Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Internet of Samples: Toward an Interdisciplinary Cyberinfrastructure for Material Samples
type: Grant
funder: 04nh1dc89

Appendix B. Classification of metamorphic and other composite-genesis rocks, including hydrothermally altered, impact-metamorphic, mylonitic, and cataclastic rocks.
type: NamedIndividual
definition: Workgroup product with classification of composite-genesis materials for use in digital information systems.
preferred label: Science Language for composite-genesis materials, v. 1.0 (SLTTM)

Dr. Boyan Brodaric
type: Person
type: NamedIndividual
affiliation: Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada
comment: e-mail: mailto:boyan.brodaric@canada.ca

Dr. Stephen M. Richard
type: Person
type: NamedIndividual
comment: e-mail: mailto:smrTucson@gmail.com

acidic igneous rock
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
broader: acidic igneous material
definition: Igneous rock with more than 63 percent SiO2.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar granite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granitoid
definition: Granitic rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

andesite
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: Note the mela-andesite and leuco-basalt categories are not recommended in this system. If chemical analytical data are available to constrain the silica content, the basalt or andesite category should be used.
broader: fine grained igneous rock
broader: intermediate composition igneous rock
definition: Fine-grained igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2 as andesite. Basalt and andesite, which share the same QAPF fields, are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight. Typically consists of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

anorthositic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002; This vocabulary
comment: Anorthositic rock term invented to label the combined QAPF fields 10, 10*, and 10', in order to construct hierarchy in this vocabulary.
comment: Leucocratic phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small amounts of pyroxene. By definition, colour index M is less than 10, and plagiclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Less than 20 percent quartz and less than 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10, 10*, and 10'.
broader: plutonic rock
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Aphanite
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Rock
definition: Rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

aplite
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Light coloured crystalline rock, characterized by a fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and sodic plagioclase.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

basalt
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: basic igneous rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than 20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater 0.65. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as basalt. Basalt and andesite are distinguished chemically based on silica content, with basalt defined to contain less than 52 weight percent silica. If chemical data are not available, the color index is used to distinguish the categories, with basalt defined to contain greater than 35 percent mafic minerals by volume or greater than 40 percent mafic minerals by weight.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

basic igneous rock
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al 2005; LeMaitre et al. 2002; Gillespie and Styles 1999
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
broader: basic igneous material
definition: Igneous rock with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

biogenic sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
comment: Corresponding biogenic sedimentary material and biogenic sedimentary rock categories are not included based on the interpretation that biogenic sedimentary rock will be in a different category, e.g. carbonate sedimentary rock or organic rich sedimentary rock.
broader: Sediment
definition: Sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material of biogenic origin. Because the biogenic material may be skeletal remains that are not organic, all biogenic sediment is not necessarily organic-rich.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Breccia
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix, and consolidated or nonconsolidated. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. In sedimentary environments, breccia is used for material that consists entirely of angular fragments, mostly derived from a single source rock body, as in a rock avalanche deposit, and matrix is interpreted to be the product of comminution of clasts during transport. Diamictite or diamicton is used when the material reflects mixing of rock from a variety of sources, some sub angular or subrounded clasts may be present, and matrix is pre-existing fine grained material that is not a direct product of the brecciation/deposition process.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sediment
broader: Carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
comment: Particularly for fine-grained sedimentary rocks, distinction of 'intrabasinal' versus 'clastic' genesis can be very interpretive. In practice the use of clastic mudstone terminology as opposed to carbonate mudstone terminology may be dermined by a priori knowledge about the rock being categorized. If it is associated with other clastic rocks, the clastic categories will be favored, if with cabonate rocks, the carbonate categories will be favored. Carbonate rock subcatgories are defined on two orthogonal dimensions--mineralogy (calcitic vs. dolomitic vs non-carbonate impurities), and texture. The texture categories used here are those of Dunham (1962), and involve grain size (matrix vs. grains/allochems), fabric (matrix vs. grain supported), and genesis (bound, frame, or fragmental). The textural approach used for carbonate rocks is conceptually incompatible with that used for clastic sedimentary rocks, which is solely grain size or mineralogy based. This leads to problems in the vocabulary for rocks of mixed siliclastic/carbonate mineralogy (grainstone vs. sandstone, carbonate mudstone vs. carbonate rich mudstone, how to accomodate marlstone...).
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: Carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite, magnesite or dolomite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

cataclasite series
type: Concept
source: Sibson, 1977; Scholz, 1990; Snoke and Tullis, 1998; Barker, 1998 Appendix II; NADM SLTTm, 2004
broader: Fault related material
broader: Composite genesis rock
definition: Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion during deformation, with matrix comprising greater than 10 percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material formed through grain size reduction by fracture as opposed to crystal plastic process that operate in mylonitic rock. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

chemical sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent material produced by inorganic chemical processes within the basin of deposition. Includes inorganic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and phosphatic sediment classes, as well as chemical sediments associated with submarine hot springs ('black smokers'). Note that these sediments might crystallize as a solid as they are deposited, thus similar to rock....
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

clastic sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005
comment: The conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone, and wackestone categories are not defined as kinds of clastic sedimentary rocks because rocks meeting their purely grainsize based definitions might also be iron-rich, phosphatic, or carbonate. This is based on GeoSciML allowance to assign rocks to more than one lithology category. For example to categorize a rock as a clastic conglomerate requires assignment ot the 'clastic sedimentary rock' category and to the 'conglomerate' category. Particularly for fine-grained sedimentary rocks, distinction of 'intrabasinal' versus 'clastic' genesis can be very interpretive. In practice the use of clastic mudstone terminology as opposed to carbonate mudstone terminology may be dermined by a priori knowledge about the rock being categorized. If it is associated with other clastic rocks, the clastic categories will be favored, if with cabonate rocks, the carbonate categories will be favored.
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: clastic sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

coal
type: Concept
source: Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.
label: kohle @de
broader: organic rich sedimentary rock
definition: A consolidated organic sedimentary material having less than 75% moisture. This category includes low, medium, and high rank coals according to International Classification of In-Seam Coal (United Nations, 1998), thus including lignite. Sapropelic coal is not distinguished in this category from humic coals. Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dacite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: acidic igneous rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine grained or porphyritic crystalline rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.65. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3. Typically composed of quartz and sodic plagioclase with minor amounts of biotite and/or hornblende and/or pyroxene; fine-grained equivalent of granodiorite and tonalite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

diamictite
type: Concept
source: Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978
broader: clastic sedimentary rock
definition: Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sedimentary rock with a wide range of particle sizes including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. If more than 10 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wacke.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dioritoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: intermediate composition igneous rock
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater that 0.65, and anorthite content of plagioclase is less than 50 percent. Less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 (and their subdivisions).
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

doleritic rock
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al 2005; LeMaitre et al. 2002; Gillespie and Styles 1999
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic) rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite, microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

exotic composition igneous rock
type: Concept
source: Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Rock or tephra with exotic mineralogical, textural or field setting characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than 10 percent melilite or leucite, or presence of kalsilite, or greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. Includes Carbonatite, Melilitic rock, Kalsilitic rocks, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Leucitic rock and Lamprophyres. @en ;
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Fault related material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary; SLTTm 2004
broader: Rock
broader: Composite genesis material
definition: Material formed as a result brittle faulting, composed of greater than 10 percent matrix; matrix is fine-grained material caused by tectonic grainsize reduction. Includes cohesive (cataclasite series, mylonitic rocks) and non-cohesive (breccia-gouge series) material.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

fine grained igneous rock
type: Concept
source: Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: Need to make decision as to whether devitrified glass should be considered glass or microcrystalline framework for purposes of categorization
alternative label: volcanic rock
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of crystals that are too small to determine mineralogy with the unaided eye; framework may include up to 50 percent glass. A significant percentage of the rock by volume may be phenocrysts. Includes rocks that are generally called volcanic rocks.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid dioritoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoid minerals form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, plagioclase has anorthite content less than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid gabbroid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock in which M is less than 90, the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.5, feldspathoids form 10-60 percent of the QAPF fraction, and plagioclase has anorthite content greater than 50 percent. These rocks typically contain large amounts of mafic minerals. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 13 and 14.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid syenitoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, contains between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes QAPF fields 11 and 12.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foiditoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
alternative label: foidite (sensu lato)
alternative label: foiditic rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine grained crystalline rock containing less than 90 percent mafic minerals and more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15 or chemically in TAS field F.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foidolite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock containing more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 15
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

fragmental igneous rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Igneous rock
broader: fragmental igneous material
definition: Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks, autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes (see Tuffite)
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gabbroic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: basic igneous rock
broader: gabbroid
definition: Gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9 in the QAPF fraction. Includes QAPF fields 10*, 10, and 10'. This category includes the various categories defined in LeMaitre et al. (2002) based on the mafic mineralogy, but apparently not subdivided based on the quartz/feldspathoid content.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gabbroid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, and up to 20 percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. The ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.65, and anorthite content of the plagioclase is greater than 50 percent. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10 and their subdivisions.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

generic conglomerate
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005; SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: Sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

generic mudstone
type: Concept
source: Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth and Knox 1999; extrapolated from Folk, 1954, Figure 1a; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
comment: Distinction of intrabasinal, diagenetic, or clastic genesis for very fine-grained carbonate minerals is so interpretive that it is proposed to not define the mudstone category based on intrabasinal vs epiclastic distinction required for clastic sedimentary rock-carbonate sedimentary rock categorization in this system. Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154.
broader: Sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Generic sandstone
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: Sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

glass rich igneous rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary, based on Gillespie and Styles 1999
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock that contains greater than 50 percent massive glass.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

granite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granitoid
definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase (typically sodic) in variable amounts, usually with biotite and/or hornblende. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 3.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

granitoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
alternative label: granitic rock
broader: acidic igneous rock
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of quartz, alkali feldspar and/or plagioclase. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

granodiorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granitoid
definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting essentially of quartz, sodic plagioclase and lesser amounts of alkali feldspar with minor hornblende and biotite. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 4.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gravel size sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: Sediment
definition: Sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Composition or gensis of clasts not specified.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

high magnesium fine grained igneous rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: fine-grained igneous rock that contains unusually high concentration of MgO. For rocks that contain greater than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 8 percent. For rocks containing less than 52 percent silica, MgO must be greater than 12 percent.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

hornblendite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: ultramafic igneous rock
broader: Ultramafic plutonic rock
definition: Ultramafic rock that consists of greater than 40 percent hornblende plus pyroxene and has a hornblende to pyroxene ratio greater than 1. Includes olivine hornblendite, olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite, and hornblendite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Hybrid sediment
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox, 1999
broader: Sediment
definition: Sediment that does not fit any of the other sediment composition/genesis categories. Sediment consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

hybrid sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox, 1999
broader: Sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock that does not fit any of the other composition/genesis categories. Sedimentary rock consisting of three or more components which form more than 5 percent but less than 50 precent of the material.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

hypabyssal intrusive rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Igneous rocks formed by crystallisation close to the Earth's surface, characterized by more rapid cooling than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock, commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Igneous rock
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al 2005
broader: Rock
broader: Igneous material
definition: rock formed as a result of igneous processes, for example intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, or volcanic eruption.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Impact generated material
type: Concept
source: Stöffler and Grieve 2007; Jackson 1997
broader: Rock
broader: Composite genesis material
definition: Material that contains features indicative of shock metamorphism, such as microscopic planar deformation features within grains or shatter cones, interpreted to be the result of extraterrestrial bolide impact. Includes breccias and melt rocks.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

intermediate composition igneous rock
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
broader: intermediate composition igneous material
definition: Igneous rock with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

iron rich sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sediment
broader: Iron rich sedimentary material
definition: Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

iron rich sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: Iron rich sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Massive sulphide
type: Concept
source: Provisional SMR 2020-06-07
alternative label: Massive Sulfide
broader: Rock
definition: rock consisting of greater than 50% sulphide or sulfosalt minerals formed by any processes. Includes hydrothermal and sedimentary ehalative sulfide.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Metamorphic rock
type: Concept
source: Jackson 1997
comment: Robertson (1999, Classification of metamorphic rocks: British Geological Survey Research Report, RR 99–02) defines the boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism in sedimentary rocks as follows: “…the boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism is somewhat arbitrary and strongly dependent on the lithologies involved. For example changes take place in organic materials at lower temperatures than in rocks dominated by silicate minerals. In mudrocks, a white mica (illite) crystallinity value of less than 0.42 Delta 2 Theta obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, is used to define the onset of metamorphism (Kisch, 1991). In this scheme, the first appearance of glaucophane, lawsonite, paragonite, prehnite, pumpellyite or stilpnomelane is taken to indicate the lower limit of metamorphism (Frey and Kisch, 1987; Bucher and Frey, 1994; Frey and Robinson, 1998). Most workers agree that such mineral growth starts at 150 +/- 50° C in silicate rocks. Many lithologies may show no change in mineralogy under these conditions and hence the recognition of the onset of metamorphism will vary with bulk composition.”
broader: Rock
broader: Composite genesis rock
definition: Rock formed by solid-state mineralogical, chemical and/or structural changes to a pre-existing rock, in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress and chemical environment.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

metasomatic rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: SLTTm (2004) proposed the following criteria to distinguish hydrothermally altered or metasomatic rock from igneous rock. "The rock is classified as metamorphic if (1) the texture has been modified such that it can no longer be considered igneous, (2) the bulk composition of the rock is inconsistent with compositions that can be derived purely from a magma and associated processes such as assimilation and differentiation, or (3) minerals inconsistent with magmatic crystallization are present."
broader: Rock
broader: Composite genesis rock
definition: Rock that has fabric and composition indicating open-system mineralogical and chemical changes in response to interaction with a fluid phase, typically water rich.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzogabbroic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002, This vocabulary
broader: gabbroid
definition: Gabbroid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.65 and 0.9. QAPF field 9, 9 prime and 9 asterisk
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

mud size sediment
type: Concept
source: based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: Sediment
definition: Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin. BGS (Hallsworth and Knox, 1999, p. 9) define the 'upper size limit of mud ... at 32 micrometers (.032 mm)', but Wentworth scale and Krumbein scale put boundary at .064 or .062 mm (inidistinguishable difference in rocks...) BGS 'mud-grade sediment' or sedimentary rock definition is 'over 75% of the clasts smaller than .032 mm', which is narrower than the definition here.
definition: Sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. Clasts may be of any composition or origin.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

mylonitic rock
type: Concept
source: Marshak and Mitra 1988
broader: Fault related material
broader: foliated metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock characterised by a foliation resulting from tectonic grain size reduction, in which more than 10 percent of the rock volume has undergone grain size reduction. Includes protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite, and blastomylonite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

non clastic siliceous sediment
type: Concept
source: NGMDB 2008; Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: Sediment
broader: non clastic siliceous sedimentary material
definition: Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: modified from SLTTs 2004
comment: Definition updated to include chert, flint SMR 2020-09-21
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: non clastic siliceous sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition, or formed by diagenetic processes. Includes chert and flint found in carbonate rocks.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

organic rich sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
comment: Sapropelic coal, and asphaltite are not differentiated in This vocabulary
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: organic rich sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pegmatite
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter; composition is generally that of granite, but the term may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or veins associated with plutons or batholiths.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

peridotite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: ultramafic igneous rock
broader: Ultramafic plutonic rock
definition: Ultramafic rock consisting of more than 40 percent (by volume) olivine with pyroxene and/or amphibole and little or no feldspar. commonly altered to serpentinite. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

plutonic rock
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: coarse grained crystalline igneous rock
alternative label: phaneritic igneous rock
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock in which the framework of the rock consists of individual crystals that can be discerned with the unaided eye. Bounding grain size is on the order of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with 'exotic' composition are excluded from this concept.
definition: Instrusive igneous rock formed by crystallisation of magma far enough below Earth surface that complete crystallization of magma bodies forms holocrystalline medium to coarse grained igneous rock, wall rocks generally do not include volcanic products related to the magma, and some contact metamorphism is typically developed at intrusive contacts.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phonolitoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
alternative label: phonolitic rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phosphate rich sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sediment
broader: phosphate rich sedimentary material
definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phosphorite
type: Concept
source: HallsworthandKnox 1999, Jackson 1997
broader: Sedimentary rock
broader: phosphate rich sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals. Most commonly occurs as a bedded primary or reworked secondary marine rock, composed of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite in the form of lamina, pellets, oolites and nodules, and skeletal, shell and bone fragments.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

porphyry
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a finer grained groundmass; groundmass itself may be phaneritic or fine-grained.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pyroclastic rock
type: Concept
source: based on LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: fragmental igneous rock
broader: Volcanic rock
broader: Pyroclastic material
definition: Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75 percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its surface. Includes autobreccia associated with lava flows and excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pyroxenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: ultramafic igneous rock
broader: Ultramafic plutonic rock
definition: Ultramafic phaneritic igneous rock composed almost entirely of one or more pyroxenes and occasionally biotite, hornblende and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as olivine pyroxenite, olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz rich igneous rock
type: Concept
source: Gillespie and Styles 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: Occurrence of igneous rocks meeting this criteria seems to be vanishingly rare, thus subdividing the category does not seem warranted for the purposes of This vocabulary. Future usage of the vocabulary may motivate including quatzolite and quartz-rich granitoid in future revisions
broader: acidic igneous rock
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock that contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals and contains greater than 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

rhyolitoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: Note that technical definition, based on modal mineralogy plotted in a QAPF triangle may be applied qualitatively, based on phenocryst mineralogy when ground mass mineralogy can not be determined optically, or based on CIPW norm. Although TAS categories are defined based on chemical analyses, the correspondence with the QAPF defined categories is generally close enough that QAPF categories are commonly used interchangeably with TAS categories. It is important to note the basis for assignment of fine-grained igneous rocks to a specifice lithology category.
alternative label: rhyolitic rock
broader: acidic igneous rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: fine_grained_igneous_rock consisting of quartz and alkali feldspar, with minor plagioclase and biotite, in a microcrystalline, cryptocrystalline or glassy groundmass. Flow texture is common. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2 and 3 or chemically in TAS Field R as rhyolite. QAPF normative definition is based on modal mineralogy thus: less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 20 and 60 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and ratio of plagioclse to total feldspar is less than 0.65.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

sand size sediment
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005 ; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: Sediment
definition: Sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. composition or genesis of clasts not specified.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Rock
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as a result of other natural agents, such as precipitation from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms. Includes epiclastic deposits.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

syenitoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock with M less than 90, consisting mainly of alkali feldspar and plagioclase; minor quartz or nepheline may be present, along with pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.65, quartz forms less than 20 percent of QAPF fraction, and feldspathoid minerals form less than 10 percent of QAPF fraction. Includes rocks classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 and their subdivisions.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Tephra
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Sediment
broader: Pyroclastic material
definition: Unconsolidated pyroclastic material in which greater than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash, lapilli tephra, bomb tephra, block tephra and unconsolidated agglomerate.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tephritoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
alternative label: tephritic rock
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.5. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 13 and 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as basanite or tephrite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tonalite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granitoid
definition: Granitoid consisting of quartz and intermediate plagioclase, usually with biotite and amphibole. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 5; ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is greater than 0.9.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

trachytoid
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: fine grained igneous rock
definition: Fine grained igneous rock than contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and less than 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.65. Mafic minerals typically include amphibole or mica; typically porphyritic. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 (with subdivisions) or chemically in TAS Field T as trachyte or latite.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Tuffite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998
comment: In practice, it is likely that any rock for which there is suspicion that it may consist of redeposited pyroclastic material, usually based on sedimentary structures, irrespective of the presence or percentage of clearly epiclastic particles, would be called a tuffite. 50 percent cutoff with epiclastic rock is in contrast with LeMaitre et al., but is used for consistentency with other sedimentary rock categories following the pattern that the rock name reflects the predominant constituent.
comment: synonym: volcaniclastic rock
label: tuffit @de
alternative label: Volcaniclastic rock
broader: Rock
definition: Rock consists of more than 50 percent particles of indeterminate pyroclastic or epiclastic origin and less than 75 percent particles of clearly pyroclastic origin. commonly the rock is laminated or exhibits size grading. (based on LeMaitre et al. 2002; Murawski and Meyer 1998).
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ultrabasic igneous rock
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock with less than 45 percent SiO2.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ultramafic igneous rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002; Gillespie and Styles 1999
broader: Igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Volcanic rock
type: Concept
broader: Igneous rock
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: Rock that exhibits direct evidence of extrusive igneous processes in its genesis.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Hand-sample level evidence for extrusive origin includes vesiculation, inclusion of supracrustal fragments, eutaxitic foliation, bread-crust surfaces; weaker evidence includes glassy texture or fragmentation interpreted to be related to flow or eruption processes. In many cases, rocks are classified as volcanic based on the context in which they are collected; as such the assignement of volcanic genesis is not based on properties directly observable in the sample.
note: This class will overlap with various other classes, including exotic composition, fine-grained igneous, glass-rich igneous, intermediate-composition, porphyry, ultrabasic, ultramafic, depending on how much information is available

breccia gouge series
type: Concept
source: SLTTm 2004
broader: Fault related material
definition: Fault-related material with features such as void spaces (filled or unfilled), or unconsolidated matrix material between fragments, indicating loss of cohesion during deformation. Includes fault-related breccia and gouge.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

clastic sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005
comment: Choice of 'clastic' is purposful. Other suggested labels for this category include siliciclastic and terrigineous clastic. Siliciclastic is considered too limiting because the category includes rocks that consists clasts of carbonate minerals, e.g. epiclastic detritus eroded from carbonate rock. Terrigineous clastic was considered and rejected first because it is considered redundant, anything that is terrigineous is clastic. Second, it is questionable if clastic sediment derived by submarine processes (fragmentation by gravity sliding, faulting, or volcanic activity, with transport by sediment gravity flow or submarine currents) is terrigineous, but it is clastic and is meant to be included in this category.
broader: Sediment
broader: clastic sedimentary material
definition: Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

diamicton
type: Concept
source: Fairbridge and Bourgeois 1978
comment: definition amplified to help distinguish diamicton, conglomerate and wackestone in this version
broader: clastic sediment
definition: Unsorted or poorly sorted, clastic sediment with a wide range of particle sizes, including a muddy matrix. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone based on polymodality and lack of structures related to transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or water. Assignment to an other size class can be used in conjunction to indicate the dominant grain size.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

residual material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Rock
broader: Material formed in surficial environment
definition: Material of composite origin resulting from weathering processes at the Earth's surface, with genesis dominated by removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching. Minor clastic, chemical, or organic input may also contribute. Consolidation state is not inherent in definition, but typically material is unconsolidated or weakly consolidated.
in scheme: rocksedimentvocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Anthropogenic metal material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic material
definition: Metal that has been produced or used by humans. Samples of naturally occurring metallic material (e.g. native copper, gold nuggets) should be considered mineral material. Metallic material is material that when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. Metals are typically malleable (they can be hammered into thin sheets) or ductile (can be drawn into wires). The boundaries between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids fluctuate slightly due to a lack of universally accepted definitions of the categories involved. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal, c.f. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001069)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Anthropogenic material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: Material produced by human activity.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
related match: ENVO_0010001
scope note: Material that would not be found in nature without human intervention. Thus clay would be a 'Mineral' material, but fired clay in a brick or ceramic would be an 'Anthropogenic material'. Native copper would be a Mineral, but smelted copper, extracted from ore that might include native copper (among other sulfide and oxide minerals) would be 'Anthropogenic metal material'.

Any Ice
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: a material that is in a solid state under the temperature and pressure conditions of the preserved sample, but is a liquid or gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP).
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard temperature and pressure (STP) is 20°C (68°F) and 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). This standard is also known as normal temperature and pressure (NTP).
preferred label: Any ice
scope note: Samples of non-aqueous ice should be classified as 'Any ice', based on decision that distinguishing 'ice that might or might not be aqueous' from 'non-aqueous ice' does not merit adding another class to the scheme.

Biogenic non-organic material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Biogenic material
definition: Material produced by an organism but not composed of very large molecules of biological origin. E.g. bone, tooth, shell, coral, skeleton
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
narrow match: CHEBI_64389
narrow match: ENVO_01001644
narrow match: UBERON_0002481
note: Include ash from burned biogenic material. Biogenic non-organic material is intended to cover biogenic products consisting of mineral or mineraloid substance, e.g. apatite (or other Ca phosphates), aragonite (or other Ca carbonate) typical of shells, bone, teeth.

Dispersed media
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: Material that contains discrete elements of some material dispersed in a continuous fluid medium. The dispersed component can be a gas, a liquid or a solid (based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersed_media). Does not include mixtures of granular material like soil, sediment, particulate, or solids that would be considered rock material.
example: aerosol obo:ENVO_00010505, foam obo:ENVO_00005738, emulsion obo:ENVO_00010506, colloidal suspension obo:ENVO_01001560, scum(?) obo:ENVO_00003930. (prefix obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
narrow match: ENVO_00010506
narrow match: ENVO_01001560
narrow match: Q181780

Natural Solid Material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: A naturally occurring solid material that is not anthropogenic, biogenic, or ice.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Fluid material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: Substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They are substances with zero or small shear modulus, and flow at a perceptible rate under any shear force applied to them. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Gaseous material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Fluid material
definition: Material composed of one or more chemical entities that has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000797). Infer that the sample is curated in some kind of container.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Liquid water
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Fluid material
definition: A material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form; infer that the sample is curated in some kind of container.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
definition: Top Concept in iSamples Material Category scheme
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
top concept of: iSamples Materials Vocabulary

iSamples Materials Vocabulary
type: NamedIndividual
type: Ontology
type: ConceptScheme
created: 2021-03-24
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5302
license: legalcode
modified: 2024-08-14
code repository: vocabulary
funding: Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Internet of Samples: Toward an Interdisciplinary Cyberinfrastructure for Material Samples
provider: vocabs.ardc.edu.au
imports: core
definition: High level vocabulary to specify the kind of material that constitutes a physical sample
history note: 2022-01-05 SMR version 0.9, change base uri to https://w3id.org/isample/vocabulary/material/0.9/ for testing with ESIP COR and w3id uri resolution
history note: 2022-03-11 SMR change definitions from rdfs:comment to skos:definition. Minor fixes to some definitions. Add skos matches to URIs from other vocabularies; 2023-11-05 version 1.0, in preparation for release.
history note: 2024-08-14 SMR, various updates since 2023-12: change seeAlso to closeMatch for Rock mapping to http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock; minor edits to align with manuscript about the metadata schema; update vocabularies to use 'material sample' instead of 'specimen'; update schema.org namespace to http://; add provider and codeRepository in conceptScheme metadata; minor typo fixes and definition edits.
history note: 2024-09-13 remove version numbers from URI
history note: 2026-04-22 SMR. remove topConcept from this ConceptScheme and put in the SESARextension concept scheme in the SESAR materials Extension so that the hierarchy displays properly.

Mineral
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Natural Solid Material
definition: Material consists of a single mineral or mineraloid phase. 'A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes.' (Nickel, Ernest H. (1995), The definition of a mineral, The Canadian Mineralogist. 33 (3): 689–90). Include mineraloids. ... A material primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000256). The identity of a mineral species is defined by a crystal structure and a chemical composition that might include various specific elemental substitutions in that structure. Mineraloid: A naturally occurring mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. Examples: obsidian, Opal. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineraloid)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Mixed soil sediment or rock
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Natural Solid Material
definition: Material is mixed aggregation of fragments of undifferentiated soil, sediment or rock origin. e.g. cuttings from some boreholes (rock fragments and caved soil or sediment).
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: This class is for samples that are solid Earth materials but known not to be mineral or particulate samples.

Non-aqueous liquid material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Fluid material
definition: Liquid composed dominantly of material other than water. Includes liquids that do not fit in any other category. E.g. alcohol, petroleum.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
narrow match: CDR0000446576
narrow match: ENVO_00002984
scope note: Fluids like blood, urine, mucus are problematic. Suggest categorizing as 'Non-aqueous liquid material' and 'Organic material'. Need example use cases.

Organic material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Biogenic material
definition: Material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more very large molecules of biological origin. Examples: body (animal or plant), body part, fecal matter, seeds, wood, tissue, biological fluids, biological waste, algal material, biofilm, necromass, plankton. source: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000155
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
scope note: Distinction from 'Biogenic non-organic material' is fuzzy. Biogenic non-organic material is intended to cover biogenic products consisting of mineral or mineraloid substance, e.g. apatite (or other Ca phosphates), aragonite (or other Ca carbonate) typical of shells, bone, teeth.

Other anthropogenic material
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic material
definition: Non-metallic material produced by human activity. Organic products of agricultural activity are both anthropogenic and organic. Include lab preparations like XRF pellet and rock powders. Examples: ceramics, (anthropogenic) glass, waste.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
related match: ENVO_0010001

Particulate
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Natural Solid Material
definition: Material consists of microscopic particulate material derived by precipitation, filtering, or settling from suspension in a fluid, e.g. filtrate from water, deposition from atmosphere, astro material particles. Might include mineral, organic, or biological material. ENVO definition (ENVO_01000060) has "composed of microscopic portions of solid or liquid material suspended in another environmental material." Refine here to define as the solid particles, distinct from a material in which they are suspended. A material that includes solid or liquid particles suspended in another material would be a dispersed_media in this scheme, not defined in ENVO. Human manufactured particulates (e.g. rock powder) should be categorized as 'Anthropogenic material' as well as 'Particulate'
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
narrow match: D052638
narrow match: NCIT C1709
related match: ENVO_01000060

Rock
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
source: Jackson, 1997; NADM C1 2004; Neuendorf et al 2005
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: Consolidated aggregate of particles (grains) of rock, mineral (including native elements), mineraloid, or solid organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as granite, shale, marble; natural glass such as obsidian; organic material formed by geologic processes such as coal; extraterrestrial material in meteorites. (based on http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/rock, same as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001995)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
top concept of: rocksedimentvocabulary

Rock or sediment
type: Concept
broader: Natural Solid Material
definition: Material is rock, sediment, or other non-consolidated igneous or composite gensis material.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Use for samples described as rock>sedimentary AND sediment, where it is unclear whether the sample is a consolidated 'rock' object, or loose disaggregated material in a bag.
note: Use for samples like dredge hauls and ROV scoops that mix rock and sediment from a water body bottom. Use for core from boreholes that likely penetrate sediment near the surface and rock at greater depth, with descriptions that do not clearly distinguish non-consolidated sediment from rock.
scope note: Distinct from 'Mixed soil, sediment or rock' that represents samples known to have components of all these materials.
top concept of: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Sediment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Natural nonconsolidated material
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Unconsolidated material consisting of an aggregation of particles transported or deposited by air, water or ice, or that accumulated by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface. Solid granular material transported by wind, water, or gravity, not modified by interaction with biosphere or atmosphere (to differentiate from soil). Particles derived by erosion of pre-existing rock, from shell or other body parts from organisms, precipitated chemically in the surficial environment, or generated by explosive volcanic activity. (http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/lithology/sediment). Sediment is not consolidated, i.e. Particulate constituents of a compound material do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid material in its own right. Similar to http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002007
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Note that this category includes chemical sediments that might preciptate to form a solid mass, e.g. preciptitates forming vents at submarine hot springs, or gypsum and halite deposites formed by evaporation in hypersaline lakes. (http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/consolidationdegree/consolidated).
note: Tephra is subclass of sediment because it is generally not lithified, in which case it would be considered Rock.
top concept of: rocksedimentvocabulary

Soil
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Natural Solid Material
broader: Material formed in surficial environment
broader: Natural nonconsolidated material
definition: Mixed granular mineral and organic matter modified by interaction between earth material, biosphere, and atmosphere, consisting of varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil) Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001998)
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Frozen water
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
alternative label: Water ice
broader: Any Ice
definition: Water that is in a solid state.
in scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

acidic igneous material
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous material
definition: Igneous material with more than 63 percent SiO2.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali olivine basalt
type: Concept
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt; Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43.
comment: The definition of tholeiite and alkali basalt here are more prescriptive than those found in most reference authorities. This is to actually provide some descriptive criteria to allow assignment of rocks on a hand sample basis to the tholeiite or alkali basalt categories if detailed petrographic or chemical data are available.
broader: basalt
definition: Alkali olivine basalt is silica-undersaturated, characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene, absence of quartz, presence of olivine, and typically contains some feldspathoid mineral, alkali feldspar or phlogopite in the groundmass. Feldspar phenocrysts typically are labradorite to andesine in composition. Augite is rich in titanium compared to augite in tholeiitic basalt. Alkali olivine basalt is relatively rich in sodium.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar rhyolite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: rhyolitoid
definition: Rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is less than 0.1. QAPF field 2.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar syenitic rock
definition: Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar syenitic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitoid
definition: Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6*, and 6'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar trachytic rock
definition: Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 6.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alkali feldspar trachytic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: trachytoid
definition: Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio less than 0.1. QAPF fields 6, 6', and 6*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

anorthosite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: anorthositic rock
definition: Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ash tuff lapillistone and lapilli tuff
type: Concept
source: Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: pyroclastic rock
definition: Pyroclastic rock in which less than 25 percent of rock by volume are more than 64 mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapillistone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

basanite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: tephritoid
definition: Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

basanitic foidite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foiditoid
definition: Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with greater than 10 percent normative olivine.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

basic igneous material
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous material
definition: Igneous material with between 45 and 52 percent SiO2.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

boninite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: andesite
broader: high magnesium fine grained igneous rock
definition: andesitic rock that contains more than 8 percent MgO. Typically consists of phenocrysts of protoenstatite, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine in a glassy base full of crystallites, and exhibits textures characterisitc of rapid crystal growth.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonatite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: exotic composition igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal carbonate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

diorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: dioritic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite; colour index M less than 90, sodic plagioclase (An0-An50), no feldspathoid, and between 0 and 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 10 as diorite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dioritic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: dioritoid
definition: Phaneritic crystalline rock with M less than 90, consisting of intermediate plagioclase, commonly with hornblende and often with biotite or augite. A dioritoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio (in the QAPF fraction) greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 10, 10' and 10*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

exotic alkaline rock
type: Concept
source: based on LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: exotic composition igneous rock
definition: Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Felsic volcanic material
type: Concept
source: https://www.mindat.org/glossary/felsic
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: light-colored material produced by volcanic processes, containing an abundance of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, or felspathoid (light-colored minerals).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing alkali feldspar syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar syenitic rock
definition: Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing alkali feldspar trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar trachytic rock
definition: Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing anorthosite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: anorthositic rock
definition: Anorthositic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing diorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: dioritic rock
definition: Dioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing gabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: gabbroic rock
definition: Gabbroic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid minerals and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing latite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: latitic rock
definition: Latitic rock that contains no quartz and between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing monzodiorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzodioritic rock
definition: Monzodioritic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing monzogabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzogabbroic rock
definition: Monzogabbroic rock that contains 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing monzonite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzonitic rock
definition: Monzonitic rock that contains 0-10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitic rock
definition: Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid mineral and no quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid bearing trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: trachytic rock
definition: Trachytic rock that contains between 0 and 10 percent feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction, and no quartz. QAPF field 7'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid diorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid dioritoid
definition: Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid gabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid gabbroid
definition: Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 14.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid monzodiorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid dioritoid
definition: Foid dioritoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is between 0.1 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid monzogabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid gabbroid
definition: Foid gabbroid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 13.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid monzosyenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid syenitoid
definition: Foid syenitoid rock that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of between 0.1 and 0.5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 12.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foid syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foid syenitoid
definition: Foid syenitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio of less than 0.1. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 11.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foidite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foiditoid
definition: Foiditoid that contains greater than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

fragmental igneous material
type: Concept
source: CGI concept definition task group
broader: Igneous material
definition: igneous_material of unspecified consolidation state in which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: Note that this category includes gabbro (sensu stricto) of LeMaitre et al. 2002, but is broader, including the other rock types defined by orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-olivine-hornblende mineral ratios.
broader: gabbroic rock
definition: Gabbroic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as gabbro.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

glassy igneous rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Note that this category is used for massive glassy rocks. Much of the pyroclastic material in a pyroclastic rock may be composed of glass, but the rock is named based on its fragmental nature.
broader: glass rich igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock that consists of greater than 80 percent massive glass.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

intermediate composition igneous material
type: Concept
source: after LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Igneous material
definition: Igneous material with between 52 and 63 percent SiO2.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

kalsilitic and melilitic rocks
type: Concept
source: based on LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: exotic composition igneous rock
definition: Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic (kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic or ultramafic rocks.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

komatiitic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: high magnesium fine grained igneous rock
broader: ultramafic igneous rock
broader: Ultramafic volcanic material
definition: Ultramafic, magnesium-rich volcanic rock, typically with spinifex texture of intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass. Includes komatiite and meimechite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

latite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: latitic rock
definition: Latitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

latitic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: trachytoid
definition: Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF fields 8, 8' and 8*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Lava
type: Concept
broader: Volcanic rock
definition: Volcanic Rock with features indicating origin by extrusive lava flow.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Matte
type: Concept
broader: Mineral Processing Product
definition: molten metal sulfide phases typically formed during smelting of copper, nickel, and other base metals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matte_(metallurgy) )
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

mica schist
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Include single subcategory of schist to indicate this common kind of schist. 'Mica rich metamorphic rock' for compound use with schist fabric term would be more compatible with treatment of blueschist (Glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock) and greenschist (Chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock), but based on the assumption that schist is the only rock type that will meet the mica-rich criteria, it seems reasonable to include as a subtype of schist.
broader: schist
definition: A schist that consists of more than 50 percent mica minerals, typically muscovite or biotite. Special type included to distinguish this common variety of schist.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzodiorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzodioritic rock
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 5 percent quartz. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzodioritic rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: dioritoid
definition: Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende and biotite, with or without pyroxene, and 0 to 10 percent feldspathoid or 0 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Plagioclase to total feldspar ratio in the QAPF fraction is between 0.65 and 0.9. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9, 9' and 9* as monzodiorite, foid-beaing monzodiorite, and quartz monzodiorite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzogabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002, This vocabulary
broader: monzogabbroic rock
definition: Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 0 an 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9 .
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzogranite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granite
definition: Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. QAPF field 3b.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzonite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzonitic rock
definition: Monzonitic rock that contains 0-5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

monzonitic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitoid
definition: Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.35 and 0.65. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 8, 8*, and 8'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phonolite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: phonolitoid
definition: Phonolitoid in which the plagioclase to total feldspar ratio is less than 0.1. Rock consists of alkali feldspar, feldspathoid minerals, and mafic minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phonolitic basanite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: tephritoid
definition: Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains more than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phonolitic foidite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foiditoid
definition: Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is less than 0.5
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phonolitic tephrite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: tephritoid
definition: Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.5 and 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Pyroclastic material
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: fragmental igneous material
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: Fragmental igneous material that consists of more than 75 percent of particles formed by disruption as a direct result of volcanic action.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz alkali feldspar syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar syenitic rock
definition: Alkali feldspar syenitic rock that contains 5 to 20 percent quartz and no feldspathoid in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz alkali feldspar trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: alkali feldspar trachytic rock
definition: Alkali feldspar trachytic rock that contains and between 5 and 20 percent quartz mineral in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 6*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz anorthosite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: anorthositic rock
definition: Anorthositic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz diorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: dioritic rock
definition: Dioritic rock that contains between 5 to 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz gabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: gabbroic rock
definition: Gabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 10*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz latite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: latitic rock
definition: Latitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 8*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz monzodiorite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzodioritic rock
definition: Monzodioritic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz monzogabbro
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzogabbroic rock
definition: Monzogabbroic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 9*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz monzonite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: monzonitic rock
definition: Monzonitic rock that contains 5-20 percent quartz iin the QAPF fraction. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 8*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitic rock
definition: Syenitic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartz trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: trachytic rock
definition: Trachytic rock that contains between 5 and 20 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction. QAPF field 7*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

rhyolite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: rhyolitoid
definition: rhyolitoid in which the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar is between 0.1 and 0.65.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

schist
type: Concept
source: SLTTm 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: foliated metamorphic rock
definition: Foliated phaneritic metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous schistosity, meaning that greater than 50 percent of the rock by volume is mineral grains with a thin tabular, lamellar, or acicular prismatic crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous planar or linear fabric.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Slag
type: Concept
broader: Mineral Processing Product
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

slate
type: Concept
source: NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: foliated metamorphic rock
definition: compact, fine grained rock with an average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter and a well developed schistosity (slaty cleavage), and hence can be split into slabs or thin plates.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

syenite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitic rock
definition: Syenitic rock that contains between 0 and 5 percent quartz and no feldspathoid mineral in the QAPF fraction. Defined modally in QAPF Field 7.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

syenitic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: syenitoid
definition: Syenitoid with a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. Includes rocks in QAPF fields 7, 7*, and 7'.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

syenogranite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: granite
definition: Granite that has a plagiolcase to total feldspar ratio between 0.10 and 0.35. QAPF field 3a.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tephrite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: tephritoid
definition: Tephritoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio greater than 0.9, and contains less than 10 percent normative (CIPW) olivine.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tephritic foidite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: foiditoid
definition: Foiditoid that contains less than 90 percent feldspathoid minerals in the QAPF fraction, and has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio that is greater than 0.5, with less than 10 percent normative olivine
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tephritic phonolite
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: phonolitoid
definition: Phonolitoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.5. Broadly corresponds to TAS tephriphonolite of TAS field U3.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tholeiitic basalt
type: Concept
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt; Carmichael, I.S. Turner, F.J., Verhoogen, John, 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw HIll Book Co., p.42-43.
comment: Definition of tholeiite and alkali basalt here are more proscriptive than those found in most reference authorities. This is to actually provide some descriptive criteria to allow assignment of rocks on a hand sample basis to the tholeiite or alkali basalt categories if detailed petrographic or chemical data are available.
broader: basalt
definition: Tholeiitic basalt is defined here to contain 2 pyroxene phases and interstitial quartz or tridymite or cristobalite in the groundmass. Pyroxene (augite and orthopyroxene or pigeonite) and calcium-rich plagioclase are common phenocryst minerals. Olivine may also be a phenocryst, and when present, may have rims of pigeonite. Only in tholeiitic basalt is olivine in reaction relationship with melt. Interstitial siliceous residue may be present, and is often glassy. Tholeiitic basalt is relatively poor in sodium. This category includes most basalts of the ocean floor, most large oceanic islands, and continental flood basalts such as the Columbia River Plateau.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

trachyte
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: trachytic rock
definition: Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35, between 0 and 5 percent quartz in the QAPF fraction, and no feldspathoid minerals. QAPF field 7.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

trachytic rock
type: Concept
source: LeMaitre et al. 2002
comment: LeMaitre et al. (2002) used 'trachyte' to refer to QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7* in the text (p. 30) as well as to the more restrictive category (QAPF field 7 only). The term Trachytic rock is introduced here to label this more general category of trachyte.
broader: trachytoid
definition: Trachytoid that has a plagioclase to total feldspar ratio between 0.1 and 0.35. QAPF fields 7, 7', and 7*.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

tuff breccia agglomerate or pyroclastic breccia
type: Concept
source: Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: pyroclastic rock
definition: Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and Styles (1999)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Volcanic Material
type: Concept
broader: Igneous material
definition: Material exhibiting features demonstrating an extrusive igneous origin. Consolidated or non-consolidated
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

advanced argillic altered rock
type: Concept
source: Antonio Arribas, Jeffrey Hedenquist, 2019, Environments of advanced argillic alteration: II) steam-heated, and exploration implications: Conference: Society of Resource Geology Annual SymposiumAt: University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)Volume: 69, accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334230797_Environments_of_advanced_argillic_alteration_II_steam-heated_and_exploration_implications#fullTextFileContent; Constantinos Mavrogonatos et al., 2018, Mineralogical Study of the Advanced Argillic Alteration Zone at the Konos Hill Mo–Cu–Re–Au Porphyry Prospect, NE Greece: Minerals, 8, 479; doi:10.3390/min8110479; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argillic_alteration
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Advanced argillic alteration occurs under lower pH and higher temperature conditions than argillic alteration. Kaolinite and dickite occur at lower temperatures whereas pyrophyllite and andalusite occur under high temperature conditions (T > 300°C). Quartz deposition is common. Alunite, topaz, zunyite, tourmaline, enargite and tennantite may also occur. In many cases, advanced argillic alteration zones, or “lithocaps”, develop at shallow levels above porphyry Cu–Au deposits (e.g., Lepanto-Far Southeast, Philippines; Maricunga, Chile). Advanced argillic alteration mineral assemblages precipitate from SO2- and HCl-rich magmatic vapor, which arises from an underlying intrusive source, and can also form in supergene environments, due to post-hydrothermal weathering and oxidation of pyrite, locally creating pH<1 liquid due to high concentrations of H2SO4 within the vadose zone, where kaolinite and alunite plus Fe hydroxides form.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

albitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Altered, type not specified
type: Concept
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Rock material has been changed by some subsurface alteration process, but the nature of the alteration is not specified.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

alunitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

amphibolite
type: Concept
source: Coutinho et al. 2007, IUGS SCMR chapter 8 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/)
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite), which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock, and both of which are present as major constituents. The amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30 percent or more; other common minerals include quartz, clinopyroxene, garnet, epidote-group minerals, biotite, titanite and scapolite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Animal tissue
type: Concept
broader: Organic material
definition: Organic material that is tissue from the body of an animal.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

anthracite
type: Concept
source: Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Types_of_coal; Eberhard Lindner; Chemie für Ingenieure; Lindner Verlag Karlsruhe, S. 258
alternative label: High rank coal
broader: coal
definition: Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Less than 12-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free), greater than 91 percent fixed carbon (dry, ash free basis). The highest rank coal; very hard, glossy, black, with semimetallic luster, semi conchoidal fracture.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
preferred label: anthrazit @de

Anthropogenic nonconsolidated material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Anthropogenic material
broader: Nonconsolidated material
definition: Non-consolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

arenite
type: Concept
source: Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p.
broader: sandstone
definition: Clastic sandstone that contains less than 10 percent matrix. Matrix is mud-size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products) of detrital or diagenetic nature.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
preferred label: arenit @de

argillic altered rock
type: Concept
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argillic_alteration
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Argillic alteration is hydrothermal alteration of wall rock which introduces clay minerals including kaolinite, smectite and illite. The process generally occurs at low temperatures and may occur in atmospheric conditions. Argillic alteration is representative of supergene environments where low temperature groundwater becomes acidic. Argillic assemblages include kaolinite replacing plagioclase and montmorillonite replacing amphibole and plagioclase. Orthoclase is generally stable and unaffected. Argillic grades into phyllic alteration at higher temperatures in an ore deposit hydrothermal system.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

argillite
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al, 2004, provisional SMR 2020-06-11
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: A weakly metamorphosed argillaceous rock (Flawn, 1953, AAPG Bull v37 p.563-664). Rock is very fine-grained to aphanitic, compact, indurated, and massive (lacks fissility or cleavage) (Neuendorf et al, 2004). Claystone and Siltstone are related, non-metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Like Aphanite but sedimentary protolith is determined. In contact metamorphic environments would be Hornfels.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ash and lapilli
type: Concept
source: Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Tephra
definition: Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are greater than 64 mm in longest dimension
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ash breccia bomb or block tephra
type: Concept
source: Schmid 1981; LeMaitre et al. 2002
broader: Tephra
definition: Tephra in which more than 25 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes ash breccia, bomb tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Bauxite
type: Concept
source: Eggleton 2001
broader: residual material
definition: Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite, diaspore) and aluminium-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. commonly has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Biogenic material
type: Concept
broader: Material
definition: Material formed by a living organism, organic or inorganic composition
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

biogenic silica sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: based on NADM SLTT sedimentary; Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: non clastic siliceous sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition. Includes radiolarian chert, diatomite, novaculite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

bituminous coal
type: Concept
source: Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp; see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Types_of_coal; Eberhard Lindner; Chemie für Ingenieure; Lindner Verlag Karlsruhe, S. 258
alternative label: medium rank coal
broader: coal
definition: Coal that has vitrinite mean random reflectance greater than 0.6% and less than 2.0% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5), or has a gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928). Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock; contains less than 91 percent fixed carbon on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis, and greater than 13-14 percent volatiles (dry, ash free). Formed from the compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

boulder gravel size sediment
type: Concept
source: Wentworth size scale
broader: gravel size sediment
definition: Sediment containing greater than 30 percent boulder-size particles (greater than 256 mm in diameter)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

boundstone
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic texture, whose original components were bound and encrusted together during deposition by the action of plants and animals during deposition, and remained substantially in the position of growth.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

calcareous carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: after Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: carbonate sediment
broader: calcareous carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

calcareous carbonate sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: after Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: Carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, limestone and dolomitic limestone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

calcareous carbonate sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: calcareous carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

calcsilicate altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

calc silicate metamorphic rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: metamorphic rock containing abundant calcium-silicate minerals
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Overlaps into metasomatic rocks because of high mobility of Ca carbonates. Typically rich in epidote, diopside, tremolite, calcic-amphibole, talc, with quartz and calcite. Might be gneiss or granofels; lower metamorphic grade than granulite.

carbonate altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate mud
type: Concept
source: follow pattern used for clastic sand and mud categories, based on SLTTs 2004
alternative label: marl
broader: carbonate sediment
broader: mud size sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment composed of less than 25 percent clasts that have a maximum diameter more than 2 mm, and the ratio of sand size to mud size clasts is less than one.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate mudstone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Not a subcategory of carbonate sedimentary rock because definition does not specify 'carbonate minerals of intrabasinal origin', but is agnostic on origin of carbonate. Schnurrenberger et al. 2003 point out that it is very difficult (at least in lacustrine rocks) to distinguish chemically precipitated or diagenetic carbonate from primary biogenic carbonate. This distinction between biogenic, detrital, and pedogenic or authigenic carbonate material is thus not a good one to use in a general purpose classification system. Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154.
alternative label: marlstone
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: generic mudstone
definition: Mudstone that consists of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals of any origin in the mud size fraction.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate ooze
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: carbonate mud
broader: ooze
definition: ooze that consists of more than 50 percent carbonate skeletal remains
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate rich mud
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: carbonate rich loess
alternative label: marl
broader: mud size sediment
definition: Mud size sediment that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in any size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate rich mudstone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Carbonate-rich mudstone' definition limits carbonate to mud-size fraction to avoid overlap with 'impure carbonate sedimentary rock'. If carbonate minerals are in sand or gravel size fractions, use 'impure carbonate sedimentary rock'. The operational test typically used to identify this category is if the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied. The '10 percent carbonate' criteria is a fuzzy boundary.
alternative label: marlstone
broader: generic mudstone
definition: Mudstone that contains between 10 and 50 percent carbonate minerals in the mud size fraction. Carbonate origin is not specified.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Carbonate sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
comment: Should carbonate sedimentary material be considered a kind of chemical sedimentary material? Is biogenic precipitation a chemical sedimentary process?
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

carbonate wackestone
type: Concept
source: Dunham 1962
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible mud supported depositional texture and containing greater than 10 percent allochems, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin. If particles are not intrabasinal, categorization as a mudstone or wackestone should be considered.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

chalk
type: Concept
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk; C.S. Harris, 2009, unpublished web page, http://www.geologyshop.co.uk/chalk.htm
broader: limestone
definition: A generally soft, white, very fine-grained, extremely pure, porous limestone. It forms under marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of skeletal elements from minute planktonic green algae (cocoliths), associated with varying proportions of larger microscopic fragments of bivalves, foraminifera and ostracods. It is common to find flint and chert nodules embedded in chalk.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

chloritic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

conglomerate
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005; SLTTs 2004
comment: Note this category is equivalent to category labeled 'Conglomeratic rock in SLTTs (2004), not to the category labeled 'Conglomerate' in that system.
alternative label: conglomeratic rock
broader: clastic sedimentary rock
broader: generic conglomerate
definition: Clastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than 2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments. If more than 15 percent of the fine grained matrix is of indeterminant clastic or diagenetic origin and the fabric is matrix supported, may also be categorized as wackestone. If rock has unsorted or poorly sorted texture with a wide range of particle sizes, may also be categorized as diamictite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

mudstone
type: Concept
source: Pettijohn et al. 1987 referenced in Hallsworth and Knox 1999.
comment: Distinction of intrabasinal, diagenetic, or clastic genesis for very fine-grained carbonate minerals is interpretive in many cases. If there is uncertainty on the mudstone category based on intrabasinal vs epiclastic distinction required for clastic sedimentary rock-carbonate sedimentary rock categorization in this system, it is recommended to use the generic_mudstone category. This category is the union of the various fields labeled 'mudstone' with various qualifiers in Folk, 1954, Figure 1a, although Folk's (1954) category labeled 'mudstone' is a much more restricted category. The CGI category is equivalent to category labeled 'Mudrock' in SLTTs (2004), not to the category labeled 'Mudstone' adopted by that system from Folk (1954). Schnurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kelts, K., 2003, Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components: Journal of Paleolimnology, v.29, p141-154.
alternative label: clastic mudstone
alternative label: mudrock
broader: clastic sedimentary rock
broader: generic mudstone
definition: Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand ratio greater than 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

sandstone
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale
comment: Note this category is equivalent to cagetory labeled 'sandy rock' in SLTTs (2004), not to the much more restricted category labeled 'Sandstone' in that system.
alternative label: clastic sandstone
alternative label: sandy rock
broader: clastic sedimentary rock
broader: Generic sandstone
definition: Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 30 percent of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

clastic sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

clay
type: Concept
source: based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale
broader: mud
definition: Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent particles with grain size less than 0.004 mm
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

claystone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: mudstone
definition: Mudstone that contains no detectable silt, inferred to consist virtually entirely of clay-size particles.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

cobble gravel size sediment
type: Concept
source: Wentworth size scale
broader: gravel size sediment
definition: Sediment containing greater than 30 percent cobble-size particles (64-256 mm in diameter)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Composite genesis material
type: Concept
source: SLTTm 2004
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by geological modification of pre-existing materials outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Composite genesis rock
type: Concept
source: SLTTm 2004
broader: Rock
broader: Composite genesis material
definition: Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing rocks outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism, standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this context).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Concrete
type: Concept
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete
broader: Anthropogenic material
definition: Material composed of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

crystalline carbonate
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which diagenetic processes have obliterated any original depositional texture.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

deuteric altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: Carbonate sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dolomitic sediment
type: Concept
source: after SLTTs 2004, Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: carbonate sediment
broader: dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary material
definition: Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

dolomite
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: dolostone
alternative label: pure dolomitic or magnesian carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary rock
broader: pure carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Duricrust
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Composite genesis rock
broader: Material formed in surficial environment
definition: Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earth's surface at the time of formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of pedogenic origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

eclogite
type: Concept
source: IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/)
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

epidote altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Evaporite
type: Concept
source: Jackson 1997; SLTTs 2004
broader: chemical sedimentary material
definition: Nonclastic sedimentary rock composed of at least 50 percent non-carbonate salts, including chloride, sulfate or borate minerals; formed through precipitation of mineral salts from a saline solution (non-carbonate salt rock).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

exotic evaporite
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Category represents evaporite material that is not mostly gypsum/anhydrite or halite. These are generally not very common, thus the 'exotic' name
broader: Evaporite
definition: Evaporite that is not 50 percent halite or 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Felsic plutonic rock
type: Concept
broader: plutonic rock
definition: light-colored plutonic rock containing an abundance of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, or felspathoid
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

foliated metamorphic rock
type: Concept
source: based on NADM SLTT metamorphic
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Cataclastic or glassy character precludes classification with this concept.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

framestone
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999; SLTTs 2004, Table 15-3-1
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled with fine sediment; usually created through the activities of colonial organisms.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

blueschist
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Fabric is weakly developed in this rock in many cases, so the fabric categories 'foliated metamorphic rock, 'schist' or 'granofels' may apply.
alternative label: glaucophane lawsonite epidote metamorphic rock
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: A metamorphic rock of roughly basaltic composition, defined by the presence of glaucophane with lawsonite or epidote. Other minerals that may be present include jadeite, albite, chlorite, garnet, and muscovite (phengitic white mica). Typically fine-grained, dark colored. Category for rocks commonly referred to as blueschist.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gneiss
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: foliated metamorphic rock
definition: Foliated metamorphic rock with bands or lenticles rich in granular minerals alternating with bands or lenticles rich in minerals with a flaky or elongate prismatic habit. Mylonitic foliation or well developed, continuous schistosity (greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of grains participate in a planar or linear fabric) precludes classification with this concept.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

grainstone
type: Concept
source: Dunham 1962
alternative label: carbonate grainstone
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional fabric that is grain-supported, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; contains little or no mud matrix. Distinction from sandstone is based on interpretation of intrabasinal origin of clasts and grain-supported fabric, but grainstone definition does not include a grain size criteria.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

granofels
type: Concept
source: SLTTm 2004
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or linear fabric). Grainsize not specified.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

granulite
type: Concept
source: Fettes and Desmons (2007). See also Wimmenauer (1985), Winkler (1979) (D.R. Bowes (1989), The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology; Van Nostrand Reinhold ISBN: 0-442-20623-2 ; wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulite accessed 5/30/09
comment: Wimmenauer (1985) requires granulite to consist of at least 20 percent feldspar. Garnet is frequently present; some hornblende or biotite may be present. The rock has a granoblastic texture and gneissose to massive structure; grain size and fabric may be variable on a decimetric scale. Foliation is less well developed than in rock that would typically be called gneiss. The minerals present in a granulite vary depending on the protolith and the temperature and pressure conditions experienced during metamorphism. According to Fettes and Desmons (2007) the main calc-silicate minerals are calcic garnet, calcic plagioclase, calcic scapolite, diopside-hedenbergite, epidote group minerals, hydrogrossular, johannsenite, prehnite, pumpellyite, titanite, vesuvianite, wollastonite. Note that the shale and siltstone categories may apply to any of the mineralogically defined mudstone categories.
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock of high metamorphic grade in which Fe-Mg silicate minerals are dominantly hydroxl-free; feldspar must be present, and muscovite is absent; rock contains less than 90 percent mafic minerals, less than 75 percent calcite and/or dolomite, less than 75 percent quartz, less than 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), and less than 50 percent calc-silicate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gravel
type: Concept
source: definition of gravel from SLTTs 2004; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: gravel size sediment
broader: clastic sediment
definition: Clastic sediment containing greater than 30 percent gravel-size particles (greater than 2.0 mm diameter). Gravel in which more than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

greenstone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Rock classified as Greenschist is difficult to categorize. This stems in part from the variation in usage and the general fuzzy definition of the term. The definition of greenschist is generally something along the lines of 'metamorphosed rock with a greenish colour, characterized by the presence of actinolite, chlorite and epidote, and containing a planar or linear fabric. The presence or absence of schistose fabric in rocks called 'greenschist' is problematic. The fabric present in many rocks called greenschist is too weak or variably developed to meet the definition of 'schist'. Generally if the rock has achieved metamorphic grade such that the term 'gneiss' is applicable, it would not be called greenschist. Thus, 'greenschist' would correspond most closely to a chlorite + actinolite rich 'Foliated metamorphic rock', but if it actually meets the definition of 'Schist' it would be a chlorite + actinolite 'Schist'.
alternative label: chlorite actinolite epidote metamorphic rock
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock characterized by 50 percent or more of combined chlorite, actinolite and epidote. Category for rocks generally named greenschist or greenstone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Greisen
type: Concept
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greisen
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Greisen is a class of endoskarn, formed by self-generated alteration of a granite. Greisens appear as partly coarse, crystalline granite, partly vuggy with miarolitic cavities, disseminated halide minerals such as fluorite, and occasionally metallic oxide and sulfide ore minerals, borate minerals (tourmaline) and accessory phases such as sphene, beryl or topaz.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

hematitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
source: Williams, P.J., 1994, Aust. J. Earth Science, v41, p381-382
alternative label: red rock altered rock
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Alteration characterized by finely dispersed hematite
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

hornfels
type: Concept
source: IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/)
broader: granofels
definition: Granofels formed by contact metamorphism, composed of a mosaic of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically fine grained.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Hydrothermal Massive Sulphide
type: Concept
source: provisional by SMR 2020-06-07
alternative label: Hydrothermal Massive Sulfide
broader: Massive sulphide
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Rock consisting of greater that 50% sulphide or sulfosalt minerals formed by hydrothermal mineralization processes.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Igneous material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes, eg. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure calcareous carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: calcareous marl
broader: calcareous carbonate sediment
broader: impure carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: marl
broader: carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure carbonate sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: marlstone
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock in which between 50 and 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of carbonate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure dolomitic sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: dolomitic marl
broader: dolomitic sediment
broader: impure carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which between 50 and 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and the ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure dolomite
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: dolomitic marlstone
alternative label: impure dolomitic or magnesian carbonate sedimentary rock
alternative label: impure dolostone
broader: dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary rock
broader: impure carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

impure limestone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: calcareous marlstone
broader: calcareous carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: impure carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Impure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Intermediate color plutonic rock
type: Concept
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Plutonic rock that has sub-equal proportion of light and dark colored mineral. Not recommended for usage with new sample registrations. (see acid, basic, intermediate composition categories)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Intermediate color volcanic material
type: Concept
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: Material produced by volcanic processes, that has sub-equal proportion of light and dark colored mineral. Not recommended for usage with new sample registrations. (see acid, basic, intermediate composition categories)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Note that the term intermediate is normally used to denote igneous rocks with a range of silica content, but usage here is included for consistency with legacy SESAR felsic-intermediate-mafic-ultramafic subdivision of igneous rocks. Not recommended for usage with new sample registrations.

Iron rich sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: chemical sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state that consists of at least 50 percent iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis. Corresponds to a rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

kaolinitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

lignite
type: Concept
source: Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.
alternative label: low rank coal
broader: coal
definition: Coal that has a gross calorific value less than 24 MJ/kg (determined in conformance with ISO 1928), and vitrinite mean random reflectance less than 0.6% (determined in conformance with ISO 7404-5). Gross calorific value is recalculated to a moist, ash free basis using bed moisture (determined according to ISO 1015 or ISO 5068). Includes all low-rank coals, including sub-bitiminous coal. A consolidated, dull, soft brown to black coal having many readily discernible plant fragments set in a finer grained organic matrix. Tends to crack and fall apart on drying. Operationally sub-bituminous and bitiminous coal are qualitatively distinguished based on brown streak for sub-bitiminous coal and black streak for bituminous coal.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

limestone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: calcareous carbonate sedimentary rock
broader: pure carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Pure carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Mafic plutonic rock
type: Concept
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Dark-colored plutonic rock containing an abundance of ferromagnesian rock-forming silicates, especially Pyroxene Group, Amphibole Supergroup, olivine and biotite
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Mafic volcanic material
type: Concept
source: https://www.mindat.org/glossary/mafic
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: Dark-colored material produced by volcanic processes, containing an abundance of ferromagnesian rock-forming silicates, especially Pyroxene Group, Amphibole Supergroup, olivine and biotite
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Manganese rich sedimentary material
type: Concept
broader: chemical sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state that consists of at least 50 percent manganese-bearing minerals, as determined by hand-lens or petrographic analysis.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: Manganese-rich nodules and crusts found on the sea floor

Manufactured chemical substance
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic material
definition: material is an artifically produced sustance consisting of a single chemical entity
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

marble
type: Concept
source: IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/), SLTTm1.0 2004
alternative label: meta-carbonate rock
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized calcite and/or dolomite; usually with a granoblastic, saccharoidal texture.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Material formed in surficial environment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Composite genesis material
definition: Material that is the product of weathering processes operating on pre-existing rocks or deposits, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks, but formed at ambient Earth surface temperature and pressure.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

SESAR - Materials vocabulary
type: Ontology
type: ConceptScheme
created: 2024-08-19
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5302
license: legalcode
modified: 2024-12-11
source: <http://resource.geosciml.org/classifierScheme/cgi/2016.01/simplelithology>
source: <https://w3id.org/gso/rockmaterial/ontology>
code repository: SESAR material extension.ttl
funding: Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Internet of Samples: Toward an Interdisciplinary Cyberinfrastructure for Material Samples
imports: rdf-schema
imports: core
definition: Material categories for SESAR materialType classification. Extends the iSamples Earth and Environment rock and sediment extension, which extends the base iSamples Material Type vocabulary.
has top concept: Material
history note: 2024-08-19 SMR generate vocabulary by merging with GSO Rock_Material vocabulary.
history note: 2024-12-11 SMR add iSamples Material vocab into file, reorganize hierarchy for consistency; add biogenic material, felsic, intermediate, mafic in igneous rock classes. For compatibility with SESAR legacy classifications.
ins scheme: iSamples Materials Vocabulary

metamorphosed ultramafic rock
type: Concept
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock with a protolith that is a ultramafic rock.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

metaplutonic rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Rock formed by metamorphism of a plutonic igneous protolith.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

metasedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Rock formed by metamorphism of a sedimentary protolith.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

metavolcanic rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Rock formed by metamorphism of an extrusive igneous protolith.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

migmatite
type: Concept
source: Fette and Desmons (2007) (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/)
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Silicate metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on a decimeter to meter scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts; the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous-looking appearance.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Mineral Processing Product
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic material
definition: Includes tailings, slag, matte, concentrate etc, materials resulting from mineral processing for resource extraction
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
preferred label: Mineral processing product

mud
type: Concept
source: definition of mud from SLTTs 2004 muddy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: mud size sediment
broader: clastic sediment
definition: Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud-size to sand-size particle ratio greater than 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Natural nonconsolidated material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Nonconsolidated material
definition: Nonconsolidated material known to have natural, ie. not human-made, origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

non clastic siliceous sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within the basin of deposition.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Nonconsolidated material
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Material
definition: compoundMaterial composed of an aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a solid in its own right.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
top concept of: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

ooze
type: Concept
source: based on Bates and Jackson 1987 and Hallsworth and Knox 1999
comment: Neuendorf et al. 2005 put cutoff at 30 percent skeletal remains; this is raised to 50 percent in This vocabulary for consistency with definition of other Biogenic sediment category
alternative label: biogenic mud
broader: biogenic sediment
broader: mud size sediment
definition: Biogenic sediment consisting of less than 1 percent gravel-size (greater than or equal to 2 mm) particles, with a sand to mud ratio less than 1 to 9, and less than 50 percent carbonate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Ore
type: Concept
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: A natural Earth material containing a potentially economic quantity of extractable metals or other commodities.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

organic bearing mudstone
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale
alternative label: oil shale
broader: generic mudstone
definition: Mudstone that contains a significant amount of organic carbon, typically kerogen. commonly finely laminated, brown or black in color.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

organic rich sediment
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
comment: The broader relation from organic rich sediment to biogenic sediment is based on the inference that organic rich material is always biogenic in origin. Biogenic is a broader category because not all biogenic materials are organic rich, for example shells or phosphatic bone.
broader: biogenic sediment
broader: organic rich sedimentary material
definition: Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

organic rich sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material in which 50 percent or more of the primary sedimentary material is organic carbon.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

orthogneiss
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: gneiss
definition: A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a phaneritic igneous rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant feldspar, with quartz, and variable hornblende, biotite, and muscovite, with a relatively homogeneous character.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Other biogenic organic material
type: Concept
broader: Organic material
definition: Biogenic organic material that is not animal tissue or from a plant.

packstone
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999
comment: Note that this category overlaps with 'carbonate mudstone'.
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain supported depositional texture, containing greater than 10 percent grains, and constituent particles are of intrabasinal origin; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

paragneiss
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: gneiss
definition: A gneiss with mineralogy and texture indicating derivation from a sedimentary rock protolith. Typically consists of abundant quartz, mica, or calcsilicate minerals; aluminosilicate minerals or garnet commonly present. composition of rock tends to be more variable on a decimetric scale that in orthogneiss.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

peat
type: Concept
source: Hallsworth and Knox 1999
broader: organic rich sediment
definition: Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at least 50 percent semi-carbonised plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily cut and has a very high moisture content, generally greater than 90 percent. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is less than one (Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pebble gravel size sediment
type: Concept
source: Wentworth size scale
broader: gravel size sediment
definition: Sediment containing greater than 30 percent pebble-size particles (2.0 -64 mm in diameter)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phosphate rich sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Sedimentary material
definition: Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phyllic altered rock
type: Concept
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllic_alteration
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Altered rock characterised by the assemblage of quartz + sericite + pyrite, and occurs at high temperatures and moderately acidic (low pH) conditions. Typically associated with copper porphyry ore deposits in calc-alkaline rocks.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phyllite
type: Concept
source: IUGS SCMR 2007 (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR/)
broader: foliated metamorphic rock
definition: Rock with a well developed, continuous schistosity, an average grain size between 0.1 and 0.5 millimeters, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are barely visible with the unaided eye.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

phyllonite
type: Concept
source: NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0; Marshak and Mitra 1988
broader: mylonitic rock
definition: Mylonitic rock composed largely of fine-grained mica that imparts a sheen to foliation surfaces; may have flaser lamination, isoclinal folding, and deformed veins, which indicate significant shearing. Macroscopically resembles phyllite, but formed by mechanical degradation of initially coarser rock.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Plant material
type: Concept
broader: Organic material
definition: Organic material produced by a plant
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

potassic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

propylitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pure calcareous carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
alternative label: lime sediment
broader: calcareous carbonate sediment
broader: pure carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pure carbonate mudstone
type: Concept
source: Dunham 1962
broader: generic mudstone
broader: pure carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Mudstone that consists of greater than 90 percent carbonate minerals of intrabasinal orign in the mud fraction, and contains less than 10 percent allochems. The original depositional texture is preserved and fabric is matrix supported. Carbonate mudstone of Dunham (1962)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pure carbonate sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pure carbonate sedimentary rock
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: carbonate sedimentary rock
definition: Sedimentary rock in which greater than 90 percent of the primary and/or recrystallized constituents are carbonate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pure dolomitic sediment
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: dolomitic sediment
broader: pure carbonate sediment
definition: Carbonate sediment in which greater than 90 percent of the constituents are composed of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals in particles of intrabasinal origin, and a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

pyritic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

quartzite
type: Concept
source: after Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: Metamorphic rock
definition: Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to 75 percent quartz; typically granoblastic texture.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

gypsum or anhydrite
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Evaporite
definition: Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent gypsum or anhydrite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

rock salt
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: Evaporite
definition: Evaporite composed of at least 50 percent halite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Rodingite
type: Concept
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Rodingite is a metasomatic rock composed of grossular-andradite garnet, calcic pyroxene, vesuvianite, epidote and scapolite. Rodingites are common where mafic rocks are in proximity to serpentinized ultramafic rocks. The mafic rocks are altered by high pH, Ca2+ and OH− fluids, which are a byproduct of the serpentinization process, and become rodingites. The mineral content of rodingites is highly variable, their high calcium, low silicon and environment of formation being their defining characteristic. Rodingites are common in ophiolites, serpentinite mélanges, ocean floor peridotites and eclogite massifs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodingite
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

sand
type: Concept
source: definition of sand from SLTTs 2004 sandy sediment; particle sizes defined from Krumbein phi scale (W C Krumbein and L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition, Freeman, San Francisco, 1963; Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography: New York, Appleton Century Co., Inc.)
broader: sand size sediment
broader: clastic sediment
definition: Clastic sediment in which less than 30 percent of particles are gravel (greater than 2 mm in diameter) and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. More than half of the particles are of epiclastic origin.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

sapropel
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: organic rich sediment
definition: Jelly like organic rich sediment composed of plant remains, usually algal. Liptinite to Inertinite ratio is greater than one (Economic commission for Europe, committee on Sustainable Energy- United Nations (ECE-UN), 1998, International Classification of in-Seam Coals: Energy 19, 41 pp.)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

saussuritised rock
type: Concept
source: https://www.britannica.com/science/saussuritization
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Rock in which calcium-bearing plagioclase feldspar is altered to an assemblage of minerals called saussurite, typically including zoisite, chlorite, amphibole, and carbonate minerals. Residual fluids present during the late stages of magmatic crystallization can react with previously formed plagioclase feldspar to form saussurite; the saussurite will be spread through the plagioclase or located near its outer margin. The plagioclase may be reconstituted into a more sodium-rich variety (albite), although the original form of the crystal is retained. Later hydrothermal alteration can produce the same result. Mafic rocks are especially susceptible to saussuritization owing to their high calcium content; the more calcium-rich portions of plagioclase in acidic rocks also are often saussuritized.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Sedimentary Massive Sulphide
type: Concept
source: smr provisional 2020-06-07
alternative label: Sedimentary Massive Sulfide
broader: chemical sedimentary material
broader: Massive sulphide
definition: rock consisting of greater than 50% sulphide or sulfosalt minerals formed by sedimentary exhalative processes.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary
note: include sulfide formed at active seafloor vents, chimneys.

Sedimentary material
type: Concept
source: SLTTs 2004
broader: Rock or sediment
definition: Material formed by accumulation of solid fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or material that accumulated by other natural agents such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms. Includes both sediment and sedimentary rock. Includes epiclastic deposits. All stated composition criteria are based on the mineral/ compound material (GeoSciML term)/particulate fraction of the material, irrespective of porosity or the pore-fluid. No distinctions are made based on porosity or pore fluid composition (except organic rich sediment in which liquid hydrocarbon content may be considered).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

sericitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sericitic_alteration
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: Rock in which plagioclase feldspar has been converted to sericite, an informal term for fine-grained white phyllosilicate minerals. Commonly associated with phyllic altered rocks, used to describe less intense alteration.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

serpentinised rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

serpentinite
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: metamorphosed ultramafic rock
definition: Rock consisting of more than 75 percent serpentine-group minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite; accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present; derived from hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

shale
type: Concept
source: NADM SLTT sedimentary, 2004
comment: Note definition does not specify carbonate vs. siliclastic nature of mud.
broader: mudstone
definition: Laminated mudstone that will part or break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

silicate mud
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: mud size sediment
definition: Mud size sediment that consists of less than 50 percent carbonate minerals and less than 50 percent clastic particles.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

silicate mudstone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Operational distinction of this category will typically be based on whether or not the rock fizzes when hydrochloric acid is applied--the rock is silicate mudstone if it does not fizz. The quantitative '10 percent' criteria is fuzzy.
broader: generic mudstone
definition: Mudstone that contains less than 10 percent carbonate minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

siliceous ooze
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
broader: ooze
broader: silicate mud
definition: Ooze that consists of more than 50 percent siliceous skeletal remains
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

silicificed rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

silt
type: Concept
source: based on SLTTs 2004; Neuendorf et al. 2005; particle size from Wentworth grade scale
alternative label: loess
broader: mud
definition: Mud that consists of greater than 50 percent silt-size grains.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

siltstone
type: Concept
source: This vocabulary
comment: Use of 'detectable silt' in the criteria for this category is based on the observation that in practice, distinction of claystone from 'siltstone' is typically based on a qualitative assessment of 'grittiness' (e.g. rubbing with fingers, or chewing); the property that these tests can determine is the presence or absence of silty particles in the material. Quantitative grain size analysis in the the clay/silt fraction of a lithified sediment is difficult at best, and of questionable significance because diagensis has altered the size and mineralogy of original sedimentary particles.
alternative label: Silt bearing mudstone
broader: mudstone
definition: Mudstone that contains detectable silt. (see comments)
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

skarn
type: Concept
source: Fettes and Desmons, 2007, p195
alternative label: exoskarn
alternative label: tactite
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Metasomatic rock consisting mainly of Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, or Mn-silicate minerals, which are free from or poor in water. Typically formed at the contact between a silicate rock or magma and a carbonate rock.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

spilite
type: Concept
source: Fettes and Desmon, 2007; Best, M.G., 1982, Igneous and metamorphic petrology: New York, W.H. Freeman and company, p. 398; Neuendorf et al. 2005, p. 619.
broader: metasomatic rock
definition: Altered basic to intermediate composition fine-grained igneous rock in which the feldspar is partially or completely composed of of albite, typically accompanied by chlorite, calcite, quartz, epidote, prehnite, and low-tempaerature hydrous crystallization products. Preservation of eruptive volcanic features is typical.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Travertine
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al. 2005; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine; Chafetz, H.S., and Folk, R.L., 1984, Travertine: Depositional morphology an dthe bacterially constructed constituents: J. Sed. Petrology, v. 126, p.57-74.
broader: chemical sedimentary material
broader: limestone
definition: Biotically or abiotically precipitated calcium carbonate, from spring-fed, heated, or ambient-temperature water. May be white and spongy, various shades of orange, tan or gray, and ranges to dense, banded or laminated rock. Macrophytes, bryophytes, algae, cyanobacteria and other organisms often colonize the surface of travertine and may be preserved, to produce the porous varieties.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Ultramafic plutonic rock
type: Concept
broader: plutonic rock
definition: Plutonic rock that consists of greater than 90 percent ferromagnesian rock-forming silicates, especially Pyroxene Group, Amphibole Supergroup, olivine and biotite.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

Ultramafic volcanic material
type: Concept
broader: Volcanic Material
definition: material produced by volcanic processes that consists of greater than 90 percent mafic minerals.
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

uralitised rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

wacke
type: Concept
source: Pettijohn, Potter, Siever, 1972, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer Verlag, 681 p.
comment: Distinction from mudstone is based on inference that less that 50 percent of the mud size fraction (matrix) is original mud size detrital particles. May also grade into diamictite or conglomerate based on size distribution of discernible particles. If more than 50 percent of rock is detrital particles of intrabasinal orgin and carbonate composition, categorize as carbonate wackestone. Term is typically applied to diagenetically altered volcanic-lithic clastic rocks in which the definition of the original clasts has been obscured. Suggested boundaries between wacke and arenite range from 5 to 15 percent matrix. See Dickinson (1970) for discussion of interpretation of undiscernible matrix in diagenetically altered lithic clastic rocks. Dickinson, W.R., 1970, Interpreting detrital modes of graywacke and arkose: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 40, p. 695-707.
broader: sandstone
definition: Clastic sandstone with more than 10 percent matrix of indeterminate detrital or diagenetic nature. Matrix is mud size silicate minerals (clay, feldspar, quartz, rock fragments, and alteration products).
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary

zeolitic altered rock
type: Concept
source: CGI alterationtype SKOS vocabulary 2012-11-24
broader: Altered, type not specified
definition: definition missing
in scheme: SESAR - Materials vocabulary