concentration of raffinose family oligosaccharide in material entity The concentration of raffinose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RAFS material entity raffinose concentration concentration of raffinose in material entity The concentration of stachyose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STAS INFOODs: STASM material entity stachyose concentration concentration of stachyose in material entity The concentration of verbascose when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VERS INFOODs: VERSM material entity verbascose concentration concentration of verbascose in material entity The concentration of available carbohydrate when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CHOAVL INFOODs: CHOAVL- INFOODs: CHOAVLDF INFOODs: CHOAVLM INFOODs: CHOAVLO USDA_NDB: 1005 material entity available carbohydrate concentration concentration of available carbohydrate in material entity The concentration of free sugar when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SUGAR INFOODs: SUGAR- INFOODs: SUGARM USDA_NDB: 1063 USDA_NDB: 1235 USDA_NDB: 2000 material entity free sugar concentration concentration of free sugar in material entity The concentration of dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FIB- INFOODs: FIBC INFOODs: FIBDF INFOODs: FIBTGLC USDA_NDB: 2033 material entity dietary fibre concentration concentration of dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of soluble dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FIBGLCSSOL INFOODs: PSACNSS USDA_NDB: 1082 material entity soluble dietary fibre concentration concentration of soluble dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of resistant starch when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STARES INFOODs: STARES1 INFOODs: STARES2 INFOODs: STARES3 INFOODs: STARES4 USDA_NDB: 1009 material entity resistant starch concentration concentration of resistant starch in material entity The concentration of insoluble dietary fibre when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FIBGLCSINS INFOODs: FIBGLCSINSOL INFOODs: FIBINS INFOODs: FIBTGLCS INFOODs:FIBC USDA_NDB: 1084 material entity insoluble dietary fibre concentration concentration of insoluble dietary fibre in material entity The concentration of fructan when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FRUTN INFOODs: FRUTNM material entity fructan concentration concentration of fructan in material entity The concentration of protein when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PROT- USDA_NDB: 1003 material entity protein concentration concentration of protein in material entity The concentration of seed storage protein when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PROTA INFOODs: PROTPL USDA_NDB: 1003 material entity seed storage protein concentration concentration of seed storage protein in material entity The concentration of albumin type when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ALBU material entity albumin type concentration concentration of albumin type in material entity The concentration of globulin type when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLOB material entity globulin type concentration concentration of globulin type in material entity The concentration of prolamin when measured in some material entity. material entity prolamin concentration concentration of prolamin in material entity The concentration of cruciferin when measured in some material entity. material entity cruciferin concentration concentration of cruciferin in material entity The concentration of glutenin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLUTN material entity glutenin concentration concentration of glutenin in material entity The concentration of alanine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ALA USDA_NDB: 1222 material entity alanine concentration concentration of alanine in material entity The concentration of arginine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ARG USDA_NDB: 1220 material entity arginine concentration concentration of arginine in material entity The concentration of asparagine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ASN material entity asparagine concentration concentration of asparagine in material entity The concentration of aspartic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ASP USDA_NDB: 1223 material entity aspartic acid concentration concentration of aspartic acid in material entity The concentration of cysteine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CYSTE USDA_NDB: 1232 material entity cysteine concentration concentration of cysteine in material entity The concentration of glutamic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLU USDA_NDB: 1224 material entity glutamic acid concentration concentration of glutamic acid in material entity The concentration of glutamine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLN USDA_NDB: 1233 material entity glutamine concentration concentration of glutamine in material entity The concentration of glycine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLY USDA_NDB: 1225 material entity glycine concentration concentration of glycine in material entity The concentration of histidine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HIS USDA_NDB: 1221 material entity histidine concentration concentration of histidine in material entity The concentration of hydroxyproline when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HYP USDA_NDB: 1228 material entity hydroxyproline concentration concentration of hydroxyproline in material entity The concentration of isoleucine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ILE USDA_NDB: 1212 material entity isoleucine concentration concentration of isoleucine in material entity The concentration of leucine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: LEU USDA_NDB: 1213 material entity leucine concentration concentration of leucine in material entity The concentration of lysine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: LYS USDA_NDB: 1214 material entity lysine concentration concentration of lysine in material entity The concentration of methionine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MET USDA_NDB: 1215 material entity methionine concentration concentration of methionine in material entity The concentration of phenylalanine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHE USDA_NDB: 1217 material entity phenylalanine concentration concentration of phenylalanine in material entity The concentration of proline when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PRO USDA_NDB: 1226 material entity proline concentration concentration of proline in material entity The concentration of serine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SER USDA_NDB: 1227 material entity serine concentration concentration of serine in material entity The concentration of threonine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: THR USDA_NDB: 1211 material entity threonine concentration concentration of threonine in material entity The concentration of tryptophan when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TRP USDA_NDB: 1210 material entity tryptophan concentration concentration of tryptophan in material entity The concentration of tyrosine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TYR USDA_NDB: 1218 material entity tyrosine concentration concentration of tyrosine in material entity The concentration of valine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VAL USDA_NDB: 1219 material entity valine concentration concentration of valine in material entity The concentration of lipid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FATPL USDA_NDB: 1004 material entity lipid concentration concentration of lipid in material entity The concentration of diglyceride when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: DGLY material entity diglyceride concentration concentration of diglyceride in material entity The concentration of cis-fatty acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FACIS material entity cis-fatty acid concentration concentration of cis-fatty acid in material entity The concentration of octanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity octanoic acid concentration concentration of octanoic acid in material entity The concentration of pentadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity pentadecanoic acid concentration concentration of pentadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of tetracosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity tetracosanoic acid concentration concentration of tetracosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of dodecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity dodecanoic acid concentration concentration of dodecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of tetradecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity tetradecanoic acid concentration concentration of tetradecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of hexadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hexadecanoic acid concentration concentration of hexadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of heptadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity heptadecanoic acid concentration concentration of heptadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of octadecanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity octadecanoic acid concentration concentration of octadecanoic acid in material entity The concentration of icosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosanoic acid concentration concentration of icosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosanoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosanoic acid concentration concentration of docosanoic acid in material entity The concentration of propionic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PROPAC material entity propionic acid concentration concentration of propionic acid in material entity The concentration of myristoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity myristoleic acid concentration concentration of myristoleic acid in material entity The concentration of palmitoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity palmitoleic acid concentration concentration of palmitoleic acid in material entity The concentration of oleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity oleic acid concentration concentration of oleic acid in material entity The concentration of palmitelaidic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity palmitelaidic acid concentration concentration of palmitelaidic acid in material entity The concentration of elaidic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity elaidic acid concentration concentration of elaidic acid in material entity The concentration of vaccenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity vaccenic acid concentration concentration of vaccenic acid in material entity The concentration of (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid concentration concentration of (11Z)-icos-11-enoic acid in material entity The concentration of erucic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity erucic acid concentration concentration of erucic acid in material entity The concentration of (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid concentration concentration of (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid in material entity The concentration of ω−3 fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ω−3 fatty acid concentration concentration of ω−3 fatty acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-icosa-11,14,17-trienoic acid in material entity The concentration of eicosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity eicosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of eicosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid concentration concentration of 6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z-tetracosahexaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of α-linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity α-linolenic acid concentration concentration of α-linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of icosapentaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosapentaenoic acid concentration concentration of icosapentaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosapentaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosapentaenoic acid concentration concentration of docosapentaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosahexaenoic acid concentration concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in material entity The concentration of 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of 9-hydroxy-5E,7Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity linolenic acid concentration concentration of linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of ω−6 fatty acid when measured in some material entity. material entity ω−6 fatty acid concentration concentration of ω−6 fatty acid in material entity The concentration of linoleic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity linoleic acid concentration concentration of linoleic acid in material entity The concentration of all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid concentration concentration of all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid in material entity The concentration of γ-linolenic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity γ-linolenic acid concentration concentration of γ-linolenic acid in material entity The concentration of icosadienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity icosadienoic acid concentration concentration of icosadienoic acid in material entity The concentration of arachidonic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity arachidonic acid concentration concentration of arachidonic acid in material entity The concentration of docosadienoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity docosadienoic acid concentration concentration of docosadienoic acid in material entity The concentration of 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid concentration concentration of 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid in material entity The concentration of trans-fatty acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FATRN USDA_NDB: 1257 material entity trans-fatty acid concentration concentration of trans-fatty acid in material entity The concentration of capsaicin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CAPSA material entity capsaicin concentration concentration of capsaicin in material entity The concentration of phospholipid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHOLIP material entity phospholipid concentration concentration of phospholipid in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylcholine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CHLNP material entity phosphatidylcholine concentration concentration of phosphatidylcholine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHOETHN material entity phosphatidylethanolamine concentration concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidyl-L-serine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHOSER material entity phosphatidyl-L-serine concentration concentration of phosphatidyl-L-serine in material entity The concentration of phosphatidylinositol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHOINOTL material entity phosphatidylinositol concentration concentration of phosphatidylinositol in material entity The concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine when measured in some material entity. material entity lysophosphatidylcholine concentration concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine in material entity The concentration of glycolipid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GLYLIP material entity glycolipid concentration concentration of glycolipid in material entity The concentration of glycoglycerolipid when measured in some material entity. material entity glycoglycerolipid concentration concentration of glycoglycerolipid in material entity The concentration of sterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STEOTH INFOODs: STERFRE INFOODs: STERT material entity sterol concentration concentration of sterol in material entity The concentration of campestanol when measured in some material entity. USDA_NDB: 1289 material entity campestanol concentration concentration of campestanol in material entity The concentration of cholesterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CHOLEST USDA_NDB: 1253 material entity cholesterol concentration concentration of cholesterol in material entity The concentration of lupeol when measured in some material entity. material entity lupeol concentration concentration of lupeol in material entity The concentration of phytosterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PHYSTR USDA_NDB: 1283 material entity phytosterol concentration concentration of phytosterol in material entity The concentration of avenasterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: AVEDT material entity avenasterol concentration concentration of avenasterol in material entity The concentration of isofucosterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: AVED5 USDA_NDB: 1296 material entity isofucosterol concentration concentration of isofucosterol in material entity The concentration of delta7-avenasterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: AVED7 material entity delta7-avenasterol concentration concentration of delta7-avenasterol in material entity The concentration of brassicasterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: BRASTR USDA_NDB: 1287 material entity brassicasterol concentration concentration of brassicasterol in material entity The concentration of campesterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CAMT USDA_NDB: 1286 material entity campesterol concentration concentration of campesterol in material entity The concentration of ergosterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ERGSTR material entity ergosterol concentration concentration of ergosterol in material entity The concentration of sitosterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SITSTR material entity sitosterol concentration concentration of sitosterol in material entity The concentration of stigmastanol when measured in some material entity. material entity stigmastanol concentration concentration of stigmastanol in material entity The concentration of stigmasterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STGSTR USDA_NDB: 1285 material entity stigmasterol concentration concentration of stigmasterol in material entity The concentration of delta7-stigmasterol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: STID7 material entity delta7-stigmasterol concentration concentration of delta7-stigmasterol in material entity The concentration of mineral nutrient when measured in some material entity. material entity mineral nutrient concentration concentration of mineral nutrient in material entity The concentration of macro element when measured in some material entity. material entity macro element concentration concentration of macro element in material entity The concentration of calcium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CA USDA_NDB: 1087 material entity calcium atom concentration concentration of calcium atom in material entity The concentration of chloride when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CLD material entity chloride concentration concentration of chloride in material entity The concentration of magnesium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MG USDA_NDB: 1090 material entity magnesium atom concentration concentration of magnesium atom in material entity The concentration of nitrogen atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NAM INFOODs: NT USDA_NDB: 1002 material entity nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in material entity The concentration of phosphorus atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: P USDA_NDB: 1091 material entity phosphorus atom concentration concentration of phosphorus atom in material entity The concentration of potassium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: K USDA_NDB: 1092 material entity potassium atom concentration concentration of potassium atom in material entity The concentration of sodium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NA USDA_NDB: 1093 material entity sodium atom concentration concentration of sodium atom in material entity The concentration of sulfur atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: S USDA_NDB: 1094 material entity sulfur atom concentration concentration of sulfur atom in material entity The concentration of trace element when measured in some material entity. material entity trace element concentration concentration of trace element in material entity The concentration of aluminium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: AL material entity aluminium atom concentration concentration of aluminium atom in material entity The concentration of antimony atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SB material entity antimony atom concentration concentration of antimony atom in material entity The concentration of arsenic atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: AS material entity arsenic atom concentration concentration of arsenic atom in material entity The concentration of boron atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: B USDA_NDB: 1137 material entity boron atom concentration concentration of boron atom in material entity The concentration of cadmium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CD material entity cadmium atom concentration concentration of cadmium atom in material entity The concentration of chromium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CR USDA_NDB: 1096 material entity chromium atom concentration concentration of chromium atom in material entity The concentration of cobalt atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CO USDA_NDB: 1097 material entity cobalt atom concentration concentration of cobalt atom in material entity The concentration of copper atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CU USDA_NDB: 1098 material entity copper atom concentration concentration of copper atom in material entity The concentration of fluoride when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FD USDA_NDB: 1099 material entity fluoride concentration concentration of fluoride in material entity The concentration of iodine atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ID USDA_NDB: 1100 material entity iodine atom concentration concentration of iodine atom in material entity The concentration of iron atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FE USDA_NDB: 1089 material entity iron atom concentration concentration of iron atom in material entity The concentration of lead atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PB material entity lead atom concentration concentration of lead atom in material entity The concentration of lithium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: LI material entity lithium atom concentration concentration of lithium atom in material entity The concentration of manganese atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MN USDA_NDB: 1101 material entity manganese atom concentration concentration of manganese atom in material entity The concentration of mercury atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HG material entity mercury atom concentration concentration of mercury atom in material entity The concentration of molybdenum atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MO USDA_NDB: 1102 material entity molybdenum atom concentration concentration of molybdenum atom in material entity The concentration of nickel atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NI USDA_NDB: 1146 material entity nickel atom concentration concentration of nickel atom in material entity The concentration of rubidium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RB material entity rubidium atom concentration concentration of rubidium atom in material entity The concentration of selenium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SE USDA_NDB: 1103 material entity selenium atom concentration concentration of selenium atom in material entity The concentration of strontium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SR material entity strontium atom concentration concentration of strontium atom in material entity The concentration of tin atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SN material entity tin atom concentration concentration of tin atom in material entity The concentration of titanium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TI material entity titanium atom concentration concentration of titanium atom in material entity The concentration of vanadium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: V material entity vanadium atom concentration concentration of vanadium atom in material entity The concentration of zinc atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ZN USDA_NDB: 1095 material entity zinc atom concentration concentration of zinc atom in material entity The concentration of barium(0) when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: BA material entity barium(0) concentration concentration of barium(0) in material entity The concentration of caesium atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CS material entity caesium atom concentration concentration of caesium atom in material entity The concentration of bismuth atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: BI material entity bismuth atom concentration concentration of bismuth atom in material entity The concentration of lanthanum atom when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: LA material entity lanthanum atom concentration concentration of lanthanum atom in material entity The concentration of salt when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NACL material entity salt concentration concentration of salt in material entity The concentration of sodium chloride when measured in some material entity. material entity sodium chloride concentration concentration of sodium chloride in material entity The concentration of inorganic nitrate salt when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NITRA INFOODs: NITRI material entity inorganic nitrate salt concentration concentration of inorganic nitrate salt in material entity The concentration of bromide when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: BRD material entity bromide concentration concentration of bromide in material entity The concentration of vitamin (molecular entity) when measured in some material entity. material entity vitamin (molecular entity) concentration concentration of vitamin (molecular entity) in material entity The concentration of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid when measured in some material entity. USDA_NDB: 1192 material entity 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid concentration concentration of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid in material entity The concentration of B vitamin when measured in some material entity. material entity B vitamin concentration concentration of B vitamin in material entity The concentration of (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate when measured in some material entity. material entity (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate concentration concentration of (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate in material entity The concentration of vitamin B1 when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: THIA- USDA_NDB: 1165 material entity vitamin B1 concentration concentration of vitamin B1 in material entity The concentration of riboflavin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: RIBF USDA_NDB: 1166 material entity riboflavin concentration concentration of riboflavin in material entity The concentration of nicotinic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NIA- USDA_NDB: 1167 material entity nicotinic acid concentration concentration of nicotinic acid in material entity The concentration of (R)-pantothenic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PANTAC USDA_NDB: 1170 material entity (R)-pantothenic acid concentration concentration of (R)-pantothenic acid in material entity The concentration of pyridoxine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PYRXN material entity pyridoxine concentration concentration of pyridoxine in material entity The concentration of biotin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: BIOT USDA_NDB: 1176 material entity biotin concentration concentration of biotin in material entity The concentration of folic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FOLAC USDA_NDB: 1186 material entity folic acid concentration concentration of folic acid in material entity The concentration of cyanocob(III)alamin when measured in some material entity. material entity cyanocob(III)alamin concentration concentration of cyanocob(III)alamin in material entity The concentration of vitamin C when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VITC INFOODs: VITC- USDA_NDB: 1162 material entity vitamin C concentration concentration of vitamin C in material entity The concentration of L-ascorbic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ASCL material entity L-ascorbic acid concentration concentration of L-ascorbic acid in material entity The concentration of vitamin A when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VITA INFOODs: VITA- INFOODs: VITAA USDA_NDB: 1104 USDA_NDB: 1106 material entity vitamin A concentration concentration of vitamin A in material entity The concentration of carotenoid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CARTOID material entity carotenoid concentration concentration of carotenoid in material entity The concentration of α-carotene when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CARTA USDA_NDB: 1108 material entity α-carotene concentration concentration of α-carotene in material entity The concentration of β-carotene when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CARTB USDA_NDB: 1107 material entity β-carotene concentration concentration of β-carotene in material entity The concentration of 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CARTB USDA_NDB: 2028 material entity 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene concentration concentration of 4-hydroxy-all-trans-β-carotene in material entity The concentration of 9-cis-β-carotene when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CARTBCIS USDA_NDB: 1159 material entity 9-cis-β-carotene concentration concentration of 9-cis-β-carotene in material entity The concentration of vitamin D when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VITD INFOODs: VITD- USDA_NDB: 1110 material entity vitamin D concentration concentration of vitamin D in material entity The concentration of calcidiol when measured in some material entity. material entity calcidiol concentration concentration of calcidiol in material entity The concentration of vitamin E when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VITE INFOODs: VITE- INFOODs: VITEA USDA_NDB: 1124 USDA_NDB: 1158 USDA_NDB: 1242 material entity vitamin E concentration concentration of vitamin E in material entity The concentration of tocopherol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCPHT material entity tocopherol concentration concentration of tocopherol in material entity The concentration of α-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCPHA USDA_NDB: 1109 material entity α-tocopherol concentration concentration of α-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of β-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCPHB USDA_NDB: 1125 material entity β-tocopherol concentration concentration of β-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of γ-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCPHG USDA_NDB: 1126 material entity γ-tocopherol concentration concentration of γ-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of δ-tocopherol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCPHD USDA_NDB: 1127 material entity δ-tocopherol concentration concentration of δ-tocopherol in material entity The concentration of tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCTRT material entity tocotrienol concentration concentration of tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of α-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCTRA USDA_NDB: 1128 material entity α-tocotrienol concentration concentration of α-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of β-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCTRB USDA_NDB: 1129 material entity β-tocotrienol concentration concentration of β-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of γ-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCTRG USDA_NDB: 1130 material entity γ-tocotrienol concentration concentration of γ-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of δ-tocotrienol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TOCTRD USDA_NDB: 1131 material entity δ-tocotrienol concentration concentration of δ-tocotrienol in material entity The concentration of vitamin K when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VITK material entity vitamin K concentration concentration of vitamin K in material entity The concentration of plant secondary metabolite when measured in some material entity. material entity plant secondary metabolite concentration concentration of plant secondary metabolite in material entity The concentration of alkaloid when measured in some material entity. material entity alkaloid concentration concentration of alkaloid in material entity The concentration of caffeine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CAFFN USDA_NDB: 1057 material entity caffeine concentration concentration of caffeine in material entity The concentration of mescaline when measured in some material entity. material entity mescaline concentration concentration of mescaline in material entity The concentration of theobromine when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: THEBRN USDA_NDB: 1058 material entity theobromine concentration concentration of theobromine in material entity The concentration of phenols when measured in some material entity. material entity phenols concentration concentration of phenols in material entity The concentration of polyphenol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: POLYPHENT material entity polyphenol concentration concentration of polyphenol in material entity The concentration of tannin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TAN material entity tannin concentration concentration of tannin in material entity The concentration of chlorogenic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CHLRAC material entity chlorogenic acid concentration concentration of chlorogenic acid in material entity The concentration of proanthocyanidin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PAPOLY INFOODs: TAN material entity proanthocyanidin concentration concentration of proanthocyanidin in material entity The concentration of hydrolysable tannin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: TAN material entity hydrolysable tannin concentration concentration of hydrolysable tannin in material entity The concentration of ellagitannin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: ELLAC material entity ellagitannin concentration concentration of ellagitannin in material entity The concentration of gallotannin when measured in some material entity. material entity gallotannin concentration concentration of gallotannin in material entity The concentration of phlorotannin when measured in some material entity. material entity phlorotannin concentration concentration of phlorotannin in material entity The concentration of catechol when measured in some material entity. material entity catechol concentration concentration of catechol in material entity The concentration of phloroglucinol when measured in some material entity. material entity phloroglucinol concentration concentration of phloroglucinol in material entity The concentration of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: EPICATEGC USDA_NDB: 1368 material entity (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate concentration concentration of (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate in material entity The concentration of phenolic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phenolic acid concentration concentration of phenolic acid in material entity The concentration of gallic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: GALLAC material entity gallic acid concentration concentration of gallic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroxybenzoic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxybenzoic acid concentration concentration of hydroxybenzoic acid in material entity The concentration of salicylic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SALAC material entity salicylic acid concentration concentration of salicylic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside concentration concentration of hydroquinone O-β-D-glucopyranoside in material entity The concentration of vanillic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: VANAC material entity vanillic acid concentration concentration of vanillic acid in material entity The concentration of syringic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SYRAC material entity syringic acid concentration concentration of syringic acid in material entity The concentration of methyl ketone when measured in some material entity. material entity methyl ketone concentration concentration of methyl ketone in material entity The concentration of acetophenone when measured in some material entity. material entity acetophenone concentration concentration of acetophenone in material entity The concentration of phenylacetic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylacetic acid concentration concentration of phenylacetic acid in material entity The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid when measured in some material entity. material entity hydroxycinnamic acid concentration concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid in material entity The concentration of caffeic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: CAFFAC material entity caffeic acid concentration concentration of caffeic acid in material entity The concentration of sinapic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: SINPAC material entity sinapic acid concentration concentration of sinapic acid in material entity The concentration of chromones when measured in some material entity. material entity chromones concentration concentration of chromones in material entity The concentration of Chicoric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity Chicoric acid concentration concentration of Chicoric acid in material entity The concentration of coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity coumaric acid concentration concentration of coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 4-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: PCHOUAC material entity 4-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 4-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 2-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 2-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 2-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of 3-coumaric acid when measured in some material entity. material entity 3-coumaric acid concentration concentration of 3-coumaric acid in material entity The concentration of ferulic acid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FERAC material entity ferulic acid concentration concentration of ferulic acid in material entity The concentration of scopoletin when measured in some material entity. material entity scopoletin concentration concentration of scopoletin in material entity The concentration of phenylpropane when measured in some material entity. material entity phenylpropane concentration concentration of phenylpropane in material entity The concentration of napthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity napthoquinone concentration concentration of napthoquinone in material entity The concentration of 1,2-napthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity 1,2-napthoquinone concentration concentration of 1,2-napthoquinone in material entity The concentration of 1,4-napthoquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity 1,4-napthoquinone concentration concentration of 1,4-napthoquinone in material entity The concentration of juglone when measured in some material entity. material entity juglone concentration concentration of juglone in material entity The concentration of stilbenoid when measured in some material entity. material entity stilbenoid concentration concentration of stilbenoid in material entity The concentration of stilbene when measured in some material entity. material entity stilbene concentration concentration of stilbene in material entity The concentration of anthraquinone when measured in some material entity. material entity anthraquinone concentration concentration of anthraquinone in material entity The concentration of aglycone when measured in some material entity. material entity aglycone concentration concentration of aglycone in material entity The concentration of emodin when measured in some material entity. material entity emodin concentration concentration of emodin in material entity The concentration of xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthones concentration concentration of xanthones in material entity The concentration of simple oxygenated xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity simple oxygenated xanthones concentration concentration of simple oxygenated xanthones in material entity The concentration of xanthone glycoside when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthone glycoside concentration concentration of xanthone glycoside in material entity The concentration of prenylated and related xanthones when measured in some material entity. material entity prenylated and related xanthones concentration concentration of prenylated and related xanthones in material entity The concentration of xanthonolignoid when measured in some material entity. material entity xanthonolignoid concentration concentration of xanthonolignoid in material entity The concentration of flavonoids when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FLAVD material entity flavonoids concentration concentration of flavonoids in material entity The concentration of flavonoid when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: FLAVD material entity flavonoid concentration concentration of flavonoid in material entity The concentration of malvidin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: MALVIDIN material entity malvidin concentration concentration of malvidin in material entity The concentration of kaempferol when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: KAEMF material entity kaempferol concentration concentration of kaempferol in material entity The concentration of flavan when measured in some material entity. material entity flavan concentration concentration of flavan in material entity The concentration of flavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity flavanone concentration concentration of flavanone in material entity The concentration of 6-prenylnaringenin when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-prenylnaringenin concentration concentration of 6-prenylnaringenin in material entity The concentration of sophoraflavanone B when measured in some material entity. material entity sophoraflavanone B concentration concentration of sophoraflavanone B in material entity The concentration of eriocitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity eriocitrin concentration concentration of eriocitrin in material entity The concentration of eriodictyol when measured in some material entity. material entity eriodictyol concentration concentration of eriodictyol in material entity The concentration of hesperetin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HESPT material entity hesperetin concentration concentration of hesperetin in material entity The concentration of hesperidin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: HESPD material entity hesperidin concentration concentration of hesperidin in material entity The concentration of homoeriodictyol when measured in some material entity. material entity homoeriodictyol concentration concentration of homoeriodictyol in material entity The concentration of 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone concentration concentration of 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone in material entity The concentration of naringenin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NARING material entity naringenin concentration concentration of naringenin in material entity The concentration of naringin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NARIN material entity naringin concentration concentration of naringin in material entity The concentration of narirutin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: NARIR material entity narirutin concentration concentration of narirutin in material entity The concentration of neoeriocitrin when measured in some material entity. material entity neoeriocitrin concentration concentration of neoeriocitrin in material entity The concentration of neohesperidin when measured in some material entity. material entity neohesperidin concentration concentration of neohesperidin in material entity The concentration of pinocembrin when measured in some material entity. material entity pinocembrin concentration concentration of pinocembrin in material entity The concentration of (2S)-poncirin when measured in some material entity. material entity (2S)-poncirin concentration concentration of (2S)-poncirin in material entity The concentration of sakuranetin when measured in some material entity. material entity sakuranetin concentration concentration of sakuranetin in material entity The concentration of flavone when measured in some material entity. material entity flavone concentration concentration of flavone in material entity The concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-hydroxyluteolin concentration concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin in material entity The concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside when measured in some material entity. material entity 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside concentration concentration of 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside in material entity The concentration of 4',7-dihydroxyflavone when measured in some material entity. material entity 4',7-dihydroxyflavone concentration concentration of 4',7-dihydroxyflavone in material entity The concentration of apigenin when measured in some material entity. INFOODs: APIGEN material entity apigenin concentration concentration of apigenin in material entity The concentration of baicalein when measured in some material entity. material entity baicalein concentration concentration of baicalein in material entity The concentration of chrysin when measured in some material entity. material entity chrysin concentration concentration of chrysin in material entity The concentration of cirsilineol when measured in some material entity. material entity cirsilineol concentration concentration of cirsilineol in material entity The concentration of cirsimaritin when measured in some material entity. material entity cirsimaritin concentration concentration of cirsimaritin in material entity The concentration of diosmin when measured in some material entity. material entity diosmin concentration concentration of diosmin in material entity The concentration of dihydromyricetin when measured in some material entity. material entity dihydromyricetin concentration concentration of dihydromyricetin in material entity The concentration of eupatorin when measured in some material entity. material entity eupatorin concentration concentration of eupatorin in material entity The concentration of gardenin B when measured in some material entity. material entity gardenin B concentration concentration of gardenin B in material entity The concentration of geraldone when measured in some material entity. material entity geraldone concentration concentration of geraldone in material entity </