# Common Patterns and Troubleshooting

Frequently needed plot recipes, then the errors seaborn most often raises and what they
actually mean.

## Common Patterns

### Exploratory Data Analysis

```python
# Quick overview of all relationships
sns.pairplot(data=df, hue='target', corner=True)

# Distribution exploration
sns.displot(data=df, x='variable', hue='group',
            kind='kde', fill=True, col='category')

# Correlation analysis
corr = df.corr()
sns.heatmap(corr, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm', center=0)
```

### Publication-Quality Figures

```python
sns.set_theme(style='ticks', context='paper', font_scale=1.1)

g = sns.catplot(data=df, x='treatment', y='response',
                col='cell_line', kind='box', height=3, aspect=1.2)
g.set_axis_labels('Treatment Condition', 'Response (μM)')
g.set_titles('{col_name}')
sns.despine(trim=True)

g.savefig('figure.pdf', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
```

### Complex Multi-Panel Figures

```python
# Using matplotlib subplots with seaborn
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(12, 10))

sns.scatterplot(data=df, x='x1', y='y', hue='group', ax=axes[0, 0])
sns.histplot(data=df, x='x1', hue='group', ax=axes[0, 1])
sns.violinplot(data=df, x='group', y='y', ax=axes[1, 0])
sns.heatmap(df.pivot_table(values='y', index='x1', columns='x2'),
            ax=axes[1, 1], cmap='viridis')

plt.tight_layout()
```

### Time Series with Confidence Bands

```python
# Lineplot automatically aggregates and shows CI
sns.lineplot(data=timeseries, x='date', y='measurement',
             hue='sensor', style='location', errorbar='sd')

# For more control
g = sns.relplot(data=timeseries, x='date', y='measurement',
                col='location', hue='sensor', kind='line',
                height=4, aspect=1.5, errorbar=('ci', 95))
g.set_axis_labels('Date', 'Measurement (units)')
```

## Troubleshooting

### Issue: Legend Outside Plot Area

Figure-level functions place legends outside by default. To move inside:

```python
g = sns.relplot(data=df, x='x', y='y', hue='category')
sns.move_legend(g, "center right", bbox_to_anchor=(0.9, 0.5))
```

### Issue: Overlapping Labels

```python
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
plt.tight_layout()
```

### Issue: Figure Too Small

For figure-level functions:
```python
sns.relplot(data=df, x='x', y='y', height=6, aspect=1.5)
```

For axes-level functions:
```python
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.scatterplot(data=df, x='x', y='y', ax=ax)
```

### Issue: Colors Not Distinct Enough

```python
# Use a different palette
sns.set_palette("bright")

# Or specify number of colors
palette = sns.color_palette("husl", n_colors=len(df['category'].unique()))
sns.scatterplot(data=df, x='x', y='y', hue='category', palette=palette)
```

### Issue: KDE Too Smooth or Jagged

```python
# Adjust bandwidth
sns.kdeplot(data=df, x='x', bw_adjust=0.5)  # Less smooth
sns.kdeplot(data=df, x='x', bw_adjust=2)    # More smooth
```