Additive Manufacturing for Maintenance Operations Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/ammo/ont/0.6.0
imports: sio-subset-labels.owl
imports: time
imports: geo.ttl
imports: prov-o
abstract: Ontology in support of additive manufacturing for maintenance operations developed as part of the America Makes Additive With Knowledge project by SimbaChain and the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing, Laboratory for Assured AI Applications Development (LA3D).
contributor: Christopher Sweet
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Notre Dame
contributor: Donald Brower
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Notre Dame
contributor: Matthew Welz
  type: Person
  affiliation: Simbachain Inc
contributor: Kirsten Stor
  type: Person
  affiliation: Simbachain Inc
created: 2022-02-15
creator: Charles F. Vardeman II
  type: Person
  affiliation: University of Notre Dame
description: The AMMO Ontology has been support the use of additive manufacturing for the production of parts in maintenance operations. Contributions and Discussion Welcomed. Ontology Versions 0.0.1 to 0.5.0 Funded by United States Army, America Makes Ontology Versions 0.5.0 to 0.6.0 Funded by United States Air Force, America Makes Changelog: 0.5.0: First Development Release. Extracted mereology and core patterns from Semantic Science Integrated Ontology (SIO). Implimented Material Transformation Pattern as a Processs. Defined lightweight vocabulary for Additive Manufacturing Processes as Material Transformations. 0.5.1: Changed documentation genration from Pylode to Widoco. Minor typo fixes. 0.6.0: Changed to direct import of SIO ontology to improve integration with Wikidata and NIST Material Genome Project. Removal of duplicate classes extracted from SIO as part of 0.5.0 release. Addition and refinement of Material Processing techniques derived from Material Genome Project Nanomine. Github: https://github.com/LA3D/ammo
license: CC-BY-4.0
modified: 2022-07-27
publisher: Center for Research Computing, University of Notre Dame
publisher: Simba Chain
rights: This vocabulary is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
status: Work In Progress
preferred namespace prefix: ammo
preferred namespace uri: http://w3id.org/ammo/ont/
prior version: https://w3id.org/ammo/ont/0.5.0
version info: 0.6.0
change note: 0.5.0 - intial release of development version of ontology
change note: 0.6.0 - Direct import of SIO ontology and removal of classes extracted from SIO
license: https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0
type: NamedIndividual
type: Product or material produced
was generated by: Additive with Knowledge (AWK)
  type: Project
  type: Activity
  was informed by: Additive with Knowledge (AWK) United States Air Force
    type: Activity
    ended at time: 2022-12-31T00:00:00+00:00
    started at time: 2022-07-01T00:00:00+00:00
    note: Versions 0.5.0 to 0.6.0 were developed under this activity
    funder: Q11223
  was informed by: Additive with Knowledge (AWK) United States Army
    type: Activity
    ended at time: 2021-11-01T00:00:00+00:00
    started at time: 2021-11-01T00:00:00+00:00
    note: Versions 0.1.0 to version 0.5.0 were developed under this activity
    funder: Q9212
  repository: ammo

comprises
type: ObjectProperty

describes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Material Artifact Design
range: Component

designSpecifcationType
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Design Specification
range: Design Specification Type

has base material
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Material
range: base material

hasCatalyst
type: ObjectProperty

has component
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Designed Physical System
range: Designed Component

has dataset
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Material Artifact Design
range: Design Dataset

hasInput
type: ObjectProperty

hasMaterial
type: ObjectProperty
domain: MaterialDesignSpecification
range: Material

hasOutput
type: ObjectProperty

has proper part
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Material Artifact Design
range: Design Specification

is component of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has component
domain: Designed Component
range: Designed Physical System

is comprised of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: comprises

is described by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: describes
domain: Component
range: Material Artifact Design

is specified by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Component
range: Design Specification

made from material
type: ObjectProperty

occursInNeighborhood
type: ObjectProperty

ofQuantity
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Quantity Design Specification
range: Quantity

specifies
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is specified by
domain: Design Specification
range: Component

Additive Manufacturing Process
type: Class
subclass of: Material Transformation
alternative label: 3D Printing Process
note: There is some cleanup in wikidata, Q360931 is subclass of manufacturing process, Q30592743 is subclass of production process

alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Material
definition: mixture or metallic solid solution composed of two or more elements

base material
type: Class
subclass of: Material
definition: A material from which other materials are derived

Continuous Liquid Interface Production
type: Class
subclass of: Light Polymerized
alternative label: Continuous Liquid Interphase Printing
note: Wikidata has the wrong subclass of additive manufacturing vs additive manufacturing process

Catalyst
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Input
  intersection of: Output
definition: a person or thing that causes a change

composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Material
definition: material made from a combination of two or more unlike substances

Composite Material Fabrication
type: Class
subclass of: Material Extrusion
alternative label: CFF

Directed Energy Deposition
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Fed Process

Design Dataset
type: Class
subclass of: Dataset
definition: A collection of data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.

Design Specification
type: Class
subclass of: DesignSpecification
comment: A design specification is a detailed document that sets out exaclty what a product or a process should present.
was quoted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_specification

Design Specification Type
type: Class
comment: Hook for vocabulary that describes the specification entity

Designed Artifact
type: Class
subclass of: Material Artifact
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is described by
  some values from: Material Artifact Design
extracted from: SystemsLite.owl
definition: A PhysicalArtifact that is also described by a Design. This excludes simple recycling or refunctionalization of natural objects. Most common sense 'artifacts' can be included in this class: cars, lamps, houses, chips, etc.
note: Designed Artifact is extracted from DOLCE Ultra Lite Systems Lite

Designed Component
type: Class
subclass of: Designed Artifact

Designed Physical System
type: Class
subclass of: Material Artifact
subclass of: Physical System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is described by
  some values from: System Design
extracted from: SystemsLite.owl

Digital Light Processing
type: Class
subclass of: Light Polymerized
definition: DLP (Digital Light Processing) is a 3D printing technology used to rapidly produce photopolymer parts. It’s very similar to SLA with one significant difference -- where SLA machines use a laser that traces a layer, a DLP machine uses a projected light source to cure the entire layer at once. The part is formed layer by layer.
note: Wikidata has a misdirection to Digital Light Processing Display not a printing process
was quoted from: https://markforged.com/resources/learn/3d-printing-basics/3d-printing-processes/what-is-digital-light-processing-dlp

Electron-beam freeform fabrication
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Extreme High-Speed Laser Cladding
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Fed Process

Electron-beam additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Bed

Fused filament fabrication
type: Class
subclass of: Material Extrusion
alternative label: Fused deposition modeling

Input
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialEntity

Laminated Object Manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: Laminated Process

Laminated Process
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Light Polymerized
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Material
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialEntity
extracted from: Submissions:Material Transformation
comment: Substance that can occur in different amounts, all with some similar [mixture of some] characteristics, and of which objects can be made up
was quoted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material

Material Artifact
type: Class
subclass of: SpecializedMaterialEntity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is described by
  some values from: Plan
extracted from: SystemsLite.owl
definition: Any MaterialObject that isDescribedBy a Plan . This axiomatization is weak, but allows to talk of artifacts in a very general sense, i.e. including recycled objects, objects with an intentional functional change, natural objects that are given a certain function, even though they are not modified or structurally designed, etc. PhysicalArtifact(s) are not considered disjoint from PhysicalBody(s), in order to allow a dual classification when needed. E.g., FunctionalSubstance(s) are included here as well. Immaterial (non-physical) artifacts (e.g. texts, ideas, cultural movements, corporations, communities, etc. can be modelled as social objects (see SocialObject), which are all 'artifactual' in the weak sense assumed here.

Material Artifact Design
type: Class
subclass of: Design
comment: From DUL: A Description of the Situation, in terms of structure and function, held by an Entity for some reason. A design is usually accompanied by the rationales behind the construction of the designed Entity (i.e. of the reasons why a design is claimed to be as such). For example, the actual design (a Situation) of a car or of a law is based on both the specification (a Description) of the structure, and the rationales used to construct cars or laws. While designs typically describe entities to be constructed, they can also be used to describe 'refunctionalized' entities, or to hypothesize unknown functions. For example, a cradle can be refunctionalized as a flowerpot based on a certain home design.
definition: A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or process.
was quoted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design

Material Extrusion
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Material Transformation
type: Class
subclass of: resource
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasInput
  some values from: Input
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasOutput
  some values from: Output
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occursDuring
  some values from: Interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occursInNeighborhood
  some values from: Neighborhood
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: existsAt
  all values from: Interval
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasCatalyst
  all values from: Catalyst
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasInput
  all values from: Input
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: hasOutput
  all values from: Output
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occursInNeighborhood
  all values from: Neighborhood
comment: A material transformation is a process that transforms material objects another.

Neighborhood
type: Class
subclass of: SpatialRegion
subclass of: SpatialObject

Output
type: Class
subclass of: Material Artifact

Powder bed and inkjet head 3D printing
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Bed

Physical System
type: Class
subclass of: MaterialEntity
extracted from: SystemsLite.owl
definition: A physical object that isDescribedBy a SystemDesign . I.e., analytically: a 'natural' system whose constituents or parts are physical objects that are members of a Collection that isUnifiedBy a SystemDesign . Notice that such SystemDesign is not necessarily bound to a SystemImplementationWorkflow, therefore it can be a reconstruction (or theory) about the structure and functions of a natural system.

Plan
type: Class
comment: A Description having an explicit Goal, to be achieved by executing the plan

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: Material
definition: substance composed of macromolecules with repeating structural units

Powder Bed
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Powder Fed Process
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

Quantity
type: Class
comment: Quantity ODP is derived directly from QUDT and equivalent.

Quantity Design Specification
type: Class
subclass of: Design Specification

Robocasting
type: Class
subclass of: Material Extrusion

Selective heat sintering
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Bed

Selective laser melting
type: Class
subclass of: Powder Bed
alternative label: Selective Laser Sintering
alternative label: direct metal laser sintering

Stereolithography
type: Class
subclass of: Light Polymerized
alternative label: SLA

System Design
type: Class
subclass of: Material Artifact Design
extracted from: SystemsLite.owl
comment: The description of a system from the design viewpoint: how it is structured, and the functions (tasks) that it should support. This may also include aesthetic functions and refunctionalizations.

Technique
type: Class
subclass of: Activity

Time Interval
type: Class

Wire Printing Process
type: Class
subclass of: Additive Manufacturing Process

ammo process module
type: NamedIndividual
type: Module
note: Module definitons for AM Processes

ammo materials module
type: NamedIndividual
type: Module
note: Module definitons for materials

ammo system module
type: NamedIndividual
type: Module
note: Module definitons for System

acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
type: NamedIndividual
type: polymer
alternative label: ABS

Aluminum
type: NamedIndividual
type: base material

Aluminum 3085
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Aluminum

355-T6
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Aluminum

Aluminum 6160
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Aluminum

Aluminum Powder
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
type: Material
has base material: Aluminum
label: Aluminum powder

GR 32510
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
alternative label: Malleable iron casting, Class 32510

GR 60-40-18
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
alternative label: ASTM A602 Grade M3210 Annealed

GR-M3210
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
alternative label: ASTM A602 Grade M3210 Annealed

GR-M32510
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
alternative label: ASTM A602 Grade M3210 Annealed

polylactic acid
type: NamedIndividual
type: polymer
alternative label: PLA

Stainless Steel
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy

Steel
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
type: base material

Steel 304
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Steel
alternative label: SAE 304 stainless steel

Steel 4130
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Steel
label: steel 4130
definition: family of steel grades rich in molybdenum and chromium
narrower: Q869869
note: Table on wikipedia has SAE Grades and material properties
was quoted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41xx_steel

Steel 4140H
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Steel
alternative label: SEA 4140

Steel cast A27
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Steel
alternative label: ASTM A27 Steel

ASTM A36 steel
type: NamedIndividual
type: alloy
has base material: Steel