{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "샘플 코드는 최종 파일만 배포합니다"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 단위 테스트 도입"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 단일 모듈 테스트"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:booksearch_module.py)\n",
    "import unittest\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# 애플리케이션 코드\n",
    "def booksearch():\n",
    "    # 임의 처리\n",
    "    return {}\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "class BookSearchTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    # booksearch() 테스트 코드\n",
    "    def test_booksearch(self):\n",
    "        self.assertEqual({}, booksearch())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      ".\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.000s\n",
      "\n",
      "OK\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python3 -m unittest booksearch_module.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_booksearch (booksearch_module.BookSearchTest) ... ok\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.000s\n",
      "\n",
      "OK\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# -v 옵션으로 상세 정보 표시\n",
    "!python3 -m unittest -v booksearch_module.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 테스트 실행 명령어 간략화"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "import unittest\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "# 애플리케이션 코드\n",
      "def booksearch():\n",
      "    # 임의 처리\n",
      "    return {}\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "class BookSearchTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
      "    # booksearch() 테스트 코드\n",
      "    def test_booksearch(self):\n",
      "        self.assertEqual({}, booksearch())\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
      "    unittest.main()\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat booksearch_module.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_booksearch (__main__.BookSearchTest) ... ok\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.000s\n",
      "\n",
      "OK\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python3 booksearch_module.py -v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 패키지 테스트"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 디렉터리 구성"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/yeonsookim/Workspaces/personal/python-src/12-unittest/workspace\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# booksearch/, tests/를 준비한 디렉터리로 이동합니다\n",
    "%cd workspace"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 0 tests in 0.000s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 샘플 애플리케이션 작성"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "from .core import Book, get_books\n",
      "__all__ = ['Book', 'get_books']"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat booksearch/__init__.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "import json\n",
      "from urllib import request, parse\n",
      "\n",
      "def get_json(param):\n",
      "    with request.urlopen(build_url(param)) as f:\n",
      "        return json.load(f)\n",
      "\n",
      "def get_data(url):\n",
      "    with request.urlopen(url) as f:\n",
      "        return f.read()\n",
      "\n",
      "def build_url(param):\n",
      "    query = parse.urlencode(param)\n",
      "    return ('https://www.googleapis.com'\n",
      "            f'/books/v1/volumes?{query}')"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat booksearch/api.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "import imghdr\n",
      "import pathlib\n",
      "from .api import get_data, get_json\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "class Book:\n",
      "    \"\"\"API 응답의 VolumeInfo 엘리먼트에 대응\"\"\"\n",
      "\n",
      "    def __init__(self, item):\n",
      "        self.id = item['id']\n",
      "        volume_info = item['volumeInfo']\n",
      "        for k, v in volume_info.items():\n",
      "            setattr(self, str(k), v)\n",
      "\n",
      "    def __repr__(self):\n",
      "        return str(self.__dict__)\n",
      "\n",
      "    def save_thumbnails(self, prefix):\n",
      "        \"\"\"섬네일 이미지를 저장함\"\"\"\n",
      "        paths = []\n",
      "        for kind, url in self.imageLinks.items():\n",
      "            thumbnail = get_data(url)\n",
      "            # 이미지 데이터로부터 확장자 판정\n",
      "            ext = imghdr.what(None, h=thumbnail)\n",
      "            # pathlib.Path는 / 연산자로 경로를 추가할 수 있음\n",
      "            base = pathlib.Path(\n",
      "                prefix) / f'{self.id}_{kind}'\n",
      "            filename = base.with_suffix(f'.{ext}')\n",
      "            filename.write_bytes(thumbnail)\n",
      "            paths.append(filename)\n",
      "        return paths\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "def get_books(q, **params):\n",
      "    \"\"\"서적 검색 수행\"\"\"\n",
      "    params['q'] = q\n",
      "    data = get_json(params)\n",
      "    return [Book(item) for item in data['items']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!cat booksearch/core.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "URLError",
     "evalue": "<urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)>",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mSSLCertVerificationError\u001b[0m                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_open\u001b[0;34m(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1318\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1319\u001b[0;31m                 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1320\u001b[0m                           encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mrequest\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1229\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;34m\"\"\"Send a complete request to the server.\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1230\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_send_request\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0murl\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mheaders\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1231\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_send_request\u001b[0;34m(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1275\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_encode\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'body'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1276\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mendheaders\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbody\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1277\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mendheaders\u001b[0;34m(self, message_body, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1224\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mCannotSendHeader\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1225\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_send_output\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmessage_body\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mencode_chunked\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1226\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_send_output\u001b[0;34m(self, message_body, encode_chunked)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1003\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mdel\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_buffer\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1004\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msend\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1005\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36msend\u001b[0;34m(self, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    943\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mauto_open\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 944\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mconnect\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    945\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/http/client.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mconnect\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1398\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1399\u001b[0;31m             self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1400\u001b[0m                                                   server_hostname=server_hostname)\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mwrap_socket\u001b[0;34m(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    499\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# ctx._wrap_socket()\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 500\u001b[0;31m         return self.sslsocket_class._create(\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    501\u001b[0m             \u001b[0msock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0msock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_create\u001b[0;34m(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1039\u001b[0m                         \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1040\u001b[0;31m                     \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdo_handshake\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1041\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mOSError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/ssl.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_handshake\u001b[0;34m(self, block)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1308\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msettimeout\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1309\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_sslobj\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdo_handshake\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1310\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mfinally\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mSSLCertVerificationError\u001b[0m: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)",
      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mURLError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-c93f24622be7>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0mbooksearch\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_books\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mbooks\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_books\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'python'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Workspaces/personal/python-src/12-unittest/workspace/booksearch/core.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_books\u001b[0;34m(q, **params)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     35\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;34m\"\"\"서적 검색 수행\"\"\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m     36\u001b[0m     \u001b[0mparams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'q'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m---> 37\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_json\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparams\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m     38\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mBook\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mitem\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mitem\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'items'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m~/Workspaces/personal/python-src/12-unittest/workspace/booksearch/api.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_json\u001b[0;34m(param)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mget_json\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparam\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mwith\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrequest\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0murlopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mbuild_url\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mparam\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mjson\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mload\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36murlopen\u001b[0;34m(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    220\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    221\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mopener\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_opener\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 222\u001b[0;31m     \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopener\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0murl\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtimeout\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    223\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    224\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0minstall_opener\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mopener\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mopen\u001b[0;34m(self, fullurl, data, timeout)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    523\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    524\u001b[0m         \u001b[0msys\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0maudit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'urllib.Request'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfull_url\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mheaders\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_method\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 525\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0mresponse\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_open\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdata\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    526\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    527\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;31m# post-process response\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_open\u001b[0;34m(self, req, data)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    540\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    541\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mprotocol\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 542\u001b[0;31m         result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    543\u001b[0m                                   '_open', req)\n\u001b[1;32m    544\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_call_chain\u001b[0;34m(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    500\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhandler\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhandlers\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    501\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mgetattr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mhandler\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmeth_name\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 502\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    503\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    504\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mhttps_open\u001b[0;34m(self, req)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1360\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1361\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhttps_open\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mreq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1362\u001b[0;31m             return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1363\u001b[0m                 context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)\n\u001b[1;32m   1364\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/urllib/request.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdo_open\u001b[0;34m(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1320\u001b[0m                           encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))\n\u001b[1;32m   1321\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mOSError\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# timeout error\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1322\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mURLError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0merr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1323\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mr\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mh\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mgetresponse\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1324\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mexcept\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mURLError\u001b[0m: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1108)>"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from booksearch import get_books\n",
    "books = get_books(q='python')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'books' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-7-483e878a896e>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# 실행 시 얻은 데이터에 따라 결과가 달라짐\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mbooks\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'books' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 실행 시 얻은 데이터에 따라 결과가 달라짐\n",
    "books[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# unittest 모듈 ── 표준 단위 테스트 라이브러리"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 테스트 케이스 구현"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "import unittest\n",
    "\n",
    "class BuildUrlTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    def test_build_url(self):\n",
    "        # build_url()이 테스트 대상 처리\n",
    "        from booksearch.api import build_url\n",
    "        expected = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python'\n",
    "        actual = build_url({'q': 'python'})\n",
    "        # assert 메서드 이용\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "        actual = build_url({'q': 'python'})\n",
    "        # assert 메서드 이용\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 좋지 않은 예시\n",
    "        # 위 행이 실패하면 아래 행이 실행되지 않음\n",
    "        expected2 = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?'\n",
    "        actual2 = build_url({})\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected2, actual2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "        actual = build_url({'q': 'python'})\n",
    "        # assert 메서드 이용\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 좋은 예\n",
    "    def test_build_url_empty_param(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.api import build_url\n",
    "        expected = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?'\n",
    "        actual = build_url({})\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 전처리, 후처리가 필요한 테스트 케이스"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_core.py)\n",
    "import pathlib\n",
    "import unittest\n",
    "from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory\n",
    "\n",
    "THUMBNAIL_URL = (\n",
    "    'http://books.google.com/books/content'\n",
    "    '?id=OgtBw76OY5EC&printsec=frontcover'\n",
    "    '&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&source=gbs_api'\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "class SaveThumbnailsTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    def setUp(self):\n",
    "        # 임시 디렉터리 작성\n",
    "        self.tmp = TemporaryDirectory()\n",
    "\n",
    "    def tearDown(self):\n",
    "        # 임시 디렉터리 정리\n",
    "        self.tmp.cleanup()\n",
    "\n",
    "    def test_save_thumbnails(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.core import Book\n",
    "        book = Book({'id': '', 'volumeInfo': {\n",
    "            'imageLinks': {\n",
    "                'thumbnail': THUMBNAIL_URL\n",
    "            }}})\n",
    "        # 처리를 실행하고 파일이 작성되었음을 확인\n",
    "        filename = book.save_thumbnails(self.tmp.name)[0]\n",
    "        self.assertTrue(pathlib.Path(filename).exists())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 테스트 실행과 결과 확인"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest\n",
    "...\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 3 tests in 0.899s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v\n",
    "test_build_url (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 3 tests in 0.337s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 테스트 실패 시 결과"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "class BuildUrlTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    (생략)\n",
    "    def test_build_url_fail(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.api import build_url\n",
    "        expected = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes'\n",
    "        actual = build_url({})\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(expected, actual,\n",
    "                         msg='이 테스트는 실패합니다')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v\n",
    "test_build_url (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_fail (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... FAIL\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "======================================================================\n",
    "FAIL: test_build_url_fail (test_api.BuildUrlTest)\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Traceback (most recent call last):\n",
    "  File \"/Users/.../workspace/tests/test_api.py\", line 24, in test_build_url_fail\n",
    "    msg='이 테스트는 실패합니다')\n",
    "AssertionError: 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes' != 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?'\n",
    "- https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes\n",
    "+ https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?\n",
    "?                                            +\n",
    " : 이 테스트는 실패합니다\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 4 tests in 0.397s\n",
    "\n",
    "FAILED (failures=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 테스트 실패 시 결과 억제하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "class BuildUrlTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    (생략)\n",
    "    @unittest.expectedFailure\n",
    "    def test_build_url_fail(self):"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v\n",
    "test_build_url (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_fail (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... expected failure\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 4 tests in 0.400s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK (expected failures=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 특정 테스트만 실행하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 테스트 케이스 직접 실행"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 모듈 지정\n",
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v tests.test_api\n",
    "test_build_url (tests.test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (tests.test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_fail (tests.test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... expected failure\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 3 tests in 0.049s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK (expected failures=1)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 클래스 지정\n",
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v tests.test_api.BuildUrlTest\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 메서드 지정\n",
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v tests.test_api.BuildUrlTest.test_build_url\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 여러 테스트 지정\n",
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v tests.test_api tests.test_core\n",
    "(생략)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 테스트 디스커버리"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 실행할 테스트 모듈 이름을 지정\n",
    "$ python3 -m unittest discover -s tests -p 'test_c*.py' -v\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 1 test in 0.362s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# unittest.mock 모듈 ── 목(모의) 객체 이용"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 목 객체 기본 사용법"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 임의의 값을 반환하는 호출 가능 객체로서 이용"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from unittest.mock import Mock\n",
    "\n",
    "# 인수에 반환값을 설정\n",
    "mock = Mock(return_value=3)\n",
    "mock()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# return_value는 나중에도 설정할 수 있음\n",
    "mock.return_value=4\n",
    "\n",
    "# 호출 시 인수는 반환값에 영향 없음\n",
    "mock(1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 함수에서는 인수가 그대로 전달됨\n",
    "mock = Mock(side_effect=lambda x: x % 2)\n",
    "mock(3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# side_effect는 나중에도 설정할 수 있음\n",
    "# 이터러블을 사용하면 호출할 때마다 앞에서부터 순서대로 반환됨\n",
    "mock.side_effect=[2, 1]\n",
    "mock()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mock()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "ValueError",
     "evalue": "에러입니다",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-14-a88ddb0aa40f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# 예외 클래스나 그 인스턴스에서는 해당 예외가 전송됨\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mside_effect\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mValueError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'에러입니다'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__call__\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1073\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_mock_check_sig\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1074\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_increment_mock_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1075\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_mock_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1076\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1077\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_mock_call\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1077\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1078\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_mock_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1079\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_execute_mock_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1080\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1081\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_increment_mock_call\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_execute_mock_call\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1132\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0meffect\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1133\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_is_exception\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0meffect\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m-> 1134\u001b[0;31m                 \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0meffect\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m   1135\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32melif\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0meffect\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m   1136\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnext\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0meffect\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: 에러입니다"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 예외 클래스나 그 인스턴스에서는 해당 예외가 전송됨\n",
    "mock.side_effect = ValueError('에러입니다')\n",
    "mock()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Assert 메서드로 호출 여부 테스트"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mock = Mock(return_value=3)\n",
    "\n",
    "# 아직 한 번도 호출되지 않았음을 확인\n",
    "mock.assert_not_called()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AssertionError",
     "evalue": "Expected 'mock' to have been called once. Called 0 times.",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-17-8718a2e60748>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# 한 번만 호출되었음을 확인\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# 아직 한번도 호출되지 않았음을 확인\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0massert_called_once\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36massert_called_once\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    884\u001b[0m                       \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall_count\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    885\u001b[0m                       self._calls_repr()))\n\u001b[0;32m--> 886\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAssertionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    887\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    888\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0massert_called_with\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m: Expected 'mock' to have been called once. Called 0 times."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 한 번만 호출되었음을 확인\n",
    "# 아직 한 번도 호출되지 않았으므로 에러가 발생함\n",
    "mock.assert_called_once()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 호출해 봄\n",
    "mock(1, a=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AssertionError",
     "evalue": "Expected 'mock' to not have been called. Called 1 times.\nCalls: [call(1, a=2)].",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-24-cd640054a194>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# 호출되었으므로 에러 발생\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0massert_not_called\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36massert_not_called\u001b[0;34m(self)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    866\u001b[0m                       \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcall_count\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    867\u001b[0m                       self._calls_repr()))\n\u001b[0;32m--> 868\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAssertionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    869\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    870\u001b[0m     \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0massert_called\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m: Expected 'mock' to not have been called. Called 1 times.\nCalls: [call(1, a=2)]."
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 호출되었으므로 에러 발생\n",
    "mock.assert_not_called()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 한 번만 호출된 것을 확인\n",
    "mock.assert_called_once()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 호출 여부를 확인\n",
    "mock.assert_called_once_with(1, a=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "tags": [
     "raises-exception"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "AssertionError",
     "evalue": "expected call not found.\nExpected: mock(1, a=3)\nActual: mock(1, a=2)",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m                            Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-27-95c20c5fceb1>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mmock\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0massert_called_once_with\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36massert_called_once_with\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    917\u001b[0m                       self._calls_repr()))\n\u001b[1;32m    918\u001b[0m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAssertionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmsg\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 919\u001b[0;31m         \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0massert_called_with\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m*\u001b[0m\u001b[0margs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m**\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkwargs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    920\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    921\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;32m/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/unittest/mock.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36massert_called_with\u001b[0;34m(self, *args, **kwargs)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    905\u001b[0m         \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mexpected\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m!=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mactual\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    906\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mcause\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mexpected\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mexpected\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mException\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32melse\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 907\u001b[0;31m             \u001b[0;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mAssertionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_error_message\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfrom\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcause\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m    908\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m    909\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mAssertionError\u001b[0m: expected call not found.\nExpected: mock(1, a=3)\nActual: mock(1, a=2)"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mock.assert_called_once_with(1, a=3)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# 호출된 횟수는 확인하지 못하며, 일부 인수만 확인\n",
    "from unittest.mock import ANY\n",
    "mock.assert_called_with(1, a=ANY)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## patch를 사용한 객체 치환"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from booksearch import get_books\n",
    "from unittest.mock import patch\n",
    "\n",
    "# 대화형 모드에서는 __main__ 모듈에서 이름을 지정\n",
    "with patch('__main__.get_books') as mock_get_books:\n",
    "    mock_get_books.return_value = []\n",
    "    print(get_books())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@patch('__main__.get_books')\n",
    "def test_use_mock(mock_get_books):\n",
    "    mock_get_books.return_value = []\n",
    "    return get_books()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "test_use_mock()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## mock을 이용한 테스트 케이스 실제 사례"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from booksearch import get_books\n",
    "book = get_books(q='python')[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[PosixPath('tests/data/oW63DwAAQBAJ_smallThumbnail.jpeg'),\n",
       " PosixPath('tests/data/oW63DwAAQBAJ_thumbnail.jpeg')]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# 실행 시에 얻은 데이터에 따라 결과는 다름\n",
    "book.save_thumbnails('tests/data')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_core.py)\n",
    "from unittest.mock import patch\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "class SaveThumbnailsTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    (생략)\n",
    "    # 테스트 대상의 save_thumbnail()가 이용할 참조 이름을 지정\n",
    "    @patch('booksearch.core.get_data')\n",
    "    def test_save_thumbnails(self, mock_get_data):\n",
    "        from booksearch.core import Book\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 앞에서 얻은 섬네일 이미지 데이터를 모의 객치의 반환값으로 설정\n",
    "        data_path = pathlib.Path(__file__).with_name('data')\n",
    "        mock_get_data.return_value = (\n",
    "            data_path / 'YkGmfbil6L4C_thumbnail.jpeg').read_bytes()\n",
    "\n",
    "        book = Book({'id': '', 'volumeInfo': {\n",
    "            'imageLinks': {\n",
    "                'thumbnail': THUMBNAIL_URL\n",
    "            }}})\n",
    "        filename = book.save_thumbnails(self.tmp.name)[0]\n",
    "\n",
    "        # get_data() 호출 시의 인수 확인\n",
    "        mock_get_data.assert_called_with(THUMBNAIL_URL)\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 저장된 데이터 확인\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(data, filename.read_bytes())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v\n",
    "test_build_url (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_fail (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... expected failure\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 4 tests in 0.040s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK (expected failures=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 유스 케이스 별 테스트 케이스 구현"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 환경 의존 테스트 건너 뛰기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "import sys\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "class BuildUrlTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    (생략)\n",
    "    # 인수로 테스트를 건너 뛰는 이유를 전달\n",
    "    @unittest.skip('this is a skip test')\n",
    "    def test_nothing_skip(self):\n",
    "        pass\n",
    "\n",
    "    # 실행 중인 파이썬 버전이 3.6보다 높으면 건너뜀\n",
    "    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info > (3, 6),\n",
    "                     'this is a skipIf test')\n",
    "    def test_nothing_skipIf(self):\n",
    "        pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "$ python3 -m unittest -v\n",
    "test_build_url (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_empty_param (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... ok\n",
    "test_build_url_fail (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... expected failure\n",
    "test_nothing_skip (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... skipped 'this is a skip test'\n",
    "test_nothing_skipIf (test_api.BuildUrlTest) ... skipped 'this is a skipIf test'\n",
    "test_save_thumbnails (test_core.SaveThumbnailsTest) ... ok\n",
    "\n",
    "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
    "Ran 6 tests in 0.038s\n",
    "\n",
    "OK (skipped=2, expected failures=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 예외 발생 테스트"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_core.py)\n",
    "from urllib.error import URLError\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "class GetBooksTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    def test_get_books_no_connection(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.core import get_books\n",
    "\n",
    "        # 임시로 네트워크 접속 단절\n",
    "        with patch('socket.socket.connect') as mock:\n",
    "            # connect()가 호출되면 정확하지 않은 값을 반환함\n",
    "            mock.return_value = None\n",
    "            with self.assertRaisesRegex(URLError, 'urlopen error'):\n",
    "                # 예외가 발생하는 처리를 with 블록 안에서 실행\n",
    "                get_books(q='python')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_get_books_no_connection (tests.test_core.GetBooksTest) ... ok\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.086s\n",
      "\n",
      "OK\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python3 -m unittest tests.test_core.GetBooksTest -v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 다른 파라미터로 동일한 테스트 반복하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "class BuildUrlMultiTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    def test_build_url_multi(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.api import build_url\n",
    "        base = 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?'\n",
    "        expected_url = f'{base}q=python'\n",
    "        # 2번째, 3번째 테스트는 실패함\n",
    "        params = (\n",
    "            (expected_url, {'q': 'python'}),\n",
    "            (expected_url, {'q': 'python', 'maxResults': 1}),\n",
    "            (expected_url, {'q': 'python', 'langRestrict': 'en'}),\n",
    "        )\n",
    "        for expected, param in params:\n",
    "            with self.subTest(**param):\n",
    "                actual = build_url(param)\n",
    "                self.assertEqual(expected, actual)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "======================================================================\n",
      "FAIL: test_build_url_multi (tests.test_api.BuildUrlMultiTest) (q='python', maxResults=1)\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Traceback (most recent call last):\n",
      "  File \"/Users/suyamar/github/python-practice-book/src/12-unittest/workspace/tests/test_api.py\", line 56, in test_build_url_multi\n",
      "    self.assertEqual(expected, actual)\n",
      "AssertionError: 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python' != 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python&maxResults=1'\n",
      "- https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python\n",
      "+ https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python&maxResults=1\n",
      "?                                                     +++++++++++++\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "======================================================================\n",
      "FAIL: test_build_url_multi (tests.test_api.BuildUrlMultiTest) (q='python', langRestrict='en')\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Traceback (most recent call last):\n",
      "  File \"/Users/suyamar/github/python-practice-book/src/12-unittest/workspace/tests/test_api.py\", line 56, in test_build_url_multi\n",
      "    self.assertEqual(expected, actual)\n",
      "AssertionError: 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python' != 'https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python&langRestrict=en'\n",
      "- https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python\n",
      "+ https://www.googleapis.com/books/v1/volumes?q=python&langRestrict=en\n",
      "?                                                     ++++++++++++++++\n",
      "\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.084s\n",
      "\n",
      "FAILED (failures=2)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python3 -m unittest tests.test_api.BuildUrlMultiTest"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 컨텍스트 관리자 테스트하기"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "raw",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "(주:tests/test_api.py)\n",
    "import json\n",
    "from io import StringIO\n",
    "from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock\n",
    "(생략)\n",
    "class GetJsonTest(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "    def test_get_json(self):\n",
    "        from booksearch.api import get_json\n",
    "        with patch('booksearch.api.request.urlopen') as mock_urlopen:\n",
    "            # 컨텍스트 관리자의 목(mock)을 준비\n",
    "            # API 응답이 될 JSON 데이터 준비\n",
    "            expected_response = {'id': 'test'}\n",
    "            fp = StringIO(json.dumps(expected_response))\n",
    "\n",
    "            # MagicMock 클래스를 사용하면 __exit__를 추가할 필요 없음\n",
    "            mock = MagicMock()\n",
    "            mock.__enter__.return_value = fp\n",
    "            # urlopen()의 반환값이 컨텍스트 관리자\n",
    "            mock_urlopen.return_value = mock\n",
    "            actual = get_json({'q': 'python'})\n",
    "            self.assertEqual(expected_response, actual)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_get_json (tests.test_api.GetJsonTest) ... ok\n",
      "\n",
      "----------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
      "Ran 1 test in 0.057s\n",
      "\n",
      "OK\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!python3 -m unittest tests.test_api.GetJsonTest -v"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# 정리"
   ]
  }
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