Name

    NV_fragment_shader_barycentric

Name Strings

    GL_NV_fragment_shader_barycentric

Contact

    Pat Brown, NVIDIA (pbrown 'at' nvidia.com)

Contributors

    Ashwin Lele, NVIDIA
    Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA
    Michael Chock, NVIDIA

Status

    Shipping

Version

    Last Modified:      April 8, 2019
    Revision:           3

Dependencies

    This extension can be applied to OpenGL GLSL versions 4.50
    (#version 450) and higher.

    This extension can be applied to OpenGL ES ESSL versions 3.20
    (#version 320) and higher.

    This extension is written against the OpenGL Shading Language
    Specification, version 4.60, dated July 23, 2017.

    Additional changes are written against the OpenGL ES Shading
    Language Specification, Version 3.20.5, dated December 12, 2018.

Overview

    This extension provides two new OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) fragment
    shader built-in inputs (gl_BaryCoordNV and gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV) that are
    three-component vectors specifying the relative weights for each vertex in
    the original primitive.  Fragments located in the corners of a triangle
    primitive will have weights of (1,0,0), (0,1,0), and (0,0,1), while a
    fragment in the exact middle of a triangle will have weights of (1/3, 1/3,
    1/3).  The weights in the vector gl_BaryCoordNV are perspective-corrected
    and reflect the location of the fragment as projected onto the original
    primitive.  The weights in the vector gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV are not
    perspective-corrected and reflect the location of the fragment relative to
    the on-screen projection of the original primitive.  For both vectors, the
    values of the three components should add to approximately 1.0.

    This extension also allows fragment shaders to read the raw per-vertex
    values of shader outputs from the last shader executed before
    rasterization.  This mechanism uses the same syntax used to read
    per-vertex inputs in for tessellation and geometry shaders.  The qualifier
    "pervertexNV" can be applied to fragment shader input blocks and
    variables to specify that those inputs do not read interpolated
    per-fragment values, but instead read raw per-vertex values from the
    vertices of the original primitive.  Like tessellation and geometry shader
    inputs, such variables or blocks must be declared as arrays and indexed
    with a vertex number (0, 1, or 2).  For example, if a shader declares the
    following input block:

      pervertexNV in Inputs {
        float f;
        float g;
      } inputs[];

    the expression "inputs[0].f" reads the value of <f> for the first vertex
    of the original primitive, while "inputs[2].g" reads the value of <g> for
    the third vertex.

    While barycentric weights can be used to interpolate values by reading the
    outputs of previous shaders (using "pervertexNV" attributes), it can
    also be used to interpolate values based in input values fetched directly
    from memory, with no shader outputs involved.  For example, in code like
    the following:

      pervertexNV in int vertexIDs[];
      buffer VertexData {
        struct VertexAttributes {
          vec3 normal;
        } attrs[];
      };

    shaders can fetch the values of <normal> for the three vertices of a
    primitive using:

      vec3 normal0 = attrs[vertexIDs[0]];
      vec3 normal1 = attrs[vertexIDs[1]];
      vec3 normal2 = attrs[vertexIDs[2]];

    without reading or emitting any normal vectors in a vertex shader.

    Mapping to SPIR-V
    -----------------

    For informational purposes (non-normative), the following is an
    expected way for an implementation to map GLSL constructs to SPIR-V
    constructs:

      pervertexNV interpolation qualifier -> PerVertexNV Decoration

      gl_BaryCoordNV -> BaryCoordNV decorated OpVariable
      gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV -> BaryCoordNoPerspNV decorated OpVariable

    Input variables decorated with "PerVertexNV" are accessed with an extra
    array dimension identifying a vertex number.


Modifications to the OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version 4.60

    Including the following line in a shader can be used to control the
    language features described in this extension:

      #extension GL_NV_fragment_shader_barycentric : <behavior>

    where <behavior> is as specified in section 3.3.

    New preprocessor #defines are added to the OpenGL Shading Language:

      #define GL_NV_fragment_shader_barycentric         1


    Modify Section 3.6, Keywords (p. 15)

    (add to list of keywords, on the line with "centroid", "flat", "smooth",
     and "noperspective")

      pervertexNV


    Modify Section 4.3.4, Input Variables (p. 45)

    (modify third paragraph, p. 46, to document that fragment shader inputs
     declared with "pervertexNV" are treated similarly to tessellation and
     geometry shader inputs and document that "pervertexNV" has no effect in
     non-fragment shaders)

    Tessellation control input variables, tessellation evaluation input
    variables, geometry shader input variables, and fragment shader input
    variables qualified with "pervertexNV" get the per-vertex values written
    out by output variables of the same names in the previous active shader
    stage. For these inputs, centroid, pervertexNV and interpolation
    qualifiers are allowed, but have no effect.  Since all of these inputs
    have separate values for each vertex in the input primitive, each such
    input variable (or input block, see interface blocks below) needs to be
    declared as an array. For example,

      in float foo[]; // geometry shader input for vertex "out float foo"

    (modify fourth paragraph, p. 46, to document how the array size for
     "arrayed" inputs is obtained for tessellation shaders and per-vertex
     fragment shader inputs)

    ...   For geometry shaders, ... section 4.4.1 "Input Layout Qualifiers".
    For tessellation control and evaluation shaders, the array size will be
    set by (or if provided, must be consistent with) the maximum patch size
    gl_MaxPatchVertices.  For fragment shader inputs qualified with
    "pervertexNV", the array size will be set to (or if provided, must be
    equal to) three.

    (modify fifth paragraph, p. 46, to treat "pervertexNV" inputs as
     "arrayed" interfaces)

    Some inputs and outputs are arrayed ...  Geometry shader inputs,
    tessellation control shader inputs and outputs, tessellation evaluation
    inputs, and fragment shader inputs qualified with "pervertexNV" all have
    an additional level of arrayness relative to other shader inputs and
    outputs.  Component limits...

    (modify second paragraph, p. 47, adding alternate language about the
     handling of fragment shader inputs using "pervertexNV")

    Fragment shader inputs not declared with "pervertexNV" get
    per-fragment values, typically interpolated from a previous stage's
    outputs. ... as well as the interpolation qualifiers flat, noperspective,
    and smooth.  Fragment shader inputs declared with "pervertexNV" are
    not interpolated.  Such inputs are arrayed and may be used to directly
    access the previous stage's outputs for one of the vertices of the
    primitives producing the fragment, using a vertex number of 0, 1, or 2 as
    an index.  ...

    (modify third paragraph, p. 47, allowing integer and double-precision
     fragment shader inputs if qualified with "pervertexNV")

    Fragment shader inputs that are, or contain, signed or unsigned integers,
    integer vectors, or any double-precision floating-point type must be
    qualified with the qualifier "flat" or "pervertexNV".

    (modify the fourth paragraph, p. 48, adding an example)

    Fragment inputs are declared as in the following examples:

      ...
      pervertexNV in vec4 perVertexAttr[];


    Modify Section 4.3.9, Interface Blocks, p. 51

    (update the fake grammar, p. 52, to clarify that you can use the
     interpolation qualifier "pervertexNV" on input blocks)

      interface-qualifier:
        ...
        pervertexNV in
        ...


    Modify Section 4.5, Interpolation Qualifiers, p. 83

    (add to the table in first paragraph of the section)

      Qualifier         Meaning
      ----------------  --------------------------------------------
      pervertexNV       no interpolation, values accessed per vertex

    (add before the next-to-last paragraph, p. 83)

    A variable or interface block qualified with "pervertexNV" must be
    declared as an array, where each array element corresponds to one of the
    vertices of the primitive that produced the fragment.  This array can have
    no more than three elements, and will have a size of three if declared as
    unsized.  The order of the three vertices of the input primitive is
    defined in the OpenGL or Vulkan API Specifications.  No interpolated
    per-fragment values are available for inputs qualified with
    "pervertexNV".  For variables qualified with "pervertexNV", it is a
    compile-time error to also qualify the variable with either "centroid" or
    "sample".


    Modify Section 4.5.1, Redeclaring Built-In Interpolation Variables in the
    Compatibility Profile, p. 84

    (modify the first paragraph of the section to prohibit the use of
     "pervertexNV" on built-ins)

     The following predeclared variables can be redeclared with an
     interpolation qualifier other than "pervertexNV" when using the
     compatibility profile:
     ...


    Modify Section 7.1, Built-In Language Variables, p. 122

    (modify the list of fragment built-ins, p. 124)

    In the fragment, language, built-in variables are intrinsically declared
    as:

      ...
      in vec3 gl_BaryCoordNV;
      in vec3 gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV;

    (add description of the new built-ins to the list of descriptions, before
     gl_PerVertex, p. 131)

    The built-in fragment shader input variables gl_BaryCoordNV and
    gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV are three-component vectors providing barycentric
    coordinates for the fragment.  The values for these built-ins are derived
    as described in the OpenGL or Vulkan API Specifications.


Modifications to the OpenGL ES Shading Language Specification, Version 3.20.5

    Incorporate all applicable modifications to the OpenGL Shading Language
    Specification, Version 4.60 above.


    Modify Section 4.3.4, Input Variables, P. 44

    (modify the fragment shader input restrictions, p. 46)

    It is a compile-time error to declare a fragment shader input with, or that
    contains, any of the following types:

      * A boolean type
      * An opaque type
      * An array of arrays (unless the input has a "pervertexNV" qualifier)
      * An array of structures (unless the input has a "pervertexNV" qualifier)
      * A structure containing an array
      * A structure containing a structure

    A fragment shader input declared with a pervertexNV qualifier must be an
    array.  The contained type of the array must not be any of the types listed
    above.

    Fragment shader inputs that are, or contain, integral types must be
    qualified with the interpolation qualifier "flat", or with the
    interpolation qualifier "pervertexNV".


    Modify Section 9.2.1, Linked Shaders, p. 160

    (modify the "Interpolation" row in the table, p. 160)

    Qualifier      Qualifier    in/out  Default   uniform Block  buffer Block
    Class                               Uniforms
    -------------  -----------  ------  --------  -------------  ------------
    Interpolation  smooth       Yes     N/A       N/A            N/A
                   flat
                   -----------  ------  --------  -------------  ------------
                   pervertexNV  No      N/A       N/A            N/A


    Modify Section 9.2.2, Separable Programs, p. 161

    (modify the "Interpolation" row in the table, p. 161)

    Qualifier Class  Qualifier    in/out
    ---------------  -----------  ------
    Interpolation    smooth       Yes
                     flat
                     -----------  ------
                     pervertexNV  No


Issues

    (1) The AMD_shader_explicit_vertex_parameter extension provides similar
        functionality.   Why write a new extension, and how is this extension
        different?

      RESOLVED:  We chose to implement a separate extension for several
      reasons:

      - The NVIDIA hardware supporting this extension is capable of providing
        a three-component barycentric weight vector, while the AMD extension
        provides only two components.  In some cases, it may be more efficient
        to explicitly interpolate an attribute via:

          float value = (gl_BaryCoordNV.x * v[0].attrib +
                         gl_BaryCoordNV.y * v[1].attrib +
                         gl_BaryCoordNV.z * v[2].attrib);

        instead of

          float value = (gl_BaryCoordNV.x * (v[0].attrib - v[2].attrib) +
                         gl_BaryCoordNV.y * (v[1].attrib - v[2].attrib) +
                         v[2].attrib);

      - The built-in gl_BaryCoordPullModelAMD does not appear to map to
        anything supported NVIDIA hardware, so we would likely be unable to
        support the AMD extension as written.

      This extension has several other functional differences from the AMD
      extension:

      - This extension does not provide extra "Centroid" and "Sample" variants
        of the gl_BaryCoord* built-in inputs.  Equivalent values can be
        obtained using built-in interpolation functions like:

          vec3 bcCentroid = interpolateAtCentroid(gl_BaryCoordNV);
          vec3 bcNoPerspSample = interpolateAtSample(gl_BaryCoordNoPerspNV);

      - Attributes that can be explicitly fetched per-vertex instead of
        interpolated are identified with the qualifier "pervertexNV".  The
        AMD extension uses "__explicitInterpAMD".  In both extensions,
        attributes that can be fetched this way do not have interpolated
        per-fragment values.

      - Attributes that can be explicitly fetched per-vertex instead of
        interpolated are declared as "arrayed" inputs or interface blocks, and
        are accessed using the vertex number as the first index.  This syntax
        is identical to that used to access per-vertex attributes in the
        multi-vertex input primitives used for tessellation control,
        tessellation evaluation, and geometry shaders.  In the AMD extension,
        per-vertex attributes are fetched using the built-in
        interpolateAtVertexAMD().

      - The vertex number used to fetch attributes is not required to be
        constant, but fetches using a constant vertex numbers are preferred
        when possible.

    (2) Should we support "pervertexNV" on compatibility profile built-in
        inputs like gl_FrontColor?

      RESOLVED:  No, "pervertexNV" will be allowed only on user-defined
      inputs.

    (3) Will the three barycentric weights always sum to exactly 1.0?

      RESOLVED:  No, there may be some small mathematical error in computing
      the weights.  The mathematical error should have roughly the same
      relative magnitude as occurs when interpolating normal attributes.

    (4) Can barycentric weights ever be outside the range [0.0, 1.0]?

      RESOLVED:  Yes, if the barycentric weights are sourced at a fragment
      location not contained within the original primitive, barycentric
      weights can be out of bounds.  Additionally, minor rounding error from
      interpolating barycentric weights can lead to out-of-bounds values.

    (5) Will barycentric interpolation using gl_BaryCoordNV and per-vertex
        fragment shader inputs produce results identical to conventional
        fixed-function interpolation?

      RESOLVED:  While the inputs used for conventional interpolation and
      barycentric interpolation in the fragment shader may be the same, the
      order of the operations performed may be different.  This can lead to
      small differences due to rounding error.

    (6) What functionality does this extension enable besides fragment shader
        code that explicitly interpolates between values written as outputs in
        a vertex, tessellation, or geometry shader?

      RESOLVED:  This programming model allows applications to explicitly
      interpolate per-vertex values stored in a SSBO (shader storage block) or
      other globally accessible memory without requiring that the values be
      fetched from a vertex array and passed through a vertex shader or other
      shader stage.  In this model, the fragment shader interpolation logic
      only needs access to the vertex IDs for the vertices of the primitives
      being processed.

      Additionally, this model allows fragment shaders to reconstruct
      per-fragment attributes by processes other than linear interpolation.
      For example, a fragment shader could look at the barycentric weights to
      determine if a fragment is near the edge of a primitive and use a
      different interpolation algorithm depending on the fragment's location.

    (7) Could barycentric functionality be implemented in GLSL without this
    extension?

      RESOLVED:  Yes, this functionality could be emulated with a geometry
      shader.  However, this approach would have a significant cost in terms
      of both shader execution time (running a geometry shader that would
      otherwise not be needed) and attribute bandwidth.  For example, an
      application could insert a geometry shader like this:

        layout(triangles) in;
        layout(triangle_strip, max_vertices=3) out;
        in Block {
          vec2 attr1;
          float attr2;
          float attr3;
        } v[];
        out vec3 barycoord;
        noperspective out vec3 barynopersp;
        flat out vec2 outattr1[3];      // sourced per-vertex in FS
        flat out float outattr2[3];     // sourced per-vertex in FS
        out float attr3;                // interpolated

        void main()
        {
          for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

            // Pass through position and any other interpolated attributes.
            gl_Position = gl_in[i].gl_Position;
            attr3 = v[i].attr3;

            // Write out barycentric values that could be interpolated over
            // the primitive to emulate gl_BaryCoord*NV.
            barycoord = barynopersp =
              vec3((i == 0) ? 1.0 : 0.0, (i == 1) ? 1.0 : 0.0,
                   (i == 2) ? 1.0 : 0.0);

            // For each attribute to be fetched using raw per-vertex values,
            // we need to pass through three separate per-vertex flat
            // attributes so the fragment shader can fetch from any of the
            // three vertices.  This effectively triples the number of
            // per-vertex outputs for each attribute we want to source this
            // way.
            for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
              outattr1[j] = v[j].attr1;
              outattr2[j] = v[j].attr2;
            }

            // Finally, emit the vertex.
            emitVertex();
          }
        }

      The fragment shader could then use <barycoord> and <barynopersp> for
      barycentric weights, and could fetch per-vertex values from the arrays
      <outattr1> and <outattr2>.

    (8) How should we qualify fragment shader input variables to indicate that
        they can be read as per-vertex values?

      RESOLVED:  We will add a new interpolation qualifier named
      "pervertexNV".

      The initial draft of this extension was written using the name
      "nointerpolateNV".  This was intended to indicate that inputs would not
      be interpolated, but instead sourced per-vertex.  This seemed like a
      good name for an interpolation qualifier, and was also consistent with
      the existing "noperspective" qualifier.  However, HLSL for Direct3D
      already has a qualfier "nointerpolation" which is equivalent to the GLSL
      "flat" qualifier.  To avoid possible confusion, we chose not to use a
      qualifier whose name is similar to the HLSL qualifier but whose meaning
      is completely different.

      We considered using a layout qualifier "layout(pervertexNV)" instead of
      a raw interpolation qualifier, but chose to use regular qualifiers to be
      consistent with other existing interpolation qualifiers.

      Unlike the AMD extension, the final version of this extension does not
      use a double underscore prefix on the qualifier keyword.  The use of
      underscores was presumably to avoid the (unlikely) possibility of
      breaking existing shaders using identifiers like "pervertexNV".  Because
      GLSL reserves identifiers beginning with underscores, it's not legal to
      have a (colliding) variable name starting with "__".  However, this set
      of identifiers is "reserved for use by underlying software layers"
      (i.e., shader middleware) and not shading language extensions.

Revision History

    Revision 3, 2019/04/08 (mchock)
    - Add modifications specific to ESSL.

    Revision 2, 2018/09/11 (pbrown)
    - Prepare the extension spec for publication.

    Revision 1
    - Internal revisions.