]> entity continuant occurrent b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant material entity material entity immaterial entity anatomical entity connected anatomical structure material anatomical entity biological entity An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. processual entity Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. cervix BTO:0001421 BTO:0002249 CALOHA:TS-0134 EFO:0000979 EMAPA:29927 EV:0100114 FMA:17740 GAID:376 MA:0000392 MAT:0000292 MESH:D002584 NCIT:C12311 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVipEJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0007874 VHOG:0001359 galen:CervixUteri canalis cervicis uteri caudal segment of uterus cervical canal of uterus cervix uteri neck of uterus uterine cervix uterine cervix Orifice of the olfactory system. The naris is the route by which odorants enter the olfactory system[MAH]. AAO:0000311 EHDAA2:0001225 EHDAA:9083 EMAPA:17847 MA:0000282 VHOG:0000663 galen:Naris naris An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. AEO:0000094 BSA:0000121 BTO:0000202 CALOHA:TS-2043 EHDAA2:0001824 EHDAA:500 EMAPA:35955 FBbt:00005155 GAID:63 HAO:0000930 MA:0000017 MESH:D012679 NCIT:C33224 UMLS:C0935626 VHOG:0001407 WBbt:0006929 organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum sense organ Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. CALOHA:TS-0051 FMA:71012 skin appendage epidermal appendage cutaneous appendage One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. BTO:0000447 EFO:0000955 GAID:1214 MAT:0000156 MESH:D005241 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjW-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA feather Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. galen:Tube anatomical tube duct tube Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph. BTO:0000784 CALOHA:TS-0579 EFO:0000872 EMAPA:35523 EV:0100050 FMA:5034 GAID:947 MA:0000139 MAT:0000442 MESH:D008198 NCIT:C12745 NCIT:C33027 OpenCyc:Mx4rwLPqLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO_RETIRED:0005318 UMLS:C0024204 VHOG:0001273 ZFA_RETIRED:0005318 galen:Lymphnode lymph node The fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. BTO:0001426 CALOHA:TS-1132 EFO:0000931 EMAPA:30901 EV:0100099 FMA:19667 GAID:390 MA:0000379 MAT:0000121 MESH:D014521 MIAA:0000121 NCIT:C12417 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjkypwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0041967 VHOG:0001264 XAO:0000153 galen:Urethra urethra A subdivision of the digestive tract that connects the small intestine to the cloaca or anus. Lacks or has few villi[Kardong]. AAO:0010396 BTO:0000706 CALOHA:TS-1306 EFO:0000840 EMAPA:19252 EV:0100077 FMA:7201 GAID:306 MA:0000333 MESH:A03.492.411.495 MIAA:0000046 NCIT:C12379 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkF5pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0021851 VHOG:0000054 XAO:0000131 galen:LargeIntestine large intestine Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 OpenCyc:Mx4rv5XMb5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3iWpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 organ A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. AAO:0011124 BIRNLEX:16 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 cardinal organ part organ part Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts. EHDAA2:0001606 EHDAA:1568 EHDAA:2219 EMAPA:16737 FMA:265130 OpenCyc:Mx4rvvM--pwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA VHOG:0000393 respiratory tract A life cycle stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the fully formed embryo. BilaDO:0000002 EV:0300001 FBdv:00005289 FMA:72652 HsapDv:0000002 MmusDv:0000002 OGES:000000 OGES:000022 WBls:0000003 WBls:0000092 WBls:0000102 XAO:1000012 embryonic stage embryo stage A distinct juvenile stage many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. BTO:0000915 BTO:0000954 EFO:0001303 FBdv:00005336 MIAA:0000400 OGES:000008 ZFS:0000048 larva stage ammocoete ammocoete stage bipinnaria bipinnaria stage caterpillar caterpillar stage glochidium glochidium stage grub grub stage leptocephalus leptocephalus stage maggot maggot stage metacestode naiad, nymph naiad, nymph stage nauplius nauplius stage nymph nymph stage planula planula stage tornaria trochophore trochophore stage veliger veliger stage wriggler wriggler stage zoea zoea stage larval stage End of the life of an organism. XAO:0000437 XtroDO:0000085 death stage An section of a respiratory tract. EMAPA:16737 FMA:45660 MA:0000434 proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:0010322 FMA:85544 NCIT:C34076 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision subdivision of skeletal system A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. BILS:0000105 EFO:0000399 FBdv:00007012 FMA:24120 HsapDv:0000000 MmusDv:0000000 OlatDv:0000010 PdumDv:0000090 WBls:0000002 XAO:1000000 ZFS:0000000 ZFS:0100000 ncithesaurus:Developmental_Stage developmental stage stage life cycle stage The epithelial layer of the lung. BTO:0001653 EMAPA:32860 MA:0001783 epithelial tissue of lung epithelium of lung lung epithelial tissue lung epithelium A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. EMAPA:37946 FMA:12224 segment of tracheobronchial tree respiratory conducting tube segment of tracheobronchial tree tracheobronchial tree segment respiratory tube Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. AAO:0000246 ANISEED:1235303 BSA:0000093 BTO:0000648 CALOHA:TS-0490 EFO:0000834 EMAPA:32874 EV:0100071 FMA:7199 GAID:295 MA:0000328 MA:0001524 MESH:A03.492.411 MIAA:0000043 NCIT:C12736 TAO:0001338 UMLS:C0021853 VHOG:0000056 WBbt:0005772 XAO:0000129 ZFA:0001338 galen:Intestine bowel intestine Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. anatomical ostium ostium FMA:3724 anatomical orifice hilum orifice Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. AAO:0000095 GAID:1206 MESH:D002988 NCIT:C34127 UMLS:C0008987 VHOG:0001186 XAO:0000244 ZFA:0005781 cloaca The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVidh5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth regio oralis adult mouth mouth A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis. FMA:222905 proximal-distal subdivision of colon Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. EMAPA:17607 SPD:0000428 TGMA:0001247 apparatus respiratorius organ breathing organ organ of apparatus respiratorius organ of respiratory system respiratory organ respiratory system organ respiration organ Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. BTO:0000068 CALOHA:TS-0034 EMAPA:36771 ENVO:02000021 EV:0100123 FMA:305905 GAID:1155 MA:0002893 MESH:D000653 NCIT:C13188 UMLS:C0002638 VHOG:0001267 amniotic fluid A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. UBERON:0000324 UBERON:0007550 AEO:0000184 BTO:0000491 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003184 ENVO:02000022 FMA:9674 galen:Excretion excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance excreta A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. AAO:0000046 BTO:0000089 CALOHA:TS-0079 EFO:0000296 EHDAA2:0000176 EHDAA:418 EMAPA:16332 ENVO:02000027 EV:0100047 FMA:9670 GAID:965 MA:0000059 MESH:D001769 MIAA:0000315 NCIT:C12434 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjI8JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000007 UMLS:C0005767 VHOG:0000224 XAO:0000124 ZFA:0000007 galen:Blood portion of blood vertebrate blood blood Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. CARO:0000081 haemolymphatic fluid A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 NCIT:C13166 OpenCyc:Mx4rvmKNOpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0026724 galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa mucosa A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. UBERON:0006540 secretion AEO:0001005 BTO:0002977 BTO:0002979 EMAPA:36535 FMA:9675 MA:0002504 MESH:D012634 NCIT:C34062 UMLS:C1516992 galen:Secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance secretion of exocrine gland Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. AAO:0010839 AEO:0000004 BILA:0000004 CALOHA:TS-2101 CARO:0000004 EHDAA2:0003004 EMAPA:35178 FBbt:00007019 FMA:9669 HAO:0000004 MA:0002450 NCIT:C13236 SPD:0000008 TAO:0001487 TGMA:0001824 VHOG:0001726 XAO:0004001 ZFA:0001487 galen:BodySubstance body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance organism substance Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space AAO:0010110 AEO:0000005 BILA:0000005 CARO:0000005 EHDAA2:0003005 FBbt:00007017 FMA:5897 HAO:0000005 NCIT:C94478 TAO:0001668 TGMA:0001825 UMLS:C0524461 VHOG:0001728 XAO:0003190 ZFA:0001643 lumen space anatomical space Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has no mass. AAO:0010265 AEO:0000007 BILA:0000007 CARO:0000007 EHDAA2:0003007 FBbt:00007015 FMA:67112 HAO:0000007 TAO:0001835 TGMA:0001827 VHOG:0001727 immaterial physical anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 OpenCyc:Mx4rCWM0QCtDEdyAAADggVbxzQ TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical system Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism AAO:0010026 AEO:0000191 BILA:0000012 BIRNLEX:18 BSA:0000038 BTO:0000042 CARO:0000012 EFO:0002906 EHDAA2:0003103 EHDAA2:0003191 EHDAA:1 EMAPA:25765 EV:0100016 FBbt:00000001 FMA:256135 HAO:0000012 NCIT:C13041 TADS:0000001 TAO:0001094 TGMA:0001832 VHOG:0000671 WBbt:0007833 XAO:0003004 ZFA:0001094 galen:Organism ncithesaurus:Whole_Organism multi-cellular organism animal multicellular organism Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViAHJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region organism subdivision Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. AAO:0010268 AEO:0000040 BILA:0000040 CARO:0000040 EHDAA2:0003040 FBbt:00007013 FMA:63863 HAO:0000040 TAO:0000382 TGMA:0001841 XAO:0003162 ZFA:0000382 acellular anatomical structure Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 BIRNLEX:19 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 NCIT:C12801 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. AAO:0000144 AAO:0010055 AEO:0000066 BILA:0000066 BTO:0000416 CALOHA:TS-0288 CARO:0000066 EHDAA2:0003066 EMAPA:32738 FBbt:00007005 FMA:9639 GAID:402 HAO:0000066 MA:0003060 MESH:D004848 NCIT:C12710 TAO:0001486 UMLS:C0014609 VHOG:0000387 XAO:0003045 ZFA:0001486 epithelial tissue portion of epithelium Editor note: surface epithelium may contain non-epithelial cells, such as melanocytes, lymphocytes and dendritic cells, within the sheet of epithelial cells. Do we consider these part of the epithelium, or located-in it? epithelium Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. columnar epithelium columnar epithlium AAO:0010063 AEO:0000068 BILA:0000068 CARO:0000068 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003068 FBbt:00007027 FMA:45567 HAO:0000068 NCIT:C33552 TAO:0001496 UMLS:C0836135 XAO:0004008 ZFA:0001496 epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium simple columnar epithelium Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. AAO:0010016 AEO:0000072 BILA:0000072 CARO:0000072 EHDAA2:0003072 FMA:55671 HAO:0000072 TAO:0001490 TGMA:0001857 VHOG:0001730 XAO:0003165 ZFA:0001490 cavitated organ cavitated compound organ Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. AAO:0010062 AEO:0000073 BILA:0000073 BTO:0002073 CARO:0000073 EHDAA2:0003073 FMA:45561 HAO:0000073 NCIT:C33554 TAO:0001495 UMLS:C0682574 XAO:0004007 ZFA:0001495 simple epithelium unilaminar epithelium The ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle situated at the junction of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum. FMA:15973 NCIT:C13066 UMLS:C0020880 galen:IleocecalValve valva ileocaecalis (valva ilealis) ileocecal valve Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. CALOHA:TS-2144 ENVO:02000040 FMA:66938 GAID:1164 MESH:D009093 NCIT:C13259 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjHq5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0026727 galen:Mucus mucus Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. AAO:0011035 AEO:0000169 BILA:0000056 BSA:0000039 BTO:0000379 CALOHA:TS-0229 EFO:0001367 EHDAA2:0000002 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003236 EHDAA:38 EMAPA:16039 FBbt:00000052 FMA:69068 GAID:963 MAT:0000226 MESH:D004622 MIAA:0000019 NCIT:C28147 OGEM:000001 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP1ceZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013935 VHOG:0001766 XAO:0000113 ZFA:0000103 embryonic organism embryo An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. AAO:0000579 ANISEED:1235297 BTO:0001307 CALOHA:TS-0980 EFO:0000837 EHDAA2:0001915 EHDAA:2993 EMAPA:17021 EV:0100070 FMA:7148 GAID:293 MA:0000353 MAT:0000051 MESH:A03.492.766 MIAA:0000051 NCIT:C12391 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlqpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0002121 UMLS:C0038351 VHOG:0000408 XAO:0000128 galen:Stomach stomach chamber stomach A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. AAO:0010210 BILA:0000020 BTO:0000562 CALOHA:TS-0445 EFO:0000815 EHDAA2:0000738 EHDAA:420 EMAPA:16105 EV:0100018 FMA:7088 GAID:174 MA:0000072 MAT:0000036 MESH:D006321 MIAA:0000036 NCIT:C12727 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjvDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000114 UMLS:C0018787 VHOG:0000276 XAO:0000064 ZFA:0000114 galen:Heart chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart Taxon notes:" the ascidian tube-like heart lacks chambers....The ascidian heart is formed after metamorphosis as a simple tube-like structure with a single-layered myoepithelium that is continuous with a single-layered pericar- dial wall. It lacks chambers and endocardium.... The innovation of the chambered heart was a key event in vertebrate evolution, because the chambered heart generates one-way blood flow with high pressure, a critical requirement for the efficient blood supply of large-body vertebrates... all extant vertebrates have hearts with two or more chambers (Moorman and Christoffels 2003)" DOI:10.1101/gad.1485706 heart An organ that detects light. BILA:0000017 BTO:0000439 CALOHA:TS-0309 EFO:0000827 EV:0100336 FBbt:00005162 GAID:69 MAT:0000140 MESH:D005123 MIAA:0000140 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViTvpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA eye Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 NCIT:C13044 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjjdpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 TAO:0000367 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint skeletal joint Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). AAO:0000213 BILA:0000123 BSA:0000079 BTO:0000534 EMAPA:17383 FBbt:00004858 FMA:18250 GAID:368 HAO:0000379 MA:0002420 MESH:D006066 NCIT:C12725 OpenCyc:Mx4rwQvdiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000413 UMLS:C0018067 VHOG:0000397 WBbt:0005175 XAO:0003146 ZFA:0000413 gonada gonad The gonad of a female organism which contains germ cells. AAO:0000371 BILA:0000125 BSA:0000080 BTO:0000975 CALOHA:TS-0730 EFO:0000973 EHDAA2:0001360 EHDAA:8124 EMAPA:17962 EV:0100111 FBbt:00004865 FMA:7209 GAID:367 MA:0000384 MESH:D010053 MIAA:0000125 NCIT:C12404 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi9QJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000403 UMLS:C0029939 VHOG:0000251 XAO:0000258 ZFA:0000403 animal ovary female gonad female organism genitalia gonad female organism genitalia gonada female organism reproductive system gonad female organism reproductive system gonada female reproductive system gonad female reproductive system gonada genitalia of female organism gonad genitalia of female organism gonada gonad of female organism genitalia gonad of female organism reproductive system gonad of female reproductive system gonad of genitalia of female organism gonad of reproductive system of female organism gonada of female organism genitalia gonada of female organism reproductive system gonada of female reproductive system gonada of genitalia of female organism gonada of reproductive system of female organism ovum-producing ovary reproductive system of female organism gonad reproductive system of female organism gonada ovary The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. epidermis skin AAO:0000143 BTO:0000404 CALOHA:TS-0283 EFO:0000954 EMAPA:17528 EV:0100153 FMA:70596 GAID:932 MA:0000153 MAT:0000154 MESH:D004817 MIAA:0000154 NCIT:C12708 TAO:0000105 UMLS:C0014520 VHOG:0000077 XAO:0000028 ZFA:0000105 vertebrate epidermis skin epidermis Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. AAO:0000541 BTO:0000203 CALOHA:TS-1319 EFO:0000804 EHDAA2:0001604 EHDAA:2203 EMAPA:16727 EV:0100036 FMA:7158 GAID:78 MA:0000327 MAT:0000030 MESH:D012137 MIAA:0000030 NCIT:C12779 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjzFJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000272 UMLS:C0035237 VHOG:0000202 XAO:0000117 ZFA:0000272 apparatus respiratorius respiratory system respiratory system An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. airway airways FMA:265130 respiratory airway Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. AAO:0011042 BILA:0000085 BTO:0000507 EHDAA2:0000557 EHDAA:520 EMAPA:16548 FBbt:00005379 FMA:45616 MA:0001526 NCIT:C34180 TGMA:0001014 UMLS:C0231051 VHOG:0000285 XAO:0000232 foregut A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. pharynx AAO:0000967 BTO:0001049 CALOHA:TS-0785 EFO:0000836 EHDAA2:0001458 EHDAA:2947 EMAPA:16706 EV:0100065 FMA:46688 GAID:155 MA:0000432 MESH:A03.867 NCIT:C12425 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViv7ZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000056 UMLS:C0031354 VHOG:0000462 XAO:0003227 ZFA:0000056 galen:Pharynx Consider generalizing to deuterostome pharynx chordate pharynx Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). AAO:0000145 ANISEED:1235301 BTO:0000959 CALOHA:TS-0700 EFO:0000835 EHDAA2:0001285 EHDAA:2937 EMAPA:16833 EV:0100069 FMA:7131 GAID:291 MA:0000352 MAT:0000048 MESH:A03.365 MIAA:0000048 NCIT:C12389 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVj9Q5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000204 UMLS:C0014876 VHOG:0000450 XAO:0000127 ZFA:0000204 galen:Esophagus gullet oesophagus esophagus Middle subdivision of a digestive tract[CJM]. In vertebrates: The middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine[GO]. BILA:0000086 BTO:0000863 EFO:0001950 EHDAA2:0001185 EHDAA:983 EMAPA:16255 FBbt:00005383 FMA:45617 MA:0001564 NCIT:C34210 TGMA:0001036 UMLS:C0231052 VHOG:0000290 XAO:0000103 midgut The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. AAO:0011052 BILA:0000087 BTO:0000510 EHDAA2:0000779 EHDAA:975 EMAPA:16715 FBbt:00005384 FMA:45618 MA:0001527 NCIT:C34188 TGMA:0001020 UMLS:C0231053 VHOG:0000459 XAO:0000104 hindgut The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus. AAO:0010401 BTO:0001158 CALOHA:TS-1180 EFO:0000848 EHDAA2:0001592 EHDAA:5836 EMAPA:17896 EV:0100081 FMA:14544 GAID:311 MA:0000336 MAT:0000050 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767 MIAA:0000050 NCIT:C12390 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0034896 VHOG:0001751 XAO:0000238 galen:Rectum terminal portion of intestine rectum Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 anatomical entity Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. BTO:0003080 FMA:12273 MA:0002532 MAT:0000500 ncithesaurus:Pleural_Fluid pleural fluid Excretion that is the output of a kidney. BTO:0001419 CALOHA:TS-1092 EFO:0001939 EMAPA:36554 ENVO:00002047 FMA:12274 GAID:1189 MA:0002545 MAT:0000058 MESH:D014556 MIAA:0000058 NCIT:C13283 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0042036 galen:Urine urine Secretion produced by a sweat gland. BTO:0001254 ENVO:02000025 FMA:12275 GAID:1172 MA:0002539 MESH:D013542 NCIT:C13280 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJtZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0038984 sweat Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. BTO:0001339 CALOHA:TS-0996 ENVO:02000039 FMA:12277 GAID:265 MA:0002544 MESH:D013582 NCIT:C33718 TAO:0005154 UMLS:C0039097 ZFA:0005154 galen:SynovialFluid joint fluid synovial fluid The lymph nodes located around the axillary vein that receive lymphatic drainage from the upper or forelimb, scapular region and pectoral region. FMA:276805 MA:0000735 NCIT:C12904 UMLS:C0729594 axillary node axillary lymph node Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all the vertebra and associated skeletal elements and joints in the body[modified from VSAO]. spine AAO:0000699 AAO:0000734 BTO:0000818 EFO:0001369 EHDA:10119 EMAPA:35919 FMA:13478 GAID:106 MA:0002416 MESH:D013131 NCIT:C12998 NCIT:C33588 NIF_Subcellular:sao1145756102 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2j-CpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rv6GF55wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkFEpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001559 UMLS:C0037949 UMLS:C1519455 VHOG:0001142 VSAO:0000185 XAO:0003074 ZFA:0001559 galen:SpinalColumn backbone vertebral column skeleton vertebral column A pouch in the digestive tract that connects the ileum with the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve, and is the beginning of the large intestine. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. BTO:0000166 CALOHA:TS-0122 EFO:0000850 EHDAA2:0000206 EHDAA:3913 EMAPA:35197 EV:0100397 FMA:14541 GAID:307 MA:0000334 MESH:A03.492.411.495.209 MIAA:0000288 NCIT:C12381 OpenCyc:Mx4rve6u4JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0007531 VHOG:0001559 galen:Cecum caecum cecum intestinum crassum caecum caeca ceca Taxon notes: in some herbivorous lizards, a cecum is present between small and large intestines[Kardong] caecum A portion of the large intestine before it becomes the rectum. In mammals, the colon is the most part of the large intestine, excluding the vermiform appendix, the rectum and the anal canal. AAO:0010400 BTO:0000269 CALOHA:TS-0158 EFO:0000361 EMAPA:18939 EV:0100079 FMA:14543 GAID:309 MA:0000335 MAP:0000001 MAT:0000526 MESH:A03.492.411.495.356 NCIT:C12382 OpenCyc:Mx4rvgLEM5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000706 UMLS:C0009368 VHOG:0000648 XAO:0000243 ZFA:0000706 galen:Colon large bowel posterior intestine colon Section of colon which is distal to the cecum and proximal to the transversecolon.[FMA,modified]. BTO:0000270 CALOHA:TS-0057 EFO:0000843 EMAPA:35151 FMA:14545 MA:0001541 MAT:0000311 MIAA:0000311 NCIT:C12265 OpenCyc:Mx4rv3H0FZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0227375 galen:AscendingColon colon ascendens ascending colon The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. BTO:0000272 CALOHA:TS-2052 EFO:0000844 EMAPA:35880 FMA:14546 MA:0001543 MAT:0000312 MIAA:0000312 NCIT:C12385 OpenCyc:Mx4rvg7qyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0227386 galen:TransverseColon colon transversum transverse colon The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. BTO:0000641 CALOHA:TS-2010 EFO:0000845 EMAPA:35285 FMA:14547 MA:0001542 MAT:0000313 MIAA:0000313 NCIT:C12268 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHsNhpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0227389 galen:DescendingColon colon descendens descending colon The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. BTO:0000645 CALOHA:TS-2044 EFO:0000846 EMAPA:36391 FMA:14548 MAT:0000314 MESH:A03.492.411.495.356.668 MIAA:0000314 NCIT:C12384 NCIT:C33550 OpenCyc:Mx4rwHX_-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0227391 UMLS:C0682612 galen:SigmoidColon sigmoid colon The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch, and contains the fundic glands[GO, Kardong]. BTO:0000502 EFO:0002554 EHDAA2:0001919 EHDAA:4844 EMAPA:17886 FMA:14559 GAID:320 MA:0001612 MESH:A03.492.766.419 NCIT:C12257 UMLS:C0017129 VHOG:0000421 galen:GastricFundus fundus gastricus (ventricularis) gastric fundus stomach fundus fundus of stomach The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. BTO:0000505 EMAPA:35810 FMA:14560 MA:0002559 NCIT:C12258 UMLS:C0227230 galen:GastricCorpus corpus gastricum (ventriculare) gastric body stomach body body of stomach The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]. UBERON:0004712 BTO:0000198 EMAPA:35811 FMA:14561 GAID:319 MA:0001609 MESH:A03.492.766.163 NCIT:C12256 UMLS:C0007144 cardial part of stomach gastric cardia pars cardiaca (gaster) pars cardiaca gastricae stomach cardiac region cardia of stomach The lesser curvature of the stomach, extending between the cardiac and pyloric orifices, forms the right or posterior border of the stomach. It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm, and then, turning to the right, it crosses the first lumbar vertebra and ends at the pylorus. Nearer its pyloric than its cardiac end is a well-marked notch, the incisura angularis, which varies somewhat in position with the state of distension of the viscus; it serves to separate the stomach into a right and a left portion. The lesser curvature gives attachment to the two layers of the hepatogastric ligament, and between these two layers are the left gastric artery and the right gastric branch of the hepatic artery. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37754 FMA:14572 MA:0001616 NCIT:C12261 UMLS:C0227221 galen:LesserCurvatureOfStomach stomach lesser curvature lesser curvature of stomach The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward, and is four or five times as long as the lesser curvature. [WP,unvetted]. EMAPA:37753 FMA:14574 MA:0001615 NCIT:C12262 UMLS:C0227223 galen:GreaterCurvatureOfStomach stomach greater curvature greater curvature of stomach The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells. antrum BTO:0001732 EFO:0002555 EMAPA:17891 FMA:14579 GAID:332 MA:0001624 MESH:A03.492.766.716 NCIT:C12259 UMLS:C0034193 galen:PyloricAntrum antrum of stomach stomach pyloric antrum pyloric antrum The stomach tissue region surrounding and controlling the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum. BTO:0001146 EHDAA2:0001580 EHDAA:4860 EMAPA:17631 FMA:14581 GAID:333 MA:0002560 MESH:A03.492.766.799 NCIT:C12260 UMLS:C0034196 VHOG:0000420 galen:Pylorus pars pylorica pars pylorica gastricae pyloric part of stomach pyloric region stomach pyloric region pylorus Orifice at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to expel feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may be one or more of: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. BTO:0001680 CALOHA:TS-2005 EV:0100082 FBbt:00003148 FMA:15711 GAID:312 MA:0000331 MESH:A03.492.411.495.767.288 NCIT:C43362 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjaEZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TADS:0000066 TGMA:0001279 UMLS:C0003461 WBbt:0005364 galen:Anus anal opening anal orifice opening of terminal part of digestive tract anus Distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. bladder AAO:0000623 BTO:0001418 CALOHA:TS-1090 EFO:0000290 EHDAA2:0000174 EHDAA:9328 EMAPA:18321 EV:0100098 FMA:15900 GAID:0000004 MA:0000380 MAT:0000122 MESH:A05.810.161 MIAA:0000122 NCIT:C12414 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjMmZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0005682 VHOG:0000740 XAO:0000154 galen:UrinaryBladder vesica urinaria urinary bladder Transudate contained in the peritoneal cavity. BTO:0001031 EMAPA:35683 FMA:16515 MA:0002531 ncithesaurus:Peritoneal_Fluid peritoneal fluid A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. BIRNLEX:1798 BTO:0000237 CALOHA:TS-0130 EFO:0000329 EHDAA2:0004441 ENVO:02000029 EV:0100311 FMA:20935 GAID:1181 MA:0002503 MAT:0000499 MESH:A12.207.268 NCIT:C12692 TAO:0002184 UMLS:C0007806 VHOG:0001278 ZFA:0001626 CSF cerebral spinal fluid cerebrospinal fluid Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 NCIT:C12366 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViDlpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkCG5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001514 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 galen:Bone bone organ bone element A joint that connects the hindlimb autopod and zeugopod skeletons. BTO:0004706 EMAPA:35126 FMA:35195 GAID:257 MA:0000463 MESH:D000843 NCIT:C32078 OpenCyc:Mx4rvwiy35wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0003087 galen:AnkleJoint gambrel hock hock joint talotibial joint ankle joint The lymph nodes located in the groin area. EMAPA:35431 FMA:44226 MA:0000737 NCIT:C32801 UMLS:C0729596 inguinal lymph node The lymph nodes which drain the legs; contained in the popliteal fossa. FMA:44227 MA:0000738 NCIT:C53146 UMLS:C0588057 popliteal lymph node A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. gut AAO:0010023 BILA:0000083 BTO:0000511 BTO:0000545 EHDAA2:0000726 EHDAA:518 EMAPA:16247 FBbt:00003125 FMA:45615 MA:0000917 NCIT:C34082 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi0GpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000112 TGMA:0001819 UMLS:C0017189 VHOG:0000309 WBbt:0005743 ZFA:0000112 galen:AlimentaryTract digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive tract The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. EHDAA2:0002136 EMAPA:17669 FMA:45661 MA:0000442 OpenCyc:Mx4rtT2HwgJMEdyAAADggVbxzQ VHOG:0000406 upper respiratory tract The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. EHDAA2:0001036 EMAPA:16738 FMA:45662 MA:0000435 OpenCyc:Mx4rQRqjUgAKEdyHxgDggVfs8g VHOG:0000382 lower respiratory system lower respiratory tract FMA:45733 organ neck neck of organ Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. muscle AAO:0011066 EMAPA:32715 EMAPA:37474 EV:0100146 FMA:5022 GAID:131 MA:0000015 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2kf-5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005145 VHOG:0001245 XAO:0000172 ZFA:0005145 galen:Muscle muscle organ An anatomical cavity that is part of the olfactory apparatus. This includes the space bounded anteriorly by the nares and posteriorly by the choanae, when these structures are present. AAO:0000314 BTO:0002096 EHDAA2:0001226 EHDAA:6801 EMAPA:17604 FMA:54378 GAID:350 MA:0000284 MESH:D009296 NCIT:C12424 TAO:0000130 UMLS:C0027423 VHOG:0000271 ZFA:0000130 cavity of nose cavity of olfactory apparatus nasal canal nasal conduit space nasal fossa olfactory chamber cavity nasal cavity The section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate. BTO:0000662 CALOHA:TS-0663 EHDAA2:0001239 EHDAA:7086 EMAPA:17670 EV:0100066 FMA:54878 GAID:339 MA:0000443 MAT:0000447 MESH:A03.867.557 NCIT:C12423 OpenCyc:Mx4rwUPoDJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0027442 VHOG:0000375 nasal part of pharynx rhinopharynx nasopharynx The portion of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the upper edge of the epiglottis. BTO:0005257 CALOHA:TS-0718 EFO:0001976 EHDAA2:0004082 EMAPA:25094 EV:0100067 FMA:54879 GAID:340 MA:0000351 MAT:0000446 MESH:A03.867.603 NCIT:C12762 OpenCyc:Mx4rwACoxpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0521367 VHOG:0000457 VSAO:0000034 XAO:0004048 oral part of pharynx oropharynx The small curved bones that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage. EHDAA2:0004101 EMAPA:25093 GAID:224 MA:0000286 MESH:D014420 NCIT:C49594 OpenCyc:Mx4rv07bVJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1266928 ossified nasal turbinal ossified nasal turbinate ossified turbinate turbinal bone turbinate bone turbinate bone The paired air-filled cavities surrounded by the bones of the face that are lined by mucous membranes and are continuous with the nasal cavity. sinus CALOHA:TS-2082 EHDAA:6489 EMAPA:35662 EV:0100038 FMA:59679 GAID:355 MA:0000431 MESH:D010256 NCIT:C12763 UMLS:C0030471 paranasal sinus Aqueous substance secreted by the lacrimal gland. BTO:0001499 CALOHA:TS-1016 EMAPA:36537 ENVO:02000034 FMA:59756 GAID:1173 MA:0002508 MESH:D013666 NCIT:C33739 UMLS:C0039409 galen:Tear galen:Tears lacrimal fluid lacrimal gland secretion lacrimal secretion tear tears secretion of lacrimal gland A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. BTO:0001202 CALOHA:TS-0891 EMAPA:36536 ENVO:02000036 FMA:59862 GAID:1167 MA:0002507 MAT:0000444 MESH:D012463 NCIT:C13275 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJ95wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0036087 galen:Saliva salivary gland secretion saliva An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. BTO:0000868 CALOHA:TS-0636 EMAPA:36540 ENVO:02000031 EV:0100126 FMA:62100 GAID:1230 MA:0002552 MAT:0000056 MESH:A13.622 MIAA:0000056 NCIT:C13401 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjGZJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1511310 VHOG:0001263 galen:Milk mammary gland milk milk The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. BTO:0000276 CALOHA:TS-0167 FMA:62101 GAID:1159 MA:0002551 MESH:D003126 NCIT:C32348 UMLS:C0009413 colostrum The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma BTO:0000131 CALOHA:TS-0800 EFO:0001905 EMAPA:35690 FMA:62970 GAID:1178 MA:0002501 MAT:0000052 MESH:D010949 MIAA:0000052 NCIT:C13356 OpenCyc:Mx4rEg4ZYrIbEduAAAAOpmP6tw UMLS:C0032105 blood plasm portion of blood plasma blood plasma The portion of blood plasma that excludes clotting factors. BTO:0000133 BTO:0001239 CALOHA:TS-0923 EHDAA2:0004728 EMAPA:35770 FMA:63083 MA:0002502 NCIT:C13325 UMLS:C0229671 serum blood serum Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. excreta BTO:0000440 CALOHA:TS-2345 ENVO:00002003 FMA:64183 GAID:1199 MA:0002509 MAT:0000053 MESH:D005243 MIAA:0000053 NCIT:C13234 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjJMZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0015733 galen:Feces faeces fecal material fecal matter piece of shit portion of excrement portion of faeces portion of fecal material portion of fecal matter portion of feces portionem cacas stool cow dung cow pat dung fewmet frass guano portion of dung portion of guano portion of scat scat spraint feces Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. AAO:0000275 AAO:0010567 BTO:0000763 CALOHA:TS-0568 EFO:0000934 EHDAA2:0001042 EHDAA:1554 EHDAA:2205 EMAPA:16728 EV:0100042 FMA:7195 GAID:345 MA:0000415 MAT:0000135 MESH:D008168 MIAA:0000135 NCIT:C12468 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0024109 VHOG:0000310 XAO:0000119 galen:Lung pulmo Snakes and limbless lizards typically possess only the right lung as a major respiratory organ; the left lung is greatly reduced, or even absent. Amphisbaenians, however, have the opposite arrangement, with a major left lung, and a reduced or absent right lung [WP] lung Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. AAO:0000138 BILA:0000034 BTO:0000174 CALOHA:TS-2110 EFO:0000461 FBbt:00004208 FMA:69067 GAID:407 MESH:D004628 NCIT:C13229 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003169 TAO:0001105 UMLS:C0013948 VSAO:0000178 XAO:0003042 ZFA:0001105 developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure embryonic structure An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. AAO:0010386 BTO:0001491 EHDAA:512 EMAPA:16245 FMA:7085 MA:0000019 MESH:D014781 NCIT:C28287 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0002201 UMLS:C0042779 XAO:0003034 visceral organ visceral organ system viscus The organ that functions to filter blood and to store red corpuscles and platelets. AAO:0010395 BTO:0001281 CALOHA:TS-0956 EFO:0000869 EMAPA:18767 EV:0100055 FMA:7196 GAID:1289 MA:0000141 MAT:0000085 MESH:A15.382.520.604.713 MIAA:0000085 NCIT:C12432 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjgw5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000436 UMLS:C0037993 VHOG:0000120 XAO:0000328 ZFA:0000436 galen:Spleen spleen An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. AAO:0010111 BTO:0000759 CALOHA:TS-0564 EFO:0000887 EHDAA2:0000997 EHDAA:2197 EMAPA:16846 EV:0100089 FMA:7197 GAID:288 MA:0000358 MAT:0000097 MESH:D008099 MIAA:0000097 NCIT:C12392 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVimppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000123 UMLS:C0023884 VHOG:0000257 XAO:0000133 ZFA:0000123 galen:Liver liver Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. AAO:0010397 BTO:0000651 CALOHA:TS-0942 EFO:0000841 EMAPA:32834 EV:0100072 FMA:7200 GAID:313 MA:0000337 MAT:0000047 MESH:A03.492.411.620 MIAA:0000047 NCIT:C12386 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlIJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001323 UMLS:C0021852 VHOG:0000055 XAO:0000130 ZFA:0001323 galen:SmallIntestine small bowel small intestine small intestine An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP]. AAO:0010114 BTO:0000493 CALOHA:TS-0394 EFO:0000853 EHDAA2:0000699 EHDAA:8062 EMAPA:17202 EV:0100090 FMA:7202 MA:0000356 MAT:0000072 MESH:D005704 MIAA:0000072 NCIT:C12377 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVkGr5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000208 UMLS:C0016976 VHOG:0000221 XAO:0000135 ZFA:0000208 galen:Gallbladder gall bladder gallbladder Rats do not have a gallbladder, but produce bile. The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine (Hebel and Stromberg, 1988) gall bladder A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. AAO:0000250 BTO:0000671 CALOHA:TS-0510 EFO:0000929 EMAPA:17373 EV:0100096 FMA:7203 GAID:423 MA:0000368 MAT:0000119 MESH:D007668 MIAA:0000119 NCIT:C12415 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjlYpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0022646 XAO:0003267 galen:Kidney reniculate kidney kidney The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one). AAO:0010402 BTO:0000365 CALOHA:TS-0214 EFO:0000851 EMAPA:18852 EV:0100073 FMA:7206 GAID:284 MA:0000338 MAT:0000044 MESH:A03.492.411.620.270 MIAA:0000044 NCIT:C12263 OpenCyc:Mx4rv4LJDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0013303 VHOG:0000052 XAO:0000236 galen:Duodenum duodenum The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. BTO:0000657 CALOHA:TS-0496 EFO:0001333 EMAPA:18666 EV:0100074 FMA:7207 GAID:318 MA:0000340 MAT:0000045 MESH:A03.492.411.620.625 MIAA:0000045 NCIT:C12388 OpenCyc:Mx4rwATkPJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0022378 VHOG:0000053 galen:Jejunum jejunum The portion of the small intestine that extends from the jejunum to the colon. AAO:0010403 BTO:0000620 CALOHA:TS-0472 EFO:0001334 EMAPA:32764 EV:0100075 FMA:7208 GAID:315 MA:0000339 MAT:0000282 MESH:A03.492.411.620.484 MIAA:0000282 NCIT:C12387 OpenCyc:Mx4rvdcLHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0020885 VHOG:0000647 XAO:0000237 galen:Ileum ileum Lung which consists of the right upper lobe, middle lobe and right lower lobe.[FMA]. EHDAA2:0001730 EHDAA:4969 EMAPA:17661 FMA:7309 MA:0000426 NCIT:C33483 OpenCyc:Mx8Ngh4rvgHsHZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycB4rvVjKy5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225706 VHOG:0000301 right lung The small terminal dilation of the alveolar ducts around which the alveoli form pocket-like clusters. UBERON:0008871 BTO:0000061 EMAPA:35119 FMA:7317 MA:0000418 NCIT:C32057 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCvh75wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0225691 pulmonary alveolar sac sacculus alveolaris alveolar sac The upper conducting airways of the lung; these airways arise from the terminus of the trachea. BTO:0001340 CALOHA:TS-1229 EFO:0000932 EMAPA:32689 EV:0100041 FMA:7409 GAID:346 MA:0000436 MAT:0000133 MESH:D001980 MIAA:0000133 NCIT:C12683 UMLS:C0006255 VHOG:0000262 XAO:0000121 bronchi bronchial trunk bronchus The conducting airway of the lungs found terminal to the bronchi; these structures contain neither cartilage nor mucous-secreting glands; the epithelium of the bronchioles becomes thinner with each branching. BTO:0002375 CALOHA:TS-2003 EHDAA:8171 EHDAA:8183 EHDAA:8199 EHDAA:8221 EMAPA:32697 FMA:7410 MA:0000422 NCIT:C12684 OpenCyc:Mx4rvl9iDpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0006270 VHOG:0000675 lobular bronchiole bronchiole Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 NCIT:C32461 OpenCyc:Mx4rv2bBV5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0005153 ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint synovial joint The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA:0000030 MESH:A01.673 NCIT:C12767 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVjiTJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0030797 galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis pelvic region of trunk A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. AEO:0000097 BTO:0000765 CALOHA:TS-2012 EHDAA2:0003097 EMAPA:35327 FMA:9596 GAID:34 MA:0002564 MESH:D005088 NCIT:C12712 UMLS:C0015282 ducted gland glandula exocrina exocrine gland Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products directly into the circulatory system rather than through a duct.[WP, modified]. AEO:0000098 BTO:0001488 CALOHA:TS-1300 EHDAA2:0003098 EMAPA:35999 FMA:9602 GAID:335 MA:0002563 MESH:D004702 NCIT:C12704 OpenCyc:Mx4rvbkiRZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0014133 ductless gland glandula endocrina endocrine gland The soft tissue that fills the cavities of bones. AAO:0011007 BTO:0000141 BTO:0000829 CALOHA:TS-0087 EFO:0000868 EMAPA:32760 EV:0100046 FMA:9608 GAID:1287 MA:0000134 MAT:0000084 MESH:D001853 MIAA:0000084 NCIT:C12431 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVm-FpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0005953 VHOG:0001218 XAO:0000123 galen:BoneMarrow medulla ossea medulla ossium bone marrow Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 NCIT:C12374 OpenCyc:Mx4rv-aBgZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0001641 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus connective tissue Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. AAO:0000306 AEO:0000122 CALOHA:TS-0642 EHDAA2:0003122 EMAPA:32715 FMA:9641 MA:0002437 MESH:D009132 NCIT:C12435 UMLS:C2328219 galen:MuscleTissue muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis Vertebrate muscle is categorized into three major muscle types defined by their structural and functional properties: skeletal, cardiac and smooth. In Dmel the counterparts are somatic, heart/cardiac and visceral. Here we take a cell type based approach. muscle tissue Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. BTO:0000855 CALOHA:TS-0580 EFO:0000871 ENVO:02000041 EV:0100049 FMA:9671 GAID:1186 MA:0002520 MAT:0000055 MESH:A12.207.630 MIAA:0000055 NCIT:C13252 OpenCyc:Mx4rvpDOU5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0024202 VHOG:0001590 ZFA:0005658 galen:Lymph lymph The double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of the duodenum. [WP,unvetted]. EHDAA2:0000991 EHDAA:4858 EMAPA:17890 EV:0100086 FMA:9715 MA:0001623 NCIT:C32981 UMLS:C0230260 VHOG:0000357 lesser omentum The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. BTO:0004422 EHDAA2:0001475 EMAPA:16773 EMAPA:16774 FMA:9740 GAID:95 MA:0000055 MESH:A01.911.800.650 NCIT:C12840 OpenCyc:Mx4rwCKAppwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0178802 VHOG:0000581 cavitas pleuralis pleural cavity Transudate contained in the pericardial cavity.[FMA]. BTO:0001016 FMA:9887 MA:0002530 pericardial fluid An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. AAO:0010357 BTO:0001775 CALOHA:TS-0715 EHDAA2:0001325 EHDAA:2187 EMAPA:16839 EMAPA:26942 FMA:265152 MA:0000344 NCIT:C49595 TAO:0000816 UMLS:C1709332 VHOG:0000187 XAO:0003201 ZFA:0000816 epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa oral epithelium Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck. [WP,unvetted]. FMA:61213 MA:0000736 NCIT:C32298 UMLS:C0588054 lymph node of neck cervical lymph node The evaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity into the ethmoidal bony labyrinth, forming multiple small paranasal sinuses. FMA:84115 GAID:356 MA:0001792 MESH:D005005 NCIT:C12276 UMLS:C0015028 ethmoidal bone sinus ethmoidal sinus ethmoid sinus A lymph node that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35992 FMA:12787 MA:0002827 abdomen lymph node lymph node of abdomen abdominal lymph node The visceral glands that are associated with the branches of the celiac artery, including the gastric, hepatic, and pancreaticolienal (splenic) lymph nodes. FMA:12792 MA:0002828 NCIT:C65166 UMLS:C0229766 celiac node coeliac node nodus lymphaticus coeliacus terminal ventral aortic node celiac lymph node The lymph nodes located in the mesentery, of which there are 3 classes: ileocolic, juxtaintestinal mesenteric, and central superior group. BTO:0000767 EMAPA:35561 FMA:12795 MA:0002829 NCIT:C77641 UMLS:C0229792 mesenteric node mesenteric lymph node Replacement bone that forms within cartilage. AAO:0010776 AEO:0000083 BTO:0002157 EHDAA2:0003083 FMA:24321 TAO:0001591 VSAO:0000145 XAO:0004018 ZFA:0001591 ossified chondrogenic bone endochondral bone The submandibular lymph nodes (submaxillary glands in older texts), three to six in number, are placed beneath the body of the mandible in the submaxillary triangle, and rest on the superficial surface of the submaxillary salivary gland. One gland, the middle gland of Stahr, which lies on the external maxillary artery as it turns over the mandible, is the most constant of the series; small lymph glands are sometimes found on the deep surface of the submaxillary salivary glands. The afferents of the submaxillary glands drain the medial palpebral commissure, the cheek, the side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums, and the anterior part of the margin of the tongue. Efferent vessels from the facial and submental glands also enter the submaxillary glands. Their efferent vessels pass to the superior deep cervical glands. [WP,unvetted]. BTO:0000769 FMA:61224 MA:0002843 NCIT:C77650 UMLS:C0229722 submandibular node submandibular lymph node A lymph node that is part of a mediastinum. Each consists of several lymph node groups, especially along the trachea (5 groups), along the esophagus and between the lung and the diaphragm. In the mediastinal lymph nodes arises lymphatic ducts, which draines the lymph to the left subclavian vein (to the venous angle in the confluence of the subclavian and deep jugular veins). The mediastinal lymph nodes along the esophagus are in tight connection with the abdominal lymph nodes along the esophagus and the stomach. That fact facilitates spreading of tumors cells through these lymphatics in cases of cancers of the stomach and particularly of the esophagus. Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct (ductus thoracicus), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle. EFO:0001670 EMAPA:35555 FMA:12774 MA:0002877 NCIT:C33073 UMLS:C0588055 mediastinal node mediastinal lymph node The lymph nodes located along the brachial vein that receive drainage from most of the free upper limb and send efferent vessels to the central axillary lymph nodes. FMA:44314 MA:0002878 NCIT:C92221 UMLS:C0229840 brachial lymph node The lumbar lymph nodes (paraaortic nodes) are a group of lymph nodes residing in the lumbar region. They consist of the following groups: right and left lateral aortic lymph nodes preaortic lymph nodes retroaortic lymph nodes (or 'postaortic'). FMA:84599 MA:0002879 NCIT:C118775 lumbar lymph node A lymph node that is part of a pancreas [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:16626 MA:0002881 NCIT:C77642 UMLS:C0229783 lymph node of pancreas pancreas lymph node pancreatic node pancreatic lymph node A lymph node located in the sacral region. FMA:16655 MA:0002883 NCIT:C77647 UMLS:C0229827 sacral node sacral lymph node An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. UBERON:MIAA_0000021 AAO:0000212 AEO:0000096 BTO:0000522 EFO:0000797 EHDAA2:0003096 EHDAA:2161 EHDAA:4475 EHDAA:6522 EMAPA:18425 FBbt:00100317 FMA:7146 FMA:86294 HAO:0000375 MA:0003038 MAT:0000021 MIAA:0000021 NCIT:C13319 OpenCyc:Mx4rwP3vyJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C1285092 WikipediaCategory:Glands galen:Gland glandular organ gland Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity BIRNLEX:1011 EMAPA:37442 FMA:67552 MA:0002447 NCIT:C34007 galen:Cavity anatomical cavity Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. AAO:0010337 AEO_RETIRED:0000010 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003010 TAO:0000292 VSAO:0000001 XAO:0003028 ZFA:0000292 galen:SurfaceRegion anatomical surface feature surface structure Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. AAO:0010015 AEO:0000024 BILA:0000024 CARO:0000024 EHDAA2:0003024 HAO:0000024 TADS:0000598 TAO:0000496 TGMA:0001837 VHOG:0001723 XAO:0003041 ZFA:0000496 compound organ The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches [GO:dph]. AAO:0010140 BTO:0001388 CALOHA:TS-1060 EFO:0000935 EHDAA2:0002066 EHDAA:3078 EMAPA:16853 EV:0100040 FMA:7394 GAID:361 MA:0000441 MAT:0000137 MESH:D014132 MIAA:0000137 NCIT:C12428 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViOX5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0040578 VHOG:0000371 XAO:0000118 cartilaginous trachea vertebrate trachea windpipe trachea An organ involved in reproduction. EMAPA:17381 EMAPA:37731 MA:0001752 MESH:D005835 NCIT:C25177 OpenCyc:Mx4rwO39aJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TGMA:0000591 UMLS:C0017420 WBbt:0008422 genital organ reproductive system organ sex organ reproductive organ A female organ involved in reproduction. EMAPA:28540 MA:0000544 female organism reproductive organ female organism reproductive structure female organism reproductive system organ female organism sex organ female reproductive gland/organ female reproductive system organ female sex organ reproductive organ of female organism reproductive structure of female organism reproductive system organ of female organism sex organ of female organism female reproductive organ A male organ involved in reproduction. MA:0000545 WBbt:0008423 male organism reproductive organ male organism reproductive structure male organism reproductive system organ male organism sex organ male reproductive gland/organ male reproductive system organ male sex organ reproductive organ of male organism reproductive structure of male organism reproductive system organ of male organism sex organ of male organism male reproductive organ EHDAA2:0000560 EHDAA:3830 EMAPA:17178 foregut duodenum foregut region of duodenum EHDAA2:0001189 EHDAA:3937 EMAPA:17193 midgut duodenum midgut region of duodenum A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. BTO:0003752 lies on top of lamina propria epithelium of mucosa A lymph node that is located in a kidney [Automatically generated definition]. FMA:276799 MA:0002882 NCIT:C77646 UMLS:C2699031 kidney lymph node lymph node of kidney renal lymph node A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35996 MA:0000576 adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone head bone A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19019 EMAPA:35924 MA:0001482 MA:0003159 NCIT:C63706 UMLS:C0015455 bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone facial bone Any joint that is part of a (free) limb. EMAPA:36501 FMA:321558 MA:0000691 galen:LimbJoint joint of limb joint of limb skeletal system skeletal limb joint Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses limb joint A collection of teeth arranged in some pattern in the mouth or other part of the body. The arrangement may be a simple row, a collection of rows, or a more elaborate structure, such as a toooth whorl. AAO:0000126 FMA:75150 GAID:1249 MESH:A14.254 NCIT:C13072 OpenCyc:Mx4rvVi65JwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA UMLS:C0011443 dentes set of teeth teeth teeth set dentition A fold of peritoneum originating at the stomach and supporting the viscera. CALOHA:TS-2004 EV:0100084 FMA:14650 GAID:23 MESH:A01.047.025.600.573 NCIT:C33209 UMLS:C0028977 galen:Omentum omentum A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. BTO:0002860 CALOHA:TS-0716 EMAPA:26937 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:D009061 NCIT:C77637 UMLS:C0026639 mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris mouth mucosa A limb joint that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:32635 MA:0000662 hind limb joint of limb hind limb limb joint hindlimb joint of limb hindlimb limb joint inferior member joint of limb inferior member limb joint joint of free lower limb joint of limb of hind limb joint of limb of hindlimb joint of limb of inferior member joint of limb of lower extremity joint of lower limb limb joint of hind limb limb joint of hindlimb limb joint of inferior member limb joint of lower extremity lower extremity joint of limb lower extremity limb joint hindlimb joint Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. AEO:0000114 EHDAA2:0003114 FBbt:00007474 epithelial or endothelial tube epithelial tube An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. BTO:0000956 EHDAA2:0004567 EMAPA:32928 MA:0003201 NCIT:C12963 TAO:0005123 UMLS:C0836205 XAO:0003200 ZFA:0005123 digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium digestive tract epithelium The lymph nodes located outside the thoracic and abdominal cavities, such as the submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes. EMAPA:37938 peripheral lymph node One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]. EMAPA:37914 FMA:57456 ethmo-turbinate ethmoturbinal ethmoturbinate nasal turbinate of ethmoid bone turbinate of ethmoid bone nasal concha of ethmoid bone EHDAA2:0004046 EHDAA:1892 EHDAA:4406 FMA:67611 OpenCyc:Mx4rvqiwE5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA galen:Valve anatomical valve valve The extension of the hindgut of the primitive digestive tube of the embryo, caudal to the location of the anal opening. EMAPA:36331 tailgut Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. AEO:0000080 EHDAA2:0003080 FMA:242873 foramen foramina anatomical conduit An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. endoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. FBbt:00025998 mesodermal derivative mesoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. FBbt:00025990 ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals. FMA:45652 internal genitalia internal genitals TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 internal genitalia The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals. FMA:45643 external genitalia TODO: make a subdivision of reproductive system. Relabel. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/547 external genitalia Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. BTO:0004605 EMAPA:37665 FMA:7143 MA:0000747 haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic organ hematopoietic system organ organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ lymph organ lymphoid organ hemopoietic organ A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. EMAPA:32930 endodermal gut gut endoderm endodermal part of digestive tract A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. anatomical process process AAO:0010278 FMA:67601 HAO:0000822 NCIT:C61549 TAO:0001834 VSAO:0000180 XAO:0004020 galen:Ridge processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves anatomical projection A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36589 FMA:7205 MA:0001655 NCIT:C34006 UMLS:C0227614 left kidney A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:36590 FMA:7204 MA:0001683 NCIT:C34005 UMLS:C0227613 right kidney A structure, usually a circular muscle, that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. FMA:75004 NCIT:C28381 UMLS:C1409894 sphincter sphincter muscle The deep cervical lymph nodes are a group of cervical lymph nodes found near the internal jugular vein. They can be divided into upper and lower groups, or superior and inferior groups. Alternatively, they can be divided into deep anterior cervical lymph nodes and deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. They can also be divided into three groups: superior deep jugular, middle deep jugular, and 'inferior deep jugular'. EMAPA:37510 MA:0002885 NCIT:C32431 UMLS:C0458298 deep cervical lymph node Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure skeletal element A bone that is part of a cranium. cranium bone cranial bone The pseudostratified ciliated epithelium that lines much of the conducting portion of the airway, including part of the nasal cavity and larynx, the trachea, and bronchi. BTO:0000419 CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32827 MA:0001480 VHOG:0000981 epithelial tissue of respiratory tract epithelium of respiratory tract respiratory tract epithelial tissue respiratory tract epithelium An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. CALOHA:TS-0023 EMAPA:32826 MA:0001823 VHOG:0000981 apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium An epithelium that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:37549 MA:0001481 epithelial tissue of lower respiratory tract epithelium of lower respiratory tract lower respiratory tract epithelial tissue lower respiratory tract epithelium A group of nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior cervical regions. Efferent vessels drain to the deep cervical lymph nodes. Lymph nodes can be further subdivided into anterior and lateral groupings. EMAPA:37725 MA:0002886 NCIT:C33659 UMLS:C0458297 superficial cervical lymph node Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 joint articulation A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. ectodermal gut gut ectoderm ectodermal part of digestive tract The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. gut FMA:49179 NCIT:C33010 UMLS:C0226875 galen:LowerGastrointestinalTract lower GI tract lower gastrointestinal tract lower digestive tract The region of the digestive tract extending from the mouth cavity through pharynx esophagus stomach and duodenum. FMA:49177 NCIT:C33837 UMLS:C0226874 galen:UpperGastrointestinalTract upper GI tract upper gastrointestinal tract upper digestive tract EHDAA2:0000171 EMAPA:16561 EMAPA_RETIRED:16565 VHOG:0001351 biliary bud A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 subdivision of digestive tract A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 organ component layer The muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food and when the crop is present follows it and the proventriculus. BTO:0000520 GAID:1238 MESH:D005895 NCIT:C77615 UMLS:C1510668 gastric mill gigerium gizzard An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. immune system organ immune organ A product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration[GO]. BTO:0001716 MESH:D004528 WBbt:0005843 egg shell eggshell Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. EMAPA:32715 FBbt:00005073 FMA:30316 musculus muscle structure Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. reproductive system element reproductive system structure reproductive structure An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. MA:0000522 abdomen organ abdomen element An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. EMAPA:37062 MA:0000529 abdominal segment organ abdominal segment element An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. EMAPA:37270 MA:0000516 trunk organ trunk region element An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. EMAPA:37273 MA:0000557 thoracic cavity organ thoracic cavity element An organ or element that is part of the pelvic region. Examples: reproductive organs (in some organisms), urinary bladder, bones of the pelvis. EMAPA:37275 MA:0000543 pelvic element pelvis organ pelvis region organ pelvic region element An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. EMAPA:37271 MA:0000563 thoracic segment organ A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. CALOHA:TS-2100 portion of embryonic tissue embryonic tissue AEO:0000125 CALOHA:TS-2122 EHDAA2:0003125 FBbt:00007006 FMA:292313 MIAA:0000019 developing anatomical structure Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. EMAPA:16060 FMA:9689 MA:0000005 See notes for serous membrane serous sac Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. FMA:69065 endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium endo-epithelium FMA:10483 bone organ zone zone of bone organ The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha. FMA:57459 middle nasal turbinate middle turbinate middle nasal concha A turbinal located on the maxilla bone. FMA:54736 NCIT:C32794 UMLS:C0225434 inferior nasal turbinate inferior nasal turbinate bone inferior turbinate inferior nasal concha A naris that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing. naris AAO:0000024 AAO:0000983 AAO:0010358 EHDAA2:0001275 EHDAA:9085 EMAPA:17848 FMA:59645 MA:0001320 NCIT:C33178 OpenCyc:Mx4rvViCLpwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA TAO:0000550 UMLS:C0595944 VHOG:0000544 XAO:0003033 ZFA:0000550 external nares nostril blowhole external naris Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. EMAPA:37883 body hair or bristle integumentary adnexa Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid BIRNLEX:20 EMAPA:37441 FMA:280556 GAID:266 MESH:D001826 galen:BodyFluid body fluid bodily fluid A substance formed from the secretion of one or more glands of the male genital tract in which sperm cells are suspended. BTO:0001232 CALOHA:TS-0918 EMAPA:36543 FMA:62967 MA:0002523 MAT:0000057 MIAA:0000057 seminal plasma seminal fluid A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a male reproductive gland. EMAPA:36541 MA:0002521 male reproductive system fluid/secretion male reproductive gland secretion A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. EMAPA:36550 MA:0002533 NCIT:C13722 UMLS:C1514899 respiratory system fluid/secretion A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. EMAPA:36538 MA:0002505 mammary gland fluid/secretion The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. FBbt:00005380 MAT:0000049 MIAA:0000049 pharynx The distalmost portion of the digestive tract, derived from the hindgut, and terminating with the anus. FBbt:00005756 WBbt:0005773 rectum terminal part of digestive tract Any gland that is part of the digestive system. AAO:0000130 BTO:0000345 digestive system gland The inner lining of the cheeks and lips. BTO:0003833 CALOHA:TS-2349 FMA:59785 NCIT:C12505 UMLS:C1578559 buccal mucosa A multicellular organism that existence_ends_with a post-juvenile adult stage and existence_starts_with a post-juvenile adult stage. adult BILA:0000078 FBbt:00003004 HAO:0000087 NCIT:C17600 TAO:0002046 UMLS:C0001675 galen:Adult adults adult organism A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. FBbt:00003154 SPD:0000130 TADS:0000147 dorsal tube heart Gene notes: Bmp, Nkx, Gata primary circulatory organ A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. BTO:0000838 ncithesaurus:Meconium meconium Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn. BTO:0001762 EV:0300037 HsapDv:0000082 MmusDv:0000096 NIF_Organism:birnlex_695 OGES:000025 neonatal stage fledgling stage hatchling hatchling stage infant stage nestling stage pouch stage puggle puggle stage neonate stage EV:0300123 HsapDv:0000093 NCIT:C16268 NIF_Organism:birnlex_691 UMLS:C0001792 late adult stage Matter ejected from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea, through the mouth. BTO:0001297 CALOHA:TS-0963 EMAPA:36553 FMA:312401 GAID:1171 MA:0002536 MESH:D013183 NCIT:C13278 UMLS:C0038056 sputum The glandular or true stomach of a bird that is situated between the crop and gizzard. BTO:0001136 GAID:1239 MESH:D011531 NCIT:C111301 proventriculus The fourth stomach of ruminating animals, which is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seventh and twelfth ribs. It leads to the beginning of the small intestine. (Adapted From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed). BTO:0000024 GAID:1241 MESH:D000018 NCIT:C98702 UMLS:C0000780 abomasum Any of the first three stomachs of a ruminant, i.e., the rumen, reticulum, or omasum. forestomach BTO:0000480 ruminant forestomach The second stomach of ruminants. It lies almost in the midline in the front of the abdomen, in contact with the liver and diaphragm and communicates freely with the RUMEN via the ruminoreticular orifice. The lining of the reticulum is raised into folds forming a honeycomb pattern over the surface. (From Concise Veterinary Dictionary, 1988). reticulum BTO:0000347 MESH:D012159 NCIT:C98777 UMLS:C0035295 ruminant reticulum The third stomach of ruminants, situated on the right side of the abdomen at a higher level than the fourth stomach and between this latter and the second stomach, with both of which it communicates. From its inner surface project large numbers of leaves or folia, each of which possesses roughened surfaces. In the center of each folium is a band of muscle fibers which produces a rasping movement of the leaf when it contracts. One leaf rubs against those on either side of it, and large particles of food material are ground down between the rough surfaces, preparatory to further digestion in the succeeeding parts of the alimentary canal. (Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed). BTO:0000348 GAID:1242 MESH:D009851 NCIT:C98766 UMLS:C0028972 omasum The first chamber in the alimentary canal of a ruminant stomach, composed of the rumen and reticulum. retriculo-rumen reticulorumen The first compartment of the ruminant stomach. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. BTO:0001194 GAID:1244 MESH:D012417 NCIT:C98778 UMLS:C0035946 rumen The ruminants' stomach consists of four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The first three compartments comprise the forestomach (proventriculus). They are lined with nonglandular membrane. The fourth compartment, the abomasum comprises the true stomach of the ruminants. It is lined with glandular mucous membrane. The rumen lies on the left of the abdominal cavity, the reticulum cranially and the omasum on the right. The abomasum lies ventrally, its proximal end lies ventral to the rumen, reticulum and omasum. GAID:1240 MESH:D013279 ruminant stomach The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. BSA:0000073 BTO:0000313 FBbt:00004993 HAO:0000298 TADS:0000109 WBbt:0005733 epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer outer epithelium The yellow spheroidal mass of stored food that forms the inner portion of the egg of a bird or reptile and is surrounded by the white. AAO:0010579 BTO:0000371 MESH:A16.631.325 VHOG:0001742 ncithesaurus:Egg_Yolk egg yolk The hard-shelled reproductive body produced by a bird (especially by the common domestic chicken) or a reptile; also: its contents used as food. BSA:0000081 BTO:0000369 shelled egg An epithelial tube that is open at one end only. AEO:0000115 EHDAA2:0003115 epithelial sac Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube.[FMA]. FMA:64798 ciliated columnar epithelium Epithelium bearing vibratile cilia on the free surface. ciliated epithelium An inconstant lymph node of the anterior mediastinal group located adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum. FMA:74033 Botallo's node ligamentum arteriosum node lymph node of ligamentum arteriosum nodus ligamenti arteriosi node of ligamentum arteriosum A lymph node that is part of a thorax. Includes lymph nodes of the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. FMA:12772 NCIT:C33769 UMLS:C0229745 lymph node of thorax thoracic lymph node Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. FMA:12276 GAID:1195 MESH:D005122 ncithesaurus:Transudate transudate Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid secretion of serous gland A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. EMAPA:37245 MA:0000569 head or neck bone bone of craniocervical region The irregular bones are bones which, from their peculiar form, cannot be grouped as long bone, short bone, flat bone or sesamoid bone. Irregular bones serve various purposes in the body, such as protection of nervous tissue, affording multiple anchor points for skeletal muscle attachment (as with the sacrum), and maintaining pharynx and trachea support, and tongue attachment (such as the hyoid bone). They consist of cancellous tissue enclosed within a thin layer of compact bone. The irregular bones are: the vertebrC&, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid. FMA:7477 NCIT:C32881 UMLS:C0502414 os irregulare irregular bone The mouth of a starfish is located on the underside of the body, and opens through a short esophagus into firstly a cardiac stomach, and then, a second, pyloric stomach. Each arm also contains two pyloric caeca, long hollow tubes branching outwards from the pyloric stomach. Each pyloric caecum is lined by a series of digestive glands, which secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients from the food. A short intestine runs from the upper surface of the pyloric stomach to open at an anus in the center of the upper body. BTO:0002121 pyloric stomach The pyloric ceca (or digestive glands) and the cardiac stomach produce digestive enzymes in starfishes. Digested material is absorbed through the pyloric ceca for transport to the rest of the body. Each pyloric cecum extends the length of each arm. pyloric caecum pyloric cecum BTO:0002120 echinoderm pyloric cecum In starfishes the cardiac stomach is connected to a pyloric stomach which is located above it. Food can be brought into the stomach through the mouth or, in many species, the cardiac stomach can be extended out through the mouth to digest food outside the body. Suspension-feeding starfish use their tube feet to pass food to the mouth. BTO:0002122 cardiac stomach A feather lacking a vane and having a rudimentary rachis and a tuft of non-interlocked barbs with elongated barbules extending from the calamus. downy feather plumaceous feather plumulaceous feather body down feather natal down feather powder down feather down feather A distinct rodent non-glandular region of the stomach which is demarcated from the glandular stomach by the limiting ridge (margo plicatus). forestomach stomach non-glandular region EMAPA:17627 MA:0001606 NCIT:C77956 UMLS:C0033745 murine forestomach An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. AAO:0011057 EHDAA2:0000740 EHDAA:1530 NCIT:C34187 UMLS:C1512407 XAO:0000101 liver diverticulum hepatic diverticulum BTO:0001642 liver bud The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. EMAPA:37944 FMA:14580 canalis pyloricus pyloric canal Albumen is the clear liquid contained within an egg and consists of water and proteins, among which are ovomucin and ovomucoid. It protects the egg yolk and provides additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo. BTO:0000370 GO:0097099 ncithesaurus:Egg_White egg white albumen Stomach found in horses; includes cardiac, proper gastric and pyloric glandular zones. BTO:0003791 equine glandular stomach One of several small inconstant lymph nodes, proximal, intermediate and distal deep to the fascia lata and medial to the femoral vein; they receive lymph from the deep structures of the lower limb, from the glans penis and from superficial inguinal nodes; efferents pass to the external iliac nodes. BTO:0004548 FMA:44225 deep inguinal node nodus lymphaticus inguinalis profundus deep inguinal lymph node A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs. BTO:0004549 FMA:5036 lymph node of Cloquet lymph node of Rosenmuller nodus lymphaticus inguinalis superficialis superficial inguinal node superficial inguinal lymph node Any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds, which increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the lungs. MESH:D000400 NCIT:C120926 sacci pneumatici Three distinct sets of organs perform respiration-the anterior air sacs (interclavicular, cervicals, and anterior thoracics), the lungs, and the posterior air sacs (posterior thoracics and abdominals). The posterior and anterior air sacs, typically nine, expand during inhalation. Air enters the bird via the trachea. Half of the inhaled air enters the posterior air sacs, the other half passes through the lungs and into the anterior air sacs. Air from the anterior air sacs empties directly into the trachea and out the bird's mouth or nares. The posterior air sacs empty their air into the lungs. Air passing through the lungs as the bird exhales is expelled via the trachea. Some taxonomic groups (Passeriformes) possess 7 air sacs, as the clavicular air sacs may interconnect or be fused with the cranial thoracic air sacs[WP] air sac An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body. BTO:0004733 gravid organism The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. CALOHA:TS-2208 EFO:0001395 FMA:24864 MESH:D001365 NCIT:C12674 UMLS:C0004454 galen:Axilla arm pit armpit axillary region regio axillaris axilla An epithelium that is part of a foregut-midgut junction. EHDAA2:0000573 EMAPA:16564 epithelium of foregut-midgut junction A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. EHDAA2:0004737 FMA:9690 pleural sac Branch or outpocketing of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100316 digestive tract diverticulum Non-contractile pouch that is connected to the anterior stomach through a slit-like opening. This pouch is also well-connected to the haemal system through numerous haemal ducts within its connective tissue layer. The digestive tract of many metazoan invertebrates is characterized by the presence of caeca or diverticula that serve secretory and/or absorptive functions. With the development of various feeding habits, distinctive digestive organs may be present in certain taxa. This also holds true for sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), in which a highly specialized gastric caecum can be found in members of a derived subgroup, the Irregularia (cake urchins, sea biscuits, sand dollars, heart urchins, and related forms)... Homologous with the more or less pronounced dilation of the anterior stomach that is observed in most "regular" sea urchin taxa[PMID:20955602] echinoderm gastric caecum galen:Diverticulum pouch sac A division of the stomach. The stomach can be divided based on mucosal histology (glandular epithelium and gastric glands) and the relative position and type of gastric gland. UBERON:0009034 EMAPA:35821 FMA:14558 MA:0002561 gastric zone region of stomach section of stomach zone of stomach An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food. BSA:0000123 TADS:0000172 TGMA:0001041 food storage organ A variant of the ascending colon in ruminants and pigs. NCIT:C92438 UMLS:C0227374 coiled colon spiral colon An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. structure with developmental contribution from neural crest A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification. VSAO:0000139 XAO:0004017 ZFA:0005620 endochondral replacement element endochondral element Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. FMA:69064 ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. FMA:45572 NCIT:C33419 NCIT:C49316 UMLS:C0836138 UMLS:C1514590 pseudostratified columnar epithelium Epithelium composed of a single layer of cells, appearing as layered because the column-shaped cells vary in height so the nuclei are at different levels. The basal portions of all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It lines the respiratory system and the male reproductive tract. The cilia in the respiratory tract are motile, while the stereocilia in the male reproductive tract are immobile. FMA:13146 NCIT:C13181 UMLS:C0506992 epithelium pseudostratificatum columnare ciliatum (trachea et bronchi) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb. FMA:258776 synovial joint of free limb segment Most limb joints are synovial, but a few such as the tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses. synovial limb joint A bone that is part of a neurocranium [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35238 MA:0001478 chondrocranium bone neurocranium bone A sphincter muscle that is part of the gastrointestinal system. NCIT:C32669 UMLS:C1517464 gastrointestinal sphincter A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 organ system subdivision A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present. NCIT:C12323 prepuce An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. EHDAA2:0004137 oral epithelium from ectoderm Portion of midgut after it bends around the superior mesenteric artery. EMAPA:17036 NCIT:C34211 UMLS:C1513298 VHOG:0000673 midgut loop A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium. EMAPA:17623 MA:0001613 NCIT:C77661 UMLS:C0227197 stomach glandular region A region of the stomach is lined with non-glandular epithelium. Examples of a stomach non-glandular region are found in rodents. EMAPA:17627 MA:0001625 NCIT:C77662 stomach non-glandular region Blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth[WP]. BTO:0004053 CALOHA:TS-1079 EFO:0001942 MESH:D005312 Cord blood is collected because it contains stem cells, which can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders.[WP] umbilical cord blood The intercostal lymph nodes (intercostal glands ) occupy the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces, in relation to the intercostal vessels. They receive the deep lymphatics from the postero-lateral aspect of the chest; some of these vessels are interrupted by small lateral intercostal glands. FMA:5932 NCIT:C77652 UMLS:C0229761 intercostal node nodi lymphoidei intercostales nodus intercostale intercostal lymph node NCIT:C60699 UMLS:C1882332 periampullary region periampullary region of duodenum An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. columnar epithelium An epithelial sac that is part of a Rathke's pouch. EHDAA2:0001473 EMAPA:25036 Rathkes pouch epithelium A cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to an internal or external jugular vein. FMA:61232 lateral cervical node lateral cervical lymph node The anterior cervical lymph nodes are a group of nodes found on the anterior part of the neck. FMA:61230 anterior cervical node anterior cervical lymph node The superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the external jugular vein. FMA:12769 superficial lateral cervical node superficial lateral cervical lymph node The superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes are found in proximity to the anterior jugular vein. FMA:12776 anterior jugular lymph node superficial anterior cervical lymph node The deep lateral cervical lymph nodes are found near the upper part of the internal jugular vein in the neck, lateral or posterior to the carotid sheath. FMA:12770 deep lateral cervical node deep lateral cervical lymph node The deep anterior cervical lymph nodes are found near the middle cricothyroid ligament and the trachea. FMA:12779 deep anterior cervical lymph node A ventral evagination extending anteriorly in the mid-portion of the intestine in Amphioxi. BTO:0002855 hepatic caecum hepatic cecum The subdivision of the digestive tract that consists of the colon and the rectum. BTO:0001613 CALOHA:TS-1298 NCIT:C54189 UMLS:C1711309 colorectum The upper one third of esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells of the striated type. NCIT:C12253 UMLS:C0227187 upper esophagus The lower one third of the esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells predominantly of the smooth type. NCIT:C12255 UMLS:C0227191 lower esophagus The middle one third of the esophagus in which the muscle layer is composed of muscle cells of the striated and smooth types. NCIT:C12254 UMLS:C0227189 middle part of esophagus subdivision of tube The very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated. FMA:14927 ampulla (duodenum) ampulla duodeni ampulla of duodenum bulbus (duodenum) bulbus duodeni duodenal cap duodenal cap viewed radiologically duodenal ampulla Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. skin projection integumentary projection A blood that is part of a artery. FMA:83066 arterial blood blood in artery portion of arterial blood arterial blood A blood that is part of a vein. FMA:83067 blood in vein portion of venous blood venous blood venous blood A blood that is part of a capillary. FMA:263901 NCIT:C32212 blood in capillary portion of blood in capillary portion of capillary blood capillary blood Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. EMAPA:37843 digestive organ digestive system organ digestive system element Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. lateral structure A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart SPD:0000130 cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel circulatory organ The feeding organ, a neuro-muscular pump in the head of the animal, used to ingest food, bacteria suspended in liquid, filter them out, grind them up and transport posteriorly into the instestine. WBbt:0003681 nematode pharynx A lymph node that is part of a hypodermis. MA:0003028 subcutaneous lymph node The splenic lymph nodes (or pancreaticolienal) accompany the lienal (splenic) artery, and are situated in relation to the posterior surface and upper border of the pancreas; one or two members of this group are found in the gastrolienal ligament. Their afferents are derived from the stomach, spleen, and pancreas, their efferents join the celiac group of preaortic glands. FMA:66187 MA:0003074 splenic lymph node A lymph node located near the bifurcation of the trachea. UBERON:0016381 FMA:5950 MA:0003068 NCIT:C77651 nodus tracheobronchiale lymphaticus tracheobronchal lymph node tracheobronchal node tracheobronchial node bronchial lymph node tracheobronchial lymph node FMA:62798 portion of heterogeneous tissue heterogeneous tissue An epithelium that is part of a foregut. EMAPA:32922 MA:0003204 foregut epithelium A lymph node found near the parotid gland. FMA:61216 MA:0003088 parotid node parotid lymph node Any of the lymph nodes adjacent to the stomach and duodenum. FMA:12798 MA:0003072 NCIT:C77640 hepatic node lymphoglandulae hepaticae lymphoglandulæ hepaticæ nodi lymphoidei hepatici portal lymph node hepatic lymph node FMA:66178 visceral abdominal lymph node A lymph node along the left gastric artery or greater omentum. FMA:12796 MA:0003071 NCIT:C92222 gastric node nodi lymphoidei gastrici gastric lymph node Lymph nodes of the pancreatic tail and spleen, receiving afferents from both organs plus the greater curvature of the stomach; they drain to the celiac lymph nodes. FMA:12799 pancreaticosplenic node pancreaticosplenic lymph node FMA:12802 pyloric node pyloric lymph node FMA:12804 cystic node cystic lymph node FMA:12805 lymph node of anterior border of epiploic foramen lymph node of anterior border of omental foramen node of anterior border of epiploic foramen node of anterior border of omental foramen nodus foraminalis nodus lymphoideus foraminalis lymph node of epiploic foramen The retropharyngeal lymph nodes, from one to three in number, lie in the buccopharyngeal fascia, behind the upper part of the pharynx and in front of the arch of the atlas, being separated, however, from the latter by the Longus capitis. Their afferents drain the nasal cavities, the nasal part of the pharynx, and the auditory tubes. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. They are in the retropharyngeal space. EMAPA:37724 FMA:61237 MA:0003070 NCIT:C77649 retropharyngeal node retropharyngeal lymph node A lymph node that is part of a head. FMA:61212 lymph node of head Any of the lymph nodes that are part of a face. FMA:61222 buccal lymph node facial lymph node The mandibular lymph node is a lymph node found near the jaw. FMA:61227 MA:0003067 mandibular node nodus mandibularis Editor nodes: consider merging with submandibular, at least for mouse, see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624319 mandibular lymph node Any lymph node within the abdominal pelvic region. FMA:12800 NCIT:C12363 lymph node of pelvis pelvic lymph node FMA:66193 parietal pelvic lymph node The external iliac lymph nodes, from eight to ten in number, lie along the external iliac vessels. They are arranged in three groups, one on the lateral, another on the medial, and a third on the anterior aspect of the vessels; the third group is, however, sometimes absent. Their principal afferents are derived from the inguinal lymph nodes, the deep lymphatics of the abdominal wall below the umbilicus and of the adductor region of the thigh, and the lymphatics from the glans penis vel clitoridis, the membranous urethra, the prostate, the fundus of the urinary bladder, the cervix uteri, and upper part of the vagina. FMA:12806 MA:0003066 NCIT:C32761 common iliac node iliac lymph node common iliac lymph node FMA:16646 NCIT:C88143 external iliac node external iliac lymph node The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e. , they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. It does not receive lymph from the ovary, testis, or superior half of the rectum; the gonads drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes, while the superior half of the rectum drains to the pararectal lymph nodes. FMA:16654 NCIT:C88142 internal iliac node internal iliac lymph node FMA:16657 gluteal node gluteal lymph node FMA:16667 presymphysial node presymphysial lymph node One of the deep inguinal lymph nodes located in or adjacent to the femoral canal; sometimes mistaken for a femoral hernia when enlarged. BTO:0004550 FMA:44303 nodus inguinales profundi proximalis nodus lymphoideus inguinales profundi proximalis proximal deep inguinal node proximal inguinal lymph node rosenmuller's gland rosenmuller's node proximal deep inguinal lymph node A lymph node that is located close to the surface. FMA:12767 NCIT:C102716 superficial lymph node A lymph node that is located deeper within the organism, further from the surface. FMA:12768 deep lymph node accessory mandibular lymph node A parotid lymph node that is located superficially. FMA:61217 superficial parotid node superficial parotid lymph node superficial intraparotid node superficial intraparotid lymph node cranial deep node cranial deep lymph node A lymph node that is medial to the gluteus superficialis m., caudal to gluteus medius m. and sciatic nerve lymph node. MA:0002884 sciatic lymph node One of the lymph nodes that form a chain around the ileocolic artery. FMA:16611 MA:0003065 NCIT:C77653 nodi lymphoidei ileocolici ileocecocolic lymph node ileocolic lymph node EMAPA:37723 MA:0003069 NCIT:C77654 prescapular lymph node The paraaortic lymph nodes (also known as para-aortic, periaortic, and peri-aortic) are a group of lymph nodes that lie in front of the lumbar vertebral bodies near the aorta. These lymph nodes receive drainage from the lower gastrointestinal tract and the pelvic organs. FMA:16604 MA:0003073 NCIT:C77643 lateral aortic lymph node lateral aortic node para-aortic lymph node paraaortic lymph node MA:0003092 auricular lymph node MA:0003118 thymic lymph node The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes, posterior auricular glands), usually two in number, are situated on the mastoid insertion of the Sternocleidomastoideus, beneath the Auricularis posterior. Their afferent vessels drain the posterior part of the temporoparietal region, the upper part of the cranial surface of the auricula or pinna, and the back of the external acoustic meatus; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61215 mastoid node postauricular lymph node retro-auricular lymph node retro-auricular node mastoid lymph node The deep parotid lymph nodes are lymph nodes found below the parotid gland. The afferents of the subparotid glands drain the nasal part of the pharynx and the posterior parts of the nasal cavities. Their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61218 deep parotid node deep parotid lymph node The preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes (anterior auricular glands or preauricular glands), from one to three in number, lie immediately in front of the tragus. Their afferents drain the lateral surface of the auricula and the skin of the adjacent part of the temporal region; their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands. FMA:61219 NCIT:C103429 pre-auricular lymph node pre-auricular node preauricular lymph node preauricular node anterior auricular lymph node The infra-auricular deep parotid lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes found underneath the ear. FMA:61220 infra-auricular deep node infra-auricular deep parotid lymph node infra-auricular deep parotid node infra-auricular node infra-auricular lymph node FMA:61221 intraglandular node intraglandular lymph node The submental lymph nodes (or suprahyoid) are situated between the anterior bellies of the Digastrici. Their afferents drain the central portions of the lower lip and floor of the mouth and the apex of the tongue. Their efferents pass partly to the submandibular lymph nodes and partly to a gland of the deep cervical group situated on the internal jugular vein at the level of the cricoid cartilage. FMA:61229 level Ia neck node submental node submental lymph node A lymph node that is part of a hindlimb. FMA:44310 lymph node of lower limb A lymph node that is part of a forelimb. FMA:44311 lymph node of upper limb FMA:16623 pancreaticoduodenal node pancreaticoduodenal lymph node FMA:300965 mesocolic lymph node A lymph node that is part of a bronchus. MA:0003078 NCIT:C32232 bronchial lymph node A viscus that is part of a abdomen. FMA:32413 FMA:67355 abdominal viscera abdominal viscera set set of abdominal viscera abdominal viscera A life cycle stage that starts at completion of development and growth of the sexually mature adult animal, and ends before senescence. prime adult stage A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas. BTO:0000123 bladder bladder organ A portion of organism substance that is secreted by a reproductive gland. reproductive gland secretion A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. morphological feature Any substance in the body or expelled from the body that is in a gaseous state. FMA:84580 gas in anatomical space portion of gas in anatomical space bodily gas The stage of being no more dependent of the nest and/or from caregivers for subsistence while having not reach sexual maturity. juvenile stage Nursing stage that follows the neonate stage in mammals and ends at weaning. infant stage An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 multi organ part structure A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. anatomical collection A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. external soft tissue zone FMA:55268 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone zone of organ Any gaseous product of an excretory process. excreted gas Any excreted gas that is produced by the digestive tract. FMA:78440 flatulence flatus intestinal gas In mammals, mostly produced as a byproduct of bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially the colon, and excreted through the rectum gas excreted from digestive tract The intraglandular deep parotid lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes found inside the parotid gland. deep intraparotid node intraglandular deep parotid lymph nodes deep intraparotid lymph node intraparotid node intraparotid lymph node A lymph node located in the area below the clavicle. FMA:14193 NCIT:C63705 deltopectoral lymph node deltopectoral node infraclavicular node nodus lymphaticus infraclavicularis axillae infraclavicular lymph node FMA:16656 NCIT:C88141 obturator node obturator lymph node A lymph node located in the back of the head adjacent to the trapezius muscle. FMA:61214 NCIT:C98188 occipital node occipital lymph node Any of the lymph nodes of the breast located under the ribcage, near the sternum. FMA:5849 NCIT:C32853 internal mammary lymph node nodus parasternale parasternal node parasternal lymph node A lymph node which is located above the clavicle. FMA:14192 NCIT:C12903 nodus lymphaticus supraclavicularis axillae supraclavicular node supraclavicular lymph node A lymph node located in the retroperitoneal space. FMA:16694 NCIT:C98189 retroperitoneal node retroperitoneal lymph node A lymph node located in the superior mediastinum that collects lymph from the thymus, the pericardium, and the right side of the heart. FMA:12775 NCIT:C32097 anterior mediastinal node anterior mediastinal lymph node A skeletal element of the ethmoid region with complex morphology that are lined with mucuous membranes involved in either olfaction or air conditioning. nasal turbinal nasal turbinal element nasal turbinate turbinal turbinate nasal turbinal FMA:5968 intrapulmonary lymph node pulmonary node pulmonary lymph node The lymph nodes around the subsegmental bronchi. FMA:276861 NCIT:C28745 subsegmental lymph node FMA:12241 serous cavity EHDAA2:0004070 respiratory primordium epithelium A bodily fluid that is located in the coelom. BTO:0001708 coelomic fluid Fluid that lines the vaginal walls that consists of multiple secretions that collect in the vagina from different glands. vaginal fluid A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid FMA:20932 serous sac fluid secretion of serous membrane FMA:12785 supramammary node supramammary lymph node Gastric lymph node located around the cardia of stomach. FMA:12803 aJCC level 16 lymph node ring of cardia of stomach paracardial gastric node paracardial lymph node paracardial gastric lymph node An axillary lymph node that is placed along the lower margin of the posterior wall of the axilla in the course of the subscapular artery. FMA:14187 nodus lymphaticus subscapularis axillae posterior axillary node subcapsular node subscapular axillary lymph node An axiallary lymph node along the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, in relation with the lateral thoracic artery. Their afferents drain the skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral thoracic walls, and the central and lateral parts of the mamma; their efferents pass partly to the central and partly to the subclavicular groups of axillary glands. FMA:14188 anterior axillary lymph node nodus lymphaticus pectoralis axillae pectoral lymph node pectoral axillary lymph node An axillary lymph node that is imbedded in the adipose tissue near the base of the axilla. FMA:14189 central node nodus lymphaticus centralis axillae central axillary lymph node An axillary lymph node that is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the Pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle. FMA:14190 nodus lymphaticus apicalis axillae apical axillary lymph node FMA:16609 central mesenteric lymph node central superior mesenteric lymph node intermediate lymph node of small intestine intermediate mesenteric node intermediate mesenteric lymph node FMA:16610 juxta-arterial mesenteric node juxta-arterial mesenteric lymph node FMA:16613 epicolic node epicolic lymph node FMA:16616 preterminal colic node preterminal colic lymph node FMA:16617 ileal mesentary lymph node ileal node ileal lymph node FMA:16624 superior pancreaticoduodenal node superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node FMA:16625 inferior pancreaticoduodenal node inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node Pancreaticosplenioc lymph node located along the inferior margin of pancreas. FMA:16628 inferior pancreatic node inferior pancreatiosplenic lymph node jPS 18 node jPS no. 18 node no. 18 pancreatic lymph node no. 18 pancreaticoduodenal lymph node inferior pancreatic lymph node FMA:16629 intestinal node visceral lumbar lymph node intestinal lymph node FMA:16641 medial common iliac node medial common iliac lymph node FMA:16642 intermediate common iliac node intermediate common iliac lymph node FMA:16643 lateral common iliac node lateral common iliac lymph node FMA:16644 subaortic common iliac node subaortic lymph node subaortic common iliac lymph node FMA:16645 promontory node promontory lymph node FMA:16647 medial external iliac node medial external iliac lymph node FMA:16648 intermediate external iliac node intermediate external iliac lymph node FMA:16649 lateral external iliac node lateral external iliac lymph node FMA:16651 interiliac node interiliac lymph node FMA:16658 superior gluteal node superior gluteal lymph node FMA:16659 inferior gluteal node inferior gluteal lymph node FMA:16669 anorectal lymph node FMA:12771 axillary node superficial axillary lymph node FMA:12773 diaphragmatic node diaphragmatic lymph node Gastric lymph node located along the lesser curvature of stomach. FMA:12797 aJCC level 17L node left gastric node left gastric lymph node FMA:14186 brachial axillary node humeral node nodus lymphaticus brachialis axillae lateral axillary lymph node FMA:16602 left parietal lumbar node left parietal lumbar lymph node FMA:16620 appendicular node appendicular lymph node FMA:16621 pararectal node perirectal lymph node rectal lymph node pararectal lymph node FMA:224626 right retropharyngeal lymph node FMA:224628 left retropharyngeal lymph node FMA:232351 lateral superior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232355 anterior superior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232358 lateral inferior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232361 anterior inferior deep cervical lymph node FMA:232552 right occipital lymph node FMA:232554 left occipital lymph node FMA:232558 right apical axillary lymph node FMA:232560 left apical axillary lymph node FMA:232566 right subscapular axillary lymph node FMA:232568 left subscapular axillary lymph node FMA:232570 right pectoral axillary lymph node FMA:232572 left pectoral axillary lymph node FMA:232574 right central axillary lymph node FMA:232576 left central axillary lymph node FMA:232854 jugular lymph node FMA:234376 supramandibular lymph node FMA:234382 external jugular lymph node FMA:234388 sternal lymph node FMA:234390 upper intercostal lymph node FMA:234392 lower intercostal lymph node FMA:234498 subclavian lymph node FMA:234527 antebrachial lymph node FMA:265353 cardiophrenic angle node cardiophrenic angle lymph node FMA:265356 retrocrural node retrocrural lymph node FMA:276784 jejunal mesentary lymph node jejunal lymph node FMA:276796 inferior rectal lymph node FMA:12807 medial diaphragmatic node middle diaphragmatic lymph node medial diaphragmatic lymph node FMA:16603 parietal pre-aortic node parietal preaortic node parietal pre-aortic lymph node FMA:16607 post-aortic lymph node postaortic lymph node retro-aortic node retroaortic lymph node retro-aortic lymph node FMA:265350 paracardiac node paracardiac lymph node FMA:276807 pericardial lymph node FMA:276813 5 thoracic lymph node aortopulmonary window lymph node mediastinal lymph node station # 5 station 5 N2 lymph node station 5 lymph node subaortic lymph node aortopulmonary lymph node FMA:276820 6 thoracic lymph node pre-aortic No. 6 lymph node station 6 N2 lymph node station 6 lymph node para-aortic thoracic lymph node FMA:276828 11 R+L thoracic 11 thoracic lymph node station 11 N1 lymph node station 11 lymph node interlobar lymph node FMA:276849 12R+L thoracic lymph node station 12 N1 lymph node station 12 lymph node lobar lymph node FMA:276855 13R+L thoracic lymph node station 13 N1 lymph node station 13 lymph node segmental lymph node FMA:276867 9R+L thoracic lymph node inferior pulmonary ligament lymph node node of inferior pulmonary ligament pulmonary ligament lymph node station 9 N2 lymph node station 9 lymph node lymph node of inferior pulmonary ligament FMA:276903 superior mediastinal lymph node Left gastric lymph node located along the left gastric artery. FMA:277061 jPS 7 node jPS no. 7 node no. 7 left gastric lymph node superior left gastric node superior left gastric lymph node Left gastric lymph node located along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of stomach in the lesser omentum. FMA:277064 inferior left gastric node jPS 3 node jPS No. 3 node inferior left gastric lymph node FMA:277227 visceral lymph node of abdomen Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery. FMA:277259 common hepatic lymph node Hepatic lymph node located along the portal vein. FMA:277271 jPS 12p node jPS No. 12p node no. 12p hepatic lymph node periportal lymph node porta hepatis lymph node portahepatic lymph node portal lymph node hepatoportal lymph node Superior pancreatic lymph node located along the proximal segment of splenic artery. FMA:277295 jPS 11p node jPS no. 11p node no. 11p superior pancreatic lymph node proximal superior pancreaticosplenic lymph node proximal superior pancreatic lymph node Superior pancreatic lymph node located along the distal segment of splenic artery. FMA:277298 distal superior pancreaticosplenic lymph node jPS 11d node jPS no. 11d node no. 11d superior pancreatic lymph node distal superior pancreatic lymph node Superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior anterior of superior region of head of pancreas. FMA:277305 anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node jPS 17a node jPS no. 17a node no. 17a pancreaticoduodenal lymph node anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node Superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of superior portion of head of pancreas. FMA:277310 jPS 13a node jPS no. 13a node no. 13a pancreaticoduodenal lymph node posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas. FMA:277315 anteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node jPS 17b node jPS no. 17b node no. 17b pancreaticoduodenal lymph node anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas. FMA:277317 jPS 13b node jPS no. 13b node no. 13b pancreaticoduodenal lymph node posteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node FMA:277368 jPS 17 node no. 17 pancreaticoduodenal lymph node anterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node FMA:277581 mural mesenteric lymph node para-intestinal mesenteric lymph node juxta-intestinal mesenteric lymph node Intestinal lymph node located anterior to aorta. FMA:277610 visceral para-aortic lymph node visceral pre-aortic node visceral preaortic lymph node visceral pre-aortic lymph node FMA:277614 juxta-arterial jejunal lymph node FMA:277616 juxta-arterial ileal lymph node FMA:277618 intermediate jejunal lymph node FMA:277620 intermediate ileal lymph node Gastric lymph node located along the greater curvature of stomach. FMA:277652 gastro-epiploic node gastro-omental lymph node gastro-omental node jPS 4 node jPS No. 4 node lymph node of greater curvature of stomach gastro-epiploic lymph node FMA:278181 pararectal lymph node of pelvis FMA:278188 superior ileocolic lymph node FMA:281309 biliary lymph node jPS 12b node jPS No. 12b node no. 12b hepatic lymph node lymph node along bile duct FMA:304577 jPS 13 node no. 13 pancreaticoduodenal lymph node posterior ancreaticoduodenal lymph node Lymph node located in either head and neck region. FMA:321555 head and neck lymph node lymph node of head and neck craniocervical lymph node FMA:44231 superficial popliteal lymph node FMA:44232 deep popliteal lymph node FMA:44297 superomedial node superior medial inguinal lymph node FMA:44301 superolateral node superior lateral inguinal lymph node FMA:44302 inferior inguinal node subinguinal lymph node inferior inguinal lymph node FMA:44304 cloquet's gland cloquet's node intermediate deep inguinal node intermediate inguinal lymph node middle inguinal node nodus inguinales profundi intermedius nodus lymphoideus inguinales profundi intermedius intermediate deep inguinal lymph node FMA:44305 distal deep inguinal node distal inguinal lymph node nodus inguinales profundi distalis nodus lymphoideus inguinales profundi distalis distal deep inguinal lymph node FMA:44306 tIbial node tibial lymph node FMA:44309 fibular node nodus fibularis nodus lymphoideus fibularis peroneal lymph node peroneal node fibular lymph node FMA:44312 interpectoral node interpectoral lymph node FMA:44313 paramammary node paramammary lymph node FMA:44315 cubital node cubital lymph node FMA:44316 supra-epicondylar lymph node supratrochlear node supratrochlear lymph node FMA:5935 lateral diaphragmatic node lateral diaphragmatic lymph node FMA:5936 anterior diaphragmatic node anterior diaphragmatic lymph node FMA:5941 posterior diaphragmatic node posterior diaphragmatic lymph node FMA:5944 brachiocephalic node innominate lymph node brachiocephalic lymph node FMA:5947 nodus mediastinale posteriore lymphaticus posterior mediastinal node posterior mediastinal lymph node FMA:5953 cervical paratracheal lymph node nodus paratracheale lymphaticus paratracheal node tracheal lymph node paratracheal lymph node FMA:5959 4 thoracic lymph node 4R+L thoracic lymph node lower paratracheal lymph node nodus tracheobronchiale superiore lymphaticus station 4 N2 lymph node station 4 lymph node superior tracheobronchial lymph node FMA:5962 carinate lymph node nodus tracheobronchialis inferioris lymphaticus inferior tracheobronchial lymph node FMA:61223 buccinator node nodus buccinatorius nodus lymphoideus buccinatorius buccinator lymph node FMA:61225 nasolabial node nodus lymphoideus nasolabialis nodus nasolabialis nasolabial lymph node FMA:61226 malar node nodus lymphoideus malaris nodus malaris malar lymph node FMA:61228 lingual lymph node FMA:61233 infrahyoid node infrahyoid lymph node FMA:61234 prelaryngeal node prelaryngeal lymph node FMA:61235 thyroid node thyroid lymph node FMA:61236 pretracheal node pretracheal lymph node FMA:61238 superior deep lateral cervical lymph node FMA:61239 inferior deep lateral cervical lymph node FMA:61240 jugulodigastric node nodus jugulodigastricus nodus lymphoideus jugulodigastricus jugulodigastric lymph node FMA:61242 accessory cervical lymph node FMA:66167 superior diaphragmatic node superior diaphragmatic lymph node Pylorioc lymph node located near the bifurcation of gastroduodenal artery and superior to the pylorus. FMA:66183 jPS 5 node jPS no.5 node no. 5 station pyloric lymph node nodus lymphoideus suprapyloricus nodus suprapyloricus suprapyloric node suprapyloric lymph node Pylorioc lymph node located in the angle between the superior and descending parts of duodenum. FMA:66184 infrapyloric lymph node infrapyloric node jPS 6 node jPS no. 6 node no. 6 station pyloric lymph node subpyloric node subpyloric lymph node FMA:66185 retropyloric node retropyloric lymph node FMA:78731 inferior ileocolic lymph node FMA:84597 lateral sacral lymph node FMA:84598 medial sacral lymph node A tracheobronchial lymph node situated in the hilum of a lung. FMA:5965 10 R+L thoracic bronchopulmonary node hilar lymph node station 10 N1 lymph node station 10 lymph node bronchopulmonary lymph node FMA:16612 colic node pericolic lymph node pericolonic lymph node colic lymph node ZFA:0001427 anterior nostril anterior naris Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. Not clear how this differs from parent class. See https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1305 external integument structure A finger-like out-pocketing of the intestine where it meets the end of the stomach (pylorus). Also spelled cecum (ceca). Serves to aid digestion. TAO:0002253 pyloric appendage pyloric caeca pyloric caecum actinopterygian pyloric caecum A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. anorectal canal anorectum