The MatWerk ontology
type: Ontology
Media Type or Extent: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-9804
Media Type or Extent: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9106-8825
Media Type or Extent: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-4728
Media Type or Extent: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-6995
Media Type or Extent: 0000-0002-5149-603X
Media Type or Extent: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-0068
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-7990
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-4530
creator: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5890
description: The MatWerk ontology represents research data and related activities of the MSE community. A first version of the ontology will be simplified, focusing on (i) community structure: researchers, research projects, universities, and institutions; (ii) infrastructure: software, workflows, ontologies, schemas, APIs, instruments, facilities, educational resources; and (iii) data: repositories, databases, scientific publications, published datasets and reference data.
license: unspecified
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
comment: The purpose of the MatWerk Ontology is to represent the scientific and infrastructural status of the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) community. It will be used as a backbone for the MSE Knowledge Graph.

definition
type: AnnotationProperty
IAO_0000111: definition
IAO_0000111: textual definition
IAO_0000114: IAO_0000122
definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
IAO_0000116: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explains the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
IAO_0000117: PERSON:Daniel Schober
IAO_0000119: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: textual definition

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A shortened form of a word or phrase. [Definition Source: NCI]
sub property of: altLabel

acronym
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: The non-unique initials or abbreviated name used for identification. [Definition Source: NCI]
sub property of: altLabel

Media Type or Extent
type: AnnotationProperty
label: UDC
definition: A media type or extent.
definition: The set of conceptual resources specified by the Universal Decimal Classification.

description
type: AnnotationProperty

Format
type: AnnotationProperty
bibliographic citation: [MIME] http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
comment: Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
comment: The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types.
label: has format
definition: The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
sub property of: format
range: Media Type or Extent

Identifier
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: identifier
range: Literal
comment: Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
definition: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

has title
type: AnnotationProperty
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: resource
comment: A name given to a resource. Typically, the title will be the name by which the resource is formally known.

has_broad_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: has_synonym

database_cross_reference
type: AnnotationProperty

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: has_synonym

has_narrow_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: has_synonym

has_related_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
sub property of: has_synonym

has_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Note that this should be a super-property of hasRelatedSynonym, hasExactSynonym etc; however, we cannot state this and remain in OWL-DL

best practice
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: best practice of
domain: resource
range: specification
comment: The property is a relationship between a resource and the best practice.

best practice of
type: ObjectProperty

country
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: country of
domain: Class
  union of: city
  union of: federal state
range: country
comment: The property relates a city or a state to a country where it is located.

country of
type: ObjectProperty

federal state
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: federal state of
domain: city
range: federal state
comment: The property relates a city to a federal state where it is located.

federal state of
type: ObjectProperty

funder
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: funder of
domain: Thing
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: project
comment: The property relates a thing to an organisation or a project that provided funding for it. The sub-properties are used to specify more specific funding relationships.

funder of
type: ObjectProperty

funding organisation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: funder
inverse of: funding organisation of
domain: Class
  union of: project
  union of: resource
range: organization
comment: The property relates a resource or a project to the organisation that provided funding for it.

funding organisation of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: funder of
domain: Class
  union of: project
  union of: resource

funding project
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: funder
inverse of: funding project of
domain: resource
range: project
comment: The property relateds a resource to the project that provided funding for it.

funding project of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: funder of

location
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: location of
domain: Thing
range: place
comment: The property is a relationship between a thing and a place its located at.

location of
type: ObjectProperty

object type
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: object type of
domain: collection
range: object type
comment: The property relates a data collection to the type of object it contains.

object type of
type: ObjectProperty

parent organisation
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: subsidiary organization
domain: organization
range: organization
comment: The property is a parental relationship between organisations.

programming language
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: programming language of
domain: software
range: programming language
comment: The property links software to a programming language it is written in.

programming language of
type: ObjectProperty

publisher
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: publisher of
domain: resource
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
comment: The property is a relationship between a resource and an organisation or a person responsible for publishing it.

publisher of
type: ObjectProperty

related project
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: project
range: project
comment: The property is a relationship between related projects. The property is symmetric.

semantic expressivity
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: semantic expressivity of
domain: semantic resource
range: semantic expressivity
comment: The property relates a resource to its semantic expressivity spectrum.

semantic expressivity of
type: ObjectProperty

standard
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: standard of
domain: resource
range: standard
comment: The property relates a resource to the standard it relies on.

standard of
type: ObjectProperty

subsidiary organization
type: ObjectProperty

about material
type: ObjectProperty
domain: dataset
definition: A relation between a dataset and the material it contains data on.

belongs to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: large-scale facility
  union of: research group
range: organization
definition: A relation between a research group or large-scale facility and the organization it belongs to.

conforms to specification
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: specification
definition: A relation between a resource and the specification it conforms to.

has affiliation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: person
range: organization
definition: a relation between a person and an organization to which the person is affiliated.

has author
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: person
definition: A relation between a resource and a person, who is the author.

has contact point
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing
range: contact point
definition: A relation between a thing and its contact point, which can be a person or website.

has contributor
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is contributor of

has creator
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has author
domain: dataset
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
definition: A relation between a dataset and a person or organization, who has created the data.

has discipline
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: academic discipline
definition: A relation between a resource or large-scale facility and the academic discipline of the produced work.

has documentation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: documentation
definition: A relation between a resource and its documentation.

has expertise in
type: ObjectProperty
domain: person
range: academic discipline
definition: A relation between a person and an academic discipline or research topic, in which this person is an expert.

has format
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: File Format
definition: The file format of the resource

has leader
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is leader of
domain: research group
range: group leader
definition: A relation between a research group and its leader.

has lecturer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: educational event
  union of: educational resource
range: person
definition: A relation between an academic event and a person, who participates in teaching capacity in the event.

has manual
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Instrument
range: documentation
definition: A relation between an instrument and its documentation.

has member
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: member of
domain: project
range: project member
definition: A relation between a research project and its members.

has owner
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Instrument
range: organization
definition: A relation between an instrument and the organization that acts as its owner.

has related resource
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: resource
range: resource
definition: A relation between two different resources, which indicates both are associated.

has repository
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: repository
definition: A relation between a software and the website of the repository where it is stored.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
domain: person
range: role
definition: A relation between a person (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence.

has SPARQL endpoint
type: ObjectProperty
domain: semantic resource
range: SPARQL endpoint
definition: A relation between a semantic resource and its SPARQL Endpoint.

has topic
type: ObjectProperty
domain: project
range: research topic
definition: A relation between a research project and the topic of the research question it investigates.

has website
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing
range: website
definition: a relation between a thing and its website.

is contributor of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
range: resource
definition: A relation between an organization or person and the resource of which it is a contributor.

is leader of
type: ObjectProperty

member of
type: ObjectProperty

required tool
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: educational event
  union of: educational resource
range: software
definition: A relation between an educational resource or academic event and the tools required to participate.

software citation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: citation
domain: resource
range: software
definition: A relation between a work and a cited software.

uses method
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: method
definition: A relation between a resource and method it implements, uses or describes.

uses technology
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Instrument
range: Technology
definition: A relation between an instrument and the technology it implements.

working on topic
type: ObjectProperty
domain: research group
range: research topic
definition: A relation between a research group and the topic in which it conducts research.

uses software
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is software for
domain: software
range: software
IAO_0000112: Cytoscape plugins would be linked to the Cytoscape application via uses software, while Microsoft Excel is linked to Microsoft Office via has_part.
definition: This property allows the linkage of two different pieces of software such that one directly executes or uses the other. The has_part relationship should instead be used to describe related but independent members of a larger software package, and 'uses platform' relationship should be used to describe which operating system(s) a particular piece of software can use.
IAO_0000119: Allyson Lister

is software for
type: ObjectProperty
domain: software
range: software

has interface
type: ObjectProperty
range: software interface
definition: Provides a method of asserting what type of interactions are possible for the class in question. The interface must be from the 'software interface' hierarchy.
IAO_0000119: Allyson Lister
IAO_0000119: Andy Brown
creator: Andy Brown

has license
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is license for
domain: resource
range: software license
definition: The relationship between an entity and the set of legal restrictions, i.e. license, which are applied in using or otherwise interacting with that entity. Eg. relationship between software and a software license.

is license for
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The relationship between an entity and the set of legal restrictions, i.e. license, which are applied in using or otherwise interacting with that entity. Eg. relationship between a software license and the software which implements it.

is compatible license of
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: software license
range: software license
definition: 'is compatible license of' provides a method of marking two software licenses as compatible and without conflicts, e.g. that the Apache License version 2 is compatible with GNU GPL version 3. If two licenses are connected with this property, it means code released under one license can be released with code from the other license in a larger program.
IAO_0000119: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhatDoesCompatMean, accessed 12 June 2013.
creator: Allyson Lister

citation
type: ObjectProperty
domain: resource
range: resource
comment: A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication, web page, scholarly article, etc.

operatingSystem
type: ObjectProperty
domain: software
range: operating system
comment: Operating systems supported (Windows 7, OS X 10.6, Android 1.6).

sponsor
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Organised event
range: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
comment: A person or organization that supports a thing through a pledge, promise, or financial contribution. E.g. a sponsor of a Medical Study or a corporate sponsor of an event.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is part of
domain: Thing
range: Thing
comment: has part

has sub event
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
inverse of: is sub event of
domain: Organised event
range: Organised event
comment: has sub event

is part of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: is part of

is sub event of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is part of
comment: is sub event of

has manufacturer
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is manufacturer of
domain: Scientific Instrument
range: Scientific Instrument Manufacturer
definition: A relation between company that makes goods for sale.

is manufacturer of
type: ObjectProperty

url
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: anyURI
comment: URL of a thing.

description
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: A data property linking an entity to its description.

email address
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person

has acronym
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: A data property indicating the acronym of an entity, often represented as an abbreviation of the initials of the name or title of the entity.

has DOI
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: resource
definition: A data property relating a work to its Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

has endpoint URL
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: url
domain: SPARQL endpoint
range: anyURI
definition: A data property relating a SPARQL EndPoint with its URL.

has ORCID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: person
definition: A data property relating a person to their Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID).

has personal information
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: person
definition: A data property linking a person with information about that person.

has postal address
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
definition: A data property indicating the postal address of an entity.

has postal code
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has postal address
domain: Class
  union of: organization
  union of: person
definition: A data property indicating the postal code of an entity.

has project identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: project
definition: A data property relating a research project with a unique identifier, defined in a given context.

has ROR ID
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: organization
definition: A data property relating an organization to its identifier within the Research Organization Registry (ROR).

has serial number
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: Class
  union of: Product
  union of: Instrument
comment: A data property linking something, for example a piece of equipment, to its serial number.

has version
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: resource
definition: A number or string that identifies different variants or releases of a resource.

instrument model
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Instrument
definition: A data property relating an instrument with the model information.

is online
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: educational resource
  union of: Organised event
range: boolean
definition: A flag to indicate an organized event or educational resource can be accessed online.

keywords
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: A data property used for defining something with keywords.

gender
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has personal information
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: person
comment: The gender of this Agent (typically but not necessarily 'male' or 'female').

title
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has personal information
domain: person
comment: Title (Mr, Mrs, Ms, Dr. etc)

dateCreated
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: resource
comment: The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added to a DataFeed.

datePublished
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: resource
comment: Date of first broadcast/publication.

free
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Class
  union of: resource
  union of: Organised event
comment: A flag to signal that the item, event, or place is accessible for free.

duration
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Organised event
comment: duration

end date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Organised event
comment: end date

start date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Organised event
comment: start date

Material
type: Class
EMMO 967080e5 2f42 4eb2 a3a9 c58143e835f9: A matter individual that stands for a real world object representing an amount of a physical substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases.
comment: An instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found.
comment: Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use.

academic discipline
type: Class
subclass of: Science
example: Q12271
example: Architecture, Art History, Musicology, Media Studies, Performing Arts
comment: An academic discipline, a research field or domain of a resource, e.g. a data portal or a field of study of a person.

city
type: Class
subclass of: place
example: Berlin, Hannover, Kyiv
comment: A city or a town where the thing is located.

collection
type: Class
subclass of: Product
example: RISM catalogue of musical sources
comment: A tangible collection of valuables published or curated by an organisation or a person.

consortium
type: Class
subclass of: organization
example: NFDI4Culture, NFDI-MatWerk, DataPLANT.
comment: NFDI consortia grouped by a discipline based in a science-led process managed by the German Research Foundation (DFG).

country
type: Class
subclass of: place
comment: A country where the thing is located.

data portal
type: Class
subclass of: Service
example: Bach digital, KultSam, MusiXplora
comment: An online platform that provides access to data collections and datasets.

dataset
type: Class
subclass of: CreativeWork
comment: A dataset is associated with a structured information about a resource.

federal state
type: Class
subclass of: place
example: Sachsen, Berlin @de
comment: A federal state where the thing is located.

object type
type: Class
example: book, photograph, music sheet
comment: A resource that identifies the type of object in a data collection.

organization
type: Class
equivalent class: Organization
example: Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Leipzig, S\u00e4chsisches Wirtschaftsarchiv, Museen der Stadt K\u00f6ln
comment: An organisation of some kind, e.g. research organisation or business organisation

person
type: Class
equivalent class: Person
example: Harald Sack, Tabea Tietz, Sasha Bruns, Etienne Posthumus
comment: A resource that represents a single person.

place
type: Class
example: Hessen, Berlin, Schweiz
comment: A spatial region, e.g. country, city or district.

programming language
type: Class
equivalent class: Programming Language
subclass of: technological means
example: Java, Ruby, C++, Perl, PHP
comment: A formal language used for implementing a software.

project
type: Class
equivalent class: Project
example: Freisch\u00fctz digital, Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi
comment: A scientific or business endeavour that aims to conclude an investigation or to answer a research question.

provided resource
type: Class
subclass of: resource
comment: A ressource that identifies a resource provided to the nfdi.

publication
type: Class
subclass of: CreativeWork
example: MusiXplora: Visual analysis of a musicological encyclopedia, Textkategorien in kompositorischen Werkstattdokumenten
comment: A published scholarly work that reports on ongoing activity about or within a resource, e.g. a dataset.

resource
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  union of: CreativeWork
  union of: Intangible
  union of: Product
comment: The most generic kind of a resource and may be associated with any kind of creative work, e.g. datasets, books, movies, photographs; offered products and services, e.g. data portals, data curation, data digitization; and intangible things, e.g. subjects of creative works, topics of events, offers, a list of enumerations.

semantic expressivity
type: Class
example: controlled vocabulary, ontology, taxonomy
comment: An entity that identifies the level of the semantic expressivity of a resource. Five instances are now included in nfdicore.

service type
type: Class
example: Expertise, advertisement, curation
comment: A resource that identifies the type of a service.

software
type: Class
equivalent class: software
subclass of: Product
example: Edirom, Muscat
comment: A computer software provided by an organisation or a person.

specification
type: Class
subclass of: Product
example: RDF, SPARQL, Federation
comment: A set of requirements, guidelines, standards contributed by an organisation or a person.

standard
type: Class
subclass of: specification
example: ISO 15511, DINI-Zertifikat
comment: An international standard and norm that can be used to evaluate or create services.

technological means
type: Class
example: Groovy on Grails, Angular
comment: A technology, e.g. a web application or a programming framework used in a resource.

website
type: Class
subclass of: Product
example: https:\/\/opac.rism.info
comment: A collection of webpages contributed by an organisation or a person.

role
type: Class
BFO_0000179: role
BFO_0000180: Role
IAO_0000112: John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
IAO_0000112: the priest role
IAO_0000112: the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
IAO_0000112: the role of a building in serving as a military target
IAO_0000112: the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
IAO_0000112: the role of subject in a clinical trial
IAO_0000112: the student role
IAO_0000116: BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length). If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
IAO_0000600: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0000602: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000600
annotated target: b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

Axiom
annotated source: role
annotated property: IAO_0000602
annotated target: (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
IAO_0010000: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo/axiom/061-001

File Format
type: Class
subclass of: Media Type
comment: Examples include the formats defined by the list of Internet Media Types.
definition: A digital resource format.

Media Type
type: Class
definition: A file format or physical medium.

chemistry database
type: Class
subclass of: database
definition: A database containing chemistry data.

computational workflow
type: Class
subclass of: workflow
subclass of: software
definition: A computational workflow is a workflow which describes the complex multi-step methods that are used for data collection, data preparation, analytics, predictive modelling, and simulation that lead to new data products.
database_cross_reference: dint a 00033

contact person
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: contact point
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realised when this person acts as the contact point regarding a contribution.

contact point
type: Class
definition: A contact point is a person, website or e-mail which provides information concerning a resource.
has_exact_synonym: Point of contact

crystallography database
type: Class
subclass of: database
definition: A database containing crystal structures and data on structural and mathematical crystallography, solid state physics and structural chemistry.

data collector
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realised when this bearer has participated in the gathering of data.
comment: The bearer in this definition might be a person or a software agent. Data may consist of subject data, object data or both.

database
type: Class
subclass of: Product
comment: A structured collection of logically related data usually stored and retrieved using computer-based means.

documentation
type: Class
subclass of: Product
definition: Documentation is any communicable material that is used to describe, explain or instruct regarding some attributes of an object, system or procedure, such as its parts, assembly, installation, maintenance and use

educational event
type: Class
subclass of: Organised event
definition: An organized event with the purpose of teaching knowledge to others by displaying educational materials.

educational resource
type: Class
subclass of: resource
definition: A resource or material that can be used for teaching and learning puposes.

electronic lab notebook
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: An Electronic Lab Notebook is a software tool that digitally replicates paper lab notebooks traditionally used in the sciences to record experimental results. It allows scientists to access, search, and share results from an experiment.
has_exact_synonym: Electronic Laboratory Notebook

experimental workflow
type: Class
subclass of: workflow
definition: Experimental workflow is a workflow that describes an experimental process, including the design, preparation, measurement, and analysis of the data.

git repository
type: Class
subclass of: repository
definition: A repository that is created and managed using a Git version control system.

group leader
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realized when this person holds the responsibility for the operations of a group of agents.
has_related_synonym: supervisor
comment: The responsibilities of a group leader might include, among others, guiding, motivating, supporting and coordinating the group in different scopes (i.e. scientific, administrative, financial). In scientific projects (i.e. within the NFDI context) the group in this definition will be a research group, institute or department. In most cases the group leader is also the supervisor to the group

large-scale facility
type: Class
definition: A facility that provides access to large-scale scientific equipment and allows scientists to carry out state-of-the-art research.

lecture
type: Class
subclass of: educational event
definition: An academic event which is intented to deliver instruction on a specific topic, most commonly to an audience of university students.

materials database
type: Class
subclass of: database
definition: A database containing data of experimental and computational properties of materials

metadata schema
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A metadata schema is a specification which establishes the elements needed to describe a data resource in a formalized and concise manner.

method
type: Class
definition: A method is a systematic procedure, technique, or mode of inquiry employed by or proper to a particular discipline or art.
database_cross_reference: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/method
has_exact_synonym: Approach
has_exact_synonym: Procedure
has_exact_synonym: Technique

ontology repository
type: Class
subclass of: repository
definition: A repository which contains ontologies.

patent
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.
database_cross_reference: en

potentials repository
type: Class
subclass of: repository
definition: A data repository which contains interatomic potentials or pseudopotentials for atomistic models.

processing software
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: Software which carries out a (planned) process on digital data,
comment: Depending on the temporal relation of the carried out process to an analysis process, the process might either be termed "pre-processing" (e.g. converting file formats) or "post-processing" (e.g. spatial filtering of images).

project leader
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realized when a person is responsible for 1) the coordination of project resources and 2) the operations carried out within it.
database_cross_reference: project-leader-vs-project-manager
has_related_synonym: project manager
comment: In a project, a project leader might engage, motivate and support the team by establishing and maintaining productive operations

project manager
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realized when that person is responsible for 1) helping to define the project scope, goals and deliverables, 2) taking care of the budget, documentation and staffing, 3) reporting and documenting the progress, and 4) managing a project and meeting deadlines.
database_cross_reference: project-leader-vs-project-manager

project member
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realized when this bearer participates in the planning, operation or dissemination of a project.

repository
type: Class
subclass of: Product
comment: A central location in which data is stored and managed.

research group
type: Class
definition: A group of people who work in a university or research institute and carry research on one or more topics.

research software
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: Software which was created for a research purpose.
database_cross_reference: zenodo.5504016
has_exact_synonym: Scientific software
comment: Software components (e.g., operating systems, libraries, dependencies, packages, scripts, etc.) that are used for research but were not created during or with a clear research intent should be considered software in research and not Research Software. This differentiation may vary between disciplines. Research software might be source code files, algorithms, scripts, computational workflows and executables

research topic
type: Class
subclass of: academic discipline
definition: A research topic is a specific field of study within a broader academic discipline.
has_broad_synonym: Research area
has_exact_synonym: Research field
has_exact_synonym: Research subject

semantic resource
type: Class
subclass of: resource
definition: A machine-actionable controlled vocabularies to describe the meaning of the content and express relations among them.

Seminar
type: Class
subclass of: Academic event
definition: An academic event where recuring meetings are held on a particular research topic, usually attended by academic and research staff.

software repository
type: Class
subclass of: repository
definition: A repository which contains software and its components, including libraries, scripts, etc.

SPARQL endpoint
type: Class
subclass of: web service
definition: A SPARQL endpoint is a web service that provides an access point for receiving and processing SPARQL protocol requests

Summer School
type: Class
subclass of: educational event
definition: An academic event where a school session is conducted in summer enabling students to accelerate progress toward a diploma or degree, to make up credits lost through absence or failure, or to round out professional education.
database_cross_reference: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/summer%20school

supervisor
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role which inheres in a bearer and is realized when a person is responsible for 1) the coordination and 2) the operations of another person, group or department.
comment: In a project with more than one member, the project leader might engage, motivate and support the team by establishing and maintaining productive operations. Note that a project leader is not necessarily the group leader.

Training Course
type: Class
subclass of: educational event
definition: An academic event where the objective is to teach skills needed for a particular task or job.

visualization software
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: Software which creates graphical representations of data, features of data or data sets.
has_broad_synonym: Graphics software

web service
type: Class
equivalent class: web service
subclass of: Service
definition: A service that supports interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.

workflow
type: Class
subclass of: specification
definition: A workflow is a specification which describes a repeatable sequence of steps needed to create or produce a work.

workflow environment
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: A workflow environment is a software that manages and allows the user to create and interact with computational workflows.

ComputerLanguage
type: Class
subclass of: Intangible
comment: This type covers computer programming languages such as Scheme and Lisp, as well as other language-like computer representations. Natural languages are best represented with the Language type.

Organization
type: Class
comment: An organization such as a school, NGO, corporation, club, etc.

Project
type: Class
comment: An enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative), planned to achieve a particular aim. Use properties from Organization, subOrganization/parentOrganization to indicate project sub-structures.

Service
type: Class
subclass of: Intangible
comment: A service provided by an organization, e.g. delivery service, print services, etc.

software
type: Class
definition: Computer software, or generally just software, is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that conform to a given syntax (sometimes referred to as a language) that is interpretable by a given processor and that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.
IAO_0000119: James Malone
IAO_0000119: Modified in parts from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software
IAO_0000119: Robert Stevens
comment: AL 7.9.22: There are some reasoning oddities associated with marking IAO and SWO software as equivalent; once these are sorted out, the equivalence statement will take the place of this current parent-child relationship.

software license
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: has license
  some values from: software
definition: A licence is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of the resource containing the licence.
IAO_0000119: Modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license
creator: James Malone
label: licence

Unix
type: Class
subclass of: operating system

operating system
type: Class
subclass of: software
definition: An operating system is a piece of software which is responsible for managing software that runs on a computer and the interactions of that software with the hardware and system resources.

Linux
type: Class
subclass of: operating system

Mac OS
type: Class
subclass of: operating system
definition: Mac OS is software which is used as the operating system for the Macintosh personal computer created by Apple Inc.
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mac_OS, accessed 25 March 2015.
creator: Allyson Lister

software interface
type: Class
definition: The mode of interaction with a piece of software.

Microsoft Windows
type: Class
subclass of: operating system
comment: The Windows Operating System

web service
type: Class
subclass of: software interface
definition: A web service is a software interface which works as a method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web and which is provided at a particular network address. There are two major classes of Web services: REST-compliant Web services, and arbitrary (or application-specific) Web services.
IAO_0000118: Web Service
IAO_0000119: Modified from http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/, accessed 6 June 2013; Modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service, accessed 6 June 2013.
creator: Allyson Lister

application programming interface
type: Class
subclass of: software interface
definition: An application programming interface is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. An API expresses a software component in terms of its operations, inputs, outputs, and underlying types. An API defines functionalities that are independent of their respective implementations, which allows definitions and implementations to vary without compromising each other. The API specifies how software components should interact.
IAO_0000118: API
IAO_0000119: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface, accessed 25 November 2014.

Creative Commons
type: Class
subclass of: software license
IAO_0000118: CC

Proprietary commercial software license
type: Class
subclass of: software license

Open source software license
type: Class
subclass of: software license

License without restrictions on derivatives
type: Class
subclass of: software license

GNU Project Free License Type
type: Class
subclass of: Open source software license
definition: A licensed is a free license according to GNU if the users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so. “Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to sell copies.
IAO_0000119: http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html, accessed 12 June 2013.
creator: Allyson Lister
comment: Allyson Lister: This class defines those licenses which are free licenses, but which may or may not be compatible with any version of the GNU GPL.

Artistic License
type: Class
subclass of: software license
creator: Allyson Lister

free to use license
type: Class
subclass of: software license
definition: A license which allows any form of usage of the artifact.

GNU AGPL
type: Class
subclass of: software license

Open Data Commons
type: Class
subclass of: software license

Vendor-specific License
type: Class
subclass of: software license
definition: A vendor-specific license is a license which was, at least originally, created by a specific organization to be used just on the resources created within that organization. This is a hierarchy of convenience rather than of shared philosophy. Many of the licenses have since been taken up by other groups whose licensing requirements matched those of the originating organization.
IAO_0000119: Allyson Lister
creator: Allyson Lister

Fee-Based Commercial License
type: Class
subclass of: software license
definition: Fee-Based Commercial License is a license which, among its license clauses, states that commercial entities may use the resource for a fee.
IAO_0000119: Allyson Lister
creator: Allyson Lister
comment: Allyson Lister: This is a convenience class which combines multiple license clauses to create a defined class, such that any license type which meets the requirements will be inferred to fall into this category.

Non-Commercial No-Fee License
type: Class
subclass of: software license
definition: Non-Commercial No-Fee License is a license which, among its license clauses, states that non-commercial entities may use the resource without a purchase or usage cost.
IAO_0000119: Allyson Lister
creator: Allyson Lister
comment: Allyson Lister: This is a convenience class which combines multiple license clauses to create a defined class, such that any license type which meets the requirements will be inferred to fall into this category.

Academic event
type: Class
subclass of: Organised event
comment: Academic events are e.g. conferences and conference-like events, and all the sub-events of those which are about the topic or theme of the conference, such as talks or panels.

Conference
type: Class
subclass of: Academic event
comment: A conference event.

Organised event
type: Class
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has sub event
  all values from: Organised event
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: end date
  some values from: dateTime
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: start date
  some values from: dateTime
comment: Any kind of organised event having a start and an end date.

Talk
type: Class
subclass of: Academic event
comment: A talk event.

Tutorial
type: Class
subclass of: educational event
comment: An event which a teaching session is given to to an individual or very small group.

Workshop
type: Class
subclass of: Academic event
comment: An event which is a long interactive meeting or educational session designed to create a specialized result. Workshops are smaller than conferences, and are usually only a day or two long and are dedicated to discussing a specific topic.

Invited speakers
type: Class
subclass of: person
comment: Invited person to give a speech in an event.

Keynote speaker
type: Class
subclass of: Invited speakers
comment: Someone who gives the main address at a formal gathering such as a conference .

Instrument
type: Class
subclass of: Product
comment: A tool or implement, especially one for precision work.

Laboratory Instrument
type: Class
equivalent class: Scientific Instrument
subclass of: Instrument
comment: An instrument needed for operations in various laboratories, synthesis and analysis.

Science
type: Class
comment: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

Programming Language
type: Class
subclass of: ComputerLanguage
comment: A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms.

Scientific Instrument
type: Class
subclass of: Instrument
comment: A scientific instrument is, broadly speaking, a device or tool used for scientific purposes, including the study of both natural phenomena and theoretical research.
preferred label: Instrument

Scientific Instrument Manufacturer
type: Class
comment: Companies manufacturing equipment for scientific sstudies.

Technology
type: Class
comment: Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation.

controlled vocabulary
type: NamedIndividual
type: semantic expressivity
comment: A list of terms, natural language definitions and naming conventions. In comparisson to a glossary, there is a dedicated curation mechanism for new terms in a controlled vocabulary.

glossary
type: NamedIndividual
type: semantic expressivity
comment: A list of terms and their with natural language definitions.

taxonomy
type: NamedIndividual
type: semantic expressivity
comment: A data model in a class hierarchy, where all concepts inherit their behaviour from the super-class concept. Taxonomies can be strict or non strict and can contain instances.

thesaurus
type: NamedIndividual
type: semantic expressivity
comment: A structured list of terms and relations between the terms, as e.g. broader/narrower.

ontology
type: NamedIndividual
comment: A set of concepts belong to a specific domain and their properties and the relations between them.