Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Internet of Samples: Toward an Interdisciplinary Cyberinfrastructure for Material Samples
type: Grant
funder: 04nh1dc89

Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information
type: Organization

CGI Geoscience Terminology Working Group
type: Organization
affiliation: Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information

Dr. Stephen M. Richard
type: NamedIndividual
comment: e-mail: mailto:smrTucson@gmail.com
comment: orchid-id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6041-5302

Active human occupation site
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic environment
definition: sampled feature is a site at which there are ongoing human activities
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Experiment setting
narrower: Laboratory or curatorial environment
narrower: Agricultural site
narrower: Canal
narrower: Mining site
narrower: Urban setting
notation: 006

Anthropogenic environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Any sampled feature
definition: Sampled feature is produced by or related to human activity past or present.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Active human occupation site
narrower: Site of past human activities
narrower: Harbor
narrower: Quarry
notation: 002

Any sampled feature
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
definition: Any thing that can be sampled. Top concept in sampled feature type vocabulary.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Anthropogenic environment
narrower: Biological entity
narrower: Earth environment
narrower: Extraterrestrial environment
notation: 001
top concept of: sampledfeaturevocabulary
top concept of: SESAR sampled feature extension

Atmosphere
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Earth environment
definition: Sampled feature is the Earth's atmosphere
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 007

Biological entity
type: Concept
broader: Any sampled feature
definition: Sampled feature is an organism. Use for samples that represent some species of organism as the proximate sampled feature, not the environment that the organism inhabits.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 003
note: domain specific vocabulary extensions will be useful to distinguish samples from different phyla/order/class...

Earth environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Any sampled feature
definition: Sampled feature is the natural Earth environment
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Atmosphere
narrower: Earth interior
narrower: Earth surface
narrower: Glacier environment
narrower: Subsurface fluid reservoir
narrower: Water body
narrower: Continent
narrower: Continental Margin
narrower: Geologic structure
narrower: Igneous system
narrower: Sedimentary basin
narrower: Tectonically defined setting
notation: 004

Earth interior
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Earth environment
definition: Geologic environments within the solid Earth.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Contact metamorphic zone
narrower: Crustal setting
narrower: Geologic unit
narrower: High-pressure low-temperature earth interior
narrower: Hypabyssal setting
narrower: Intrusive igneous complex
narrower: Low pressure high temperature setting
narrower: Mantle
narrower: Mineralized system
narrower: Regional metamorphic setting
narrower: Ultra high pressure crustal setting
notation: 008
note: Sampled feature is solid material from within the Earth. Fluids in pore space in earth interior sample 'Subsurface fluid reservoir'

Earth surface
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Earth environment
definition: Sampled feature is the interface between solid earth and hydrosphere or atmosphere. Includes samples representing things collected on the surface, in the uppermost part of the material below the surface, or air or water directly at the contact with the Earth surface. Hierarchy presented here is based on assumption that a particular setting may be specified by a combination of a climatic setting with one or more process or geomorphic- or physiographic- defined settings.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrow match: RBO_00000017
narrower: Glacier environment
narrower: Lake river, or stream bottom
narrower: Marine water body bottom
narrower: Subaerial surface environment
narrower: Anoxic environment
narrower: Arid or semi arid environment
narrower: Cave
narrower: Hillslope
narrower: Humid temperate climatic setting
narrower: Humid tropical climatic setting
narrower: Impact structure
narrower: Island
narrower: Mineralized system
narrower: Outcrop
narrower: Physiographic feature
narrower: Polar climatic setting
narrower: Shoreline
narrower: Subaqueous setting
narrower: Terrestrial setting
narrower: Volcano
narrower: Wetland
notation: 009

Experiment setting
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Active human occupation site
definition: Sampled feature is an experimental set up that produced the sample; the sample is the product of the experiment.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 010

Extraterrestrial environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al 2005,
alternative label: Extraterrestrial setting
broader: Any sampled feature
definition: Sampled feature is the environment outside of solid earth, hydrosphere, or atmosphere.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 005

Glacier environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
alternative label: glacier related setting
broader: Earth environment
broader: Polar climatic setting
definition: Earth surface setting with geography defined by spatial relationship to glaciers (e.g. on top of a glacier, next to a glacier, in front of a glacier...). Processes related to moving ice dominate sediment transport and deposition and landform development. Includes subaqueous, shoreline, and terrestrial settings that are impacted by the presence of glaciers. Considered a geographically defined setting in that a glacier is a geographic feature. Includes glacier, ice sheet, ice shelf, iceberg, or rock or water directly under or on top of such ice.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrow match: ENVO_00000133
narrower: Cirque
narrower: Englacial setting
narrower: Glacial outwash plain
narrower: Glacier lateral setting
narrower: Proglacial setting
narrower: Subglacial setting
narrower: Supraglacial setting
notation: 011

Laboratory or curatorial environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Active human occupation site
definition: Sampled feature is a laboratory or other research site, collected with intention of characterizing the environment in which data are collected or other research conducted, that might affect results or safety; e.g. lab blank measurements.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 191

Lake river, or stream bottom
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Subaqueous setting
definition: Sampled feature is the interface between the solid Earth interface and a lake or flowing water body.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrow match: ENVO_00000384
notation: 158
preferred label: Lake river or stream bottom

Marine water body
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
alternative label: Marine environment
broader: Water body
definition: Sampled feature is the marine hydrosphere.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: FJord
notation: 252

Marine water body bottom
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
alternative label: Sea floor
broader: Marine setting
definition: Sampled feature is the interface between the solid Earth and a marine or brackish water body. Includes benthic boundary layer: the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrow match: ENVO_00000482
narrower: Basin plain
narrower: Biological reef
narrower: Carbonate mound
narrower: Marine carbonate platform
narrower: Ocean highland
narrower: Slope rise setting
narrower: Submarine canyon
narrower: Submarine channel
narrower: Submarine escarpment
narrower: Submarine fan
notation: 093

Site of past human activities
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Anthropogenic environment
definition: sampled feature is a place where humans have been and left evidence of their activity. Includes prehistoric and paleo hominid sites
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 194

Subaerial surface environment
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
alternative label: subaerial setting
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting at the interface between the solid earth and the atmosphere, includes some shallow subaqueous settings in river channels and playas. Characterized by conditions and processes, such as erosion, that exist or operate in the open air on or immediately adjacent to the land surface
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Coastal plain
narrower: Continental divide
narrower: Eolian process setting
narrower: Forest
narrower: Gibber plain
narrower: Intermittent stream channel
narrower: Karst
narrower: Piedmont slope
narrower: Playa
narrower: Prairie
narrower: River system
narrower: Soil profile
narrower: Strandplain
narrower: Subaerial canyon
narrower: Subaerial escarpment
narrower: Supratidal setting
narrower: Terrace
narrower: Tidal flat
notation: 228
note: Environment at the surface, immediately above to the top of trees, or immediately below surface (zone of bioturbation). Include soil and recently deposited subaerial sediment at the surface.

Subsurface fluid reservoir
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Earth environment
definition: Sampled feature is fluid that resides in fractures, intergranular porosity or other open space in the solid earth.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrow match: MEO_0000326
narrow match: ENVO_00012408
narrower: Aquifer
notation: 201

Terrestrial water body
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Water body
definition: Sampled feature is terrestrial hydrosphere-- lake, other standing water, or a flowing water body (river, stream..). Include saline water in terrestrial evaporite environments.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lake
narrower: River or stream
notation: 253

Water body
type: NamedIndividual
type: Concept
broader: Earth environment
definition: Sampled feature is the Earth's hydrosphere.
in scheme: sampledfeaturevocabulary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Marine water body
narrower: Terrestrial water body
narrower: Bay
narrower: Bight
narrower: Canal
notation: 202

Abandoned river channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: River system
definition: A drainage channel along which runoff no longer occurs, as on an alluvial fan
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 131

Above carbonate compensation depth
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Marine setting
definition: Marine environment in which carbonate sediment does not dissolve before reaching the sea floor and can accumulate.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 080

Basin plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Bates & Jackson, 1987, Heezen & Laughton, 1963, Reading, 1978, p. 390
alternative label: Abyssal plain
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Plain
definition: Near flat areas of ocean floor, slope less than 1:1000, generally receive only distal turbidite and pelagic sediments.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 120

Abyssal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Marine setting
definition: The ocean environment at water depths between 3500 and 6000 metres
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 081

Active continental margin
type: Concept
broader: Continental Margin
broader: Plate margin
definition: A plate boundary between continental and oceanic crust that is a zone of active faulting, i.e. a transform fault or subduction zone.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 122

Active ocean ridge
type: Concept
broader: Submarine ridge
definition: Ocean highland associated with a divergent continental margin (spreading center). Setting is characterized by active volcanism, locally steep relief, hydrothermal activity, and pelagic sedimentation.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Ocean ridge axial valley
narrower: Submarine vent
notation: 159

Agricultural site
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture
broader: Active human occupation site
definition: Site involved in crop cultivation, livestock production, aquaculture, or forestry to produce food or non-food products.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 188

Algal flat
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: http://www.audubonofflorida.org/main/wetlands/chp3.htm, Reading, 1978
broader: Low energy shoreline setting
definition: Modern algal flats are found on rock or mud in areas flooded only by the highest tides and are often subject to high evaporation rates. Algal flats survive only when an area is salty enough to eliminate snails and other herbivorous animals that eat algae, yet is not so salty that the algae cannot survive. The most common species of algae found on algal flats are blue-green algae of the genera Scytonema and Schizothrix. These algae can tolerate the daily extremes in temperature and oxygen that typify conditions on the flats. Other plants sometimes found on algal flats include one-celled green algae, flagellates, diatoms, bacteria, and isolated scrubby red and black mangroves, as well as patches of saltwort. Animals include false cerith, cerion snails, fiddler crabs, and great land crabs. Flats with well developed algal mats are restricted for the most part to the Keys, with Sugarloaf and Crane Keys offering prime examples of algal flat habitat. (Audubon, 1991)
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 074

Alkalic igneous complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
broader: Igneous system
definition: Intrusive and extrusive igneous rock suites with unusual alkalic or alkaline composition.
notation: 263

Alluvial fan
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Piedmont slope
definition: A low, outspread, relatively flat to gently sloping mass of loose rock material, shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone, deposited by a stream (esp. in a semiarid region) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley upon a plain or broad valley, or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream, or wherever a constriction in a valley abruptly ceases or the gradient of the stream suddenly decreases, it is steepest near the mouth of the valley where its apex points upstream, and it slopes gently and convexly outward with gradually decreasing gradient
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 118

Alluvial plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/,
broader: Piedmont slope
broader: Plain
definition: An assemblage landforms produced by alluvial and fluvial processes (braided streams, terraces, etc.) that form low gradient, regional ramps along the flanks of mountains and extend great distances from their sources (e.g.high Plains of North America). (NRCS GLOSSARY OF LANDFORM AND GEOLOGIC TERMS). A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium... Synonym-- wash plain,...river plain, aggraded valley plain,... (Jackson, 1997, p. 17). May include one or more River plain systems.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 121

Anoxic environment
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth surface
definition: Environment depleted in oxygen, typically subaqueous.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 213

Aquifer
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: based on Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
broader: Subsurface fluid reservoir
definition: A body of porous and permeable Earth Material containing interstitial water that can move through the material.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 247

Arch-natural formation
type: Concept
source: Oxford English Dictionary
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A landform consting of rock in a curved symmetrical structure that spans an opening and support the weight of the rock above the opening.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 098

Arid or semi arid environment
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/,
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting characterized by mean annual precipitation of 10 inches (25 cm) or less. (Jackson, 1997, p. 172). Equivalent to SLTT 'Desert setting', but use 'Arid' to emphasize climatic nature of setting definition.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Gibber plain
narrower: Marginal marine sabkha
narrower: Playa
narrower: Sand plain
notation: 214

Ocean ridge axial valley
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Active ocean ridge
definition: A linear depression along the crest of an active ocean ridge spreading center.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 012

Back arc setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonic setting adjacent to a volcanic arc formed above a subduction zone. The back arc setting is on the opposite side of the volcanic arc from the trench at which oceanic crust is consumed in a subduction zone. Back arc setting includes terrane that is affected by plate margin and arc-related processes.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 163

Backreef setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Biological reef
definition: The landward side of a reef. The term is often used adjectivally to refer to deposits within the restricted lagoon behind a barrier reef, such as the back-reef facies of lagoonal deposits. In some places, as on a platform-edge reef tract, back reef refers to the side of the reef away from the open sea, even though no land may be nearby
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 019

Badlands
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A dry terrain where soft sedimentary rock and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded, characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 099

Barrier beach
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Barrier island coastline
broader: Beach
definition: A narrow, elongate sand or gravel ridge rising slightly above the high-tide level and extending generally parallel with the shore, but separated from it by a lagoon (Shepard, 1954, p.1904), estuary, or marsh, it is extended by longshore transport and is rarely more than several kilometers long.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 018

Barrier island coastline
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Shoreline
definition: setting meant to include all the various geographic elements typically associated with a barrier island coastline, including the barrier islands, and geomorphic/geographic elements that are linked by processes associated with the presence of the island (e.g. wash over fans, inlet channel, back barrier lagoon).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Barrier beach
narrower: Barrier lagoon
notation: 136

Barrier lagoon
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Barrier island coastline
broader: Lagoonal setting
definition: A lagoon that is roughly parallel to the coast and is separated from the open ocean by a strip of land or by a barrier reef. Tidal influence is typically restricted and the lagoon is commonly hypersaline.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 071

Basin-physiography
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(geology)
alternative label: Depression-physiography
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 100

Bathyal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Marine setting
definition: The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 3500 metres
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lower bathyal setting
narrower: Middle bathyal setting
narrower: upper bathyal setting
notation: 082

Bay
type: Concept
source: Based on IMLGS sampled feature harbor or small bay
broader: Water body
definition: An area of water bordered by land on three sides.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 249

Beach
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Shoreline
definition: The unconsolidated material at the shoreline that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves), at the shore of a body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Barrier beach
notation: 137

Below carbonate compensation depth setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Marine setting
definition: Marine environment in which water is deep enough that carbonate sediment goes into solution before it can accumulate on the sea floor.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 083

Bight
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., Glossary of Geology, 2005
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Water body
definition: a concave bend or curvature in a coastline forming a very open bay
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 250

Biological reef
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Marine water body bottom
definition: A ridgelike or moundlike structure, layered or massive, built by sedentary calcareous organisms, esp. corals, and consisting mostly of their remains, it is wave-resistant and stands topographically above the surrounding contemporaneously deposited sediment.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Backreef setting
narrower: Forereef setting
narrower: Reef flat
notation: 235

Bog
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Jackson, 1997, North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/,
broader: Terrestrial setting
broader: Wetland
definition: Waterlogged, spongy ground, consisting primarily of mosses, containing acidic, decaying vegetation that may develop into peat.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 186

Braided river channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: River channel
definition: A stream that divides into or follows an interlacing or tangled network of several small branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by ephemeral branch islands or channel bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such a stream is generally believed to indicate an inability to carry all of its load, such as an overloaded and aggrading stream flowing in a wide channel on a floodplain
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 129

Butte
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butte
broader: Hill
definition: an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus or tablelands
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 064

Canal
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Active human occupation site
broader: Water body
definition: A human manufactured water channel to manage surface water resources for irrigation, transportation, or human consumption.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 251
related match: ENVO_00000014

Canyon
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a deep, relatively narrow, steep-sided valley confined between walls cutting through a plateau or mountainous area
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Subaerial canyon
narrower: Submarine canyon
notation: 101

Cape
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
broader: Shoreline
definition: A mass of land that extends from a coastline into an adjacent body of water
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 138
note: Typically larger than a headland, smaller than a peninsula. The term generally refers to the part of the projecting land mass that extends farthest into the water body. See Neuendorf et al, 2005, Glossary of Geology, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_(geography)

Carbonate dominated shoreline
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Shoreline
definition: A shoreline setting in which terrigenous input is minor compared to local carbonate sediment production. Constructional biogenic activity is an important element in geomorphic development.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 139

Carbonate mound
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/carbonate-mound: AI generated definition based on: Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition), 2022 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128182345001292)
broader: Marine water body bottom
definition: a seafloor elevation formed by calcareous framework-building organisms, varying in shapes, sizes, and heights, generally less than 500 meters. These mounds can be circular, arcuate, elongated, or irregular, with heights ranging from a few meters to over 300 meters, and are commonly found in temperate to high latitudes on the continental slope.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 236
note: carbonate mud-dominated deposits with topographic relief and few or no stromatolites, thrombolites or in place skeletons. Low Relief Carbonate Mud Mounds are typically thin. High Relief Carbonate Mud Mounds are thick, and internal bedding, slumping, stromatactis cavity systems, and steep marginal slopes may be common. Whereas Organic Reefs are biogenic, calcareous, and are created by essentially in place organisms, Carbonate Mud Mounds can be organic and/or inorganic in origin and it can be difficult to distinguish their origins. (Riding, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(01)00089-7)

Carbonatite complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
broader: Igneous system
definition: Intrusive or extrusive rocks in suite with abundant carbonatite and similar exotic composition rocks
notation: 262

Cave
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Earth surface
definition: A natural underground open space, it generally has a connection to the surface, is large enough for a person to enter, and extends into darkness. The most common type of cave is formed in limestone by dissolution.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 215

Channel
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A natural passageway or depression of perceptible extent that contains a continuously or periodically flowing fluid
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Delta distributary channel
narrower: Intermittent stream channel
narrower: River channel
narrower: Submarine channel
narrower: Tidal channel
notation: 102
note: Subaerial channels typically contain flowing water at least intermittently. Submarine channels typically contain sediment-water suspensions in density driven down-slope flow.

Cirque
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Glacier environment
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a steep-walled, half-bowl-like recess in a mountain, formed by the erosive activty of a mountain glacier
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 103

Cliff
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A high, very steep to vertical rock face.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 104
note: Could be part of an escarpment, or a local feature in mountainous terrane.

Coastal dune field
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Dunefield
definition: A dune field on low-lying land recently abandoned or built up by the sea, the dunes may ascend a cliff and travel inland.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 046

Coastal plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: based on Neuendorf et al, 2005, p. 125
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Plain
broader: Shoreline
definition: A low relief plain bordering a water body extending inland to the nearest elevated land, sloping very gently towards the water body. Distinguished from alluvial plain by presence of relict shoreline-related deposits or morphology.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 140

Collisional setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental crust
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonic setting in which two continental crustal plates impact and are sutured together after intervening oceanic crust is entirely consumed at a subduction zone separating the plates. Such collision typically involves major mountain forming events, exemplified by the modern Alpine and Himalayan mountain chains.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 164

Contact metamorphic zone
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0, 2004
broader: Earth interior
definition: Zone of metamorphism associated with the contact of an igneous body.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 203

Continent
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth environment
definition: Sampled feature is on or within continental crust.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 195

Continental borderland
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Marine setting
definition: An area of the continental margin between the shoreline and the continental slope that is topographically more complex than the continental shelf. It is characterized by ridges and basins, some of which are below the depth of the continental shelf. An example is the southern California continental borderland,.... (Jackson, 1997, p. 138)..
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 084

Continental crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Crustal setting
definition: That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the continents and the continental shelves, it is equivalent to the sial and continental sima and ranges in thickness from about 25 km to more than 70 km under mountain ranges, averaging ~40 km. The density of the continental crust averages ~2.8 g/cm3 and is ~2.7 g.cm3 in the upper layer. The velocities of compressional seismic waves through it average ~6.5 km/s and are less than ~7.0 km/sec.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Collisional setting
narrower: Foreland setting
narrower: Hinterland tectonic setting
narrower: Lower continental crust
narrower: Middle continental crust
narrower: Upper continental crust
notation: 032

Continental divide
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_divide
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: a topographic boundary that separates areas on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the boundary feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is not connected to the open sea.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 238

Continental Margin
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth environment
definition: Boundary zone between continental crust and oceanic crust.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Active continental margin
narrower: Passive continental margin
notation: 196

Continental margin trench
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Deep sea trench
definition: A deep submarine valley associated with subduction of an oceanic plate underneath a continent.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 035

Continental rift
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Extended terrane
definition: Extended terrane in a zone of continental breakup, may include incipient oceanic crust. Examples include Red Sea, East Africa Rift, Salton Trough
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 053

Continental shelf
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Marginal shelf
definition: That part of the ocean floor that is between the shoreline and the continental slope (or, when there is no noticeable continental slope, a depth of 200 m). It is characterized by its gentle slope of 0.1 degree (Jackson, 1997, p. 138). Continental shelves have a classic shoreline-shelf-slope profile termed 'clinoform'.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 078

Continental volcanic arc
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Volcanic arc
definition: a linear chain of volcanos formed above a subduction zone with ocean crust subducting beneath a continent
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 181

Crater
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A broadly circular depression in the Earth surface, commonly with a raised rim
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 105
note: Typically the result of bolide impact on the surface, or an explosion (volcanic or anthropogenic). Craters can also form by subsidence of ground surface due collapse of some subsurface cavity. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater)

Crustal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Earth interior
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: The outermost layer or shell of the Earth, defined according to various criteria, including seismic velocity, density and composition, that part of the Earth above the Mohorovicic discontinuity, made up of the sial and the sima.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Continental crust
narrower: Ocean crust
narrower: Transitional crust
notation: 204

Cutoff meander
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: River system
definition: The abandoned, bow- or horseshoe-shaped channel of a former meander, left when the stream formed a cutoff across a narrow meander neck. Note that these are typically lakes, thus also lacustrine.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 132

Deep sea trench
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Reading 1978
broader: Marine setting
definition: Deep ocean basin with steep (average 10 degrees) slope toward land, more gentle slope (average 5 degrees) towards the sea, and abundant seismic activity on landward side of trench. Does not denote water depth, but may be very deep.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Continental margin trench
narrower: Hadal setting
narrower: Intraoceanic trench
notation: 085

Delta front
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
definition: A narrow zone where deposition in deltas is most active, consisting of a continuous sheet of sand, and occurring within the effective depth of wave erosion (10 m or less). It is the zone separating the prodelta from the delta plain, and it may or may not be steep\
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 040

Delta plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
broader: Plain
definition: The level or nearly level surface composing the landward part of a large or compound delta, strictly, an alluvial plain characterized by repeated channel bifurcation and divergence, multiple distributary channels, and interdistributary flood basins
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lower delta plain
narrower: Upper delta plain
notation: 041

Deltaic system
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Shoreline
definition: Environments at the mouth of a river or stream that enters a standing body of water (ocean or lake). The delta forms a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area. Subaerial parts of the delta are crossed by many distributaries of the main river, and commonly extend beyond the general trend of the coast. Subaqueous parts of the delta merge with the adjacent basin floor, and are progressively influenced by non-fluvial processes. Deltas result from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river in such quantities that it is not removed by tides, waves, and currents. Adapted from the Glossary of Geology definition for delta (Jackson, 1997, p. 167).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Delta front
narrower: Delta plain
narrower: Delta distributary channel
narrower: Delta distributary mouth
narrower: Estuarine delta
narrower: Interdistributary bay
narrower: Lacustrine delta
narrower: Prodelta setting
notation: 141

Diatreme or kimberlite
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
broader: Igneous system
definition: A vertical pipe or funnel like structure or dike containing kimberlite or other gas-rich explosive magma products; include extrusive kimberlite occurrences as well.
notation: 258

Delta distributary channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Channel
broader: Deltaic system
definition: A divergent stream flowing away from the main stream and not returning to it, as in a delta or on an alluvial plain
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 042

Delta distributary mouth
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
definition: The mouth of a delta distributary channel where fluvial discharge moves from confined to unconfined flow conditions
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 043

Drainage basin
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
alternative label: Watershed
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 173
note: watershed is generally synonomous with drainage basin in North American usage, but in some communities might be understood to mean the drainage divide bounding a drainage basin (e.g. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000292)

Drumlin
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Hill
definition: a low, smoothly rounded, strongly elongated oval hill formed by the flow of a glacier over non-consolidated sediment, typically older glacial deposits
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 065
note: Drumlins are elongate in the direction of glacier flow; the blunt nose of the hill on the end from which the ice approached.

Ductile shear zone
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816802-8.00002-0
broader: Geologic structure
definition: Tabular or sheetlike and planar or curviplanar zones in which rocks are more highly strained through crystal plastic processes than rocks adjacent to the zone
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 055

Dune
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Eolian process setting
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a mound or hill of loose, windblown granular material (typically sand), capable of wind-driven movement, while retaining its characteristic shape
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 047

Dunefield
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Eolian process setting
definition: Extensive deposits on sand in an area where the supply is abundant. As a characteristic, individual dunes somewhat resemble barchans but are highly irregular in shape and crowded, erg areas of the Sahara are an example.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Coastal dune field
notation: 048

Englacial setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Glacier environment
definition: Contained, embedded, or carried within the body of a glacier or ice sheet, said of meltwater streams, till, drift, moraine
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 229

Eolian process setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: Sedimentary setting in which wind is the dominant process producing, transporting, and depositing sediment. Typically has low-relief plain or piedmont slope physiography.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Dune
narrower: Dunefield
narrower: Sand plain
notation: 239

Epicontinental marine setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Marine setting
definition: Marine setting situated within the interior of the continent, rather than at the edge of a continent.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 086

Escarpment
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a steep slope or long cliff that separates two relatively level areas having different elevations.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Subaerial escarpment
narrower: Submarine escarpment
notation: 106

Estuarine delta
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
broader: Estuary
definition: A delta that has filled, or is in the process of filling, an estuary
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 044

Estuarine lagoon
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Estuary
broader: Lagoonal setting
definition: A lagoon produced by the temporary sealing of a river estuary by a storm barrier. Such lagoons are usually seasonal and exist until the river breaches the barrier, they occur in regions of low or spasmodic rainfall
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 052

Estuary
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Shoreline
definition: Environments at the seaward end or the widened funnel-shaped tidal mouth of a river valley where fresh water comes into contact with seawater and where tidal effects are evident (adapted from Glossary of Geology, Jackson, 1997, p. 217).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Estuarine delta
narrower: Estuarine lagoon
notation: 142

Extended terrane
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: This vocabulary
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonic setting characterized by extension of the upper crust manifested by formation of rift valleys or basin and range physiography, with arrays of low to high angle normal faults. Modern examples include the North Sea, East Africa, and the Basin and Range of the North American Cordillera. Typically applied in continental crustal settings.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Continental rift
notation: 165

Geologic fault
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic structure
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 056

Fault scarp
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic structure
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 057

FJord
type: Concept
source: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000039>
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Marine water body
definition: A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 234
preferred label: Fjord

Floodplain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: River system
definition: The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel, constructed by the present river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks. It is built of alluvium carried by the river during floods and deposited in the sluggish water beyond the influence of the swiftest current. A river has one floodplain and may have one or more terraces representing abandoned floodplains
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 133
note: Include riparian habitat along a river

Geologic fold
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic structure
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 058

Forearc setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: 1-GE WP3, Neuendorf et al.(2005), p. 249
broader: Plate margin
definition: Tectonic setting between a subduction-related trench and a volcanic arc
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 123

Foreland basin
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.1996.01491.x
broader: Foreland setting
broader: Sedimentary basin
definition: an elongate region of potential sediment accommodation that forms on continental crust between a contractional orogenic belt and the adjacent craton, mainly in response to geodynamic processes related to subduction and the resulting peripheral or retroarc fold-thrust belt.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 135

Foreland fold and thrust belt
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Foreland setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 054

Foreland setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: 1-GE WP3, Neuendorf et al.(2005), p. 250
broader: Continental crust
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: The exterior area of an orogenic belt where deformation occurs without significant metamorphism. Generally the foreland is closer to the continental interior than other portions of the orogenic belt are.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Foreland basin
narrower: Foreland fold and thrust belt
notation: 027

Forereef setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Biological reef
definition: The seaward side of a reef, the slope covered with deposits of coarse reef talus
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 020

Forest
type: Concept
source: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000111>
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: An area with a high density of trees.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 240

Fracture zone
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Plate margin
definition: a tranform fault offsetting an oceanic spreading center
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 124

Geologic structure
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth environment
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Ductile shear zone
narrower: Geologic fault
narrower: Fault scarp
narrower: Geologic fold
notation: 197

Geologic unit
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth interior
definition: Sampled feature is a rock body that has some identifying and unity criteria that constitutes a part of the Earth's crust or mantle.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Melange
narrower: Ophiolite
narrower: Soil profile
narrower: Stratigraphic section
narrower: Thrust sheet
narrower: Xenolith
notation: 205

Geothermal water
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subsurface fluid reservoir
definition: Water that has been heated by interaction with hot rock bodies in the subsurface
notation: 256

Gibber plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Arid or semi arid environment
broader: Plain
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: A desert plain strewn with wind-abraded pebbles, or gibbers, a gravelly desert.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 241

Glacial outwash plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Glacier environment
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: Areas adjacent to glacial front dominated by sediment and water supplied by glacial melting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 174

Glacier lateral setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Glacier environment
definition: Settings adjacent to edges of confined glacier.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 230

Glacier terminus
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: NADM SLTTs, 2004
broader: Proglacial setting
definition: Region of sediment deposition due to melting of glacier ice. ablation and flow till setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 127

Granitic intrusive igneous complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Intrusive igneous complex
definition: Broadly granitic suites of cogentic intrusive rocks ranging from diorite to granite; mostly medium to coarse grained, might include finer grained bodies as well as very coarse-grained pegmatite
notation: 265

Hadal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deep sea trench
definition: The deepest oceanic environment, i.e., over 6000 m in depth. Always in deep sea trench.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 036

Harbor
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Anthropogenic environment
definition: A coastal feature useful to humans to bring water craft to shore, onload and offload cargo, and provide protection from storms.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 192

High-pressure low-temperature earth interior
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth interior
definition: High pressure environment characterized by geothermal gradient significantly lower than standard continental geotherm, enviornment in which blueschist facies metamorphic rocks form. Typically associated with subduction zones.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 206

Hill
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: an elevation of the Earth surface, of limited extent, having a well defined outline, rounded morphology, and generally considered to be less that 300 m (1000 ft) from base to summit
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Butte
narrower: Drumlin
notation: 107

Hillslope
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/, Hawley, J.W., and Parsons, R.B. 1980. Glossary of selected geomorphic and geologic terms. Mimeo. USDA Soil Conservation Service, West National Technical Center, Portland, OR. 30 p.
broader: Earth surface
definition: Earth surface setting characterized by surface slope angles high enough that gravity alone becomes a significant factor in geomorphic development, as well as base-of-slope areas influenced by hillslope processes. Hillslope activities include creep, sliding, slumping, falling, and other downslope movements caused by slope collapse induced by gravitational influence on earth materials. May be subaerial or subaqueous.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Landslide
notation: 216

Hinterland tectonic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental crust
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonic setting in the internal part of an orogenic belt, characterized by plastic deformation of rocks accompanied by significant metamorphism, typically involving crystalline basement rocks. Typically denotes the most structurally thickened part of an orogenic belt, between a magmatic arc or collision zone and a more 'external' foreland setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 166

Hot spot
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Setting in a zone of high heat flow from the mantle. Typically identified in intraplate settings, but hot spot may also interact with active plate margins (Iceland...). Includes surface manifestations like volcanic center, but also includes crust and mantle manifestations as well.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 167

Humid temperate climatic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Cleland, D.T., Avers, P.E., McNab, W.H., Jensen, M.E., Bailey, R.G., King, T., Russell, W.E. 1997. National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units, in Boyce, M. S., Haney, A., ed., Ecosystem Management Applications for Sustainable Forest and WildlifeResources: Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. pp. 181-200.
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting with seasonal climate having hot to cold or humid to arid seasons.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 217

Humid tropical climatic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Cleland, D.T., Avers, P.E., McNab, W.H., Jensen, M.E., Bailey, R.G., King, T., Russell, W.E. 1997. National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units, in Boyce, M. S., Haney, A., ed., Ecosystem Management Applications for Sustainable Forest and WildlifeResources: Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. pp. 181-200.
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting with hot humid climate influenced by equatorial air masses, no winter season.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 218

Hummock
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a rounded or conical very low hill rising slightly from the adjacent surface
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 108
note: Various kinds of hummocks are reported, e.g. formed in ice, on landslides, in peat bogs, in permafrost. (see Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology, or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummock)

Hypabyssal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth interior
broader: Igneous system
definition: Igneous environment close to the Earth's surface, characterized by more rapid cooling than plutonic setting to produce generally fine-grained intrusive igneous rock that is commonly associated with co-magmatic volcanic rocks.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 067

Igneous system
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth environment
definition: Features associated with the generatation, movement, intrusion, extrusion, or crystallization of magma.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Hypabyssal setting
narrower: Intrusive igneous complex
narrower: Volcanic setting
notation: 198

Impact structure
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic structure
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 219

Inactive spreading center
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: IMLGS sampled feature
alternative label: Aseismic ocean ridge
broader: Intraplate tectonic setting
broader: Submarine ridge
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: Setting on oceanic crust formed at a spreading center that has been abandoned.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 160

Insular shelf
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
source: definition based on gsmlee:continental_shelf_setting definition
broader: Marginal shelf
definition: That part of the ocean floor that is between the shoreline of an island and the shelf-slope boundary (or, when there is no noticeable shelf-slope boundary, a depth of 200 m). It is characterized by its gentle slope of 0.1 degree (Jackson, 1997, p. 138).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 079

Interdistributary bay
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
broader: Subaqueous setting
definition: A pronounced indentation of the delta front between advancing stream distributaries, occupied by shallow water, and either open to the sea or partly enclosed by minor distributaries
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 153

Intermittent stream channel
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_(watercourse)
alternative label: Arroyo
alternative label: Dry gulch
alternative label: Dry valley
alternative label: Wadi
alternative label: Wash
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Channel
definition: a watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 242

Intertidal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Subaqueous setting
broader: Tidal setting
definition: Pertaining to the benthic ocean environment or depth zone between high water and low water, also, pertaining to the organisms of that environment
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 154

Intraoceanic trench
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Deep sea trench
definition: A deep submarine valley associated with a subduction zone between oceanic tectonic plates
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 037

Intraplate tectonic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: This vocabulary
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonically stable setting far from any active plate margins.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Inactive spreading center
narrower: Seamount
notation: 168

Intrusive igneous complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy data
broader: Earth interior
broader: Geologic unit
broader: Igneous system
definition: Features related to igneous activity wholly within the Earth, characterized by slow cooling to produce generally medium to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rocks.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 260

Island
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth surface
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 220

Island arc
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Volcanic arc
definition: A volcanic arc related to an intraoceanic subduction zone, consisting of a chain of islands formed by volcanos above a subduction zone.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 182

Isthmus
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://www.britannica.com/science/isthmus
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: narrow strip of land connecting two large land areas otherwise separated by bodies of water.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 109

Karst
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: A landform that formed by dissolution of soluble rock like limestone or gypsum, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 243

Lacustrine delta
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
broader: Lacustrine setting
definition: The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land at or near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan-shaped plain of considerable area, crossed by many distributaries of the main river, perhaps extending beyond the general trend of the lake shore, resulting from the accumulation of sediment supplied by the river in such quantities that it is not removed by waves or currents. Most deltas are partly subaerial and partly below water.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 069

Lacustrine setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Subaqueous setting
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: Setting associated with a lake. Always overlaps with terrestrial, may overlap with subaerial, subaqueous, or shoreline.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lacustrine delta
narrower: Lake
notation: 175

Lagoonal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: generalize from Jackson 1997 and North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Shoreline
definition: A shallow stretch of salt or brackish water, partly or completely separated from a sea or lake by an offshore reef, barrier island, sand or spit (Jackson, 1997). Water is shallow, tidal and wave-produced effects on sediments, strong light reaches sediment..
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Barrier lagoon
narrower: Estuarine lagoon
notation: 143

Lake
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
alternative label: Pond
broader: Terrestrial water body
broader: Lacustrine setting
definition: A body of water on the Earth's surface, localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Fresh water lake
narrower: Saline lake
notation: 070

Fresh water lake
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Lake
definition: Natural lakes or human impounded fresh water resevoirs.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 072

Saline lake
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Lake
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 073

Landslide
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Hillslope
definition: a mass of rock, debris, or earth that has moved down a slope under the influence of gravity
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 066

Lava flow
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Volcanic complex
broader: Volcanic setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 183

Low energy shoreline setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Shoreline
definition: Settings characterized by very low surface slope and proximity to shoreline. Generally within peritidal setting, but characterized by low surface gradients and generally low-energy sedimentary processes.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Algal flat
narrower: Marginal marine sabkha
narrower: Mud flat
notation: 144

Low pressure high temperature setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth interior
definition: Setting characterized by temperatures significantly higher that those associated with normal continental geothermal gradient.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 207

Lower bathyal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl, J.P. & Jackson, J.A. (eds), 2005. Glossary of geology, 5th Edition. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, 779 p., Berggren, W.A. & Miller, K.G., 1989. Cenozoic bathyal and abyssal calcareous benthic foraminiferal zonation. Micropalaeontology 35, 308-320
broader: Bathyal setting
definition: The ocean environment at depths between 1000 and 3500 metres
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 015

Lower continental crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental crust
definition: Continental crustal setting characterized by upper amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism, insitu melting, residual anhydrous metamorphic rocks, and ductile flow of rock bodies.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 028

Lower delta plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Readingh.G. & Collinson, J.D., 1996. Clastic coasts. 154-231 in Readingh.G. (ed.), Sedimentary Environments: Processses, Facies and Stratigraphy, third edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford
broader: Delta plain
broader: Tidal setting
definition: The part of a delta plain which is penetrated by saline water and is subject to tidal processes
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 038

Lower mantle
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Mantle
definition: That part of the mantle that lies below a depth of about 660 km. With increasing depth, density increases from ~4.4 g/cm3-to ~5.6 g/cm3, and velocity of compressional seismic waves increases from ~10.7 km/s to ~13.7 km/s (Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 076

Lower oceanic crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Ocean crust
definition: Setting characterized by dominantly intrusive mafic rocks, with sheeted dike complexes in upper part and gabbroic to ultramafic intrusive or metamorphic rocks in lower part.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 094

Mafic to ultramafic intrusive igenous complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Intrusive igneous complex
definition: sampled feature is a geologic unit consisting if intrusive ultramafic or mafic igneous rocks, e.g. peridotite, harzburgite, gabbro...
notation: 266

Mantle
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Earth interior
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: The zone of the Earth below the crust and above the core, which is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle, with a transition zone separating them.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lower mantle
narrower: Upper mantle
notation: 208

Marginal marine sabkha
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/, based on Jackson 1997, Neuendorf et al. 2005
broader: Arid or semi arid environment
broader: Low energy shoreline setting
definition: Setting characterized by arid to semi-arid conditions on restricted coastal plains mostly above normal high tide level, with evaporite-saline mineral, tidal-flood, and eolian deposits. Boundaries with intertidal setting and non-tidal terrestrial setting are gradational. (Jackson, 1997, p. 561).
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 014

Marginal shelf
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Marine setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Continental shelf
narrower: Insular shelf
notation: 087

Marine carbonate platform
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Marine setting
definition: A shallow submerged plateau separated from continental landmasses, on which high biological carbonate production rates produce enough sediment to maintain the platform surface near sea level. Grades into atoll as area becomes smaller and ringing coral reefs become more prominent part of the setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 088

Marine setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/, Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, 2001, p. 1894.
broader: Subaqueous setting
definition: Setting characterized by location under the surface of the sea.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Marine water body bottom
narrower: Above carbonate compensation depth
narrower: Basin plain
narrower: Abyssal setting
narrower: Bathyal setting
narrower: Below carbonate compensation depth setting
narrower: Biological reef
narrower: Continental borderland
narrower: Continental shelf
narrower: Deep sea trench
narrower: Epicontinental marine setting
narrower: Hadal setting
narrower: Marginal shelf
narrower: Marine carbonate platform
narrower: Neritic setting
narrower: Ocean highland
narrower: Slope rise setting
narrower: Submarine bank
narrower: Submarine fan
notation: 155

Meandering river channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: River channel
definition: Produced by a mature stream swinging from side to side as it flows across its floodplain or shifts its course laterally toward the convex side of an original curve
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 130

Melange
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9lange
broader: Geologic unit
definition: A body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The melange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithology.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 059

Mesa
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: an isolated, flat-topped elevation, bounded on all sides by steep escarpments, standing distinctly above a surrounding plain.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 110
note: Mesas characteristically consist of flat-lying soft sedimentary rocks capped by a more resistant layer or layers of harder rock, e.g. shales overlain by sandstones. The resistant layer acts as a caprock that forms the flat summit of a mesa. Mesas are larger than buttes.

Middle bathyal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Berggren, W.A. & Miller, K.G., 1989. Cenozoic bathyal and abyssal calcareous benthic foraminiferal zonation. Micropalaeontology 35, 308-320
broader: Bathyal setting
definition: The ocean environment at water depths between 600 and 1000 metres
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 016

Middle continental crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental crust
definition: Continental crustal setting characterized by greenschist to upper amphibolite facies metamorphism, plutonic igneous rocks, and ductile deformation.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 029

Mineralized system
type: Concept
source: sessf:sfvocabulary
broader: Earth interior
definition: Sampled feature is a part of the Earth that has been enriched in elements of economic interest
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 209
note: Subclasses for mineral deposit time would be an extension vocabulary.

Mining site
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Active human occupation site
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 189

Moraine
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A mound, hill, ridge or other elevated feature that is an accumulation of debris transported by a glacier
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 111

Mountain
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: based on Neuendorf et al., 2005, and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a portion of the Earth's surface that is sufficiently elevated above the surrounding surface to be a distinct feature. Generally has steep sides. Differentiate from a plateau in having a limited summit area; higher than a hill, typically rising at least 300 metres (980 ft) above the surrounding surface.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 112

Mountain range
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A region characterized by a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, closely related in position, formation, and age
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 113

Mountain stream valley
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
alternative label: Gulch
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: V-shaped valley formed by erosion in mountainous terran. It may contain a small stream or dry creek bed with a steep gradient and is usually larger in size than a gully.
notation: 255

Mud flat
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/, Jackson, 1997
broader: Low energy shoreline setting
definition: A relatively level area of fine grained material (e.g. silt) along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary or chenier-plain) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide or covered by shallow water, and barren of vegetation. Includes most tidal flats, but lacks denotation of tidal influence.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 075

Neritic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Marine setting
definition: The ocean environment at depths between low-tide level and 200 metres, or between low-tide level and approximately the edge of the continental shelf
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 089

Ocean crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Crustal setting
definition: That type of the Earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins. The oceanic crust is 5-10 km thick, it has a density of 2.9 g/cm3, and compressional seismic-wave velocities travelling through it at 4-7.2 km/sec. Setting in crust produced by submarine volcanism at a mid ocean ridge.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lower oceanic crust
narrower: Upper ocean crust
notation: 033

Ocean highland
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Marine setting
definition: Broad category for subaqueous marine settings characterized by significant relief above adjacent sea floor.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Active ocean ridge
narrower: Ocean plateau
narrower: Seamount
narrower: Submarine ridge
notation: 237

Ocean plateau
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Reading 1978
broader: Ocean highland
broader: Plateau
definition: Region of elevated ocean crust that commonly rises to within 2-3 km of the surface above an abyssal sea floor that lies several km deeper. Climate and water depths are such that a marine carbonate platform does not develop.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 096

Ocean ridge crest
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Submarine ridge
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 161

Ocean ridge flank
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Submarine ridge
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 162

Ophiolite
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
definition: A rock body interpreted to represent exhumed ocean crust.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 060

Outcrop
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth surface
definition: Sampled feature is an exposure of rock or sediment at the Earth's surface
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 221
note: Include natural outcrops and human-made outcrops like road cuts.

Passive continental margin
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental Margin
definition: Boundary of continental crust into oceanic crust of an oceanic basin that is not a subduction zone or transform fault system. Generally is rifted margin formed when ocean basin was initially formed.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 031

Pediment
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/, NRCS, 2001
broader: Piedmont slope
definition: A gently sloping erosional surface developed at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope. The surface may be essentially bare, exposing earth material that extends beneath adjacent uplands, or it may be thinly mantled with alluvium and colluvium, ultimately in transit from upland front to basin or valley lowland. In hill-foot slope terrain the mantle is designated \pedisediment.\ The term has been used in several geomorphic contexts: Pediments may be classed with respect to (a) landscape positions, for example, intermontane-basin piedmont or valley-border footslope surfaces (respectively, apron and terrace pediments (Cooke and Warren, 1973)), (b) type of material eroded, bedrock or regolith, or (c) combinations of the above. Compare - Piedmont slope..
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 119

Physiographic feature
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth surface
definition: A feature that is defined by the morphology of the Earth surface
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Arch-natural formation
narrower: Badlands
narrower: Basin-physiography
narrower: Canyon
narrower: Cape
narrower: Channel
narrower: Cirque
narrower: Cliff
narrower: Crater
narrower: Dune
narrower: Escarpment
narrower: Hill
narrower: Hummock
narrower: Isthmus
narrower: Mesa
narrower: Moraine
narrower: Mountain
narrower: Mountain range
narrower: Plain
narrower: Plateau
narrower: Ridge
narrower: Valley
notation: 222

Piedmont slope
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Hawley and Parsons, 1980+F98
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: Location on gentle slope at the foot of a mountain, generally used in terms of intermontane-basin terrain. Main components include: (a) An erosional surface on bedrock adjacent to the receding mountain front (pediment, rock pediment), (b) A constructional surface comprising individual alluvial fans and interfan valleys, also near the mountain front, and (c) A distal complex of coalescent fans (bajada), and alluvial slopes without fan form. Piedmont slopes grade to basin-floor depressions with alluvial and temporary lake plains or to surfaces associated with through drainage.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Alluvial fan
narrower: Alluvial plain
narrower: Pediment
notation: 176

Plain
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a relatively flat area of the Earth surface characterized by very low relief with no prominent irregularities.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Basin plain
narrower: Alluvial plain
narrower: Coastal plain
narrower: Delta plain
narrower: Gibber plain
narrower: Playa
narrower: Sand plain
notation: 114
note: the surface might have a gentle regional slope

Plate margin
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: Tectonic setting at the boundary between two tectonic plates.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Active continental margin
narrower: Forearc setting
narrower: Fracture zone
narrower: Subduction zone
narrower: Transform plate boundary
narrower: Volcanic arc
notation: 169

Plate spreading center
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Extended terrane
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: Tectonic setting where new oceanic crust is being or has been formed at a divergent plate boundary.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Inactive spreading center
notation: 170

Plateau
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: An extensive, relatively flat area of the Earth's surface that is significantly elevated above the adjacent region.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Ocean plateau
notation: 115
note: Typically the surface has more relief than a plain. Plateaus are commonly bounded on at least one side by an escarpement or steep slope. Might be dissected by canyons or deep valleys, but most of the area is at the summit elevation.

Playa
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Based on Hawley and Parsons, 1980
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Arid or semi arid environment
broader: Plain
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: The usually dry and nearly level plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed depressions, such as those occurring on intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation-runoff events.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 177

Pluton
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Intrusive igneous complex
definition: Sampled feature is a discrete body of broadly cogenetic intrusive igeous rock; might be homogeneous or zoned in various ways.
notation: 267

plutonic setting
notation: 210

Polar climatic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Cleland, D.T., Avers, P.E., McNab, W.H., Jensen, M.E., Bailey, R.G., King, T., Russell, W.E. 1997. National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units, in Boyce, M. S., Haney, A., ed., Ecosystem Management Applications for Sustainable Forest and WildlifeResources: Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. pp. 181-200.
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting with climate dominated by temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. Includes polar deserts because precipitation is generally scant at high latitude. Climate controlled by arctic air masses, cold dry environment with short summer.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Glacier environment
notation: 223

Prairie
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
alternative label: pampas
alternative label: savanna
alternative label: steppe
alternative label: temperate grassland
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: a region of relatively level to rolling grassland, generally treeless
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 244

Prodelta setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Deltaic system
broader: Subaqueous setting
definition: The part of a delta that is below the effective depth of wave erosion, lying beyond the delta front, and sloping gently down to the floor of the basin into which the delta is advancing and where clastic river sediment ceases to be a significant part of the basin-floor deposits, it is entirely below the water level
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 045

Proglacial setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Glacier environment
definition: Immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, generally at or near its lower end, said of lakes, streams, deposits, and other features produced by or derived from the glacier ice
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Glacier terminus
notation: 231

Quarry
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Anthropogenic environment
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 193

Reef flat
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Biological reef
definition: A stony platform of reef rock, landward of the reef crest at or above the low tide level, occasionally with patches of living coral and associated organisms, and commonly strewn with coral fragments and coral sand. It may include shallow pools, irregular gullies, low islands of sand or rubble (often vegetated, esp. by palms), and scattered colonies of the more hardy species of coral
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 021

Regional metamorphic setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: NADM metamorphic rock vocabulary SLTTm1.0, 2004
broader: Earth interior
definition: Metamorphism not obviously localized along contacts of igneous bodies, includes burial metamorphism and ocean ridge metamorphism
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 211

Ridge
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: A long, narrow, elevated landform separated from the surrounding terrain by slopes.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Submarine ridge
notation: 116

rift
notation: 171

Rift zone
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Extended terrane
definition: A regional extended terrane in a zone of plate or plate-fragment divergence
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 254
note: Includes extended terranes at ocean spreading centers, and intracontinental rifts.

Seafloor rise, continental
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Slope rise setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 149

Seafloor rise, insular
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Slope rise setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 150

River channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Channel
broader: River system
definition: The bed where a natural body of surface water flows or may flow, a natural passageway or depression of perceptible extent containing continuously or periodically flowing water, or forming a connecting link between two bodies of water, a watercourse
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Braided river channel
narrower: Meandering river channel
notation: 134

River or stream
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Terrestrial water body
definition: A body of fresh water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such flowing body of water.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 248

River system
type: Concept
source: <http://resource.geosciml.org/classifierscheme/cgi/2016.01/eventenvironment>
alternative label: Fluvial setting
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Terrestrial setting
definition: Geologic setting dominated by a river system in any climatic setting. Includes active channels, abandoned channels, levees, oxbow lakes, flood plain. May be part of an alluvial plain that includes terraces composed of abandoned river plain deposits.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Abandoned river channel
narrower: Cutoff meander
narrower: Floodplain
narrower: River channel
notation: 178

Rocky coast
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Shoreline
definition: Shoreline with significant relief and abundant rock outcrop.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 145

Sand plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Arid or semi arid environment
broader: Eolian process setting
broader: Plain
definition: A sand-covered plain dominated by aeolian processes.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 049

Seamount
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Reading 1978
broader: Intraplate tectonic setting
broader: Ocean highland
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: Setting that consists of a conical mountain on the ocean floor (guyot). Typically characterized by active volcanism, pelagic sedimentation. If the mountain is high enough to reach the photic zone, carbonate production may result in reef building to produce a carbonate platform or atoll setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 097
note: Include guyot and seamount province

Sedimentary basin
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth environment
definition: A region that accumulates sedimentary (and possibly subordinate interbedded volcanic) rocks, typically bounded by geologic structures.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Foreland basin
notation: 199

SESAR sampled feature extension
type: CreativeWork
type: Ontology
type: ConceptScheme
created: 2024-08-26
creator: Dr. Stephen M. Richard
license: legalcode
modified: 2024-10-03
publisher: SESAR
code repository: vocabulary
funding: Collaborative Research: Frameworks: Internet of Samples: Toward an Interdisciplinary Cyberinfrastructure for Material Samples
provider: vocabs.ardc.edu.au
imports: terms
imports: core
definition: Terms to categorize sampled features in more detail. This vocabulary extends the iSamples Sampled Feature Type vocabulary with concepts from the GeoSciML event environment vocabulary, and adds several additional concepts.
has top concept: Any sampled feature
history note: 2024-08-26 SMR generate to account for sampled features in SESAR
history note: 2024-10-03 SMR add terms to cover data in SESAR legacy data, map to IMLGS sampled feature, and SESAR physiographic features vocabulary (https://www.geosamples.org/vocabularies/physiographic-feature). Continue to refine structure of vocabulary, add and update definitions, mapping to ENVO terms.

Shoreline
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: based on Neuendorf et al, 2005
alternative label: Coast
broader: Earth surface
definition: Geologic settings characterized by location adjacent to the ocean or a lake. A zone of indefinite width (may be many kilometers), bordering a body of water that extends from the water line inland to the first major change in landform features. Includes settings that may be subaerial, intermittently subaqueous, or shallow subaqueous, but are intrinsically associated with the interface between land areas and water bodies.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Barrier island coastline
narrower: Beach
narrower: Cape
narrower: Carbonate dominated shoreline
narrower: Coastal plain
narrower: Deltaic system
narrower: Estuary
narrower: Lagoonal setting
narrower: Low energy shoreline setting
narrower: Rocky coast
narrower: Strandplain
narrower: Supratidal setting
narrower: Tidal setting
notation: 224

Seafloor slope, continental
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Slope rise setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 151

Seafloor slope, insular
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Slope rise setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 152

Slope rise setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: based on NADM SLTTs, 2004
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Marine setting
definition: The part of a subaqueous basin that is between a bordering shelf setting, which separate the basin from an adjacent landmass, and a very low-relief basin plain setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Seafloor rise, continental
narrower: Seafloor rise, insular
narrower: Seafloor slope, continental
narrower: Seafloor slope, insular
notation: 090

Soil profile
type: Concept
source: sessf:sfvocabulary
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Geologic unit
definition: Sampled feature is a section through the soil accumulation at the Earth's surface.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 245

Strandplain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: based on Jackson 1997, p. 626
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Shoreline
definition: A prograded shore built seaward by waves and currents, and continuous for some distance along the coast. It is characterized by subparallel beach ridges and swales, in places with associated dunes.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 146

Stratigraphic section
type: Concept
broader: Geologic unit
definition: Sampled feature is a sequence of sedimentary (and possibly volcanic) layers deposited in a sequence in a particular region.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 061

Subaerial canyon
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Canyon
definition: A canyon that is open to the Earth's atmosphere
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 024

Subaerial escarpment
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Escarpment
definition: An escarpment that is on the land surface, open to the atmosphere.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 050

Subaqueous bar
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaqueous setting
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 156

Subaqueous setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: based on North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/,
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting situated in or under permanent, standing water. Used for marine and lacustrine settings, but not for fluvial settings.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lake river, or stream bottom
narrower: Interdistributary bay
narrower: Intertidal setting
narrower: Lacustrine setting
narrower: Marine setting
narrower: Prodelta setting
narrower: Subaqueous bar
narrower: Tidal channel
notation: 225

Subduction zone
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Plate margin
definition: Tectonic setting at which a tectonic plate, usually oceanic, is moving down into the mantle beneath another overriding plate.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 125

Subglacial setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Glacier environment
definition: Formed or accumulated in or by the bottom parts of a glacier or ice sheet, said of meltwater streams, till, moraine, etc.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 232

Submarine bank
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_bank
broader: Marine setting
definition: a part of the seabed that is shallow compared to its surrounding area.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 091

Submarine canyon
type: Concept
source: IMLGS sampled feature
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Canyon
definition: A canyon that is cut in the ocean floor.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 025

Submarine channel
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: split IMLGS submarine canyon or channel into separate concepts
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Channel
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 026

Submarine escarpment
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Escarpment
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 051

Submarine fan
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Marine water body bottom
broader: Marine setting
definition: Large fan-shaped cones of sediment on the ocean floor, generally associated with submarine canyons that provide sediment supply to build the fan..
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 092

Submarine ridge
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Ocean highland
broader: Ridge
definition: A ridge on the ocean floor
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Active ocean ridge
narrower: Inactive spreading center
narrower: Ocean ridge crest
narrower: Ocean ridge flank
notation: 128
note: Most submarine ridges are associated with active or abandoned spreading centers at divergent margins between ocean plates.

Submarine vent
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Active ocean ridge
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 013

Supraglacial setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team, 2004, Sedimentary materials:science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/sltt/appendixC/
broader: Glacier environment
definition: Carried upon, deposited from, or pertaining to the top surface of a glacier or ice sheet, said of meltwater streams, till, drift, etc. (Jackson, 1997, p. 639). Dreimanis (1988, p. 39) recommendation that \supraglacial\ supersede \superglacial\ is followed.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 233

Supratidal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Shoreline
definition: Pertaining to the shore area marginal to the littoral zone, just above high-tide level
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 147

Swamp or marsh
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al 2005, Soil Science Society of America, 1997.
broader: Wetland
definition: A water-saturated, periodically wet or continually flooded area with the surface not deeply submerged, essentially without the formation of peat. Marshes are characterized by sedges, cattails, rushes, or other aquatic and grasslike vegetation. Swamps are characterized by tree and brush vegetation.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Tidal marsh
notation: 187

Tectonically defined setting
type: Concept
source: <http://resource.geosciml.org/classifierscheme/cgi/2016.01/eventenvironment>
broader: Earth environment
definition: Setting defined by relationships to tectonic plates on or in the Earth.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Back arc setting
narrower: Collisional setting
narrower: Crustal setting
narrower: Extended terrane
narrower: Foreland setting
narrower: Hinterland tectonic setting
narrower: Hot spot
narrower: Intraplate tectonic setting
narrower: Mantle
narrower: Passive continental margin
narrower: Plate margin
narrower: Plate spreading center
narrower: Rift zone
narrower: Plate triple junction
notation: 200

Terrace
type: Concept
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005, Glossary of Geology
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Subaerial surface environment
definition: a long, narrow, relatively flat surface, bounded on one side by a descending slope and on the other by an ascending slope, defining a bench like feature in the Earth surface.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 246
note: Terraces normally occur along the margin and above the water level of a water body, marking a previous water-level. Common along rivers, intermittent drainages in alluvial fans, and along coast lines.

Terrestrial setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting characterized by absence of direct marine influence. Most of the subaerial settings are also terrestrial, but e.g. lacustrine settings, while terrestrial, are not subaerial.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Bog
narrower: Drainage basin
narrower: Eolian process setting
narrower: Gibber plain
narrower: Glacial outwash plain
narrower: Lacustrine setting
narrower: Piedmont slope
narrower: Playa
narrower: River system
narrower: Sand plain
narrower: Upper delta plain
notation: 226

Thrust sheet
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
definition: A body of rock bounded at its base by a thrust fault, and bounded above by the Earth surface or a different thrust fault.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 062

Tidal channel
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Channel
broader: Subaqueous setting
broader: Tidal setting
definition: A major channel followed by the tidal currents, extending from offshore into a tidal marsh or a tidal flat.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 157

Tidal flat
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Subaerial surface environment
broader: Tidal setting
definition: An extensive, nearly horizontal, barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Tidal marsh
notation: 180

Tidal marsh
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Swamp or marsh
broader: Tidal flat
definition: A marsh bordering a coast (as in a shallow lagoon or sheltered bay), formed of mud and of the resistant mat of roots of salt-tolerant plants, and regularly inundated during high tides, a marshy tidal flat.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 179

Tidal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Shoreline
definition: Setting subject to tidal processes
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Intertidal setting
narrower: Lower delta plain
narrower: Tidal channel
narrower: Tidal flat
notation: 148

Transform plate boundary
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: This vocabulary
broader: Plate margin
definition: Plate boundary at which the adjacent plates are moving laterally relative to each other.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 126

Transitional crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Crustal setting
definition: Crust formed in the transition zone between continental and oceanic crust, during the history of continental rifting that culminates in the formation of a new ocean.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 034

Plate triple junction
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Tectonically defined setting
definition: a setting characterized by interaction of three tectonic plates.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 172

Ultra high pressure crustal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth interior
definition: Setting characterized by pressures characteristic of upper mantle, but indicated by mineral assemblage in crustal composition rocks.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 212

Underground working
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Anthropogenic environment
definition: Human made underground tunnel or other space. Include natural caves utilized for human occupation
notation: 261

upper bathyal setting
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Berggren, W.A. & Miller, K.G., 1989. Cenozoic bathyal and abyssal calcareous benthic foraminiferal zonation. Micropalaeontology 35, 308-320
broader: Bathyal setting
definition: The ocean environment at water depths between 200 and 600 metres
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 017

Upper continental crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Continental crust
definition: Continental crustal setting dominated by non metamorphosed to low greenschist facies metamorphic rocks, and brittle deformation.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 030

Upper delta plain
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Readingh.G. & Collinson, J.D., 1996. Clastic coasts. 154-231 in Readingh.G. (ed.), Sedimentary Environments: Processses, Facies and Stratigraphy, third edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford
broader: Delta plain
definition: The part of a delta plain essentially unaffected by basinal processes. They do not differ substantially from alluvial environments except that areas of swamp, marsh and lakes are usually more widespread and channels may bifurcate downstream
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 039

Upper mantle
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: Neuendorf et al., 2005
broader: Mantle
definition: That part of the mantle which lies above a depth of about 660 km and has a density of 3.4 g/cm3 to 4.0 g/cm3 with increasing depth. Similarly, P-wave velocity increases from about 8 to 11 km/sec with depth and S wave velocity increases from about 4.5 to 6 km/sec with depth. It is presumed to be peridotitic in composition. It includes the subcrustal lithosphere the asthenosphere and the transition zone,
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 077

Upper ocean crust
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Ocean crust
definition: Oceanic crustal setting dominated by extrusive rocks, abyssal oceanic sediment, with increasing mafic intrusive rock in lower part.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 095

Urban setting
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area
broader: Active human occupation site
definition: a densely populated area with many human-made structures; a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 190

Valley
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Physiographic feature
definition: a relatively flat area bounded by hills or mountains
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 117
note: Typically elongated, with a river or stream draing the area. Formed by river or glacier erosion, or by faulting.

Volcanic arc
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
source: 1-GE WP3, Neuendorf et al.(2005), p. 710
broader: Plate margin
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: A generally curvillinear belt of volcanoes above a subduction zone.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Continental volcanic arc
narrower: Island arc
notation: 184

Volcanic complex
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
broader: Igneous system
definition: A geologic unit consisting of extrusive igneous rocks, with associated pyroclastic rocks, tuffite, and subvolcanic instrusive rocks.
notation: 264

Volcanic island
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Island
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: Island formed by volcanic eruptions. Might have shoreline biogenic reefs.
notation: 259
note: Essentially a seamount that emerges above sea (or lake...) level

Volcanic setting
type: Concept
source: sessf:sfvocabulary
broader: Igneous system
definition: Features related to the eruption of lava near, at, or above the earth surface. Might include atmospheric products of volcanic eruption, in terrestrial, lacustrine, or marine environments, related hypabyssal intrusions or hydrothermal systems.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Lava flow
narrower: Volcanic arc
narrower: Volcano
notation: 068
related: volcanic arc setting

Volcano
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Earth surface
broader: Volcanic setting
definition: A physiographic feature formed by eruption of magma from one or a small set of vents or fissures; typically thought to be associated with a single magmatic system
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 185
related: Seamount
related: Volcanic island
related match: ENVO_00000247

Wetland
type: Concept
source: eventenvironment
broader: Earth surface
definition: Setting characterized by gentle surface slope, and at least intermittent presence of standing water, which may be fresh, brackish, or saline. Wetland may be terrestrial setting or shoreline setting.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
narrower: Bog
narrower: Swamp or marsh
notation: 227

Xenolith
type: Concept
source: SESAR legacy localities
broader: Geologic unit
definition: small rock body contained within an igneous host rock body.
in scheme: SESAR sampled feature extension
notation: 063