{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d69298e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# `stat_summary_bin()`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "53ff73b0",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:43.679909Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:43.679909Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.718209Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.717206Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "\n",
    "from lets_plot import *"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "49b0e7d0",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.718209Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.718209Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.733351Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.733351Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "            <div id=\"d7euhm\"></div>\n",
       "            <script type=\"text/javascript\" data-lets-plot-script=\"library\">\n",
       "                if(!window.letsPlotCallQueue) {\n",
       "                    window.letsPlotCallQueue = [];\n",
       "                }; \n",
       "                window.letsPlotCall = function(f) {\n",
       "                    window.letsPlotCallQueue.push(f);\n",
       "                };\n",
       "                (function() {\n",
       "                    var script = document.createElement(\"script\");\n",
       "                    script.type = \"text/javascript\";\n",
       "                    script.src = \"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/JetBrains/lets-plot@v4.3.2/js-package/distr/lets-plot.min.js\";\n",
       "                    script.onload = function() {\n",
       "                        window.letsPlotCall = function(f) {f();};\n",
       "                        window.letsPlotCallQueue.forEach(function(f) {f();});\n",
       "                        window.letsPlotCallQueue = [];\n",
       "                        \n",
       "                    };\n",
       "                    script.onerror = function(event) {\n",
       "                        window.letsPlotCall = function(f) {};    // noop\n",
       "                        window.letsPlotCallQueue = [];\n",
       "                        var div = document.createElement(\"div\");\n",
       "                        div.style.color = 'darkred';\n",
       "                        div.textContent = 'Error loading Lets-Plot JS';\n",
       "                        document.getElementById(\"d7euhm\").appendChild(div);\n",
       "                    };\n",
       "                    var e = document.getElementById(\"d7euhm\");\n",
       "                    e.appendChild(script);\n",
       "                })()\n",
       "            </script>\n",
       "            "
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "LetsPlot.setup_html()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "5cac34da",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.733351Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.733351Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.859757Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.858935Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "(150, 5)\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal_length</th>\n",
       "      <th>sepal_width</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal_length</th>\n",
       "      <th>petal_width</th>\n",
       "      <th>species</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>setosa</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>setosa</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>setosa</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>setosa</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>setosa</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   sepal_length  sepal_width  petal_length  petal_width species\n",
       "0           5.1          3.5           1.4          0.2  setosa\n",
       "1           4.9          3.0           1.4          0.2  setosa\n",
       "2           4.7          3.2           1.3          0.2  setosa\n",
       "3           4.6          3.1           1.5          0.2  setosa\n",
       "4           5.0          3.6           1.4          0.2  setosa"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JetBrains/lets-plot-docs/master/data/iris.csv\")\n",
    "print(df.shape)\n",
    "df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "33fc0877",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 1. The `geom` Parameter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "170b6df8",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.859757Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.859757Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.969559Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.968463Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "   <div id=\"Hk0n2C\"></div>\n",
       "   <script type=\"text/javascript\" data-lets-plot-script=\"plot\">\n",
       "       (function() {\n",
       "           var plotSpec={\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "\"sepal_length\":[5.1,4.9,4.7,4.6,5.0,5.4,4.6,5.0,4.4,4.9,5.4,4.8,4.8,4.3,5.8,5.7,5.4,5.1,5.7,5.1,5.4,5.1,4.6,5.1,4.8,5.0,5.0,5.2,5.2,4.7,4.8,5.4,5.2,5.5,4.9,5.0,5.5,4.9,4.4,5.1,5.0,4.5,4.4,5.0,5.1,4.8,5.1,4.6,5.3,5.0,7.0,6.4,6.9,5.5,6.5,5.7,6.3,4.9,6.6,5.2,5.0,5.9,6.0,6.1,5.6,6.7,5.6,5.8,6.2,5.6,5.9,6.1,6.3,6.1,6.4,6.6,6.8,6.7,6.0,5.7,5.5,5.5,5.8,6.0,5.4,6.0,6.7,6.3,5.6,5.5,5.5,6.1,5.8,5.0,5.6,5.7,5.7,6.2,5.1,5.7,6.3,5.8,7.1,6.3,6.5,7.6,4.9,7.3,6.7,7.2,6.5,6.4,6.8,5.7,5.8,6.4,6.5,7.7,7.7,6.0,6.9,5.6,7.7,6.3,6.7,7.2,6.2,6.1,6.4,7.2,7.4,7.9,6.4,6.3,6.1,7.7,6.3,6.4,6.0,6.9,6.7,6.9,5.8,6.8,6.7,6.7,6.3,6.5,6.2,5.9],\n",
       "\"petal_length\":[1.4,1.4,1.3,1.5,1.4,1.7,1.4,1.5,1.4,1.5,1.5,1.6,1.4,1.1,1.2,1.5,1.3,1.4,1.7,1.5,1.7,1.5,1.0,1.7,1.9,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.4,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.5,1.2,1.3,1.5,1.3,1.5,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.6,1.9,1.4,1.6,1.4,1.5,1.4,4.7,4.5,4.9,4.0,4.6,4.5,4.7,3.3,4.6,3.9,3.5,4.2,4.0,4.7,3.6,4.4,4.5,4.1,4.5,3.9,4.8,4.0,4.9,4.7,4.3,4.4,4.8,5.0,4.5,3.5,3.8,3.7,3.9,5.1,4.5,4.5,4.7,4.4,4.1,4.0,4.4,4.6,4.0,3.3,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.3,3.0,4.1,6.0,5.1,5.9,5.6,5.8,6.6,4.5,6.3,5.8,6.1,5.1,5.3,5.5,5.0,5.1,5.3,5.5,6.7,6.9,5.0,5.7,4.9,6.7,4.9,5.7,6.0,4.8,4.9,5.6,5.8,6.1,6.4,5.6,5.1,5.6,6.1,5.6,5.5,4.8,5.4,5.6,5.1,5.1,5.9,5.7,5.2,5.0,5.2,5.4,5.1]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "\"x\":\"petal_length\",\n",
       "\"y\":\"sepal_length\"\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"kind\":\"plot\",\n",
       "\"scales\":[],\n",
       "\"layers\":[{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"crossbar\",\n",
       "\"stat\":\"summarybin\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"binwidth\":0.5,\n",
       "\"width\":1.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "\"..ymin..\":[4.3,4.4,4.8,NaN,5.1,4.9,5.2,4.9,5.6,6.1,6.3,7.3,7.7,NaN],\n",
       "\"..ymax..\":[4.6,5.8,5.7,NaN,5.1,5.7,6.1,6.7,7.0,6.9,7.7,7.9,7.7,NaN],\n",
       "\"petal_length\":[0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,3.9,4.4,4.9,5.4,5.9,6.4,6.9,7.4],\n",
       "\"sepal_length\":[4.449999999999999,4.997619047619047,5.249999999999999,NaN,5.1,5.24,5.661538461538461,6.000000000000001,6.230769230769231,6.466666666666668,6.953846153846154,7.599999999999999,7.7,NaN]\n",
       "}\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"point\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"shape\":21.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "}\n",
       "}],\n",
       "\"metainfo_list\":[]\n",
       "};\n",
       "           var plotContainer = document.getElementById(\"Hk0n2C\");\n",
       "           window.letsPlotCall(function() {{\n",
       "               LetsPlot.buildPlotFromProcessedSpecs(plotSpec, -1, -1, plotContainer);\n",
       "           }});\n",
       "       })();\n",
       "   </script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<lets_plot.plot.core.PlotSpec at 0x21ca537f1c0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ggplot(df, aes(\"petal_length\", \"sepal_length\")) + \\\n",
    "    stat_summary_bin(geom='crossbar', width=1, binwidth=.5) + \\\n",
    "    geom_point(shape=21)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f390af39",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 2. `fun`, `fun_min`, `fun_max` Parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "5afddb4c",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.969559Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.969559Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.985702Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.984676Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "   <div id=\"pKOYlo\"></div>\n",
       "   <script type=\"text/javascript\" data-lets-plot-script=\"plot\">\n",
       "       (function() {\n",
       "           var plotSpec={\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "\"sepal_length\":[5.1,4.9,4.7,4.6,5.0,5.4,4.6,5.0,4.4,4.9,5.4,4.8,4.8,4.3,5.8,5.7,5.4,5.1,5.7,5.1,5.4,5.1,4.6,5.1,4.8,5.0,5.0,5.2,5.2,4.7,4.8,5.4,5.2,5.5,4.9,5.0,5.5,4.9,4.4,5.1,5.0,4.5,4.4,5.0,5.1,4.8,5.1,4.6,5.3,5.0,7.0,6.4,6.9,5.5,6.5,5.7,6.3,4.9,6.6,5.2,5.0,5.9,6.0,6.1,5.6,6.7,5.6,5.8,6.2,5.6,5.9,6.1,6.3,6.1,6.4,6.6,6.8,6.7,6.0,5.7,5.5,5.5,5.8,6.0,5.4,6.0,6.7,6.3,5.6,5.5,5.5,6.1,5.8,5.0,5.6,5.7,5.7,6.2,5.1,5.7,6.3,5.8,7.1,6.3,6.5,7.6,4.9,7.3,6.7,7.2,6.5,6.4,6.8,5.7,5.8,6.4,6.5,7.7,7.7,6.0,6.9,5.6,7.7,6.3,6.7,7.2,6.2,6.1,6.4,7.2,7.4,7.9,6.4,6.3,6.1,7.7,6.3,6.4,6.0,6.9,6.7,6.9,5.8,6.8,6.7,6.7,6.3,6.5,6.2,5.9],\n",
       "\"petal_length\":[1.4,1.4,1.3,1.5,1.4,1.7,1.4,1.5,1.4,1.5,1.5,1.6,1.4,1.1,1.2,1.5,1.3,1.4,1.7,1.5,1.7,1.5,1.0,1.7,1.9,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.4,1.6,1.6,1.5,1.5,1.4,1.5,1.2,1.3,1.5,1.3,1.5,1.3,1.3,1.3,1.6,1.9,1.4,1.6,1.4,1.5,1.4,4.7,4.5,4.9,4.0,4.6,4.5,4.7,3.3,4.6,3.9,3.5,4.2,4.0,4.7,3.6,4.4,4.5,4.1,4.5,3.9,4.8,4.0,4.9,4.7,4.3,4.4,4.8,5.0,4.5,3.5,3.8,3.7,3.9,5.1,4.5,4.5,4.7,4.4,4.1,4.0,4.4,4.6,4.0,3.3,4.2,4.2,4.2,4.3,3.0,4.1,6.0,5.1,5.9,5.6,5.8,6.6,4.5,6.3,5.8,6.1,5.1,5.3,5.5,5.0,5.1,5.3,5.5,6.7,6.9,5.0,5.7,4.9,6.7,4.9,5.7,6.0,4.8,4.9,5.6,5.8,6.1,6.4,5.6,5.1,5.6,6.1,5.6,5.5,4.8,5.4,5.6,5.1,5.1,5.9,5.7,5.2,5.0,5.2,5.4,5.1]\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "\"x\":\"petal_length\",\n",
       "\"y\":\"sepal_length\"\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"kind\":\"plot\",\n",
       "\"scales\":[],\n",
       "\"layers\":[{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"crossbar\",\n",
       "\"stat\":\"summarybin\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"fun\":\"mq\",\n",
       "\"fun_min\":\"lq\",\n",
       "\"fun_max\":\"uq\",\n",
       "\"binwidth\":0.5,\n",
       "\"width\":1.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "\"..ymin..\":[4.449999999999999,4.8,5.1,NaN,5.1,5.0,5.5,5.7,5.95,6.35,6.7,7.449999999999999,7.7,NaN],\n",
       "\"..ymax..\":[4.449999999999999,5.15,5.4,NaN,5.1,5.6,5.8,6.4,6.4,6.6,7.2,7.75,7.7,NaN],\n",
       "\"petal_length\":[0.9,1.4,1.9,2.4,2.9,3.4,3.9,4.4,4.9,5.4,5.9,6.4,6.9,7.4],\n",
       "\"sepal_length\":[4.449999999999999,5.0,5.25,NaN,5.1,5.0,5.6,6.0,6.15,6.4,6.9,7.6,7.7,NaN]\n",
       "}\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"point\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"shape\":21.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "}\n",
       "}],\n",
       "\"metainfo_list\":[]\n",
       "};\n",
       "           var plotContainer = document.getElementById(\"pKOYlo\");\n",
       "           window.letsPlotCall(function() {{\n",
       "               LetsPlot.buildPlotFromProcessedSpecs(plotSpec, -1, -1, plotContainer);\n",
       "           }});\n",
       "       })();\n",
       "   </script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<lets_plot.plot.core.PlotSpec at 0x21ca53c1de0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ggplot(df, aes(\"petal_length\", \"sepal_length\")) + \\\n",
    "    stat_summary_bin(geom='crossbar', width=1, binwidth=.5, \\\n",
    "                     fun='mq', fun_min='lq', fun_max='uq') + \\\n",
    "    geom_point(shape=21)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "92de60d3",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 3. The `quantiles` Parameter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "c05e10ec",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.985702Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:44.985702Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.000429Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.000429Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "   <div id=\"UEpeZt\"></div>\n",
       "   <script type=\"text/javascript\" data-lets-plot-script=\"plot\">\n",
       "       (function() {\n",
       "           var plotSpec={\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
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       "\"fun_max\":\"uq\",\n",
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       "}\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"point\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"shape\":21.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "}\n",
       "}],\n",
       "\"metainfo_list\":[]\n",
       "};\n",
       "           var plotContainer = document.getElementById(\"UEpeZt\");\n",
       "           window.letsPlotCall(function() {{\n",
       "               LetsPlot.buildPlotFromProcessedSpecs(plotSpec, -1, -1, plotContainer);\n",
       "           }});\n",
       "       })();\n",
       "   </script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<lets_plot.plot.core.PlotSpec at 0x21ca53d4040>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ggplot(df, aes(\"petal_length\", \"sepal_length\")) + \\\n",
    "    stat_summary_bin(geom='crossbar', width=1, binwidth=.5, \\\n",
    "                     fun='mq', fun_min='lq', fun_max='uq', \\\n",
    "                     quantiles=[.05, .5, .95]) + \\\n",
    "    geom_point(shape=21)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "546b0bc9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 4. `center` and `boundary` Parameters"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "22c88593",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.000429Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.000429Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.031909Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-04-26T12:06:45.031909Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "\"..ymax..\":[4.6,5.8,5.7,NaN,NaN,5.1,5.8,6.7,7.0,6.9,7.2,7.9,7.7,NaN],\n",
       "\"petal_length\":[0.7500000000000001,1.25,1.75,2.25,2.75,3.25,3.75,4.25,4.75,5.25,5.75,6.25,6.75,7.25],\n",
       "\"sepal_length\":[4.6,4.994444444444444,5.06923076923077,NaN,NaN,5.0,5.4875,5.9222222222222225,6.148000000000001,6.266666666666668,6.617647058823529,7.285714285714286,7.675,NaN]\n",
       "}\n",
       "},{\n",
       "\"geom\":\"point\",\n",
       "\"mapping\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"data_meta\":{\n",
       "},\n",
       "\"shape\":21.0,\n",
       "\"data\":{\n",
       "}\n",
       "}],\n",
       "\"metainfo_list\":[]\n",
       "},\"blank\"]\n",
       "};\n",
       "           var plotContainer = document.getElementById(\"BJi40o\");\n",
       "           window.letsPlotCall(function() {{\n",
       "               LetsPlot.buildPlotFromProcessedSpecs(plotSpec, -1, -1, plotContainer);\n",
       "           }});\n",
       "       })();\n",
       "   </script>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<lets_plot.plot.subplots.SupPlotsSpec at 0x21ca53d6f20>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def get_plot(center=None, boundary=None):\n",
    "    return ggplot(df, aes(\"petal_length\", \"sepal_length\")) + \\\n",
    "        stat_summary_bin(geom='crossbar', width=1, binwidth=.5, \\\n",
    "                         center=center, boundary=boundary) + \\\n",
    "        geom_point(shape=21) + \\\n",
    "        ggtitle(\"center={0}, boundary={1}\".format(center, boundary))\n",
    "\n",
    "gggrid([\n",
    "    get_plot(),\n",
    "    get_plot(center=1),\n",
    "    get_plot(boundary=1),\n",
    "], ncol=2)"
   ]
  }
 ],
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