{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "5dae00ab",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Montenegrin Independence Referendum"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "eaacf775",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's explore the results of the Montenegrin independence referendum in 2006.\n",
"\n",
"The dataset was downloaded from Wikipedia article\n",
"[\"2006 Montenegrin independence referendum\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"id": "ade29f8d",
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"execution": {
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"shell.execute_reply": "2026-01-27T17:13:42.121322Z"
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},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"import pandas as pd\n",
"\n",
"from lets_plot import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"id": "ec0a99bf",
"metadata": {
"execution": {
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"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"\n",
" \n",
" \n",
" "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"LetsPlot.setup_html() "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"id": "f9e8d752-506c-4f73-b0ec-522fb3e4f7e3",
"metadata": {
"execution": {
"iopub.execute_input": "2026-01-27T17:13:42.125137Z",
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"shell.execute_reply": "2026-01-27T17:13:42.126806Z"
}
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def get_data(df):\n",
" # Blank or invalid votes:\n",
" df[\"Blank\"] = df[\"Voted\"] - df[\"Yes\"] - df[\"No\"]\n",
" df = df[[\"Municipality\", \"Registered\", \"No\", \"Yes\", \"Blank\"]]\n",
" return pd.melt(df, id_vars=[\"Municipality\", \"Registered\"], var_name=\"Vote\", value_name=\"Number\")\n",
"\n",
"def get_geodata(df):\n",
" from lets_plot.geo_data import geocode_states\n",
" country = \"Montenegro\"\n",
" municipalities_geocoder = geocode_states(names=df[\"Municipality\"]).scope(country)\n",
" return municipalities_geocoder, pd.merge(\n",
" municipalities_geocoder.get_boundaries(resolution=15),\n",
" df[[\"Municipality\", \"Yes%\"]],\n",
" left_on=\"state\",\n",
" right_on=\"Municipality\"\n",
" )"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"id": "18e79c96",
"metadata": {
"execution": {
"iopub.execute_input": "2026-01-27T17:13:42.127704Z",
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"iopub.status.idle": "2026-01-27T17:13:43.195857Z",
"shell.execute_reply": "2026-01-27T17:13:43.195454Z"
}
},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"The geodata is provided by © OpenStreetMap contributors and is made available here under the Open Database License (ODbL).\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"raw_df = pd.read_csv(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JetBrains/lets-plot-docs/master/data/montenegrin_referendum_2006.csv\")\n",
"df = get_data(raw_df)\n",
"municipalities_geocoder, boundaries_gdf = get_geodata(raw_df)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "8c2eefa3",
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"execution": {
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"shell.execute_reply": "2026-01-27T17:13:43.473754Z"
}
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{
"data": {
"text/html": [
" \n",
" "
],
"text/plain": [
""
]
},
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
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],
"source": [
"ggplot() + \\\n",
" geom_livemap(data_size_zoomin=3) + \\\n",
" geom_map(aes(fill=\"Yes%\"), data=boundaries_gdf,\n",
" tooltips=layer_tooltips().title(\"@state\")\n",
" .line(\"'Yes' votes|@{Yes%}\")\n",
" .format(\"Yes%\", \"{} %\")) + \\\n",
" geom_pie(aes(\"Municipality\", paint_a=\"Vote\", weight=\"Number\", size=\"..sum..\",\n",
" # To show \"Registered\" in the tooltips, we have to include it in group.\n",
" # However, an explicit group overrides the default grouping for this statistic, so we also need to add \"Vote\" to the grouping.\n",
" group=[\"Vote\", \"Registered\"]),\n",
" data=df, map=municipalities_geocoder, map_join=[\"Municipality\", \"state\"],\n",
" fill_by='paint_a', hole=.2, stroke=1.5, stroke_side='both',\n",
" tooltips=layer_tooltips().title(\"@Municipality\")\n",
" .line(\"Vote|@Vote\")\n",
" .line(\"Number|@{..count..}\")\n",
" .line(\"Percent|@{..prop..}\")\n",
" .line(\"Total voted|@{..sum..}\")\n",
" .line(\"Registered|@Registered\")\n",
" .format(\"..prop..\", \".2%\")) + \\\n",
" scale_fill_gradientn([\"#a50026\", \"#d73027\", \"#66bd63\", \"#4daf4a\", \"#006837\"]) + \\\n",
" scale_manual('paint_a', values=[\"#e41a1c\", \"#4daf4a\", \"#999999\"]) + \\\n",
" scale_size(name=\"Total voted\", range=[3, 8]) + \\\n",
" ggtitle(\"Results of the Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006\") + \\\n",
" ggsize(900, 900) + \\\n",
" theme(legend_position='none', plot_title=element_text(size=24, face='bold'))"
]
}
],
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