Material Science and Engineering Ontology
type: Ontology
imports: Core.rdf
contributor: Christoph Schweizer, Fraunhofer IWM @de
contributor: Martin Huschka,Fraunhofer EMI
contributor: Philipp von Hartrott, Fraunhofer IWM
contributor: Simon Stier, Fraunhofer ISC
abstract: This is the mid-level module of the Material Science and Engineering Ontology MSEO.
creator: Thomas Hanke, Fraunhofer IWM
license: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
publisher: Mat-O-Lab
references: terms
references: core#
label: Material Science and Engineering Ontology (MSEO)
copyright: Copyright (c) 2021-2023 Fraunhofer Group Materials and Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
maturity: Released
usage note: Use at will

in accordance with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: describedBy
range: Regulation
alternative label: in Übereinstimmung mit @de
definition: In accordance with is a phrase used to indicate that something is being done in line with a particular statement, law, or agreement.

Chemical Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Matter Object
natural language definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.

Act of Analysing
type: Class
subclass of: PlannedProcess
IAO_0000116: Not quite sure about this...
definition: Der Prozess des Zerlegens eines komplexen Themas oder Stoffes in kleinere Teile, um ein besseres Verständnis davon zu erlangen. @de
definition: The process of breaking down a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.
preferred label: Analysevorgang @de

Act of Summarising
type: Class
subclass of: PlannedProcess
alternative label: Zusammenfassungshandlung @de
definition: The act of summarising is the process of taking a large body of information and condensing it into a shorter, more concise version. It involves selecting key points from the original text and presenting them in a new way. The goal of summarising is to provide a clear and accurate overview of the main ideas and arguments of the original text.
natural language definition source: Summarization

Adhesion Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Haftfestigkeit @de
alternative label: Adhesive Strength
alternative label: Klebkraft @de
definition: Adhesion strength is the measure of the force required to separate two surfaces that are bonded together.
definition: Die Haftfestigkeit ist das Maß für die Kraft, die erforderlich ist, um zwei miteinander verbundene Oberflächen zu trennen. @de
natural language definition source: Adhesion strength

Annealing
type: Class
subclass of: ManufacturingProcess
label: Thermische Konditionierung @de
alternative label: Heat Treatment
alternative label: Wärmebehandlung @de
natural language definition source: Annealing (metallurgy)

Breaking Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Toughness
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture
comment: Where the Ultimate Strength is the maximum recorded stress, the breaking strength is the last stress recorded when the break event of the experiment occures.
label: Bruchfestigkeit @de
alternative label: Bruchspannung @de
alternative label: Fracture Stress
alternative label: Strength at Break
natural language definition: Fracture strength, also known as breaking strength, is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture. This is usually determined for a given specimen by a tensile test, which charts the stress–strain curve. The final recorded point is the fracture strength.

Brittleness
type: Class
subclass of: Capability
label: Sprödigkeit @de
alternative label: Fragility
alternative label: Zerbrechlichkeit @de
definition: Die Eigenschaft, leicht zu brechen oder zu beschädigen. @de
definition: Opposite to Toughness, brittleness is the property of being easily broken or damaged.
natural language definition source: Brittleness

Building
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact
alternative label: Gebäude @de
natural language definition source: Building

Bulk Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Stiffness
label: Kompressionsmodul @de
natural language definition: The bulk modulus ({\displaystyle K}K or {\displaystyle B}B) of a substance is a measure of how resistant to compression that substance is. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume. Other moduli describe the material's response (strain) to other kinds of stress: the shear modulus describes the response to shear stress, and Young's modulus describes the response to normal stress. For a fluid, only the bulk modulus is meaningful. For a complex anisotropic solid such as wood or paper, these three moduli do not contain enough information to describe its behaviour, and one must use the full generalized Hooke's law. The reciprocal of the bulk modulus at fixed temperature is called the isothermal compressibility.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_modulus

Chemical Element Fraction
type: Class
subclass of: ValueExpression
label: Chemischer Elementanteil @de
natural language definition: A Material Composition Quality expressing the amount of a Chemical Element incorporated.

Concentration
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
label: Konzentration @de
natural language definition source: Concentration

Consumable
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact
comment: Consumables are products that consumers use recurrently, i.e., items which "get used up" or discarded.

Control Software
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Creep Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Viscoelasticity
label: Kriechmodul @de
definition: Der Kriechmodul ist ein Maß für die Viskoelastizität eines Materials, das seine Fähigkeit zur Verformung unter Belastung im Laufe der Zeit beschreibt. @de
definition: The creep modulus is a measure of the viscoelasticity of a material, which is its ability to deform under stress over time.
natural language definition source: Viscoelasticity

Creep Resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Durability
label: Kriechfestigkeit @de
alternative label: Creep Resistant
alternative label: Kriechfestig @de
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, unter Last über einen bestimmten Zeitraum eine Deformation zu widerstehen. @de
definition: The ability of a material to resist deformation under load over time.
natural language definition source: Creep (deformation)

Creep Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Strain
label: Kriechverformung @de
alternative label: Creeping strain
alternative label: Kriechbeanspruchung @de
definition: A creep strain is a type of strain that occurs when a material is subjected to a constant stress over a long period of time.
definition: Eine Kriechverformung ist eine Art von Verformung, die auftritt, wenn ein Material einer konstanten Belastung über einen langen Zeitraum ausgesetzt ist. @de
natural language definition source: Creep (deformation)

Cross Section
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000009
alternative label: Querschnitt @de
natural language definition: a surface or shape exposed by making a straight cut through something, especially at right angles to an axis
natural language definition source: Cross section

Data Acquisition Software
type: Class
subclass of: Software

DataEvaluation
type: Class
subclass of: DataTransformation
comment: The process of evaluating some kind of data

DataExport
type: Class
subclass of: DataTransformation
comment: The process of exporting data (e.g. from a output file generated by some simulation software)

DataReduction
type: Class
subclass of: DataTransformation

DataTransformation
type: Class
subclass of: ComputingProcess

Deformation
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
IAO_0000116: excludes any rigid body motion
natural language definition: In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a non-dimensional change in length or angle of distortion of the cube. Strains are related to the forces acting on the cube, which are known as stress, by a stress-strain curve. The relationship between stress and strain is generally linear and reversible up until the yield point and the deformation is elastic. The linear relationship for a material is known as Young's modulus. Above the yield point, some degree of permanent distortion remains after unloading and is termed plastic deformation. The determination of the stress and strain throughout a solid object is given by the field of strength of materials and for a structure by structural analysis. Engineering stress and engineering strain are approximations to the internal state that may be determined from the external forces and deformations of an object, provided that there is no significant change in size. When there is a significant change in size, the true stress and true strain can be derived from the instantaneous size of the object. In the figure it can be seen that the compressive loading (indicated by the arrow) has caused deformation in the cylinder so that the original shape (dashed lines) has changed (deformed) into one with bulging sides. The sides bulge because the material, although strong enough to not crack or otherwise fail, is not strong enough to support the load without change. As a result, the material is forced out laterally. Internal forces (in this case at right angles to the deformation) resist the applied load.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(engineering)

Deformation Speed
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessCharacteristic
label: Deformationsgeschwindigkeit @de
alternative label: Dehnrate @de
alternative label: Strain Rate
natural language definition: Strain rate is the change in strain (deformation) of a material with respect to time. The strain rate at some point within the material measures the rate at which the distances of adjacent parcels of the material change with time in the neighborhood of that point. It comprises both the rate at which the material is expanding or shrinking (expansion rate), and also the rate at which it is being deformed by progressive shearing without changing its volume (shear rate). It is zero if these distances do not change, as happens when all particles in some region are moving with the same velocity (same speed and direction) and/or rotating with the same angular velocity, as if that part of the medium were a rigid body. The strain rate is a concept of materials science and continuum mechanics, that plays an essential role in the physics of fluids and deformable solids. In an isotropic Newtonian fluid, in particular, the viscous stress is a linear function of the rate of strain, defined by two coefficients, one relating to the expansion rate (the bulk viscosity coefficient) and one relating to the shear rate (the "ordinary" viscosity coefficient). In solids, higher strain rates can often cause normally ductile materials to fail in a brittle manner.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_rate

Ductility
type: Class
subclass of: Capability
label: Duktilität @de
alternative label: Biegsamkeit @de
alternative label: Flexibility
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, plastisch zu verformen, ohne zu brechen @de
definition: The ability of a material to deform plastically without breaking
natural language definition source: Ductility

Durability
type: Class
subclass of: Capability
label: Dauerhaftigkeit @de
alternative label: Langlebigkeit @de
alternative label: Longevity
definition: Die Dauerhaftigkeit ist die Fähigkeit eines Materials, Abnutzung, Rissbildung und andere Arten von Schäden im Laufe der Zeit zu widerstehen. @de
definition: Durability is the ability of a material to resist wear, tear and other types of damage over time.
natural language definition source: Durability

Dynamic Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Viscosity
label: Dynamische Viskosität @de
definition: Die dynamische Viskosität ist ein Maß für den Widerstand eines Fluids gegen eine allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung. Es ist ein Maß für den inneren Widerstand des Fluids gegen den Fluss und kann als Maß für die Flüssigkeitsreibung betrachtet werden. @de
definition: Dynamic viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. It is a measure of the fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction.
natural language definition source: Viscosity

Elastic Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Stiffness
label: Elastizitätsmodul @de
alternative label: Young's Modulus
natural language definition: An elastic modulus (also known as modulus of elasticity) is a quantity that measures an object or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it. The elastic modulus of an object is defined as the slope of its stress–strain curve in the elastic deformation region: A stiffer material will have a higher elastic modulus. An elastic modulus has the form: {\displaystyle \delta \ {\stackrel {\text{def}}{=}}\ {\frac {\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}}}{\displaystyle \delta \ {\stackrel {\text{def}}{=}}\ {\frac {\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}}} where stress is the force causing the deformation divided by the area to which the force is applied and strain is the ratio of the change in some parameter caused by the deformation to the original value of the parameter. Since strain is a dimensionless quantity, the units of {\displaystyle \delta }\delta will be the same as the units of stress.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_modulus

Elastic Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Strain
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)
label: Elastische Deformation @de
alternative label: Elastic Deformation
alternative label: Elastische Verformung @de
natural language definition: For many ductile metals, tensile loading applied to a sample will cause it to behave in an elastic manner. Each increment of load is accompanied by a proportional increment in extension. When the load is removed, the piece returns to its original size. However, once the load exceeds a threshold – the yield strength – the extension increases more rapidly than in the elastic region; now when the load is removed, some degree of extension will remain. Elastic deformation, however, is an approximation and its quality depends on the time frame considered and loading speed. If, as indicated in the graph opposite, the deformation includes elastic deformation, it is also often referred to as "elasto-plastic deformation" or "elastic-plastic deformation".

Elasticity
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Elastizität @de
alternative label: Elastic
alternative label: Elastisch @de
alternative label: Resilience
alternative label: Widerstandsfähigkeit @de
definition: Elasticity is the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after deformation.
definition: Elastizität ist die Fähigkeit eines Objekts oder Materials, nach Deformation seine normale Form wiederherzustellen. @de
natural language definition source: Elasticity (physics)

Electric Capacitance
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
alternative label: Elektrische Kapazität @de
natural language definition source: Capacitance

Electric Charge
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
alternative label: Elektrische Ladung @de
definition: The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
natural language definition source: Electric charge

Electric Current
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessCharacteristic
alternative label: Elektischer Strom @de
natural language definition source: Electric current

Electrical Conductance
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
alternative label: Leitfähigkeit @de
alternative label: Stromleitfähigkeit @de
definition: The electrical conductance of a conductor is the reciprocal of its electrical resistance. It is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. The SI unit of electrical conductance is the siemens (S).
preferred label: Elektrische Leitfähigkeit @de
natural language definition source: Electrical conductance

Engineering Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Strain
label: Technische Dehnung @de
alternative label: Cauchy Strain
alternative label: Technical Strain
natural language definition: The Engineering strain also known as Cauchy strain is expressed as the ratio of total deformation to the initial dimension of the material body on which forces are applied. The engineering normal strain or engineering extensional strain or nominal strain e of a material line element or fiber axially loaded is expressed as the change in length ΔL per unit of the original length L of the line element or fibers. The normal strain is positive if the material fibers are stretched and negative if they are compressed. Thus, we have {\displaystyle \ e={\frac {\Delta L}{L}}={\frac {l-L}{L}}}{\displaystyle \ e={\frac {\Delta L}{L}}={\frac {l-L}{L}}} where e is the engineering normal strain, L is the original length of the fiber and l is the final length of the fiber. Measures of strain are often expressed in parts per million or microstrains. @de
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(physics)#Engineering_strain

Engineering Stress
type: Class
subclass of: Stress
IAO_0000116: Assumes unchanged size of Area the force is normalized to. Changes in the Area can only be neclected for very small deformations.
label: Technische Spannung @de
natural language definition: Consider a bar of original cross sectional area {\displaystyle A_{0}}A_{0} being subjected to equal and opposite forces {\displaystyle F}F pulling at the ends so the bar is under tension. The material is experiencing a stress defined to be the ratio of the force to the cross sectional area of the bar, as well as an axial elongation: {\displaystyle \sigma ={\tfrac {F}{A_{0}}}}{\displaystyle \sigma ={\tfrac {F}{A_{0}}}} {\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\tfrac {L-L_{0}}{L_{0}}}={\tfrac {\Delta L}{L_{0}}}}{\displaystyle \varepsilon ={\tfrac {L-L_{0}}{L_{0}}}={\tfrac {\Delta L}{L_{0}}}} Subscript 0 denotes the original dimensions of the sample. The SI unit for stress is newton per square metre, or pascal (1 pascal = 1 Pa = 1 N/m2), and strain is unitless. Stress-strain curve for this material is plotted by elongating the sample and recording the stress variation with strain until the sample fractures. By convention, the strain is set to the horizontal axis and stress is set to vertical axis. Note that for engineering purposes we often assume the cross-section area of the material does not change during the whole deformation process. This is not true since the actual area will decrease while deforming due to elastic and plastic deformation. The curve based on the original cross-section and gauge length is called the engineering stress-strain curve, while the curve based on the instantaneous cross-section area and length is called the true stress-strain curve. Unless stated otherwise, engineering stress-strain is generally used.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93strain_curve

Experiment
type: Class
subclass of: MeasurementProcess
label: Versuch @de
alternative label: Prüfung @de
alternative label: Test
natural language definition: In engineering and the physical sciences, experiments are a primary component of the scientific method. They are used to test theories and hypotheses about how physical processes work under particular conditions (e.g., whether a particular engineering process can produce a desired chemical compound). Typically, experiments in these fields focus on replication of identical procedures in hopes of producing identical results in each replication. Random assignment is uncommon.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment

Extentional Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Viscosity
label: Dehnviskosität @de
definition: Die Messung des Widerstands einer Flüssigkeit gegen den Fluss bei Dehnspannung @de
definition: The measure of a fluid's resistance to tension flow
natural language definition source: Viscosity

Extrapolation
type: Class
subclass of: DataTransformation
alternative label: Ausdehnung @de
alternative label: Erraten @de
alternative label: Erweiterung @de
alternative label: Estimating
alternative label: Expanding
alternative label: Forecasting
alternative label: Guessing
alternative label: Predicting
alternative label: Prognose @de
alternative label: Schätzung @de
alternative label: Vorhersage @de
natural language definition source: Extrapolation

Fatigue Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Ermüdungsfestigkeit @de
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, Ermüdung oder zyklische Belastung zu widerstehen. @de
definition: The ability of a material to resist fatigue or cyclic loading.
natural language definition source: Fatigue strength

Flexural Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Breaking Strength
label: Biegefestigkeit @de
alternative label: Bending Strength
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, unter Biegelast Deformationen zu widerstehen. @de
definition: The ability of a material to resist deformation under flexual load.
natural language definition source: Flexural strength

Force Measurement Artifact Function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: Messfunktion für Kraftmessung @de
natural language definition: Eine Messfunktion, die während Ereignissen realisiert wird, in denen ein Artefakt verwendet wird, um die auf ein bestimmtes Objekt oder eine Klasse von Objekten angewendete Kraft zu messen. @de
natural language definition source: Force measurement

Force Rate
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessCharacteristic
IAO_0000116: second derivative of momentum with respect to time
label: Kraftrate @de
alternative label: Ruck @de
alternative label: Yank
natural language definition: In physics, yank is sometimes used to denote the derivative of force with respect to time or mass multiplied by jerk. In relativistic physics, it is expressed as the second derivative of momentum with respect to time, because the mass is velocity-dependent. Though not universally accepted as an official term for this quantity, the term "yank" is commonly used among physics enthusiasts.
natural language definition source: https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1620873

Hardness
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Härte @de
definition: Die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen lokalisierte Verformung oder Plastizität, die durch mechanische Einwirkung wie Biegen, Quetschen oder Kratzen verursacht wird. @de
definition: The resistance of a material to localized deformation or plasticity caused by mechanical action, such as bending, crushing, or scratching.
natural language definition source: Hardness

Identation Hardness
type: Class
subclass of: Hardness
label: Indentationshärte @de
definition: Die Indentationshärte ist ein Maß für die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Eindringen. @de
definition: Identation hardness is a measure of the resistance of a material to indentation.
natural language definition source: Indentation hardness

Impact Strenght
type: Class
subclass of: Toughness
label: Schlagzähigkeit @de
alternative label: Impact Strength
alternative label: Schlagfestigkeit @de
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, Energie zu absorbieren und bei Anwendung einer dynamischen Last plastisch zu verformen, ohne dass es bricht @de
definition: The ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing when a dynamic load is applied
natural language definition source: Impact strength

Indenting Artifact Function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
alternative label: Indentierungsartefaktfunktionalität @de
alternative label: Indenting Artifact Functionality
preferred label: Indentierungsartefaktfunktion @de
natural language definition: Eine Funktion, die während Ereignissen realisiert wird, in denen ein Artefakt verwendet wird, um einen Eindruck in ein weiter Objekt zu erzeugen. @de

Industry Project
type: Class
subclass of: Project

Interpolation
type: Class
subclass of: DataTransformation
alternative label: Interpolar
alternative label: Interpolieren @de
definition: Interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.
definition: Interpolation ist eine Methode zum Konstruieren neuer Datenpunkte innerhalb des Bereichs eines diskreten Satzes bekannter Datenpunkte. @de
natural language definition source: Interpolation

Kinematic Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Viscosity
alternative label: Kinetic Viscosity
alternative label: Kinetische Viskosität @de
definition: Die kinematische Viskosität ist das Verhältnis der dynamischen Viskosität zur Dichte. @de
definition: Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.
preferred label: Kinematische Viskosität @de
natural language definition source: Kinematic viscosity

Lower Yield Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Yield Strength
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(engineering)
label: Untere Streckgrenze @de
alternative label: Lower Yield Stress
alternative label: Untere Fließspannung @de
natural language definition: Some metals, such as mild steel, reach an upper yield point before dropping rapidly to a lower yield point. The material response is linear up until the upper yield point, but the lower yield point is used in structural engineering as a conservative value. If a metal is only stressed to the upper yield point, and beyond, Lüders bands can develop.

Luminous Intensity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
alternative label: Lichtintensität @de
definition: Die Lichtstärke einer Quelle ist die Menge des sichtbaren Lichts, das pro Einheitswinkel in eine bestimmte Richtung abgestrahlt wird, gemessen in Candela (cd). @de
definition: The luminous intensity of a source is the amount of visible light emitted per unit solid angle in a particular direction, measured in candela (cd).
preferred label: Leuchtintensität @de
natural language definition source: Luminous intensity

Machine Software
type: Class
subclass of: Software
comment: Machine specific software, e.g. used to control the process or acquire data

Magnetic Flux
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessCharacteristic
alternative label: Magnetfeld @de
alternative label: Magnetic Field
definition: Der magnetische Fluss ist die Gesamtzahl der durch eine bestimmte Fläche verlaufenden Magnetfeldlinien @de
definition: The magnetic flux is the total number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area
preferred label: Magnetischer Fluss @de
natural language definition source: Magnetic flux

Malleability
type: Class
subclass of: Ductility
label: Formbarkeit @de
alternative label: Malleable
alternative label: formbar @de
definition: Im Vergleich zu Duktilität, werden Materialen als formbar angesehen, wenn sie durch Hammern oder Walzen bearbeitet werden können @de
definition: In contrast to Ductility, materials were considered malleable if they were amenable to forming by hammering or rolling
natural language definition source: Ductility

Material Composition
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
label: Materialkomposition @de
alternative label: Materialzusammensetzung @de
definition: Any kind of quantity, that describes the composition of materials.
definition: Jede Art von Menge, die die Zusammensetzung von Materialien beschreibt. @de
preferred label: Zusammensetzung des Materials @de
natural language definition source: Material composition

Material Defect
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029
label: Material Defekt @de
alternative label: Material Fehler @de
definition: A material defect is a flaw in a material that can cause it to fail to perform its intended function.
natural language definition source: Material defect

Material Fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000016
label: Materialermüdung @de
alternative label: Ermüdung des Materials @de
alternative label: Fatigue of material
definition: Die Materialermüdung ist ein Versagen von Werkstoffen infolge wiederholter oder dauernder Belastung unterhalb der Probenfestigkeit. @de
definition: Material fatigue is the failure of a material caused by repeated or sustained loading below its ultimate strength.
natural language definition source: Materialermüdung

Material Meso Structure
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure
alternative label: Materialmesostruktur @de
definition: Eine Materialmesostruktur ist eine Struktur, die auf der meso Skalenebene aufgelöst werden kann. @de

Material Microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure
label: Materialmikrostruktur @de
alternative label: Mikrostruktur des Materials @de
definition: A material microstructure is a structure that can be resolved on the mikro scale.
definition: Eine Materialmesostruktur ist eine Struktur, die auf der mikro Skalenebene aufgelöst werden kann. @de
natural language definition source: Microstructure

Material Naming Convention
type: Class
subclass of: Regulation
alternative label: MNC
alternative label: MNK @de
definition: A Material Naming Convention (MNC) is a set of rules for creating and using names for materials in product data management systems.
definition: Eine Materialnamenskonvention (MNK) ist ein Satz von Regeln zur Erstellung und Verwendung von Namen für Materialien in Produktdatensystemen. @de
preferred label: Materialnamenskonvention @de

Material Nanostructure
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure
label: Materialnanostruktur @de
alternative label: Nnostruktur des Materials @de
definition: A material nanostructure is a structure that can be resolved on the nano scale.
definition: Eine Materialnanostruktur ist eine Struktur, die auf der nano Skalenebene aufgelöst werden kann. @de
natural language definition source: Nanostructure

Material Structure
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000024
preferred label: Materialstruktur @de
definition: Eine Materialstruktur ist ein organisches oder anorganisches Gebilde, das aus einer Anordnung von Atomen, Molekülen oder Ionen besteht. @de
natural language definition source: Materialstruktur

Material Structure Related Fiat Object Part
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure

Matter Object
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000030

Measurement Device
type: Class
subclass of: PieceOfEquipment
label: Messgerät @de
alternative label: Measuring Device
alternative label: Messinstrument @de
definition: A Artifact inhering a Measurement Artifact Function
definition: Ein Artefakt, das eine Messartefaktfunktion besitzt @de
natural language definition source: Measurement device

Measurement Region
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000028
preferred label: Messbereich @de
natural language definition: a three-dimensional spatial region which is prepared and or defined as scope for a measurement to be carried out
natural language definition source: Messbereich

Measurement Related Fiat Object Part
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure
comment: Measurement related fiat object part, e.g. measurement range or measurement location

Measurement Specimen Function
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000034
label: Prüfkörper Funktion @de
natural language definition: An artifact function gained by a preparation processedure aiming modifing an object to meet the specifications of a test procedure.

Mechanical Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Festigkeit @de
definition: In der Mechanik von Materialien ist die Festigkeit eines Materials die Fähigkeit, eine angewandte Last ohne Versagen oder plastische Verformung zu widerstehen. Das Gebiet der Festigkeit von Materialien beschäftigt sich mit Kräften und Verformungen, die durch ihre Wirkung auf ein Material entstehen. Eine auf ein mechanisches Mitglied angewendete Last induziert innere Kräfte innerhalb des Mitglieds, die bei Ausdruck dieser Kräfte auf einer Einheitbasis als Spannungen bezeichnet werden. Die auf das Material wirkenden Spannungen verursachen eine Verformung des Materials auf verschiedene Weise, einschließlich seiner vollständigen Zerstörung. Die Verformung des Materials wird als Dehnung bezeichnet, wenn diese Verformungen ebenfalls auf einer Einheitbasis angegeben werden. @de
natural language definition: In the mechanics of materials, the strength of a material is its ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation. The field of strength of materials deals with forces and deformations that result from their acting on a material. A load applied to a mechanical member will induce internal forces within the member called stresses when those forces are expressed on a unit basis. The stresses acting on the material cause deformation of the material in various manners including breaking them completely. Deformation of the material is called strain when those deformations too are placed on a unit basis.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials

Mechanical Workshop
type: Class
subclass of: Manufacturer
comment: A workshop dealing with mechanical manufacturing processes such as turning, wire eroding, separating, sawing...

Number Density
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
definition: Number density is a measure of the number of objects in a given unit volume, or unit area.
natural language definition source: Number density

Operational Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Betriebsfestigkeit @de
alternative label: Betriebsstärke @de
alternative label: Operation Strength
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Systems, seine vorgesehene Funktion in einer betrieblichen Umgebung auszuführen. @de
definition: The ability of a system to perform its intended function in an operational environment.
natural language definition source: Operational strength

Physics Model
type: Class
subclass of: Algorithm

Plastic Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Strain
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)
label: Plastische Deformation @de
alternative label: Plastic Deformation
alternative label: Plastische Verformung @de
natural language definition: In physics and materials science, plasticity, also known as plastic deformation, is the ability of a solid material to undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces.[1][2] For example, a solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permanent changes occur within the material itself. In engineering, the transition from elastic behavior to plastic behavior is known as yielding. Plastic deformation is observed in most materials, particularly metals, soils, rocks, concrete, and foams.[3][4][5][6] However, the physical mechanisms that cause plastic deformation can vary widely. At a crystalline scale, plasticity in metals is usually a consequence of dislocations. Such defects are relatively rare in most crystalline materials, but are numerous in some and part of their crystal structure; in such cases, plastic crystallinity can result. In brittle materials such as rock, concrete and bone, plasticity is caused predominantly by slip at microcracks. In cellular materials such as liquid foams or biological tissues, plasticity is mainly a consequence of bubble or cell rearrangements, notably T1 processes.

Plasticity
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Plastizität @de
definition: Plasticity is the ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without breaking or cracking.
definition: Plastizität ist die Fähigkeit eines Materials, dauerhafte Verformungen ohne Bruch oder Riss zu erleiden. @de
natural language definition source: Plasticity (physics)

Poisson Effect
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000017
label: Querkontraktion @de
natural language definition: The dual effect that a compression load has on an object: the compression causes the object to become shorter in the direction of the compressive load and wider laterally. Thus, an intervertebral disc subjected to compression will shorten in the vertical dimension, but will bulge out laterally. For each different type of material, there is a specific ratio of strain in the axial direction to strain in the transverse direction; this is known as the Poisson ratio.
natural language definition source: https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100333756

Poisson's Ratio
type: Class
subclass of: Poisson Effect
label: Poissonzahl @de
natural language definition: Poisson's ratio is a measure of the Poisson effect, the phenomenon in which a material tends to expand in directions perpendicular to the direction of compression. Conversely, if the material is stretched rather than compressed, it usually tends to contract in the directions transverse to the direction of stretching. It is a common observation when a rubber band is stretched, it becomes noticeably thinner. Again, the Poisson ratio will be the ratio of relative contraction to relative expansion and will have the same value as above. In certain rare cases, a material will actually shrink in the transverse direction when compressed (or expand when stretched) which will yield a negative value of the Poisson ratio.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio

Post Processing
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation

PreProcessing
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation

Preprocessing Software
type: Class
subclass of: Software
comment: Software used for preprocessing

Procedure
type: Class
subclass of: Regulation

Project
type: Class
subclass of: PlanSpecification

Proof Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical Strength
IAO_0000119: https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/6354/proof-stress
alternative label: Proof Stress
natural language definition: The proof stress of a material is defined as the amount of stress it can endure until it undergoes a relatively small amount of plastic deformation. Specifically, proof stress is the point at which the material exhibits 0.2% of plastic deformation.

Public Project
type: Class
subclass of: Project

Rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: Hardness
label: Rückprallhärte @de
definition: Die Rückprallhärte ist ein Maß für die Elastizität eines Materials, das als Verhältnis der Rückprallgeschwindigkeit zur Aufprallgeschwindigkeit eines Standardballs definiert wird, der auf eine Oberfläche geworfen wird. @de
definition: Rebound hardness is a measure of the elasticity of a material, which is defined as the ratio of the rebound velocity to the impact velocity of a standard ball dropped onto a surface.
natural language definition source: Rebound hardness

Region Of Interest
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000029

Regulation
type: Class
subclass of: PlanSpecification

Scratch Hardness
type: Class
subclass of: Hardness
alternative label: Kratzbeständigkeit @de
alternative label: Scratch Resistance
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, Kratzern zu widerstehen @de
definition: The ability of a material to resist being scratched
preferred label: Kratzfestigkeit @de
natural language definition source: Scratch hardness

Shear Modulus
type: Class
subclass of: Stiffness
label: Schubmodul @de
natural language definition: In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: {\displaystyle G\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {\tau _{xy}}{\gamma _{xy}}}={\frac {F/A}{\Delta x/l}}={\frac {Fl}{A\Delta x}}}G\ {\stackrel {{\mathrm {def}}}{=}}\ {\frac {\tau _{{xy}}}{\gamma _{{xy}}}}={\frac {F/A}{\Delta x/l}}={\frac {Fl}{A\Delta x}} where {\displaystyle \tau _{xy}=F/A\,}\tau _{{xy}}=F/A\, = shear stress {\displaystyle F}F is the force which acts {\displaystyle A}A is the area on which the force acts {\displaystyle \gamma _{xy}}\gamma _{xy} = shear strain. In engineering {\displaystyle :=\Delta x/l=\tan \theta }{\displaystyle :=\Delta x/l=\tan \theta }, elsewhere {\displaystyle :=\theta }{\displaystyle :=\theta } {\displaystyle \Delta x}\Delta x is the transverse displacement {\displaystyle l}l is the initial length of the area. The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form is M1L−1T−2, replacing force by mass times acceleration.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_modulus

Shear Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Viscosity
label: Scherviskosität @de
definition: Die Messung des Widerstands einer Flüssigkeit gegen den Fluss bei Scherspannung @de
definition: The measure of a fluid's resistance to shear flow
natural language definition source: Viscosity

Simulation
type: Class
subclass of: ComputingProcess

Simulation Software
type: Class
subclass of: Software

SimulationStep
type: Class
subclass of: Simulation

Software
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact

Software Architecture
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact

Software Script
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Software Tool
type: Class
subclass of: Software

Specific Heat Capacity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019

Specimen
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact
natural language definition: An Artifact manufactured with the purpose to be the scope Act of Observation or Measurement.

Stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: Elasticity
IAO_0000116: While Stiffness characterizes a bodies response, taking into account its geometry and materials. Elastic Modulus aims to be agnostic to geometry and specific for the material.
label: Steifigkeit @de
natural language definition: Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force. The complementary concept is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiffness

Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Deformation
label: Dehnung @de
natural language definition: Strain is related to deformation in terms of relative displacement of particles in the body that excludes rigid-body motions. Different equivalent choices may be made for the expression of a strain field depending on whether it is defined with respect to the initial or the final configuration of the body and on whether the metric tensor or its dual is considered.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(physics)

Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Capability
label: Stärke @de
alternative label: Festigkeit @de
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Objekts oder Stoffes, großer Kraft oder Druck standzuhalten. @de
definition: The capacity of an object or substance to withstand great force or pressure.
natural language definition source: Strength

Stress
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
label: Spannung @de
alternative label: Cauchy Stress
alternative label: True Stress
alternative label: Wahre Spannung @de
natural language definition: In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material. For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting an overhead weight, each particle in the bar pushes on the particles immediately below it. When a liquid is in a closed container under pressure, each particle gets pushed against by all the surrounding particles. The container walls and the pressure-inducing surface (such as a piston) push against them in (Newtonian) reaction. These macroscopic forces are actually the net result of a very large number of intermolecular forces and collisions between the particles in those molecules. Stress is frequently represented by a lowercase Greek letter sigma (σ).
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)

Surface Tension
type: Class
subclass of: Stress
label: Oberflächenspannung @de
alternative label: Surface Stress
definition: Die Oberflächenspannung einer Flüssigkeit ist ein Effekt innerhalb der Oberflächenschicht der Flüssigkeit, der durch Wechselwirkungskräfte zwischen den Molekülen der Flüssigkeit verursacht wird. @de
definition: The surface tension of a liquid is an effect within the surface layer of the liquid caused by intermolecular forces between the molecules of the liquid.
natural language definition source: Oberflächenspannung
natural language definition source: Surface tension

Technological Product Related Fiat Object Part
type: Class
subclass of: Material Structure

Tensile Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Breaking Strength
label: Zugfestigkeit @de
preferred label: Ultimate Tensile Strength
natural language definition: Ultimate tensile strength (UTS), often shortened to tensile strength (TS), ultimate strength, or {\displaystyle F_{\text{tu}}}{\displaystyle F_{\text{tu}}} within equations,[1][2][3] is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength can be higher. The ultimate tensile strength is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the engineering stress versus strain. The highest point of the stress–strain curve is the ultimate tensile strength and has units of stress. The equivalent point for the case of compression, instead of tension, is called the compressive strength. Tensile strengths are rarely of any consequence in the design of ductile members, but they are important with brittle members. They are tabulated for common materials such as alloys, composite materials, ceramics, plastics, and wood.
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength

Time of Break
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000148
natural language definition: The instand when a part or specimen breaks in an mechanical test.

Toughness
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Zähigkeit @de
definition: Toughness or tenacity describes the resistance of a material to fracture or crack propagation. Toughness is determined by the ability to absorb mechanical energy during plastic deformation.
definition: Zähigkeit oder Tenazität beschreibt die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Werkstoffs gegen Bruch oder Rissausbreitung. Die Zähigkeit wird durch die Fähigkeit zur Absorption von mechanischer Energie bei plastischer Verformung bestimmt. @de
natural language definition source: Zähigkeit

Logarithmic Strain
type: Class
subclass of: Strain
label: True Strain
label: Wahre Dehnung @de
alternative label: Hencky Strain
natural language definition: The logarithmic strain ε, also called, true strain or Hencky strain. Considering an incremental strain (Ludwik) {\displaystyle \ \delta \varepsilon ={\frac {\delta l}{l}}}{\displaystyle \ \delta \varepsilon ={\frac {\delta l}{l}}} the logarithmic strain is obtained by integrating this incremental strain: {\displaystyle \ {\begin{aligned}\int \delta \varepsilon &=\int _{L}^{l}{\frac {\delta l}{l}}\\\varepsilon &=\ln \left({\frac {l}{L}}\right)=\ln(\lambda )\\&=\ln(1+e)\\&=e-{\frac {e^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {e^{3}}{3}}-\cdots \\\end{aligned}}}{\displaystyle \ {\begin{aligned}\int \delta \varepsilon &=\int _{L}^{l}{\frac {\delta l}{l}}\\\varepsilon &=\ln \left({\frac {l}{L}}\right)=\ln(\lambda )\\&=\ln(1+e)\\&=e-{\frac {e^{2}}{2}}+{\frac {e^{3}}{3}}-\cdots \\\end{aligned}}} where e is the engineering strain. The logarithmic strain provides the correct measure of the final strain when deformation takes place in a series of increments, taking into account the influence of the strain path. @de
natural language definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(physics)#True_strain

Universal Testing Machine
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialArtifact
natural language definition: A machine capitable of performing komplex mechanical experiments, by applying force or displacement controlled regimes on specimen.

Upper Yield Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Yield Strength
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(engineering)
label: Obere Streckgrenze @de
alternative label: Obere Fließspannung @de
alternative label: Upper Yield Stress
natural language definition: Some metals, such as mild steel, reach an upper yield point before dropping rapidly to a lower yield point. The material response is linear up until the upper yield point, but the lower yield point is used in structural engineering as a conservative value. If a metal is only stressed to the upper yield point, and beyond, Lüders bands can develop.

Version Number
type: Class
subclass of: CodeIdentifier
natural language definition: A number designating a particular form of something that is slightly different from other forms of the same thing.

Viscoelasticity
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
label: Viscoelastizität @de
alternative label: Elasticity of viscosity
alternative label: Viskoelastizität @de
definition: Viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation.
definition: Viscoelastizität ist die Eigenschaft von Materialien, die sowohl viskose als auch elastische Eigenschaften aufweisen, wenn sie sich verformen. @de
natural language definition source: Viscoelasticity

Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Plasticity
label: Viskosität @de
definition: Die Messung des Widerstands einer Flüssigkeit gegen den Fluss @de
definition: The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
natural language definition source: Viscosity

Voltage
type: Class
subclass of: ProcessCharacteristic

Volume Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Viscosity
label: Volumenviskosität @de
definition: Die Messung des Widerstands einer Flüssigkeit gegen den Fluss bei Volumenspannung @de
definition: The measure of a fluid's resistance to volumetric stress
natural language definition source: Viscosity

Wear Resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Durability
label: Verschleißfestigkeit @de
alternative label: Resistance to Wear
alternative label: Widerstand gegen Verschleiß @de
definition: Die Verschleißfestigkeit ist die Fähigkeit eines Materials, mechanischen Aktionen wie Reiben, Kratzen oder Erosion zu widerstehen, die dazu tendieren, Material allmählich von seiner Oberfläche zu entfernen. @de
definition: Wear resistance is the ability of a material to resist mechanical actions such as rubbing, scraping or erosion that tend to progressively remove material from its surface.
natural language definition source: Wear resistance

Weathering Resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Operational Strength
label: Witterungsbeständigkeit @de
alternative label: Weather Resistant
alternative label: Wetterbeständig @de
definition: Die Fähigkeit eines Materials, den Auswirkungen von Witterungseinflüssen wie Wind, Regen und Sonnenlicht standzuhalten. @de
definition: The ability of a material to resist the effects of weathering, such as wind, rain, and sunlight.

Withdrawal Plan
type: Class
subclass of: PlanSpecification
comment: A data set containg the information content of a withdrawal plan (e.g. PDFFile, CADFile...)

Yield Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Plasticity
IAO_0000119: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yield_(engineering)
label: Fließgrenze @de
alternative label: Yield Stress
natural language definition: In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation. The yield strength or yield stress is a material property and is the stress corresponding to the yield point at which the material begins to deform plastically. The yield strength is often used to determine the maximum allowable load in a mechanical component, since it represents the upper limit to forces that can be applied without producing permanent deformation. In some materials, such as aluminium, there is a gradual onset of non-linear behavior, making the precise yield point difficult to determine. In such a case, the offset yield point (or proof stress) is taken as the stress at which 0.2% plastic deformation occurs. Yielding is a gradual failure mode which is normally not catastrophic, unlike ultimate failure.

Standard
type: Class
subclass of: Regulation
alternative label: Norm
natural language definition source: Standard (metrology)