Sampling Method
Geoscience Australia
airfall dust collector
Sample of fine-grained solid material that is passively collected by airfall from the atmosphere.
airlift
Compressed air is used to extract groundwater
artesian flow
Groundwater sample obtained from flowing artesian bore
auger
Specimens collected by hand or mechanical auger which enable samples to be taken at intervals down profile. For example regolith, soil or sediment.
bailer
Bailer is a hollow tube used to retrieve groundwater samples from monitoring wells. A bailer is tied to a piece of rope or wire and lowered into the water column to collect a sample.
dredge benthic
Seabed sampling taken over a small area seaward of the continental shelf. Sample of the upper few cm of rocky sea floor particularly for biota.
borehole DST test
drill stem test
A sample is collected during drilling by a test using a hydrostatic head to measure the formation pressures and to bring the formation fluids to the surface. The test can provide information for determination of potential petroleum producing formations and their exact depth.
borehole fluid sampling
Sampling of fluids (oil, gas, or water) from a borehole by an unspecified method.
borehole logging tool
Observation of measurement of physical properties down a borehole by an instrument in a continuous linear format. (e.g. a gamma log)
borehole PROD test
well production test
A borehole sampling test similar to DST test, but on a larger scale and under the production conditions after the well completion is conducted.
borehole WFT test
wireline formation test
A sample is taken from a borehole with a wireline formation tester by inserting a probe into a well wall to withdraw a small amount of formation fluid and to measure the formation pore pressure. This measurement can provide formation pressures along the well hole, thereby giving a measure of pressure with depth or along a horizontal borehole.
bottle incubation
A method to derive the oxygen consumption rate/respiration rates of organic matter conducted in a bottle or vial under controlled light and temperature conditions.
bottle incubation dark
bottle incubation light
National Groundwater Information System (NGIS)
cable tool drilling
A percussion drilling method that uses a heavy drilling tool that is raised and lowered with enough force to pulverise the rock, with the debris removed by a bailer.
camera
The process of capturing a still image or moving scene of a feature by a video or still photographic camera
dredge chain bag
Sampling of large rocks from the sea floor using a chain bag
chamber incubation
A method that isolates sediment and overlying water in a benthic chamber. Water samples are collected from the benthic chamber during the incubation.
chamber incubation dark
A in situ method that isolates sediment and overlying water in a dark benthic chamber. Incubation water samples are collected from the benthic chamber during the incubation. The dark chamber restricts light penetration and therefore stops the process of photosynthesis. This enables benthic respiration to be measured.
chamber incubation light
A in situ method that isolates sediment and overlying water in a light benthic chamber. Incubation water samples are collected from the benthic chamber during the incubation. The transparent walls of the chamber allow light penetration and enables benthic respiration and photosynthesis to be measured.
core air
Rock or sediment core derived from a dry, air-cooled diamond drilling method.
core box
A method that obtains a large volume or large surface area core with shallow penetration and minimum disturbance. Commonly uses a double spade system.
core catcher
A method by which a specimen of sediment is collected from the end of the core in the core catcher. The core catcher has curved finger-like projections that extend down to the lowest part of the core liner. The core catcher helps keep the sediment in the core liner when the core is being removed from the surface.
core conventional
Core drilling using diamond or tungsten carbide bit using a core barrel with fibreglass inner sleeves. Used in the oil industry.
core cutter
A method by which a specimen of sediment is collected from the lowest part of a coring assembly at the core cutter. The core cutter has sharp edges which cut and shape the sediment entering the core liner as the corer goes into the sediment.
core diamond
Rock or sediment core drilling using a liquid-cooled, diamond or tungsten carbide bit.
core drilling
Sampling of a core of earth material by an unspecified drilling method
core drilling, unspecified
core geoprobe
High quality core extracted by hydraulic power. Used in rough terrain, soft sand, mud, shallow water, or tight, congested areas. Long high quality cores.
core gravity
Used only where short cores are required. Core barrel is gravity forced. Near surface high quality core.
core incubation dark
A method whereby a sediment core is collected along with overlying water. The sediment and water are incubated under no light and controlled temperature conditions.
core incubation light
A method whereby a sediment core is collected along with overlying water. The sediment and water are incubated under controlled light and temperature conditions.
core Kasten
Large volume, reletatively undisturbed sediment core (~3m long) from a Kasten Corer. The corer is constructed of stainless steel and is square in cross-section. A weight of several hundred kilograms on top of the corer pushes it 2-3 metres into the seabed. It is designed for sedimentological and geochemical sampling of fine-grained sediments. This type of corer obtains relatively undisturbed cores and can preserve the sediment/water interface. This type of core is useful for determining sediment accumulation rates.
core Mackereth
The Mackereth is a complex coring system utilizing compressed gas to penetrate and recover single-drive moderate (up to 12 m) cores from lakes of diverse depths. Mackereth cores can be deployed on virutally any small craft and and can be used in water depths up to 80 m.
core piston
Uses a piston to drive the core barrel. High quality long cores.
core press
Pore water is extracted from core material under pressure.
core push
A pipe that is pushed into the sediment to gain a core that is no longer than 2m long. Can be used in up to 5m of water. Core pipe has a valve on top that is used to create a vacuum at the top of the core when pulling the core out of the sediment.
core ROV
A core drilled from a remotely operated vehicle
core sonic
Similar to the vibro-core technique, the drill stem and barrel are vibrated vertically at frequencies between 50Hz and 180Hz such that the sampler barrel advances by slicing through the regolith.
core spike
A core of surficial material taken by driving a spike into the ground.
core vibro
vibracore
vibrocore
A core tube is attached to a source of mechanical vibration (the power head) and lowered into sediment. The vibrations provide energy for rearranging the particles within the sediment in such a way that the coretube penetrates under the static weight of the vibracoring apparatus. Samples include stiff and stony clays, soft rock and sands, and saturated sediments which can not be sampled using gravity or piston corers. Also know as VIBRA.
current meter
A mooring deployed on the seabed for a finite time during a marine survey to measure sea-levels and current velocities near to the seafloor. Moorings may contain a suite of instruments measuring other parameters.
dredge diamantina
Used as a spot dredge to quickly ascertain sea bed geology. Samples give the seabed character unless it is deep when any mud is washed out during retrieval. In shallow water this dredge will return rock, mud, benthic samples and any thing else that is on the bottom.
dredge
Sampling of either benthic or pelagic material using a dredge method.
drilling
Sampling by a hole drilled into the Earth by any method
electric submersible pump
Water is collected by pumping using an electric submersible pump
epibenthic sled
sled benthic
A method designed to collect benthic and benthopelagic faunas from the deep sea. The sled is made from a steel frame consisting of two skids and stabilizing planes to keep it from sinking too deep into the mud.
field mapping survey
A mapping survey undertaken in a land environment. May include observations and/or sampling.
filtered dust collector
Sample of fine-grained solid material that is actively collected from the atmosphere by pumping and filtration.
filtration
Separation of undissolved sediment and biological particles collected from a water column by filtration. For total dissolved solids measurements the sample is filtered through a glass fibre filter under controlled conditions. The type of filter is dependent on the method used and the purpose of the determination.
water body bottom grab
Specimens gathered from the bed of a water body by a mechanical grab primarily for lithogical and petrographical analyses.
grab
grab Eckman
The Eckman Bottom Grab sampler is designed for sampling in soft bottomed lakes and rivers composed of muck, mud or fine peat
grab ROV
A grad sampling method mounted on a remotely operated vehicle.
grab Shipek
Near surface unconsolidated marine sediment sample taken using the Shipek Method.
grab Smith Mcintyre
Near surface sediment grab sample. Sample has a surface area of 0.1m2. It is useful for quantitative macrobenthos sampling in either shallow or deep water.
grab Van Veen
Quantitative sample of the sediment. Van Veen grab has long arms for levering the clam shell scoop.
grainsize separation
seive
Separation of various size fractions of mineral or rock particles from the original specimen. For example, by using a seive.
helical coil pump
Water is collected by pumping using a helical coil pump
in situ grab sampler
A point souce bailer that has a check valve at each end of the bailer allowing sample collection from a discrete depth
jet pump
Water is collected by pumping using a jet pump
liquid-gas separation
Separation of natural gas from a liquid phase at a surface separator.
low flow pump
Groundwater sample collected while flow is low
marine survey
A mapping survey undertaken in a marine environment. May include observations and/or sampling.
marine survey sampling
Collection of materials from a marine or coastal survey by any method.
Niskin Bottle
Surface water/seawater collection. A device for collection of water samples from a specific depth in the water column.
outcrop sampling
Collection of material from a rock outcrop or subcrop at the ground surface, typically using a hammer, or feathers and wedges.
percussion drilling
Rock or sediment chips or fragments derived from a percussion (hammer) method.
dredge pipe
Sampling of small fragments and mud from the sea floor, using a metal pipe linked to the tow cable. Total weight of the dredge is around 25kg.
pit or trench sampling
costean
Collection of materials, typically regolith, near the ground surface from a pit, trench, or costean dug by spade or other mechanical means (not drilling).
plantobenthic sampler
Mounted Assembly for Planktobenthic Sampling (MAPS)
Mounted Assembly for Planktobenthic Sampling (MAPS) - a trilayered net with a seafloor-triggered opening and closing mechanism attached to an epibenthic sled
pump jack
Water is collected by pumping using a pump jack
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RAB drilling
rotary air blast drilling
RAB, rotary air blast, or Down-the-hole drilling. Rock or sediment chips or fragments are derived from a percussion drilling method where the cuttings are blown up the outside of the rods and collected at surface, using air or a combination of air and foam lift the cuttings.
rain gauge
Rainwater is collected using an approved rain gauge/collector method.
reverse circulation drilling
A drilling technique similar to rotary drilling except that drilling fluid flow down the annular space between the drilling stem and the wall of the hole forcing cuttings up through the inside of the drill stem .
rotary drilling
A drilling method using a drill stem equipped with a bit that is rotated to cut and grind the rock with a fluid pumped down the stem to force cuttings up through the annular space between the stem and the wall of the hole
rotary hammer drilling
hammer drilling
A percussion drilling method using a cutting tool powered by compressed air that creates a rapid percussion effect coupled with rotary action to drill hard rocks.
sediment trap
Sediment traps are containers placed in the water column to collect particles falling toward the sea floor. The traps collect tiny sediment or larger accumulations called marine snow - made up of organic matter, dead sea creatures, tiny shells, dust and minerals.
sidewall core
A method to extract core or plug from the sidewall of a borehole.
sidewall core, bullet
Percussion cores are taken by firing hollow bullets into the formation. The bullets are attached to the tool by fasteners, and are retrieved, along with the core inside, by pulling up the tool and the fasteners. Percussion coring tools typically hold 20 to 30 bullets, but two or three tools can be combined on one run in the hole.
sidewall core, mechanical
Mechanical tools use hollow rotary drills to cut and then pull out core plugs. Up to 75 plugs can be recovered on one run. With full recovery, cores from typical percussion tools are 1 in. [2.5 cm] in diameter by 1 3/4 in. [4.4 cm] long, while those from mechanical tools are 0.91 in. [2.3 cm] in diameter by 2 in. [5 cm] long. The latter are also known as rotary sidewall cores.
sonde
probe
A sonde (French for probe) is a water quality monitoring instrument, that may be stationary or may move up and down a water column, measuring, but not limited to, the following water attributes; temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, light, flourescence and depth. This includes CTDs, light meters or any other probes. They may be lowered through the water column by hand, or mechanically (e.g. by a winch), and measurements can be taken continuously or at discrete depth intervals. The probes may be attached to a frame (e.g. a CTD frame) with other instruments (e.g. niskin bottles, cameras), or they may be stand-alone probes attached to a meter by a cable.
surface material sampling
Collection of earth materials at the ground surface on land.
undergound mine sampling
Collection of material from a rock outcrop exposed beneath the ground surface (eg, a mine), typically using a hammer.
unknown
The sampling method is unknown.
water pump
Water is collected by pumping
water sampling
Any method used to sample water.
windmill
Water is collected by pumping from a water bore using a windmill