# Electronics **One rule:** if the electronics are solid, everything else is artistic. ## Architecture CR2032 → holder with cover and switch → 2 straight copper rails (+ on top, − on bottom) → 3 LEDs (2 white + 1 color). Everything sits on the **bottom face** of the base plate, inside the exhaust diffuser. Panels and nose cone carry no electrical connections. ## Rules - Rails are 54 × 5 mm with an **8 mm** gap; extra tape pieces are 6 mm max (short-circuit prevention). - LED legs: long (+) on the top rail, short (−) on the bottom rail. The leg lies flat on the rail and a short piece of copper tape goes on top (**sandwich joint**). - The copper tape adhesive must be **conductive**: check with a multimeter from adhesive side to top side. - If resistors are needed, assistants pre-solder them, not students. Values are set by testing; white/blue LEDs may be brighter without resistors on a CR2032. - The internal resistance of a CR2032 limits short-circuit current; if switching to stronger cells (AAA), add a resettable fuse. ## Acceptance test 1. Open-circuit and loaded voltage on a fresh cell 2. Series current for each LED type 3. Cell voltage and brightness after 1 hour 4. All three LEDs visible from 3 m in a dark room 5. Switch cycled 100 times 6. 10 different people build the same circuit: **10/10 must work** ## Troubleshooting order Battery → Switch → LED direction → Tape contact → Leg contact