COPYRIGHT © 2015-2020 CUBRC, Inc.
All eleven of the Common Core mid-level ontologies, along with BFO and the subset of RO used in CCO, merged into one file. Provided for use-cases where one file representing a specific release of CCO that includes all content of its import dependencies is desirable to use over the set of individual files and imports.
Merged All Core Ontology
Version 1.3
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
BFO CLIF specification label
editor preferred term
example of usage
definition
editor note
term editor
alternative term
definition source
curator note
imported from
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
has axiom label
An Alternative Label that is officially accepted for use in the International System of Units (SI) as denoting a Measurement Unit.
SI unit label
An Acronym that is officially accepted for use in the International System of Units (SI) as denoting a Measurement Unit.
SI unit symbol
An Alternative Label that consists of a shortened or abbreviated form of the rdfs:label and is used to denote the entity.
acronym
A term or phrase that may be used in place of the stated rdfs:label to denote the entity in question.
alternative label
The name and description of the license under which the .owl file is released.
code license
The name and description of the license under which the ideas, concepts and other informational content expressed in the .owl file are released.
content license
An assertion of copyright
copyright
A natural language explication of the meaning of the term.
A citation of where all or some of the information used to create the term's Definition was acquired from.
A name or other identifier that is used to designate an individual.
designator annotation
An Acronym that is used by a Doctrinal Source to denote the entity.
doctrinal acronym
A Definition that is taken directly from a Doctrinal Source.
There is only one definition for any given term in an ontology; however, a Doctrinal Definition may be provided in addition to the asserted Definition if the preservation of this information is important. When both a Definition and a Doctrinal Definition are provided for a term, the Definition takes precedence.
doctrinal definition
An Alternative Label that consists of the preferred term or phrase used by a Doctrinal Source to denote the entity.
When the cco:doctrinal_label is identical to the rdfs:label, the cco:doctrinal_label annotation is superfluous. As a subclass of 'alternative label', 'doctrinal label' is intended to be used to provide additional information about the entity when its preferred doctrinal designator is ambiguous or otherwise inappropriate for use as the rdfs:label.
doctrinal label
A Definition Source that consists of a formalized doctrine in which the term is authoritatively defined.
doctrinal source
A clarification or further explanation of a term beyond what is included in the Definition or which is used when the term is primitive such that no non-circular definition can be given for it.
A phrase, sentence or set of terms intended to convey the conventional usage of the term.
A relation between an information content entity and a widely used measurement unit of the token used to express it.
has token unit
The text of an HTTP request that can be sent to a SPARQL Protocol service.
http query string
A interval measurement value of an instance of a quality, realizable or process profile
interval measurement annotation
An annotation property that links a class, property, or named individual to the URI of the ontology where it is located.
is curated in ontology
A relation between an information content entity and a widely used token used to express it.
is tokenized by
A measurement value of an instance of a quality, reazlizable or process profile
measurement annotation
A nominal measurement value of an instance of a quality, realizable or process profile
nominal measurement annotation
An ordinal measurement value of an instance of a quality, realizable or process profile
ordinal measurement annotation
The text of a query that is associated with a class
query text
A ratio measurement value of an instance of a quality, realizable or process profile
ratio measurement annotation
The name of the Term Editor who added the term to the ontology.
term creator
The name of a person who contributed to the development or enhancement of the term.
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
occurs in
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs_in
unfolds in
unfolds_in
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
site of
[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant
contains process
inheres in
this fragility inheres in this vase
this red color inheres in this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists.
inheres_in
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
concretizes
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function_of
is function of
function of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
is quality of
quality_of
quality of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
is role of
role_of
role of
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
has_function
has function
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
has_quality
has quality
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
disposition of
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives_from
This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations.
derives from
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
derives_into
derives into
is location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime
location_of
location of
contained in
Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved.
Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):
Intended meaning: domain: material entity range: spatial region or site (immaterial continuant)
contained_in
contains
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
located_in
the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body
a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity
A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts.
Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape.
2D_boundary_of
boundary of
is 2D boundary of
is boundary of
2D boundary of
my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin
a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity
has boundary
has_2D_boundary
has 2D boundary
An organism that is a member of a population of organisms
is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection.
member of
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
has member
Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA.
The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel.
The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board.
The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score.
This pdf file generically depends on this server.
A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*.
Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information.
This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy.
This hard drive is carrier of these data items.
*b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t*
is carrier of
y is_accessory_in x iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x.
accessory in
An agent a1 is accomplice_in some Processual Entity p1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1.
accomplice in
p affects c iff p is an instance of a Process and c is an instance of a Continuant, such that p influences c in some manner, most often by producing a change in c.
affects
x agent_in y iff y is an instance of Process and x is an instance of Agent, such that x is causally active in y.
agent in
x aggregate_bearer_of y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer of y, and all other members of x are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as y.
aggregate bearer of
x aggregate_has_capability y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x is aggregate bearer of y.
aggregate has capability
x aggregate_has_disposition y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Disposition, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
aggregate has disposition
x aggregate_has_quality y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Quality, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
aggregate has quality
x aggregate_has_role y iff x is an instance of Object Aggregate and y is an instance of Role, such that x aggregate_bearer_of y.
aggregate has role
x capability_of y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in y.
capability of
x capability_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x inheres in aggregate y.
capability of aggregate
x caused_by y iff x and y are instances of occurrents, and x is a consequence of y.
caused by
An immaterial entity im1 coincides with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and im2 is a spatial part of im1.
coincides with
c condition_described_by p iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p.
condition described by
An immaterial entity im1 is connected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there exists some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2.
connected with
An instance of Geopolitical Entity gpe1 delimits some Organization o1 iff gpe1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate.
delimits
x described_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity, and x is an instance of Entity, such that y is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized.
described by
x describes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of Entity, such that x is about the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized.
the content of a newspaper article describes some current event
the content of a visitor's log describes some facility visit
the content of an accident report describes some accident
It is possible that this relation should be a functional property, that is for all x, y, z if x describes y and x describes z then y = z. For example, if a financial report x describes the quarterly results of a company y and that same financial report describes the quarterly results of a company z, then it should be inferred that companies y and z are the same. We refrained from classifying the relation as a functional property on the concern that descriptions are multifaceted and so consequently it may be that the same report would contain descriptions of multiple entities.
describes
p describes_condition c iff p is an instance of a Performance Specification, and p has part d, and d is an instance of a Descriptive Information Content Entity, and p prescribes an entity s, and d describes c, and c is an entity that is causally relevant to s existing as prescribed by p.
describes condition
x designated_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that given some context, y uniquely distinguishes x from other entities.
designated by
x designates y iff x is an instance of an Information Content Entity, and y is an instance of an Entity, such that given some context, x uniquely distinguishes y from other entities.
a URL designates the location of a Web Page on the internet
a vehicle identification number designates some vehicle
designates
An immaterial entity im1 is disconnected with some immaterial entity im2 iff there does not exist some immaterial entity im3 that is common to both im1 and im2.
disconnected with
x disposition_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Disposition, such that x disposition_of_aggregate y.
disposition of aggregate
An immaterial entity im1 externally connects with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 connects with im2 and im1 does not overlap with im2.
externally connects with
x has_accessory y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y assists another agent in the commission of x, and y was not located at the location of x when x occurred, and y was not an agent_in x.
has accessory
An Processual Entity p1 has_accomplice some agent a1 iff a1 assists in the commission of p1, is located at the location of p1, but is not agent_in p1.
has accomplice
x is_affiliated_with y iff x and y are instances of Agent, such that they have any kind of social or business relationship.
has affiliate
x has_agent y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Agent, such that y is causally active in x.
has agent
has aunt
has brother
has brother in law
x has_capability y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Agent Capability, such that x bearer of y.
has capability
has daughter
has daughter in law
For Temporal Interval t1 and Temporal Instant t2, t1 has ending instant t2 if and only if no Temporal Instant t3 that is part of t1 is after t2.
has ending instant
A relationship between persons by virtue of ancestry or legal union.
has familial relationship to
has father
has father in law
has granddaughter
has grandfather
has grandmother
has grandson
has half brother
has half sister
has husband
y has_input x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the begining of y is a necessary condition for the start of y.
has input
For Temporal Interval t1 and Temporal Instant t2, t1 has inside instant t2 if and only if there exists Temporal Instants t3 and t4 that are part of t1 and non-identical with t2, such that t3 is before t2 and t4 is after t2.
has inside instant
A Temporal Interval INT2 has inside interval some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4.
has inside interval
has maternal aunt
has maternal first cousin
has maternal grandfather
has maternal grandmother
has maternal uncle
An instance of an Object Aggregate 'has member of located in' an instance of some material entity if and only if every member of that Aggregate is located in the same instance of that material entity.
has member of located in
has mother
has mother in law
has nephew
has niece
x has_nontangential_part y iff x and y are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that there does not exist another instance of an Immaterial Entity which externally connects with both x and y.
has nontangential part
If p is a process and c is a continuant, then p has object c if and only if the c is part of the projected state that the agent intends to achieve by performing p.
has object
x has_organizational_context y iff y is an instance of an Organization and x is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with y is a prerequisite for z bearing x or y ascribes x to the bearer of x.
has organizational context
y has_output x iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y.
has output
has parent
has paternal aunt
has paternal first cousin
has paternal grandfather
has paternal grandmother
has paternal uncle
x has_process_part y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that y occurs during the temporal interval of x, and y either provides an input to x or receives an output of x, or both.
has process part
x has_recipient y iff y is an instance of Agent and x is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that y is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in x.
has recipient
y has_sender x iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
has sender
has sister
has sister in law
has son
has son in law
y has_spatial_part x iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x.
has spatial part
For Temporal Interval t1 and Temporal Instant t2, t1 has starting instant t2 if and only if no temporal instant t3 that is part of t1 is before t2.
has starting instant
has step brother
has step sister
For all x,y,t: x has subordinate role y at t iff: x is an instance of bfo:BFO_0000023 (Role) at time t, and y is an instance of bfo:BFO_0000023 (Role) at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Act which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is an Action Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y.
has subordinate role
An Organization o1 has_subsidiary Organization o2 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies.
has subsidiary
x has_tangential_part y iff x, y, and z are instances of Immaterial Entity, and x has_spatial_part y, such that z externally connects with both x and y.
has tangential part
has uncle
has wife
x inheres_in_aggregate y iff x is an instance of Specifically Dependent Continuant and y is an instance of Object Aggregate and z is an instance of Object, such that z bearer_of x, and all other members of y are bearers of a unique instance of the same type as x.
inheres in aggregate
A temporal instant t2 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is after another temporal instant t1 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1.
'instant is after' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t2 is after some temporal instant t1 if and only if t1 precedes t2.
instant is after
A temporal instant t1 (a instance of a zero-dimensional temporal region) is before another temporal instant t2 iff there exists some instance of a temporal interval ti1 such that t1 is the starting instant of ti1 and t2 is the ending instant of ti1.
'instant is before' is a primitive relationship. Informally, a temporal instant t1 is before some temporal instant t2 if and only if t1 precedes t2.
instant is before
A Temporal Interval INT1 is contained by some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, inst2 is before or identical to inst4, and it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4.
interval contained by
A Temporal Interval INT2 contains some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before or identical to inst1, and inst2 is before or identical to inst4, but it is not the case that both inst3 is identical to inst1 and inst2 is identical to inst4.
interval contains
A Temporal Interval INT1 is disjoint with a Temporal Interval INT2 iff INT1 is before or meets INT2 OR INT2 is before or meets INT1. In other words, INT1 and INT2 are disjoint iff INT1 and INT2 do not overlap, contain, or equal one another.
interval disjoint
A Temporal Interval INT1 is during some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, and inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst3 is before inst1, and inst2 is before inst4.
interval during
A Temporal Interval INT1 is equal to some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1 and inst2 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2 and inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2.
interval equals
A Temporal Interval INT2 is finished by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1.
interval finished by
A Temporal Interval INT1 finishes some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst 1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, and inst3 is before inst1.
interval finishes
A TemporalInterval INT2 is after some TemporalInterval INT1 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst2, inst1 such that inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is after inst1.
interval is after
A TemporalInterval INT1 is before some TemporalInterval INT2 iff there exists TemporalInstants inst1, inst2 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst2 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is before inst2.
interval is before
A Temporal Interval INT1 meets some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the ending instant of INT1 and inst1 is the starting instant of INT2.
interval meets
A Temporal Interval INT2 is met by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exists some Temporal Instant inst1 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT2 and inst1 is the ending instant of INT1.
interval met by
A Temporal Interval INT2 is overlapped by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4.
interval overlapped by
A Temporal Interval INT1 overlaps some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, inst3, inst4 such that inst1 is the starting instant of INT1, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the starting instant of INT2, inst4 is the ending instant of INT2, inst1 is before inst3, inst3 is before inst2, and inst2 is before inst4.
interval overlaps
A Temporal Interval INT2 is started by some Temporal Interval INT1 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3.
interval started by
A Temporal Interval INT1 starts some Temporal Interval INT2 iff there exist Temporal Instants inst1, inst2, and inst3 such that inst1 is the starting instant of both INT1 and INT2, inst2 is the ending instant of INT1, inst3 is the ending instant of INT2 and inst2 is before inst3.
interval starts
x is_a_interval_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured.
a measurement of air temperature on the Celsius scale.
is a interval measurement of
x is_a_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme.
This object property, as well as all of its children are typified as functional properties. This means that for instances x, y, and z if x is a measurement of y and x is a measurement of z, then y = z.
is a measurement of
x is_a_nominal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
is a nominal measurement of
x is_a_ordinal_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank.
is a ordinal measurement of
x is_a_ratio_measurement_of y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
is a ratio measurement of
A primitive relationship between an Information Content Entity and some Entity.
is about
c is_affected_by p iff p is an instance of a Process and c is an instance of a Continuant, such that p influences c in some manner, most often by producing a change in c.
is affected by
is affiliated with
is ancestor of
is aunt of
is brother-in-law of
is brother of
x is_cause_of y iff x and y are instances of occurrents, and y is a consequence of x.
is cause of
is child of
is daughter in-law of
is daughter of
An instance of Organization o1 is_delimited_by some Geopolitical Entity gpe1 iff gpe1 is the area within which o1 can legally operate.
is delimited by
is descendent of
For Temporal Instant t1 and Temporal Interval t2, t1 is ending instant of t2 if and only if no Temporal Instant t3 that is part of t2 is after t1.
is ending instant of
An Information Bearing Entity b1 is excerpted from another Information Bearing Entity B2 iff b1 is part of some Information Bearing Entity B1 that is carrier of some Information Content Entity C1, B2 is carrier of some Information Content Entity C2, C1 is not identical with C2, b1 is carrier of some Information Content Entity c1, b2 is an Information Bearing Entity that is part of B2 and b2 is carrier of c1 (i.e. the same Information Content Entity as borne by b1).
is excerpted from
is father in-law of
is father of
is first cousin of
x is_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is geospatial coordinate reference system of
is grandchild of
is granddaughter of
is grandfather of
is grandmother of
is grandparent of
is grandson of
is half-brother of
is half-sibling of
is half sister of
is husband of
is in-law of
x is_input_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the begining of y is a necessary condition for the start of y.
is input of
For Temporal Instant t1 and Temporal Interval t2, t1 is inside instant of t2 if and only if there are Temporal Instants t3 and t4 non-identical to t1 and part of t2 such that t3 is before t1 and t4 is after t1.
is inside instant of
An object o is made of an object m when m is the material that o consists of and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o
is made of
An object m is material of an object o when m is the material of which o consists and that material does not undergo a change of kind during the creation of o
is material of
is maternal aunt of
Person A is maternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has mother M and M has sibling P and P is parent of Person A.
Comment is_maternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of
is maternal first cousin of
is maternal grandfather of
is maternal grandmother of
is maternal uncle of
y is_measured_by x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to some scale or classification scheme.
is measured by
y is_measured_by_interval x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale which has uniform intervals but has a zero value that does not correspond to an absence of the attribute being measured.
is measured by interval
y is_measured_by_nominal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x classifies y relative to some set of shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristics.
is measured by nominal
y is_measured_by_ordinal x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale ordered by rank.
is measured by ordinal
y is_measured_by_ratio x iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x describes some attribute of y relative to a scale having equal unit values and a zero value that corresponds to the absence of the attribute being measured.
is measured by ratio
x is_measurement_unit_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
is measurement unit of
x is_mention_of y iff x is an instance Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance Entity, such that x is used as a reference to y.
is mention of
y is_mention_by x iff x is an instance Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance Entity, such that x is used as a reference to y.
is mentioned by
is mother in-law of
is mother of
is nephew of
is niece of
If p is a process and c is a continuant, then c is object of p if and only if the c is part of the projected state that the agent intends to achieve by performing p.
is object of
x is_organizational_context_of y iff x is an instance of an Organization and y is an instance of a Role and z is an instance of a Person, such that z's affiliation with x is a prerequisite for z bearing y, or x ascribes y to the bearer of y.
is organizational context of
x is_output_of y iff x is an instance of Continuant and y is an instance of Process, such that the presence of x at the end of y is a necessary condition for the completion of y.
is output of
is parent of
x is_part_of_process y iff x and y are instances of Process, such that x occurs during the temporal interval of y, and x either provides an input to y or receives an output of y.
is part of process
is paternal aunt of
Person A is paternal first cousin of Person B iff Person B has father F and F has sibling P and P is parent of Person A.
Comment is_paternal_first_cousin_of is not a symmetric relationship as is is_first_cousin_of
is paternal first cousin of
is paternal grandfather of
is paternal grandmother of
is paternal uncle of
y is_permitted_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent may be agent in y.
is permitted by
A continuant c1 is a predecessor of some continuant c2 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1.
More informally, c1 is a predecessor of c2 iff c1 has been followed or replaced by c2.
is predecessor of
y is_prohibited_by y at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent must not be agent in y.
is prohibited by
x is_reference_system_of y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
is reference system of
y is_required_by x at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent must be agent in y.
is required by
is second cousin of
is sibling of
is sister-in-law of
is sister of
x is_site_of y iff x is an instance of Site and y is an instance of Process, such that y occurs in x.
is site of
is son in-law of
is son of
is spouse of
For Temporal Instant t1 and Temporal Interval t2, t1 is starting instant of t2 if and only if no Temporal Instant t3 that is part of t2 is before t1.
is starting instant of
is step-brother of
is step-sibling of
is step-sister of
A primitive relationship between an instance of an Entity and an instance of an Information Content Entity.
is subject of
For all x,y,t: y is subordinate role to x at t iff: x is an instance of bfo:BFO_0000023 (Role) at time t, and y is an instance of bfo:BFO_0000023 (Role) at time t, and there is some z such that x is realized by z and z is an instance of Act which creates, modifies, transfers, or eliminates some u such that u is an Action Regulation at time t, and u is addressed to the bearer of y.
is subordinate role to
An Organization o2 is_subsidiary_of Organization o1 iff o1 controls o2 by having the capacity to determine the outcome of decisions about o2's financial and operating policies.
is subsidiary of
A continuant c2 is a successor of some continuant c1 iff there is some process p1 and c1 is an input to p1 and c2 is an output of p1. Inverse of is predecessor.
is successor of
A person p1 is supervised by a person p2 by virtue of p1 being directed, managed, or overseen by p2.
is supervised by
x is_temporal_region_of y iff y is an instance of a process or process boundary and x is an instance of a temporal region, such that the duration of x temporally projects on y.
is temporal region of
is third cousin of
is uncle of
x is_used_by y iff y is an instance of an Agent and x is an instance of a Material Entity, such that both x and y participate in some instance of a Process wherein y attempts to accomplish a goal by manipulating, deploying, leveraging some attribute of y.
is used by
is wife of
x language_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Language, such that the literal value of y is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of x.
language used in
An immaterial entity im1 is a nontangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there does not exist an immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2.
nontangential part of
x occurs_at y iff x is an instance of Process and y is an instance of Site, such that x occurs in y.
occurs at
x occurs_on y iff x is an instance of a process or process boundary and y is an instance of a temporal region, such that the duration of x temporally projects on y.
occurs on
An immaterial entity im1 partially overlaps with some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 overlaps with im2 and im1 is not a spatial part of im2 and im2 is not a spatial part of im1.
partially overlaps with
x permits y at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent may be agent in y.
permits
x prescribed_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y serves as a rule or guide for x if x is an Occurrent, or y serves as a model for x if x is a Continuant.
prescribed by
x prescribes y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x serves as a rule or guide for y if y an Occurrent, or x serves as a model for y if y is a Continuant.
a blueprint serves as a model of some Artifact or Facility
a professional code of conduct serves as a set of rules to be followed while acting in a role within that profession
an Operations Plan serves as a guide for the tasks that need to be performed to achieve the Objectives of the Operation
prescribes
P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t.
Derived from the deprecated http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/ro.owl#preceded_by
process preceded by
Inverse of process preceded by.
Derived from the deprecated http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/ro.owl#precedes
process precedes
x process_started_by y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is caused_by y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and x has starting instance i, and y occurs on r, and r interval contains i.
A process x is started by another process y when y causes x while y is still occurring.
process started by
x process_starts y iff x and y are instances of processes, and x is_cause_of y, and i is an instance of a temporal instant, and r is an instant of a temporal interval, and y has starting instance i, and x occurs on r, and r interval contains i.
A process x starts another process y when x causes y while x is still occurring.
process starts
x prohibits y at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent must not be agent in y.
prohibits
x quality_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Quality, such that x disposition_of_aggregate y.
quality of aggregate
x receives y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the recipient and decoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
receives
x represented_by y iff y is an instance of Information Content Entity and x is an instance of Entity, such that y presents the characteristics by which x can be recognized or visualized, and there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the components of x and y.
represented by
x represents y iff x is an instance of Information Content Entity and y is an instance of Entity, such that x presents the characteristics by which y can be recognized or visualized, and there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the components of x and y.
The relationship that is being defined here is that between the content of a photographic image and its object, between the content of a video and its objects and events, between the content of an audio recording and the sounds or events generating those sounds, or between the content of a written transcript and the verbal event that it transcribes.
represents
x requires y at t iff: x is an instance of Action Regulation at time t, and y is an instance of Act at time t, and x prescribes that some agent must be agent in y.
requires
x role_of_aggregate y iff y is an instance of Object Aggregate and x is an instance of Role, such that x disposition_of_aggregate y.
role of aggregate
x sends y iff x is an instance of Agent and y is an instance of Act Of Communication, such that x is the initiator and encoder of the InformationContentEntity intended for communication in y.
sends
x spatial_part_of y iff x, y, z, and q are instances of Immaterial Entity, such that for any z connected with x, z is also connected with y, and q is connected with y but not connected with x.
in the sense used here, spatial part of is elsewhere referred to as proper spatial part of
spatial part of
A person p1 supervises a person p2 by virtue of p1 directing, managing, or overseeing p2.
supervises
An immaterial entity im1 is a tangential part of some immaterial entity im2 iff im1 is a spatial part of im2 and there exists some immaterial entity im3 such that im3 externally connects with im1 and im3 externally connects with im2.
tangential part of
x time_zone_identifier_used_by y iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that x designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in y.
time zone identifier used by
x uses y iff x is an instance of an Agent and y is an instance of a Material Entity, such that both x and y participate in some instance of a Process wherein x attempts to accomplish a goal by manipulating, deploying, or leveraging some attribute of y.
uses
y uses_geospatial_coordinate_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Geospatial Coordinate Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
uses geospatial coordinate reference system
x uses_language y iff x is an instance of an Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of a Language such that the literal value of x is a string that is encoded according to the syntax of y.
uses language
y uses_measurement_unit x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Measurement Unit, such that x describes the magnitude of measured physical quantity mentioned in y.
uses measurement unit
y uses_reference_system x iff y is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and x is an instance of Reference System, such that x describes the set of standards mentioned in y.
uses reference system
x uses_time_zone_identifier y iff x is an instance of Information Bearing Entity and y is an instance of Time Zone Identifier, such that y designates the spatial region associated with the time zone mentioned in x.
uses time zone identifier
has URI value
This data property can be used along with has_latitude_value and has_longitude_value to connect three-dimensional spatial data to a single Information Bearing Entity to specify the location of an entity in a Geospatial Region.
Altitude values typically use kilometers as the Unit of Measurement.
has altitude value
has boolean value
has date value
has datetime value
has decimal value
has double value
has integer value
A Data Property that has as its range the latitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees.
has latitude value
A Data Property that has as its range the longitude value from some Geospatial Location coordinates set expressed in decimal degrees.
has longitude value
A relationship between an Information Bearing Entity and a string representation.
has text value
A Data Property that has as its range a string formated according to the Well-known text standardization for geometric objects.
as WKT
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
entity
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
independent continuant
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
an infinitely thin plane in space.
the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space
A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])
(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001]
two-dimensional spatial region
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life
the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis.
the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor
A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])
All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])
Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])
Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])
Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself.
Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])
(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002]
(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001]
(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001]
spatiotemporal region
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001]
zero-dimensional spatial region
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29
the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body.
the Western hemisphere of the Earth
the division of the brain into regions
the division of the planet into hemispheres
the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body
the upper and lower lobes of the left lung
BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions
b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])
(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004]
fiat object part
an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space.
A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001]
one-dimensional spatial region
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
a cube-shaped region of space
a sphere-shaped region of space,
A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])
(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001]
three-dimensional spatial region
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])
Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])
(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002]
(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001]
process boundary
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])
BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions.
BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29
Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions.
Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists
(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001]
continuant fiat boundary
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
The Equator
all geopolitical boundaries
all lines of latitude and longitude
the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin.
the median sulcus of your tongue
a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])
(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001]
one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another.
b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])
(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001]
relational quality
a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])
(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001]
two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
the geographic North Pole
the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system.
the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet
zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona.
a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])
(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001]
zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary
a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary
right now
the moment at which a child is born
the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
the moment of death.
temporal instant.
A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])
(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001]
zero-dimensional temporal region
A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])
history
A Designative Name that is a shortened form of a Proper Name.
Abbreviated Name
A Certificate issued by an Educational Organization to a Person to indicate that the Person has satisfactorily completed a course of study, or as an honorary recognition of the Person's achievement.
Academic Degree
A Process Profile that is the rate of change of the Velocity of an object.
Acceleration
An Abbreviated Name that combines the initial letters of a Designative Name and which is pronounced as a word.
Acronym
A Process in which at least one Agent plays a causative role.
Act
An Act of Directive Communication performed by providing advice or counsel to another agent.
Act of Advising
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by acknowledging and expressing regret for a fault, shortcoming, or failure.
Act of Apologizing
An Act of Measuring that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of something or someone.
In the context of an Act of Appraisal, the terms 'value', 'condition', and 'quality' do not have the same meanings as their counterparts that are defined in the Common Core Ontologies. For example, a knife may be appraised to be of high quality if it is sharp and sturdy or to be of inferior quality if it is dull or fragile.
a food critic rating the quality of a restaurant's ambiance, service, and food
a mechanic assessing whether a damaged vehicle is repairable
an insurance agent appraising the financial value of a building
Note that, while most if not all Acts of Appraisal involve some estimating and many Acts of Estimation involve some appraising (i.e. these classes are not disjoint), neither class subsumes the other. For example, some Acts of Appraisal (e.g. a tax assessor appraising the value of a building) impart a normative element to the measured value while others (e.g. a gustatory appraisal that fresh green beans taste better than canned green beans) involve complete information. Furthermore, many Acts of Estimation (e.g. estimating the height of a tree) are concerned solely with determining a numerical value (as opposed to the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality).
Act of Appraisal
An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the larger Act of Location Change is completed.
Act of Arrival
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein a new Artifact is created by fitting component parts together.
putting together a piece of furniture purchased from Ikea
Many Acts of Manufacturing and Construction involve one or more Acts of Artifact Assembly, but Acts of Artifact Assembly can also occur in isolation from these activities.
Act of Artifact Assembly
An Intentional Act of using an Artifact.
Act of Artifact Employment
An Act of Artifact Processing in which an existing Artifact is acted upon in a manner that changes, adds, or removes one or more of its Qualities, Dispositions, or Functions.
Excluded from this class are instances of role change or role creation such as the introduction of an artifact as a piece of evidence in a trial or the loading of artifacts onto a ship for transport.
Act of Artifact Modification
An Intentional Act of performing a series of mechanical or chemical operations on something in order to change or preserve it.
Act of Artifact Processing
An Act of Murder of a prominent person.
Act of Assassination
An Act of Declarative Communication in which rights held by one party (the assignor) are transferred to another party (the assignee) with regard to a particular entity as specified by the details of the assignment, which is often prescribed by a contract.
Act of Assignment
A Social Act wherein an Agent unites with some other Agent in an Intentional Act, enterprise or business.
Act of Association
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Buyer) to acquire ownership of a good from another Agent (the Seller).
Act of Buying
An Act of Location Change involving the movement of manufactured goods through some Transportation Agent.
Act of Cargo Transportation
A Social Act of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion.
Act of Ceremony
An Act of Location Change involving one or more Persons moving from one place of residence to another.
Act of Change of Residence
An Act of Location Change involving the movement of one object such that it collides with another object.
Act of Collision
An Act of Directive Communication that exercises authoritative control or power over another agent's actions.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=commanding (Edited 08-22-2016)
Act of Commanding
An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to some future action.
Derived (loosely) from: John Searle's Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language
Examples: agreeing, betting, guaranteeing, inviting, offering, promising, swearing, volunteering
Act of Commissive Communication
An Intentional Act in which some Information Content Entity is transferred from some Agent to Another.
Act of Communication
An Act of Communication in which some Artifact is used to transfer an Information Bearing Entity from sender(s) to receiver(s).
Act of Communication by Media
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing sympathy or sorrow.
Act of Condoling
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving a conversation between a reporter and a person of public interest, used as a basis of a broadcast or publication.
Act of Conducting Mass Media Interview
An Act of Representative Communication in which a person makes an admission of misdeeds or faults.
Act of Confessing
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing vicarious pleasure to a person on the occasion of their success or good fortune.
Act of Congratulating
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are built on site as prescribed by some contract.
An Act of Construction typically involves the production of only one or a limited number of goods, such as in the construction of an airport or a community of condominiums.
Act of Construction
An Intentional Act in which a resource is ingested or used up.
Act of Consumption
An Act of Promising having a lawful object entered into voluntarily by two or more agents with legal capacity, each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them.
Act of Contract Formation
Ac Act of Communication intended to mislead the audience by distortion or falsification of evidence and induce a reaction that is prejudicial to the interests of the audience.
Act of Deceptive Communication
An Act of Communication that changes the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration.
Examples: Baptism, Sentencing a person to imprisonment, Pronouncing a couple husband and wife, Declaring war
Act of Declarative Communication
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Decoy.
Act of Decoy Use
An Act of Representative Communication performed by either asserting that something is not true or real or refusing to satisfy a request or desire.
Act of Denying
An Act of Location Change that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the larger Act of Location Change is initiated.
Act of Departure
An Act of Communication that is intended to cause the hearer to take a particular action.
Examples: advising, admonishing, asking, begging, dismissing, excusing, forbidding, instructing, ordering, permitting, requesting, requiring, suggesting, urging, warning
Act of Directive Communication
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is tranfered by an Agent (the Donor) to another Agent (the Recipient) without return consideration.
Act of Donating
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of a curriculum from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with some Educational Organization.
Act of Educational Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Educational Organization by imparting knowledge of a curriculum to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Educational Training Instruction
An Act of Association wherein an Organization assigns a set of activities to some Person to be performed in exchange for financial compensation.
Act of Employment
An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons meet in a casual or unplanned manner.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=encounter (Sense Key: Encounter%2:38:00)
Act of Encounter
An Intentional Act consisting of any activity which provides a diversion or permits people to amuse themselves.
Act of Entertainment
An Act of Intelligence Gathering involving the obtaining of information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.
Act of Espionage
Act of Approximation
An Act of Measuring that involves the comparison of a measurement of a similar Entity or of a portion of the Entity being estimated to produce an approximated measurement of the target Entity.
In all cases, the Agent in an Act of Estimation either lacks complete information, lacks access to the relevant information, or chooses not to use the complete information (perhaps to save money or time) about the thing being estimated; instead, the Agent uses some or all of the relevant information that the Agent does have as a basis for arriving at the estimate.
measuring how much time a train will add to your commute by measuring how long it takes for 10 train cars to pass a given point and then combining this information with an estimate of how many train cars are in a typical train based on your past experience
measuring the amount of time required to do a task based on how long it took to do a similar task in the past
measuring the height of a building by counting the number of floors and multiplying it by the height of an average floor in an average building
measuring the property value of a house based on its square footage and the average cost per square foot of other houses in the area
Although the boundary between Act of Estimation and guessing is vague, estimation can be partially distinguished from guessing in that every Act of Estimation has as input some relevant information; whereas an act of guessing can occur sans information (or at least sans pertinent information). For example, if Mr. Green were asked how many blades of grass are in his lawn, he could simply choose a number (i.e. he could guess) or he could estimate the number by counting how many baldes of grass are in 1 square foot of his lawn, measuring the square footage of his lawn, and then multiplying these values to arrive at a number. Hence, many estimates may be loosely considered to be educated guesses.
Note that, while every Act of Measuring arguably involves some degree of estimation (for example, a measuring instrument rounding to the nearest ten-thousandth or an Agent reading an analog display), it would be a mistake to classify all Acts of Measuring as Acts of Estimation. This holds even for cases (e.g. census taking) in which sofisticated estimations are often more accurate than other means of measuring (e.g. enumeration).
Act of Estimation
An Act of Communication that expresses the Speaker's attitudes and emotions towards some proposition.
Examples: apologizing, condoling, congratulating, greeting, thanking, accepting (acknowledging an acknowledgment)
Act of Expressive Communication
An Act of Artifact Employment in which an Agent makes use of some Facility.
Act of Facility Use
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent (the Depositor) to another Agent to create a liability to be repaid to the Depositor through an Act of Financial Withdrawal.
Act of Financial Deposit
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Financial Instrument.
Act of Financial Instrument Use
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is transferred by an Agent to another Agent (the Depositor) from an account created by an earlier Act of Financial Deposit performed by the Depositor.
Act of Financial Withdrawal
An Act of Financial Instrument Use in which an Agent provides a sum of money to another Agent for a particular purpose.
Act of Funding
An Intentional Act that is initiated or supported by some Geopolitical Entity and enforced by some Government Agent.
Act of Government
An Act of Violence which causes the unlawful killing of another person.
Act of Homicide
An Act of Representative Communication performed by asserting who or what a particular person or thing is.
Act of Identifying
An Intentional Act in which a Person lives at a Site for a period of time that may be as short as 1 day/night or as long as the Person's entire life.
Act of Inhabitancy
An Intentional Act of producing and/or gathering information by a government or other Organization to guide decisions and actions by answering questions or obtaining advance warning of events and movements deemed to be important or otherwise relevant.
Act of Intelligence Gathering
An Act of Association between two or more Persons that may range from fleeting to enduring.
Act of Interpersonal Relationship
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by requesting the presence or participation of the audience, and which may include offering an incentive or inducement.
Act of Inviting
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or journal.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Article
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation information that provides a factual record or report.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Documentary
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving sending forth, distributing, or putting into circulation an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information.
Act of Issuing Mass Media Press Release
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Legal Instrument.
Act of Legal Instrument Use
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is given by an Agent (the Creditor) to another Agent (the Debtor) in order to receive Repayments from the Debtor which are of greater Financial Value.
Act of Loaning
An Act of Motion in which the location of some Object is changed by some Agent.
Act of Location Change
An Act of Artifact Modification in which an Artifact is modified in order to preserve or restore one or more of its designed Qualities or Functions.
Act of Maintenance
An Act of Artifact Processing wherein Artifacts are created in a Facility for the purpose of being sold to consumers.
An Act of Manufacturing typically involves the mass production of goods.
Act of Manufacturing
An Act of Communication intended to reach a large audience using a medium such as the internet, television, radio, newspaper, and magazine.
Act of Mass Media Communication
An Intentional Act that involves determining the extent, dimensions, quanity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard.
putting an object on a scale to measure its weight in kilograms
rating Hollywood movies on a 1 to 5 star scale
using a tape measure to determine the height and width of a doorway in inches
Act of Measuring
An Act of Association wherein two or more Persons assemble for some common purpose.
http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=meet (Sense Key: meet%2:41:00, get together%2:41:00)
Act of Meeting
An Intentional Act of employing a Military Force to achieve some desired result.
Act of Military Force
An Act of Employment wherein a Person serves as a member of a Military Force, whether voluntarily or by conscription.
Act of Military Service
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Military Organization.
Act of Military Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Military Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of Military Operations to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Military Training Instruction
An Intentional Act by which an Agent causes the position or location of some Object to change.
Act of Motion
An Act of Homicide with malice aforethought.
Act of Murder
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by stating or promising, usually calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred.
Act of Oath Taking
An Intentional Act of acquiring information from a source via the use of one or more senses.
Act of Observation
An Act of Declarative Communication in which an Agent records some information for official use by another Agent.
Act of Official Documentation
An Act of Possession that includes an agent having certain rights and duties over the property owned.
The relation between the owner and property may be private, collective, or common and the property may be objects, land, real estate, or intellectual property.
Act of Ownership
An Act of Communication having a small audience.
Act of Personal Communication
An Act of Travel to a location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith.
Act of Pilgrimage
An Intentional Act that involves making a Plan to achieve some specified Objective.
Act of Planning
An Act of Artifact Employment in which a Portion of Material is expended.
Act of Portion of Material Consumption
An Act of Motion in which the position (i.e. the orientation, alignment, or arrangement) of some Object or of one or more of an Object's parts is changed by some Agent.
swivelling your office chair to face the window
An Act of Position Change does not entail a change of location.
Act of Position Change
An Intentional Act in which an agent intentionally exercises control towards a thing.
In all cases, to possess something, an agent must have an intention to possess it.
Act of Possession
An Intentional Act that involves the generation of a Predictive Information Content entity that is intended to describe an uncertain possible future event, value, entity, or attribute of an entity.
Predictions can only be made about things that are not yet the case (i.e. future things) and are further restricted to being about things that do not have a probability of either 1 (necessary) or 0 (impossible). For example, assuming that no organism is immortal, one cannot predict of a given organism that it will eventually die; however, one may predict uncertain things about the organism's eventual death, such as its precise cause or time.
a chess master predicting the next 8 moves his opponent will make
predicting that a particular stock will double in value over the next fiscal quarter
using sample exit polls data to predict the winners of an election
An Act of Prediction may involve the use of some or no relevant information. An Act of Prediction that utilizes relevant information may also be (or at least involve) an Act of Estimation. Hence, these two classes are not disjoint. Furthermore, neither class subsumes the other since estimates can be made about existing entities and not all predictions produce measurements (e.g. predicting that it will rain tomorrow).
Act of Prediction
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by declaring that the promising agent will do, or refrain from doing, the specified action.
Act of Promising
An Act of Deceptive Communication Propaganda intended to influence the attitude of a mass audience toward some cause or position by presenting facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) or by using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented.
Act of Propaganda
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of a non-fictional essay, especially one included with others in a newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Article
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of information that provides a factual record or report.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Documentary
An Act of Mass Media Communication involving the preparation and public issuance of an official statement issued to one or more members of the media for the purpose of announcing newsworthy information.
Act of Publishing Mass Media Press Release
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Purchaser) to acquire a good or service from another Agent (the Provider).
Act of Purchasing
An Act of Intelligence Gathering used to determine an Agent's disposition and intention; the composition and capabilities of Equipment and Facilities, and the surrounding landforms and weather conditions.
Act of Reconnaissance
An Act of Association wherein some Person belongs to some Religious Demonination or sub-Denomination.
Act of Religious Group Affiliation
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Religious Organization.
Act of Religious Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Religious Organization by imparting knowledge of the tenets and/or practices of a religion to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Religious Training Instruction
An Act of Ceremony wherein there occurs acts of religious devotion usually directed towards a deity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship (Sense Key: Worship%2:42:00 or Worship%1:04:00::)
Act of Religious Worship
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Employer) to compensate another Agent (the Employee) for the services they perform for the Employer.
Comment: Remuneration normally consists of salary or hourly wages, but also applies to commission, stock options, fringe benefits, etc.
Act of Remuneration
An Act of Purchasing wherein a Financial Instrument is used by an Agent (the Renter) as a payment to acquire temporary possession or use of a good or property that is owned or controlled by another Agent (the Seller).
Act of Renting
An Act of Financial Instrument Use wherein a Financial Instrument is returned by an Agent (the Debtor) to another Agent (the Creditor) to decrease the amount owed to the Creditor from an earlier Act of Loaning.
Act of Repayment
An Act of Representative Communication performed by giving a detailed account or statement.
Act of Reporting
An Act of Communication that commits a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition.
Examples: affirming, alleging, announcing, answering, attributing, claiming, classifying, concurring, confirming, conjecturing, denying, disagreeing, disclosing, disputing, identifying, informing, insisting, predicting, ranking, reporting, stating, stipulating
Act of Representative Communication
An Act of Directive Communication performed by asking for something.
Act of Requesting
An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling permanently or for an extended period of time.
Act of Residing
An Act of Association wherein a Person belongs to some Social Group.
Act of Social Group Membership
A Social Act composed of a series of performances, displays and campaigns directed at implementing, resisting or undoing a change in society.
Act of Social Movement
An Act of Inhabitancy in which a Person lives in a dwelling temporarily, often during stages of an Act of Travel.
Act of Sojourn
Suicide
An Act of Violence in which some Agent intentionally and voluntarily causes their own death.
Act of Suicide
An Intentional Act wherein some Agent maintains one or more entities as the objects of potential action given some operational requirement.
Act of Targeting
An Act of Violence which creates fear and which is prescribed by religious, political or ideological objectives, and which deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilians and are committed by members of non-government organizations.
Act of Terrorism
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Terrorist Organization.
Act of Terrorist Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with some Terrorist Organization by imparting knowledge of the tactics, techniques, and/or strategies of the use of violence against civilians in order to attain goals that are political, religous, or ideological in nature to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Terrorist Training Instruction
An Act of Representative Communication performed by making a statement about one's personal knowledge or belief.
Act of Testifying
An Act of Expressive Communication performed by expressing gratitude.
Act of Thanking
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Tool.
Act of Tool Use
An Intentional Act in which knowledge, skills or values are imparted from one or more Agents to at least one other Agent.
Act of Training
An Act of Training performed by an Agent by acquiring knowledge from another Agent.
Act of Training Acquisition
An Act of Training performed by an Agent by imparting knowledge to another Agent.
Act of Training Instruction
An Act of Location Change wherein one or more Persons move between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport.
Act of Travel
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Vehicle.
Act of Vehicle Use
An Intentional Act of causing harm to oneself or to another through the use of physical or verbal force.
Act of Violence
An Act of Training Acquisition performed by an Agent by acquiring skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade from an Agent or communication medium that realizes a capacity derived from its affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider.
Act of Vocational Training Acquisition
An Act of Training Instruction performed by an Agent who realizes a capacity derived from the Agent's affiliation with a Vocational School, Technical School, Trade Organization, or Industry Educational Program Provider by imparting skills required for a specific occupation in industry, agriculture or trade to an Agent either directly or indirectly through some communication medium.
Act of Vocational Training Instruction
An Act of Commissive Communication performed by voluntarily undertaking or expressing a willingness to undertake a service.
entering into military service voluntarily
Act of Volunteering
An Act of Travel that proceeds by foot.
Act of Walking
An Act of Directive Communication performed by indicating a possible or impending danger, problem, or other unpleasant situation.
Act of Warning
An Act of Artifact Employment in which some Agent uses some Weapon.
Act of Weapon Use
Authorization
License
An Action Regulation that permits some Act.
Action Permission
An Action Regulation that prohibits some Act.
Action Prohibition
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes an Act as required, prohibited, or permitted, and is the output of an Act which realizes some Authority Role.
Action Regulation
Duty
Obligation
An Action Regulation that requires some Act.
Action Requirement
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is realizing one or more of its designed Artifact Functions (especially one of its primary functions).
Active Stasis
A Transducer that is designed to convert some control signal into mechanical motion.
Actuator
A Realizable Entity of an Independent Continuant that creates an opportunity for an Agent to realize some Capability or Disposition in some Act.
Affordance
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun is at its apex (approximately 12:00pm) and when it sets (approximately 6:00pm).
Afternoon
A Material Entity that is capable of performing Intentional Acts.
Agent
A Realizable Entity that inheres in an Agent to the extent of that Agent's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type.
Agent Capability
A Facility that is designed as a building or campus for agricultural processes with the aim of cultivating animals, plants, or fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, or other products to sustain and enhance human life.
Agricultural Facility
A Reaction Engine that functions by drawing a continuous stream of air into and through the Engine where it is compressed, mixed with a Portion of Fuel, ignited, and then expelled as exhaust gas.
Air-Breathing Combustion Engine
Ducted Jet Engine
A Jet Engine that is propelled by a jet of hot exhaust gases formed from air that is drawn into the Engine via an Air Inlet.
Air-Breathing Jet Engine
AC Unit
A Cooling System that is designed to remove excess heat and humidity from the air in an enclosed space.
Air Conditioning Unit
Air Intake
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of an opening that is designed to capture and direct the flow of air into the system it is part of.
Air Inlet
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by air travel.
Aircraft
A Factory that is designed to manufacture Aircraft.
Aircraft Manufacturing Facility
A Transportation Facility that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Aircraft.
Airport
A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of its surface to reflect incident electromagnetic radiation of a particular wavelength.
Albedo is a reflection coefficient and is measured as the ratio of radiation reflected from the surface to the incident radiation. Albedo is dimensionless, can be expressed as a percentage, and is measured on a scale from 0 for no reflection to 1 for perfect reflection of a surface. Albedo depends on the wavelength of the radiation; when no wavelength is specified, it typically refers to some appropriate average across the spectrum of visible light.
Albedo
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving a predefined objective.
Algorithm
A Primary Cell Electric Battery that has a Zinc anode and Manganese (IV) oxide cathode.
Alkaline Electric Battery
A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of the support it has committed to provide to another Agent when that Agent is involved in a conflict.
Allegiance Role
A Person who is the bearer of some Ally Role.
Allied Person
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of that Agent's commitment to perform Acts that support the Objectives of a particular Agent or Group of Agents.
Ally Role
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of alternating current.
Alternating Current Power Source
A Height that inheres in a Site that externally connects an Independent Continuant to either the surface of the Earth or the Earth's mean Sea Level.
Altitude
A Storage Facility that is designed to store Portions of Ammunition.
Ammunition Depot
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the total, aggregate or sum of a number of discrete items or material the entity contains as parts.
Amount
A Process Profile of an Oscillation Process that is the absolute value of the maximum displacement from a zero, equilibrium, or mean value during one cycle of the Oscillation Process.
Amplitude
A Momentum that is the product of an object's moment of inertia and its Angular Velocity.
Angular Momentum
A Velocity that describes both the angular (i.e. rotational) Speed of an object and the Axis about which the object is Rotating.
Angular Velocity
An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and capable of motility for part of its life.
Animal
An Environmental Feature that is related to or is the result of the influence of human beings on the environment.
Anthropogenic Feature
An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some bacterium.
Anti-Bacterial Artifact Function
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a microorganism.
Anti-Microbial Artifact Function
A Residential Facility that is designed to contain multiple permanent residences comprised of a suite of rooms.
Apartment Building
Arbitrary ID
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that does not follow an encoding system.
Arbitrary Identifier
An Organization having the Objective to further the foreign and domestic policies of a Government and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors.
Armed Force
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be armored and used to transport and support military personal in combat missions.
Armored Fighting Vehicle
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to transport infantry to the battlefield but which are not usually designed to take part in a direct-fire battle.
Armored Personnel Carrier
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be fired from a Bow and consists of a long straight stiff shaft with stabilizers (fletchings) and a slot (the nock) on one end and a weighted tip (the arrowhead) on the other end.
Arrow
An Artifact that is designed to cover some portion of a body.
Article of Clothing
A Portion of Waste Material that has a low liquid content.
Article of Solid Waste
An Object that was designed by some Agent to realize a certain Function.
Artifact
A Directive Information Content Entity that is a specification of an object, manifested by an agent, intended to accomplish goals, in a particular environment, using a set of primitive components, satisfying a set of requirements, subject to constraints.
Artifact Design
An Quality Specification that prescribes some Size Quality.
Dimension Specification
A Function that inheres in some Artifact in virtue of that Artifact being designed to be used in processes that require that Function to be realized.
Artifact Function
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Artifact Function and which is part of some Artifact Model.
Artifact Function Specification
A History of an Artifact.
Artifact History
A Designative Information Content Entity which designates some Artifact.
Artifact Identifier
A Site that is the location of some Artifact.
Artifact Location
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a common set of Functions and Qualities to inhere in a set of artifact instances.
Artifact Model
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Artifact Model.
Artifact Model Name
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the form of an Artifact which differs in some respects from previous or future forms of that Artifact.
Artifact Version Ordinality
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing eye.
Artificial Eye
A Language that is developed through conscious planning and premeditation, rather than one that was developed through use and repetition.
Artificial Language
A Rifle that is designed to have selective-fire functionality and use an intermediate Cartridge and a detachable magazine.
Assault Rifle
A Geographic Feature that is part of the atmosphere (including the atmosphere itself as a non-proper part) having a relatively stable lifecycle and which has a location that can be distinguished from the surrounding portion of the atmosphere.
Atmospheric Feature
Orientation Control Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in an attitude control process.
Attitude Control Artifact Function
A Role that is realized by Acts which create, modify, transfer, or eliminate Action Regulations or other Authority Roles, and inheres in an Agent in virtue of collective acceptance of that Agent's ability to issue binding directives.
Authority Roles are externally grounded in a social group's collective acceptance of the binding force of the agent's directives. This acceptance can be direct or indirect (e.g., by accepting a procedure for deputizing authority). Such collective acceptance need not be explicit or cognized; rather, collective acceptance can be expressed in the dispositions and attitudes of people toward that agent's directives. In many cases, the directives issued by Authority Roles are backed by threats of punishment or sanction for failure to comply, but the issuing of a directive plus a threat is not sufficient for authority. Rather, an agent's authority must be accepted either directly or indirectly through the acceptance of a procedure for bestowing authority (e.g., elections).
Authority Role
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a small number of passengers while traveling on four tired wheels.
Automobile
Autopilot
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control the trajectory of a Vehicle without constant 'hands-on' control.
Autopilot System
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to the length of time required for a spinning Object to complete one rotation around its Axis of Rotation.
Axial Rotation Period
Rotational Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line around which a spinning body rotates.
Axis of Rotation
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used by the transportation industry to scan tickets.
Aztec Code
A Portion of Cash that consists of a portable slips of paper or fabric designed to bear some specified Financial Value.
Banknote
An Information Bearing Artifact that consist of machine-readable symbols.
For information on types of barcodes, see: https://www.scandit.com/types-barcodes-choosing-right-barcode/
Barcode
Main Operating Base
A Military Base with permanently stationed operating forces, robust Infrastructure, and strengthened force protection measures such that it is designed to launch and support large-scale operations, support smaller or less-permanent bases, and organize supply facilities.
Base of Operations
A Sonic Frequency that is between 60 and 250 Hz.
Bass Frequency
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to connect a load or charger to a single or multiple-cell Battery.
Battery Terminal
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which the Artifact constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.
Bearing Artifact Function
A Operational Stasis that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is first put into operational use such that its designed set of Artifact Functions is capable of operating at or near their designed peak performance levels.
A Beginning of Life Stasis (BoL) is a relatively brief Operational Stasis that is primarily of interest for the purpose of establishing a baseline for operational parameters to be compared to the designed specifications as well as the Artifact's performance throughout its operational life.
Beginning of Life Stasis
An Act in which an Independent Continuant participates as an Agent in response to external or internal stimuli and following some pattern which is dependent upon some combination of that Independent Continuant's internal state and external conditions.
Behavior
Angular
Kinked
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more angles along its border.
Bent
A Wire Antenna that consists of a horizontal wire one-half to two wavelengths long that is suspended above the ground with one end attached to the receiver feedline and the other grounded and which is typically used in the low and medium frequency radio bands.
Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_antenna
Beverage Antenna
A Ground Vehicle that consists of two wheels, one in front of the other, attached to a frame along with handlebars and pedals such that it is designed to receive its motive power from pedaling.
Bicycle
A Transducer that is designed to receive a signal in the form of physical phenomena and convert it into an electrical signal, and vice versa.
Bidirectional Transducer
An Act composed of the Life Events that occur during the course of existence of an Agent (i.e. Person or Organization).
Biographical Life
A Quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
Biological Sex
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, incapacity, or death by means of releasing disease-producing agents—such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Biological Weapon
A Storage Facility that is designed to store biological agents.
Biological Depot
A Natural Process of bringing forth offspring.
Birth
A Color that lacks any hues as parts.
Black
A Color that ranges from nearly white to a light greyish yellow
Blond
A Color that is between Cyan and Violet with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 450 to 490 nanometers.
Blue
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a sharp edge or point.
Blunt
A Fiat Object Part located within or on the surface of an Agent.
Bodily Components include anatomical structures, body flora, pathogens, toxins, and their combinations.
Bodily Component
A Shape Quality inhering in a Person's body by virtue of the body's general outline or figure.
Body Shape
A Financial Instrument that is designed to secure an Agent's debt for the holders of that debt.
Bond
A Bond that consists of a Certificate.
Bond Certificate
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity by means of ink, paper, parchment, or other materials fastened together to hinge at one side.
Book
A Geospatial Position that is a proper part of some Geospatial Region Bounding Box.
Bounding Box Point
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Arrows.
Bow
A Vehicle Control System Component that is designed to inhibit the Vehicle's Motion by absorbing energy from a moving system.
Brake
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the process of braking with the aim of preventing rolling, skidding, and hydroplaning.
Brake Control System
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having subdivisions or offshoots.
Branched
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to pass over the obstacles.
Bridge
A Sonic Frequency that is between 6 and 20 kHz.
Brilliance Frequency
A Color that consists of dark orange and red, and of very low intensity.
Brown
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be projected by a Firearm, Sling, Slingshot, or Air Gun, but which does not (typically) contain explosives.
Bullet
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a large number of people and to travel on six or more tired wheels.
Bus
An Environment Control System that is designed to control the process in which conditioned air is pumped into the Cabin of some Aircraft or Spacecraft in order to create a safe and comfortable environment for passengers and crew flying at high altitudes.
Cabin Pressurization Control System
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a combination of Day, Week, Month, or Year Identifiers formatted according to an implementation of a Calendar System.
Calendar Date Identifier
A Day that begins and ends concurrently with the Seconds specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Seconds of the Day.
Calendar Day
A Month that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Month.
January; February; March; April; May; June; July; August; September; October; November; December
Calendar Month
A Temporal Reference System that is designed to organize and identify dates.
Calendars typically organize dates through the use of naming and temporal conventions based on Days, Weeks, Months, and Years.
Calendar System
A Week that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Week.
Calendar Week
A Year that begins and ends concurrently with the Days specified by a Calendar System to be the first and last Days of the Year.
Calendar Year
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to form and digitally or physically record an image of an entity.
Camera
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is an artificial Hydrographic Feature designed to convey water or enable Watercraft to travel inland.
Canal
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to use a controlled explosion to launch a relatively large Portion of Ammunition, such as a Round Shot or a Shell, at a significant Velocity.
Cannon
A Vehicle Compartment that is used to store goods or materials during transportation.
Cargo Cabin
A Military Force that is trained and equipped to conduct air operations while embarked on an aircraft carrier.
Carrier Air Wing
Rectangular Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that identifies each point in a spatial region of n-dimensions using an ordered n-tuple of numerical coordinates that are the signed (i.e. positive or negative) distances measured in the same unit of length from the zero point where the fixed perpendicular Coordinate System Axes meet.
Cartesian Coordinate System
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to package a Bullet, a propellant substance, and a primer within a case that is designed to fit within the firing chamber of a Firearm.
Cartridge
Catadioptric Telescope
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light through the use of a combination of Lenses and Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Catadioptric Optical Telescope
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased due to the participation of an additional substance, without that substance being consumed in the reaction.
Catalyst Artifact Function
A Process that is the cause of or one of the causes of some other Process.
Cause
Cellular Network
Mobile Telecommunication Network
A Wireless Telecommunication Network where the last link between the network and the end user is wireless and is distributed over service areas called cells.
Cellular Telecommunication Network
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the point where the weighted position vectors of the distributed Mass of a Material Entity relative to this point sum to zero.
Center of Mass
An Information Bearing Artifact that bears an Information Content Entity which attests to certain demonstrated characteristics of an Object, Person, or Organization.
Certificate
A Process in which some independent continuant endures and 1) one or more of the dependent entities it bears increase or decrease in intensity, 2) the entity begins to bear some dependent entity or 3) the entity ceases to bear some dependent entity.
Change
An Image that is designed to represent an Information Content Entity by means of Written Symbols in order to convey that information in a readily understandable format.
Chart
A Storage Facility that is designed to store chemicals.
Chemical Depot
A Factory that is designed to manufacture or process chemicals.
Chemical Manufacturing Facility
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
Chemical Reaction Artifact Function
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing toxic chemicals.
Chemical Weapon
A Religious Facility that is designed for Christian worship and prayer.
Church
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit.
Circuit Breaker
A Perimeter that inheres in a circle or ellipse.
Circumference
A Person who is the bearer of some Citizen Role.
Citizen
A Role that inheres in a Person who is legally recognized as a member of a particular state, with associated rights and obligations.
Citizen Role
A Local Administrative Region in which a relatively large human population permanently resides; is designated as a city based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically oversees the provision of systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation.
City
An Organization that is not commercial or military and is the bearer of a Civilian Role.
Civil Organization
A Temporal Reference System that is a statutory time scale as designated by civilian authorities to determine local time(s).
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time is mean solar time as calculated from midnight as the beginning of the Civil Day.
Note that Civil Time Reference System is more accurately represented as a Temporal Reference System that participates in an act of usage that is sanctioned by an appropriate civil authority. As such, it should be represented as a defined class.
Civil Time Reference System
A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents who is not a member of either an Armed Force or police force.
Civilian Role
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to remove foreign objects from another object.
Cleaning Artifact Function
A Temporal Reference System that is a convention for keeping and displaying the Time of Day.
A single Clock Time System does not provide a complete means for identifying or measuring times. Depending on the particular Clock Time System, it may be compatible for use with one or more other Temporal Reference Systems.
Clock Time System
CW Rotational Motion
Clockwise Rotation
A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the right as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation.
the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the South Pole
Clockwise Rotational Motion
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which that bearer affords passage or sightline through it via an opening, aperture, orifice, or vent.
Closure
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numbers 0-9 and the characters -$:/.+ and is used by logistics and healthcare professionals.
Codabar Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 128 ASCII characters and is used primarily in supply chains.
Code 128 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 39 characters that are numbers 0-9, capital letters A-Z, or the symbols -.$/+% and space and is used primarily in automotive and defense industries.
Code 39 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of up to 93 ASCII characters and is used in logistics to identify packages in retail inventory, lable electornic components, and provide supplementary delivery information.
Code 93 Barcode
Code ID
ID Code
Identifier Code
A Non-Name Identifier that consists of a string of characters that was created and assigned according to an encoding system such that metadata can be derived from the identifier.
Code Identifier
A List that represents an ordered sequence of Information Bearing Entities that bear Code Identifiers.
Code List
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer being wound in concentric rings or spirals.
Coiled
A Portion of Cash that consists of a flat, portable, round pieces of metal designed to bear some specified Financial Value.
Coin
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a collimation event in which the Artifact narrows a beam of particles or waves by either causing the spatial cross-section of the beam to become smaller or by causing the directions of motion of the beam's constituents to be aligned in a specifc direction of Motion.
Collimation Artifact Function
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's Color Hue, Color Saturation and Color Brightness.
Color
Color Intensity
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect or radiate light.
Color Brightness
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect a dominant wavelength of the visible light spectrum, which is typically divided up into 6 to 8 ranges.
Color Hue
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to reflect high intensity light distributed across fewer wavelengths, typically considered on a continuum of purity.
Color Saturation
A Military Facility that is designed to support the conduction of combat operations of limited scope or size.
Combat Outpost
Burning Process
Combustion Process
A Natural Process in which a Portion of Fuel or other Material Entity is burned.
Combustion
Burner
Combustor
Flame Holder
An Artifact that is designed to wholly or partially bound an internal Site where a Combustion process is intended to occur.
Combustion Chamber
A Heat Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy that is generated through a local Combustion process into mechanical energy.
Combustion Engine
A Military Facility that is designed to support the command and control of Military Operations or Forces.
Command Post Facility
An Organization that is the bearer of a Commercial Role and whose primary objective is to make a profit from the provision of goods or services.
Commercial Organization
A Role that inheres in an Organization by virtue of its establishment as a for-profit business.
Commercial Role
Stock that entitles its holder to voting on corporate decisions.
Common Stock
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which meaningful signs are conveyed from one entity to another.
Communication Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to facilitate communication between at least two entities.
Communication Instrument
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information for the purpose of preventing communication.
Communication Interference Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to receive information that has been transmitted for the purpose of communiction.
Communication Reception Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Communication Relay Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to enable some Act of Communication by means of transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment, usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole.
Communication System
A Facility that is the bearer of functions realized in processes of receiving or transmitting information.
Communications Facility
A Role that inheres in an entity having a discrete structure in virtue of that entity being part of a system considered at a particular level of analysis.
ISO/IEC. 1998. Information Technology ― System and Software Integrity Levels Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). ISO/IEC. 15026:1998. : 3.1
Component Role
An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by igniting a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture using heat generated via compression of the mixture.
Compression Ignition Engine
An Ignition System that is designed to generate heat by compressing a portion of fuel and oxidizer mixture in order to initiate an Ignition process.
Compression Ignition System
An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to execute an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically.
Computer
Data Network
A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow the exchange of data between two or more computers connected to the network.
Computer Network
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a computation process.
Computing Artifact Function
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having one or more cavities, such that at least one line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside.
Concave Shape
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a flat base with sides that taper smoothly to an apex.
Cone Shape
An Anthropogenic Feature that has been constructed by deliberate human effort.
Constructed Feature
An Artifact that is designed to contain (wholly or partially) some material entity.
Container
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which one entity contains another.
Containing Artifact Function
A Geospatial Region bounded by any of the Earth's main continuous expanses of land.
Continent
A Role that inheres in an Agent or Group of Agents who enters into a Contract to provide materials or labor to perform a service or complete a task.
A Contractor Role differs from an Occupation Role in at least two ways. First, the Contract that binds the two parties together is not one of employment. Second, a Contractor Role is occupationally neutral in that an Agent can be contracted to perform any number of Occupational Roles.
Contractor Role
A Steering Control Component that is designed to deflect air, water, or another medium around its surface in order to change the Attitude of a Vehicle by rotating the Vehicle on one or more of its Axes of Rotation.
Control Surface
An Artifact that is designed to manage, command, direct, or regulate the behavior of at least one other Artifact.
Control System
Variable-Pitch Propeller
A Propeller whose blades are designed to be alterable by rotating the blades about their vertical axis by means of mechanical or hydraulic arrangement.
Controllable Pitch Propeller
Expressway
Freeway
Motorway
A Highway that is designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated.
Controlled-Access Highway
CD Nozzle
de Laval Nozzle
A Nozzle that consists of a tube with an asymmetric hourglass shape that is designed to accelerate hot pressurized gas by converting the heat energy of the gas flow into kinetic energy as it passes through the Nozzle Throat to generate increased Exhaust Velocity of the gas as it exits the Nozzle.
By increasing the Exhaust Velocity of the gas, the Nozzle increases the Thrust generated.
Convergent-Divergent Nozzle
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having a cavity, such that no line connecting a pair of points on the surface of the bearer will lie outside.
Convex Shape
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function conveys entities from one location to another.
Conveyance Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system decreases.
Cooling Artifact Function
An Environment Control System that is designed to cool the air or objects in a Site.
Cooling System
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by a Coordinate System for the purpose of identifying the position of entities along one dimension of the Coordinate System's spatial framework.
Coordinate System Axis
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the number of members of some aggregate.
Count Measurement Information Content Entity
Anti-Clockwise Rotation
CCW Rotational Motion
Counter-Clockwise Rotation
A Rotational Motion in which the direction of rotation is toward the left as seen relative to the designated side of the plane of rotation.
the axial rotation of the Earth as seen from above the North Pole
Counter-Clockwise Rotational Motion
A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some legally sanctioned Financial Instrument.
Counterfeit Financial Instrument
An Artifact that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Artifact.
Counterfeit Instrument
A Counterfeit Instrument that is designed to be a fake replica of some genuine Legal Instrument.
Counterfeit Legal Instrument
Sovereign State
A Geopolitical Entity that delimits a Government with effective internal and external sovereignty over the region and its population, and which is not dependent on or subject to any other power or Geopolitical Entity.
Country
A Geopolitical Entity that is part of either a First-Order or Second-Order Administrative Region.
County
A Machine Element that is designed to connect two Shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power.
Coupling
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity is covered.
Covering Artifact Function
A Group of Persons that bear Roles realized by the operation of the specified Vehicle.
Crew
An Intentional Act committed in violation of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can prescribe a conviction.
Criminal Act
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of significant pressure.
Crushing Artifact Function
A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Cryogenic Material (such as liquid helium or liquid oxygen) and which consists of, minimally, walls that are constructed from two or more layers that are separated by a high vacuum to provide thermal insulation between the interior and exterior of the dewar.
Cryogenic Storage Dewar
A Cuboidal shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having six Square faces.
Cube Shape
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having six Rectangular faces.
Cuboidal
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of financial values.
U.S. Dollar, Euro, Yuan, South African Rand
Measurement Unit of Currency
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert some electrical current.
Current Conversion Artifact Function
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having borders which are smoothly rounded.
Curved
Curved Motion
A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a curved path.
Curvilinear Motion
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired by being opened or divided.
Cutting Artifact Function
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of separating some portion of its target into two or more portions through the application of acutely directed force.
Cutting Weapon
A Color that is between Green and Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 490 and 520 nanometers.
Cyan
Columnar
A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an elongated shape with round bases.
Cylindrical
An Infrastructure that is designed to impound surface water or underground streams.
Dam
Compromised
Damaged
Injured
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of lesser value, usefulness, or functionality.
This class can be used to instantiate instances that might otherwise be treated by defined classes such as Damaged Vehicle or Wounded Person. The Independent Continuant and Quality or Realizable Entity are participants of the stasis which can in turn be related to the temporal interval via the occurs on property.
Damaged Stasis
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired.
Damaging Artifact Function
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of cells arranged in rectangular patterns and is used for marking small items in logistics and operations.
Data Matrix Code
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the absolute difference between the largest value and the smallest value in the set.
Data Range Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some set of specific Information Content Entities and to be rapidly searchable and retrievable.
Database
Day Identifier
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Day.
Date Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one rotation around its Rotational Axis as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Day is assumed to be relative to the rotational motion of the Earth and is approximately equal to a twenty-four hour temporal region for which the start and end times are specified by the Temporal Reference System used.
Day
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact is not realizing any of its designed Artifact Functions (or at least not realizing any of its primary functions).
Deactivated Stasis
A Natural Process in which all biological functions that sustain a living organism cease.
Death
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to a period of ten consecutive Years.
Decade
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Decade.
Decade Identifier
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes which misinform or mislead some other entity.
Deception Artifact Function
A Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since a specified Reference Time.
Decimal Date Identifier
Fractional Time of Day Identifier
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using a decimal value for the portion of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
Decimal Time of Day Identifier
A Washing Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment after (potential) contamination by radioactive, biological, or chemical material.
Decontamination Facility
An Artifact that is designed to distract or conceal what an individual or group might be looking for.
Decoy
A Change in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Decrease of Dependent Continuant
A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Disposition it bears.
Decrease of Disposition
A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Function that it bears.
Decrease of Function
A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in the level of a Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
For the most part Generically Dependent Continuants do not inhere in their bearers over some continuous scale. The primary exception is religion and this class allows annotation of those cases where an Agent is described as becoming less religious. Other cases would include the decrease of an organization's bearing of some objective.
Decrease of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Quality that it bears.
Weight Loss, Decreasing Temperature, decreasing color intensity, loss of structural integrity
Decrease of Quality
A Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Realizable Entity that it bears.
Decrease of Realizable Entity
A Decrease of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease of some Role that it bears.
Decrease of Role
A Decrease of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has a decrease in some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Decrease of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Prism designed to deflect a beam of light entering the Prism by a fixed angle.
Deflecting Prism
An Herbicide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes a plant to lose its leaves.
Defoliant Artifact Function
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact no longer maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least no longer maintains its primary functions).
Defunct Stasis
Change in Velocity
DeltaV
A Process Profile that is the total change in Velocity of an object's Motion.
Delta-v is not equivalent to and should not be confused with Acceleration, which is the rate of change of Velocity.
Delta-v
Density
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's mass per unit volume.
Mass Density
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace missing teeth.
Denture
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a downward, backward, or inward direction.
Depth
Descriptive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity.
Descriptive Information Content Entity
Designative ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that denote some Entity.
Designative Information Content Entity
Name
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified cultural or social namespace and which is typically a word or phrase in a natural language that has an accepted cultural or social significance.
Designative Name
A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that cleans substances in dilute solutions.
Detergent Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of combustion involving a supersonic exothermic front accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it.
Detonating Artifact Function
Conformance Measurement
Degree of Conformance
Degree of Deviation
Deviation Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity conforms to how it is expected or supposed to be.
In order for a Deviation to exist, an entity must first be expected, represented, prescribed, or predicted as being a certain way. Then, at a future time, this value can be compared to its actual, reported, or measured value to determine the Deviation between these values.
a missile impact deviates from its target location by 100 feet
a satellite deviaties from its predicted orbital path by 5 kilometers
an overweight piece of luggage deviates from an airline's maximum allowed weight by +10 pounds
'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity' and 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity' are complementary notions. Deviation is a measure of whether reality conforms to an ICE (e.g., a plan or prediction), whereas Veracity is a measure of whether a Descriptive ICE conforms to reality.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations ('Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a circle in virtue of the extent of a straight line that passes through the center of the circle and starts and ends on the circle's boundary.
Diameter
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a diffraction event in which the Artifact forces a wave to bend around the corners of an obstacle or aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle.
Diffraction Artifact Function
An Optical Instrument with a periodic structure that is designed to split and defract a beam of light into several beams travelling in different directions.
Diffraction Grating
An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of recording that information in digital (binary) format.
Digital Storage Device
An Abbreviated Name that is a familiar form of a Proper Name.
"Familiar form of a Proper Name" means: that the name is (originally) a short, affectionate version of the fuller name, used (originally) by family or friends.
Diminutive Name
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to transfer electrical power in the form of direct current.
Direct Current Power Source
Directive ICE
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or images (as in the case of a blueprint) that prescribe some Entity.
Directive Information Content Entity
A Quality inhering in an Agent by virtue a physical or mental condition that limits the Agent's movements, senses, or activities.
Disability
A Disposition to undergo pathological processes that exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism.
Disease
A Radio Receiver that uses a Parabolic (or Dish) Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Dish Receiver
A Prism designed to break up a beam of light entering the Prism into its constituent spectral colors by leveraging the refractive index of light based on its Frequency.
Dispersive Prism
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the spatial Distance to a specified object or class of objects.
Distance Measurement Artifact Function
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a One-Dimensional Extent inhering in some Site that is externally connected to two Independent Continuants.
Displacement (vector) is the shortest possible distance (scalar) between two points. Further thought is needed to adequately handle measurements of distance traveled along a path, e.g., a circuitous path or an arc (such as the surface of a planet), versus the simple case of a direct, straight line between two points.
Distance is a measure between two reference points, which are located on or in, or in some manner part of, the two obejcts for which the length of the extent between is sought. For exmple, the center point of the indentation of a ball in the sand and the edge of the foul line, the forwardmost point on a car's bumper and the closest point on the 2-dimensional plane that serves as the fiat boundary of a crosswalk, the center of an antenna array and closest point on ground.
Distance Measurement Information Content Entity
A Port that is designed with the cargo handling equipment necessary for the loading and unloading of Watercraft
Distribution Port
A Geospatial Region that is a fiat division of a Geopolitical Entity and not a Geopolitical Entity.
Flatbush, French Quarter, Western New York, Texas Panhandle, Greater Montreal Area of Quebec, Pacific Northwest, southwest area of Al Anbar Province, Northern Iraq.
Instances of this class are not proper geopolitical entities, but in some cases may have an organization that exercises some control over the region, such as the homeowners' association for a neighborhood.
Division of Geopolitical Entity
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in a series of paragraphs of text or diagrams in the form of physical pieces of paper or an electronic word processor file.
Document
An Information Bearing Entity that is a part of some document into which bearers of prescribed information can be writted or selected.
Document Field
A Document having Document Fields as parts in which to write or select prescribed content.
Document Form
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a border that hangs downwards.
Drooping
An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
EAN-13 Barcode
An EAN Barcode that consists of 8 numerical digits and is used to designate products at the point of sale.
EAN-8 Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 8 or 13 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
EAN Barcode
A Process Aggregate comprising the production, exchange, distribution and consumption of goods that occurs at some Geopolitical Entity.
Economy
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of transmiting accumulated knowledge skills and values from one generation to another.
Education Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
Educational Facility
An Organization whose purpose is to provide training or otherwise facilitate learning or the acquisition of knowledge, Skills, values, beliefs, or habits.
Educational Organization
Consequence
A Process that follows and is caused by some previous Process.
Effect
An Effect caused by some Act of Location Change and which results in an Object being located in a different place.
Effect of Location Change
Act of Political Election
A Social Act by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
Election
Battery
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to produce electric power by converting chemical energy to electrical energy.
Electric Battery
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit.
Electric Generator
Electric Engine
An Engine that is designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Electric Motor
Power Plant
A Facility that is designed to generate electrical power.
Electric Power Station
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform a process involving electrical power.
Electrical Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to conduct an electric current.
Electrical Conduction Artifact Function
An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to join electrical terminations to create an electrical circuit.
Electrical Connector Artifact Function
An Electrical Conduction Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used as an endpoint of an electrical circuit from which an electrical current is passed via physical contact with the endpoint.
Electrical Contact Artifact Function
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to generate electrical power.
Electrical Power Production Artifact Function
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, and transfer power in the form of electrical energy.
Electrical Power Source
A Power Source Component that is designed to be a component of some Electrical Power Source.
Electrical Power Source Component
Capacitance
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to store electrical power to be released at a later time.
Electrical Power Storage Artifact Function
A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact that is used to produce electromotive force across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field.
Electromagnetic Induction Artifact Function
EMP
Transient Electromagnetic Disturbance
An Electromagnetic Wave Process that consists of a short high-energy burst of electromagnetic energy.
Electromagnetic Pulse
A Frequency that is characterized by the rate of Oscillations per second of an Electromagnetic Wave.
Divisions between EM radiation frequencies are fiat and sources vary on where to draw boundaries.
Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency
A Disposition that inheres in an bearer in virtue of how that bearer interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic Radiation Property
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an electromagnetic field is blocked by barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials.
Electromagnetic Shielding Artifact Function
Electromagnetic Radiation
A Wave Process that is produced by charged particles, involves the periodic Oscillation of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other and the direction of wave propogation such that it has a Transverse Wave Profile, and which transfers electromagnetic radiant energy through a portion of space or matter.
Electromagnetic Wave Process
A Microscope that is designed to use a beam of accelerated electrons to illuminate the target and produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Electron Microscope
A Bond that consists of Bytes.
Electronic Bond
A Portion of Cash that consists of Bytes.
Electronic Cash
An Artifact that consists of a basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system that is used to affect electrons or their associated fields.
Electronic Component
A Signal Processing Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to process or transfer information contained in electronic signals.
Electronic Signal Processing Artifact Function
Stock that consists of Bytes.
Electronic Stock
A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to be the delivery destination of Email Messages that are addressed to the corresponding Email Address.
Email Box
A Message that is transmitted to the recipient's Email Box.
Email Message
Act of Emailing
An Act of Communication by Media in which text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices using some Email Client Software conveyed over the Internet.
Email Messaging
An Electrical Power Source that is designed to provide electrical power in an emergency situation by means of both alternating current and direct current.
Emergency AC/DC Power Source
A Radio Transmitter that is designed to signal distress and provide positional data for the entity it is located on.
Emergency Locator Transmitter
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which two or more liquids that are normally immiscible are mixed.
Emulsifier Artifact Function
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when the participating Artifact is no longer capable of realizing all of its designed primary Artifact Functions.
An End of Life Stasis (EoL) is distinguished from a Stasis of Partially Mission Capable or Stasis of Non-Mission Capable in that EoL is more inclusive such that the participating Artifact may be either Partially or Non-Mission Capable. Additionally, EoL applies only to Artifacts and is typically determined in relation to its original mission and designed primary functions. In contrast, an Artifact's level of Mission Capability depends on the requirements of the mission under consideration such that a given Artifact may simultaneously be Fully Mission Capable for mission1, Partially Mission Capable for mission2, and Non-Mission Capable for mission3.
End of Life Stasis
A Person who is the bearer of some Enemy Role.
Enemy
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent having committed offensive Acts or exhibited intent to perform such Acts towards a particular Agent or Group of Agents or has been declared as hostile by some appropriate authority.
Enemy Role
Motor
An Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.
Engine
Enhanced
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has undergone improvement (i.e., an increase or gain) due to a previous action or event such that the Independent Continuant is now of greater value, usefulness, or functionality.
Enhanced Stasis
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of intensifying, increainsg, or further improving the quality, value, or extent of some entity.
Enhancing Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed to host activities that are intended to hold the interest of, or give pleasure or delight to, an audience.
Entertainment Facility
An Artifact that is designed to control the temperature, air quality, or other feature of a Site that is relevant to the comfort or operation of entities located within that Site.
Controlling air quality typically involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odor, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other undesired gases or particulates.
Environment Control System
A Material Entity that is either a natural or man-made feature of the environment.
Environmental Feature
A Cooling System that is designed to cool some piece of equipment.
Equipment Cooling System
A Machine Element that is designed to support an Artifact.
Equipment Mount
A Process Aggregate comprising the delivery of one or more essential services.
An essential service is defined here as being one of: medical care, food and water, shelter, or sanitation.
Essential Service Provision
Estimate
Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
Estimated Value
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of an entity based on partial information about that entity or an appropriately similar entity.
Estimate Information Content Entity
A Group of Persons who identify with one another based on one or more shared inherited characteristics such as language, ancestry, nationality, culture, customs, religion, or social experiences.
Ethnic Group
A Quality that inheres in its bearers by virtue of a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture (often including a shared religion) and an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy.
Ethnicity
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun sets (approximately 6:00pm) and when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm).
Evening
A Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the current state of a process.
proposed, approved, planned, in progress, completed, failed, or successful
Event Status Nominal Information Content Entity
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired beucase of the rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner.
Explosive Artifact Function
Bomb
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a violent release of energy caused by the exothermic reaction of an explosive material.
Explosive Weapon
A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an external Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy to heat the working fluid, which transfers energy to the Engine where it is converted into mechanical energy.
External Combustion Engine
A Lighting System that is designed to be attached to some Vehicle and to emit colored light in order to signal that Vehicle's position, heading, and status.
External Navigation Lighting System
An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 3 and 30 petahertz.
Extreme Ultraviolet Light Frequency
ITU Band Number 11
Millimeter Band Frequency
A Microwave Frequency that is between 30 and 300 GHz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 mm
Extremely High Frequency
ITU Band Number 1
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 Hz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100,000–10,000 km
Extremely Low Frequency
A Bodily Component that consists of an organ that canonically affords the Agent it is part of with the ability to receive visual stimuli necessary for sight.
Eye
A Quality inhering in an Eye by virtue of the color of the Eye's Iris.
Eye Color
Frequency Modulation Radio Broadcast Frequency
A Very High Frequency that is between 88 and 108 MHz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region 2
FM Radio Broadcast Frequency
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the face of a human (typically male) or other animal.
Facial Hair
An Artifact that is designed as a building or campus dedicated to some specific purpose.
Facility
Act of Facsimile Transmission
Act of Faxing
An Act of Communication by Media in which the Information Content Entity that inheres in a Document is transmitted over a Telephone Network.
Facsimile Transmission
A Facility that is designed for manufacturing or refining material products.
Factory
A Group of Persons related to one another by ancestry or marriage.
Family
A Fluid Control Artifact that consists of a rotating arrangement of vanes or blades that are designed to act on a portion of fluid to create flow within it.
Fan
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 300 gigahertz and 20 terahertz.
Far Infrared Light Frequency
An Agricultural Facility that is designed to produce food and other crops.
Farm
A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer loses strength and tires quickly.
Fatigability
A Biological Sex inhering in an individual that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes.
Female Sex
An Enhancing Artifact Function that is realized in processes of supplying soilds or plant tissues with one or more plant nutrients essential to growth.
Fertilizer Artifact Function
A Process that is part of another Process and is differentiated from the whole conceptually.
Fiat Process Part
An Artifact that is designed to restrict access to the system it is part of by separating the entities that enter the Filter and only allowing entities of the specified type or with the specified properties to pass through.
Although its basic function remains the same, a Filter can be used in 2 different ways: (1) to allow only the desired entities to pass through (e.g. removing dirt from engine oil); or (2) to allow everything except the desired entities to pass through (e.g. panning for gold).
Filter
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which some solid entity is prevented from moving along with some quantity of liquid.
Filtration Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of managing money.
Financial Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed to support the management of money.
Financial Facility
An Artifact that is designed to be a tradeable asset and that is legally sanctioned.
Financial Instrument
A quality that inheres in an independent continuant to the degree that that independent continuant can serve as a medium of exchange in an economic system at a particular time.
Financial Value
Property Value
Financial Value that inheres in an material entity that is the object of an Act of Ownership.
Financial Value of Property
Fire Hall
Fire House
A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the storage of firefighting apparatus.
Fire Station
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Bullets or Cartridges.
Firearm
A Geopolitical Entity that is a primary administrative division of a Country.
First-Order Administrative Region
A Telephone Call transmitted over a telephone network where the telephones are wired into a single telephone exchange.
Fixed Line Network Telephone Call
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border without a significant deviation.
Flat
A Radio Transponder that is designed to produce a specified response (typically for identification, location, or status update purposes) when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation.
Flight Transponder
A Valve that is designed to regulate the flow or Pressure of a fluid.
Flow Control Valves are often more complex than a simple Valve and typically include an Actuator that is capable of automatically adjusting the state of the valve in response to signals from a connected Sensor or Controller.
Flow Control Valve
An Artifact that is designed to manipulate the flow of a fluid (i.e. a liquid or a gas).
Fluid Control Artifact
An Artifact that is designed to be a component of some Fluid Control Artifact.
Fluid Control Artifact Component
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the direction or flow of some fluid.
Fluid Control Artifact Function
A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light while absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, but not after.
Fluorescence
An Artifact that is designed to store rotational energy such that it has a significant moment of inertia which enables it to resist changes in rotational speed.
Flywheel
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of one part of the bearer being layered over another connected part.
Folded
A Process Profile that is the rate of change of an object's Momentum, is the product of an object's Mass and Acceleration with respect to an inertial frame of reference, and is measured in units of Newtons (N).
Force
A Military Facility that is designed to support the defense of or solidification of rule over some Geospatial Region and its inhabitants.
Fort
Forward Operating Base
A Military Base that is located relatively close to an offensive Area of Operations, is supported by the Base of Operations, and is designed to support local strategic objectives and tactical operations.
Forward Operations Base
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert fossil fuels (e.g. coal, natural gas, or petroleum) into electrical energy.
Fossil Fuel Power Plant
A Geopolitical Entity that is a subdivision of a Third-Order Administrative Region.
Fourth-Order Administrative Region
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the structural integrity of an entity is impaired because of a detonation which causes fragmentation.
Fragmentation Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of perceiving a pleasant or sweet odor.
Fragrance Artifact Function
Freight Car
A Train Car that is designed to transport cargo.
Freight Train Car
Temporal Frequency
A Process Profile that is characterized by the number of repetitive processes during a particular time period.
Frequency
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Frequency of a specified object or class of objects.
Frequency Measurement Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of reducing the force resisting the relative motion of surfaces in contact.
Friction Reduction Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of reacting with other substances in order to release chemical or nuclear energy as heat or ot be used for work.
Fuel Artifact Function
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte; converts chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction of positively charged hydrogen ions with an oxidizing agent (typically oxygen); and, if given a continuous source of fuel and oxidizing agent, can continuously produce electricity.
A Fuel Cell differs from a Battery in that it requires a continuous source of fuel and oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas a Battery only uses chemicals already stored inside it.
Fuel Cell
An Artifact that is designed to pump, manage, and deliver some Portion of Fuel to the Propulsion System and Auxiliary Power Unit of some Vehicle.
Fuel System
An Artifact that is designed to be a component of some Fuel System.
Fuel System Component
A Container that is designed to store a Portion of Fuel.
Fuel Tank
A Fuel System Component that is designed to facilitate the transfer of some Portion of Fuel from the Fuel Tank for use in some Engine.
Fuel Transfer System
A Fuel System Component that is designed to allow air into the Fuel Tank to take the place of burned fuel.
Fuel Ventilation System
A Video Camera that is designed to capture and record images of sufficiently high quality and in rapid enough succession that the resulting video supports smooth playback.
Full Motion Video Camera
An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce video of entities that is of high enough quality to make the represented motion appear continuous to human viewers.
Full Motion Video Imaging Artifact Function
A Sound Frequency that is the lowest Frequency of a Sound Wave.
Fundamental Frequency
Act of Funeral Ceremony
An Act of Ceremony in which the Life of a Person who has died is celebrated, sanctified, or remembered.
Funeral
An Anti-Microbial Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death of, some fungus or fungal spore.
Fungicide Artifact Function
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 12-14 numerical digits and is used in retail and healthcare.
Further variants of GS1 DataBar have not been defined here.
GS1 DataBar Barcode
A Change in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant.
Gain of Dependent Continuant
A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Disposition.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the occurs_on property) that the Entity bears the Disposition.
Gain of Disposition
A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Function.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the occurs_on property) that the Entity bears the Function.
Gain of Function
A Gain of Dependent Continuant wherein some Independent Continuant becomes the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant.
A Person forms a Plan, A Person is initiated into a Religion, A photgraphic image is produced.
Gain of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which an Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Quality.
Gain of Quality
A Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Realizable Entity.
An informant becomes unreliable (disposition), A person begins to speak French (function), a person becomes a welder (role).
Gain of Realizable Entity
A Gain of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant becomes bearer of some Role.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through the occurs_on property) that the Entity bears the Role.
Gain of Role
A Gain of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant becomes the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant.
A Person becomes pregnant (gain of quality), A person becomes forgetful (gain of disposition), A vehicle becomes amphibious (gain of function), A Person becomes a Database Administrator (gain of role).
Gain of Specifically Dependent Continuant
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is above 30 exahertz.
Currently gamma radiation is distinguished from x-rays by their source--either inside or outside of the nucleus--rather than by frequency, energy, and wavelength. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray#Naming_conventions_and_overlap_in_terminology
Gamma Ray Frequency
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Gamma-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Gamma-ray Telescope
A Refinery that is designed for refining natural gas into products of value.
Gas Processing Facility
Combustion Turbine
An Internal Combustion Engine that has a rotating compressor and a turbine and is designed to operate utilizing continous Combustion to produce Thrust, either directly via exhaust or indirectly via a prop.
Gas Turbine
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to regulate the voltage of some Electrical Power Source.
Generator Control Unit
An Environmental Feature that is a natural (i.e. not human made) topographical feature having a (relatively) stable location in some Geospatial Region which can be designated by location-specific data.
Geographic Feature
A Geospatial Region that delimits the authority of a formally constituted Government to exercise its control within the bounded area.
Geopolitical Entity
A Geospatial Boundary that is a boundary of some Geopolitical Entity.
Geopolitical Entity Border
A One-Dimensional Continuant Fiat Boundary that is a boundary of some Geospatial Region.
Geospatial Boundary
Geographic Coordinate System
A Spatial Reference System that is used to determine and identify the location of a point or object at or near the surface of the Earth.
Geospatial Coordinate Reference System
A Geospatial Boundary that is formed by following a symmetric arc between four vertices which are connected to the center point of the ellipse via a straight line.
Geospatial Ellipse
A Geospatial Boundary that bounds some Geospatial Region according to probability estimations for locating some object within it.
Geospatial Error Region
A Geospatial Line String that has only two vertices.
Geospatial Line
A Geospatial Boundary that has two or more Geospatial Positions as vertices, where each vertex is connected to only one other vertex by a straight line.
Geospatial Line String
A Geospatial Region at which an Entity or Event is located.
Geospatial Location
A Geospatial Line String that has at least three vertices where the connecting lines form a closed loop.
Geospatial Polygon
A zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is at or near the surface of the Earth and fixed according to some Geospatial Coordinate Reference System.
Geospatial Position
A Site at or near the surface of the Earth.
Geospatial Region
A Geospatial Polygon that has some Geospatial Region as a non-tangential proper part.
Geospatial Region Bounding Box
A Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate that is comprised of 4 pairs of coordinates, one for each of the 4 defining points (North, West, South, East) of a Geospatial Region Bounding Box.
Geospatial Region Bounding Box Identifier List
An Equipment Mount that consists of a pivoted support that allows an Artifact to Rotate about one or more Axes.
Gimbal
A Color that resembles a yellow-orange Hue with the added feature of having a metallic shine.
Gold Color
An Organization that exercises executive, legislative, or judicial authority over a Geopolitical Entity.
Government
An Organization that is part of a Government and is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific governmental functions.
Government Agency
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which public policy is administered and the actions of its members are directed.
Government Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for the administration of a community.
Government Building
A Color that is between Yellow and Cyan with a wavelength in the visible spectrum, typically between 520 to 560 nanometers.
Green
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Greenwich Mean Time.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London and has been superseded by Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Greenwich Mean Time Zone Identifier
A Calendar Day in the Gregorian Calendar.
A Gregorian Day is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Gregorian Day
A Calendar Year in the Gregorian Calendar.
A Gregorian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.2425 Gregorian Days. The Gregorian Year is based upon the vernal equinox year. Unless otherwise stated, instances of Calendar Year are assumed to be instances of Gregorian Year since the Gregorian Calendar is the most widely used civil Calendar System.
Gregorian Year
Hand Grenade
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be relatively small and to be thrown by hand.
Grenade
A Color between white and black colors.
Grey
A Commercial Facility that is designed to sell food.
Grocery Store
A Ground Vehicle that is designed to receive its motive power from an Engine and is not designed to travel on rails.
Ground Motor Vehicle
A Moving Target Indication Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and track entities moving on or near the ground.
Ground Moving Target Indication Artifact Function
Ground Trace
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region defined by the line formed on the surface of an Astronomical Body by projecting an imaginary line from the center of the tracked Object to the center of the Astronomical Body as the Object travels above the surface.
The Ground Track is the line on the surface of the Earth or other Astronomical Body that is located directly below the Object Track.
Ground Track
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point located on the surface of an Astronomical Body directly below an Object Track Point.
Ground Track Point
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by some form of ground travel.
Ground Vehicle
An Object Aggregate that has only Agents as parts.
Group of Agents
A Group of Agents that has only Organizations as parts.
Group of Organizations
A Group of Agents that has only Persons as parts.
Group of Persons
A Quality inhering in a portion of Hair by virtue of its color.
Hair Color
A Firearm that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to be held in one or two hands and to be fired without being braced against the shoulder.
Hand Gun
An X-Ray Frequency that is between 3 and 30 exahertz.
Hard X-ray Frequency
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which it can be turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
Hardness
A Color that is a combination of Brown and Green, typically associated with eye color.
Hazel
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which health is restored to an unbalanced, diseased, or damaged organism.
Healing Artifact Function
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of treating and preventing illness.
Healthcare Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
Healthcare Facility
A Medical Artifact that is designed to improve hearing for its user.
Hearing Aid
An Engine that is designed to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy.
Heat Engine
An Artifact that is designed to regulate the temperature of a computer by the passive transfer of heat away from other components in the computer.
Heat Sink
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the thermal energy of a system increases.
Heating Artifact Function
An Environment Control System that is designed to heat the air or objects in a Site.
Heating System
A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire ammunition greater than .50 caliber or 12.7mm ammunition in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs more than 30lbs.
Heavy Machine Gun
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a vertical direction.
Height
A Wire Antenna that consists of a conducting wire wound in the form of a helix that is typically mounted over a ground plane with a feed line connected between the bottom of the helix and the ground plane.
Helical Antenna
An Airport that is designed for launching, receiving, and housing Rotorcraft.
Heliport
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes harm to, or the death to, unwanted plants.
Herbicide Artifact Function
A Populated Place which is characterized by densely contained multiple-unit living structures.
Anderson et. al. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for use with Remote Sensor Data, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964
High Density Residential Area
ITU Band Number 7
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 MHz.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 m
High Frequency
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some High Frequency.
High Frequency Communication Instrument
A Road that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel between relatively major destinations.
Highway
A Road Junction that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one or more Highways and enter another Highway without directly crossing any other traffic stream.
Highway Interchange
A Machine Bearing that is designed to limit the angle of Rotation between two solid objects.
Hinge
Microwave Horn
A Radio Antenna that consists of a flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn to direct radio waves in a beam and can be used on its own or as a feeder for larger antenna structures, such as Parabolic Antennas.
Horn Antenna
A Healthcare Facility that is designed to provide patient treatment with specialized staff and equipment.
Hospital
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of accommodation food and beverage meeting and events gaming entertainment and recreation tourism services and visitor information.
Hospitality Artifact Function
A Residential Facility that is designed to temporarily lodge guests in a sociable environment for relatively low costs.
Hostel
A Residential Facility that is designed to provide lodging that is paid for on a short-term basis.
Hotel
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to sixty consecutive Minutes.
Hour
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Hour.
Hour Identifier
A Residential Facility that is designed to provide a self-standing, permanent residence for an individual, family, household, multiple families, or similar-sized group.
House
A Cannon that is designed to have a relatively short barrel and to use relatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles in relatively high trajectories with a steep angle of descent.
Howitzer
A Hydraulic Power Source Component that is designed to store some hydraulic fluid for use in some Hyrdraulic Power Source.
Hydraulic Fluid Reservoir
A Physically Powered Engine that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement.
Hydraulic Motor
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of pressurized liquid.
Hydraulic Power Source
A Power Source Component that is designed to be a component of some Hydraulic Power Source.
Hydraulic Power Source Component
A Hydraulic Power Source Component that is designed to transfer hydraulic power from one of an Aircraft's hydraulic systems to another in the event that a system has failed or been turned off.
Hydraulic Power Transfer Unit
A Hydraulic Power Source Component that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of a liquid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Hydraulic Valve
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert hydropower into electrical power.
Hydroelectric Power Plant
A Geographic Feature associated with water.
Hydrographic Feature
An EAN Barcode that is used to designate books.
ISBN Barcode
An EAN Barcode that is used to designate periodicals.
ISSN Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an even number of numerical characters and is used primarily in packaging and distribution.
ITF Barcode
IFF
A Radio Transponder that is designed to automatically transmit a predefined signal in response to receiving an appropriate interrogation signal such that the entity it is located on can be positively identified as friendly.
Identification Friend or Foe Transponder
An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about how some part of the world is or should be and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents such that it forms the basis of their beliefs, goals, expectations, and motivations.
Ideology
Ignition
A Natural Process that initiates a Combustion process.
Ignition Process
An Artifact that is designed to produce an Ignition process.
Ignition System
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that represents some entity.
Image
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities.
Imaging Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to produce images (visual representations) of an entity.
Imaging Instrument
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact reduces the damage caused to the shielded object by an impact with another object.
Impact Shielding Artifact Function
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be used in non-conventional military action.
Improvised Explosive Device
Imp
Impulse
A Process Profile that is the integral of a Force that is applied to a portion of matter over a period of time.
An Impulse changes the Momentum (and potentially also the direction of Motion) of the object it is applied to and is typically measured in Newton meters.
Impulsive Force
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of starting a fire.
Incendiary Weapon
Corporation
An Organization formed by an Act of Incorporation that consists of an association of individuals, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members and owners, and having powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members and owners.
Incorporated Organization
A Change in which some Independent Continuant has an increase in the level of some Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Increase of Dependent Continuant
An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Disposition that it bears.
Increase of Disposition
An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Function that it bears.
Increase of Function
An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Generically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Increase of Generically Dependent Continuant
An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Indpendent Continuant has an increase of some Quality that it bears.
Increase of Quality
An Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Realizable Entity that it bears.
Increase of Realizable Entity
An Increase of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Role that it bears.
Increase of Role
An Increase of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant has an increase of some Specifically Dependent Continuant that it bears.
Increase of Specifically Dependent Continuant
INS
A Navigation System that is designed to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references.
Inertial Navigation System
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry infantry into battle and to provide fire support for them.
Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFVs) are differentiated from Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) because they are designed to give direct fire support to the dismounted infantry and so usually have significantly enhanced armament. IFVs also often have improved armour and firing ports (allowing the infantry to fire personal weapons while mounted).
Infantry Fighting Vehicle
An Artifact that carries an Information Content Entity and is designed to do so using a particular format or structure.
Information Bearing Artifact
IBE
An Object upon which an Information Content Entity generically depends.
Information Bearing Entity
ICE
A Generically Dependent Continuant that generically depends on some Information Bearing Entity and stands in relation of aboutness to some Entity.
Information Content Entity is here intended to be a class of Entities whose instances are the informational content of Information Bearing Entities. For example, three instances of information bearers -- such as a bar chart, color-coded map, and a written report -- each of which lists the GDP of Countries for the year 2010 are each different carriers of the same information content. It is this content that is generically dependent upon its carrier. This treatment of Informational Content Entity (cf. the Information Artifact Ontology) leads to a principle of subtyping based upon the relationship that ICE's have with the Entity they are about rather than characteristics such as format, language, measurement scale, or media. The latter are treated here as being Qualities of bearers.
Information Content Entity
An Information Bearing Artifact that consists of a single line or row of some larger Information Bearing Artifact of which it is a part.
a line in a computer file that bears a portion of code for some computer program
Information Line
An Artifact that is designed to have some Information Bearing Artifact as part.
An empty notebook, when manufactured, is a medium but not yet a carrier of information content. However, a book, in the sense of a novel or collection of philosophical essays or poems, depends necessarily on it carrying some information content. Thus, there are no empty books. Likewise, there are no empty databases, only portions of digital storage that have not yet been configured to carry some information content according to a database software application.
Information Medium Artifact
An Artifact that is designed to use algorithms to transform some Information Content Entity into another Information Content Entity.
Information Processing Artifact
IQE
A Quality that concretizes some Information Content Entity.
Typically, an IQE will be a complex pattern made up of multiple qualities joined together spatially.
Information Quality Entity
Thermal Imaging Camera
Thermographic Camera
A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from infrared radiation.
Infrared Camera
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 gigahertz and 430 tetrahertz.
Infrared Light Frequency
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing infrared light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Infrared Telescope
A Sound Frequency that is below 20 Hz.
Infrasonic Frequency
An Artifact that bears an Infrastructure Role.
Infrastructure
A Role that inheres in facilities and systems in virture of their being necessary for the economy of a geopolitical region to function
Infrastructure Role
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to inhibit the motion of some object.
Inhibiting Motion Artifact Function
An Abbreviated Name that consists of the initial letters of some words (or syllables) in a Designative Name, and in which each letter is pronounced separately.
Initialism
A Pesticide Artifact Function that is realized in a process that causes harm to, or the death of, an insect.
Insecticide Artifact Function
Act of IMing
Act of Instant Messaging
An Act of Communication by Media in which real-time direct text-based communication occurs between two or more people using personal computers or other devices, along with shared Instant Messaging Client Software conveyed over a network, such as the Internet.
Instant Messaging
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear information about some Artifact that is derived by the instrumentation Sensors of that Artifact.
Instrument Display Panel
An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is prescribed by some Directive Information Content Entity held by at least one of the Agents.
Intentional Act
A Communication System that is designed to enable some Act of Communication between end points within a building, small collection of buildings, or within a small area of service.
Intercommunication System
A Lighting System that is designed to emit light within the interior of some area.
Interior Lighting System
A Combustion Engine that is designed to have an internal Combustion Chamber where portions of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture are burned to generate thermal energy that is then converted into mechanical energy.
Internal Combustion Engine
A Role that inheres in a Person in virtue of the obligations, expectations, or social norms that govern that Person's Intentional Acts within the context of a relationship with another Person.
Interpersonal Relationship Role
An Intercommunication System that that is designed to facilitate some Act of Communication between agents by means of audio messages.
Interphone
Interval Estimate
Interval Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of an interval of possible (or probable) values for the measured entity.
Interval Estimate Information Content Entity
A Measurement Information Content Entity that places a Quality of an Entity onto some interval scale having no true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached -27 degrees Fahrenheit on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of an interval measurement as 0 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale does not describe absolute zero.
Four of the subtypes of measurements used here (Interval, Nominal, Ordinal, and Ratio) were originally defined by S.S. Stevens in the article "On the Theory of Scales of Measurement" in Science, Vol. 103 No. 2684 on June 7, 1946. For an introductory article with links to additional content including criticisms and alternate classifications of measurements see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_measurement
Interval Measurement Information Content Entity
A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from maximum to minimum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the minimum to maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Inverse Sawtooth Waveform
A Bodily Component that consists of the part of an Eye that is a pigmented, round, contractile membrane, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil, and which canonically regulates the amount of light entering the Eye.
Iris
An EAN Barcode that consists of 13 numerical digits and is used primarily in Japan to designate products at the point of sale.
JAN-13 Barcode
A Reaction Engine that discharges a fast moving jet that generates Thrust by jet propulsion.
Some (most) jet engines utilize turbines, but some do not. Most rocket engines do not utilize turbines, but some do.
Jet Engine
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear a specific brief composition on a specific topic as part of a Journal Issue.
Journal Article
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Julian Date epoch.
Julian Date
Julian Date Time Identifier
Julian Day Fraction
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Julian Day.
Julian Date Fraction
A Decimal Time of Day Identifier that designates a Julian Date and is composed of both a Julian Day Number and a Julian Date Fraction.
Julian Date Identifier
A Calendar Day in the Julian Calendar.
A Julian Day begins at noon Universal Time and is twenty-four Hours in duration.
Julian Day
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Julian Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the Julian Date epoch.
Julian Day Number
A Calendar Year in the Julian Calendar.
A Julian Year begins concurrently with January 1, ends concurrently with December 31, and has an average duration of exactly 365.25 Julian Days. Julian Years are typically indicated by prefixing a capital 'J' in front of the Year number, e.g. J2000.0 or J2018.
Julian Year
An Explosive Weapon that is designed to be concealed under or on the ground and to detonate as its target passes over or near it.
Land Mine
A Waste Management Facility that is designed for disposing of waste by burial.
Landfill
A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network through a pair of wires.
Landline Telephone
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes a canonical format for communication.
Language
A Skill that is realized by an Act which is prescribed by a Language.
Language Skill
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain multiple Rocket Launchers.
Large-Scale Rocket Launcher
An Artifact that is designed to emit light coherently through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Laser
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a lead anode and lead oxide cathode.
Lead Acid Electric Battery
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of giving legal advice to clients drafting legal documents for clients and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits.
Legal Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed as a formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.
Legal Instrument
A Proper Name that is an official name for the designated entity as determined by a Government or court of law.
Legal Name
An Intentional Act performed by an Agent that realizes their role within the context of a legal system of some jurisdiction.
Legal System Act
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's greatest extent in one direction.
Length
A Fiat Process Part participated in by the Agent of some Biographical Life.
Life Event
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to enable an organism to continue living in a situation where death would otherwise occur.
Life Support Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to lift some object.
Lifting Artifact Function
A Long Gun that is designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine and to be employed by an individual soldier, with or without assistance, and typically weighing 9-22 lbs.
Light Machine Gun
An Artifact that is designed to emit light within some area.
Lighting System
An Information Bearing Artifact that represents an ordered sequence of values, where the same value may occur more than once.
List
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that produces electricity when lithium ions move from anode to cathode.
Lithium-ion Electric Battery
Locality
A Geopolitical Entity that delimits a local Government.
Local Administrative Region
A Rail Transport Vehicle that is designed to provide the motive power for a Train.
Locomotive
A Firearm that is designed to have a longer barrel than a Hand Gun and to be fired while braced against the shoulder.
Long Gun
Compression Wave
Longitudinal Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is parallel to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation such that the particles alternate between participating in processes of compression and rarefaction as they participate in individual Wave Processes.
Longitudinal Wave Profile
A Change in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer or carrier of some Dependent Continuant.
Loss of Dependent Continuant
A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Disposition.
Loss of Disposition
A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Function.
Loss of Function
A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the carrier of some Generically Dependent Continuant.
Loss of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Quality.
Loss of Quality
A Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Realizable Entity.
Loss of Realizable Entity
A Loss of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Role.
Loss of Role
A Loss of Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant ceases to be the bearer of some Specifically Dependent Continuant.
Loss of Specifically Dependent Continuant
A Code Identifier that designates a particular quantity or lot of material from a single manufacturer.
Lot Number
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the amplitude, frequency and power of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from soft to loud.
Loudness
A Populated Place where houses are on lots of more than one acre.
Low Density Residential Area
ITU Band Number 5
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 kHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 km
Low Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 250 and 500 Hz.
Low Midrange Frequency
An Artifact that is designed to contain, transfer, and regulate the flow of lubricant to multiple locations in an Artifact.
A Lubrication System typical consists of a reservoir, pump, heat exchanger, filter, regulator, valves, sensors, pipes, and hoses. In some cases it also includes the passageways and openings within the artifact it is designed to lubricate. For example, the oil holes in a bearing and crankshaft.
Lubrication System
An Optical Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light, but which isn't the result of the bearer being heated.
There are a variety of photometric measurements, such as luminous flux/power or luminous intensity, whose units are lumen and candela respectively, which attempt to describe properties associated with the perception of light. These are weighted measurements, typically by the luminosity function, as thus exist on the side of information content. It is a point of further development to add the needed intrinsic properties of radiation that such measurements are about.
Luminescent Property
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of the Moon's phases.
Lunar Calendar System
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of an indefinite number of numerical characters and is used for inventory control and marking storage containers and shelves in warehouse environments.
MSI Plessey Barcode
A Machine Element that is designed to constrain relative motion to only desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.
Machine Bearing
An Artifact that is designed to be an elementary component of some Machine.
Machine Element
A Color consisting of red and blue hues.
Magenta
A Disposition that is realized when its bearer exerts a magnetic force on another entity.
Magnetism
Act of Mailing
An Act of Communication by Media in which information and tangible objects, usually written documents, are delivered to destinations around the world.
Mailing
A Facility that is designed for the systematic physical transportation of documents and packages.
Mailing Facility
A Facility that is designed to be used to perform actions to maintain or improve the state of some property or equipment.
Maintenance Facility
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse.
Major Axis
A Biological Sex inhering in an individual whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
Male Sex
Hand Tool
A Tool that is designed to be powered by manual labor rather than by an engine.
Manual Tool
A Color consisting of purple and brown hue.
Maroon
Married Stasis
A Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant that consists of a socially, culturally, or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws.
Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E. L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2011). Cultural Anthropology: The Human Challenge (13th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-81178-7
Married
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the amount of matter in that bearer.
'Matter' here can also refer to the inertial energy of an object.
Typical unit of measure is the kilogram or pound.
Mass
A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of Mass that a Material Entity should have.
Mass Specification
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the largest or having the greatest amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Maximum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Power that is characterized by the maximum rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period.
Maximum Power
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the highest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate.
Maximum Speed Artifact Function
Arithmetic Mean
Average
Mean
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the sum of all the values in the set divided by the total number of values in the set.
Mean Point Estimate Information Content Entity
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure one or more features of a specified object or class of objects.
Measurement Artifact Function
Measurement ICE
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes the extent, dimensions, quantity, or quality of an Entity relative to some standard.
Measurement Information Content Entity
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention and/or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same physical quantity.
Measurement Unit
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate at which objects change their velocities per unit of time.
feet per second per second, kilometers per second per second
Measurement Unit of Acceleration
Measurement Unit of Chemical Amount
Measurement Unit of Enplethy
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the number of a specified type of particle in a portion of matter.
The type of particle quantified is typically either atoms or molecules, but may also be protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks, or other particles. The type of particle being measured should always be specified along with the measurement and its unit.
Measurement Unit of Amount of Substance
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the angle between two lines or planes in relation to a vertex.
Measurement Unit of Angle
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of two-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
square feet, square meters, acre, hectare
Measurement Unit of Area
Measurement Unit of Second Area Moment
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to an axis.
A measure of an object’s resistance to bending or deflection.
Measurement Unit of Area Moment of Inertia
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the mass of an object per unit of its total volume.
Measurement Unit of Density
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the electromagnetic force between electrically charged entities.
Measurement Unit of Electromagnetic Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the Amount of work that is available in an object.
Measurement Unit of Energy
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate at which portions of a substance pass per unit of time.
Measurement Unit of Flow
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of interactions in which the Motion or Velocity of an object is changed, unless the interaction is opposed.
Measurement Unit of Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the number of times an event repeats per unit of time.
Measurement Unit of Frequency
A Measurement Unit specifying the geospatial coordinates of a location.
Measurement Unit of Geocoordinate
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the integral of a Force applied to a portion of matter over a temporal interval.
Measurement Unit of Impulse
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of one-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Measurement Unit of Length
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of an object's resistance to Acceleration when a Force is applied to the object.
Measurement Unit of Mass
A Measurement Unit of Flow used in measurements of the rate at which the Mass of a substance passes per unit time.
kilogram per second, slug per second, pound per second
Measurement Unit of Mass Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the Momentum of a portion of matter that is in Motion.
Measurement Unit of Momentum
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of rates of work.
Measurement Unit of Power
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of Force applied perpendicular to a surface per unit area.
pascal, atmosphere, pound-force per square inch
Measurement Unit of Pressure
Measurement Unit of Moment of Inertia
Measurement Unit of Rotational Mass
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the distribution of Mass of an object with respect to its axis of rotation.
A measure of an object’s resistance to change in its state of rotation.
Measurement Unit of Rotational Inertia
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the level (the loudness) of sounds.
Measurement Unit of Sound Level
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rates at which objects traverse distance.
miles per hour, kilometers per hour, knot, mach
Measurement Unit of Speed
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the thermal energy in an object.
Measurement Unit of Temperature
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of temporal regions.
Measurement Unit of Time
Measurement Unit of Moment of Force
Measurement Unit of Rotational Force
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of the rate of change of angular momentum of an object.
Measurement Unit of Torque
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of sites or three-dimensional regions or Geospatial Regions.
Measurement Unit of Volume
A Measurement Unit of Flow used in measurements of the rate at which volumes of fluid pass per unit time.
cubic metres per second, standard cubic centimeters per minute, cubic feet per second, gallons per minute
Measurement Unit of Volumetric Flow Rate
A Measurement Unit used in measurements of displacements of points to which Forces have been applied.
Measurement Unit of Work
A Process that is the realization of some Disposition of an Artifact
Mechanical Process
A Wave Process that involves Oscillation of a portion of matter such that energy is transferred through the material medium.
Mechanical Wave Process
Median
A Point Estimate of the 50th percentile of a measurement of some attribute of a population. that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the middle value (or, in a set containing an even number of values, the average of the two middle-most values) which separates the set into two equally populated upper and lower sets of values.
Median Point Estimate Information Content Entity
An Artifact that is designed for diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease or disability.
Medical Artifact
A Storage Facility that is designed to store medical supplies.
Medical Depot
ITU Band Number 6
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 kHz and 3 MHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 m
Medium Frequency
A Mounted Gun that is designed to fire full-power rifle Cartridges (less than .50 caliber or 12.7mm) in quick succession from an ammunition belt, and which typically weighs 22-30 lbs.
Medium Machine Gun
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is relatively brief and to be transmitted from a sender to a recipient.
Message
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to enable users to see Objects that are otherwise too small to be seen by the naked eye by producing a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Microscope
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 300 GHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–1 mm
Microwave Frequency
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 20 and 214 terahertz.
Mid Infrared Light Frequency
A Sonic Frequency that is between 500 Hz and 2 kHz.
Midrange Frequency
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to the armed services.
Military Artifact Function
A Military Facility that is designed to shelter military equipment and personnel and to facilitate training and operations.
Military Base
A Facility that is designed to support a Military Force.
Military Facility
A Military Facility that is designed for military administration and coordination.
Military Headquarters Facility
An Armed Force authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the Government and some or all of its Citizens.
Military Personnel Force
A Time Zone Identifier that designates a spatial region where the local time is calculated according to the specified offset from Zulu time, which has no offset from Coordinated Universal Time.
Military Time Zone Identifier
A Facility that is designed to support the extraction of valuable minerals and geological materials from the earth from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposits which forms the mineralized package of economic interest to the miner.
Mine
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of some entity in virtue of it being the smallest or having the least amount relative to a nominally described set of like entities.
Minimum Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains the lowest speed at which that Artifact is designed to operate.
Minimum Speed Artifact Function
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is the longest line segment perpendicular to the Major Axis that connects two points on the edge of an Ellipse.
Minor Axis
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to sixty consecutive Seconds.
Minute
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Minute.
Minute Identifier
An Optical Instrument that is designed to reflect light that has a wavelength within a given range and is incident on its relflecting surface such that the reflected light maintains most of the characteristics of the original light.
Mirror
A Military Facility that is designed for storing and launching missiles.
Missile Launch Site
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Precision-Guided Missiles.
Missile Launcher
A Telephone that is connected to a Telephone Network by radio waves.
Mobile Telephone
Mode
Statistical Mode
A Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a set of values and is equal to the value(s) that occurs the most often in the set.
While there is always at least one Mode for every set of data, it is possible for any given set of data to have multiple Modes. The Mode is typically most useful when the members of the set are all Nominal Measurement Information Content Entities.
Mode Point Estimate Information Content Entity
A Time of Day as specified according to the Julian Calendar using the Modified Julian Date epoch.
A Day begins at midnight GMT within the Modified Julian Date reference system. The Modified Julian Date (MJD) is related to the Julian Date (JD) by the formula: MJD = JD - 2400000.5
Modified Julian Date
A Process Profile of an object in Motion that is the product of its Mass and Velocity with respect to a frame of reference.
The SI unit of measure for Momentum is Newton seconds (N s).
Momentum
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is based on the approximate length of time required for a Natural Satellite to complete one cycle of its rotational motion around its Primary Body.
Unless otherwise specified, it is assumed that a Month is specified relative to the Rotational Motion of the Moon around the Earth. Earth Months are approximately equal to four consecutive Weeks or 30 consecutive Days.
Month
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Month.
Month Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that consists of the temporal regions between when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am) and reaches its apex (approximately 12:00pm).
Morning
A Cannon that is designed to fire projectiles at relatively low velocities over relatively short ranges.
Mortar
A Religious Facility that is designed for Islamic worship and prayer.
Mosque
A Hotel that is designed to accommodate motor vehicles along with their occupants.
Motel
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an entity changes its position with respect to time.
Motion Artifact Function
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Motion of a specified object or class of objects.
Motion Observation Artifact Function
A Natural Process in which a Continuant changes its Location or Spatial Orientation over some Temporal Interval.
Motion
A Factory that is designed to manufacture automobiles.
Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Facility
Motorbike
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to transport a very small number of passengers (usually 1 or 2) while traveling on two or three tired wheels.
Motorcycle
A Firearm that is designed to be fired while mounted.
Mounted Gun
A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to identify and produce visual representations of moving entities by using a radar to emit successive phase coherent pulses, which are sampled and added to the subsequent pulse to cancel out signals from non-moving entities such that only signals from moving entities remain and are displayed.
Moving Target Indication Artifact Function
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Days and spans at least one Day.
This is a defined class.
Multi-Day Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Day Temporal Interval.
Multi-Day Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Hours and spans at least one Hour.
Multi-Hour Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Hour Temporal Interval.
Multi-Hour Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Minutes and spans at least one Minute.
Multi-Minute Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Minute Temporal Interval.
Multi-Minute Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Months and spans at least one Month.
Multi-Month Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Month Temporal Interval.
Multi-Month Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Seconds and spans at least one Second.
Multi-Second Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Second Temporal Interval.
Multi-Second Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Weeks and spans at least one Week.
Multi-Week Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Week Temporal Interval.
Multi-Week Temporal Interval Identifier
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is measured in Years and spans at least one Year.
Multi-Year Temporal Interval
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Multi-Year Temporal Interval.
Multi-Year Temporal Interval Identifier
A Sound Wave Process that is caused by a projectile being pushed from the barrel of a firearm by an explosive charge.
Muzzle Blast
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location downward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction of the apparent Gravitational Force at that location.
Nadir
A Process existing in or produced by nature; rather than by the intent of human beings.
Natural Process
A Language that is developed and evolves through use and repetition, rather than through conscious planning or premeditation.
Natural Language
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to determine the precise location of itself or another object and plan a route to a specified destination.
Navigation Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to enable an Agent or Artifact to determine the position or direction of some object, usually for the purpose of monitoring or controlling the movement of some Vehicle from one place to another.
Navigation System
An Infrared Light Frequency that is between 214 and 400 terahertz.
Near Infrared Light Frequency
An Ultraviolet Light Frequency that is between 750 terahertz and 3 petahertz.
Near Ultraviolet Light Frequency
An Allegiance Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent not performing or being committed to perfoming Acts that have as their Objective to either support or undermine the Objectives of an Agent or Group of Agents involved in some conflict.
Neutral Role
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
Neutralization Artifact Function
NiCad Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a cadmium anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode.
Nickel Cadmium Electric Battery
NiMH Battery
A Secondary Cell Electric Battery that has a metal-hydride anode and nickel oxide hydroxide cathode.
Nickel-metal Hydride Electric Battery
A Designative Name that is a familiar or humorous substitute for an entity's Proper Name.
Nickname
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that consists of the temporal regions between when people typically retire to sleep (approximately 9:00pm) and when the sun dawns (approximately 6:00am).
Night
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that classifies Entities according to some shared, possibly arbitrary, characteristic.
The sentence "January 20, 1985 was a cold day in Chicago, IL" is the carrier of a nominal measurement.
a measurement that classifies automobiles as sedans, coupes, hatchbacks, or convertibles
a measurement that classifies military intelligence as strategic, operational, or tactical
a measurement that classifies rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
Nominal Measurement Information Content Entity
A Speed Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which the Artifact bearing the Artifact Function attains a speed that does not exceed some specified tolerance of that Artifact.
Nominal Speed Artifact Function
Nominal
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears a Quality or Realizable Entity that has a level of intensity or functionality that falls within the designed, expected, or acceptable range such that the Independent Continuant is of normal value, usefulness, or functionality.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nominal (Definition 6)
Nominal Stasis
Identifier
A Designative Information Content Entity that consists of a string of characters that designates an entity within a specified namespace or context, is not a Designative Name, may be automatically or randomly generated, and typically has no preexisting cultural or social significance.
Non-Name Identifier
A Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a scenario that has been determined to merit attention by the recipient.
Notification Message
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to control the speed, direction, rate, shape, or pressure of the flow of fluid exiting it.
Nozzle
A Fluid Control Artifact Component that is designed to be part of a Nozzle.
Nozzle Component
A Nozzle Component that consists of the portion of a Nozzle at the end that is designed to be where the flow of fluid exits the Nozzle.
Nozzle Mouth
A Nozzle Component that consists of the narrowest portion of a Nozzle that is designed to converge the flow of fluid in order to increase the Velocity of the flow.
Nozzle Throat
A Family composed of parents and their children.
Nuclear Family
A Thermal Power Plant that is designed to produce heat by means of a nuclear reactor, which is then converted to electrical energy.
Nuclear Power Plant
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to detect the presence of nuclear radiation particles.
Nuclear Radiation Detection Artifact Function
A Power Source that is designed to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction to produce power in the form of heat, which can be transferred to a working fluid for further conversion to mechanical or electrical energy.
Nuclear Reactor
A Storage Facility that is designed to store nuclear material.
Nuclear Storage Depot
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of a destructive nuclear reaction, either through fission or through a combination of fission and fusion.
Nuclear Weapon
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that consists of the idealized line along which an Object has traversed during some motion.
The exact line of the Object Track may be drawn based on the Center of Mass of the Object or another reference point, such as the location of a transponder beacon or the center of a radar cross-section, depending on the Object being tracked.
Object Track
A Zero-Dimensional Spatial Region that is an idealized point where an Object is or was located during some motion.
Object Track Point
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some projected state that some Agent intends to achieve.
Objective
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having an long thin shape with approximately parallel sides.
Oblong
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about a specified object or class of objects.
Observation Artifact Function
A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill within the context of some Act of Employment.
Occupation Role
An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, but which does not function as an eye.
Ocular Prosthesis
A Commercial Facility that is designed as an environment for conducting commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work.
Office Building
A Barcode whose concretizations consist of one-dimensional symbols arranged as parallel lines.
One-Dimensional Barcode
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension.
Subclasses of one dimensional extent are included for usability. It is doubtful any of them can be objectively distinguished (on the side of the bearing entity) without some reference to external properties such as orientation and perspective.
One Dimensional Extent
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer instead of reflecting, scattering, or absorbing electromangentic radiation of that frequency.
Note that it is important to specify the frequency of electromagnetic radiation when representing a bearer's Opacity since a bearer may be Opaque with respect to electromagnetic radiation of one frequency, but be transparent with respect to electromagnetic radiation of another frequency. Unless otherwise stated, statements about a bearer's Opacity are assumed to be about electromagnetic radiation with a frequency in the visible spectrum.
Opacity
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's incapacity to transmit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Opaque
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground directly without using tunnels.
Open Pit Mine
A Geospatial Location in which an Agent conducts some activity.
This is a general term that applies to both military and civilian activities, such as the Geospatial Region within which a company conducts its business.
Operational Area
A Stasis of Artifact Operationality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact maintains its designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least maintains its primary functions).
Operational Stasis
A Role that inheres in an Agent by virtue of that Agent's responsibilities to operate or control some Artifact.
Operator Role
A Camera that is designed to form and record an image generated from visible light.
Optical Camera
An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of visible light.
Optical Communication Artifact Function
An Optical Processing Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a light focusing event in which the Artifact causes the light beam to converge on a target spatial point.
Optical Focusing Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to process light waves.
Light waves can be processed in a variety of ways including via reflection, refraction, diffraction, deflection, focusing, collimation, dispersion, and interference.
Optical Instruments are typically constructed for the purpose of being used to aid in vision or the analysis of light.
Optical Instrument
Lens
An Optical Instrument that is designed to focus or disperse a beam of light entering the lens by means of refraction.
Optical Lens
Light Microscope
A Microscope that is designed to use visible light and a system of Optical Lenses to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
Optical Microscope
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a visible light processing event.
Optical Processing Artifact Function
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that is realized when its bearer interacts with electromagnetic waves within the visible light spectrum.
Optical Property
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Optical Telescope
A Color that is between Red and Yellow with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 590 to 635 nanometers.
Orange
Ordinal Date
A Decimal Date Identifier that designates some Day by using a number to indicate the sequential ordering of the Day since the beginning of the Year.
An Ordinal Date Identifier may or may not also contain a number indicating a specific Year. If both numbers are included, the ISO 8601 ordinal date format stipulates that the two numbers be formatted as YYYY-DDD or YYYYDDD where [YYYY] indicates a year and [DDD] is the day of that year, from 001 through 365 (or 366 in leap years).
Ordinal Date Identifier
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places an Entity into some rank order.
The sentence "The coldest day in history in Chicago, IL. is January 20, 1985." is the carrier of an ordinal measurment.
a measurement that places Geospatial Regions into a rank order of small, medium, large
a measurement that places military units onto a readiness rank order of red, yellow, green
Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity
An Object that is an Animal or Plant.
Organism
A Group of Agents which can be the bearer of roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules.
Members of organizations are either Organizations themselves or individual Persons. Members can bear specific Organization Member Roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the Organization by the organization members.
Organization
An Agent Capability that inheres in an Organization to the extent of that Organization's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type.
Organization Capability
A Person who is affiliated with some Organization by being a member of that Organization.
Organization Member
A Role that inheres in an Agent in virtue of the responsibilities that Agent is expected to fulfill as a member of some Organization.
Organization Member Role
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the Orientation of some object.
Attitude Observation Artifact Function
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the Orientation of a specified object or class of objects.
Orientation Observation Artifact Function
Oscillation
A Process Recurrence Aggregate that consists of the repetitive variation of some entity between two or more states that surround a central state toward which the entity tends.
Oscillation Process
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which electrons are removed from a reactant in a redox reaction.
Oxidizer Artifact Function
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that is used in applications that require the storage of huge amounts of data.
PDF417 Code
Dish Antenna
Parabolic Dish
A Radio Antenna that uses a parabolic reflector to direct or receive radio waves and has a very high gain.
Parabolic Antenna
An Armed Force whose organizational structure, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional Military, and which is not included as part of a Government's formal Armed Forces.
Paramilitary Force
An Anthropogenic Feature that is a bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation.
Park
A Code Identifier that designates a type of part whose instances are designed to be part of some Artifact.
Part Number
A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of it being part of some other entity without being subject to further subdivision or disassembly without destruction of its designated use.
Part Role
A Quality Specification that prescribes the Amount of some type of Artifact that are part of or located on anotther Artifact.
Parts List
A Train Car that is designed to transport passengers.
Passenger Train Car
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
A Radio Antenna that consists of a flat rectangular sheet (or patch) of metal mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane which is typically contained inside a plastic radome for protection and is small enough that it can be mounted on a flat surface.
Patch Antenna
A Radio Receiver that uses a Patch Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Patch Receiver
A Material Entity that is transported by a Vehicle during an Act of Location Change for the purpose of being delivered to or performing one or more functions at a predefined location.
In each case, the Payload is what provides the immediate reason for performing the Act of Location Change (e.g. transporting the passengers of a commercial airline flight to their destination; transporting food, fuel, oxygen, research equipment, and spare parts to the International Space Station; or conveying an array of sensors, cameras, and communications systems so they can operate during a Sun-Synchronous Earth Orbit).
Depending on the nature of the Flight or Mission, the Payload of a Vehicle may include cargo, passengers, flight crew, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or other equipment. Extra fuel, when optionally carried, is also considered part of the payload.
Payload
An Artifact Function that inheres in a Vehicle that is designed to transport Payload, and which is typically characterized by the maximum Weight, Mass, or Volume of Payload that the Vehicle can transport.
Payload Capacity
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescibes some aspect of the behavior of a participant in a Process given one or more operating conditions.
Maximum Speed at high altitude; Rate of Ascent at 10 degrees celsius with nominal payload.
Performance Specification
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the extent of a boundary which encloses the bearer.
Perimeter
An Optical Instrument that is designed to enable observation of an object that is located over, around, or through another object, obstacle, or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from the observer's current position.
Periscope
Human
An Animal that is a member of the species Homo sapiens.
Person
A Poison Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing that is detrimental to humans or human concerns.
Pesticide Artifact Function
A Refinery that is designed for refining crude oil, intermediate petroleum products, or synthetic petroleum into products of value.
Petrochemical Refinery
A Storage Facility that is designed to store petroleum, oil, or lubricants.
Petroleum Depot
A Factory that is designed to manufacture petroleum-based products.
Petroleum Manufacturing Facility
Orbital Phase Angle
A Relational Quality that is the angle between the light incident onto an observed Object and the light reflected from the Object.
Phase Angle
A Luminescent Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to emit visible light after absorbing shorter wavelength radiation, and to continue emitting after the absorbing process has ceased.
Phosphorescence
Physical Engine
An Engine that is designed to convert potential or kinetic energy into mechanical energy.
Physically Powered Engine
A Geographic Feature that is a geomorphological unit characterized by its surface form and location in the landscape.
Physiographic Feature
A Transportation Facility that is designed to partially enclose a harbor and form a landing place for Watercraft.
Pier
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transport goods or materials through a pipe.
Pipeline
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the frequency of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from low to high.
Pitch
Lateral Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from one side of the object to the other and is perpendicular to the direction of the object's motion.
Pitch Axis
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Pitch Axis.
Pitch Orientation
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some set of intended Intentional Acts through which some Agent expects to achieve some Objective.
Plan
An Organism that is multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, and has cells that contain chloroplasts and walls made of cellulose.
Plant
Air Motor
Compressed Air Engine
A Physically Powered Engine that converts potential energy stored in a portion of compressed air into mechanical energy.
Pneumatic Motor
A Power Source that is designed to generate, control, or transmit power by means of compressed air or compressed inert gases.
Pneumatic Power Source
Best Estimate
Point Estimate
Point Estimate Measurement Information Content Entity
An Estimate Information Content Entity that consists of a single value for the measured entity.
Point Estimate Information Content Entity
Facing Orientation
A Spatial Orientation of an Object in which one or more designated components of the Object are pointed toward a specified Target.
Pointing Orientation
A Damaging Artifact Function that is realized in a process which causes illness in, or the death of, a living thing.
Poison Artifact Function
A Prism designed to split a beam of light entering the Prism into components of varying polarization.
Polarizing Prism
A Public Safety Facility that is designed for the professional and clerical processes of a local police force.
Police Station
An Ideology that characterizes the political thinking of an Agent or Group of Agents, usually with respect to the political environment within a particular nation.
Political Orientation
A Group of Persons forming the total population of some Geopolitical Entity.
Populace
An Anthropogenic Feature at which people live or have lived.
Populated place
A Transportation Facility that is designed to contain harbors for docking Watercraft and for transfering people or cargo to and from land.
Port
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by being projected toward its target at a significant Velocity.
Portion of Ammunition
A Financial Instrument that is designed to be a ready medium of exchange.
Portion of Cash
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a thermal control system to reduce or maintain the temperature of an object to or at a specified level.
Portion of Coolant
A Portion of Material that has been reduced to a very low temperature (below -180 degrees Celcius).
Portion of Cryogenic Material
A Portion of Processed Material that is designed to be consumed and ingested for nutrition or taste.
Portion of Food
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used as an input in a Combustion process.
Portion of Fuel
Portion of GaAs
A Portion of Material that is composed of a compound of the elements gallium and arsenic.
Portion of Gallium Arsenide
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a gaseous state.
Portion of Gaseous Fuel
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gaseous state.
Portion of Gaseous Propellant
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a gelatinous state.
Portion of Gelatinous Propellant
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a liquid state.
Portion of Liquid Fuel
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid helium.
Portion of Liquid Helium
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid hydrogen.
Portion of Liquid Hydrogen
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid nitrogen.
Portion of Liquid Nitrogen
A Portion of Cryogenic Material that is composed (almost) entirely of liquid oxygen.
Portion of Liquid Oxygen
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a liquid state.
Portion of Liquid Propellant
A Portion of Processed Material that was produced to be used as the input for another Act of Artifact Processing.
Portion of Material
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used in a nuclear fission process to produce energy.
Portion of Nuclear Fuel
Portion of Oxidant
Portion of Oxidizing Agent
A Portion of Material that is disposed to steal electrons from other substances (i.e. to oxidize other substances) as a participant in a reduction-oxidation process.
oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, sulfiric acid, potassium nitrate
Oxidizers are essential participants in many processes including combustion and rusting. Hence, a portion of oxidizer must always be present along with a portion of fuel in order for combustion to occur.
Portion of Oxidizer
An Information Medium Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity by means of pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags, or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
Portion of Paper
An Artifact that is the output of an Act of Artifact Processing.
Portion of Processed Material
A Portion of Material that is designed to be used as an input in a Propulsion Process to produce Thrust.
Portion of Propellant
A Portion of Fuel that is stored in a solid state.
Portion of Solid Fuel
A Portion of Propellant that is stored in a solid state.
Portion of Solid Propellant
A Portion of Processed Material that serves no further use in terms of the initial user's own purposes of production, transformation, or consumption such that the Agent wants to dispose of it.
Portion of Waste Material
An Observation Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to collect information about the position of a specified object or class of objects.
Position Observation Artifact Function
A Mailing Facility that is designed for serving customers of the national postal system.
Post Office
A Process Profile that is characterized by the rate of Work, or Energy consumed, done in a given time period.
Power
A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
Power Inverting Artifact Function
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Power Rectifier
A Current Conversion Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
Power Rectifying Artifact Function
An Artifact that is designed to supply power to some other Artifact.
Power Source
An Artifact that is designed to be a component of some Power Source.
Power Source Component
A Tool that is designed to be actuated by a Power Source and mechanism other than or in addition to manual labor.
Power Tool
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
Power Transformer
TRU
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to perform the functions of both a Rectifier and a Transformer.
Power Transformer Rectifier Unit
A Propulsion System Component that is designed to transfer and regulate Power flow from a Power Source to an application point.
Power Transmission Artifact
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to transmit electricity over distance via a system of above ground wires including their supports.
Power Transmission Line
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to supply power to some Artifact.
Powering Artifact Function
Missile
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled and precision-guided projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances.
Precision-Guided Missile
Prediction
Prediction Information Content Entity
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes an uncertain future event.
Since predictions are inherently about not-yet-existant things, the Modal Relation Ontology term 'describes' (i.e. mro:describes) should be used (instead of the standard cco:describes) to relate instances of Predictive Information Content Entity to the entities they are about.
Predictive Information Content Entity
Stock that entitles its holder to receive a certain level of dividend payments before any dividends can be issued to other holders.
Preferred Stock
A Sonic Frequency that is between 4 and 6 kHz.
Presence Frequency
A Force that is applied perpendicular to the surface of an Object per unit area over which that Force is distributed.
Pressure
A Ventilation Control Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to control the partial pressure of air in some space.
Pressurization Control Artifact Function
Primary Cell Battery
A Electric Battery that is designed for one-time use and not to be recharged.
Primary Cell Electric Battery
Criticality Measurement
Importance Measurement
Priority Measurement
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the relative importance of an entity.
low, normal, high, urgent, or immediate priority
Priority Measurement Information Content Entity
A Reference System that describes a scale used to rank or identify the importance of entities of the specified type.
Priority Scale
An Optical Instrument that is designed to refract light and which consists of a transparent material with flat polished surfaces where at least two of these surfaces have an angle between them.
Prism
A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each other and use a gateway to reach the outside world, usually used inside companies and call centers (a.k.a. private branch exchange (PBX)).
Private Network Telephone Call
Likelihood Measurement
Probability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the likelihood that a Process or Process Aggregate occurs.
Every probability measurement is made within a particular context given certain background assumptions.
Probability Measurement Information Content Entity
An Occurrent that is a collection of processes.
Process Aggregate
A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the starting instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs.
Process Beginning
A Process Boundary that occurs on a Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is the ending instant of the One-Dimensional Temporal Region on which the Process, of which the Process Boundary is a part, occurs.
Process Ending
A Process Aggregate that consists of the sum of all Processes that are part of or otherwise involved in the primary Process (i.e., the Process for which the history is being represented) and which are bounded by the Spatiotemporal Region in which the primary Process occurs.
While a History is, roughly, the sum of all Processes involving a particular Independent Continuant, a Process History is, roughly, the sum of all Processes involved with a particular Process, which often includes other Processes that the Agents and Participants in the primary Process are participating in during the same Temporal Region.
The Process History of a particular passenger flight includes the processes of refueling, takeoff, landing, passenger and luggage loading and unloading, flight attendants serving refreshments and peanuts, passengers sitting, pilots operating the flight controls, air rushing past the plane, communications with air traffic control, sensor operations, and many more.
The Process History of a particular sporting event includes the processes of the fans arriving, cheering, booing, holding up signs, buying food and merchandise, and leaving as well as the processes that the coaches, players, and referees engage in during the sporting event.
Process History
A Process Aggregate that consists of the collection of subprocesses that are all instances of a single type of Process and are parts of a given History or Process History.
Process Recurrence Aggregate
A Facility that is designed to transport some product.
Product Transport Facility
A Weapon that is designed to inflict damage or harm by means of launching a high-velocity projectile at a target.
Projectile Launcher
Propelling Screw
A Propulsion System Component that is designed to convert rotary motion from an Engine or other mechanical Power Source into propulsive Force.
Propeller
Jet Nozzle
A Nozzle that is used to convert a propulsion Engine into a Jet Engine and functions by using its narrowest part, the throat, to increase Pressure within the Engine by constricting flow, usually until the flow chokes, then expanding the exhaust stream to, or near to, atmospheric pressure, while forming it into a high speed jet to propel the Vehicle.
Propelling Nozzle
An Acceleration of an object relative to a free-fall, or inertial, observer who is momentarily at rest relative to the object being measured (hence, gravity does not cause Proper Acceleration).
Proper Acceleration
A Designative Name that is an official name for a particular entity.
Proper Name
A Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of a portion of a whole (described by the numerator) compared against that whole (described by the denominator) where the whole is a nominally described set of like entities.
A percentage is one way to express a proportional measure where the decimal expression of the proportion is multiplied by 100, thus giving the proportional value with respect to a whole of 100. E.g., the ratio of pigs to cows on a farm is 44 to 79 (44:79 or 44/79). The proportion of pigs to total animals is 44 to 123 or 44/123. The percentage of pigs is the decimal equivalent of the proportion (0.36) multiplied by a 100 (36%). The percentage can be expressed as a proportion where the numerator value is transformed for a denominator of 100, i.e., 36 of a 100 animals are pigs (36/100).
We may want to add either a subclass for Percentage or a data property (has percentage value) that links the percentage expression for a proportion to the relevant IBE.
Proportional Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which the bearer of the function creates force leading to an entity's movement.
Propulsion Artifact Function
A Control System that consists of control devices, displays, indicators, or modules designed to control a Propulsion System.
Propulsion Control System
A Natural Process in which one or more Forces are generated and applied to a participating Object such that the Object is set in Motion or has the direction or magnitude of its Motion altered.
In each case, a Propulsion Process minimally involves the Object being propelled, a Reaction Mass (e.g. a portion of water, atmosphere, exhaust, etc.), and the Force(s) acting between these two entities.
a twin-engine turboprop plane rotating both of its propellers against a portion of atmosphere to propel the plane forward
an apple falling to the ground under the power of Earth's gravitational force
burning a portion of fuel to produce exhaust that is ejected through a jet nozzle to propel a rocket and its payload
heat from a fire causing ashes to rise into the sky
launching a water balloon using a sling shot
turning a paddle wheel against a portion of water to propel the paddle boat forward
Propulsion Process
An Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another and which consists of a source of mechanical power and a means of converting this power into propulsive force to generate the movement.
Propulsion System
An Artifact that is designed to be a component of some Propulsion System.
Propulsion System Component
A Medical Artifact that is designed to replace a missing body part.
Prosthesis
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing arm.
Prosthetic Arm
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing foot.
Prosthetic Foot
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing hand.
Prosthetic Hand
A Prosthesis that is designed to replace a missing leg.
Prosthetic Leg
A Shape Quality inhering in a part of an object in virtue of the part extending out above or beyond the surface of the object.
Protruding
A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits the authority of a magistrate who holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the Province.
Province
PA System
A Communication System that is designed to allow a Person to speak to a large audience.
Public Address System
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of preventing and responding to events that could endanger the safety of the general public from significant danger, injury/harm, or damage, such as crimes or disasters (natural or man-made).
Public Safety Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger, injure, or damage the general public.
Public Safety Facility
Pulse Jet
Pulsejet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that is capable of operating statically and uses intermittent (pulsing) Combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture before expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Pulsejet Engine
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to impart motion to a portion of fluid to transport it within a system through the use of mechanical action.
Pump
A Product Transport Facility that is designed to pump fluids from one place to another.
Pumping Station
A Color that is aproximately midway between Red and Blue.
Purple
A Three Dimensional Shape that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it having a polygonal base with vertices that all connect to the same apex to form triangular faces.
Pyramidal
A Two-Dimensional Barcode that consists of numeric, alphanumeric, binary, or kanji information and is used primarily for tracking and marketing.
QR Code
A Directive Information Content Entity that prescribes some Quality.
Quality Specification
An Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using radio waves.
Radar Imaging Artifact Function
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to absorb electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Radiation Absorptivity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to emit electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Radiation Emissivity
An Electromagnetic Radiation Property that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to scatter or reflect electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency.
Radiation Reflectivity
A Bidirectional Transducer that is designed to convert electric power into radio waves, and radio waves into electric power.
Radio Antenna
Act of Radio Broadcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a radio network.
Radio Broadcast
An Electromagnetic Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of radio waves.
Radio Communication Artifact Function
A Communication Instrument that is designed to enable communication between two or more entities via the use of radio waves.
Radio Communication Instrument
A Communication Interference Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to interfere with the transmission of information via radio waves.
Radio Communication Interference Artifact Function
A Communication Reception Artifact Function that inheres in an Artifact that is capable of receiving information transmitted from another Artifact to which it is not connected by an electrical conductor.
Radio Communication Reception Artifact Function
A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information without the use of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Radio Communication Relay Artifact Function
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 3 kHz and 300 GHz.
Radio Frequency
A Natural Process in which a radio signal is disrupted, whether unintentionally or as the result of an Act of Radio Jamming, Act of Radio Spoofing, or similar Intentional Act.
Radio Interference
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to extract information from radio waves intercepted by a Radio Antenna by using electronic filters to separate the desired radio frequency signal from other signals, an electronic amplifier to increase the power of the signal, and demodulation to recover the desired information.
Radio Receiver
A Communications Facility that is the bearer of functions realized in the relay of radio signals.
Radio Relay Station
A Radio Transceiver that is designed to receive a radio signal, amplify it, and retransmit it (often on another frequency).
Radio Repeater
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves to form an enhanced image of the Object.
A Radio Telescope consists of a specialized Antenna and a Radio Receiver and is typically used to receive radio waves from sources in outer space.
Radio Telescope
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device composed of both a Radio Transmitter and a Radio Receiver that share common circuitry or a single housing.
Radio Transceiver
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that is designed to generate a radio frequency alternating current, which can be applied to a Radio Antenna to be transmitted as radio waves.
Radio Transmitter
Transmitter-Responder
A Radio Communication Instrument that is an electronic device that acts as both a Radio Transmitter and responder and is used to wirelessly receive and transmit electrical signals.
Radio Transponder
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact being used to convert electric power into radio waves or radio waves into electric power.
Radio Wave Conversion Artifact Function
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity.
Radioactive
A Weapon that is designed to inflict harm, damage, or incapacity by means of releasing radioactive material.
Radiological Weapon
Hypodense
Transradiance
A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to permit most X-rays to pass through it.
Radiolucent
Radiodensity
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to allow or prevent X-rays to pass through it.
Radiopacity
Radiodense
A Radiopacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its capacity to prevent most X-rays from passing through it.
Radiopaque
A Transportation Facility that is designed for transferring people or cargo to and from Trains.
Rail Facility
A Ground Vehicle that is designed to convey cargo, passengers, or equipment by Railway.
Rail Transport Vehicle
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single self-propelled Vehicle that is not a Train, is designed to transport passengers, and which may also be designed to connect to other Railcars to form a Train.
In American-English, the term 'Railcar' is often used in a broader sense that is interchangeable with 'Railroad Car'.
Railcar
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable Trains to transport passengers and goods.
Railway
Level Crossing
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable Persons or Ground Vehicles to cross a Railway when traveling along a road or path that is perpendicular to and at the same elevation as the Railway at the point where they overlap.
Railway Crossing
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable a Train to switch between the tracks of two routes.
Railway Junction
Ramjet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air (without the use of an axial compressor) and decelerate it to subsonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Ramjet Engine
A Wire Antenna that consists of a long wire suspended above the ground with a length that does not bear a relation to the wavelength of the radio waves used and which is typically used as a receiving antenna on the long, medium, and short wave bands.
Random Wire Antenna
A Measurement Information Content Entity that consists of a symbol that places a Quality of an Entity onto an interval scale having a true zero value.
The sentence "The temperature reached 240.372 degrees Kelvin on January 20, 1985 in Chicago, IL." is the carrier of a ratio measurement as 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale does describe absolute zero.
a measurement of the barometric pressure at 1,000 feet above sea level
a measurement of the measure of air temperature on the Kelvin scale
a measurement of the number of members in an Organization
Ratio Measurement Information Content Entity
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in a process in which a substance or compound is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction and is consumed in the course of the reaction.
Reactant Artifact Function
Reaction Motor
An Engine that provides propulsion by expelling Reaction Mass.
Reaction Engine
Working Mass
A Material Entity against which a Propulsion System operates in order to produce Acceleration.
Reaction Mass
A Steam Engine that is designed to use one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion.
Reciprocating Steam Engine
An Information Processing Artifact that is designed to capture some information and store it in some recording format on some storage medium.
Recording Device
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of having four sides and four 90 degree angles.
Rectangular
Linear Motion
A Translational Motion process in which an Object moves along a straight path.
Rectilinear Motion
A Color that is above Orange with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 635 to 700 nanometers.
Red
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that describes a set of standards for organizing and understanding data of the specified type or domain.
Reference System
Epoch
Epoch Time
Reference Date
A Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is an approximate temporal instant in relation to which other Temporal Regions are measured or identified.
Reference Time
A Factory that is designed for refining raw materials into products of value.
Refinery
Reflecting Telescope
Reflector
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via reflection through the use of one or more curved Mirrors to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Reflecting Optical Telescope
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a reflection event in which the Artifact causes a change in a wavefront at an interface between the reflecting medium and the transmission medium such that the wavefront returns into the transmission medium.
Reflection Artifact Function
A Prism designed to reflect light in order to flip, invert, rotate, deviate, or displace a beam of light entering the Prism.
Reflective Prism
Refracting Telescope
Refractor
An Optical Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing visible light via refraction through the use of one or more Lenses to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Refracting Optical Telescope
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact participating in a refraction event in which the Artifact causes a change in direction of wave propagation due to a change in its transmission medium.
Refraction Artifact Function
A Radiation Reflectivity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the capacity of that bearer to change the direction of a propagating wave when passing through it.
Refractivity
Accuracy of Process
Reliability Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which an entity can consistently produce an outcome.
Reliability concerns both a measure of past performance and the expectation that future performance will conform to the range of past performances.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance ('Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information (see: 'Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that consists of a collection of claims about the meaning or origin of existence or about the existence or nature of one or more deities, an afterlife, or spiritual or sacred entities, and which is accepted as true by an Agent or Group of Agents.
Religion
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes related to worship and prayer.
Religious Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for worship and prayer.
Religious Facility
A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that conveys an account of some event, situation, or the result of some observation or inquiry.
Report
A Descriptive Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or the content of an image that represents some Entity.
the content of a court transcript represents a courtroom proceeding
the content of a photograph of the Statue of Liberty represents the Statue of Liberty
the content of a video of a sporting event represents that sporting event
Representational Information Content Entity
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of producing new knowledge or of devising new applications of existing knowledge.
Research and Development Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to perform research on a specified entity or class of entities.
Research Artifact Function
A Storage Facility that is designed to store water in a man-made open enclosure or area.
Reservoir
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of residing in a dwelling or home.
Residential Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed to house one or more Persons.
Residential Facility
An Electrical Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which an Artifact opposes the flow of an electric current.
Electrical Resistance Artifact Function
A Continuant that is owned by, in the possession of, or is otherwise controlled by an Agent such that it could be used by that Agent.
Resources are Resources for some Agent. If no instance of Agent existed, no instance of Resource would exist either. It is not a requirement that something be valuable in order for it to be a Resource. Thus the value of something can drastically change without altering whether that thing is a Resource.
This class is designed to group continuants according to a very broad criterion and is not intended to be used as a parent class for entities that can be more specifically represented under another class. Hence, Natural Resource may be an appropriate subtype but Money, Oil, and Gold Mine are not.
Resource
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of selling goods or merchandise in small or individual lots for direct consumption by persons or organizations.
Retail Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale.
Commercial Facility
A Hand Gun having a number of firing chambers in a revolving cylinder, where each chamber in the cylinder can be loaded with a single Cartridge.
Revolver
A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that is located externally to the Site occupied by the Object.
Revolving Motion
A Wire Antenna that consists of one to three parallel wires suspended above the ground by poles or towers at each vertex in a rhombic shape with each of the four sides being the same length (typically at least one wavelength or longer).
Rhombic Antenna
A Long Gun that is designed to have a rifled barrel and to fire single Bullets over long ranges with high accuracy.
Rifle
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel from one location to another.
Road
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to exit one Road and enter another.
Road Junction
A Vehicle that is designed to travel through air or space and which obtains Thrust from a Rocket Engine.
Rocket
Thruster
A Jet Engine that is designed to use only stored Rocket Propellant to form a high speed propulsive jet in order to generate Thrust.
Most rocket engines are also Internal Combustion Engines, however non-combusting forms also exist. For example, an untied balloon full of air that is released and allowed to zoom around the room may be both a Rocket Engine and a Physically Powered Engine.
Rocket Engine
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch one or more Unguided Rockets.
Rocket Launcher
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to contain several Unguided Rockets held in individual tubes and to be used by Aircraft or Helicopters for close air support.
Rocket Pod
An Unguided Rocket that is designed to contain an explosive warhead, be fired from a Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher, and be used against Tanks.
Rocket-Propelled Grenade
Longitudinal Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the front to the back of the object as defined by the direction of the object's motion.
Roll Axis
Roll
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Roll Axis.
Roll Orientation
A Color consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness.
Rosy
Rotation
A Motion Process in which an Object moves in a Circular or Elliptical Path around an Axis of Rotation.
Rotational Motion
Circular
A Shape Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of every point along its circumference being equidistant from the center.
Round
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a solid projectile without explosive charge and to be fired from a cannon.
Round Shot
A Spacecraft that is designed to Orbit a Space Object (typically Earth).
Satellite Artifact
A Waveform that is characterized by a sawtooth shape due to the continuous linear transition from minimum to maximum Amplitudes followed by a near-instantaneous transition from the maximum to minimum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Sawtooth Waveform
A Bodily Component that consists of the skin covering the top of the head of a human or other animal.
Scalp
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of hair that grows on the scalp of a human or other animal.
Scalp Hair
A Bodily Component that consists of a portion of fibrous connective tissue on skin or within body tissue and which was formed due to an injury that has not healed completely.
Scar
An Education Facility that is designed to provide learning space and environments for teaching of students under the direction of teachers.
School
Scramjet
Supersonic Combusting Ramjet
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses the forward motion of the Engine to compress incoming air at supersonic speeds before adding the fuel and constantly combusting the mixture then expelling the exhaust out through the rear Propelling Nozzle to generate Thrust.
Scramjet Engine
A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that divides the spheroid composed of Earth and its atmosphere at some point that corresponds to the mean level of calm water in the Earth’s oceans.
Sea Level
City Hall
Town Hall
A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a local community.
Seat of Local Government
A Government Building that is designed for the administration of a sovereign nation.
Seat of National Government
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom.
The Second is used as the basic SI unit of time.
Second
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Second.
Second Identifier
A Geopolitical Entity that is a subdivision of a First-Order Administrative Region.
Second-Order Administrative Region
Rechargeable Battery
Secondary Cell Battery
An Electric Battery that is designed to be recharged.
Secondary Cell Electric Battery
A Hand Gun that has a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel and an ammunition magazine capable of holding multiple Cartridges such that the Hand Gun is designed to automatically reload each time it is fired and to fire a Bullet with each successive pull of the trigger until the stored ammunition is depleted.
Semi-automatic Pistol
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Major Axis of an Ellipse.
Semi-Major Axis
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that is equal to half the length of the Minor Axis of an Ellipse.
Semi-Minor Axis
A Shape quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having the shape of half a circle.
Semicircular
A Transducer that is designed to convert incoming energy into a output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in that energy.
Sensor
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes wherein its bearer is used to produce an output signal which reliably corresponds to changes in the artifact's environment.
Sensor Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to support or convey one or more Sensors while the Sensors are realizing their own Artifact Functions.
Sensor Deployment Artifact Function
A Sensor Artifact Function that inheres in some Sensor in virtue of the type of energy the Sensor is capable of converting into an output signal.
Sensor Modality Function
An Artifact that is designed to support, and in some cases transport, a Sensor during its deployment and functioning.
Sensor Platform
An Ordinal Measurement Information Content Entity that is about the position of some entity in some ordered sequence.
Sequence Position Ordinality
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having multiple sharp points along a edge.
Serrated
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of providing intangible goods to consumers.
Service Artifact Function
An Organization whose purpose is to provide a service to other Agents.
Service Provider
A Bodily Component that consists of two or more Eyes that are part of a single Agent.
Set of Eyes
A Waste Management Facility that is designed for removing contaminants from wastewater, especially sewage.
Sewage Treatment Facility
A Machine Element that is designed to rotate and transmit Torque, Power, or Rotational Motion from one machine element to another.
A Shaft is usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly either because of the distance between them or the need to allow for relative movement between those components.
Shaft
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the ratios between dimensions of external features of that bearer.
Shape Quality
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a fine point or thin edge.
Sharp
A Mechanical Wave that has a Transverse Wave Profile.
Shear Wave Process
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a non-self-propelled projectile and to carry a payload (explosive or other) over a relatively short distance.
Shell
A Commercial Facility designed to sell small lots of goods to consumers.
Shop
A Long Gun that fires packets of shot, a single slug, a sabot, or a specialty round (such as tear gas, bolo shell, or a breaching round) over shorter ranges than that of Rifles and with less accuracy.
Shotgun
A Rocket Launcher that is designed to be small enough to be carried by a single person and fired while supported on the person's shoulder.
Shoulder-Fired Rocket Launcher
A Temporal Reference System that is based on Earth's rate of rotation measured relative to one or more fixed Stars (rather than the Sun).
Sidereal Time is the angle measured from an observer's meridian along the celestial equator to the Great Circle that passes through the March equinox and both poles. This angle is usually expressed in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds.
Sidereal Time Reference System
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to discern between information-bearing patterns and random patterns, or noise, that distract from the information.
Signal Detection Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to process or transfer information contained in signals.
Signal Processing Artifact Function
A Color that resembles Grey with the added feature of having a metallic shine.
Silver Color
Sinusoidal Waveform
A Waveform that is characterized by a smooth curved shape due to the continuous non-linear transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Sine Waveform
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in one or more dimensions.
Size Quality
An Agent Capability that inheres in a Person to the extent of that Person's capacity to realize it in Intentional Acts of a certain type.
Skill
A Quality inhering in a portion of skin by virtue of its color and natural tendency to respond to ultraviolet light.
Skin Type is classified according to a reference system such as the Fitzpatrick scale: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzpatrick_scale
Skin Type
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a horizontal border which is not level.
Sloped
A Rifle that is designed to be highly accurate for long-range precision tactical shooting.
Sniper Rifle
An Intentional Act having an objective that affects, is performed by, or is performed on behalf of, a community or group of Persons.
Social Act
A Group of Agents that are connected in dyadic relations by similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections.
Social Network
An X-Ray Frequency that is between 30 petahertz and 3 exahertz.
Soft X-ray Frequency
A Calendar System that is designed to organize and identify dates based on the cycles of an Astronomical Body's Orbit around the Sun.
Unless otherwise specified, a Solar Calendar System is assumed to be relative to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
Solar Calendar System
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more photovoltaic (i.e. solar) cells that convert light energy (photons) directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell
Solar Panel
Photovoltaic System
Solar Array
An Electrical Power Source that consists in part of one or more Solar Panels, a power inverter, electrical wiring between the components, a mounting and support structure, and may also include a battery and/or a solar tracking system and is the bearer of functions realized in processes of deriving, transferring, and storing electrical energy derived from light energy.
Solar Panel System
A Temporal Reference System that is based on the position of the Sun in the sky.
Solar Time Reference System
A Chemical Reaction Artifact Function that is realized in the dissolving of other substances (namely, solutes) without change in the former's chemical structure.
Solvent Artifact Function
Audible Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
Sound waves with frequencies in this range are typically audible to humans.
Sonic Frequency
A Frequency that is the rate of Oscillations per second of a Sound Wave.
Sound Frequency
Acoustic Pressure
A Pressure caused by a Sound Wave that is a local deviation from the ambient Pressure.
Sound Pressure
Sound Quality
A Process Profile that is part of a sound reception process and is characterized by properties of incoming sound waves as they are translated by some sensory system.
Sound Process Profile
Sound Production Process
A Wave Production Process that produces a Sound Wave.
Sound Production
A Mechanical Wave Process of Pressure and displacement that is parallel to the propogation direction of the Wave Process through a medium.
Sound Wave Process
A Wavelength that is the distance a Sound Wave traverses during one Wave Cycle.
Sound Wavelength
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by Spaceflight.
Spacecraft
An Internal Combustion Engine that is designed to operate by generating a spark to ignite a portion of Fuel and Oxidizer mixture.
Spark Ignition Engine
An Ignition System that is designed to produce a spark in order to initiate an Ignition process.
Spark Ignition System
Attitude
A Relational Quality that is the angle of Rotation of an Object relative to one or more Plane of Reference or Axis of Rotation.
Spatial Orientation
Coordinate System
Spatial Coordinate System
Spatial Reference Frame
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for uniquely identifying the position of an entity or the direction of a vector within a defined spatial region by means of measurements along one or more Coordinate System Axes.
Note that, while reference systems and reference frames are treated as synonyms here, some people treat them as related but separate entities. See: http://www.ggos-portal.org/lang_en/GGOS-Portal/EN/Topics/GeodeticApplications/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames/GeodeticReferenceSystemsAndFrames.html
Spatial Reference System
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Spatial Region.
Spatial Region Identifier
A Process Profile that is characterized by the magnitude of an object's motion with respect to a frame of reference during some time period.
An object's speed is the scalar absolute value of it's Velocity.
Speed
A Motion Artifact Function that is realized in some process in which its bearer has some speed.
Speed Artifact Function
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Speed of a specified object's or class of objects' Motion.
Speed Measurement Artifact Function
A Three Dimensional Shape inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having round cross sections.
Spherical
A Spatial Reference System for three-dimensional spatial regions that identifies each point using an ordered triple of numerical coordinates that consist of the radial distance of the point of interest from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection measured from a fixed direction on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith.
Spherical Coordinate System
A Rotational Motion of an Object around an Axis of Rotation that passes through the Object's Center of Mass.
Spinning Motion
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a linear opening, or having been divided into parts.
Split
A Nozzle that is designed to facilitate a conversion of the flow of a portion of liquid into a dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a portion of gas.
Spray Nozzle
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some Information Content Entity in an interactive, tabular form.
Spreadsheet
A Rectangular shape which has four equal length sides and four 90 degree angles.
Square
A Waveform that is characterized by a square shape due to the near-instantaneous transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Square Waveform
A Stasis of Quality that holds during a Temporal Interval when an object maintains the same Spatial Orientation.
Stable Orientation
An Entertainment Facility that is designed to provide a space upon which entertaining performances or productions can occur.
Stage
A Time of Day Identifier that designates an approximate Temporal Instant that is part of some Day and is specified using the Hours, Minutes, and Seconds of the Day that preceded the Temporal Instant.
Standard Time of Day Identifier
A Process in which one or more Independent Continuants endure in an unchanging condition.
Stasis
A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a Temporal Interval when an Artifact's designed set of Artifact Functions (or at least its primary functions) or the realizations of those functions remain unchanged.
Stasis of Artifact Operationality
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Disposition that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Disposition
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing all of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Stasis of Fully Mission Capable
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Function that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Function
A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Generically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Generically Dependent Continuant
A Stasis of Realizable Entity that holds during a temporal interval when a Continuant's capability (or lack thereof) to perform its intended Functions, tasks, or Objectives remains at a relatively constant level.
Stasis of Mission Capability
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing any of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Stasis of Non-Mission Capable
A Stasis of Non-Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance.
Stasis of Non-Mission Capable Maintenance
A Stasis of Mission Capability during which the participating Continuant is capable of performing some but not all of its primary functions for the specified Mission.
Stasis of Partially Mission Capable
A Stasis of Partially Mission Capable during which the participating Continuant is not capable of performing some of its primary functions for the specified Mission due to participating in an Act Of Maintenance.
Stasis of Partially Mission Capable Maintenance
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Quality that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Quality
A Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant in which some Independent Continuant bears some Realizable Entity that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Realizable Entity
A Stasis of Realizable Entity in which some Independent Continuant bears some Role that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Role
A Stasis in which some Independent Continuant bears some Specifically Dependent Continuant that remains unchanged during a Temporal Interval.
Stasis of Specifically Dependent Continuant
Constituent State
A First-Order Administrative Region that is part of a Country and delimits a centralized regional Government that holds constitutionally-defined administrative jurisdiction over the defined geographic territory that bounds the State.
State
An External Combustion Engine that is designed to use steam as its working fluid.
Steam Engine
An Vehicle Control System Component that is designed to be a component of a Steering Control System.
Steering Control Component
A Vehicle Control System that is designed to control the direction some Vehicle is traveling.
Steering Control System
An External Combusion Engine that is designed to compress and expand some working fluid at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.
Stirling Engine
A Financial Instrument that entitles holders to an ownership interest (equity) in the specified Incorporated Organization.
Stock
Stock that consists of a Certificate.
Stock Certificate
A Facility that is designed to store materials or goods.
Storage Facility
Linear
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer not having curves, bends, or angles along its borders.
Straight
A Realizable Entity that is realized when its bearer exerts or resists some power, influence, or force.
Strength is intended to be understood broadly here. Physical strength is only one type of Strength. Other subtypes of Strength may include military strength, psychological strength, emotional strength, political strength, technological strength, and so on.
Strength
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact providing physical support to another object.
Structural Support Artifact Function
A Sonic Frequency that is between 20 and 60 Hz.
Sub-Bass Frequency
A Geospatial Region bounded by a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a Continent.
Subcontinent
An Long Gun that is designed to be have automatic-fire functionality, fire pistol-caliber ammunition that is magazine-fed, and which is usually smaller than other automatic firearms.
Submachine Gun
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes of operating while submerged in water.
Submersible Artifact Function
Microwave Telescope
A Radio Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing radio waves from the submillimeter waveband (i.e. microwaves) to form an enhanced image of the Object.
http://kp12m.as.arizona.edu/docs/what_is_submillimeter.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy
The submillimeter waveband is between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands and is typically taken to have a wavelength of between a few hundred micrometers and a millimeter.
Submillimeter Wavelength Radio Telescope
ITU Band Number 10
A Microwave Frequency that is between 3 and 30 GHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 mm
Super High Frequency
ITU Band Number 2
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 Hz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10,000–1,000 km
Super Low Frequency
A Disposition that inheres in a liquid and is realized when the cohesive forces of the molecules in the bearer at the surface are greater than the adhesive forces of the molecules in the surrounding air.
Surface Tension
Surface Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the Wave Process propogates along the surface of a medium and which involves both transverse and longitudinal wave profiles such that the motion of the displacement of participating particles is circular or elliptical.
Surface Wave Profile
An Emulsifier Artifact Function that is realized in a process that lowers the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
Surfactant Artifact Function
An Artifact Function that is realized in a process of breaking an electric circuit by interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Switch Artifact Function
A Religious Facility that is designed for Judaic worship and prayer.
Synagogue
A Radar Imaging Artifact Function that inheres in Artifacts that are designed to produce visual representations of entities using the motion of a radar antenna over a targeted region to create a synthetic aperture.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Artifact Function
A Timekeeping Instrument that is part of a computer an is designed to issue a steady high-frequency signal that is used to synchronize all of the computer's internal components.
System Clock
A Role that inheres in an entity in virtue of it being an arrangement of parts or elements that together exhibit behavior or meaning that the individual constituents do not.
System Role
An Armored Fighting Vehicle that is designed to carry heavy firepower, have a powerful Engine, and travel on one or more continuous tracks such that it is suitable for front-line combat and can provide operational maneuverability as well as tactical offensive and defensive capabilities.
Tank firepower is normally provided by a large-caliber main gun mounted in a rotating turret, which is supported by secondary machine guns. A tank's heavy armour and all-terrain mobility provide protection for both the tank and its crew, allowing it to perform all primary tasks of the armoured troops on the battlefield.
Tank
A Material Entity that is the object of an Act of Targeting.
Although people speak of targeting a process, say, a parade, what in fact are being targeted are the material participants of that process. The disruption or ceasing of the process is the objective of some plan, but not technically a target. Only material things can be targeted for action. Even if some dependent entity is described as being the target, the material thing for which that dependent entity depends is the object of a targeting process.
Target
A Bodily Component that consists of a typically permanent mark or design on a portion of skin that is created by a process of pricking and ingraining an indelible pigment or by raising scars.
Tattoo
A Telecommunication Network Node that connects a Telecommunication Terminal to a Telecommunication Network.
A Telecommunication Terminal is an end user device such as a Telephone, fax machine, or Computer.
Telecommunication Endpoint
An Infrastructure that is designed to support the use of Telecommunication Instruments to communicate.
Telecommunication Infrastructure
A Communication Instrument that is designed for use by some Agent in some Act of Communication where the recipient of that communication is potentially a significant distance away from the Agent.
Telecommunication Instrument
A Telecommunication Infrastructure Artifact that is a system of Telecommunication Network Nodes and Lines, and is designed to enable the transmission of information over significant distances between Telecommunication Endpoints.
Telecommunication Network
A Telecommunication Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to be the physical transmission medium that connects two or more Telecommunication Network Nodes within a Telecommunication Network to facilitate communication between the Nodes.
Telecommunication Network Line
A Telecommunication Infrastructure Artifact that consists of a connection point, redistribution point, or endpoint that is designed to be part of a Telecommunication Network and can be either active or passive.
Telecommunication Network Node
A Telecommunication Network Node that is capable of redirecting a communication transmission to another Telecommunication Network Node.
Telecommunication Switching Node
A Mechanical Process that is highly automated and in which measurements are made or other data is collected and transmitted to receiving equipment to facilitate the monitoring of environmental conditions or equipment parameters at a remote or inaccessible location.
using a GPS tag to track a shark's migratory pattern
using a portable cardiac monitor to remotely collect data on a patient's heart activity (biotelemetry)
Telemetry Process
Phone
A Telecommunication Instrument that is designed to provide point-to-point communication between agents by means of audio messages.
Telephone
Act of Telephone Calling
An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted over a telephone network to two or more Persons.
Telephone Call
Telephone Circuit
A Telecommunication Network Line that consists of a physical wire or other signaling medium that is designed to be part of a Telephone Network.
Telephone Line
A Telecommunication Network that is designed to allow telephone calls to be made between two or more parties connected to the network.
Telephone Network
A Telephone Line that connects a Communication Endpoint to another node in a Telecommunication Network to enable service to a user's Telephone.
Telephone Subscriber Line
An Imaging Instrument that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing Electromagnetic Radiation to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Telescope
Act of Television Broadcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media that is transmitted to an audience through a television network.
Television Broadcast
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its thermal energy.
Temperature
A Measurement Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to measure the Temperature of a specified object or class of objects.
Temperature Measurement Artifact Function
Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region.
Temporal Instant Identifier
One-Dimensional Temporal Region Identifier
A Temporal Region Identifier that designates some One-Dimensional Temporal Region.
Temporal Interval Identifier
Temporal Reference Frame
Time Scale
A Reference System that describes a set of standards for measuring time as well as understanding the context of and organizing temporal data.
Temporal Reference System
A Designative Information Content Entity that designates some Temporal Region.
Temporal Region Identifier
An Electrical Power Source Component that is designed to join electrical terminations and create an electrical circuit by means of a block which connects individual wires without a splice or physically joining the ends.
Terminal Board
A Training Camp designed to teach students methods of terrorism.
Terrorist Training Camp
Act of Text Messaging
Act of Texting
An Act of Communication by Media involving the exchange of brief written messages between fixed-line phone or mobile phone and fixed or portable devices over a network.
Text Messaging
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the size, shape, and distribution of features on its surface, typically on a continuum from smooth to rough.
Texture
An Artifact Function that is realized by an Artifact increasing, decreasing, or maintaining the temperature of itself, a part of itself, or another object.
Thermal Control Artifact Function
An Imaging Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to create a visual representation of an entity using radiation from the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum that the entity emits
Thermal Imaging Artifact Function
A Thermal Control Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact prevents or reduces the transfer of heat between objects that are in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence.
Thermal Insulation Artifact Function
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert heat energy into electrical energy.
Thermal Power Plant
A Depth that inheres in a bearer in virtue of it extending inward through an object.
Thickness
Narrow
Slender
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly smaller in proportion to its length or height.
Thin
A Geopolitical Entity that is a subdivision of a Second-Order Administrative Region.
Third-Order Administrative Region
Volume
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions.
Three Dimensional Extent
A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the spatial region through which some Object travels.
Three-Dimensional Path
A Three-Dimensional Spatial Region that encompasses the (minimal) spatial region in which some object is located at a particular time.
For an object in motion, its Three-Dimensional Position is part of its Three-Dimensional Path.
Three-Dimensional Position
A Shape Quality that inheres only in a three dimensional entity.
Three Dimensional Shape
A Force that is equal in magnitude to but in the opposite direction of an exerted Force and which is used to describe the forward Force of a Jet or Rocket Engine in reaction to the Acceleration of its Reaction Mass in the opposite direction.
More generally, Thrust is the propulsive Force of a Rocket.
Thrust
A Sound Process Profile that is characterized by the variation, spectrum, or envelope of translated sound waves, typically on a continuum from dull or dark to bright.
Timbre
A Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is an approximate temporal instant that is part of a Day.
Time of Day
A Temporal Instant Identifier that designates some Time of Day.
Time of Day Identifier
A Spatial Region Identifier that designates the region associated with some uniform standard time for legal, commercial, or social purposes.
Standards of date, time, and time zone data formats: ISO/WD 8601-2 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/iso-tc154-wg5_n0039_iso_wd_8601-2_2016-02-16.pdf) W3C (https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime)
There is no class 'Time Zone' (the region), only 'Time Zone Identifier' (the designator for some region). Instances of 'Time Zone Identifier' should be related to instances of 'Information Bearing Entity' by means of the object properites 'uses time zone identifier' and 'time zone identifier used by' as appropriate. This is supposed to be analogous to the way we represent the relationship between measurement values and measurement units, where the relevant instance of Information Bearing Entity 'uses measurement unit' some instance of Measurement Unit (i.e., an instance of Information Content Entity).
Time Zone Identifier
An Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to keep track of and report the current time.
Timekeeping Artifact Function
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that is about some temporal region.
Timekeeping Instrument
A Legal Instrument that is designed as evidence of ownership.
Title Document
An Artifact that is designed to assist in the performance of manual or mechanical work and not to be consumed in that process.
Tool
A Precision-Guided Missile that is designed to be fired into a body of water, be self-propelled through the water, and carry an explosive payload.
Torpedo
A Projectile Launcher that is designed to launch Torpedoes.
Torpedo Tube
Moment of Force
A Force that is applied to an object in a direction that would tend to cause the object to rotate around an Axis of Rotation and is the rate of change of an object's Angular Momentum.
Torque
A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a Village but smaller than that of a City; is designated as a town based on a particular administrative, legal, or historical status; and which delimits a local Government that typically exercises less power than that of a City Government.
Town
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable transport through rough country, such as a forest or moor.
Trail
Railroad Train
Railway Train
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a series of connected Train Cars or Railcars.
Train
Railroad Car
A Rail Transport Vehicle that consists of a single Vehicle that is not a Train but is designed to be connected to other Train Cars along with at least one Locomotive to form a Train.
Train Car
A Facility that is designed for rigorous and focused training in order to learn or improve skills, usually involving physical actions.
Training Camp
A Document that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity that was originally recorded in a different medium.
Transcript
An Artifact that is designed to convert one form of energy to another.
Transducer
A Motion Process in which the participating Object changes its position from one portion of space to another.
Translational Motion
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit some but not all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs some but not all electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Translucent
An Opacity that inheres in a bearer in virtue of that bearer's capacity to transmit all or nearly all electromagnetic radiation of a given frequency through the bearer such that the bearer reflects, scatters, or absorbs little or no electromagnetic radiation of that frequency.
Transparent
A Facility that is designed for commencing or concluding the transportation of transportation artifacts, or for housing transportation artifacts.
Transportation Facility
An Infrastructure that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by providing the necessary structures for Persons to travel or for Vehicles to transport material entities.
Transportation Infrastructure
Transverse Wave
A Wave Process Profile in which the displacement of participating particles is perpendicular to the direction of the Wave Process' propogation.
Transverse Wave Profile
ITU Band Number 12
Submillimeter Band Frequency
Terahertz Radiation Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 300 GHz and 3 THz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 mm
Tremendously High Frequency
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having three angles and three sides.
Triangular
A Waveform that is characterized by a triangular shape due to the continuous linear zig-zag transitions between minimum and maximum Amplitudes of the Wave Cycle.
Triangular Waveform
A Control Surface that is designed to counteract hydro-, aerodynamic, or other forces in order to stabilize the Vehicle it is part of in the desired Attitude.
Trim Tab
Triple INS
An Inertial Navigation System that is designed to use three redundant computers to continuously calculate via dead reckoning the position, orientation, and velocity of a moving object without the need for external references, in such a way that eliminates the need for a navigator.
Triple Inertial Navigation System
An Artifact that consists of three legs and a platform that joins them and which is designed to support the weight and maintain the stability of objects that are attached to or rested on the platform.
Tripod
A Ground Motor Vehicle that is designed to be used to transport cargo.
Trucks vary greatly in their size and power -- ranging from small ultra-light trucks to enormous heavy trucks. Trucks also vary greatly in their configurations -- ranging from very basic flatbeds or box trucks to highly specialized cargo carriers. Trucks may also be configured to mount specialized equipment, such as in the case of fire trucks, concrete mixers, and suction excavators.
Truck
A Transportation Infrastructure Artifact that is designed to enable Ground Vehicles to travel underneath a surrounding soil, earth, or rock formation.
Tunnel
Steam Turbine
A Steam Engine that is designed to extract thermal energy from pressurized steam and use it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
Turbine Steam Engine
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbofan, which consists of a Turbine and a Fan.
Turbofan Air-Breathing Jet Engine
An Air-Breathing Jet Engine that uses a Turbojet, which consists of a Turbine with a Propelling Nozzle.
Turbojet Air-Breathing Jet Engine
A Barcode whose concretizations consist of two-dimensional symbol patterns.
Two-Dimensional Barcode
Area
A Size Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
Two Dimensional Extent
A UPC Barcode that consists of 12 numerical digits.
UPC-A Barcode
A One-Dimensional Barcode that consists of 6 or 12 numerical digits and is used to scan consumer goods.
UPC Barcode
A UPC Barcode that consists of 6 numerical digits.
UPC-E Barcode
ITU Band Number 9
A Microwave Frequency that is between 300 MHz and 3 GHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1–0.1 m. Note that the ITU definition of UHF is broader than the definition given by IEEE 521-2002 - IEEE Standard Letter Designations for Radar-Frequency Bands, which sets the frequency range at 300 MHz to 1 GHz.
Ultra High Frequency
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Ultra High Frequency.
Ultra High Frequency Communication Instrument
ITU Band Number 3
A Radio Frequency that is between 300 Hz and 3 kHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 1,000–100 km
Ultra Low Frequency
A Sound Frequency that is greater than 20 kHz.
Ultrasonic Frequency
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 750 terahertz and 30 petahertz.
Ultraviolet Light Frequency
UV Telescope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing ultraviolet light to form an enhanced image of the Object.
Ultraviolet Telescope
A Person who is the bearer of some Neutral Role.
Neutral
An Active Stasis during which an Artifact participates in an Act of Artifact Employment.
Under Active Control
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ground using underground tunnels and shafts.
Underground Mine
A Mine that is designed to support the extraction of materials from the ocean floor.
Underwater Mine
A Portion of Ammunition that is designed to be a self-propelled, but unguided, projectile that delivers some payload (explosive or other) over relatively long distances through the use of a Rocket Engine.
Unguided Rocket
An Act in which at least one Agent plays a causative role and which is not prescribed by some Objective held by any of the Agents.
Unintentional Act
A Solar Time Reference System that is based on the average speed of the Earth's rotation and which uses the prime meridian at 0° longitude as a reference point.
Universal Time Reference System
A Zero-Dimensional Temporal Region that is an approximate temporal instant as specified by the number of Seconds that have elapsed since the specified Epoch Time as described by an implementation of Unix Time.
Unix Temporal Instant
A Sonic Frequency that is between 2 and 4 kHz.
Upper Midrange Frequency
A Fluid Control Artifact that is designed to regulate, direct, or control the flow of fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing the fluid from moving along a passageway.
Valve
An Artifact that is designed to facilitate the movement of material entities from one location to another by conveying them there.
Vehicle
Compartment
An Artifact that is designed to partition a Vehicle into subdivisions for various purposes.
Vehicle Compartment
A Control System that is designed to enable some Agent to control some Vehicle.
Vehicle Control System
An Artifact that is designed to be a component of a Vehicle Control System.
Vehicle Control System Component
An Artifact that is designed to be the main supporting structure of some Vehicle.
Vehicle Frame
An Artifact that is designed to be part of some Vehicle Frame.
Vehicle Frame Part
An Object Track for a Vehicle during some motion.
Vehicle Track
An Object Track Point that is where a Vehicle is or was located during some motion.
Vehicle Track Point
Gearbox
Transmission
A Power Transmission Artifact that is designed to vary the output speed and torque in a rotating power transfer system.
Vehicle Transmission
A Process Profile of an object's Motion that describes its Speed and direction with respect to a frame of reference.
Velocity
An Artifact Function that is realized in processes in which some Artifact is used to control the quality of air in some space.
Ventilation Control Artifact Function
Accuracy of Information
Trueness Measurement
Veracity Measurement
A Measurement Information Content Entity that is a measurement of the extent to which a description conforms to the reality it describes.
Note, the term 'accuracy' is avoided due to its ambiguity between: correctness-of-performance (see: 'Reliability Measurement Information Content Entity'), correctness-of-information ('Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity'), and adherance-to-expectations (see: 'Deviation Measurement Information Content Entity').
Veracity Measurement Information Content Entity
A Color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray.
Vermilion
ITU Band Number 8
A Radio Frequency that is between 30 and 300 MHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 10–1 m
Very High Frequency
A Radio Communication Instrument that is designed to participate in some process that has process part some Very High Frequency.
Very High Frequency Communication Instrument
ITU Band Number 4
A Radio Frequency that is between 3 and 30 kHz.
The corresponding Wavelength range is 100–10 km
Very Low Frequency
Mechanical Oscillation
Vibration
An Oscillation Process that occurs around an equilibrium point in a material medium such that there is variation over time in the position of the material medium or its parts relative to that point.
Vibration Process
An Information Bearing Artifact that is designed to bear some specific Information Content Entity in the form of a sequence of representations that are presented sufficiently rapidly to create the appearance of motion and continuity.
Video
A Camera that is designed to form and digitally or physically record a continuous stream of subsequent images of an entity or scene such that the images can be played back in succession as a video.
Video Camera
A Local Administrative Region in which a human population permanently resides that is typically larger than the population of a hamlet but smaller than that of a Town.
Village
A Color that is lower than Blue with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 400 and 450 nanometers.
Violet
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 400 and 800 terahertz.
Visible light overlaps with near infrared and near ultraviolet.
Visible Light Frequency
A Wave Process in which an Electromagnetic Wave with a Visible Light Frequency is reflected off a portion of matter.
Visible Light Reflection Process
An Act of Observation that involves visual perception.
Visible Observation
Bionic Eye
An Artificial Eye that is designed to replace a missing eye, which performs the function of an eye.
Visual Prosthesis
An Artifact Function that is realized by processes in which some Artifact is used to cause a change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of an electrical component.
Voltage Regulating Artifact Function
A Disposition that inheres in a bearer in virtue of its being susceptible to having its otherwise reliable participation in processes of a certain type disrupted by a process of another type.
Vulnerability
A Storage Facility that is designed to store commercial goods.
Warehouse
A Notification Message that is designed to bear an Information Content Entity that describes a possible or impending threat.
Warning Message
A Facility that is designed to wash personnel or equipment.
Washing Facility
A Service Artifact Function that is realized in processes of collecting transporting processing recycling or disposing and monitoring of waste materials.
Waste Management Artifact Function
A Facility that is designed for managing waste from its inception to its final disposal.
Waste Management Facility
A Facility that is the bearer of functions realized in processes of storing water in an elevated container.
Water Tower
A Facility that is designed for making water more acceptable for a specific end-use.
Water Treatment Facility
A Vehicle that is designed to convey passengers, cargo, or equipment from one location to another by water travel.
Watercraft
A Fiat Process Part that consists of a portion of a Wave Process that begins at an arbitrary point of the Wave Process and ends at the next point when the pattern of the Wave Process begins to repeat.
Wave Cycle
A Natural Process that involves Oscillation accompanied by a transfer of energy that travels through a portion of matter or spatial region.
Wave Process
A Process Profile of a Wave Process.
This is a defined class used to group process profiles of Wave Processes. Note that not every relevant process profile can be asserted as a subtype, however, because they (e.g. Frequency and Amplitude) are applicable to other processes as well (e.g. Oscillation Process).
Wave Process Profile
Wave Production Process
A Natural Process in which a Wave Process is generated.
Wave Production
A Wave Process Profile that is the shape of the Wave Cycles of the Wave Process when depicted in a visual graph.
Waveform
A Wave Process Profile that is the distance the Wave Process traverses during one Wave Cycle.
Assuming a non-dispersive media, the Wavelength will be the inverse of the Frequency.
Wavelength
Undulate
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of it having a sinuous or rippled border.
Wavy
An Artifact that is designed to destroy or inflict damage to structures or systems, or to kill or wound living things.
Weapon
A Factory that is designed to produce or assemble weapons.
Weapon Manufacturing Facility
Act of Webcasting
An Act of Communciation by Media transmitted to an audience over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source that may be distributed live or on demand.
Essentially, webcasting is “broadcasting” over the Internet.
Webcast
Act of Wedding Ceremony
An Act of Ceremony in which two Persons are united in Marriage or a similar institution.
Wedding
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to seven consecutive Days.
Week
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Week.
Week Identifier
A Quality that inheres in some material entity with a mass in virtue of its location in some gravitational field.
When an object is "weighed", in the typical case, it is done so by taking into account the local force of gravity to determine the object's mass, whose standard of measure is the kilogram. The actual unit of measure of weight is the newton.
Weight
A Quality that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the degree to which the bearer is covered by a liquid, typically on a continuum of dry to wet.
Wetness
A Surfactant Artifact Function that is realized in a process that reduces the water repellent tendency of a substance thereby allowing it to become wet.
Wetting Agent Artifact Function
A Color of maximum brightness, the color of objects that reflect nearly all wavelengths of the visible light spectrum, thus considered achromatic.
White
Broad
Fat
A Shape Quality inhering in a bearer in virtue of the bearer having a width or depth which is significantly larger in proportion to its length or height.
Wide
A One Dimensional Extent that inheres in a bearer in virtue of the bearer's extension in a horizontal direction.
Width
An Electric Power Station that is designed to convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power by means of wind turbines.
Wind Farm
A Radio Antenna that consists primarily of a length of wire.
Wire Antenna
A Radio Receiver that uses a Wire Antenna to intercept radio signals.
Wire Receiver
A Communication Artifact Function that is realized in a process that conveys meaningful signs by means of a (usually cylindrical) flexible strand or rod of metal.
Wired Communication Artifact Function
A Communication Reception Artifact Function that inheres in an Artifact that is capable of receiving information transmitted from another Artifact to which it is connected by an electrical conductor.
Wired Communication Reception Artifact Function
A Communication Relay Artifact Function that is realized during events in which an Artifact is used to first receive and then transmit information by means of wires from one Artifact to another for the purpose of communiction.
Wired Communication Relay Artifact Function
A Telephone Call transmitted over a network where the telephones are mobile and can move anywhere within the coverage area.
Wireless Network Telephone Call
Wireless Network
A Telecommunication Network that uses wireless connections to connect Telecommunication Network Nodes.
Wireless Telecommunication Network
Wounded
A Damaged Stasis in which a Person or other organism is the bearer of a Quality or Realizable Entity that has suffered impairment (i.e., a decrease or loss) due to an injuring event.
Wounded Stasis
A Microscope that is designed to use Electromagnetic Radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce a significantly enlarged image of the Object.
X-ray Microscope
A Telescope that is designed to aid in the observation of spatially distant Objects by means of collecting and focusing X-rays to form an enhanced image of the Object.
X-ray Telescope
An Electromagnetic Radiation Frequency of some Electromagnetic Wave that is between 30 petahertz and 30 exahertz.
X-ray Frequency
Vertical Axis
An Axis of Rotation that passes through the center of an object's Mass from the top to the bottom and is perpendicular to the direction of the object's motion. For objects in Orbit, the Yaw Axis passes through the Barycenter of its Orbit.
Yaw Axis
Yaw
A Spatial Orientation of an Object relative to its Yaw Axis.
Yaw Orientation
A One-Dimensional Temporal Region that is equal to the approximate length of time required for an Astronomical Body to complete one Orbital Revolution around its Primary Body as specified relative to a particular Temporal Reference System.
Unless otherwise specified, a Year is assumed to be relative to the Orbiting of the Earth around the Sun and is approximately equal to 12 Months or 365 Days.
Year
A Temporal Interval Identifier that designates some Year.
Year Identifier
A Color that is between Orange and Green with a wavelength in the visible spectrum typically between 560 to 590 nanometers.
Yellow
A One-Dimensional Spatial Region that extends from a given location upward along the local vertical direction pointing in the direction opposite the apparent Gravitational Force at that location.
Zenith
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'x'.
x-Axis
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'y'.
y-Axis
A Coordinate System Axis designated by the variable 'z'.
z-Axis
acre
Acre Measurement Unit
Afghanistan Afghani
Albania Lek
Algerian Dinar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+1
Alpha Time Zone
Angolan Kwanza
Angstrom
Ångström
Angstrom Measurement Unit
Argentine Peso
Armenian Dram
atm
Atmosphere Measurement Unit
Australian Dollar
Azerbaijan Manat
Bangladesh Taka
bar
Bar Measurement Unit
"Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the barycenter of the Solar system: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Solar system but is outside the system's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Sun and the rest of the system." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycentric_Coordinate_Time)
Barycentric Coordinate Time
TDB is a linear scaling of Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB) and is a relativistic coordinate time scale used in astronomy as a time standard that accounts for time dilation when calculating Orbits and Ephemerides of Astronomical Bodies and interplanetary Spacecraft in the Solar System. TDB is a successor of Ephemeris Time (ET) and is nearly equivalent to the time scale Teph used for DE405 planetary and lunar ephemerides generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Barycentric Dynamical Time
Bayre Measurement Unit
Belarussian Ruble
Bhutan Ngultrum
Binary Radian
Brad
Binary Degree Measurement Unit
Bolivia Boliviano
Bosnia And Herzegovina Convertible Mark
Botswana Pula
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+2
Bravo Time Zone
Brazilian Real
BTU
Btu
British Thermal Unit Measurement Unit
Brunei Dollar
Bulgarian Lev
Burundi Franc
CFA Franc
CFP Franc
cal
Calorie Measurement Unit
Cambodian Riel
Canadian Dollar
Cape Verde Escudo
Centigram Measurement Unit
Centiliter Measurement Unit
Centimeter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+3
Charlie Time Zone
Chilean Peso
Chinese Renminbi
Colombian Peso
Comoros Franc
UTC is a variant of Universal Time that is calculated by combining Universal Time 1 with International Atomic Time by occasionally adding leap seconds to TAI in order to maintain UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1. The difference between UTC and UT1 is called DUT1 and always has a value between -0.9 seconds and +0.9 seconds. Coordinated Universal Time is the current basis for civil time and is the reference time for time zones, whose local times are defined based on an offset from UTC.
Coordinated Universal Time
Costa Rica Colon
Croatia Kuna
cm^3
Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
dm^3
Cubic Decimeter Measurement Unit
ft^3/s
Cubic Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft^3
Cubic Foot Measurement Unit
in^3
Cubic Inch Measurement Unit
m^3
Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
Cubic Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
mm^3
Cubic Millimeter Measurement Unit
yrd^3
Cubic Yard Measurement Unit
Czech Koruna
Danish Krone
Day Measurement Unit
Decibel Measurement Unit
Decigram Measurement Unit
Deciliter Measurement Unit
Decimeter Measurement Unit
Degree Celsius Measurement Unit
Degree Fahrenheit Measurement Unit
Degree Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+4
Delta Time Zone
Democratic Republic Of Congo Franc
Dominican Peso
dyn
Dyne Measurement Unit
dyne s
dyne second
Dyne Second Measurement Unit
Conventional Terrestrial Coordinate System
ECEF
ECR
Earth Centered Earth Fixed
Earth Centered Rotational Coordinate System
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed
Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed
A Geospatial and Cartesian Coordinate System that identifies positions using an x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis coordinate where the zero point is the center of the Earth, the z-Axis extends toward the North Pole but does not always coincide exactly with the Earth's Axis of Rotation, the x-Axis extends through the intersection of the Prime Meridian and the Equator, the y-Axis completes the right-handed system, and all three axes are fixed to the Earth such that they rotate along with the Earth.
Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Coordinate System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+5
Echo Time Zone
Egyptian Pound
ET is an astronomical time scale that was adopted as a standard in 1952 by the IAU but has since been superseded and is no longer actively used. ET is based on the ephemeris second, which was defined as a fraction of the tropical year for 1900 January 01 as calculated using Newcomb's 1895 tables of the Sun. ET was designed to avoid problems caused by variations in Earth's rotational period and was used for Solar System ephemeris calculations until being replaced by Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT) in 1979.
Ephemeris Time
erg
Erg Measurement Unit
Ethiopian Birr
Euro
ft/s
Feet Per Second Measurement Unit
ft/s/s
ft/s^2
Feet Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
Fiji Dollar
Foot Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+6
Foxtrot Time Zone
Greenwich Mean Time
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+0
GMT
Newfoundland Standard Time
CAT
Central African Time
GMT-1
HST
Hawaii Standard Time
GMT-10
MIT
Midway Islands Time
GMT-11
BET
Brazil Eastern Time
GMT-2
AGT
Argentina Standard Time
GMT-3
PRT
Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands Time
GMT-4
EST
Eastern Standard Time
IET
Indiana Eastern Standard Time
GMT-5
CST
Central Standard Time
GMT-6
MST
Mountain Standard Time
PNT
Phoenix Standard Time
GMT-7
PST
Pacific Standard Time
GMT-8
AST
Alaska Standard Time
GMT-9
Iran Standard Time
Iran Time
Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka Standard Time
Australian Central Standard Time
ECT
European Central Time
GMT+1
AET
Australia Eastern Time
GMT+10
SST
Solomon Standard Time
GMT+11
NST
New Zealand Standard Time
GMT+12
EET
Eastern European Time
GMT+2
EAT
Eastern African Time
GMT+3
NET
Near East Time
GMT+4
PLT
Pakistan Lahore Time
GMT+5
BST
Bangladesh Standard Time
GMT+6
VST
Vietnam Standard Time
GMT+7
CTT
China Taiwan Time
GMT+8
JST
Japan Standard Time
GMT+9
gal
Gallon Measurement Unit
gal/min
Gallon Per Minute Measurement Unit
Gambian Dalasi
"TCG is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth. It is equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth: that is, a clock that performs exactly the same movements as the Earth but is outside the Earth's gravity well. It is therefore not influenced by the gravitational time dilation caused by the Earth." From: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_Coordinate_Time)
Geocentric Coordinate Time
Georgian Lari
Ghana Cedi
GHz
Gigahertz Measurement Unit
Global Area Reference System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+7
Golf Time Zone
Gon
Grad
Grade
Gradian Measurement Unit
Gram Measurement Unit
g-mol
gram-mole
Gram-Mole Measurement Unit
Gram Per Cubic Centimeter Measurement Unit
g/s
Gram Per Second Measurement Unit
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years except Years that are evenly divisible by 100 but not 400 such that there are 97 leap Years every 400 Years and the average length of a Gregorian Year is 365.2425 Days (365 Days 5 Hours 49 Minutes 12 Seconds).
The Gregorian Calendar was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII via papal bull on 24 February 1582 as a reform of the Julian Calendar to stop the drift of the calendar with respect to the equinoxes and solstices. The Gregorian Calendar is currently the most widely used civil Calendar System in the world and is 13 days ahead of the Julian Calendar Date.
Gregorian Calendar
Guatemala Quetzal
Guinean Franc
Guyana Dollar
Haiti Gourde
cycles per second
Hertz Measurement Unit
Honduras Lempira
HongKong Dollar
Horsepower Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+8
Hotel Time Zone
Hour Measurement Unit
Hungary Forint
Iceland Krona
Inch Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+9
India Time Zone
Indian Rupee
Indonesia Rupiah
TAI is a time standard the values of which are generated by calculating the weighted average of the measurements of more than 400 atomic clocks and is based on the International System of Units (SI) definition of one second equals the time it takes a Cesium-133 atom at the ground state to oscillate exactly 9,192,631,770 times. TAI is extremely precise, but does not perfectly synchronize with Earth times, which is why TAI and UT1 are both used to determine UTC. TAI serves as the main realization of TT.
International Atomic Time
The ITRS definition fulfills the following conditions: 1. It is geocentric, the center of mass being defined for the whole earth, including oceans and atmosphere. 2. The unit of length is the metre (SI). This scale is consistent with the TCG time coordinate for a geocentric local frame, in agreement with IAU and IUGG (1991) resolutions. This is obtained by appropriate relativistic modelling. 3. Its orientation was initially given by the BIH orientation at 1984.0. 4. The time evolution of the orientation is ensured by using a no-net-rotation condition with regards to horizontal tectonic motions over the whole earth. From: (https://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Science/ITRS/ITRS.html)
International Terrestrial Reference System
Iranian Rial
Israel Shekel
Jamaican Dollar
Japanese Yen
JPL Ephemeris Time
Teph (the 'eph' is written as subscript) is an ephemeris time argument developed and calculated at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and implemented in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides (DE), including the currently used DE405. Teph is characterized as a relativistic coordinate time that is nearly equivalent to the IAU's definition of TCB, though Teph is not currently an IAU time standard. Teph is used by the JPL to generate the ephemerides it publishes to support spacecraft navigation and astronomy.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ephemeris Time Argument
Joule Measurement Unit
A Solar Calendar System that has a regular Year of 365 24-Hour Days divided into 12 Months with a leap day added at the end of February every 4 Years such that the average length of a Julian Year is 365.25 Days.
The Julian Calendar was proposed by Julius Caesar as a reform of the Roman Calendar, took effect on 1 January 46 BC, and was the predominant Calendar System in Europe until being largely replaced by the Gregorian Calendar.
Julian Calendar
Juliet time is used as an indexical to refer to local time without otherwise specifying the time zone.
Juliet Time Zone
Kazakhstan Tenge
Kelvin Measurement Unit
Kenyan Shilling
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+10
Kilo Time Zone
Kilogram Per Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
Kilopond Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Kilogram Force Per Centimeter Square Measurement Unit
Kilogram Measurement Unit
kg m/s
Kilogram Meter Per Second Measurement Unit
Kilogram Meter Square Measurement Unit
kg-mol
kilogram-mole
Kilogram-Mole Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Cubic Meter Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Liter Measurement Unit
Kilogram Per Second Measurement Unit
kHz
Kilohertz Measurement Unit
Kiloliter Measurement Unit
Kilometer Measurement Unit
km/h
Kilometers Per Hour Measurement Unit
km/s
Kilometers Per Second Measurement Unit
km/s/s
Kilometers Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
kilomole
kmol
Kilomole Measurement Unit
Kilonewton Measurement Unit
Kilogram Force Measurement Unit
Kilogram-Force
kgf
Kilopond Measurement Unit
kVA
Kilovolt Ampere Measurement Unit
Knot Measurement Unit
Kuwaiti Dinar
Kyrgyzstan Som
Laos Kip
Lebanese Pound
Lesotho Loti
Liberian Dollar
Libyan Dinar
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+11
Lima Time Zone
Litre
Liter Measurement Unit
l/s
Liter Per Second Measurement Unit
Displacement Ton
Gross Ton
Imperial Ton
Weight Ton
ton (UK)
Long Ton Measurement Unit
Macao Pataca
Macedonian Denar
Mach Measurement Unit
Madagascar Malagasy Ariary
Malawi Kwacha
Malaysia Ringgit
Mauritania Ouguiya
Mauritius Rupee
MHz
Megahertz Measurement Unit
Meter Measurement Unit
m/s
Meters Per Second Measurement Unit
m/s/s
m/s^2
Meters Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
tonne
Metric Ton Measurement Unit
Mexican Peso
Mike Time Zone is the same local time as Yankee Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) ahead of Yankee Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC+12
Mike Time Zone
Mile Measurement Unit
mi/h
mph
Miles Per Hour Measurement Unit
mi/s
Miles Per Second Measurement Unit
mi/s/s
Miles Per Second Per Second Measurement Unit
Milliampere Measurement Unit
mbar
Millibar Measurement Unit
Milligram Measurement Unit
Milliliter Measurement Unit
Millimeter Measurement Unit
Minute Measurement Unit
Arcminute
MOA
amin
arcmin
Minute of Arc Measurement Unit
Moldovan Leu
One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities.
Mole Measurement Unit
Mongolia Tugrik
Month Measurement Unit
Morocco Dirham
Mozambique Metical
Myanmar Kyat
Namibia Dollar
Nanometre
Nanometer Measurement Unit
nmi
Nautical Mile Measurement Unit
Nepalese Rupee
New Zealand Dollar
Newton Measurement Unit
Newton Meter Measurement Unit
N s
Newton second
Newton Second Measurement Unit
Ns/kg
Newton Second Per Kilogram Measurement Unit
Nicaragua Cordoba Oro
Nigeria Naira
North Korean Won
Norwegian Krone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-1
November Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-2
Oscar Time Zone
Ounce Measurement Unit
Pakistani Rupee
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-3
Papa Time Zone
Papua New Guinea Kina
Paraguay Guarani
Pascal Measurement Unit
Peru Nuevo Sol
Philippine Peso
phon
Phon Measurement Unit
Pint Measurement Unit
Poland Zloty
Pound Foot Measurement Unit
Pound Foot Second Square Measurement Unit
lbf
Pound Force Measurement Unit
Pound Measurement Unit
lb-mol
lbmol
pound-mole
Pound-Mole Measurement Unit
lb/s
Pound Per Second Measurement Unit
psi
Pounds Per Square Inch Measurement Unit
Quart Measurement Unit
Quartic Meter Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-4
Quebec Time Zone
Radian Measurement Unit
r/day
Revolutions Per Day Measurement Unit
r/min
rpm
Revolutions Per Minute Measurement Unit
Romanian Leu
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-5
Romeo Time Zone
Russian Rouble
Rwanda Franc
Samoa Tala
Sao Tome Principe Dobra
Second Measurement Unit
Arcsecond
arcsec
asec
Second of Arc Measurement Unit
Serbian Dinar
Seychelles Rupee
shp
Shaft Horsepower Measurement Unit
Net Ton
ton (US)
Short Ton Measurement Unit
Sierra Leone Leone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-6
Sierra Time Zone
Singapore Dollar
slug ft/s
Slug Foot Per Second Measurement Unit
slug
Slug Measurement Unit
slug/s
Slug Per Second Measurement Unit
Solomon Island Dollar
sone
Sone Measurement Unit
South Africa Rand
South Korean Won
South Sudanese Pound
cm^2
Square Centimeter Measurement Unit
dm^2
Square Decimeter Measurement Unit
ft^2
Square Foot Measurement Unit
in^2
Square Inch Measurement Unit
km^2
Square Kilometer Measurement Unit
m^2
Square Meter Measurement Unit
mi^2
Square Mile Measurement Unit
mm^2
Square Millimeter Measurement Unit
yd^2
Square Yard Measurement Unit
Sri Lanka Rupee
St Helena Pound
cm^3/min
Standard Cubic Centimeter Per Minute Measurement Unit
Sudanese Pound
Surinamese Dollar
Swaziland Lilangeni
Swedish Krona
Swiss Franc
Syrian Pound
Tablespoon Measurement Unit
Tajikistan Somoni
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-7
Tango Time Zone
Tanzania Shilling
Teaspoon Measurement Unit
THz
Terahertz Measurement Unit
TT is an astronomical time standard that is a theoretical ideal designed to be free of the irregularities in Earth's rotation and is primarily used for time measurements of astronomical observations made from the surface of Earth. It was formerly called Terrestrial Dynamical Time (TDT), which was formulated to replace Ephemeris Time (ET).
Terrestrial Time
Thai Baht
Tonga Pa anga
Trinidad and Tobago Dollar
Tunisian Dinar
Turkish Lira
Turkmenistan Manat
Cycle
Full Circle
Revolution
Turn Measurement Unit
12-Hour Clock
12-Hour Clock Time System
Twelve Hour Clock
Twelve Hour Clock Time System
Twelve-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for keeping the Time of Day in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into two intervals of 12 Hours each, where: the first interval begins at midnight, ends at noon, and is indicated by the suffix 'a.m.'; the second interval begins at noon, ends at midnight, and is indicated by the suffix 'p.m.'; and the midnight and noon Hours are numbered 12 with subsequent Hours numbered 1-11.
Twelve-Hour Clock Time System
Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit
24-Hour Clock
24-Hour Clock Time System
Military Time
Military Time System
Twenty-Four Hour Clock Time System
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock
A Clock Time System for time keeping in which the Day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 Hours, indicated by the Hours passed since midnight, from 0 to 23.
Twenty-Four-Hour Clock Time System
Uganda Shilling
Ukraine Hryvnia
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-8
Uniform Time Zone
United Kingdom Pound
United States Dollar
UT0 is a variant of Universal Time that is measured by observing the diurnal motion of stars or extragalactic radio sources at a specific location on Earth. It does not take into consideration distorting factors, in particular polar motion, such that its value will differ based on the location it is measured at.
Universal Time 0
Astronomical Time
UT1 is a derivation of UT0 that takes into account distortions caused by polar motion and is proportional to the rotation angle of the Earth with respect to distant quasars, specifically, the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). UT1 is currently the most widely used variant of Universal Time and has the same value everywhere on Earth.
Universal Time 1
Universal Time 1 A
Universal Time 1 D
Universal Time 1 F
UT1R is a variant of Universal Time that is a smoothed version of UT1 by filtering out periodic variations due to tidal waves.
Universal Time 1 R
UT2 is a variant of Universal Time that smooths UT1 by accounting for both polar motion and variations in Earth's rotation due to seasonal factors, such as changes in vegetation and water or snow distribution.
Universal Time 2
Universal Transverse Mercator Reference System
Unix Time is a Temporal Reference System for describing a point in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Thursday, 1 January 1970 minus the number of leap seconds that have taken place since then. (See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time)
Unix Time
Uruguay Peso
Uzbekistan Sum
Vanuatu Vatu
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-9
Victor Time Zone
Viet Nam Dong
Volt Ampere Measurement Unit
Volt Measurement Unit
Watt Measurement Unit
Week Measurement Unit
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-10
Whiskey Time Zone
"WGS 84 is an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed terrestrial reference system and geodetic datum. WGS 84 is based on a consistent set of constants and model parameters that describe the Earth's size, shape, and gravity and geomagnetic fields. WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS)." From: (http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/2012/template/WGS_84.pdf)
World Geodetic System 1984
World Geographic Reference System
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-11
X-ray Time Zone
Offset from Universal Coordinated Time = UTC-12
Yankee Time Zone is the same local time as Mike Time Zone, but is 1 Day (i.e. 24 Hours) behind Mike Time Zone as they are on opposite sides of the International Date Line.
Yankee Time Zone
yrd
Yard Measurement Unit
Year Measurement Unit
Yemeni Rial
Zambia Kwacha
Zulu Time Zone