PRIMA Ontology - Core Module
type: Ontology
contributor: Elda Osmenaj
contributor: Mirco Panighel
created: 2024-01-26
creator: Ahmad Zainul Ihsan
creator: Mehrdad Jalali
creator: Rossella Aversa
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
preferred namespace prefix: PRIMA
comment: This is the core module of the Provenance Information for Materials Science (PRIMA) Ontology
version info: 2.0

Instrument
type: Class
comment: Physical or virtual identifiable piece of Equipment used to perform a Data Acquisition and to generate Raw Data.
subclass of: Equipment
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Physical or virtual identifiable piece of Equipment used to perform a Data Acquisition and to generate Raw Data. The Instrument is located in a Laboratory hosted by an Institution and/or can be virtually or remotely accessed. A virtual Instrument may be any computational resource or HPC infrastructure (cloud infrastructure or supercomputer) needed to perform Calculations or Simulations.

ProjectMemberRole
type: Class
comment: Project member role is an agent role that has role of project member
subclass of: AgentRole

Project
type: Class
comment: Project is an enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative) of one or more research users, planned to perform one or more studies.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has study
  some values from: Study
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Entity
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Project is an enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative) of one or more research users, planned to perform one or more studies.

System
type: Class
comment: Physical or digital entity or set of entities with distinctive properties (structural, chemical, dimensional, functional or others) which is the subject of one or more actions or investigations.
subclass of: Entity
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Physical or digital entity or set of entities with distinctive properties (structural, chemical, dimensional, functional or others) which is the subject of one or more actions or investigations. According to this definition, Input, Precursor, Sample, Sample Component, and Model are particular types of System.

has data acquisition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasDataAcquisition represents the relationship between study to data acquisition
range: DataAcquisition

has data analysis life cycle
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasDataAnalysisLifecycle represents the relationship between study to data analysis life cycle
range: DataAnalysisLifecycle

has study
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasStudy represents the relationship between project to study.
domain: Project
range: Study

operates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: operates represents the relationship between equipment to research user
domain: ResearchUser
range: Equipment

uses equipment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: usesEquipment represents the relationship between data acquisition to equipment
range: Equipment

uses research software
type: ObjectProperty
comment: usesResearchSoftware represents the relationship between data analysis lifecycle to research software
domain: DataAnalysisLifecycle
range: ResearchSoftware

Study
type: Class
comment: Study is a set of one or more experiments and corresponding data analysis lifecycle performed by one or more research users who are part of the same project.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has data analysis life cycle
  some values from: DataAnalysisLifecycle
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has data acquisition
  some values from: DataAcquisition
subclass of: Entity
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Set of all the processes and activities performed by one or more research users, who are part of the same project, with the purpose of verifying, falsifying or establishing the validity of a hypothesis and supporting the answer to some scientific research question (i.e., Conclusions). The output of a study is usually reported in one or more scientific publications and may be supplemented by publication data.

has setting
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasSetting represents the relationship between equipment or research software to setting
domain: Class
  union of: Equipment
  union of: ResearchSoftware
range: Setting

has technique
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasTechnique represents the relationship between data acquisition or data analysis lifecycle to technique
domain: Class
  union of: DataAcquisition
  union of: DataAnalysisLifecycle
range: Technique

performs agent role
type: ObjectProperty
comment: performsAgentRole relates prov:Agent with AgentRole
domain: Agent
range: AgentRole

DataAcquisition
type: Class
comment: Set of actions carried out by one or more research users, performed on a system or a set of them to generate a single self-consistent unit of raw data using a technique, an instrument and other equipment under constant or varying controlled conditions described by setting(s), depending on the particular research context.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has technique
  some values from: Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses equipment
  some values from: Equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Process
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Set of actions carried out by one or more Research Users, performed on a System or a set of them to generate a single self-consistent unit of Raw Data using a Technique, an Instrument and other Equipment under constant or varying controlled conditions described by Settings, depending on the particular research context. Data Acquisition may be an experimental (Measurement) or a computational (Calculation, Simulation) process. Data Acquisition is specific to Technique: an investigation on the same System conducted using a different Technique implies a different Data Acquisition. The output of Data Acquisition is Raw Data.

ResearchSoftware
type: Class
comment: Research software is software used to generate, process, analyse or access research data during any of the processes included in the data analysis lifecycle (possibly including data rendering, visualization, plotting).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has setting
  some values from: Setting
subclass of: SoftwareAgent
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Any software used to process, analyze or visualize Research Data (including data rendering and/or plotting). Depending on the research context, Research Software can be used during Model Preparation, Data Processing, Data Analysis or Data Interpretation. Any software used during Fabrication, Sample Preparation or Data Acquisition is considered part of the Instrument and should be described as such.

Setting
type: Class
comment: Set of configuration parameters which may be involved, for example, in a data acquisition (e.g., settings of the instrument), in any of the processes included in the data analysis lifecycle (e.g., settings of the research software), or to describe a model (e.g., by specifying the type of solver used).
subclass of: Specification
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Set of configuration parameters which may be involved, for example, in a Data Acquisition (e.g., Settings of the Instrument), in any of the processes included in the Data Analysis Lifecycle (e.g., Settings of the Research Software), or to describe a Model (e.g., by specifying the type of solver used).

Technique
type: Class
comment: Any experimental, theoretical or computational method used during data acquisition or during any of the processes included in the data analysis lifecycle to acquire, process or analyze research data about a system or a set of them with an instrument.
subclass of: Specification
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Any experimental, theoretical or computational method used during Data Acquisition or during any of the processes included in the Data Analysis Lifecycle to acquire, process or analyze Research Data about a System or a set of them with an Instrument.

DataAnalysisLifecycle
type: Class
comment: Set of processes carried out by one or more research users, performed on research data using one or more techniques and/or research software in order to produce synthesized knowledge (e.g., to detect patterns, determine relationships, develop explanations, test hypotheses and/or prove theories) and to eventually suggest the conclusions of a study.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses research software
  some values from: ResearchSoftware
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has technique
  some values from: Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Process
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Set of processes carried out by one or more Research Users, performed on Research Data using one or more Techniques and/or Research Software in order to produce synthesized knowledge (e.g., to detect patterns, determine relationships, develop explanations, test hypotheses and/or prove theories) and to eventually suggest the Conclusions of a Study. Data Analysis Lifecycle includes (but is not limited to): Data Processing, Data Analysis and Data Interpretation. These processes may be iterative and may be combined in chains or workflows.

ResearchData
type: Class
comment: Data collected, created or examined by one or more research users to be analyzed or considered as a basis for reasoning, discussion or calculation in a research context, with the purpose of generating, verifying and validating original scientific claims that support the answer to some specific research question (i.e., conclusions).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: DigitalEntity
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Data collected, created or examined by one or more Research Users to be analyzed or considered as a basis for reasoning, discussion or calculation in a research context, with the purpose of generating, verifying and validating original scientific claims that support the answer to some specific research question (i.e., Conclusions). Examples of Research Data include files containing the Settings of a Model, as well as any digital resource input or output of Data Acquisition, Data Processing or Data Analysis. According to this definition, Raw Data, Processed Data, Analyzed Data and Reference Data are particular types of Research Data. Research Data is typically in the form of a data file, but it may potentially be a data stream or any other form of data which is relevant in a particular data management context. Research Data may be described by Metadata and may be stored in a Data Collaboration Platform and/or in a Data Repository. Research Data may be part of a Dataset.

Equipment
type: Class
comment: Any kind of physical or virtual item, device, machine or other tools used to perform one or more Fabrication(s), Sample Preparation(s), Model Preparation(s), Data Acquisition(s) and/or any of the processes included in the Data Analysis Lifecycle.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has setting
  some values from: Setting
subclass of: Agent
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Any kind of physical or virtual item, device, machine or other tools used to perform one or more Fabrication(s), Sample Preparation(s), Model Preparation(s), Data Acquisition(s) and/or any of the processes included in the Data Analysis Lifecycle. Usually, the Equipment is located in a Laboratory hosted by an Institution and/or can be virtually or remotely accessed. Equipment is usually an investment. According to this definition, an Instrument is a particular type of Equipment.

ResearchUser
type: Class
comment: Research user is an agent or person, usually member of a project, who conducts any part of the experiment(s), or performs any of the steps of the data analysis lifecycle during the course of one or more studies.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs agent role
  some values from: AgentRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates
  some values from: Equipment
subclass of: Agent
MDMCNEP glossary definition: Person, usually member of a project, who conducts any part of the experiment(s), or performs any of the steps of the data analysis lifecycle during the course of one or more studies, in order to collect and/or analyse research data, or is interested in reusing research data collected by a third party (e.g., reference data) with the final aim to extract insights that support the answer to some specific research question (i.e., conclusions). Research users may be assigned with a role (e.g., principal investigator, Instrument scientist, project member).