Geospatial and Cartographic Resources Ontology: extension ontology for describing cartographic materials
Geospatial and Cartographic Resources Ontology is an extension ontology of the bibliotek-o BIBFRAME 2.0 extension ontology produced by the Linked Data for Libraries Cartographic Materials project for use in describing geospatial and cartographic resources
EPSG Code
EPSG Dataset Code
Atlases
Geographic atlases
Geographical atlases
A collection of maps designed to be kept (bound or loose) in a volume (LCGFT)
Cartographic models
Models, Cartographic
A general category which denotes any three-dimensional representation of an object or geographic area, modeled in any size or medium [not including globes]
Astronomical models
Models, Astronomical
Relief models
3-D topographic maps
3-D topographical maps
3D topographic maps
3D topographical maps
Raised relief models
Relief models, Raised
Terrain models
Three-dimensional topographic maps
Three-dimensional topographical maps
Topographic models
A map whose surface is shaped to represent the topography in a region. Also called a terrain model (LCGFT)
Cartographic profiles
Profiles
Profiles, Cartographic
A scale representation of the intersection of a vertical surface (which may or may not be a plane) with the surface of the ground, or of the intersection of such a vertical surface with that of a conceptual three-dimensional model representing phenomena having a continuous distribution (e.g. rainfall). The vertical scale is often exaggerated. (AACR2 mod.)
Cartographic sections
Sections, Cartographic
A scale representation of a vertical surface (commonly a plane) displaying both the profile where it intersects the surface of the ground, or some conceptual model, and the underlying structures along the plane of intersection (e.g. a geologic section) (AACR2 mod.)
Geological cross-sections
Cross-sections, Geological
A diagram or drawing that shows features transected by a given plane; specif. a vertical section drawn at right angles to the longer axis of a geologic feature, such as as the trend of an orebody, the mean direction of flow of a stream, or the axis of a fossil (LCGFT)
Cartographic views
Views, Cartographic
A perspective representation of cities or landscapes
Aerial views
Bird's-eye views
Overhead views
Views, Aerial
Views, Bird's-eye
Representations of cities or landscapes portrayed as if viewed from above (LCGFT)
Panoramas
A perspective representation of the landscape in which the detail is shown as if projected onto a vertical plane or onto the insides of a cylinder centered vertically on the observer (Ency. Dict. of Cart.)
Worm's-eye views
Views, Worm's-eye
Representations of cities or landscapes portrayed as if viewed from a very low viewpoint (LCGFT)
Digital cartographic resources
Digital cartographic resource
Scanned cartographic resources
Scanned maps
An analog resources that has been scanned for digital viewing as a static/non-interactive image
Static digital cartographic resources
Born-digital cartographic resource that is static
Interactive digital cartographic resources
Born-digital cartographic resource that is interactive
Ephemerides
Ephemeris plural ephemerides: a tabular statement of the assigned places of a celestial body for regular intervals. Table of the positions of celestial bodies at regular intervals, often with supplementary information. Constructed as early as the 4th century BC, ephemerides are still essential to astronomers and navigators. Modern ephemerides are calculated, with heavy computing and careful checking, after a mathematical description of a heavenly body's observed motion has been evolved. Various national ephemerides are published regularly; the U.S. ephemeris, first published in 1852, became the best and is now published jointly with the U.K. as The Astronomical Almanac (LCGFT)
Gazetteers
Dictionaries, Geographical (Gazetteers)
Geographic dictionaries (Gazetteers)
Geographic indexes (Gazetteers)
Geographical dictionaries (Gazetteers)
Geographical indexes (Gazetteers)
Indexes, Geographical (Gazetteers)
A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or directory, an important reference for information about places and place names, used in conjunction with a map or a full atlas. It typically contains information concerning the geographical makeup of a country, region, or continent as well as the social statistics and physical features, such as mountains, waterways, or roads (LCGFT)
Geospatial digital data
Digital geospatial data
Vector data
Vector maps
A data structure used to represent linear geographic features. Features are made of ordered lists of x, y or x, y, z coordinates and are represented by points, lines, or polygons; points connect to become lines, and lines connect to become polygons. Attributes are associated with each feature (LCGFT)
Raster data
Raster maps
Data that are based on a cellular grid structure composed of rows and columns (a raster). Each grid cell or pixel is referenced by an x, y coordinate and is stored as an identifier to which additional attributes may be attached. Groups of cells with the same value represent map features (LCGFT)
Georeferenced cartographic resources
A scanned, paper map or cartographic resource that has been fit to real world coordinates using a GIS and is enabled for spatial display in a digital environment
Geospatial databases
Digital geographical databases
GDBs (Geodatabases)
Geographic databases
Geographic information databases
Geographic information system databases
Geographic information systems databases
Geographical databases
Geographical information system databases
Geographical information systems databases
GIS databases
GIS geodatabases
A database with geospatial data
Globes
A spherical representation of the earth, a celestial body, or the heavens (LCGFT)
Celestial globes
Globes, Celestial
A spherical representation of a celestial body, or the heavens
Terrestrial globes
Globes, Terrestrial
A spherical representation of the earth
Maps
Charts (Cartography)
Plans (Maps)
A graphic representation, usually on a plane surface and at an established scale, of natural and manmade features on or under the surface of the earth or other planetary body. The features are positioned as accurately as possible, usually relative to a coordinate reference system. Also, a graphic representation of a part or the whole of the celestial sphere) physical map (LCGFT)
Aeronautical charts
Navigational charts
Maps giving information intended for use in air navigation, such as compass rose, isogonic lines, location of landing fields, beacons, hazards to air navigation, etc. (LCGFT)
Bottle-charts
A chart of ocean surface currents to show the track of sealed bottles thrown from ships into the sea (LCGFT)
Cadastral maps
Plan diagrams
Plan maps
Plat books
Plat diagrams
Plot diagrams
Plot maps
Property maps
Protraction maps
A map showing the boundaries of subdivisions of land, usually with the bearings and lengths thereof and the areas of individual tracts, for purposes of describing and recording ownership. A cadastral map may also show culture, drainage, and other features affecting the value and use of the land; also known as property map (LCGFT)
Celestial charts
A map of representation of the celestial sphere, or of some part thereof (LCGFT)
Comparative maps
Comparative area maps
A map comparing the relative size of two or more geographic areas
Early maps
Generally refers to maps created before 1801
Ethnographic maps
Anthropological maps
Ethnographical maps
Ethnological maps
Maps relating to ethnology, anthropology, and the diversity of humanity and human culture in general (Wikimedia Commons mod.)
Fire insurance maps
Fire insurance risk maps
Risk maps, Fire insurance
Sanborn fire insurance maps
Sanborn maps
Maps intended for use in calculating fire insurance risks prepared primarily for the use of fire insurance underwriters, which show detailed, accurate, and up-to-date information on potential fire hazards and risks for individual residences and commercial and industrial installations in urban and suburban areas. Information shown includes the type of interior and exterior construction material, dimensions, and heights of buildings, block, lot and building numbers, occupancy of buildings, and such fire protection facilities as watermains, fire hydrants, and fire alarm boxes (LCGFT)
Flow maps
Cartograms, Linear
Dynamic maps
Flow line maps
Line maps, Flow
Linear cartograms
Flow maps in cartography are by definition of Phan (2005) "a mix of maps and flow charts, that show the movement of objects from one location to another, such as the number of people in a migration, the amount of goods being traded, or the number of packets in a network." Flow maps according to Harris (1999) "can be used to show movement of almost anything, including tangible things such as people, products, natural resources, weather, etc, as well as intangible things such as know-how, talent, credit of goodwill" (LCGFT)
Geological maps
Geologic maps
Geology maps
A map showing the structure and composition of the earth's crust (LCGFT)
Gores (Maps)
Globe gores
Triangular or lune-shaped segment that can be fitted to the surface of a sphere with little distortion or deformation (LCGFT)
Gravity anomaly maps
Gravity maps
Gravity anomaly maps depict the difference between theoretical computed gravity values and observed gravity values for a region of the earth's crust (LCGFT)
Index maps
Key maps
A map showing where to find collections of related data such as other maps, aerial photographs, statistical data, or descriptions of terrain. Also called a key map Index maps may be used to show references to the origin, place of deposit, or filing or other identifying characteristics of such data (LCGFT)
Manuscript maps
The original drawing of a map as compiled or constructed from various data such as ground surveys and photographs (LCGFT)
Mappae mundi
Mappa mundi
Mappamundi
Used for medieval (usually circular) world maps, made between the fall of the western Roman empire in the later years of the 5th century AD and the end of the 15th century (LCGFT)
Mental maps
A mental map can best be explained as a visual display, inside a person's head, showing where a person has traveled. A mental map shows what the person knows about the location and the uniqueness of a place. No mental map is alike. Every human has his or her own mental map (LCGFT)
Meteorological charts
A chart giving information about the weather (LCGFT)
Military maps
A map designed particularly for military use (LCGFT)
Mine maps
Maps recording mining activity, either specific mines or broader areas of mining. Maps can be topographic or cross-sectional in nature
Miniature maps
Generally, any map with a size of 150 square centimeters or less (MiniatureMaps.net mod.)
Nautical charts
Hydrographic charts
Navigation charts
Navigation maps
Pilot charts
A chart designed for use in navigating ships, boats, or other watercraft (LCGFT)
Outline maps
Base maps
A map showing just enough geographic information to permit the correct placement of additional details. Outline maps correspond to what were at one time known as base maps; they usually show only cast lines, principal rivers, major civil boundaries, and large cities. As much space as possible is left for placing the particular details or data desired. An outline map presents less detail than what is now known as a base map (LCGFT)
Photomaps
Orthophoto maps
Orthophotomaps
Photo maps
Photographic maps
A map made from assembling photographs and adding appropriate information such as a reference system, grid, labels, scale, and so forth (LCGFT)
Physical maps
A map representing the surface of the land or the floor of the oceans. In addition to representing the relief, physical maps show some natural phenomena such as oceanic currents, swamps, sands and deserts. Man-made structures or vegetation are not shown (LCGFT)
Pictorial maps
Maps that depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style, usually showing an area as if viewed from above at an oblique angle (Wikipedia, Pictorial Maps)
Portolan charts
A class of early coastal charts capable of navigational use which feature a network of interconnected lines (usually termed rhumb lines); place names written inland at right angles to the coast; drawn in ink on one or more skins following established color conventions; with coastlines shown in a general fashion with bays and headlines exaggerated and navigational hazards marked with crosses and dots (LCGFT)
Quadrangle maps
Quad maps
Quadrangular maps
Maps that cover a rectangular or nearly rectangular region defined by four specified points (LCGFT)
Remote-sensing maps
High-resolution topographic, bathymetric, or habitat maps created using remote-sensing applications which generate images by means of reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy (SWML mod.)
Road maps
Roadmaps
Street maps
A map, usually at medium or small scale, showing the roads in a region (LCGFT)
Statistical maps
Maps of residuals
Residuals, Maps of
A special type of map in which the variation in quantity of a factor such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated; a dot map is one type (Free Dictionary)
Stick charts
Charts made by Pacific Islanders generally made of narrow strips of the center ribs of palm fronds lashed together with cord made from locally grown fiber plants. The arrangements of the sticks indicates the pattern of swells and wave masses caused by winds, rather than of currents. The positions of islands are marked approximately by shells or coral (LCGFT)
Strip naps
A map (as for an aviator) showing only a narrow band of territory (as 500 miles long and ten miles wide (LCGFT)
Thematic maps
Chloropleth maps
Single-topic maps
Special-purpose maps
Topical maps
A map whose principal purpose is depicting information other than that about the Earth's physical surface. Also called a topical map. Among the kinds of information shown on thematic maps are density of population, kind or amount of crops grown, types of soil, amount of rainfall and administrative subdivisions (LCGFT)
Topographic maps
Hypsographic maps
Hypsometric maps
Relief maps
Topo maps
Topographical maps
A map showing the horizontal and vertical locations of the natural and man-made features represented. Also called a relief map. Uses numbered contour lines or comparable symbols to show mountains, valleys and plains; a map whose principle purpose is to portray and identify the natural and artificial features on the Earth's surface as faithfully as possible within the limitations imposed by scale (LCGFT)
Tourist maps
Maps designed for tourists (LCGFT)
Upside-down maps
Reversed maps
South-up maps
Upsidedown maps
Maps in which the orientation has been reversed and south appears at the top (LCGFT)
Wall maps
A map designed to be mounted or displayed on a wall, generally has devices on map to assist in hanging (LCGFT)
World maps
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of the Earth. World maps form a distinctive category of maps due to the problem of projection. Maps by necessity distort the presentation of the earth's surface. These distortions reach extremes in a world map. The many ways of projecting the earth reflect diverse technical and aesthetic goals for world maps (Wikipedia, World Maps)
Zoning maps
Zoning district maps
Zoning maps show the boundaries of zoning districts throughout the city (LCGFT)
Remote-sensing images
Images, Remote-sensing
Multispectral scanning images
Satellite images
Side-looking airborne radar images
SLAR images
Images of planetary surfaces created by means of reflected or emitted electromagnetic energy (LCGFT)
Aerial photographs
Photographs, Aerial
Any photograph taken from the air. When used in a cartographic context, this term normally refers to photographs of the surface of the Earth (or other celestial body) taken downwards, vertically, or at a predetermined angle from the vertical (LCGFT)
Horizontal scale
échelle des longueurs
escala horizontal
The ratio of distances on a map to the corresponding horizontal distance in nature (Ency. Dict. of Cart.)
Vertical scale
échelle des hauteurs
escala vertical
The ratio of vertical distances on Profiles, Sections, Block Diagrams or three-dimensional representations to the corresponding distances in nature (Ency. Dict. of Cart.)
Not drawn to scale
Used to describe a cartographic resource when it is not drawn to scale
Scale indeterminable
Used to describe a cartographic resource when an effort to determine the scale of a resource is impossible, for example, when there is a bar scale but no units of measurement are given (Cartographic Resources Manual)
Scale not determined
Use when scale is represented verbally or graphically in the material, but cannot be expressed as a representative fraction, e.g., because of lack of legibility or with unfamiliar units of measure (DCRM-C)
Scale not given
If no scale is found in the material (whether as a representative fraction, verbally, or graphically), give the statement "Scale not given" (DCRM-C)
Scales differ
Used to describe a cartographic resource in which the main maps, etc., are of more than one scale (Adapted from Cartographic Resources Manual)
Scale varies
A scale designation for a resource whose scale is variable across the resource, when the range of values cannot be determined (RDA). Used to describe one map/diagram/plan, etc. that is drawn on a variable scale
Scale accuracy
Scale source
Source of the map scale
Relief
Inequalities of elevation and the configuration of land features on the surface of the Earth that may be represented on maps or charts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading, spot elevations, or hachures (Cartographic Materials). Also encompasses the depiction or indication of underwater topography, or the depths and shapes of underwater terrain (NOAA)
Land relief
Inequalities of elevation and the configuration of land features on the surface of the Earth that may be represented on maps or charts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading, spot elevations, or hachures (Cartographic Materials)
Contours
Contour lines
Relief shown by contours (MARC21). A contour is a line joining points of equal vertical distance above or below a datum. Such a line on a map is a type of isoline (Cartographic Materials)
MARC Map format relief code: a
Shading
Relief shown by shading, generally of a single color (MARC21). Shading is a relief method that provides an apparent three-dimensional configuration of the terrain by the use of shadows (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: b
Gradient tints
Hypsometric tints
Altitude tints
Relief shown by gradient tints (MARC21). Gradient tints, also known as hypsometric or altitude tints, are colors applied to the area between two selected contours when relief is depicted by a system of layers (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: c
Hachures
Relief shown by hachures (MARC21). Hachures are short lines which follow the direction of maximum slope (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: d
Form lines
Formlines
Land relief shown by form lines (MARC21). Form lines, also called formlines, are lines, similar to contours, which depict the configuration of the ground without numerical indication of altitude (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: f
Spot heights
Relief shown by spot heights (MARC21). Spot Heights are points on a cartographic resource which represent the position of an indicated altitude (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: g
Pictorially
Land forms and other topographic features shown in the correct planimetric position by pictorial symbols representing their appearance from a high oblique view (MARC21). Pictorial relief is not truly physiographic but usually consists of generalized drawings of hills, mountains, and bluffs. It was widely used before 1800. (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: i
Land forms
Landform drawings
Relief shown by land forms (MARC21). Land form drawings are a method of relief that shows landforms by the systematic application of a standardized set of simplified pictorial symbols that represent the appearances such forms would have if viewed obliquely from the air at an angle of about 45º (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: j
Rock drawings
Relief shown by rock drawings (MARC21). Rock drawings are stylized representations of steep rock faces which cannot be portrayed by other methods of representing relief (Cartographic Resources Manual)
MARC Map format relief code: m
Water relief
The depiction or indication of underwater topography, or the depths and shapes of underwater terrain (NOAA)
Bathymetric tints
Underwater relief shown by bathymetric tints (MARC21). Bathymetric tints are colors applied to the area between two selected contours where relief is depicted by a system of layers, specifically as applied to the depiction of water depth (DCRM-C)
Bathymetric isolines
Underwater relief (depth) shown by isolines (lines that represent constant depths) (MARC21)
MARC Map format relief code: k
Bathymetric soundings
Bathymetry/soundings
Soundings
Sounding
Underwater depth shown by soundings (MARC21). A sounding is a measurement of the depth of water, usually expressed in feet or fathoms (Cartographic Materials)
MARC Map format relief code: e
Bathymetric form lines
Underwater relief shown by form lines (MARC21). These are also called formlines, which are lines, similar to contours, which depict the configuration of the underwater land without numerical indication of altitude (Adapted from Cartographic Resources Manual)
No relief shown
MARC Map format relief code: #
No land relief
No land relief shown
No water relief
No underwater relief shown
Other relief
None of the other defined codes are appropriate
MARC Map format relief code: z
No attempt to code
Relief not determined
MARC Map format relief code: ||||
Azimuthal projection
projection azimutale
proyección acimutal
In standard presentation, azimuthal projections map meridians as straight lines and parallels as complete, concentric circles. They are radially symmetrical. In any presentation (or aspect), they preserve directions from the center point. This means great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: a- (e.g. "aa," etc.)
Cylindrical projection
projection cylindrique
proyección cilíndrica
In standard presentation, these map regularly-spaced meridians to equally spaced vertical lines, and parallels to horizontal lines (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: b- (e.g. "ba," etc.)
Conical projection
projection conique
proyección cónica
Conic projection
In standard presentation, conic (or conical) projections map meridians as straight lines, and parallels as arcs of circles (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: c- (e.g. "ca," etc.)
Unclassified projection
Named projections that are not azimuthal, cylindrical, or conic
MARC Map format projection code: d- (e.g. "da," etc.)
Other projection
None of the other named projections are appropriate (MARC 21)
MARC Map format projection code: zz
Projection not specified
Used for most globes (MARC 21)
MARC Map format projection code: ##
No attempt to assign a projection to the resource
MARC Map format projection code: ||
Aitoff
transformation d’Aitoff appliqué à la projection méridienne de G. Postel
proyección de Aitoff
Aitoff's projection
Stretching of modified equatorial azimuthal equidistant map. Boundary is 2:1 ellipse. Largely superseded by Hammer (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: aa
Gnomonic
projection gnomonique
proyección gnomónica
Gnomic
All great circles are straight lines (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: ab
Lambert's azimuthal equal area
projection de Lorgna
proyección acimutal equivalente de Lambert
Lambert azimuthal equal-area
Lambert zenithal equal-area
projection azimutale équivalente de Lambert
The straight-line distance between the central point on the map to any other point is the same as the straight-line 3D distance through the globe between the two points (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: ac
Orthographic
projection orthographique
proyección ortográfica
Orthogonal map projection
View from an infinite distance (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). A perspective azimuthal projection (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: ad
Azimuthal equidistant
projection de Guillaume Postel
proyección acimutal equidistante de Postel
Postel’s projection
projection zénithale équidistante
Distances from centre are conserved. Used as the emblem of the United Nations, extending to 60° S. (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). Used by the USGS in the National Atlas of the United States of America. Neither equal-area nor conformal (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: ae
Stereographic
projection stéréographique
proyección estereográfica
Azimuthal orthomorphic map projection
Map is infinite in extent with outer hemisphere inflating severely, so it is often used as two hemispheres. Maps all small circles to circles, which is useful for planetary mapping to preserve the shapes of craters (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: af
General vertical near-sided
MARC Map format projection code: ag
Modified stereographic for Alaska
MARC Map format projection code: am
Chamberlin trimetric
A map projection where three points are fixed on the globe and the points on the sphere are mapped onto a plane by triangulation. The Chamberlin trimetric projection is neither conformal nor equal-area. Rather, the projection was conceived to minimize distortion of distances everywhere with the side-effect of balancing between areal equivalence and conformality. This projection is not appropriate for mapping the entire sphere because the outer boundary would loop and overlap itself in most configurations (Wikipedia, Chamberlin Trimetric)
MARC Map format projection code: an
Polar stereographic
Universal polar stereographic (UPS)
The universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinate system is used in conjunction with the universal transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system to locate positions on the surface of the earth. Like the UTM coordinate system, the UPS coordinate system uses a metric-based cartesian grid laid out on a conformally projected surface (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: ap
Azimuthal, specific type unknown
Only the projection type (azimuthal) is known, not the specific projection (MARC21). In standard presentation, azimuthal projections map meridians as straight lines and parallels as complete, concentric circles. They are radially symmetrical. In any presentation (or aspect), they preserve directions from the center point. This means great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: au
Azimuthal, other
Azimuthal projection for which none of the other defined codes are appropriate
MARC Map format projection code: az
Gall
proyecciones de Gall
Gall stereographic
(Similar to Braun). Intended to resemble the Mercator while also displaying the poles. Standard parallels at 45°N/S. Braun is horizontally stretched version with scale correct at equator (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: ba
Gall-Peters
Gall orthographic
Peters
Horizontally compressed version of the Lambert equal-area. Standard parallels at 45°N/S. Aspect ratio of ~1.6. Similar is Balthasart projection with standard parallels at 50°N/S (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
Not included in MARC21
Goode's homolographic
projection homalographique de Goode
proyección homalográfica
Goode's homalographic
Goode homolosine
Hybrid of Sinusoidal and Mollweide projections. Usually used in interrupted form (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bb
Lambert's cylindrical equal area
projection cylindrique équivalente de Lambert
proyección cilíndrica de Lambert
Lambert cylindrical equal area
projection isocylindrique
proyección isocilíndrica
Standard parallel at the equator. Aspect ratio of π (3.14). Base projection of the cylindrical equal-area family (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bc
Mercator
projection de Mercator
proyección conforme de Mercator
Equatorial cylindrical orthomorphic map projection
Lines of constant bearing (rhumb lines) are straight, aiding navigation. Areas inflate with latitude, becoming so extreme that the map cannot show the poles (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). The equator is represented by a straight line true to scale; the geographic meridians are represented by parallel straight lines perpendicular to the line representing the equator; they are spaced according to their distance apart at the equator (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: bd
Miller
projections cylindriques de Miller
proyecciones cilíndricas de Miller
Miller’s cylindrical projections
Intended to resemble the Mercator while also displaying the poles (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: be
Mollweide
projection de Mollweide
proyección de Mollweide
Elliptical
Babinet
Homolographic
Mollweide homolographic map projection
projection homalographique de Babinet
Meridians are ellipses (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). Central meridian is represented by a straight line, and the meridian 90 degrees from the center is shown as a full circle (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: bf
Sinusoidal
projection sinusoïdale de Sanson ou de Flamsteed
proyección sinusoidal de Sanson o de Flamsteed
Sanson-Flamsteed
Mercator equal-area
Meridians are sinusoids; parallels are equally spaced. Aspect ratio of 2:1. Distances along parallels are conserved (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bg
Transverse Mercator
projection de Mercator transverse
proyección Mercator transversa
projection cylindrique conforme de Lambert
projection de Gauss
projection de Gauss-Krüger
projection de Gauss-Schreiber
projection de Gauss-Boaga
proyección de Gauss-Krüger
This transverse, ellipsoidal form of the Mercator is finite, unlike the equatorial Mercator. Forms the basis of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bh
Gauss-Kruger
MARC Map format projection code: bi
Equirectangular
projection des cartes plates carrées
proyección plana cuadrada
Equidistant cylindrical
Rectangular
Cylindrical equidistant
la carte parallélogrammatique
plate carrée
cylindrique équidistante carrée
Simplest geometry; distances along meridians are conserved. Plate carrée: special case having the equator as the standard parallel (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bj
Cassini-Soldner
projection de Cassini
proyección de Cassini
Cassini
projection des cartes plates carrées transverses
projection de Soldner
coordonnées orthogonales de Hatt
proyección de mapas planos
Transverse of equidistant projection; distances along central meridian are conserved. Distances perpendicular to central meridian are preserved (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bl
Oblique Mercator
Oblique cylindrical orthomorphic projection
Points on the surface of a sphere or spheroid are conceived as developed by Mercator principles on a cylindrical tangent along an oblique great circle (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: bo
Robinson
Computed by interpolation of tabulated values. Used by Rand McNally since inception and used by NGS 1988–98 (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: br
Space oblique Mercator
The space-oblique Mercator projection provides continual conformal mapping of the swath sensed by a satellite. Scale is true along the ground track, varying 0.01 percent within the normal sensing range of the satellite. Conformality is correct within a few parts per million for the sensing range. Distortion is essentially constant along lines of constant distance parallel to the ground track. SOM is the only projection presented that takes the rotation of Earth into account (Wikipedia, Space-oblique Mercator projection)
MARC Map format projection code: bs
Cylindrical, specific type unknown
Only the projection type (cylindrical) is known, not the specific projection (MARC21). In standard presentation, these map regularly-spaced meridians to equally spaced vertical lines, and parallels to horizontal lines (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). A map projection produced by projecting the geographic meridians and parallels onto a cylinder which is tangent to (or intersects) the surface of a sphere, and then developing the cylinder into a plane (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: bu
Cylindrical, other
Cylindrical projection for which none of the other defined codes are appropriate (MARC21)
MARC Map format projection code: bz
Albers equal area
projection conique équivalente d'Albers
proyección cónica secante equivalente de Albers
Albers conic
Albers conical equal-area map projection
projection d’Albers
tronconique équivalente
Two standard parallels with low distortion between them (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). The meridians are straight lines that meet in a common point beyond the limits of the map, and the parallels are concentric circles whose center is at the point of intersection of the meridians (Dict. of Mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: ca
Bonne
Bonne’s projection
projection de Bonne
projection dite de Bonne
projection du Dépôt de la Guerre
projection de la Carte de France
projection de Flamsteed modifiée
proyección de Bonne
Parallels are equally spaced circular arcs and standard lines. Appearance depends on reference parallel. General case of both Werner and sinusoidal (Wikipedia List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: cb
Krovak
Křovák's projection
The projection is based on Bessel ellipsoid and it was made for the best projection of Czechoslovakia. It is used for State maps of the Czech Republic (Wikipedia, Křovák's projection)
MARC Map format projection code: bk; classed in MARC21 as a cylindrical projection
Lambert's conformal conic
Lambert conformal conic
Conformal conical projection with one standard parallel (Lambert)
Conformal conical projection with two standard parallels (Lambert)
projection conique conforme de Lambert (projection à cône tangent)
projection conique conforme de Lambert (projection à cône sécant)
proyección cónica tangente conforme de Lambert
proyección cónica secante conforme de Lambert
All geographic meridians are represented by straight lines which meet in a common point outside the limits of the map, and the geographic parallels are represented by a series of arcs of circles having this common point for a center (Dict. of Mapping). Used in aviation charts (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: cc
Equidistant conic
Simple conic
Distances along meridians are conserved, as is distance along one or two standard parallels (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: ce
Polyconic
A map projection having the central geographic meridian represented by a straight line, along which the spacing for lines representing the geographic parallels is proportional to the distances between the parallels: the parallels are represented by arcs of circles which are not concentric, but whose centers lie on the line representing the central meridian, and whose radii are determined by the lengths of the elements of cones which are tangent along the parallels. All meridians except the central ones are curved. The projection is neither conformal nor equal area, but it has been widely used for maps of small areas because of the ease with which it can be constructed (Dict. of mapping)
MARC Map format projection code: cp
Conic, specific type unknown
Tangent conical map projection
Only the projection type (conic) is known, not the specific projection (MARC21). A map projection produced by projecting the geographic meridians and parallels onto a cone which is tangent to (or intersects) the surface of a sphere, and then developing the cone into a plane (Dict. of mapping). In standard presentation, conic (or conical) projections map meridians as straight lines, and parallels as arcs of circles (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections).
MARC Map format projection code: cu
Conic, other
Conic projection for which none of the other defined codes are appropriate (MARC21)
MARC Map format projection code: cz
Armadillo
proyección en forma de armadillo
A map projection used for world maps. It is neither conformal nor equal-area but instead affords a view evoking a perspective projection while showing most of the globe instead of the half or less that a perspective would (Wikipedia, Armadillo projection)
MARC Map format projection code: da
Butterfly
Waterman butterfly projection
Cahill's butterfly map
Projects the globe onto a truncated octahedron with symmetrical components and contiguous land masses that may be displayed in various arrangements (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
MARC Map format projection code: db
Eckert
Eckert developed six projections. The latitudes are parallel lines in all six projections. The projections come in pairs; in the odd-numbered projections, the latitudes are equally spaced, while their even-numbered counterparts are equal-area. The three pairs are distinguished by the shapes of the meridians. Eckert I and Eckert II have rectilinear (straight-line) meridians, meeting at the equator at an angle. In Eckert III and Eckert IV, meridians are elliptical, while in Eckert V and Eckert VI, they are sinusoidal (Wikipedia, Eckert projection)
MARC Map format projection code: dc
Goode's homolosine
Goode’s homalographic projection
Homalographic projection
proyección homalográfica de Goode
MARC Map format projection code: dd
Miller's bipolar oblique conformal conic
MARC Map format projection code: de
Van Der Grinten
proyección de Van der Grinten
Boundary is a circle. All parallels and meridians are circular arcs. Usually clipped near 80°N/S. Standard world projection of the NGS 1922–88 (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). Van der Grinten has four projections: I, II, III, and IV
MARC Map format projection code: df
Dimaxion
Dimaxion map
Fuller map
Dymaxion projection
proyección Dymaxion
The Dymaxion map or Fuller map is a projection of a world map onto the surface of an icosahedron, which can be unfolded and flattened to two dimensions. The flat map is heavily interrupted in order to preserve shapes and sizes. The projection was invented by Buckminster Fuller. The Dymaxion projection is intended only for representations of the entire globe (Wikipedia, Dymaxion map)
MARC Map format projection code: dg
Cordiform
Werner’s projection
projection de Werner
proyección equivalente de Werner
Distances from the North Pole are correct as are the curved distances along parallels and distances along central meridian (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections). Heart-shaped
MARC Map format projection code: dh
Projection preservation property
Geometric characteristic that the map projection attempts to preserve
Cartographic data source
Identifies the source for mathematical cartographic data,including scale, projection, and/or coordinates
Is geometry of
Is projection of
Has projection preservation property
Has scale accuracy
Accuracy of the scale statement
Has scale source
Representative Fraction Denominator
The denominator of the scale's representative fraction
WGS 84
World Geodetic System 1984
Explicit scale
Scale as stated on the cartographic resource
Approximate scale
Approximate scale of cartographic resource
Inaccurate scale
Inaccurate scale of cartographic resource
Scale accuracy unknown
Representative fraction
Source of scale is the representative fraction
Verbal statement
Source of scale is a verbal statement
Scale bar
Source of scale is the scale bar
Scale calculated
Source of scale is calculated from the primary source
Scale derived
Source of scale is derived from an external resource
Bounding Box (Klokan Technologies)
The Klokan Technologies Bounding Box Tool
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: bound
GeoNames
GeoNames.org geographical database
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: geonames
GNS
NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency)
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: geonet
Getty TGN
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Online (J. Paul Getty Trust)
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: gettytgn
GNIS
Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) (United States Geological Survey, Board on Geographic Names)
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: gnis
Google Earth
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: gooearth
Wikipedia
MARC Cartographic Data Source Code: wikiped
Compromise map projection
Neither conformal nor equal-area, but a balance intended to reduce overall distortion (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
Conformal map projection
Preserves angles locally, implying that local shapes are not distorted (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
Equal area map projection
Areas are conserved (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
Equidistant map projection
All distances from one (or two) points are correct. Other equidistant properties are mentioned in the notes (Wikipedia, List of Map Projections)
Gnomonic map projection
Displays all great circles as straight lines, resulting in any straight line segment on a gnomonic map showing a geodesic, the shortest route between the segment's two endpoints (Wikipedia, Gnomonic Projection)
Perspective map projection
When the Earth is photographed from space, the camera records the view as a perspective projection. If the camera precisely faces the center of the Earth, the projection is Vertical Perspective. Otherwise, a Tilted Perspective projection is obtained (Wikipedia, General Perspective projection)