* Word Tree / Roget's Thesaurus


* Class I. Words Expressing Abstract Relations

** Section I. Existence

*** 1. Being, in The Abstract

***** existence 1

 + abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 + absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 + authentic    a.真正的；法律证实的    [au-then-tic]
 + endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 + entity    n.实体，统一体    [en-ti-ty]
 + essential    a.本质的；n.要素，实质    [es-sen-tial]
 + extant    a.现存的，传世的    [ex-tant]
 + prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 + subsistence    n.生存，生计；存在    [sub-sist-ence]
 + substantial    a.坚固的，结实的；实质的    [sub-stan-tial]
 + substantive    a.根本的；独立存在的    [sub-stan-tive]

***** inexistence 2

 + abeyance    n.中止，搁置    [a-bey-ance]
 + abrogate    v.废止，废除    [ab-ro-gate]
 + annihilate    v.消灭    [an-ni-hi-late]
 + die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 + dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 + extinct    a.绝种的，不存在的    [ex-tinct]
 + extinction    n.熄灭；消灭    [ex-tinc-tion]
 + extirpation    n.根除，铲除    [ex-tir-pa-tion]
 + insubstantial    a.非实体的；薄弱的    [in-sub-stan-tial]
 + nil    n.无，零    [nil]
 + nonentity    n.不重要之人或事    [non-en-ti-ty]
 + nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 + obliterate    v.涂掉，擦掉    [o-blit-e-rate]
 + perish    v.死，暴卒    [per-ish]
 + potential    a.潜在的，有可能性的    [po-ten-tial]
 + remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 + spectral    a.幽灵的    [spec-tral]
 + vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]
 + virtual    a.实质上的，实际上的    [vir-tu-al]
 + visionary    a.有远见的；幻想的；n.空想家    [vi-sion-ar-y]

*** 2. Being, In The Concrete

***** substantiality 3

 + corporeal    a.肉体的，身体的；物质的    [cor-po-re-al]
 + gadget    n.小工具，小机械    [gadg-et]
 + substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - substantial    a.坚固的，结实的；实质的    [sub-stan-tial]
 - substantive    a.根本的；独立存在的    [sub-stan-tive]
 + tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]

***** unsubstantiality 4

 + cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 + deadpan    a./n.无表情的(脸)    [dead-pan]
 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 + ethereal    a.太空；轻巧的    [e-the-re-al]
 + evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 + fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 + illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 + inane    a.无意义的；空洞的    [in-ane]
 + incogitant    a.无思想的，考虑不周的    [in-cog-i-tant]
 - insubstantial    a.非实体的；薄弱的    [in-sub-stan-tial]
 - nil    n.无，零    [nil]
 + nominal    a.名义上的，有名无实的    [nom-i-nal]
 - nonentity    n.不重要之人或事    [non-en-ti-ty]
 + phantom    n.鬼怪，幽灵；幻像    [phan-tom]
 - spectral    a.幽灵的    [spec-tral]
 + vacuous    a.发呆的，愚笨的    [vac-u-ous]
 - visionary    a.有远见的；幻想的；n.空想家    [vi-sion-ar-y]
 + void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]

*** 3. Formal Existence

***** intrinsicality 5

 + characteristic    a.有特色的；典型性的；n.与众不同的特征    [char-ac-ter-is-tic]
 + constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 + core    n.果心；核心)；v.去掉某物的中心部分    [core]
 + disposition    n.处理；天性，气质    [dis-po-si-tion]
 - essential    a.本质的；n.要素，实质    [es-sen-tial]
 + ethos    n.(个人、团体或民族)道德风貌，思潮，信仰    [e-thos]
 + fundamental    a.最根本的，基本的；十分重要的    [fun-da-men-tal]
 + gene    n.基因    [gene]
 + gist    n.要点，要旨    [gist]
 + grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 + hereditary    a.祖传的，世袭的    [he-red-i-tar-y]
 + humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 + immanent    a.内在的；普遍存在的    [im-ma-nent]
 + inborn    a.天生的，天赋的    [in-born]
 + incarnate    a.具有肉体的；化身的    [in-car-nate]
 + incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 + indigenous    a.土产的，本地的    [in-dig-e-nous]
 + ingrained    a.根深蒂固的    [in-grained]
 + innate    a.生来的，天赋的    [in-nate]
 + instinctive    a.本能的    [in-stinc-tive]
 + pith    n.精髓，要点    [pith]
 + principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 + sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 + subjective    a.主观的，想象的    [sub-jec-tive]
 + temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - virtual    a.实质上的，实际上的    [vir-tu-al]

***** extrinsicality 6

 + adventitious    a.偶然的    [ad-ven-ti-tious]
 + contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 + extraneous    a.外来的；无关的    [ex-tra-ne-ous]
 + fortuitous    a.偶然的，意外的；幸运的    [for-tu-i-tous]
 + objective    a.客观的；n.目标    [ob-jec-tive]

*** 4. Modal Existence

***** state 7

 + aspect    n.(问题等的)方面；面貌，外表    [as-pect]
 + category    n.类别，范畴    [cat-e-go-ry]
 - constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 + denim    n.粗斜纹棉布    [den-im]
 + dilemma    n.困境，左右为难    [di-lem-ma]
 + fabric    n.纺织品；结构    [fab-ric]
 + fungi    n.菌类，蘑菇    [fun-gi]
 + guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 + lot    n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分    [lot]
 + mode    n.样式，时尚；模式    [mode]
 + mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + plight    n.困境，苦境    [plight]
 + predicament    n.困境，窘境    [pre-dic-a-ment]
 + stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 + tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]
 + trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 + tuxedo    n.礼服，无尾礼服    [tux-e-do]

***** circumstance 8

 - adventitious    a.偶然的    [ad-ven-ti-tious]
 + circumstantial    a.不重要的，偶然的；描述详细的    [cir-cum-stan-tial]
 + context    n.(语句等的)上下文    [con-text]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 + critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 + emergency    n.紧急事件    [e-mer-gen-cy]
 + occurrence    n.事件；发生    [oc-cur-rence]
 + pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 + posture    n.姿势，体态；态度；v.故作姿态    [pos-ture]
 - predicament    n.困境，窘境    [pre-dic-a-ment]
 + provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 + regime    n.政权，政治制度    [re-gime]
 + specifics    n.细小问题，细节    [specifics]
 + status    n.身分，地位    [sta-tus]

** Section II. Relation

*** 1. Absolute Relation

***** relation 9

 + affinity    n.密切关系；吸引力    [af-fin-i-ty]
 + analogy    n.相似；类比    [a-nal-o-gy]
 + applicable    a.生效的，适合的    [ap-pli-ca-ble]
 + apropos    a./adv.适宜的(地)；有关    [ap-ro-pos]
 + associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 + comparison    n.比较，对照；比喻    [com-par-i-son]
 + homogeneity    n.同种，同质    [ho-mo-ge-ne-i-ty]
 + pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 + relate    v.讲述；有关联    [re-late]
 + score    n.乐谱    [score]

***** irrelation 10

 + arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 + detached    a.分开的；超然的    [de-tached]
 + dissociation    n.分离，脱离关系    [dis-so-ci-a-tion]
 + episodic    a.偶然发生的，分散性的    [ep-i-sod-ic]
 + exotic    a.珍奇的；来自异国的    [ex-ot-ic]
 - extraneous    a.外来的；无关的    [ex-tra-ne-ous]
 + heterogeneous    a.异类的，不同的    [het-er-o-ge-ne-ous]
 + impertinence    n.无礼，粗鲁    [im-per-ti-nence]
 + insular    a.岛屿的；心胸狭窄的    [in-su-lar]
 + intrude    v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入    [in-trude]
 + outlandish    a.古怪的    [out-land-ish]

***** consanguinity 11

 + affiliation    n.联系，联合    [af-fil-i-a-tion]
 + breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 + collateral    a.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品    [col-lat-er-al]
 + generation    n.一代人；(产品类型的)代；产生，发生    [gen-er-a-tion]
 + kindred    a.同类的，种族的    [kin-dred]
 + lineage    n.宗系，血统    [lin-e-age]
 + nepotism    n.裙带关系    [nep-o-tism]
 + sibling    n.兄弟或姊妹    [sib-ling]
 + stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]

***** correlation 12

 + alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 + barter    v.易货贸易    [bar-ter]
 + complementary    a.互补的    [com-ple-men-ta-ry]
 + interchangeable    a.可互换的    [in-ter-change-a-ble]
 + reciprocal    a.相互的，互惠的    [re-cip-ro-cal]
 + reciprocate    v.回报，答谢    [re-cip-ro-cate]

***** identity 13

 + coalesce    v.联合，合并    [co-a-lesce]
 + coincide    v.巧合；一致    [co-in-cide]
 + equivalent    a.相等的，等值的    [e-quiv-a-lent]
 + monotony    n.单调，千篇一律    [mo-not-o-ny]

***** contrariety 14

 + antagonism    n.反抗，敌意    [an-tag-o-nism]
 + antagonize    v.使对抗；与…对抗    [an-tag-o-nize]
 + antithesis    n.对立；相对    [an-tith-e-sis]
 + contradict    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tra-dict]
 + contradictory    a.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的    [con-tra-dic-to-ry]
 + contrast    v./n.对比    [con-trast]
 + contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 + converse    v.谈话；a.逆向的n.相反的事物    [con-verse]
 + foil    n.钝剑；箔，锡箔纸    [foil]
 + hostile    a.敌对的，敌意的    [hos-tile]
 + inverse    a.相反的；倒转的    [in-verse]
 + invert    v.上下倒置    [in-vert]
 + oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 + repugnance    n.嫌恶，反感    [re-pug-nance]
 + reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 + synthesis    n.综合，合成    [syn-the-sis]
 + thesis    n.论题，论文    [the-sis]

***** difference 15

 - characteristic    a.有特色的；典型性的；n.与众不同的特征    [char-ac-ter-is-tic]
 - contrast    v./n.对比    [con-trast]
 + discriminate    v.区分    [dis-crim-i-nate]
 + disparity    n.不同，差异    [dis-par-i-ty]
 + distinction    n.区别，差别；知名    [dis-tinc-tion]
 + distinctive    a.出众的，有特色的    [dis-tinc-tive]
 + diverse    a.不同的；多样的    [di-verse]
 + diversity    n.多样，千变万化    [di-ver-si-ty]
 - heterogeneous    a.异类的，不同的    [het-er-o-ge-ne-ous]
 + incommensurate    a.不成比例的，不相称的    [in-com-men-su-rate]
 + modify    v.修改，变更    [mod-i-fy]
 + nuance    n.细微的差异    [nu-ance]
 + variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]

*** 2. Continuous Relation

***** uniformity 16

 + accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 + assimilate    v.同化；吸收    [as-sim-i-late]
 + conform    (to)v.符合或遵守公认的规则    [con-form]
 + conformity    n.一致，遵从；顺众    [con-form-i-ty]
 + consistency    n.一致性；坚实度，可靠性；不矛盾    [con-sist-en-cy]
 + consistent    a.前后一致的    [con-sist-ent]
 + even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - homogeneity    n.同种，同质    [ho-mo-ge-ne-i-ty]
 + homogeneous    a.同类的，相似的    [ho-mo-ge-ne-ous]
 + homogenize    v.使均匀，使一致    [ho-mog-e-nize]
 + monolithic    a.巨石的，巨大的    [mon-o-lith-ic]
 + monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - monotony    n.单调，千篇一律    [mo-not-o-ny]
 + smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 + uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]

***** nonuniformity 16.a

 - diversity    n.多样，千变万化    [di-ver-si-ty]

*** 3. Partial Relation

***** similarity 17

 - affinity    n.密切关系；吸引力    [af-fin-i-ty]
 + analogous    a.类似的    [a-nal-o-gous]
 - analogy    n.相似；类比    [a-nal-o-gy]
 + approximate    a.大约的，估计的    [ap-prox-i-mate]
 - assimilate    v.同化；吸收    [as-sim-i-late]
 + counterpart    n.相对应或具有相同功能的人或物    [coun-ter-part]
 + exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 + liken    v.把…比作…    [lik-en]
 + mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 + parallel    a.平行的；类似的；n.平行线；v.与…相似    [par-al-lel]
 + parallelism    n.平行，类似    [par-al-lel-ism]
 + parity    n.(水平，地位，数量等的)同等，相等    [par-i-ty]
 + pun    n.双关语    [pun]
 + rhyme    n.押韵；v.押韵    [rhyme]
 + semblance    n.外貌；相似    [sem-blance]

***** dissimilarity 18

 + disparate    a.迥然不同的    [dis-pa-rate]
 - disparity    n.不同，差异    [dis-par-i-ty]
 + divergent    a.分叉的，岔开的，背道而驰的    [di-ver-gent]
 - diversity    n.多样，千变万化    [di-ver-si-ty]
 + novelty    n.新奇(的事物)    [nov-el-ty]
 + original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 + originality    n.创造性，独特性    [o-rig-i-nal-i-ty]
 + unique    a.独一无二的，独特的；无与伦比的    [u-nique]
 + unprecedented    a.前所未有的    [un-prec-e-dent-ed]

***** imitation 19

 + burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 + caricature    n.讽刺画；滑稽模仿    [car-i-ca-ture]
 + conformist    n.尊奉者，英国国教徒    [con-form-ist]
 + counterfeit    v.伪造，仿造    [coun-ter-feit]
 + emulate    v.努力赶上或超越    [em-u-late]
 + expressly    adv.清楚地；特意地    [ex-press-ly]
 + forgery    n.伪造(物)    [for-ger-y]
 + imitation    n.赝品；效法，冒充    [im-i-ta-tion]
 + imitative    a.模仿的    [im-i-ta-tive]
 + impersonate    v.模仿；扮演    [im-per-son-ate]
 + impostor    n.冒充者，骗子    [im-pos-tor]
 + lampoon    n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺    [lam-poon]
 + literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 + mime    n.哑剧表演；哑剧(演员)    [mime]
 + mimic    v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人    [mim-ic]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 - parallel    a.平行的；类似的；n.平行线；v.与…相似    [par-al-lel]
 + paraphrase    v.传译，释义    [par-a-phrase]
 + parody    n.模仿性嘲弄文章或表演；拙劣的模仿    [par-o-dy]
 + pirate    n.海盗，剽窃者；v.盗印；掠夺    [pi-rate]
 + plagiarism    n.剽窃，抄袭    [pla-gia-rism]
 + poseur    n.装模作样的人    [po-seur]
 + reflect    v.反射；仔细考虑    [re-flect]
 - semblance    n.外貌；相似    [sem-blance]
 + simulate    v.假装，模仿    [sim-u-late]
 + transcribe    v.抄写，转录    [tran-scribe]
 + travesty    v./n.歪曲模仿，曲解    [trav-es-ty]

***** nonimitation 20

 + exceptional    a.特别(好)的    [ex-cep-tion-al]
 + inimitable    a.无法仿效的，不可比拟的    [in-im-i-ta-ble]
 + innovative    a.革新的    [in-no-va-tive]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 - originality    n.创造性，独特性    [o-rig-i-nal-i-ty]
 - unique    a.独一无二的，独特的；无与伦比的    [u-nique]

***** variation 20.a

 + aberration    n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形    [ab-er-ra-tion]
 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 + deviate    v.越轨，脱离    [de-vi-ate]
 + deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 + discrepancy    n.不同，矛盾    [dis-crep-an-cy]
 + diverge    v.分歧，分开    [di-verge]
 + innovation    n.创新，改革    [in-no-va-tion]
 + swerve    v.突然改变方向    [swerve]

***** copy 21

 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 - caricature    n.讽刺画；滑稽模仿    [car-i-ca-ture]
 + cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + conscientious    a.尽责的；小心谨慎的    [con-sci-en-tious]
 - counterfeit    v.伪造，仿造    [coun-ter-feit]
 - counterpart    n.相对应或具有相同功能的人或物    [coun-ter-part]
 + derivation    n.发展，起源；词源    [der-i-va-tion]
 + derivative    a.派生的；无创意的    [de-riv-a-tive]
 - imitation    n.赝品；效法，冒充    [im-i-ta-tion]
 - imitative    a.模仿的    [im-i-ta-tive]
 - paraphrase    v.传译，释义    [par-a-phrase]
 - parody    n.模仿性嘲弄文章或表演；拙劣的模仿    [par-o-dy]
 + pastiche    n.混合拼凑的作品    [pas-tiche]
 - plagiarism    n.剽窃，抄袭    [pla-gia-rism]
 - semblance    n.外貌；相似    [sem-blance]
 - travesty    v./n.歪曲模仿，曲解    [trav-es-ty]

***** prototype 22

 + archetype    n.原型；典型例子    [ar-che-type]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 + matrix    n.模子；矩阵    [ma-trix]
 + mint    n.大量；巨额    [mint]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 + paradigm    n.范例，示范    [par-a-digm]
 + prototype    n.原型；典型    [pro-to-type]
 + punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]

*** 4. General Relation

***** agreement 23

 + accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 + adapt    v.使…适应；修改    [a-dapt]
 + adjust    v.整顿，整理；适应    [ad-just]
 - applicable    a.生效的，适合的    [ap-pli-ca-ble]
 + apposite    a.适当的，恰当的    [ap-po-site]
 + appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 - apropos    a./adv.适宜的(地)；有关    [ap-ro-pos]
 + apt    a.易于…的，恰当的    [apt]
 + aptitude    n.适宜；才能，资质    [ap-ti-tude]
 - assimilate    v.同化；吸收    [as-sim-i-late]
 + coherent    a.连贯的，一致的    [co-her-ent]
 + commensurate    a.同样大小的；相称的    [com-men-su-rate]
 + compatible    a.和谐共处的，相容的    [com-pat-i-ble]
 + concord    n.和睦；公约    [con-cord]
 - conformity    n.一致，遵从；顺众    [con-form-i-ty]
 + congenial    a.意气相投的；性情好的    [con-gen-ial]
 + congruent    a.全等的，一致的    [con-gru-ent]
 + congruous    a.一致的，符合的；[数]全等的    [con-gru-ous]
 + consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 - consistency    n.一致性；坚实度，可靠性；不矛盾    [con-sist-en-cy]
 - consistent    a.前后一致的    [con-sist-ent]
 + consonant    a.调和的，一致的    [con-so-nant]
 + correspondent    a.符合的；n.记者    [cor-re-spond-ent]
 + deft    a.灵巧的，熟练的    [deft]
 + felicitous    a.(话语等)适当的，得体的    [fe-lic-i-tous]
 + germane    a.有密切关系的；贴切的    [ger-mane]
 + graduated    a.按等级(高度，困难等)分的    [grad-u-a-ted]
 + harmony    n.相符，一致；协调，匀称    [har-mo-ny]
 + meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - parallelism    n.平行，类似    [par-al-lel-ism]
 + pertinent    a.有关的，相关的    [per-ti-nent]
 + propriety    n.礼节；适当    [pro-pri-e-ty]
 + rapport    n.和睦，意见一致    [rap-port]
 + reconcile    v.和解，调和    [rec-on-cile]
 + regulate    v.管制；调整    [reg-u-late]
 + square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 + tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]

***** disagreement 24

 + clash    v.冲突，撞击    [clash]
 + conflict    v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触    [con-flict]
 + discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 - discrepancy    n.不同，矛盾    [dis-crep-an-cy]
 - disparity    n.不同，差异    [dis-par-i-ty]
 - divergent    a.分叉的，岔开的，背道而驰的    [di-ver-gent]
 - exceptional    a.特别(好)的    [ex-cep-tion-al]
 - hostile    a.敌对的，敌意的    [hos-tile]
 + incompatible    a.不能和谐共存的    [in-com-pat-i-ble]
 + incongruity    n.不协调，不相称    [in-con-gru-i-ty]
 + interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 - intrude    v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入    [in-trude]
 + irreconcilable    a.不能协调的，矛盾的    [ir-rec-on-cil-a-ble]
 + irreducible    a.不能约的    [ir-re-duc-i-ble]
 + jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 + jarring    a.声音刺耳的    [jar-ring]
 + odds    n.机会，可能性    [odds]
 - repugnance    n.嫌恶，反感    [re-pug-nance]
 + repugnant    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pug-nant]
 + unbecoming    a.不合身的；不得体的    [un-be-com-ing]
 - variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]

** Section III. Quantity

*** 1. Simple Quantity

***** quantity 25

 + amplitude    n.广大，广阔    [am-pli-tude]
 + batch    n.一批，一炉    [batch]
 - category    n.类别，范畴    [cat-e-go-ry]
 + dose    n.剂量，一剂    [dose]
 + enumerate    v.列举，枚举    [e-nu-mer-ate]
 - lot    n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分    [lot]
 + magnitude    n.重要；星球的光亮度    [mag-ni-tude]
 + quantum    n.量子；定量    [quan-tum]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]

***** degree 26

 - amplitude    n.广大，广阔    [am-pli-tude]
 + compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 + gradation    n.渐变；阶段，等级    [gra-da-tion]
 + pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 + scope    n.眼界；范围    [scope]
 + stint    v.吝惜，节省    [stint]
 - tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]

*** 2. Comparative Quantity

***** equality 27

 - accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - adapt    v.使…适应；修改    [a-dapt]
 - adjust    v.整顿，整理；适应    [ad-just]
 + convertible    a.可转换的；n.敞篷车    [con-vert-i-ble]
 + coordinate    n.同等物，坐标；v.使各部分协调; a.同等的    [co-or-di-nate]
 + coterminous    a.毗连的，有共同边界的    [co-ter-mi-nous]
 + equate    v.认为…相等或相仿    [e-quate]
 + equation    n.等式；等同，相等    [e-qua-tion]
 + equilibrium    n.平衡    [e-qui-lib-ri-um]
 - equivalent    a.相等的，等值的    [e-quiv-a-lent]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - monotony    n.单调，千篇一律    [mo-not-o-ny]
 - parity    n.(水平，地位，数量等的)同等，相等    [par-i-ty]
 + peer    n.同等之人，同辈    [peer]
 + poise    v.使相等，使平衡；n.泰然自若，镇定    [poise]
 + symmetry    n.对称；均衡    [sym-me-try]
 + tantamount    a.与…相等的    [tan-ta-mount]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]

***** inequality 28

 - disparate    a.迥然不同的    [dis-pa-rate]
 - disparity    n.不同，差异    [dis-par-i-ty]
 + inequity    n.不公正，不公平    [in-eq-ui-ty]
 + lopsided    a.倾向一方的，不平衡的    [lop-sid-ed]
 - odds    n.机会，可能性    [odds]
 + partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 + partiality    n.偏袒，偏心    [par-ti-al-i-ty]
 + superiority    n.优越(感)    [su-pe-ri-or-i-ty]
 + topple    v.倾覆，推倒    [top-ple]

***** mean 29

 + commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 + compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 + generality    n.概述    [gen-er-al-i-ty]
 + mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + mediocre    a.平庸的，平凡的    [me-di-o-cre]
 + mediocrity    n.平庸，碌碌无为    [me-di-oc-ri-ty]
 + medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 - mode    n.样式，时尚；模式    [mode]

***** compensation 30

 + albeit    conj. 虽然，尽管    [al-be-it]
 + ballast    n.(船等)压舱物    [bal-last]
 + bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 + compensate    v.补偿，赔偿    [com-pen-sate]
 + compensatory    a.补偿性的，报酬的    [com-pen-sa-to-ry]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 + counteract    v.消除，抵消    [coun-ter-act]
 + counterbalance    v.起平衡作用    [coun-ter-bal-ance]
 - equation    n.等式；等同，相等    [e-qua-tion]
 - equivalent    a.相等的，等值的    [e-quiv-a-lent]
 + hedge    n.树篱；限制    [hedge]
 + indemnify    v.赔偿，偿付    [in-dem-ni-fy]
 + indemnity    n.赔偿；保证    [in-dem-ni-ty]
 + neutralize    v.使无效；中和    [neu-tral-ize]
 - nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 + offset    v.补偿，抵消    [off-set]
 + redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 + retaliation    n.报复    [re-tal-i-a-tion]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]

*** 1 Quantity by Comparison with a Standard

***** greatness 31

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 + abundance    n.充裕，多量    [a-bun-dance]
 + abundant    a.丰富的，盛产的    [a-bun-dant]
 + ample    a.富足的；充足的    [am-ple]
 + arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 + arresting    a.显著的，引人注意的    [ar-rest-ing]
 + august    a.威严的，高贵的    [au-gust]
 + bulk    n.体积；数量；大多数；大身躯    [bulk]
 + cargo    n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物    [car-go]
 + considerable    a.相当多的；值得考虑的    [con-sid-er-a-ble]
 + consummate    a.完全的，完善的；v.完成    [con-sum-mate]
 + crass    a.愚钝的，粗糙的    [crass]
 + desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 + enormity    n.极恶；暴行；巨大    [e-nor-mi-ty]
 + enormous    a.极大的，巨大的    [e-nor-mous]
 - essential    a.本质的；n.要素，实质    [es-sen-tial]
 + exorbitant    a.过分的，过度的    [ex-or-bi-tant]
 + far-reaching    a.影响深远的    [far-reach-ing]
 + flagrant    a.臭的，恶名昭彰的    [fla-grant]
 + full-bodied    a.(味道等)浓郁而强烈的    [full-bod-ied]
 + gargantuan    a.巨大的，庞大的    [gar-gan-tu-an]
 + grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 + gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 + harshly    adv.严酷地，无情地    [harsh-ly]
 + immense    a.极大的；无限的    [im-mense]
 + immensity    n.巨大之物；无限    [im-men-si-ty]
 + ineffable    a.妙不可言的    [in-ef-fa-ble]
 + infinity    n.无限的时间或空间    [in-fin-i-ty]
 + inordinate    a.过度的，过分的    [in-or-di-nate]
 - magnitude    n.重要；星球的光亮度    [mag-ni-tude]
 + majestic    a.雄伟的，庄严的    [ma-jes-tic]
 + marked    a.明显的；被监视的    [marked]
 + mighty    a.强有力的，强大的    [might-y]
 + peck    v.啄食；轻啄    [peck]
 + preposterous    a.荒谬的    [pre-pos-ter-ous]
 + prodigious    a.巨大的    [pro-di-gious]
 + profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 + rag    n.旧布，碎布；破旧衣服    [rag]
 + scrap    n.小片，碎屑；v.废弃    [scrap]
 + signal    n.信号；v.发信号；a.显著的    [sig-nal]
 + slew    v.(使)旋转；n.大量    [slew]
 + soar    v.高飞，翱翔；猛增    [soar]
 + stark    a.(外表)僵硬的；完全的    [stark]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 + stunning    a.极富魅力的    [stun-ning]
 + sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]
 + tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]
 + transcend    v.超越，胜过    [tran-scend]
 + unconscionable    a.无节制的，过度的    [un-con-scion-a-ble]
 + uninitiated    a.外行的，缺乏经验的    [un-in-i-ti-at-ed]
 + unspoiled    a.未损坏的，未宠坏的    [un-spoiled]
 + utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]

***** smallness 32

 + bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 + bit    n.钻头    [bit]
 + brink    n.(峭壁的)边沿，边缘    [brink]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 + corpuscle    n.血球，细胞    [cor-pus-cle]
 + crumb    n.饼屑，面包屑；碎裂的东西    [crumb]
 + droplet    n.小水滴    [drop-let]
 + dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 + evanescent    a.迅速消失的，短暂的    [ev-a-nes-cent]
 + fraction    n.碎片；小部分    [frac-tion]
 + fragment    n.碎片；分裂    [frag-ment]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - harshly    adv.严酷地，无情地    [harsh-ly]
 + inappreciable    a.微不足道的    [in-ap-pre-ci-a-ble]
 + inch    v.慢慢前进，慢慢移动    [inch]
 + infinitesimal    a.极微小的；n.极小量    [in-fin-i-tes-i-mal]
 + iota    n.极小量，极少    [i-o-ta]
 + jot    v.摘要记录    [jot]
 + limited    a.有限的    [lim-it-ed]
 + low    v.牛叫    [low]
 + meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 - mediocrity    n.平庸，碌碌无为    [me-di-oc-ri-ty]
 + microorganism    n.微生物，细菌    [mi-cro-or-gan-ism]
 + microscopic    a.极小的；显微镜的    [mi-cro-scop-ic]
 + minutia    n.细枝末节，细节    [mi-nu-ti-a]
 + mite    n.极小量；小虫    [mite]
 + modest    a.谦虚的，谨慎的；适度的    [mod-est]
 + modicum    n.少量    [mod-i-cum]
 + molecule    n.分子    [mol-e-cule]
 + morsel    n.一小块(食物)；小量    [mor-sel]
 + mote    n.微粒，微尘    [mote]
 + neutron    n.中子    [neu-tron]
 + paltry    a.无价值的，微不足道的    [pal-try]
 + patch    n.补丁；一小片(土地)    [patch]
 + paucity    n.小量，缺乏    [pau-ci-ty]
 + petty    a.琐碎的；小心眼的    [pet-ty]
 + pinpoint    v.精确地找出或描述；a.非常精确的    [pin-point]
 + preposition    n.介词，前置词    [prep-o-si-tion]
 + scant    a.不足的，缺乏的    [scant]
 + scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 + shard    n.(陶器等)碎片    [shard]
 + sheer    a.完全的；陡峭的；极薄的    [sheer]
 + sip    v.啜饮    [sip]
 + slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + sliver    n.长条；v.裂成细片    [sliv-er]
 + snatch    n./v.强夺，攫取    [snatch]
 + snip    v.剪断    [snip]
 + sop    n.泡过的食品；安慰品    [sop]
 + sparing    a.节俭的    [spar-ing]
 + spark    n.火花，火星    [spark]
 + speck    n.斑点；少量    [speck]
 - stark    a.(外表)僵硬的；完全的    [stark]
 + stolid    a.无动于衷的    [stol-id]
 + subtle    a.微妙的，精巧的    [sub-tle]
 + tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 + trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 + unjustly    adv.不义地，不法地    [un-just-ly]

*** 2 Quantity by Comparison with a Similar Object

***** superiority 33

 + beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + climax    n.顶点，高潮    [cli-max]
 + culmination    n.顶点；结果    [cul-mi-na-tion]
 + distinguished    a.著名的，卓越的    [dis-tin-guished]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 + exceed    v.超过；超出    [ex-ceed]
 + excel    v.善于，擅长于    [ex-cel]
 + excess    n.过分，过度    [ex-cess]
 + optimum    a.最好的，最有利的    [op-ti-mum]
 + outshine    v.要求比…更好    [out-shine]
 + outstrip    v.超过；跑过    [out-strip]
 + override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 + paramount    a.最重要的，最高权力的    [par-a-mount]
 - partiality    n.偏袒，偏心    [par-ti-al-i-ty]
 + precede    v.在…之前，早于    [pre-cede]
 + predominate    v.支配，统治；占优势    [pre-dom-i-nate]
 + preeminent    a.出类拔萃的    [pre-em-i-nent]
 + preponderate    v.(重量上，重要性上)压倒，超过    [pre-pon-der-ate]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 + sovereign    n.最高统治者，元首    [sov-er-eign]
 - superiority    n.优越(感)    [su-pe-ri-or-i-ty]
 + supremacy    n.至高无上，霸权    [su-prem-a-cy]
 + supreme    a.至高的；极度的    [su-preme]
 + surpass    v.超过    [sur-pass]
 + surplus    a.过剩的；盈余的    [sur-plus]
 - transcend    v.超越，胜过    [tran-scend]
 + transcendent    a.超越的，卓越的，出众的    [tran-scend-ent]
 + transcendental    a.超越经验的    [tran-scen-den-tal]

***** inferiority 34

 + deficiency    n.缺陷；不足    [de-fi-cien-cy]
 + deflated    a.灰心丧气的    [de-flat-ed]
 + inferior    a.下级的，低等的，质次的，较差的    [in-fe-ri-or]
 + want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]

*** 3 Changes in Quantity

***** increase 35

 + accretion    n.自然的增加；增加物    [ac-cre-tion]
 + aggrandize    v.增大，扩张；吹棒    [ag-gran-dize]
 + aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 + augment    v.增大，增值    [aug-ment]
 + crescendo    n.(音乐)渐强，高潮    [cre-scen-do]
 + dilate    v.(身体某部位)张大，扩大    [di-late]
 + enhance    v.提高，增加，改善    [en-hance]
 + exacerbate    v.加重，恶化    [ex-ac-er-bate]
 + exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 + exalt    v.(高度)赞扬，歌颂    [ex-alt]
 + exasperate    v.激怒，使恼怒    [ex-as-per-ate]
 + hike    v.高涨，上升；n.徒步旅行    [hike]
 + increment    n.增值，增加    [in-cre-ment]
 + intensify    v.加剧    [in-ten-si-fy]
 + magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 + maximize    v.使增至最大限度    [max-i-mize]
 + produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 + proliferate    v.繁殖；激增    [pro-lif-er-ate]
 + sprout    v.长出，萌芽；n.嫩芽    [sprout]
 + upswing    n.上升，增长    [up-swing]
 + wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** nonincrease, decrease 36

 + abate    v.减轻，减少    [a-bate]
 + abridge    v.删减；缩短    [a-bridge]
 + anticlimax    n.令人扫兴的结局    [an-ti-cli-max]
 + attenuate    v.变薄    [at-ten-u-ate]
 + crumble    v.弄碎；崩毁    [crum-ble]
 + decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 + depreciate    v.轻视；贬值    [de-pre-ci-ate]
 + descend    v.下来，下降    [de-scend]
 + descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 + deterioration    n.恶化，堕落    [de-te-ri-o-ra-tion]
 + diminution    n.减少，缩减    [dim-i-nu-tion]
 + discount    n.折扣    [dis-count]
 + downplay    v.贬低，不予重视    [downplay]
 + dwarf    n.侏儒；矮小的植物；v.使变矮小    [dwarf]
 + ebb    v.退潮；衰退    [ebb]
 + extenuate    v.掩饰(罪行)，减轻罪过    [ex-ten-u-ate]
 + languish    v.变得消瘦；衰弱    [lan-guish]
 + mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 + shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 + subside    v.(建筑物等)下陷    [sub-side]
 + subtract    v.减去，减掉    [sub-tract]
 + underplay    v.淡化…的重要性；表演(角色)不充分    [un-der-play]
 + wane    v.减少，衰微    [wane]
 + waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

*** 3. Conjunctive Quantity

***** addition 37

 + accessory    a.附属的，次要的    [ac-ces-so-ry]
 + accrue    v.(利息等)增大；增多    [ac-crue]
 + addition    n.增加，附加    [ad-di-tion]
 + additive    n.添加剂    [ad-di-tive]
 + affix    v.粘上，贴上；在合同上添写某事物；n.词缀    [af-fix]
 + annexation    n.并吞，合并    [an-nex-a-tion]
 - augment    v.增大，增值    [aug-ment]
 + inclusive    a.包含一切的，范围广的    [in-clu-sive]
 - increment    n.增值，增加    [in-cre-ment]
 + insert    v.插入    [in-sert]
 + junction    n.交叉路口；连接    [junc-tion]
 + reinforce    v.加强力量，增援    [re-in-force]
 + saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 + supplement    v./n.增补，补充    [sup-ple-ment]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]

***** nonaddition, subtraction 38

 + abrade    v.磨损，磨小    [a-brade]
 + abrasion    n.表面磨损    [a-bra-sion]
 + abscission    n.[医]切除，截去；[植]脱离    [ab-scis-sion]
 + curtail    v.削减，缩短    [cur-tail]
 + decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 + deduce    v.演绎，推断    [de-duce]
 + deduct    v.减去，扣除；演绎    [de-duct]
 + eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 + excise    v.切除，删去    [ex-cise]
 + exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 + file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + garble    v.曲解，窜改    [gar-ble]
 + jigsaw    n.拼图游戏    [jig-saw]
 + pare    v.削；修剪；削减，缩减    [pare]
 + prune    n.梅干；v.修剪    [prune]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 + retrench    v.节省，紧缩费用    [re-trench]
 + scissor    n.剪刀    [scis-sor]
 - subtract    v.减去，减掉    [sub-tract]
 + withdraw    v.撤退，收回；隐居    [with-draw]

***** adjunct 39

 - accessory    a.附属的，次要的    [ac-ces-so-ry]
 + addendum    n.补充，附录    [ad-den-dum]
 - addition    n.增加，附加    [ad-di-tion]
 + adjunct    n.附加物，附件    [ad-junct]
 - affix    v.粘上，贴上；在合同上添写某事物；n.词缀    [af-fix]
 - augment    v.增大，增值    [aug-ment]
 + coda    n.乐曲的尾声    [co-da]
 + continuation    n.继续，延续    [con-tin-u-a-tion]
 + garnish    v.装饰    [gar-nish]
 - increment    n.增值，增加    [in-cre-ment]
 + rider    n.骑手；附文，附件    [rid-er]
 + skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]
 - supplement    v./n.增补，补充    [sup-ple-ment]

***** remainder 40

 + dregs    n.糟粕，沉淀废物    [dregs]
 - exceed    v.超过；超出    [ex-ceed]
 - excess    n.过分，过度    [ex-cess]
 + petroglyph    n.岩石雕刻    [pet-ro-glyph]
 + relic    n.遗物，遗迹    [rel-ic]
 + remainder    n.剩余物    [re-main-der]
 + remains    n.遗址，废墟    [re-mains]
 + remnant    n.残余物；零头布料    [rem-nant]
 + residual    a.残余的，剩余的    [re-sid-u-al]
 + residue    n.剩余    [res-i-due]
 + shavings    n.刨花    [shavings]
 + superfluity    n.多余的量    [su-per-flu-i-ty]
 + superfluous    a.多余的，累赘的    [su-per-flu-ous]
 - surplus    a.过剩的；盈余的    [sur-plus]
 + survive    v.幸存    [sur-vive]

***** decrement 40.a

 + defect    n.缺点，瑕疵；v.变节，脱党    [de-fect]
 - discount    n.折扣    [dis-count]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** mixture 41

 + adulterate    v.掺假    [a-dul-ter-ate]
 + amalgam    n.混合物    [a-mal-gam]
 + amalgamate    v.合并；混合    [a-mal-gam-ate]
 + ambivalent    a.(对人或物)有矛盾看法的    [am-biv-a-lent]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + commingle    v.搀和，混合    [com-min-gle]
 + compound    n.复合物；v.搀和    [com-pound]
 + cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 + emulsify    v.使乳化    [e-mul-si-fy]
 - heterogeneous    a.异类的，不同的    [het-er-o-ge-ne-ous]
 + hybrid    n.杂种；混血人    [hy-brid]
 + imbue    v.灌输(某人)强烈的情感或意见    [im-bue]
 + infiltrate    v.渗透，渗入    [in-fil-trate]
 + infuse    v.灌输；鼓励    [in-fuse]
 + instill    v.滴注；逐渐灌输    [in-still]
 + intermingle    v.混合，掺杂    [in-ter-min-gle]
 + intertwine    v.纠缠，缠，绕    [in-ter-twine]
 + jumble    v.混杂，掺杂；n.混杂，掺杂    [jum-ble]
 - junction    n.交叉路口；连接    [junc-tion]
 + knead    v.揉制，捏制    [knead]
 + mash    v.捣成糊状    [mash]
 + medley    n.混合歌曲；混杂；各种各样的集团    [med-ley]
 + mingle    v.混合    [min-gle]
 + mongrel    n.杂种动物；混血儿    [mon-grel]
 + mosaic    n.马赛克；镶嵌细工(把小块玻璃石头等镶嵌成图画)    [mo-sa-ic]
 + motley    a.混杂的；杂色的    [mot-ley]
 - pastiche    n.混合拼凑的作品    [pas-tiche]
 + potpourri    n.混杂；杂文集    [pot-pour-ri]
 + seasoning    n.调味品，佐料    [sea-son-ing]
 + sophistication    n.诡辩，强词夺理；久经世故，老练，精明    [so-phis-ti-ca-tion]
 + suffuse    v.(色彩等)弥漫，染遍    [suf-fuse]

***** simpleness 42

 + bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 + disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 + elementary    a.初级的    [el-e-men-ta-ry]
 - eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 + exclude    v.排斥；排除    [ex-clude]
 - exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 - homogeneity    n.同种，同质    [ho-mo-ge-ne-i-ty]
 - homogeneous    a.同类的，相似的    [ho-mo-ge-ne-ous]
 + purify    v.使洁净，净化    [pu-ri-fy]
 + purity    n.纯洁，纯净；纯度    [pu-ri-ty]
 - sheer    a.完全的；陡峭的；极薄的    [sheer]
 + sift    v.筛，过滤    [sift]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]
 + winnow    v.把(谷物)的杂质吹掉，扬去    [win-now]

***** junction 43

 - affix    v.粘上，贴上；在合同上添写某事物；n.词缀    [af-fix]
 + airtight    a.密闭的，不透气的    [air-tight]
 - annexation    n.并吞，合并    [an-nex-a-tion]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + attach    v.将某物系在(另一物)上    [at-ta-ch]
 + bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 + brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 + bracket    n.托架，支架    [brack-et]
 + braid    n.穗子；发辫；v.编成辫子    [braid]
 + clamp    n.钳子；v.钳紧    [clamp]
 + clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 + clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 + compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 + concatenate    v.连结；连锁    [con-cat-e-nate]
 + conjoin    v.使结合    [con-join]
 + conjunction    n.联合；连词    [con-junc-tion]
 + corporate    a.团体的；共同的    [cor-po-rate]
 + embody    v.(作品等)表达，体现    [em-bod-y]
 + entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 + fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 + fasten    v.使…固定(to fix sth. firmly)    [fas-ten]
 + fetter    n./v.(带)脚镣；束缚    [fet-ter]
 + fixate    v.使固定，使不变；注视，凝视    [fix-ate]
 + graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 + harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 + hinge    n.铰链；关键    [hinge]
 + impact    n.冲击，影响    [im-pact]
 - intertwine    v.纠缠，缠，绕    [in-ter-twine]
 - junction    n.交叉路口；连接    [junc-tion]
 + knit    v.编织    [knit]
 + lace    n.鞋带，系带；网眼花边，透孔织品    [lace]
 + lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 + meld    v.(使)混合，(使)合并    [meld]
 + needlework    n.缝纫，刺绣    [nee-dle-work]
 + rivet    n.铆钉；v.吸引(注意力)    [riv-et]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 + screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 + seam    n.缝，接缝    [seam]
 + secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 + solder    v.焊接，焊合    [sol-der]
 + span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 + splice    v.接合，衔接    [splice]
 + stitch    n.(缝纫时的)一针，一钩；v.缝合    [stitch]
 + suture    n.(伤口的)缝线；v.缝合    [su-ture]
 + symbiosis    n.共生(关系)    [sym-bi-o-sis]
 + taut    a.绷紧的    [taut]
 + tether    v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围    [teth-er]
 + truss    n.桁架，支架；干草的一捆    [truss]
 + unify    v.统一，使成一体；使相同    [u-ni-fy]
 + yoke    n.牛轭；v.控制，束缚    [yoke]

***** disjunction 44

 - abscission    n.[医]切除，截去；[植]脱离    [ab-scis-sion]
 + abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 + asunder    a./adv.分离的；化为碎片    [a-sun-der]
 + breach    n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背    [breach]
 + canyon    n.峡谷    [can-yon]
 + carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 + cleavage    n.裂缝；分裂    [cleav-age]
 + cleave    v.劈开；分裂    [cleave]
 + crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 + debrief    v.向…询问情况，听取汇报    [de-brief]
 + decomposition    n.分解，腐烂，崩溃    [de-com-po-si-tion]
 + detach    v.分离，分遣    [de-tach]
 + differentiate    v.辨别，区别    [dif-fer-en-ti-ate]
 + discrete    a.个别的；不连续的    [dis-crete]
 + disengage    v.脱离，解开    [dis-en-gage]
 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 + disjunction    n.分离，分裂    [dis-junc-tion]
 + disjunctive    a.分离的，相反的    [dis-junc-tive]
 + dislocate    v.使脱臼；把…弄乱    [dis-lo-cate]
 - disparate    a.迥然不同的    [dis-pa-rate]
 + disperse    v.消散，驱散    [dis-perse]
 + dissect    v.解剖    [dis-sect]
 + distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 + fissure    n.裂缝，裂隙    [fis-sure]
 + fracture    n.骨折；折断；裂口    [frac-ture]
 + gash    n.深长的伤口，裂缝    [gash]
 + hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 + hew    v.砍伐；遵守    [hew]
 + incise    v.切，切割    [in-cise]
 + incision    n.切口；切割    [in-ci-sion]
 - insular    a.岛屿的；心胸狭窄的    [in-su-lar]
 + insularity    "n.岛国状态，岛屿生活状况，与外界隔绝的生活状况；(思想, 观点等的)偏狭，性僵化"    [in-su-lar-i-ty]
 + insulate    v.使绝缘；使隔离    [in-su-late]
 + isolate    v.孤立；将…从其种群中隔离    [i-so-late]
 - jigsaw    n.拼图游戏    [jig-saw]
 + lacerate    v.撕裂；深深伤害    [lac-er-ate]
 + mangle    v.毁损；撕成碎片，压碎    [man-gle]
 + mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 + nib    n.钢笔尖    [nib]
 + nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 + oasis    n.绿洲    [o-a-sis]
 + rend    v.撕裂；猛拉    [rend]
 + rent    n.裂缝；(意见)分歧    [rent]
 + rescind    v.废除，取消    [re-scind]
 + rescission    n.废除    [re-scis-sion]
 + rift    n.裂口，断裂；矛盾    [rift]
 + rive    v.撕开，分裂    [rive]
 + rupture    n./v.破裂，断裂    [rup-ture]
 - scissor    n.剪刀    [scis-sor]
 + scuff    v.拖着脚走    [scuff]
 + separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]
 + sever    v.切断，脱离    [sev-er]
 + slice    v.切成片；n.薄片    [slice]
 - snip    v.剪断    [snip]
 + split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]
 + sunder    v.分裂，分离    [sun-der]
 + tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 + unfasten    v.解开    [un-fas-ten]
 + unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]
 + whittle    v.削(木头)；削减    [whit-tle]
 + wrench    v.扭，拧；n.板钳，扳手    [wrench]

***** connection 45

 + anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 - bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 - bracket    n.托架，支架    [brack-et]
 - braid    n.穗子；发辫；v.编成辫子    [braid]
 + cement    n.水泥；胶粘剂；v.粘合，巩固    [ce-ment]
 - clamp    n.钳子；v.钳紧    [clamp]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - concatenate    v.连结；连锁    [con-cat-e-nate]
 + cord    n.考得(木材堆的体积单位，等于128立方英尺，3.6246立方米)；绳索    [cord]
 + cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 + denture    n.假牙    [den-ture]
 + girder    n.大梁    [gird-er]
 + girth    n.腰身；周长    [girth]
 + gum    n.树胶，橡皮    [gum]
 + guy    n.(铁塔等的)支索，牵索    [guy]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 - hinge    n.铰链；关键    [hinge]
 + hyphen    n.连字号(即“-”)    [hy-phen]
 + isthmus    n.地峡    [isth-mus]
 - junction    n.交叉路口；连接    [junc-tion]
 + lasso    n.套索(捕捉牛、马用)    [las-so]
 + mortar    n.小臼，乳钵；迫击炮    [mor-tar]
 + nexus    n.(看法等的)联系，连结    [nex-us]
 + plaster    n.灰泥，石膏；v.抹灰泥    [plas-ter]
 + prop    n.支撑物，靠山；v.支持    [prop]
 + rein    n.缰绳；v.控制    [rein]
 - rivet    n.铆钉；v.吸引(注意力)    [riv-et]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 + seine    n.拉网，大捕鱼网    [seine]
 + shackle    n.脚镣，枷锁    [shack-le]
 + skewer    n.(烤肉用的)穿肉杆；v.用杆穿好    [skew-er]
 - solder    v.焊接，焊合    [sol-der]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 + stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]
 + staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 + tackle    v.处理；n.滑车    [tack-le]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]
 - yoke    n.牛轭；v.控制，束缚    [yoke]

***** coherence 46

 + adhere    v.粘着    [ad-here]
 + adhesive    a.带粘性的，胶粘的；n.胶合剂    [ad-he-sive]
 + agglomerate    v.凝聚，结块    [ag-glom-er-ate]
 - cement    n.水泥；胶粘剂；v.粘合，巩固    [ce-ment]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - cleave    v.劈开；分裂    [cleave]
 + cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 + cohesive    a.凝聚的    [co-he-sive]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 + concrete    a.具体存在的；n.混凝土    [con-crete]
 + conglomerate    v.集聚成团    [con-glom-er-ate]
 + consolidate    v.巩固；(使)坚强；合并    [con-sol-i-date]
 + consolidation    n.合并，巩固    [con-sol-i-da-tion]
 - gum    n.树胶，橡皮    [gum]
 + hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - solder    v.焊接，焊合    [sol-der]
 + tenacious    a.坚韧不拔的    [te-na-cious]
 + tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]
 + weld    v.焊接，熔接；结合    [weld]

***** incoherence 47

 - detach    v.分离，分遣    [de-tach]
 - detached    a.分开的；超然的    [de-tached]
 - disjunction    n.分离，分裂    [dis-junc-tion]
 + drizzly    a.毛毛细雨的    [driz-zly]
 + loosen    v.变松，松开    [loos-en]
 + relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 + slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 + slacken    v.(使)松弛，放松    [slack-en]

***** combination 48

 + absorb    v.吸收；同化；吸引…的注意    [ab-sorb]
 - amalgam    n.混合物    [a-mal-gam]
 - amalgamate    v.合并；混合    [a-mal-gam-ate]
 + centralization    n.集中；集权化    [cen-tral-i-za-tion]
 - coalesce    v.联合，合并    [co-a-lesce]
 - compound    n.复合物；v.搀和    [com-pound]
 - consolidate    v.巩固；(使)坚强；合并    [con-sol-i-date]
 - embody    v.(作品等)表达，体现    [em-bod-y]
 - emulsify    v.使乳化    [e-mul-si-fy]
 + fusion    n.熔合；聚变    [fu-sion]
 + incorporate    v.合并，并入    [in-cor-po-rate]
 - ingrained    a.根深蒂固的    [in-grained]
 + interlocking    a.连锁的    [interlocking]
 - junction    n.交叉路口；连接    [junc-tion]
 - meld    v.(使)混合，(使)合并    [meld]
 - synthesis    n.综合，合成    [syn-the-sis]
 + unification    n.统一，一致    [u-ni-fi-ca-tion]

***** decomposition 49

 + analyze    v.分析，分解    [an-a-lyze]
 + decompose    v.(使)腐烂    [de-com-pose]
 - decomposition    n.分解，腐烂，崩溃    [de-com-po-si-tion]
 - disjunction    n.分离，分裂    [dis-junc-tion]
 - disperse    v.消散，驱散    [dis-perse]
 + disruptive    a.制造混乱的    [dis-rup-tive]
 - dissect    v.解剖    [dis-sect]
 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 + solvent    a.有偿债能力的；n.溶剂    [sol-vent]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]

*** 4. Concrete Quantity

***** whole 50

 + aggregate    v.集合；合计    [ag-gre-gate]
 + amass    v.积聚    [a-mass]
 - bulk    n.体积；数量；大多数；大身躯    [bulk]
 + comprehensive    a.全面的，综合的    [com-pre-hen-sive]
 - embody    v.(作品等)表达，体现    [em-bod-y]
 + ensemble    n.全体；大合唱    [en-sem-ble]
 + entirety    n.整体，全面    [en-tire-ty]
 + full-fledged    a.羽毛丰满的；成熟的    [full-fledged]
 + hulk    n.废船，船壳；笨重之人或物    [hulk]
 + hull    n.外壳；荚；船身；v.剥去外壳    [hull]
 + individual    a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体    [in-di-vid-u-al]
 + intact    a.完整的，未动过的    [in-tact]
 + integral    a.构成整体所必需的；完整的    [in-te-gral]
 + integrate    v.使成整体    [in-te-grate]
 + integrity    n.正直，诚实；完整    [in-teg-ri-ty]
 + lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 + tissue    n.细胞组织；薄纸，棉纸    [tis-sue]
 + trunk    n.树干；大衣箱    [trunk]

***** part 51

 + burgeon    v.迅速成长，发展    [bur-geon]
 - chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 + clause    n.从句；(法律等)条款    [clause]
 + compartment    n.隔间，车厢    [com-part-ment]
 + debris    n.废墟，残骸    [de-bris]
 + detritus    n.碎屑；废墟    [de-tri-tus]
 - dose    n.剂量，一剂    [dose]
 - fraction    n.碎片；小部分    [frac-tion]
 - fragment    n.碎片；分裂    [frag-ment]
 + frond    n.羊齿、棕榈等的叶子    [frond]
 + limb    n.肢(手或脚)，翼    [limb]
 + lobe    n.耳垂；(肺、肝等的)叶    [lobe]
 - lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 - morsel    n.一小块(食物)；小量    [mor-sel]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 + particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 + partition    n.隔开；隔墙    [par-ti-tion]
 + petal    n.花瓣    [pet-al]
 + scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 + scion    n.嫩芽；子孙    [sci-on]
 + segment    n.部分    [seg-ment]
 - slice    v.切成片；n.薄片    [slice]
 + sprig    n.嫩枝，小枝    [sprig]
 + twig    n.小枝，嫩枝    [twig]
 - unjustly    adv.不义地，不法地    [un-just-ly]
 + verse    n.诗歌    [verse]

***** completeness 52

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 - abundant    a.丰富的，盛产的    [a-bun-dant]
 - consummate    a.完全的，完善的；v.完成    [con-sum-mate]
 - entirety    n.整体，全面    [en-tire-ty]
 + exhaustive    a.彻底的，无遗漏的    [ex-haus-tive]
 + fraught    a.充满…的    [fraught]
 - full-fledged    a.羽毛丰满的；成熟的    [full-fledged]
 + replenish    v.补充，再装满    [re-plen-ish]
 + replete    a.饱满的，塞满的    [re-plete]
 + saturate    v.浸透；使充满    [sat-u-rate]
 + saturated    a.渗透的，饱和的    [sat-u-rat-ed]
 - sheer    a.完全的；陡峭的；极薄的    [sheer]
 + solidarity    n.团结，一致    [sol-i-dar-i-ty]
 - stark    a.(外表)僵硬的；完全的    [stark]
 - supplement    v./n.增补，补充    [sup-ple-ment]
 + unmitigated    a.未缓和的，未减轻的，全然的    [un-mit-i-gat-ed]
 + unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]
 - unspoiled    a.未损坏的，未宠坏的    [un-spoiled]

***** incompleteness 53

 - defect    n.缺点，瑕疵；v.变节，脱党    [de-fect]
 - deficiency    n.缺陷；不足    [de-fi-cien-cy]
 + deficit    n.不足，赤字    [def-i-cit]
 + garbled    a.引起误解的；窜改的    [garbled]
 - meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 + perfunctory    a.草率的，敷衍的    [per-func-to-ry]
 + sketchy    a.概略的，粗略的    [sketch-y]

***** composition 54

 + admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 + compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 + composed    a.镇定的，沉着的    [com-posed]
 + comprehend    v.理解；包括    [com-pre-hend]
 + constitute    v.组成，构成；建立    [con-sti-tute]
 - constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 + contain    v.包含，含有；控制；阻止，遏制    [con-tain]
 - embody    v.(作品等)表达，体现    [em-bod-y]
 + embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 + formation    n.组织，形成；(军队)编队    [for-ma-tion]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + implicate    v.牵连(于罪行中)    [im-pli-cate]
 + subsume    v.包含，包容    [sub-sume]

***** exclusion 55

 + banish    v.放逐某人    [ban-ish]
 + bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 - exclude    v.排斥；排除    [ex-clude]
 - exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 - garble    v.曲解，窜改    [gar-ble]
 + omit    v.省略，遗漏；疏忽    [o-mit]
 + relegate    v.降级，贬谪    [rel-e-gate]
 + repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]
 + weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]
 - winnow    v.把(谷物)的杂质吹掉，扬去    [win-now]

***** component 56

 + component    n.成分，零部件    [com-po-nent]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 + constituent    n.成分；选区内的选民    [con-stit-u-ent]
 - constitute    v.组成，构成；建立    [con-sti-tute]
 + feature    n.特色，特点，特征    [fea-ture]
 - inclusive    a.包含一切的，范围广的    [in-clu-sive]
 + ingredient    n.成分    [in-gre-di-ent]
 + leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 + personnel    n.全体人员，员工    [per-son-nel]

***** extraneousness 57

 - exceptional    a.特别(好)的    [ex-cep-tion-al]
 - extraneous    a.外来的；无关的    [ex-tra-ne-ous]
 + rookie    n.新兵，新手    [rook-ie]
 + slant    v.倾斜；n.斜面；看法    [slant]

** Section IV. Order

*** 1. Order in General

***** order 58

 - adjust    v.整顿，整理；适应    [ad-just]
 + array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 - disposition    n.处理；天性，气质    [dis-po-si-tion]
 - gradation    n.渐变；阶段，等级    [gra-da-tion]
 + methodical    a.细心的，有条不紊的    [me-thod-i-cal]
 - regulate    v.管制；调整    [reg-u-late]
 + shipshape    a.整洁的，井然有序的    [ship-shape]
 - symmetry    n.对称；均衡    [sym-me-try]
 + tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]

***** disorder 59

 + anarchy    n.无政府;政治上的混乱    [an-ar-chy]
 + anomalous    a.反常的；不规则的    [a-nom-a-lous]
 + anomaly    n.异常，反常    [a-nom-a-ly]
 + bedlam    n.混乱，骚乱    [bed-lam]
 + brawl    v./n.争吵，打架    [brawl]
 + chaos    n.混乱    [cha-os]
 + convulsion    n.骚动；痉挛    [con-vul-sion]
 + deranged    a.精神错乱的，有精神病的    [de-ranged]
 + desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 + disarray    n.混乱，漫无秩序    [dis-ar-ray]
 + discomfited    a.困惑的，尴尬的    [discomfited]
 - discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 + ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 + fracas    n.喧嚷，吵闹    [fra-cas]
 + gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 + hodgepodge    n.混淆；杂菜    [hodge-podge]
 + imbroglio    n.纠纷，纠葛    [im-bro-gli-o]
 - jumble    v.混杂，掺杂；n.混杂，掺杂    [jum-ble]
 + litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 + lumber    v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材    [lum-ber]
 - mash    v.捣成糊状    [mash]
 - medley    n.混合歌曲；混杂；各种各样的集团    [med-ley]
 + pandemonium    n.喧嚣，大混乱    [pan-de-mo-ni-um]
 + pell-mell    adv.混乱地    [pell-mell]
 + ravel    v.纠缠，纠结；拆开，拆散    [rav-el]
 + rhubarb    n.(植物)大黄；v./n.喧闹争吵    [rhu-barb]
 + riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 + riotous    a.暴乱的；蛮横的    [ri-ot-ous]
 + ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 + rumple    v.弄皱，弄乱    [rum-ple]
 + tumult    n.乱哄哄    [tu-mult]
 + turmoil    n.混乱，骚乱    [tur-moil]
 + uproar    n.喧闹，骚动    [up-roar]

***** complexity 59.a

 + complicate    v.使某事复杂化    [com-pli-cate]
 + gnarled    a.(树木)多节的；粗糙的    [gnarled]
 + implication    n.暗示    [im-pli-ca-tion]
 + intricacy    n.错综，复杂，纷乱    [in-tri-ca-cy]
 + intricate    a.复杂难懂的    [in-tri-cate]
 - irreducible    a.不能约的    [ir-re-duc-i-ble]
 + labyrinth    n.迷宫    [lab-y-rinth]

***** arrangement 60

 + align    v.将某物排列在一条直线上；与某人结盟    [a-lign]
 + classify    v.分类，归类    [clas-si-fy]
 - coordinate    n.同等物，坐标；v.使各部分协调; a.同等的    [co-or-di-nate]
 + digestion    n.消化，吸收    [di-ges-tion]
 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 + disposal    n.清除，处理    [dis-pos-al]
 + dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - disposition    n.处理；天性，气质    [dis-po-si-tion]
 + distribute    v.分发，分配某事物    [dis-trib-ute]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 - graduated    a.按等级(高度，困难等)分的    [grad-u-a-ted]
 + group    v.使…集合；n.群，集    [group]
 + indices    n.指数    [in-di-ces]
 + marshal    v.整理，安排，设置    [mar-shal]
 - methodical    a.细心的，有条不紊的    [me-thod-i-cal]
 + organism    n.生物；有机体    [or-gan-ism]
 + pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 + rally    v.召集，集会；n.召集；集会    [ral-ly]
 - ravel    v.纠缠，纠结；拆开，拆散    [rav-el]
 - regulate    v.管制；调整    [reg-u-late]
 + riddle    n.谜语    [rid-dle]
 + settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 - sift    v.筛，过滤    [sift]
 + synopsis    n.摘要，概要    [syn-op-sis]
 + table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 + thread    n.螺纹    [thread]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]

***** derangement 61

 + befuddlement    n.迷惑不解    [be-fud-dle-ment]
 - complicate    v.使某事复杂化    [com-pli-cate]
 + confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 + convulse    v.使震动，震惊    [con-vulse]
 - deranged    a.精神错乱的，有精神病的    [de-ranged]
 + discombobulate    v.扰乱，使困惑    [dis-com-bob-u-late]
 + discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 + disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 - dislocate    v.使脱臼；把…弄乱    [dis-lo-cate]
 + displace    v.换置；使某人某物离开原位    [dis-place]
 - entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 + fumble    v.摸索，笨拙搜寻；弄乱，搞糟    [fum-ble]
 - jumble    v.混杂，掺杂；n.混杂，掺杂    [jum-ble]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 + random    a.没有明确目的、计划或者目标的；偶然的，随便的    [ran-dom]
 - ravel    v.纠缠，纠结；拆开，拆散    [rav-el]
 - riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - rumple    v.弄皱，弄乱    [rum-ple]
 + scatter    v.散开，驱散    [scat-ter]
 + tangle    v.缠结；n.纷乱    [tan-gle]
 + toss    v.投，掷；使摇动    [toss]
 + unsettle    v.使不安宁，搅乱    [un-set-tle]

*** 2. Consecutive Order

***** precedence 62

 + antecedence    n.居先，优先    [an-te-ced-ence]
 + antecedent    n.前事；前辈；a.先行的    [an-te-ced-ent]
 + anterior    a.较早的，以前的    [an-te-ri-or]
 - precede    v.在…之前，早于    [pre-cede]
 + precursor    n.先驱，先兆    [pre-cur-sor]
 + preface    n.序言    [pref-ace]
 + preliminary    a.预备的；初步的，开始的    [pre-lim-i-nar-y]
 + prelude    n.序幕，前奏    [prel-ude]
 + premise    n.前提    [prem-ise]
 + priority    n.在先，居前；优先权    [pri-or-i-ty]
 - superiority    n.优越(感)    [su-pe-ri-or-i-ty]

***** sequence 63

 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 - continuation    n.继续，延续    [con-tin-u-a-tion]
 + ensue    v.继而发生    [en-sue]
 + proximate    a.最接近的，直接的    [prox-i-mate]
 + sequential    a.连续的，一连串的    [se-quen-tial]
 + subsequent    a.随后的，后来的，连续的    [sub-se-quent]

***** precursor 64

 - antecedent    n.前事；前辈；a.先行的    [an-te-ced-ent]
 + avant-garde    n.(艺术)先锋派    [a-vant-garde]
 + bellwether    n.领导者，领头羊    [bell-weth-er]
 + forerunner    n.预兆，前兆；先驱    [fore-run-ner]
 + harbinger    n.先驱，先兆    [har-bin-ger]
 + inaugural    a.就职的，开幕的    [in-au-gu-ral]
 + overture    n.前奏曲，序曲    [o-ver-ture]
 + preamble    n.前言，序言；先兆    [pre-am-ble]
 - precursor    n.先驱，先兆    [pre-cur-sor]
 + predecessor    n.前任，前辈；原先的东西    [pre-de-ces-sor]
 - preface    n.序言    [pref-ace]
 - preliminary    a.预备的；初步的，开始的    [pre-lim-i-nar-y]
 - prelude    n.序幕，前奏    [prel-ude]
 + prologue    n.开场白；序幕    [pro-logue]
 + symphony    n.交响乐，交响曲    [sym-pho-ny]

***** sequel 65

 - continuation    n.继续，延续    [con-tin-u-a-tion]
 + epilogue    n.收场白；尾声    [ep-i-logue]
 + outgrowth    n.自然结果；生长物    [out-growth]
 + queue    v.排队；n.长队    [queue]
 + retinue    n.侍从，随员团    [ret-i-nue]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]

***** beginning 66

 + broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 + brunt    n.主要冲击力或影响    [brunt]
 + bud    n.芽；花蕾    [bud]
 + caption    n.标题    [cap-tion]
 + commence    v.开始，倡导    [com-mence]
 + commencement    n.开始；(大学的)毕业典礼    [com-mence-ment]
 + conceive    v.想像，构想；怀孕    [con-ceive]
 + debut    n.初次登台，初次露面    [de-but]
 + entrance    v.使出神，使入迷    [en-trance]
 + entry    n.条目；登录；报关手续；入口    [en-try]
 + fetus    n.胎儿    [fe-tus]
 + foyer    n.门厅，休息室    [foy-er]
 + genesis    n.创始，起源    [gen-e-sis]
 + germ    n.胚芽，芽孢；微生物，细菌    [germ]
 - inaugural    a.就职的，开幕的    [in-au-gu-ral]
 + inaugurate    v.举行就职典礼；开创    [in-au-gu-rate]
 + inception    n.开端，开始；取得学位    [in-cep-tion]
 + inchoate    a.刚开始的；未发展的    [in-cho-ate]
 + incipient    a.初期的，刚出现的    [in-cip-i-ent]
 + initial    a.开始的，最初的；n.(姓名的)首字母    [in-i-tial]
 + initiate    v.发起，创始；接纳或介绍某人加入某团体等    [in-i-ti-ate]
 + initiative    n.主动；首创精神    [in-i-ti-a-tive]
 + materialize    v.赋予形体，使具体化；实现    [ma-te-ri-al-ize]
 + nascent    a.初生的，萌芽的    [nas-cent]
 + natal    a.出生的，诞生时的    [na-tal]
 + onset    n.(坏情况)开始发作    [on-set]
 + outset    n.开始，开头    [out-set]
 + premiere    n./v.首次公演    [pre-miere]
 + provenance    n.(艺术等的)出处，起源    [prov-e-nance]
 + resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 + ventilate    v.使…通风，透风    [ven-ti-late]

***** end 67

 - coda    n.乐曲的尾声    [co-da]
 + conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 + definitive    a.明确的，有权威的    [de-fin-i-tive]
 + denouement    n.(小说的)结尾，结局    [de-noue-ment]
 + determination    n.决心；确定；预测    [de-ter-mi-na-tion]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 + expiration    n.期满，终止    [ex-pi-ra-tion]
 + expire    v.期满；去世    [ex-pire]
 - extinction    n.熄灭；消灭    [ex-tinc-tion]
 + finale    n.最后，最终；乐曲的最后部分    [fi-na-le]
 - nib    n.钢笔尖    [nib]
 + penultimate    a.倒数第二的    [pe-nul-ti-mate]
 + settled    a.固定的    [settled]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]
 + terminal    a.末端的；n.终点站，终端    [ter-mi-nal]
 + terminate    v.终止，结束    [ter-mi-nate]
 + termination    n.终点    [ter-mi-na-tion]
 + terminus    n.(火车，汽车)终点站    [ter-mi-nus]
 + ultimate    a.最后的    [ul-ti-mate]

***** middle 68

 + equator    n.赤道    [e-qua-tor]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + mediate    v.调停    [me-di-ate]
 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 - neutron    n.中子    [neu-tron]
 + nucleus    n.(原子)核    [nu-cle-us]

***** continuity 69

 + ancestry    n.家系    [an-ces-try]
 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 + collate    v.对照，核对    [col-late]
 + colonnade    n.柱廊    [col-on-nade]
 + constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + genealogy    n.家谱学    [ge-ne-al-o-gy]
 - gradation    n.渐变；阶段，等级    [gra-da-tion]
 - lineage    n.宗系，血统    [lin-e-age]
 + linear    a.线的；成直线的    [lin-e-ar]
 - nexus    n.(看法等的)联系，连结    [nex-us]
 + perennial    a.终年的；永久的    [per-en-ni-al]
 + procession    n.行列；前进    [pro-ces-sion]
 - retinue    n.侍从，随员团    [ret-i-nue]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - sequential    a.连续的，一连串的    [se-quen-tial]
 + serial    a.连续的，一系列的    [se-ri-al]
 - thread    n.螺纹    [thread]
 + unremitting    a.不间断的，持续的    [un-re-mit-ting]

***** discontinuity 70

 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 + arrhythmic    a.无节奏的；不规则的    [arrhyth-mic]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 - discrete    a.个别的；不连续的    [dis-crete]
 - disjunction    n.分离，分裂    [dis-junc-tion]
 - disjunctive    a.分离的，相反的    [dis-junc-tive]
 + fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 + flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 - fracture    n.骨折；折断；裂口    [frac-ture]
 + intermission    n.暂停，间歇    [in-ter-mis-sion]
 + intermittent    a.断断续续的，间歇的    [in-ter-mit-tent]
 + interpose    v.置于…之间；使介入    [in-ter-pose]
 + interrupt    v.暂时中止；打断，打扰    [in-ter-rupt]
 + intervene    v.干涉，介入    [in-ter-vene]
 + scrappy    a.碎片的；好斗的；坚毅的    [scrap-py]
 + seismic    a.地震的    [seis-mic]

***** term 71

 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - status    n.身分，地位    [sta-tus]

*** 3. Collective Order

***** assemblage 72

 + accumulate    v.积聚，积累    [ac-cu-mu-late]
 - agglomerate    v.凝聚，结块    [ag-glom-er-ate]
 - aggregate    v.集合；合计    [ag-gre-gate]
 - amass    v.积聚    [a-mass]
 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 + assemble    v.集合，聚集    [as-sem-ble]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + bale    n.大包裹；灾祸，不幸    [bale]
 + band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 - batch    n.一批，一炉    [batch]
 + budget    n.预算    [budg-et]
 + cluster    n.串，束，群；v.成群，成串    [clus-ter]
 + collection    n.收藏品    [col-lec-tion]
 + colloquium    n.学术讨论会    [col-lo-qui-um]
 + compile    v.汇集；编辑    [com-pile]
 + concentrate    v.集中，浓缩    [con-cen-trate]
 + conclave    n.秘密会议    [con-clave]
 - conglomerate    v.集聚成团    [con-glom-er-ate]
 + congregate    v.聚集，集合    [con-gre-gate]
 + convoke    v.召集    [con-voke]
 + cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 + deluge    n.大洪水；暴雨    [del-uge]
 + drove    n.畜群；人群    [drove]
 + flock    n.羊群；鸟群    [flock]
 + galaxy    n.(银河)星群；显赫的人群    [gal-ax-y]
 + gavel    n.(法官所用的)槌，小木槌    [gav-el]
 - group    v.使…集合；n.群，集    [group]
 + herd    n.兽群；v.聚集    [herd]
 + levee    n.防洪堤；堤岸    [lev-ee]
 + levy    v./n.征税；征兵    [lev-y]
 - lot    n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分    [lot]
 - lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 + muster    v.召集，聚集    [mus-ter]
 - pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 + populous    a.人口稠密的    [pop-u-lous]
 + posse    n.武装团队    [pos-se]
 + precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 + press    v.挤压    [press]
 + rabble    n.乌合之众；下等人    [rab-ble]
 + rendezvous    n.约会；约会地点    [ren-dez-vous]
 + resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]
 + school    n.鱼群    [school]
 + serried    a.密集的    [ser-ried]
 + shoal    n.浅滩，浅水处；一群(鱼等)；a.水浅的    [shoal]
 - slew    v.(使)旋转；n.大量    [slew]
 + snowdrift    n.雪堆    [snow-drift]
 + spate    n.大批，大量；(水)泛滥    [spate]
 + stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 + surge    v.波涛汹涌，波动    [surge]
 + tamp    v.捣实，砸实    [tamp]
 + throng    n.一大群；v.拥挤    [throng]
 - tissue    n.细胞组织；薄纸，棉纸    [tis-sue]
 + troupe    n.歌唱团，剧团    [troupe]
 - truss    n.桁架，支架；干草的一捆    [truss]
 - unify    v.统一，使成一体；使相同    [u-ni-fy]
 + volley    n.齐发，群射；v.齐发，群射；(足球、网球)截击    [vol-ley]

***** nonassemblage, dispersion 73

 + aspersion    n.诽谤，中伤    [as-per-sion]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + diffuse    v.散布，(光等)漫射；a.漫射的，散漫的    [dif-fuse]
 - disjunction    n.分离，分裂    [dis-junc-tion]
 + dispel    v.驱散，消除    [dis-pel]
 + dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - disperse    v.消散，驱散    [dis-perse]
 + disseminate    v.散布，传播    [dis-sem-i-nate]
 - distribute    v.分发，分配某事物    [dis-trib-ute]
 - drizzly    a.毛毛细雨的    [driz-zly]
 + epidemic    a.传染性的，流行性的    [ep-i-dem-ic]
 + intersperse    v.散布；点缀    [in-ter-sperse]
 + issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + retail    v.零售；n.零售    [re-tail]
 - scatter    v.散开，驱散    [scat-ter]
 + shed    v.流出(眼泪等)；脱落(叶子)    [shed]
 + sow    n.母猪；v.播种    [sow]
 + sparse    a.稀少的，贫乏的    [sparse]
 + sporadic    a.不定时发生的    [spo-rad-ic]
 + stray    v.偏离，迷路；a.迷了路的；零落的    [stray]
 + strew    v.撒，散播    [strew]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]

***** focus 74

 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - rendezvous    n.约会；约会地点    [ren-dez-vous]

*** 4. Distributive Order

***** class 75

 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 + caste    n.社会等级，等级    [caste]
 - category    n.类别，范畴    [cat-e-go-ry]
 + denomination    n.命名；(长度，币值的)单位    [de-nom-i-na-tion]
 + designation    n.指定；名称，称呼    [des-ig-na-tion]
 + domain    n.领土；领域    [do-main]
 + genus    n.(动植物的)属    [ge-nus]
 + incubate    v.孵化    [in-cu-bate]
 + kidney    n.肾    [kid-ney]
 + kin    n.亲属    [kin]
 + terminology    n.术语，术语学    [ter-mi-nol-o-gy]

***** inclusion 76

 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 - comprehend    v.理解；包括    [com-pre-hend]
 - contain    v.包含，含有；控制；阻止，遏制    [con-tain]
 - embody    v.(作品等)表达，体现    [em-bod-y]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - inclusive    a.包含一切的，范围广的    [in-clu-sive]
 - pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 - subsume    v.包含，包容    [sub-sume]

***** exclusion 77



***** generality 78

 + catholic    a.普遍的；广泛的；(人)宽厚的    [cath-o-lic]
 - comprehensive    a.全面的，综合的    [com-pre-hen-sive]
 + cosmopolitanism    n.世界性，世界主义    [cos-mo-pol-i-tan-ism]
 + customary    a.合乎习俗的    [cus-tom-ar-y]
 - epidemic    a.传染性的，流行性的    [ep-i-dem-ic]
 - generality    n.概述    [gen-er-al-i-ty]
 + generalize    v.归纳    [gen-er-al-ize]
 + generic    a.种类的，类属的    [ge-ner-ic]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 + rife    a.流行的，普遍的    [rife]
 - transcendental    a.超越经验的    [tran-scen-den-tal]

***** speciality 79

 - appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 - characteristic    a.有特色的；典型性的；n.与众不同的特征    [char-ac-ter-is-tic]
 + definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 + denote    v.表示；指示意义    [de-note]
 + endemic    a.地方性的    [en-dem-ic]
 + esoteric    a.秘传的；神秘的    [es-o-ter-ic]
 - exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 + hallmark    n.(在金银上的)纯度印记；特征    [hall-mark]
 + indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 - individual    a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体    [in-di-vid-u-al]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 + particularize    v.详述，列举    [par-tic-u-lar-ize]
 + singularity    n.独特；奇点(天文学上密度无穷大、体积无穷小的点)    [sin-gu-lar-i-ty]
 + specialize    v.专门研究    [spe-cial-ize]
 + specialized    a.专门的    [spe-cial-ized]
 + trait    n.人的显著特性    [trait]
 + wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

*** 5. Order as Regards Categories

***** normality 80

 - customary    a.合乎习俗的    [cus-tom-ar-y]
 + familiarity    n.精通；亲近；不拘礼仪    [fa-mil-i-ar-i-ty]

***** multiformity 81

 + assorted    a.混杂的    [as-sort-ed]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 - diverse    a.不同的；多样的    [di-verse]
 - diversity    n.多样，千变万化    [di-ver-si-ty]
 - heterogeneous    a.异类的，不同的    [het-er-o-ge-ne-ous]
 + manifold    a.繁多的；多种的    [man-i-fold]
 - mosaic    n.马赛克；镶嵌细工(把小块玻璃石头等镶嵌成图画)    [mo-sa-ic]
 - motley    a.混杂的；杂色的    [mot-ley]
 + protean    a.变化多端的，多变的    [pro-te-an]

***** conformity 82

 - accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - adapt    v.使…适应；修改    [a-dapt]
 + canonical    a.符合规定的；经典的    [ca-non-i-cal]
 + cite    v.引用，引述    [cite]
 + comply    v.遵循，顺从    [com-ply]
 - conform    (to)v.符合或遵守公认的规则    [con-form]
 - conformity    n.一致，遵从；顺众    [con-form-i-ty]
 + conventional    a.因循守旧的，传统的    [con-ven-tion-al]
 + elucidate    v.阐明，说明    [e-lu-ci-date]
 + exemplify    v.是…的典型    [ex-em-pli-fy]
 + illustrate    v.为…作插图或图表；说明，阐明    [il-lus-trate]
 - nominal    a.名义上的，有名无实的    [nom-i-nal]
 + orthodox    a.正统的    [or-tho-dox]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 + purported    a.谣传的，声张的，号称的    [purported]
 + quote    v.引用，引述    [quote]
 + rigid    a.硬性的，刚硬的    [rig-id]
 - shipshape    a.整洁的，井然有序的    [ship-shape]
 + specimen    n.范例，样品，标本    [spec-i-men]
 - tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]

***** unconformity 83

 + aberrant    a.越轨的；异常的    [ab-er-rant]
 - aberration    n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形    [ab-er-ra-tion]
 + amorphous    a.无定形的    [a-mor-phous]
 - anomalous    a.反常的；不规则的    [a-nom-a-lous]
 - anomaly    n.异常，反常    [a-nom-a-ly]
 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 + asymmetric    a.不对称的    [a-sym-met-ric]
 + bewildering    a.令人迷惑的；费解的    [bewildering]
 + bizarre    a.奇异的，古怪的    [bi-zarre]
 - breach    n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背    [breach]
 + centaur    n.人头马怪物    [cen-taur]
 + chimera    n.神话怪物；梦幻    [chi-me-ra]
 + deviant    a.越出常规的    [de-vi-ant]
 + eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 + egregious    a.(缺点等)过分的，惊人的    [e-gre-gious]
 - exceptional    a.特别(好)的    [ex-cep-tion-al]
 - exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 - exotic    a.珍奇的；来自异国的    [ex-ot-ic]
 - heterogeneous    a.异类的，不同的    [het-er-o-ge-ne-ous]
 - hybrid    n.杂种；混血人    [hy-brid]
 + miracle    n.奇事，奇迹    [mir-a-cle]
 - mongrel    n.杂种动物；混血儿    [mon-grel]
 + nonconformist    adj./n.不遵照传统生活的(人)    [non-con-form-ist]
 - oasis    n.绿洲    [o-a-sis]
 + offbeat    a.不规则的，不平常的    [off-beat]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 - originality    n.创造性，独特性    [o-rig-i-nal-i-ty]
 - outlandish    a.古怪的    [out-land-ish]
 + pariah    n.贱民，被社会遗弃者    [pa-ri-ah]
 + phenomenal    a.显著的，非凡的    [phe-nom-e-nal]
 + phoenix    n.凤凰，永生或再生的象征    [phoe-nix]
 + preternatural    a.异常的)；超自然的    [pre-ter-nat-u-ral]
 + prodigy    n.奇事；奇才    [prod-i-gy]
 + quaint    a.离奇有趣的    [quaint]
 + qualified    a.有资格的；有限制的    [qual-i-fied]
 - singularity    n.独特；奇点(天文学上密度无穷大、体积无穷小的点)    [sin-gu-lar-i-ty]
 - stray    v.偏离，迷路；a.迷了路的；零落的    [stray]
 + unicorn    n.(传说中的)独角兽    [u-ni-corn]
 - unique    a.独一无二的，独特的；无与伦比的    [u-nique]
 - unprecedented    a.前所未有的    [un-prec-e-dent-ed]
 + unwonted    a.不寻常的，不习惯的    [un-wont-ed]

** Section V. Number

*** 1. Number, in the Abstract

***** number 84

 + base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 - comparison    n.比较，对照；比喻    [com-par-i-son]
 - complementary    a.互补的    [com-ple-men-ta-ry]
 + digit    n.手指，足趾；数字，数码    [dig-it]
 + exponent    n.说明者，支持者；指数    [ex-po-nent]
 + finite    a.有限的    [fi-nite]
 + formula    n.分子式；公式；套语，惯用语    [for-mu-la]
 - fraction    n.碎片；小部分    [frac-tion]
 - integral    a.构成整体所必需的；完整的    [in-te-gral]
 + multiple    a.多样的，多重的    [mul-ti-ple]
 + prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 + rational    a.理性的；合理的    [ra-tion-al]
 - reciprocal    a.相互的，互惠的    [re-cip-ro-cal]

***** numeration 85

 - addition    n.增加，附加    [ad-di-tion]
 + audit    v.审计，核对；旁听    [au-dit]
 + calculus    n.微积分学；结石    [cal-cu-lus]
 + census    n.人口统计    [cen-sus]
 + check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 - commensurate    a.同样大小的；相称的    [com-men-su-rate]
 + demonstrate    v.证明，论证；示威    [dem-on-strate]
 - enumerate    v.列举，枚举    [e-nu-mer-ate]
 - incommensurate    a.不成比例的，不相称的    [in-com-men-su-rate]
 + multiply    v.乘；增加；繁殖    [mul-ti-ply]
 - muster    v.召集，聚集    [mus-ter]
 + overhaul    v.彻底检查；大修    [o-ver-haul]
 + poll    n.民意测验；选举投票    [poll]
 + recapitulate    v.扼要重述    [re-ca-pit-u-late]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - subtract    v.减去，减掉    [sub-tract]
 + summation    n.总结，概要；总数，合计    [sum-ma-tion]
 - tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]

***** list 86

 + agenda    n.议程    [a-gen-da]
 + catalog    n.目录；系列    [cat-a-log]
 - census    n.人口统计    [cen-sus]
 - collate    v.对照，核对    [col-late]
 - enumerate    v.列举，枚举    [e-nu-mer-ate]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + glossary    n.词汇表；难词表    [glos-sa-ry]
 - indices    n.指数    [in-di-ces]
 + inventory    n.详细目录；存货清单    [in-ven-to-ry]
 + ledger    n.账簿    [ledg-er]
 + list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 + outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 + panel    n.专门小组；仪表板    [pan-el]
 + roster    n.值班表，花名册    [ros-ter]
 + scenario    n.剧情说明书；剧本    [sce-nar-i-o]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - synopsis    n.摘要，概要    [syn-op-sis]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 - tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]
 - terminology    n.术语，术语学    [ter-mi-nol-o-gy]

*** 2. Determinate Number

***** unity 87

 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 + dreary    a.沉闷的，乏味的    [drear-y]
 - individual    a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体    [in-di-vid-u-al]
 - insular    a.岛屿的；心胸狭窄的    [in-su-lar]
 - interlocking    a.连锁的    [interlocking]
 - isolate    v.孤立；将…从其种群中隔离    [i-so-late]
 + solitary    a.孤独的；n.隐士    [sol-i-tar-y]
 + solitude    n.孤独    [sol-i-tude]
 + unidimensional    a.一方面的；一维的    [unidimensional]
 - unification    n.统一，一致    [u-ni-fi-ca-tion]
 - unique    a.独一无二的，独特的；无与伦比的    [u-nique]

***** accompaniment 88

 - accessory    a.附属的，次要的    [ac-ces-so-ry]
 + accompany    v.伴随，陪伴    [ac-com-pa-ny]
 - adjunct    n.附加物，附件    [ad-junct]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + attribute    n.属性，品质；v.把…归于    [at-trib-ute]
 + companion    n.同伴，同伙；受雇的陪伴人    [com-pan-ion]
 + concomitant    a.伴随而来的    [con-com-i-tant]
 - context    n.(语句等的)上下文    [con-text]
 + insider    n.局内人，圈内人    [in-sid-er]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + synergic    a.协同作用的    [synergic]

***** duality 89

 + ambivalence    n.矛盾心理    [am-biv-a-lence]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 - bracket    n.托架，支架    [brack-et]
 + dual    a.双重的    [du-al]
 + duet    n.二重唱    [du-et]
 + duplicity    n.欺骗，口是心非    [du-plic-i-ty]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + polarity    n.极端性，二极分化    [po-lar-i-ty]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 - yoke    n.牛轭；v.控制，束缚    [yoke]

***** duplication 90



***** bisection 91

 + bifurcate    v.分为两支，分叉    [bi-fur-cate]
 + cleft    n.裂缝；a.劈开的    [cleft]
 + fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 + ramify    v.分支，分叉    [ram-i-fy]
 + riven    a.撕裂的，分裂的    [riv-en]
 - separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]

***** triality 92

 + trilogy    n.三部曲    [tril-o-gy]
 + trio    n.三重奏，三重唱；三人一组    [tri-o]
 + tripod    n.画架，三脚架    [tri-pod]

***** triplication 93

 - trilogy    n.三部曲    [tril-o-gy]

***** trisection 94



***** four 95

 + quartet    n.四重奏，四重唱    [quar-tet]
 + rectangle    n.长方形，矩形    [rec-tan-gle]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]

***** quadruplication 96



***** quadrisection 97

 + gallon    n.加仑    [gal-lon]

***** five, &c 98

 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 + myriad    a.许多的，无数的    [myr-i-ad]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 + secular    a.世俗的，尘世的    [sec-u-lar]

***** quinquesection, &c 99

 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]

*** 3. Indeterminate Number

***** plurality 100



***** fraction 100.a

 - fraction    n.碎片；小部分    [frac-tion]
 - infinitesimal    a.极微小的；n.极小量    [in-fin-i-tes-i-mal]

***** zero 101

 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 - void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]

***** multitude 102

 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 + brood    n.一窝幼鸟；v.孵蛋；冥想    [brood]
 + creep    v.匍匐前进；悄悄地移动    [creep]
 - drove    n.畜群；人群    [drove]
 + flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - flock    n.羊群；鸟群    [flock]
 - galaxy    n.(银河)星群；显赫的人群    [gal-ax-y]
 - herd    n.兽群；v.聚集    [herd]
 + hive    n.蜂房；忙碌之地    [hive]
 + legion    n.兵团；一大群    [le-gion]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 - manifold    a.繁多的；多种的    [man-i-fold]
 - multiple    a.多样的，多重的    [mul-ti-ple]
 + multiplicity    n.多样性    [mul-ti-plic-i-ty]
 - multiply    v.乘；增加；繁殖    [mul-ti-ply]
 + numerous    a.许多的，很多的    [nu-mer-ous]
 - peck    v.啄食；轻啄    [peck]
 - populous    a.人口稠密的    [pop-u-lous]
 + profuse    a.很多的；浪费的    [pro-fuse]
 - shoal    n.浅滩，浅水处；一群(鱼等)；a.水浅的    [shoal]

***** fewness 103

 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 - eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 - paucity    n.小量，缺乏    [pau-ci-ty]
 - scant    a.不足的，缺乏的    [scant]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]

***** repetition 104

 + bromide    n.平庸的人或话    [bro-mide]
 + frequent    v.时常来访；a.惯常的    [fre-quent]
 + hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 + incessant    a.无间断的，连续的    [in-ces-sant]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - monotony    n.单调，千篇一律    [mo-not-o-ny]
 - recapitulate    v.扼要重述    [re-ca-pit-u-late]
 + redundancy    n.过剩；备份；似乎多余其实重要的后备力量    [re-dun-dan-cy]
 + redundant    a.累赘的，多余的    [re-dun-dant]
 + refrain    v.抑制；n.歌曲的反复句，叠句    [re-frain]
 + rehearsal    n.排演，演习    [re-hears-al]
 + rehearse    v.排练，预演；详述    [re-hearse]
 + reiterate    v.重申，反复地说    [re-it-er-ate]
 - resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 + revert    v.恢复，回复到；重新考虑    [re-vert]
 + thematic    a.主题的    [the-mat-ic]

***** infinity 105

 - immense    a.极大的；无限的    [im-mense]
 + inexhaustible    a.用不完的，取之不竭的    [in-ex-haust-i-ble]
 - infinity    n.无限的时间或空间    [in-fin-i-ty]
 + interminable    a.无尽头的    [in-ter-mi-na-ble]
 + perpetual    a.连续不断的；永久的    [per-pet-u-al]
 + untold    a.无数的，数不清的    [un-told]

** Section VI. Time

*** 1. Absolute Time

***** time 106

 + duration    n.持续的时间    [du-ra-tion]
 + epoch    n.纪元；重大的事件    [e-poch]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + interim    n.中间时期，过渡时期；a.暂时的    [in-ter-im]
 + interlude    n.(活动间的)暂时休息    [in-ter-lude]
 - intermission    n.暂停，间歇    [in-ter-mis-sion]
 + interregnum    n.无王时期    [in-ter-reg-num]
 - intervene    v.干涉，介入    [in-ter-vene]
 + moment    n.瞬间；重要    [mo-ment]
 + pending    a.即将发生的；未决的    [pend-ing]
 + permanent    a.长久的，永久的    [per-ma-nent]
 + respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]
 + scythe    n.大镰刀    [scythe]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 + spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]

***** neverness 107



***** period 108

 - epoch    n.纪元；重大的事件    [e-poch]
 - generation    n.一代人；(产品类型的)代；产生，发生    [gen-er-a-tion]

***** contingent duration 108.a



***** course 109

 - duration    n.持续的时间    [du-ra-tion]
 - expire    v.期满；去世    [ex-pire]
 + flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 + glide    v.滑行，滑动    [glide]
 + lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]

***** diuturnity 110

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 + chronic    a.慢性的，长期的    [chron-ic]
 - endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 + lasting    a.持久的，永久的    [last-ing]
 + long-winded    a.冗长的    [long-wind-ed]
 + longevity    n.长寿    [lon-gev-i-ty]
 - perennial    a.终年的；永久的    [per-en-ni-al]
 + permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - permanent    a.长久的，永久的    [per-ma-nent]
 - perpetual    a.连续不断的；永久的    [per-pet-u-al]
 + persistence    n.坚持不懈，持续    [per-sis-tence]
 + prolong    v.延长，拉长    [pro-long]
 + protract    v.延长，拖长    [pro-tract]
 + spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]
 - survive    v.幸存    [sur-vive]
 + tauten    v.拉紧，绷紧    [taut-en]
 + temporize    v.拖延；见风使舵    [tem-po-rize]
 - unremitting    a.不间断的，持续的    [un-re-mit-ting]

***** transientness 111

 + airborne    a.空气传播的；空运的    [air-borne]
 + brisk    a.敏捷的，活泼的；清新健康的    [brisk]
 + cursory    a.粗略的，草率的    [cur-so-ry]
 + deciduous    a.非永久的；短暂的；脱落的；落叶的    [de-cid-u-ous]
 + ephemeral    a.朝生暮死的；生命短暂的    [e-phem-er-al]
 - evanescent    a.迅速消失的，短暂的    [ev-a-nes-cent]
 - evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 + extemporaneous    a.即席的，没有准备的    [ex-tem-po-ra-ne-ous]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 + fleeting    a.短暂的，飞逝的    [fleet-ing]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 + impermanent    a.暂时的    [im-per-ma-nent]
 + instantaneous    a.立即的；瞬间发生的    [in-stan-ta-ne-ous]
 - interregnum    n.无王时期    [in-ter-reg-num]
 + mortality    n.死亡率    [mor-tal-i-ty]
 + precarious    a.不稳的，危险的    [pre-car-i-ous]
 - provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 + provisory    a.有附带条件的    [pro-vi-so-ry]
 + slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 + summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]
 + temporal    a.时间的；世俗的    [tem-po-ral]
 + transience    n.短暂    [tran-sience]
 + transient    a.短暂的，转瞬即逝的    [tran-si-ent]
 + transitory    a.短暂的    [tran-si-to-ry]
 + velocity    n.速度；迅速    [ve-loc-i-ty]

***** perpetuity 112

 + eternal    a.永久的，永恒的    [e-ter-nal]
 - incessant    a.无间断的，连续的    [in-ces-sant]
 - interminable    a.无尽头的    [in-ter-mi-na-ble]
 - permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - perpetual    a.连续不断的；永久的    [per-pet-u-al]
 + perpetuate    v.使永存，使永记不忘    [per-pet-u-ate]

***** instantaneity 113

 + coup    n.意外而成功的行动    [cou-p]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - epoch    n.纪元；重大的事件    [e-poch]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 + hasty    a.急急忙忙的    [has-ty]
 - instantaneous    a.立即的；瞬间发生的    [in-stan-ta-ne-ous]
 - moment    n.瞬间；重要    [mo-ment]
 + precipitant    n.沉淀剂    [pre-cip-i-tant]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 + swift    a.迅速的；敏捷的    [swift]

***** chronometry 114

 + annals    n.编年史    [an-nals]
 - epoch    n.纪元；重大的事件    [e-poch]
 + pendulum    n.摆，钟摆    [pen-du-lum]

***** anachronism 115

 + anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + overdue    a.过期未付的；逾期的    [o-ver-due]

*** 2. Relative Time

*** 1. Time with Reference to Succession

***** priority 116

 - antecedence    n.居先，优先    [an-te-ced-ence]
 - antecedent    n.前事；前辈；a.先行的    [an-te-ced-ent]
 - anterior    a.较早的，以前的    [an-te-ri-or]
 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + erstwhile    a.从前的，过去的    [erst-while]
 + forestall    v.先发制人，预先阻止    [fore-stall]
 - precede    v.在…之前，早于    [pre-cede]
 - precursor    n.先驱，先兆    [pre-cur-sor]
 + presage    n.预感；v.预示    [pres-age]
 + previous    a.在先的，以前的    [pre-vi-ous]
 - priority    n.在先，居前；优先权    [pri-or-i-ty]

***** posteriority 117

 - ensue    v.继而发生    [en-sue]
 - remainder    n.剩余物    [re-main-der]
 - subsequent    a.随后的，后来的，连续的    [sub-se-quent]

***** the present time 118

 - epoch    n.纪元；重大的事件    [e-poch]
 - extant    a.现存的，传世的    [ex-tant]

***** different time 119



***** synchronism 120

 - accompany    v.伴随，陪伴    [ac-com-pa-ny]
 + coeval    a.同年代的    [co-e-val]
 - concomitant    a.伴随而来的    [con-com-i-tant]
 + concur    v.意见相同，一致    [con-cur]
 - coterminous    a.毗连的，有共同边界的    [co-ter-mi-nous]
 - interim    n.中间时期，过渡时期；a.暂时的    [in-ter-im]
 + simultaneous    a.同时发生的    [si-mul-ta-ne-ous]
 + synchronous    a.同时发生的    [syn-chro-nous]

***** futurity 121

 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + approach    v.接近，靠近；着手处理；n.方法    [ap-proach]
 - brink    n.(峭壁的)边沿，边缘    [brink]
 + foresight    n.远见，深谋远虑    [fore-sight]
 - forestall    v.先发制人，预先阻止    [fore-stall]
 + prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]

***** the past 122

 - ancestry    n.家系    [an-ces-try]
 + antediluvian    a.史前的；陈旧的    [an-te-di-lu-vi-an]
 + antiquity    n.古；古人；古迹    [an-tiq-ui-ty]
 + archaeology    n.考古学    [ar-chae-ol-o-gy]
 - erstwhile    a.从前的，过去的    [erst-while]
 - extinct    a.绝种的，不存在的    [ex-tinct]
 + hitherto    adv.到目前为止    [hith-er-to]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 + neolithic    a.新石器时代的    [neolithic]
 + obsolete    a.废弃的；过时的    [ob-so-lete]
 + paleontology    n.古生物学    [pa-le-on-tol-o-gy]
 + pristine    a.太古的；纯洁的；新鲜的    [pris-tine]

*** 2. Time with Reference to a Particular Period

***** newness 123

 + green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - innovation    n.创新，改革    [in-no-va-tion]
 + mushroom    n.蘑菇；v.雨后春笋般迅速发展    [mush-room]
 - nascent    a.初生的，萌芽的    [nas-cent]
 - novelty    n.新奇(的事物)    [nov-el-ty]
 + untapped    a.未开发的，未利用的    [un-tapped]

***** oldness 124

 - antediluvian    a.史前的；陈旧的    [an-te-di-lu-vi-an]
 + antiquated    a.陈旧的，过时的    [an-ti-quat-ed]
 + antique    a.古时的，古老的；n.古物，古董    [an-tique]
 - antiquity    n.古；古人；古迹    [an-tiq-ui-ty]
 - customary    a.合乎习俗的    [cus-tom-ar-y]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - erstwhile    a.从前的，过去的    [erst-while]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 + immemorial    a.太古的，极古的    [im-me-mo-ri-al]
 + inveterate    a.积习已深的    [in-vet-er-ate]
 + maturity    n.成熟，完备    [ma-tur-i-ty]
 + medieval    a.中世纪的，中古的    [me-di-e-val]
 + obsolescent    a.即将过时的    [ob-so-les-cent]
 - obsolete    a.废弃的；过时的    [ob-so-lete]
 + outmoded    a.不再流行的    [out-mod-ed]
 + paleolithic    a.旧石器时代的    [paleolithic]
 - petroglyph    n.岩石雕刻    [pet-ro-glyph]
 + prehistoric    a.史前的    [pre-his-tor-ic]
 + prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 + stale    a.不新鲜的，陈腐的    [stale]

***** morning 125

 + lark    n./v.玩乐，嬉耍    [lark]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]

***** evening 126

 + nocturnal    a.夜晚的，夜间发生的    [noc-tur-nal]

***** youth 127

 + callow    a.(鸟)未生羽毛的；(人)未成熟的    [cal-low]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 + incubator    n.孵卵器；早产婴儿保育箱    [in-cu-ba-tor]
 + juvenile    a.少年的，似少年的    [ju-ve-nile]

***** age 128

 - antiquated    a.陈旧的，过时的    [an-ti-quat-ed]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 + decrepit    a.衰老的，破旧的    [de-crep-it]
 + dodder    v.蹒跚，摇摆    [dod-der]
 + doting    a.溺爱的    [dot-ing]
 + doyen    n.老前辈    [doy-en]
 + effete    a.无生产力；虚弱的    [ef-fete]
 + hoary    a.(头发)灰白的；古老的    [hoar-y]
 - longevity    n.长寿    [lon-gev-i-ty]
 - obsolescent    a.即将过时的    [ob-so-les-cent]
 - outmoded    a.不再流行的    [out-mod-ed]
 - wane    v.减少，衰微    [wane]

***** infant 129

 + brat    n.孩子；顽童    [brat]
 + cadet    n.军校或警官学校的学生    [ca-det]
 - callow    a.(鸟)未生羽毛的；(人)未成熟的    [cal-low]
 + caterpillar    n.毛毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫    [cat-er-pil-lar]
 + cocoon    n.茧    [co-coon]
 + coltish    a.似小马的；不受拘束的    [colt-ish]
 + conifer    n.针叶树    [co-ni-fer]
 + cub    n.幼兽；年轻无经验的人    [cub]
 + duckling    n.雏鸭，小鸭    [duck-ling]
 + fledgling    n.正在学习飞行的幼鸟；无经验的人    [fledg-ling]
 + infant    n.婴儿    [in-fant]
 + infantile    a.幼稚的，孩子气的    [in-fan-tile]
 + larva    n.(昆虫的)幼虫    [lar-va]
 + puerile    a.幼稚的；儿童的    [pu-er-ile]
 + pullet    n.小母鸡    [pul-let]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 - scion    n.嫩芽；子孙    [sci-on]
 + seedling    n.幼苗    [seed-ling]
 + tadpole    n.蝌蚪    [tad-pole]

***** veteran 130

 + octogenarian    n.80～89岁的老人    [oc-to-ge-nar-i-an]
 + veteran    n.老兵，老手；a.经验丰富的    [vet-er-an]

***** adolescence 131

 + adolescent    a.青春期的；n.青少年    [ad-o-les-cent]
 + mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 + nubile    a.(女孩)到婚嫁年龄的；吸引人的    [nu-bile]

*** 3. Time with Reference to an Effect or Purpose

***** earliness 132

 + accelerate    v.加速；促进    [ac-cel-er-ate]
 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + anticipatory    a.预想的，预期的    [an-tic-i-pa-to-ry]
 - forestall    v.先发制人，预先阻止    [fore-stall]
 + forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 + offhand    adv./a.事先无准备地(的)；随便地(的)    [off-hand]
 + perfunctorily    adv.敷衍地，潦草地，表面地    [per-func-to-ri-ly]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 + precipitation    n.降水(量)    [pre-cip-i-ta-tion]
 + precocious    a.早熟的    [pre-co-cious]
 + premature    a.过早的，早熟的    [pre-ma-ture]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 + prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 + summarily    adv.概括地；仓促地    [sum-mar-i-ly]
 - summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]

***** punctuality 132.a

 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 + timely    a.适时的，及时的    [time-ly]

***** lateness 133

 + adjourn    v.使延期，推迟；休会    [ad-journ]
 + anachronistic    a.年代出错的    [a-nach-ro-nis-tic]
 + belated    a.来得太迟的    [be-lat-ed]
 + dally    v.闲荡，嬉戏    [dal-ly]
 + dawdle    v.闲荡，虚度    [daw-dle]
 + defer    v.推延；听从    [de-fer]
 + dilatory    a.慢吞吞的，磨蹭的    [di-la-to-ry]
 + linger    v.逗留，留恋    [lin-ger]
 + moratorium    n.停止偿付；禁止活动    [mor-a-to-ri-um]
 + postpone    v.使延期，推迟    [post-pone]
 + procrastinate    v.耽搁，拖延    [pro-cras-ti-nate]
 - prolong    v.延长，拉长    [pro-long]
 - protract    v.延长，拖长    [pro-tract]
 + reprieve    v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂时解救    [re-prieve]
 + reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]
 + retard    v.妨碍；减速    [re-tard]
 - spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]
 + stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 + suspend    v.暂缓，中止；吊，悬    [sus-pend]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 + tardy    a.缓慢的，迟缓的    [tar-dy]
 - temporize    v.拖延；见风使舵    [tem-po-rize]
 + untimely    a.过早的；不适时的    [un-time-ly]

***** occasion 134

 + auspicious    a.幸运的；吉兆的    [aus-pi-cious]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 + favorable    a.有利的；赞成的    [fa-vor-a-ble]
 + opportune    a.合适的，适当的    [op-por-tune]
 + propitious    a.吉利的；顺利的    [pro-pi-tious]
 + providential    a.幸运的；恰到好处的    [prov-i-den-tial]
 - timely    a.适时的，及时的    [time-ly]

***** untimeliness 135

 - anachronistic    a.年代出错的    [a-nach-ro-nis-tic]
 + infelicitous    a.不幸的，不妥当的    [in-fe-lic-i-tous]
 - intrude    v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入    [in-trude]
 - premature    a.过早的，早熟的    [pre-ma-ture]
 - untimely    a.过早的；不适时的    [un-time-ly]
 + untoward    a.不幸的，(坏事)没料到的    [un-to-ward]

*** 3. Recurrent Time

***** frequency 136

 + boring    a.无趣的，乏味的    [bor-ing]
 - conformity    n.一致，遵从；顺众    [con-form-i-ty]
 - constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - customary    a.合乎习俗的    [cus-tom-ar-y]
 - formula    n.分子式；公式；套语，惯用语    [for-mu-la]
 + frequency    n.频率    [fre-quen-cy]
 - frequent    v.时常来访；a.惯常的    [fre-quent]
 - incessant    a.无间断的，连续的    [in-ces-sant]
 - perpetual    a.连续不断的；永久的    [per-pet-u-al]
 + trivial    a.琐细的    [triv-i-al]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]

***** infrequency 137

 - unprecedented    a.前所未有的    [un-prec-e-dent-ed]

***** regularity of recurrence 138

 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + bout    n.一回合，一阵    [bout]
 + cyclical    a.循环的    [cy-cli-cal]
 + diurnal    a.白昼的，白天的    [di-ur-nal]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - intermittent    a.断断续续的，间歇的    [in-ter-mit-tent]
 + periodical    n.期刊    [pe-ri-od-i-cal]
 + pulse    v.搏动，跳动；n.脉搏；脉冲    [pulse]
 + quotidian    a.每日的；平凡的    [quo-tid-i-an]
 + reportorial    a.记者的；记实的    [re-por-to-ri-al]
 + rhythmic    a.有节奏的    [rhyth-mic]
 - secular    a.世俗的，尘世的    [sec-u-lar]
 - serial    a.连续的，一系列的    [se-ri-al]
 - thematic    a.主题的    [the-mat-ic]

***** irregularity of recurrence 139

 + capricious    a.变化无常的，任性的    [ca-pri-cious]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]

** Section VII. Change

*** 1. Simple Change

***** change 140

 + alter    v.改变，更改    [al-ter]
 - deviate    v.越轨，脱离    [de-vi-ate]
 - deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 - innovation    n.创新，改革    [in-no-va-tion]
 + metamorphose    v.变形    [met-a-mor-phose]
 - modify    v.修改，变更    [mod-i-fy]
 + modulate    v.调整(音的强弱)    [mod-u-late]
 + mutate    v.变异    [mu-tate]
 + realign    v.重新组合(排列)    [re-a-lign]
 + recast    v.重铸；更换演员    [re-cast]
 - resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 - swerve    v.突然改变方向    [swerve]
 + tamper    v.损害，窜改    [tam-per]
 + transfigure    v.美化，改观    [trans-fig-ure]
 + transmute    v.变化，变作    [trans-mute]
 + veer    v.转向，改变(话题等)    [veer]
 + warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]

***** permanence 141

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 + conservative    a.保守的，守旧的    [con-serv-a-tive]
 - endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - intact    a.完整的，未动过的    [in-tact]
 + maintenance    n.维持，维护    [main-te-nance]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 + obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 - permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - permanent    a.长久的，永久的    [per-ma-nent]
 - persistence    n.坚持不懈，持续    [per-sis-tence]
 + stationary    a.静止的，不动的    [sta-tion-ar-y]
 - survive    v.幸存    [sur-vive]
 + unfailing    a.无尽的，无穷的    [un-fail-ing]

***** cessation 142

 - abeyance    n.中止，搁置    [a-bey-ance]
 + arrest    v.依法逮捕；阻止，抑制    [ar-rest]
 + blockage    n.障碍物    [block-age]
 + cessation    n.中止，(短暂的)停止    [ces-sa-tion]
 + cloture    n.辩论的终结    [clo-ture]
 + colon    n.冒号    [co-lon]
 + comma    n.逗号    [com-ma]
 + deactivate    v.使无效    [de-ac-ti-vate]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - intermission    n.暂停，间歇    [in-ter-mis-sion]
 - interregnum    n.无王时期    [in-ter-reg-num]
 - interrupt    v.暂时中止；打断，打扰    [in-ter-rupt]
 + lull    n.活动的暂停；v.使平静    [lull]
 - respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]
 - suspend    v.暂缓，中止；吊，悬    [sus-pend]
 + suspense    n.悬念；挂念    [sus-pense]
 + truce    n.停战，休战(协定)    [truce]

***** continuance in action 143

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 - continuation    n.继续，延续    [con-tin-u-a-tion]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 - perpetuate    v.使永存，使永记不忘    [per-pet-u-ate]
 - persistence    n.坚持不懈，持续    [per-sis-tence]
 + pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]
 + sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 + sustained    a.持久的，经久不衰的    [sustained]
 + uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]

***** conversion 144

 + alchemy    n.炼金术    [al-che-my]
 + apostate    n.背教者；变节者    [a-pos-tate]
 - assimilate    v.同化；吸收    [as-sim-i-late]
 + assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 + caldron    n.(煮汤用的)大锅    [cal-dron]
 + convert    v.使改变(信仰等)；n.改变信仰的人    [con-vert]
 - convertible    a.可转换的；n.敞篷车    [con-vert-i-ble]
 + flux    n.不断的变动，动荡不定    [flux]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + osmosis    n.渗透；潜移默化    [os-mo-sis]
 + render    v.呈递，表现；提供    [ren-der]
 + renegade    n.叛教者，叛徒    [ren-e-gade]
 + retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 + transition    n.过渡时期，转变    [tran-si-tion]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** reversion 145

 + reactionary    a.保守的，反动的    [re-ac-tion-ar-y]
 + recessive    a.隐性遗传的；后退的    [re-ces-sive]
 + recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 + regress    v.使倒退，复原，逆行    [re-gress]
 + regressive    a.退步的，退化的    [re-gres-sive]
 + relapse    n.旧病复发；再恶化；v.旧病复发，再恶化    [re-lapse]
 + restore    v.使回复，恢复；修复，修补    [re-store]
 + retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - revert    v.恢复，回复到；重新考虑    [re-vert]

***** revolution 146

 + cataclysm    n.剧变，灾难(常指大洪水或地震)    [cat-a-clysm]
 - convulsion    n.骚动；痉挛    [con-vul-sion]
 + jerk    n./v.突然猛拉    [jerk]
 + legerdemain    n.手法；戏法    [leg-er-de-main]
 + plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 - recast    v.重铸；更换演员    [re-cast]

***** substitution 147

 + commute    v.交换；坐公交车上下班    [com-mute]
 + dummy    n.人体模型，假人    [dum-my]
 - equivalent    a.相等的，等值的    [e-quiv-a-lent]
 + ersatz    a.代用的，假的    [er-satz]
 + metaphor    n.隐喻，暗喻    [met-a-phor]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 + substitute    n.代替品；v.代替    [sub-sti-tute]
 + supersede    v.淘汰，取代    [su-per-sede]
 + supplant    v.排挤，取代    [sup-plant]
 + understudy    n.预备演员，替角；v.充当…的替角    [un-der-stud-y]
 + vicarious    a.替代的，代理的    [vi-car-i-ous]

***** interchange 148

 - barter    v.易货贸易    [bar-ter]
 - commute    v.交换；坐公交车上下班    [com-mute]
 - interchangeable    a.可互换的    [in-ter-change-a-ble]
 + interplay    v./n.相互影响    [in-ter-play]
 - reciprocal    a.相互的，互惠的    [re-cip-ro-cal]
 - reciprocate    v.回报，答谢    [re-cip-ro-cate]
 + recombine    v.重组，再结合    [re-com-bine]
 + requite    v.报答；报复    [re-quite]
 + retaliate    v.报复，反击    [re-tal-i-ate]
 + transpose    v.变换位置，调换    [trans-pose]

*** 2. Complex Change

***** changeableness 149

 + agitated    a.被鼓动的；不安的    [ag-i-tat-ed]
 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 - arrhythmic    a.无节奏的；不规则的    [arrhyth-mic]
 - capricious    a.变化无常的，任性的    [ca-pri-cious]
 + chameleon    n.变色龙，蜥蜴；善变之人    [cha-me-le-on]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 + erratic    a.反复无常的；古怪的    [er-rat-ic]
 + fickle    a.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的    [fick-le]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 + flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 + fluctuate    v.波动；变化    [fluc-tu-ate]
 + flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 + inconstancy    n.(指人)反复无常    [in-con-stan-cy]
 + labile    a.不稳定的    [la-bile]
 + mobile    a.易于移动的    [mo-bile]
 + mobility    n.可动性，流动性    [mo-bil-i-ty]
 + oscillate    v.摆动；犹豫    [os-cil-late]
 - protean    a.变化多端的，多变的    [pro-te-an]
 + restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 + spineless    a.没骨气的，懦弱的    [spine-less]
 + teeter    v.摇摆，踌躇    [tee-ter]
 + totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]
 - transient    a.短暂的，转瞬即逝的    [tran-si-ent]
 + vacillate    v.游移不定，踌躇    [vac-il-late]
 + vagrant    a.漂泊的；n.流浪汉，无赖    [va-grant]
 + versatile    a.多才多艺的；多用途的    [ver-sa-tile]
 + vibrancy    n.生机勃勃，活泼    [vi-bran-cy]
 + vicissitudinous    a.有变化的，变迁的    [vicissitudinous]
 + waffle    n.蛋奶烘饼；v.胡扯，唠叨    [waf-fle]
 + waver    v.摇摆，犹豫    [wa-ver]

***** stability 150

 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 + aplomb    n.沉着，镇静    [a-plomb]
 - constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - deterioration    n.恶化，堕落    [de-te-ri-o-ra-tion]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - fasten    v.使…固定(to fix sth. firmly)    [fas-ten]
 + homeostasis    n.体内平衡    [ho-me-o-sta-sis]
 + incontrovertible    a.无可辩驳的    [in-con-tro-vert-i-ble]
 + incorruptible    a.(道德上)不受腐蚀的    [in-cor-rupt-i-ble]
 + indelible    a.擦拭不掉的，不可磨灭的    [in-del-i-ble]
 - inveterate    a.积习已深的    [in-vet-er-ate]
 - irreducible    a.不能约的    [ir-re-duc-i-ble]
 + irrevocable    a.无法取消的    [ir-rev-o-ca-ble]
 - monolithic    a.巨石的，巨大的    [mon-o-lith-ic]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 + obstinate    a.固执的，倔强的    [ob-sti-nate]
 - perennial    a.终年的；永久的    [per-en-ni-al]
 - permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - permanent    a.长久的，永久的    [per-ma-nent]
 - perpetuate    v.使永存，使永记不忘    [per-pet-u-ate]
 + pillar    n.柱子    [pil-lar]
 + quiescent    a.不动的，静止的    [qui-es-cent]
 + retain    v.保留，保持；留住    [re-tain]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 - settled    a.固定的    [settled]
 + steadfast    a.忠实的；不变的    [stead-fast]
 + stranded    a.搁浅的，进退两难的    [stranded]
 + unflappable    a.不惊慌的，镇定的    [un-flap-pa-ble]

***** eventuality 151

 + advent    n.到来，来临    [ad-vent]
 + casualty    n.伤亡事故；伤亡者    [cas-u-al-ty]
 + consequence    n.结果；重要性；价值    [con-se-quence]
 + dealing    n.生意行为；作风    [deal-ing]
 - emergency    n.紧急事件    [e-mer-gen-cy]
 + encounter    v.遭遇    [en-coun-ter]
 - endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 - ensue    v.继而发生    [en-sue]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 + momentous    a.极重要的，严重的    [mo-men-tous]
 - occurrence    n.事件；发生    [oc-cur-rence]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 - signal    n.信号；v.发信号；a.显著的    [sig-nal]
 + transaction    n.办理，交易    [trans-ac-tion]

***** destiny 152

 - approach    v.接近，靠近；着手处理；n.方法    [ap-proach]
 + imminent    a.即将发生的，逼近的    [im-mi-nent]
 + impending    a.行将发生的，逼近的    [im-pend-ing]
 + loom    n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现    [loom]
 + predestine    v.注定    [pre-des-tine]
 + pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]

** Section VIII. Causation

*** 1. Constancy of Sequence in Events

***** cause 153

 - broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 - bud    n.芽；花蕾    [bud]
 + causal    a.原因的，因果关系的    [caus-al]
 + crux    n.关键，症结所在    [crux]
 - derivation    n.发展，起源；词源    [der-i-va-tion]
 - descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 + determinant    n.决定因素；a.决定性的    [de-ter-mi-nant]
 + elicit    v.引出，探出    [e-lic-it]
 + entail    v.需要，需求，必须    [en-tail]
 + evoke    v.引起；唤起    [e-voke]
 - fetus    n.胎儿    [fe-tus]
 + fulcrum    n.杠杆支点，支柱    [ful-crum]
 - genesis    n.创始，起源    [gen-e-sis]
 - germ    n.胚芽，芽孢；微生物，细菌    [germ]
 - hinge    n.铰链；关键    [hinge]
 + hormone    n.荷尔蒙，激素    [hor-mone]
 - incubator    n.孵卵器；早产婴儿保育箱    [in-cu-ba-tor]
 + induce    v.诱导；引起    [in-duce]
 + institute    v.制定，创立(社团，规章)；n.学院，协会    [in-sti-tute]
 + kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 + lever    n.杠杆；v.撬动    [lev-er]
 - nucleus    n.(原子)核    [nu-cle-us]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 + pollen    n.花粉    [pol-len]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 + procure    v.取得，获得    [pro-cure]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - provenance    n.(艺术等的)出处，起源    [prov-e-nance]
 + seminal    a.有创意的    [sem-i-nal]
 + stem    n.(植物的)茎，叶柄；v.阻止，遏制(水流等)    [stem]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - trunk    n.树干；大衣箱    [trunk]
 + tuber    n.块茎，球根    [tu-ber]

***** effect 154

 + artifact    n.人工制品    [ar-ti-fact]
 - bud    n.芽；花蕾    [bud]
 - consequence    n.结果；重要性；价值    [con-se-quence]
 - denouement    n.(小说的)结尾，结局    [de-noue-ment]
 - derivation    n.发展，起源；词源    [der-i-va-tion]
 - derivative    a.派生的；无创意的    [de-riv-a-tive]
 - fabric    n.纺织品；结构    [fab-ric]
 - hereditary    a.祖传的，世袭的    [he-red-i-tar-y]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + offspring    n.儿女，后代    [off-spring]
 - outgrowth    n.自然结果；生长物    [out-growth]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 + traceable    a.可追踪的    [trace-a-ble]

***** attribution 155

 - affiliation    n.联系，联合    [af-fil-i-a-tion]
 + ascribe    v.归功于；归咎于    [as-cribe]
 - attribute    n.属性，品质；v.把…归于    [at-trib-ute]
 - traceable    a.可追踪的    [trace-a-ble]

***** chance 156

 - adventitious    a.偶然的    [ad-ven-ti-tious]
 + casual    a.偶然的    [cas-u-al]
 - casualty    n.伤亡事故；伤亡者    [cas-u-al-ty]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 - fortuitous    a.偶然的，意外的；幸运的    [for-tu-i-tous]
 + haphazard    a.任意的    [hap-haz-ard]
 + hazard    n.危险    [haz-ard]
 + indeterminate    a.不确定的，不明确的    [in-de-ter-mi-nate]
 + lottery    n.彩票，抽彩给奖法    [lot-ter-y]
 - odds    n.机会，可能性    [odds]
 - random    a.没有明确目的、计划或者目标的；偶然的，随便的    [ran-dom]

*** 2. Connection between Cause and Effect

***** power 157

 + adequate    a.足够的    [ad-e-quate]
 - attribute    n.属性，品质；v.把…归于    [at-trib-ute]
 + charisma    n.(大众爱戴的)领袖气质；魅力    [cha-ris-ma]
 + clout    n.用手猛击；权力，影响力    [clout]
 + cogent    a.有说服力的    [co-gent]
 + compel    v.强迫    [com-pel]
 + control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 + efficacious    a.有效的    [ef-fi-ca-cious]
 + efficacy    n.功效，有效性    [ef-fi-ca-cy]
 + empower    v.授权给某人采取行动    [em-pow-er]
 + endow    v.资助，捐助    [en-dow]
 + expertise    n.专门技术，专业知识    [ex-per-tise]
 + faculty    n.全体教员；官能    [fac-ul-ty]
 + gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 + know-how    n.专业技能，知识    [know-how]
 + omnipotent    a.全能的，万能的    [om-nip-o-tent]
 - pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 - potential    a.潜在的，有可能性的    [po-ten-tial]
 + productivity    n.生产力；生产率    [pro-duc-tiv-i-ty]
 + puissance    n.权力    [pu-is-sance]
 + puissant    a.强有力的，强大的    [pu-is-sant]
 + susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]
 + sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]
 + virtuosity    n.精湛技巧，高超    [vir-tu-os-i-ty]

***** impotence 158

 - alter    v.改变，更改    [al-ter]
 + apoplectic    a.中风的；愤怒的    [ap-o-plec-tic]
 + collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 + deaden    v.减低某物的力量或强度    [dead-en]
 + disarm    v.使…解除武器；使…缓和    [dis-arm]
 - dummy    n.人体模型，假人    [dum-my]
 + enervate    v.使虚弱，使无力    [en-er-vate]
 + exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 - gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 + impuissance    n.无力，虚弱    [im-pu-is-sance]
 + incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 + ineffectual    a.无效的，徒劳无益的    [in-ef-fec-tu-al]
 + inept    a.无能的；不适当的    [in-ept]
 + ineptitude    n.无能，不称职    [in-ept-i-tude]
 + mollycoddle    v.过分爱惜，娇惯；n.娇生惯养的人    [mol-ly-cod-dle]
 + nugatory    a.无价值的，琐碎的    [nu-ga-to-ry]
 + prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 + shattered    a.粉碎的；破坏的    [shattered]
 + sprain    v.扭伤    [sprain]
 + sterilize    v.使不育；杀菌    [ster-i-lize]
 - unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]

***** strength 159

 + acrobat    n.特技演员，杂技演员    [ac-ro-bat]
 + adamant    a.强硬的；固执的    [ad-a-mant]
 + athletics    n.运动，体育    [ath-let-ics]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 + fortify    v.加强防卫    [for-ti-fy]
 + grit    n.沙粒；决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关    [grit]
 + harden    v.变硬，变坚强    [hard-en]
 + hardy    a.耐寒的；强壮的    [har-dy]
 + impregnable    a.攻不破的，征服不了的    [im-preg-na-ble]
 + invigorate    v.鼓舞，激励    [in-vig-or-ate]
 - mighty    a.强有力的，强大的    [might-y]
 + muscle    n.肌肉；肌肉的力量    [mus-cle]
 + muscular    a.肌肉的；强健的    [mus-cu-lar]
 + nerve    n.勇气；v.给予力量或勇气    [nerve]
 + oak    n.橡树    [oak]
 + overpowering    a.压倒性的，不可抗拒的    [o-ver-pow-er-ing]
 - pith    n.精髓，要点    [pith]
 + pithiness    n.简洁    [pith-i-ness]
 - puissant    a.强有力的，强大的    [pu-is-sant]
 + recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 + refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 - reinforce    v.加强力量，增援    [re-in-force]
 + robust    a.健壮的    [ro-bust]
 + sinew    n.腱，肌肉)；力量    [sin-ew]
 - sovereign    n.最高统治者，元首    [sov-er-eign]
 + stalwart    a.健壮的，坚定的    [stal-wart]
 + stout    a.肥胖的；强壮的    [stout]
 + stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 + sturdy    a.(身体)强健的；结实的    [stur-dy]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 + tension    n.紧张，焦虑；张力    [ten-sion]
 + vigorous    a.精力旺盛的，健壮的    [vig-or-ous]

***** weakness 160

 + anemia    n.贫血，贫血症    [a-ne-mi-a]
 + aspen    n.白杨    [as-pen]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 + cranky    a.怪癖的，任性的；不稳的    [crank-y]
 - crumble    v.弄碎；崩毁    [crum-ble]
 + debilitate    v.使衰弱    [de-bil-i-tate]
 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - decrepit    a.衰老的，破旧的    [de-crep-it]
 + delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 + dilute    v.把(液体)弄稀，弄淡    [di-lute]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - effete    a.无生产力；虚弱的    [ef-fete]
 - enervate    v.使虚弱，使无力    [en-er-vate]
 + enfeeble    v.使衰弱    [en-fee-ble]
 - extenuate    v.掩饰(罪行)，减轻罪过    [ex-ten-u-ate]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 + feeble    a.虚弱的    [fee-ble]
 + flaccid    a.松弛的；软弱的    [flac-cid]
 + flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 + flimsy    a.轻而薄的；脆弱的    [flim-sy]
 + fragile    a.易碎的，易坏的    [frag-ile]
 + frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 + hydrate    n.水化物；v.水化    [hy-drate]
 + impoverish    v.使成赤贫    [im-pov-er-ish]
 - infant    n.婴儿    [in-fant]
 + infirm    a.虚弱的    [in-firm]
 - insubstantial    a.非实体的；薄弱的    [in-sub-stan-tial]
 + languid    a.没精打采的，倦怠的    [lan-guid]
 - languish    v.变得消瘦；衰弱    [lan-guish]
 + languor    n.身心疲惫    [lan-guor]
 + limp    v.跛行；a.软弱的，松软的    [limp]
 + reed    n.芦苇；簧片    [reed]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 + rickety    a.不牢靠的，摇摇欲坠的    [rick-et-y]
 + rotten    a.腐败的；糟糕的    [rot-ten]
 - shattered    a.粉碎的；破坏的    [shattered]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - spineless    a.没骨气的，懦弱的    [spine-less]
 - sprain    v.扭伤    [sprain]
 - thread    n.螺纹    [thread]
 - totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]

*** 3. Power in Operation

***** production 161

 + accomplish    v.完成，做成功    [ac-com-plish]
 - artifact    n.人工制品    [ar-ti-fact]
 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 + chisel    n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗    [chis-el]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - constitute    v.组成，构成；建立    [con-sti-tute]
 + construct    v.建筑，构成    [con-struct]
 + contrive    v.计划，设计    [con-trive]
 + edifice    n.宏伟的建筑(如宫殿、教堂)    [ed-i-fice]
 + edify    v.陶冶，启发    [ed-i-fy]
 + engender    v.产生，引起    [en-gen-der]
 + erect    a.竖立的，笔直的，直立的    [e-rect]
 + evolve    v.使逐渐形成，进化    [e-volve]
 - fabric    n.纺织品；结构    [fab-ric]
 + fabricate    v.捏造；制造    [fab-ri-cate]
 + forge    n.铁匠铺；v.锤炼；伪造    [forge]
 - formation    n.组织，形成；(军队)编队    [for-ma-tion]
 - fraught    a.充满…的    [fraught]
 + gardenia    n.栀子花    [gar-de-ni-a]
 + generate    v.造成；产生    [gen-er-ate]
 - generation    n.一代人；(产品类型的)代；产生，发生    [gen-er-a-tion]
 - genesis    n.创始，起源    [gen-e-sis]
 + genetic    a.遗传的；起源的    [ge-net-ic]
 + genial    a.愉快的，脾气好的    [ge-ni-al]
 + hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 - induce    v.诱导；引起    [in-duce]
 - institute    v.制定，创立(社团，规章)；n.学院，协会    [in-sti-tute]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 + pancreas    n.胰腺    [pan-cre-as]
 - pollen    n.花粉    [pol-len]
 + pollinate    v.给…授粉    [pol-li-nate]
 - pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - proliferate    v.繁殖；激增    [pro-lif-er-ate]
 + prolific    a.多产的，多结果的    [pro-lif-ic]
 + propagate    v.繁殖；传播    [prop-a-gate]
 + propagation    n.繁殖    [prop-a-ga-tion]

***** destruction 162

 + abolition    n.废除，革除    [ab-o-li-tion]
 - annihilate    v.消灭    [an-ni-hi-late]
 + blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 - cataclysm    n.剧变，灾难(常指大洪水或地震)    [cat-a-clysm]
 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 + debacle    n.解冻；崩溃    [de-ba-cle]
 + demolish    v.破坏；拆除    [de-mol-ish]
 + demolition    n.破坏，毁坏    [dem-o-li-tion]
 + devastate    v.摧毁，破坏    [dev-as-tate]
 + devour    v.吞食；贪婪地享受    [de-vour]
 + dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 - dispel    v.驱散，消除    [dis-pel]
 + disrupt    v.弄乱，扰乱    [dis-rupt]
 + dissipate    v.(使)驱散；浪费    [dis-si-pate]
 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 + engulf    v.吞噬    [en-gulf]
 + eradicate    v.根除；扑灭    [e-rad-i-cate]
 + erase    v.擦掉，抹去    [e-rase]
 + expunge    v.删除    [ex-punge]
 + exterminate    v.消灭，灭绝    [ex-ter-mi-nate]
 - extinct    a.绝种的，不存在的    [ex-tinct]
 - extinction    n.熄灭；消灭    [ex-tinc-tion]
 + extinguish    v.使…熄灭；使…不复存在    [ex-tin-guish]
 - extirpation    n.根除，铲除    [ex-tir-pa-tion]
 + fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 + havoc    n.大破坏，混乱    [hav-oc]
 + incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 - nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 - nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 + overthrow    v./n.推翻；终止    [o-ver-throw]
 + overturn    v.翻倒；推翻    [o-ver-turn]
 + overwhelm    v.泛滥；压倒    [o-ver-whelm]
 - perish    v.死，暴卒    [per-ish]
 + perishing    a.严寒的    [per-ish-ing]
 + pestle    n.杵，乳钵槌    [pes-tle]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 + quash    v.镇压；取消    [quash]
 + quell    v.制止，镇压    [quell]
 + quench    v.熄灭(火)；抑制(欲望)    [quench]
 + ravage    v.摧毁，使荒废    [rav-age]
 + raze    v.彻底破坏    [raze]
 + sabotage    n.阴谋破坏，颠覆活动    [sab-o-tage]
 + sacrifice    n.牺牲；v.宰牲祭神    [sac-ri-fice]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 + squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 + squelch    v.压制，镇压    [squelch]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 + subversive    a.颠覆性的，破坏性的    [sub-ver-sive]
 + subvert    v.颠覆，推翻    [sub-vert]
 + swamp    n.沼泽；v.使陷入；淹没    [swamp]
 - topple    v.倾覆，推倒    [top-ple]
 + trample    v.踩坏，践踏    [tram-ple]
 + vandalism    n.(对公物等)恶意破坏    [van-dal-ism]
 + vandalize    v.肆意破坏    [van-dal-ize]
 + vaporize    v.(使)蒸发    [va-por-ize]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** reproduction 163

 - generation    n.一代人；(产品类型的)代；产生，发生    [gen-er-a-tion]
 - multiply    v.乘；增加；繁殖    [mul-ti-ply]
 - phoenix    n.凤凰，永生或再生的象征    [phoe-nix]
 + renovate    v.修复，装修，翻新    [ren-o-vate]
 - restore    v.使回复，恢复；修复，修补    [re-store]
 + resurgence    n.再起，复活，再现    [re-sur-gence]
 + resurrect    v.使复活；复兴    [res-ur-rect]
 + resuscitate    v.使复活，使苏醒    [re-sus-ci-tate]
 + revitalize    v.使重新充满活力    [re-vi-tal-ize]
 + revive    v.使苏醒；再流    [re-vive]

***** producer 164

 + architect    n.建筑师    [ar-chi-tect]
 + catalyst    n.催化剂；促使事情发展的因素    [cat-a-lyst]
 + founder    v.(船)沉没；(计划)失败    [found-er]
 + generator    n.发电机    [gen-er-a-tor]

***** destroyer 165

 + iconoclast    n.攻击传统观念或风俗的人    [i-con-o-clast]

***** paternity 166

 + ancestor    n.祖先，祖宗    [an-ces-tor]
 - ancestry    n.家系    [an-ces-try]
 - descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 + elm    n.榆树    [elm]
 + eucalyptus    n.桉树    [eu-ca-lyp-tus]
 - genealogy    n.家谱学    [ge-ne-al-o-gy]
 - lineage    n.宗系，血统    [lin-e-age]
 - linear    a.线的；成直线的    [lin-e-ar]
 + maple    n.枫树(枫树是加拿大的国树)    [ma-ple]
 + maternal    a.母性的    [ma-ter-nal]
 + pecan    n.山核桃    [pe-can]
 - stem    n.(植物的)茎，叶柄；v.阻止，遏制(水流等)    [stem]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - trunk    n.树干；大衣箱    [trunk]

***** posterity 167

 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 - brood    n.一窝幼鸟；v.孵蛋；冥想    [brood]
 + descendant    n.后代，后裔    [de-scend-ant]
 - frond    n.羊齿、棕榈等的叶子    [frond]
 + heir    n.继承人    [heir]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - lineage    n.宗系，血统    [lin-e-age]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 - offspring    n.儿女，后代    [off-spring]
 + progeny    n.后代，子女    [prog-e-ny]
 - scion    n.嫩芽；子孙    [sci-on]
 + shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 + spat    n.口角，小争论    [spat]
 + spawn    n.(鱼等)卵子；v.大量生产    [spawn]
 - sprout    v.长出，萌芽；n.嫩芽    [sprout]

***** productiveness 168

 - conceive    v.想像，构想；怀孕    [con-ceive]
 + fecundity    n.多产，富饶；繁殖力，生殖力    [fe-cun-di-ty]
 + fertile    a.多产的；肥沃的    [fer-tile]
 + fertilize    v.受精，受粉；施肥    [fer-ti-lize]
 - generate    v.造成；产生    [gen-er-ate]
 + luxuriant    a.繁茂的；肥沃的    [lux-u-ri-ant]
 - multiply    v.乘；增加；繁殖    [mul-ti-ply]
 - pollen    n.花粉    [pol-len]
 - pollinate    v.给…授粉    [pol-li-nate]
 - pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - prolific    a.多产的，多结果的    [pro-lif-ic]
 - propagation    n.繁殖    [prop-a-ga-tion]

***** unproductiveness 169

 + arid    a.干旱的；枯燥的    [ar-id]
 + barren    a.不育的；贫瘠的；不结果实的    [bar-ren]
 + desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 + fallow    n.休耕地；a.(土地)休耕的    [fal-low]
 + sterile    a.贫瘠且无植被的；不孕的；无细菌的    [ster-ile]
 - sterilize    v.使不育；杀菌    [ster-i-lize]
 + unproductive    a.徒然的，无成效的    [un-pro-duc-tive]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** agency 170

 - efficacious    a.有效的    [ef-fi-ca-cious]
 + interaction    n.相互作用(影响)    [in-ter-ac-tion]
 - maintenance    n.维持，维护    [main-te-nance]
 + operative    a.(计划等)实施中的；生效的    [op-er-a-tive]
 + procurement    n.获得，接收    [pro-cure-ment]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 + swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]

***** physical energy 171

 + acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 + acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 - brisk    a.敏捷的，活泼的；清新健康的    [brisk]
 + caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 + corrosive    a.腐蚀性的，腐蚀的，蚀坏的    [cor-ro-sive]
 + drastic    a.猛烈的，激烈的    [dras-tic]
 + exert    v.运用(力量等)    [ex-ert]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 + fermentation    n.发酵    [fer-men-ta-tion]
 + harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 + incisive    a.一针见血的    [in-ci-sive]
 + inflame    v.使燃烧；激怒(某人)    [in-flame]
 - intensify    v.加剧    [in-ten-si-fy]
 + irritation    n.愤怒，急躁，刺激    [ir-ri-ta-tion]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 + kinetic    a.运动的    [ki-net-ic]
 + mordant    a.讥讽的，尖酸的    [mor-dant]
 + poignant    a.伤心的；尖锐的    [poign-ant]
 + racy    a.活泼的，生动的    [rac-y]
 + scathing    a.苛刻的，严厉的    [scath-ing]
 - seasoning    n.调味品，佐料    [sea-son-ing]
 + severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - specifics    n.细小问题，细节    [specifics]
 + stir    v.刺激    [stir]
 + strident    a.尖声的，刺耳的    [stri-dent]
 + stringent    a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的    [strin-gent]
 + trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 + virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]
 + vitriolic    a.刻薄的，强烈的    [vit-ri-ol-ic]
 + vivid    a.清晰的，鲜艳的；大胆的，活泼的，逼真的    [viv-id]

***** physical inertness 172

 + blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 + damped    a.减震的，压低(声音)的    [damped]
 + dormancy    n.休眠状态    [dor-man-cy]
 + dormant    a.冬眠的；静止的    [dor-mant]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 + inert    a.惰性的；行动迟钝的    [in-ert]
 + inertia    n.惰性；懒惰    [in-er-tia]
 - languor    n.身心疲惫    [lan-guor]
 + latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 + latent    a.潜伏的    [la-tent]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 + passive    a.被动的，缺乏活力的    [pas-sive]
 - permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 + sloth    n.懒惰；树獭(一种动物)    [sloth]
 + stasis    n.停滞    [sta-sis]
 + tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 + torpid    a.懒散的，死气沉沉的    [tor-pid]
 + torpor    n.死气沉沉    [tor-por]
 + torrential    a.奔流的，洪流的    [tor-ren-tial]

***** violence 173

 - accelerate    v.加速；促进    [ac-cel-er-ate]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 - aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 + annoy    v.惹恼；打搅，骚扰    [an-noy]
 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 + bluster    v.(指风)猛刮    [blus-ter]
 + blustering    a.大吵大闹的    [blustering]
 + boisterous    a.喧闹的；猛烈的    [bois-ter-ous]
 + brusque    a.唐突的，鲁莽的    [brusque]
 - climax    n.顶点，高潮    [cli-max]
 - convulse    v.使震动，震惊    [con-vulse]
 - convulsion    n.骚动；痉挛    [con-vul-sion]
 - debacle    n.解冻；崩溃    [de-ba-cle]
 - desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 + detonation    n.爆炸，爆炸声    [det-o-na-tion]
 + discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 + effervesce    v.冒泡；热情洋溢    [ef-fer-vesce]
 - exacerbate    v.加重，恶化    [ex-ac-er-bate]
 - exasperate    v.激怒，使恼怒    [ex-as-per-ate]
 + explosive    n.炸药；a.爆炸性的；使人冲动的    [ex-plo-sive]
 + feral    a.凶猛的，野的    [fe-ral]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 + flare    n./v.(火焰)摇曳，闪耀    [flare]
 + foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 + frantic    a.疯狂的，狂乱的    [fran-tic]
 + fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 + fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 + headlong    adj./adv.轻率的(地)，迅猛的(地)    [head-long]
 + headstrong    a.刚愎自用的    [head-strong]
 + impetuous    a.冲动的，鲁莽的    [im-pet-u-ous]
 + incite    v.激发，刺激    [in-cite]
 - inflame    v.使燃烧；激怒(某人)    [in-flame]
 + infuriate    v.使(人)极为愤怒    [in-fu-ri-ate]
 + irrepressible    a.无法约束或阻止的    [ir-re-press-i-ble]
 + irritate    v.激怒；刺激    [ir-ri-tate]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 - lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 + meteoric    a.流星的；昙花一现的    [me-te-or-ic]
 + obstreperous    a.吵闹的，难管束的    [ob-strep-er-ous]
 + outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - pandemonium    n.喧嚣，大混乱    [pan-de-mo-ni-um]
 + paroxysm    n.(感情等)突发    [par-ox-ysm]
 + rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 + rambunctious    a.骚乱的；(兴奋)控制不了的    [ram-bunc-tious]
 + rampage    v.狂暴地乱冲；n.暴怒    [ram-page]
 + rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 - riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 - riotous    a.暴乱的；蛮横的    [ri-ot-ous]
 + savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 - seismic    a.地震的    [seis-mic]
 + squall    n.短暂、突然且猛烈的风暴；短暂的骚动    [squall]
 + tantrum    n.发脾气，发怒    [tan-trum]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 + tempest    n.暴风雨；骚动    [tem-pest]
 + torrent    n.洪流，急流    [tor-rent]
 + turbulent    a.导致动乱的；骚乱的    [tur-bu-lent]
 - turmoil    n.混乱，骚乱    [tur-moil]
 - unmitigated    a.未缓和的，未减轻的，全然的    [un-mit-i-gat-ed]
 - uproar    n.喧闹，骚动    [up-roar]
 + uproarious    a.骚动的，喧嚣的；令人捧腹的    [up-roar-i-ous]
 - volley    n.齐发，群射；v.齐发，群射；(足球、网球)截击    [vol-ley]

***** moderation 174

 + allay    v.减轻，缓和    [al-lay]
 + alleviate    v.缓和，减轻    [al-le-vi-ate]
 + anesthetic    n.麻醉剂；a.麻醉的    [an-es-thet-ic]
 + appease    v.使平静，安抚    [ap-pease]
 + assuage    v.缓和，减轻    [as-suage]
 + balm    n.香油，药膏；镇痛剂    [balm]
 + bland    a.(人)情绪平稳的；(食物)无味的    [bland]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 + curb    n.路缘，(街道的)镶边石；马勒；v.控制    [curb]
 + damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 + dampen    v.(使)潮湿；使沮丧，泼凉水    [damp-en]
 - deaden    v.减低某物的力量或强度    [dead-en]
 + defuse    v.从(爆破装置)中卸除引信；缓和紧张状态或危急局面    [de-fuse]
 - downplay    v.贬低，不予重视    [downplay]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 + gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 + gingerly    adj./adv.小心的(地)；谨慎的(地)    [gin-ger-ly]
 + halcyon    a.平静的；愉快的    [hal-cy-on]
 + hush    v./n.肃静，安静    [hush]
 + hypnotic    a.催眠的；n.催眠药    [hyp-not-ic]
 + lenient    a.宽大的；仁慈的    [le-ni-ent]
 - lull    n.活动的暂停；v.使平静    [lull]
 + lullaby    n.摇篮曲    [lull-a-by]
 + measured    a.精确的；慎重的    [meas-ured]
 + milk    v.榨取    [milk]
 - mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 + mollify    v.安慰，安抚    [mol-li-fy]
 + pacifist    n.和平主义者，反战主义者    [pac-i-fist]
 + pacify    v.使安静，抚慰    [pac-i-fy]
 + palliative    n.缓释剂；a.减轻的，缓和的    [pal-li-a-tive]
 + piano    a.(音乐)轻柔的    [pi-a-no]
 - quell    v.制止，镇压    [quell]
 + rebate    n.折扣，回扣    [re-bate]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 + relent    v.动怜悯心；减弱    [re-lent]
 + sedative    a.(药物)镇静的；n.镇静剂    [sed-a-tive]
 + sheathe    v.将(刀，剑等)插入鞘    [sheathe]
 - slacken    v.(使)松弛，放松    [slack-en]
 + slake    v.解渴，消渴    [slake]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 + sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 + sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]
 + soothe    v.抚慰；减轻    [soothe]
 + subdue    v.征服；压制；减轻    [sub-due]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - underplay    v.淡化…的重要性；表演(角色)不充分    [un-der-play]

*** 4. Indirect Power

***** influence 175

 + auspices    n.资助，赞助    [aus-pi-ces]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 + dominant    a.显性的，优势的    [dom-i-nant]
 + dominate    v.控制，支配    [dom-i-nate]
 + domination    n.控制，支配，管辖    [dom-i-na-tion]
 + malfunction    v.发生故障；n.故障，障碍    [mal-func-tion]
 + patronage    n.赞助，惠顾    [pat-ron-age]
 + pervade    v.弥漫，普及    [per-vade]
 + predominant    a.有势力的    [pre-dom-i-nant]
 - predominate    v.支配，统治；占优势    [pre-dom-i-nate]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 + purchase    n.支点(阻止东西下滑)    [pur-chase]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 + reign    n.统治时期；王朝；领域    [reign]
 - rife    a.流行的，普遍的    [rife]
 - sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]

*** 175.a. Absence Of Influence

***** tendency 176

 - aptitude    n.适宜；才能，资质    [ap-ti-tude]
 + bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 + calculated    a.蓄意的    [cal-cu-lat-ed]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + conducive    a.有助于…的    [con-du-cive]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 + liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 + predisposition    n.倾向，癖性    [pre-dis-po-si-tion]
 + promote    v.提升；促进    [pro-mote]
 + propensity    n.嗜好，习性    [pro-pen-si-ty]
 + subsidiary    a.辅助的；次要的    [sub-sid-i-ar-y]
 - susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]
 + tend    v.照料，看顾    [tend]
 + trend    v./n.趋势，倾向    [trend]

***** liability 177

 - apt    a.易于…的，恰当的    [apt]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 + exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 + incur    v.招惹    [in-cur]
 - liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 + obnoxious    a.令人不愉快的；可憎的    [ob-nox-ious]
 + subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]

*** 5. Combinations of Causes

***** concurrence 178

 - coincide    v.巧合；一致    [co-in-cide]
 + collaborate    v.合作，协作；通敌    [col-lab-o-rate]
 - concur    v.意见相同，一致    [con-cur]
 - consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 + conspire    v.阴谋，共谋    [con-spire]

***** counteraction 179

 - antagonism    n.反抗，敌意    [an-tag-o-nism]
 - antagonize    v.使对抗；与…对抗    [an-tag-o-nize]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - clash    v.冲突，撞击    [clash]
 + collision    n.碰撞，冲突    [col-li-sion]
 - conflict    v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触    [con-flict]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 - counteract    v.消除，抵消    [coun-ter-act]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 + friction    n.摩擦；矛盾，冲突    [fric-tion]
 + hinder    v.阻碍，妨碍    [hin-der]
 + incorrigibility    n.无可救药    [in-cor-ri-gi-bil-i-ty]
 - interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 - neutralize    v.使无效；中和    [neu-tral-ize]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 - polarity    n.极端性，二极分化    [po-lar-i-ty]
 - reactionary    a.保守的，反动的    [re-ac-tion-ar-y]
 + stultify    v.使变得荒谬可笑；使无用    [stul-ti-fy]
 + traverse    v.横穿过，横跨    [trav-erse]
 + withstand    v.顶住；经受住    [with-stand]

* Class II. Words Relating to Space

** Section I. Space in General

*** 1. Abstract Space

***** space 180

 - ample    a.富足的；充足的    [am-ple]
 + arena    n.(角斗的)竞技场    [a-re-na]
 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 + dimension    n.维度，尺寸    [di-men-sion]
 + expansive    a.(指人)健谈的，开朗的；可扩大的，可伸展的    [ex-pan-sive]
 - far-reaching    a.影响深远的    [far-reach-ing]
 - infinity    n.无限的时间或空间    [in-fin-i-ty]
 + latitude    n.言行自由；纬度    [lat-i-tude]
 + margin    n.页边空白，边缘；差额；余地；利润    [mar-gin]
 - purchase    n.支点(阻止东西下滑)    [pur-chase]
 - scope    n.眼界；范围    [scope]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 + tolerance    n.容许量，公差；容忍，忍受    [tol-er-ance]
 - void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** inextension 180.a



***** region 181

 - arena    n.(角斗的)竞技场    [a-re-na]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + biosphere    n.生命层，生物圈    [bi-o-sphere]
 + circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 - compartment    n.隔间，车厢    [com-part-ment]
 + court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + district    n.地区，行政区，（美国各州的）众议院选区    [dis-trict]
 + hemisphere    n.半球    [hem-i-sphere]
 - latitude    n.言行自由；纬度    [lat-i-tude]
 - patch    n.补丁；一小片(土地)    [patch]
 + plot    n.情节；阴谋；策划    [plot]
 + provincial    a.偏狭的，粗俗的    [pro-vin-cial]
 + realm    n.王国；领域，范围    [realm]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 + soil    n./v.弄脏，污损    [soil]
 + zone    v.分成区    [zone]

***** place 182

 - compartment    n.隔间，车厢    [com-part-ment]
 + locus    n.地点，所在地    [lo-cus]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]

*** 2. Relative Space

***** situation 183

 - aspect    n.(问题等的)方面；面貌，外表    [as-pect]
 + backdrop    n.(事情的)背景，背景幕布    [back-drop]
 + locale    n.事件发生的现场、地点    [lo-cale]
 - locus    n.地点，所在地    [lo-cus]
 + pose    v.摆姿势；造作    [pose]
 - posture    n.姿势，体态；态度；v.故作姿态    [pos-ture]
 - status    n.身分，地位    [sta-tus]

***** location 184

 + adopt    v.收养；采纳    [a-dopt]
 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 + colonize    v.建立殖民地    [col-o-nize]
 + colony    n.菌群；殖民地    [col-o-ny]
 + deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 + domesticate    v.驯养    [do-mes-ti-cate]
 + embed    v.牢牢插入，嵌于    [em-bed]
 + freight    n.货物；v.装货于(船等)    [freight]
 - graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 + habitat    n.自然环境，栖息地    [hab-i-tat]
 - hive    n.蜂房；忙碌之地    [hive]
 + inhabit    v.栖居于，占据    [in-hab-it]
 + install    v.安装，装置；使就职    [in-stall]
 + instate    v.任命，安置    [in-state]
 - pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 + perch    v.(鸟)栖息    [perch]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + shelve    v.搁置    [shelve]
 + squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]
 - tether    v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围    [teth-er]

***** displacement 185

 + dislodge    v.逐出，取出    [dis-lodge]
 - dispel    v.驱散，消除    [dis-pel]
 - displace    v.换置；使某人某物离开原位    [dis-place]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 + transfer    v.转移，传递；调任，转让    [trans-fer]

*** 3. Existence in Space

***** presence 186

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 + bystander    n.旁观者    [by-stand-er]
 + cohabit    v.共栖    [co-hab-it]
 - frequent    v.时常来访；a.惯常的    [fre-quent]
 + haunt    v.常去；鬼魂出没；(事情)萦绕心头；n.常去的地方    [haunt]
 - inhabit    v.栖居于，占据    [in-hab-it]
 + occupation    n.工作，职业；占领    [oc-cu-pa-tion]
 + omnipresent    a.无处不在的    [om-ni-pres-ent]
 - perch    v.(鸟)栖息    [perch]
 + permeate    v.扩散；渗透    [per-me-ate]
 - pervade    v.弥漫，普及    [per-vade]
 - populous    a.人口稠密的    [pop-u-lous]
 + reside    v.居住    [re-side]
 + resident    n.居民；a.定居的，常驻的    [res-i-dent]
 - resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]
 + tenant    n.房客    [ten-ant]
 + ubiquitous    a.无所不在的    [u-biq-ui-tous]

***** absence 187

 + absenteeism    n.旷课，旷工    [ab-sen-tee-ism]
 + alibi    n.某人当时不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明    [al-i-bi]
 - barren    a.不育的；贫瘠的；不结果实的    [bar-ren]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 + deserted    a.荒芜的，无人的    [de-sert-ed]
 + devoid    a.空的，缺少的    [de-void]
 + hiatus    n.空隙，裂缝    [hi-a-tus]
 - sterile    a.贫瘠且无植被的；不孕的；无细菌的    [ster-ile]
 + truancy    n.逃学，旷课    [tru-an-cy]
 - vacuous    a.发呆的，愚笨的    [vac-u-ous]
 - void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]
 - withdraw    v.撤退，收回；隐居    [with-draw]

***** inhabitant 188

 - colony    n.菌群；殖民地    [col-o-ny]
 + compatriot    n.同胞，同国人    [com-pa-tri-ot]
 + denizen    n.居民；外籍居民    [den-i-zen]
 + incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 - indigenous    a.土产的，本地的    [in-dig-e-nous]
 - inhabit    v.栖居于，占据    [in-hab-it]
 + inhabitant    n.居民；栖息的动物    [in-hab-it-ant]
 - natal    a.出生的，诞生时的    [na-tal]
 - resident    n.居民；a.定居的，常驻的    [res-i-dent]
 + scotch    v.镇压，粉碎    [scotch]
 - tenant    n.房客    [ten-ant]
 + vernacular    n.本国语，地方语    [ver-nac-u-lar]

***** abode 189

 + address    v.处理，对付，着手解决；致词    [ad-dress]
 + aviary    n.大鸟笼，鸟舍    [a-vi-ar-y]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 + barn    n.谷仓，牲口棚    [barn]
 - biosphere    n.生命层，生物圈    [bi-o-sphere]
 + cloister    n.修道院    [clois-ter]
 - cohabit    v.共栖    [co-hab-it]
 - colonnade    n.柱廊    [col-on-nade]
 + coop    n.(鸡)笼，栏    [co-op]
 + cosmopolitan    n.世界主义者，四海为家的人    [cos-mo-pol-i-tan]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + covert    a.秘密的，隐密的    [cov-ert]
 + den    n.兽穴，窝    [den]
 + domicile    n.住处，住所    [dom-i-cile]
 + dwelling    n.住处    [dwell-ing]
 + enclosure    n.圈地，围占    [en-clo-sure]
 + folly    n.愚蠢；愚蠢的行为，思想或做法    [fol-ly]
 - foyer    n.门厅，休息室    [foy-er]
 + grove    n.小树林，树丛    [grove]
 - habitat    n.自然环境，栖息地    [hab-i-tat]
 + harbor    n.港，避难所；v.包庇，隐匿    [har-bor]
 - haunt    v.常去；鬼魂出没；(事情)萦绕心头；n.常去的地方    [haunt]
 - hive    n.蜂房；忙碌之地    [hive]
 + hovel    n.茅舍；肮脏的小屋    [hov-el]
 - inhabit    v.栖居于，占据    [in-hab-it]
 + kennel    n.狗舍，狗窝    [ken-nel]
 + lair    n.野兽的巢穴；躲藏处    [lair]
 + lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 + mansion    n.公馆；大厦    [man-sion]
 + metropolis    n.大城市    [me-trop-o-lis]
 + metropolitan    a.大都市的，首都的    [met-ro-pol-i-tan]
 + palatial    a.宫殿般的；宏伟的    [pa-la-tial]
 + pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 - perch    v.(鸟)栖息    [perch]
 - provincial    a.偏狭的，粗俗的    [pro-vin-cial]
 + purlieu    n.(常作复数)邻近地区    [pur-lieu]
 + quay    n.码头    [quay]
 - resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 + rural    a.乡村的    [ru-ral]
 + rustic    a.乡村的，乡土气的    [rus-tic]
 - shed    v.流出(眼泪等)；脱落(叶子)    [shed]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 + stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]
 + terrace    n.一层梯田；阳台    [ter-race]
 + throne    n.宝座；王位    [throne]

***** contents 190

 - bale    n.大包裹；灾祸，不幸    [bale]
 - cargo    n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物    [car-go]
 - freight    n.货物；v.装货于(船等)    [freight]

***** receptacle 191

 + alcove    n.凹室    [al-cove]
 + attic    n.阁楼，顶楼    [at-tic]
 + bail    n.保释金    [bail]
 + bin    n.大箱子    [bin]
 + bucket    >n.圆桶    [buck-et]
 - budget    n.预算    [budg-et]
 + butt    v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂    [butt]
 + cabinet    n.橱柜；内阁    [cab-i-net]
 - caldron    n.(煮汤用的)大锅    [cal-dron]
 + capsule    n.荚；胶囊    [cap-sule]
 + carafe    n.玻璃瓶    [ca-rafe]
 + cellar    n.地下室；酒窖    [cel-lar]
 + chalice    n.大酒杯；圣餐杯    [chal-ice]
 + cistern    n.贮水池    [cis-tern]
 + closet    n.壁橱；a.秘密的    [clos-et]
 - compartment    n.隔间，车厢    [com-part-ment]
 + conservatory    n.温室；音乐学院    [con-serv-a-to-ry]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + crate    n.篓，板条箱    [crate]
 + cubicle    n.大房间中隔出的小室    [cu-bi-cle]
 - den    n.兽穴，窝    [den]
 + ewer    n.大口水罐    [ew-er]
 + flask    n.烧瓶，细颈瓶    [flask]
 + flatcar    n.平台型铁路货车    [flat-car]
 + folder    n.文件夹，纸夹    [fold-er]
 + four-poster    n.有四柱的床    [four-post-er]
 + goblet    n.高脚酒杯    [gob-let]
 + greenhouse    n.花房，温室    [green-house]
 + grotto    n.洞穴    [grot-to]
 + hamper    v.妨碍，阻挠；n.有盖提篮    [ham-per]
 + hangar    n.飞机库    [hang-ar]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + horn    n.角，角质；喇叭    [horn]
 + imperial    a.帝王的，至尊的    [im-pe-ri-al]
 - jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 - knit    v.编织    [knit]
 + lobby    n.大厅，休息厅    [lob-by]
 + lounge    v.懒散地斜靠；n.休息室    [lounge]
 + marsupial    n./a.有袋动物(的)    [mar-su-pi-al]
 + pan    v.严厉批评    [pa-n]
 + pantry    n.食品室    [pan-try]
 + pitcher    n.有柄水罐    [pitch-er]
 + pod    n.豆荚；v.剥掉(豆荚)    [pod]
 + poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 + portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 + quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 + receptacle    n.容器    [re-cep-ta-cle]
 + recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 + recipient    n.接受者，收受者    [re-cip-i-ent]
 + refectory    n.(学院)餐厅，食堂    [re-fec-to-ry]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 + scabbard    n.(刀剑)鞘    [scab-bard]
 + sheath    n.(刀、剑)鞘、套    [sheath]
 + skillet    n.煎锅    [skil-let]
 + spatula    n.(调拌等用的)抹刀    [spat-u-la]
 - stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]
 + stomach    v.吃得下；容忍    [stom-ach]
 + syringe    n.注射器    [sy-ringe]
 - terrace    n.一层梯田；阳台    [ter-race]
 + trowel    泥刀，小铲子    [trow-el]
 - trunk    n.树干；大衣箱    [trunk]
 + vascular    a.血管的，脉管的    [vas-cu-lar]
 + vault    n.拱顶；地窖    [vault]
 + vessel    n.血管；容器；船只    [ves-sel]

** Section II. Dimensions

*** 1. General Dimensions

***** size 192

 - ample    a.富足的；充足的    [am-ple]
 - amplitude    n.广大，广阔    [am-pli-tude]
 + astronomical    a.庞大的    [as-tro-nom-i-cal]
 - bulk    n.体积；数量；大多数；大身躯    [bulk]
 + colossal    a.巨大的，庞大的    [co-los-sal]
 + colossus    n.巨人；巨型雕像    [co-los-sus]
 - comprehensive    a.全面的，综合的    [com-pre-hen-sive]
 - considerable    a.相当多的；值得考虑的    [con-sid-er-a-ble]
 - cord    n.考得(木材堆的体积单位，等于128立方英尺，3.6246立方米)；绳索    [cord]
 - dimension    n.维度，尺寸    [di-men-sion]
 + elephantine    a.笨拙的，庞大的    [el-e-phan-tine]
 - enormity    n.极恶；暴行；巨大    [e-nor-mi-ty]
 - enormous    a.极大的，巨大的    [e-nor-mous]
 - full-bodied    a.(味道等)浓郁而强烈的    [full-bod-ied]
 - gargantuan    a.巨大的，庞大的    [gar-gan-tu-an]
 - immense    a.极大的；无限的    [im-mense]
 - immensity    n.巨大之物；无限    [im-men-si-ty]
 + loaf    n.一条(面包)；v.虚度光阴    [loaf]
 - lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 + magnificent    a.壮丽的，宏伟的；高尚的    [mag-nif-i-cent]
 - magnitude    n.重要；星球的光亮度    [mag-ni-tude]
 + mammoth    a.巨大的    [mam-moth]
 + massive    a.巨大的，厚重的    [mas-sive]
 - mighty    a.强有力的，强大的    [might-y]
 + monumental    a.极大的；纪念碑的    [mon-u-men-tal]
 + nova    n.新星    [no-va]
 + obese    a.极肥胖的    [o-bese]
 + paunchy    a.大肚子的    [paunch-y]
 + plankton    n.浮游生物    [plank-ton]
 - prodigious    a.巨大的    [pro-di-gious]
 - stalwart    a.健壮的，坚定的    [stal-wart]
 - stout    a.肥胖的；强壮的    [stout]
 + supernova    n.超新星    [su-per-no-va]
 + titanic    a.巨人的，力大无比的    [ti-tan-ic]
 + unwieldy    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [un-wield-y]
 + voluminous    a.长篇的；多产的    [vo-lu-mi-nous]

***** littleness 193

 + bacteria    n.细菌，培养基    [bac-te-ri-a]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 + dapper    a.整洁漂亮的；动作敏捷的    [dap-per]
 - dwarf    n.侏儒；矮小的植物；v.使变矮小    [dwarf]
 + epitome    n.典型；梗概    [e-pit-o-me]
 - evanescent    a.迅速消失的，短暂的    [ev-a-nes-cent]
 - fragment    n.碎片；分裂    [frag-ment]
 + impalpable    a.无法触及的；不易理解的    [im-pal-pa-ble]
 - inappreciable    a.微不足道的    [in-ap-pre-ci-a-ble]
 - infinitesimal    a.极微小的；n.极小量    [in-fin-i-tes-i-mal]
 + intangible    a.不可触摸的    [in-tan-gi-ble]
 - limited    a.有限的    [lim-it-ed]
 + microbe    n.微生物    [mi-crobe]
 - microorganism    n.微生物，细菌    [mi-cro-or-gan-ism]
 + microscope    n.显微镜    [mi-cro-scope]
 - microscopic    a.极小的；显微镜的    [mi-cro-scop-ic]
 + miniature    n.小画像；缩影    [min-i-a-ture]
 + minnow    n.鲦鱼，小淡水鱼    [min-now]
 - minutia    n.细枝末节，细节    [mi-nu-ti-a]
 - mite    n.极小量；小虫    [mite]
 - petty    a.琐碎的；小心眼的    [pet-ty]
 + puny    a.弱小的，发育不良的    [pu-ny]
 + rudimentary    a.初步的，未充分发展的    [ru-di-men-ta-ry]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - scant    a.不足的，缺乏的    [scant]
 - squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]
 - trivial    a.琐细的    [triv-i-al]
 + vestigial    a.退化的    [ves-tig-i-al]

***** expansion 194

 - accretion    n.自然的增加；增加物    [ac-cre-tion]
 - aggrandize    v.增大，扩张；吹棒    [ag-gran-dize]
 + amplify    v.放大；详述    [am-pli-fy]
 - bud    n.芽；花蕾    [bud]
 + bulb    n.植物的球茎；灯泡    [bulb]
 - burgeon    v.迅速成长，发展    [bur-geon]
 - cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 - dilate    v.(身体某部位)张大，扩大    [di-late]
 + distend    v.(使)膨胀，胀大    [dis-tend]
 + distension    n.膨胀    [dis-ten-sion]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 + expand    v.扩大，膨胀    [ex-pand]
 - expansive    a.(指人)健谈的，开朗的；可扩大的，可伸展的    [ex-pan-sive]
 + extend    v.延展，延长    [ex-tend]
 + fatten    v.使长肥；使土壤肥沃；装满    [fat-ten]
 + germinate    v.发芽；发展    [ger-mi-nate]
 - hike    v.高涨，上升；n.徒步旅行    [hike]
 - increment    n.增值，增加    [in-cre-ment]
 + inflate    v.使充气，使膨胀    [in-flate]
 - magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 + mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - maximize    v.使增至最大限度    [max-i-mize]
 - obese    a.极肥胖的    [o-bese]
 - paunchy    a.大肚子的    [paunch-y]
 + rarefaction    n.稀薄    [rar-e-fac-tion]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 + sprawling    a.植物蔓生的，(城市)无计划地扩展的    [sprawling]
 - sprout    v.长出，萌芽；n.嫩芽    [sprout]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - surpass    v.超过    [sur-pass]
 + swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 + turgid    a.浮肿的，肿胀的；浮夸的    [tur-gid]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** contraction 195

 - abrade    v.磨损，磨小    [a-brade]
 + astringent    a.止血的，收缩的；n.收缩剂，止血剂    [as-trin-gent]
 + atrophy    n.萎缩，衰退    [at-ro-phy]
 - attenuate    v.变薄    [at-ten-u-ate]
 - chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 + circumscribe    v.限制    [cir-cum-scribe]
 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 + compendium    n.简要，概略    [com-pen-di-um]
 + compress    v.压缩，浓缩    [com-press]
 + condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 + constrict    v.压缩，收缩    [con-strict]
 + contract    n.合同；v.订合同；收缩    [con-tract]
 + corrugate    v.(使)起波浪形，起皱纹    [cor-ru-gate]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 - deflated    a.灰心丧气的    [de-flat-ed]
 - diminution    n.减少，缩减    [dim-i-nu-tion]
 - dwarf    n.侏儒；矮小的植物；v.使变矮小    [dwarf]
 + dwindle    v.变小    [dwin-dle]
 - ebb    v.退潮；衰退    [ebb]
 + emaciate    v.使…瘦弱；消瘦    [e-ma-ci-ate]
 + emaciation    n.消瘦，衰弱    [e-ma-ci-a-tion]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 + holster    n.手枪皮套    [hol-ster]
 - pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 - pare    v.削；修剪；削减，缩减    [pare]
 - pestle    n.杵，乳钵槌    [pes-tle]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 + restrain    v.克制，抑制    [re-strain]
 + shear    v.剪(羊毛)，剪发    [shear]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 + squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 - wane    v.减少，衰微    [wane]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]
 + wither    v.枯萎，凋零    [with-er]
 + wizened    a.干皱的，干巴巴的    [wiz-ened]

***** distance 196

 + aloof    a.冷淡的，疏远的    [a-loof]
 - asunder    a./adv.分离的；化为碎片    [a-sun-der]
 + distant    a.疏远的，冷淡的    [dis-tant]
 - extend    v.延展，延长    [ex-tend]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 + stride    v.大步行走    [stride]

***** nearness 197

 + adjacent    a.接近的，毗连的    [ad-ja-cent]
 - approach    v.接近，靠近；着手处理；n.方法    [ap-proach]
 - approximate    a.大约的，估计的    [ap-prox-i-mate]
 - brink    n.(峭壁的)边沿，边缘    [brink]
 - bystander    n.旁观者    [by-stand-er]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 + contiguous    a.接壤的，接近的    [con-tig-u-ous]
 + converge    v.会聚，集中于一点    [con-verge]
 + earshot    n.听力所及范围    [ear-shot]
 + intimate    a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示    [in-ti-mate]
 - proximate    a.最接近的，直接的    [prox-i-mate]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 + vicinity    n.附近，接近    [vi-cin-i-ty]

***** interval 198

 + abnegate    v.否认，放弃    [ab-ne-gate]
 - breach    n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背    [breach]
 + canon    n.经典，真作    [ca-non]
 - canyon    n.峡谷    [can-yon]
 + chasm    n.深渊，大沟；大差别    [chasm]
 - cleft    n.裂缝；a.劈开的    [cleft]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 + creek    n.小湾，小溪    [creek]
 + defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 - fissure    n.裂缝，裂隙    [fis-sure]
 - flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 + furrow    n.犁沟；皱纹    [fur-row]
 + gape    v.裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视    [gape]
 - gash    n.深长的伤口，裂缝    [gash]
 + gorge    n.峡谷    [gorge]
 + gully    n.雨水冲成的沟壑    [gul-ly]
 - hiatus    n.空隙，裂缝    [hi-a-tus]
 - interim    n.中间时期，过渡时期；a.暂时的    [in-ter-im]
 - interregnum    n.无王时期    [in-ter-reg-num]
 + leak    v.泄漏；n.泄漏；漏出量，漏洞    [leak]
 + mesh    v.用网捕捉；齿合    [mesh]
 + ravine    n.深谷，峡谷    [ra-vine]
 - rent    n.裂缝；(意见)分歧    [rent]
 - rift    n.裂口，断裂；矛盾    [rift]
 - riven    a.撕裂的，分裂的    [riv-en]
 + strait    n.海峡；a.狭窄的    [strait]
 - void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]

***** contiguity 199

 + abut    v.接界，毗连    [a-but]
 - adhere    v.粘着    [ad-here]
 - coincide    v.巧合；一致    [co-in-cide]
 + contact    n./v.接触；互通信息    [con-tact]
 - contiguous    a.接壤的，接近的    [con-tig-u-ous]
 + graze    v.(动物)吃(地上长的)草；放牧    [graze]
 + juxtapose    v.并排，并置    [jux-ta-pose]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 + tangential    a.切线的；离题的    [tan-gen-tial]

*** 2. Linear Dimensions

***** length 200

 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 + cartographer    n.绘制地图者    [car-tog-ra-pher]
 - distend    v.(使)膨胀，胀大    [dis-tend]
 + drawl    v./n.慢吞吞地说话（态度）    [drawl]
 + elongate    v.延长，伸长    [e-lon-gate]
 - extend    v.延展，延长    [ex-tend]
 + fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 - inch    v.慢慢前进，慢慢移动    [inch]
 - interminable    a.无尽头的    [in-ter-mi-na-ble]
 - linear    a.线的；成直线的    [lin-e-ar]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - prolong    v.延长，拉长    [pro-long]
 - protract    v.延长，拖长    [pro-tract]
 + radius    n.半径    [ra-di-us]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 - spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]
 + spoke    n.(车轮上)辐条    [spoke]
 + streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - tauten    v.拉紧，绷紧    [taut-en]
 - tension    n.紧张，焦虑；张力    [ten-sion]

***** shortness 201

 + abbreviate    v.缩短；缩写    [ab-bre-vi-ate]
 - abridge    v.删减；缩短    [a-bridge]
 + clip    n.夹子，别针；v.修剪    [clip]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 - compress    v.压缩，浓缩    [com-press]
 + concise    a.简洁的    [con-cise]
 + curt    a.(言词、行为)简略而草率的    [curt]
 - curtail    v.削减，缩短    [cur-tail]
 + ellipsis    n.省略    [el-lip-sis]
 - epitome    n.典型；梗概    [e-pit-o-me]
 + epitomize    v.概括，摘要    [e-pit-o-mize]
 - hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 - hew    v.砍伐；遵守    [hew]
 - hydrate    n.水化物；v.水化    [hy-drate]
 - nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 - prune    n.梅干；v.修剪    [prune]
 + reap    v.收割，收获    [reap]
 - retrench    v.节省，紧缩费用    [re-trench]
 - shear    v.剪(羊毛)，剪发    [shear]
 + snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]
 + stocky    a.矮胖的，粗壮的    [stock-y]
 + stunt    v.阻碍(成长)；n.特技，绝技    [stunt]
 - summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]
 + truncate    v.把(某物)截短，去尾    [trun-cate]

***** breadth, thickness 202

 - ample    a.富足的；充足的    [am-ple]
 - amplitude    n.广大，广阔    [am-pli-tude]
 + bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 + breadth    n.宽度    [breadth]
 + calibrate    v.量…口径；校准    [cal-i-brate]
 + diameter    n.直径    [di-am-e-ter]
 - expand    v.扩大，膨胀    [ex-pand]
 - latitude    n.言行自由；纬度    [lat-i-tude]
 - radius    n.半径    [ra-di-us]
 - squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]

***** narrowness, thinness 203

 - contract    n.合同；v.订合同；收缩    [con-tract]
 + delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - emaciation    n.消瘦，衰弱    [e-ma-ci-a-tion]
 + gossamer    n.蛛丝；薄纱；a.轻而薄的    [gos-sa-mer]
 - isthmus    n.地峡    [isth-mus]
 + lank    a.瘦削的；长而软的    [lank]
 - meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 - ravine    n.深谷，峡谷    [ra-vine]
 + ridge    n.脊(如屋脊，山脊等)；隆起物    [ridge]
 - scant    a.不足的，缺乏的    [scant]
 + skeleton    n.骨架，骨骼；提纲    [skel-e-ton]
 + spindly    a.细长的，纤弱的    [spin-dly]
 - streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 + stricture    n.严厉谴责；束缚    [stric-ture]
 + strip    v.剥去；n.狭长的一片    [strip]
 + svelte    a.(女人)体态苗条的    [svelte]
 + taper    n.细蜡烛；v.(长形物体的)逐渐变细    [ta-per]
 + willowy    a.苗条的    [wil-low-y]

***** layer 204

 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - foil    n.钝剑；箔，锡箔纸    [foil]
 + membrane    n.薄膜；细胞膜    [mem-brane]
 - pare    v.削；修剪；削减，缩减    [pare]
 + patina    n.绿锈；光亮的外表    [pat-i-na]
 + peel    v.削去…的皮；剥落；n.外皮    [peel]
 - petal    n.花瓣    [pet-al]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 + slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 - slice    v.切成片；n.薄片    [slice]
 + stratify    v.(使)层化    [strat-i-fy]
 + stratum    n.地层；社会阶层    [stra-tum]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 + veneer    n.(镶于劣质东西上的)镶面板；外表    [ve-neer]
 - zone    v.分成区    [zone]

***** filament 205

 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 + capillary    n.毛细血管    [ca-pil-lar-y]
 - cord    n.考得(木材堆的体积单位，等于128立方英尺，3.6246立方米)；绳索    [cord]
 + flax    n.亚麻    [flax]
 - gossamer    n.蛛丝；薄纱；a.轻而薄的    [gos-sa-mer]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 + strand    n.绳线的一股；v.搁浅    [strand]
 - strip    v.剥去；n.狭长的一片    [strip]
 - thread    n.螺纹    [thread]
 + yarn    n.纱线    [yarn]

***** height 206

 + aerial    a.空中的，空气中的    [aer-i-al]
 + aloft    adv.在空中，在头顶上    [a-loft]
 - aloof    a.冷淡的，疏远的    [a-loof]
 + apogee    n.远地点    [ap-o-gee]
 + cape    n.披肩，短斗篷；海角    [cape]
 - colossus    n.巨人；巨型雕像    [co-los-sus]
 + dome    n.圆顶屋    [dome]
 + down    n.绒毛；汗毛    [down]
 + dune    n.沙丘    [dune]
 + eminence    n.卓越，杰出    [em-i-nence]
 + eminent    a.著名的，显著的    [em-i-nent]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 + hover    v.翱翔；(人)徘徊    [hov-er]
 - incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 + lofty    a.崇高的，高尚的    [loft-y]
 + mast    n.船桅，旗杆    [mast]
 + minaret    n.清真寺的尖塔    [min-a-ret]
 + mountainous    a.多山的；巨大的    [moun-tain-ous]
 + peak    v.憔悴，消瘦    [peak]
 - perch    v.(鸟)栖息    [perch]
 - pillar    n.柱子    [pil-lar]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 + prominent    a.显著的；著名的    [prom-i-nent]
 + pylon    n.高压电线架；桥塔    [py-lon]
 - ridge    n.脊(如屋脊，山脊等)；隆起物    [ridge]
 + skyscraper    n.摩天大楼    [sky-scrap-er]
 - soar    v.高飞，翱翔；猛增    [soar]
 + spire    n.(教堂)尖顶    [spire]
 + stature    n.身高，身材    [stat-ure]
 + surmount    v.克服，战胜    [sur-mount]
 + turret    n.塔楼，角塔    [tur-ret]
 + vantage    n.优势，有利地位    [van-tage]

***** lowness 207

 - cellar    n.地下室；酒窖    [cel-lar]
 + crouch    v.蹲伏，弯腰    [crouch]
 + depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 + grovel    v.摇尾乞怜，奴颜婢膝    [grov-el]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 + slouch    n.没精打采的样子；v.没精打采地坐(站、走)    [slouch]
 - squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]

***** depth 208

 + abysmal    a.极深的；糟透的    [a-bys-mal]
 + crater    n.火山口；弹坑    [cra-ter]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 + plumb    adv.精确地；v.深入了解；测水深    [plumb]
 + plummet    v.垂直或突然坠下    [plum-met]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 + probe    v.探索，探测    [probe]
 - profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 + saboteur    n.从事破坏活动者    [sab-o-teur]
 + subterranean    a.地下的    [sub-ter-ra-ne-an]

***** shallowness 209

 - shoal    n.浅滩，浅水处；一群(鱼等)；a.水浅的    [shoal]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + superficial    a.表面的，肤浅的    [su-per-fi-cial]

***** summit 210

 + Antarctic    a.南极的    [Ant-arc-tic]
 + acme    n.顶点，极点    [ac-me]
 + apex    n.顶点，最高点    [a-pex]
 - apogee    n.远地点    [ap-o-gee]
 - climax    n.顶点，高潮    [cli-max]
 + crest    n.山顶，浪尖；羽冠    [crest]
 + crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - culmination    n.顶点；结果    [cul-mi-na-tion]
 + frieze    n.(在墙顶与天花板间起装饰作用的)横条，饰带    [frieze]
 - nib    n.钢笔尖    [nib]
 - peak    v.憔悴，消瘦    [peak]
 + pinnacle    n.尖塔；山峰，顶峰    [pin-na-cle]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 + polar    a.地极的，两极的；磁极的    [po-lar]
 - supreme    a.至高的；极度的    [su-preme]
 + vertex    n.(三角形等)顶角；顶点    [ver-tex]
 + zenith    n.天顶；极点    [ze-nith]

***** base 211

 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - fundamental    a.最根本的，基本的；十分重要的    [fun-da-men-tal]
 + grounded    a.有理由的；adv.地面上    [grounded]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + hoof    n.(牛马的)蹄    [hoof]
 + nadir    n.最低点    [na-dir]
 + plinth    n.柱脚，底座    [plinth]

***** verticality 212

 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - erect    a.竖立的，笔直的，直立的    [e-rect]
 + perpendicular    a.垂直的    [per-pen-dic-u-lar]
 - plumb    adv.精确地；v.深入了解；测水深    [plumb]
 - plummet    v.垂直或突然坠下    [plum-met]
 + precipice    n.悬崖    [prec-i-pice]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 + upright    a.垂直的；正直的    [up-right]
 + vertical    a.垂直的    [ver-ti-cal]

***** horizontality 213

 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 + flatten    v.变平；彻底打败某人    [flat-ten]
 + horizontal    a.水平的    [hor-i-zon-tal]
 + loll    v.懒洋洋地坐或卧    [loll]
 + mesa    n.高台地，平顶山    [me-sa]
 + plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 + plane    n.刨子；平面；v.刨    [plane]
 + plateau    n.高原；平稳的状态    [pla-teau]
 + prone    a.俯卧的；倾向于…的    [prone]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 + recumbent    a.侧卧的；休息的    [re-cum-bent]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 - sprawling    a.植物蔓生的，(城市)无计划地扩展的    [sprawling]
 - stratum    n.地层；社会阶层    [stra-tum]
 + supine    a.仰卧的；懒散的    [su-pine]
 - terrace    n.一层梯田；阳台    [ter-race]

***** pendency 214

 - fasten    v.使…固定(to fix sth. firmly)    [fas-ten]
 - pendulum    n.摆，钟摆    [pen-du-lum]
 - skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 - suspend    v.暂缓，中止；吊，悬    [sus-pend]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 + talon    n.猛禽的锐爪    [tal-on]

***** support 215

 - abut    v.接界，毗连    [a-but]
 + anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 + axis    n.轴(常为虚构之线，如地球轴)    [ax-is]
 + axle    n.轮轴(连接两个车轮的轴)    [ax-le]
 - bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 + banister    n.(楼梯的)栏杆    [ban-is-ter]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 + baton    n.指挥棒(指挥家用)；警棍    [ba-ton]
 + beam    n.(房屋等)大梁；光线    [beam]
 - bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 + bench    n.法官席；长凳    [bench]
 + bolster    n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励    [bol-ster]
 + boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 - bracket    n.托架，支架    [brack-et]
 + buttress    n.拱墙，拱壁；v.支持    [but-tress]
 + console    v.安慰，抚慰    [con-sole]
 + crutch    n.拐杖；v.支撑    [crutch]
 + cushion    n.坐垫；v.缓冲    [cush-ion]
 + easel    n.黑板，画架    [ea-sel]
 - embed    v.牢牢插入，嵌于    [em-bed]
 + flange    n.(火车车轮的)凸缘，轮缘    [flange]
 + foodstuff    n.食料，食品    [food-stuff]
 - four-poster    n.有四柱的床    [four-post-er]
 - fulcrum    n.杠杆支点，支柱    [ful-crum]
 - fundamental    a.最根本的，基本的；十分重要的    [fun-da-men-tal]
 - girder    n.大梁    [gird-er]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - horn    n.角，角质；喇叭    [horn]
 + jamb    n.门窗的侧柱    [jamb]
 - lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 - loll    v.懒洋洋地坐或卧    [loll]
 - mast    n.船桅，旗杆    [mast]
 + mattress    n.床垫    [mat-tress]
 + pedestal    n.(柱石或雕像的)基座    [ped-es-tal]
 - perch    v.(鸟)栖息    [perch]
 - pillar    n.柱子    [pil-lar]
 - plinth    n.柱脚，底座    [plinth]
 + podium    n.讲坛，指挥台    [po-di-um]
 - prop    n.支撑物，靠山；v.支持    [prop]
 + rafter    n.椽子    [raft-er]
 + repose    n./v.躺着休息，安睡    [re-pose]
 + rib    n.肋骨；伞骨    [rib]
 + rung    n.梯子横挡，梯级    [rung]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 + scaffold    n.脚手架(造房时搭的架子)    [scaf-fold]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + shoulder    n.肩；路肩    [shoul-der]
 + sill    n.门槛；窗台    [sill]
 - skeleton    n.骨架，骨骼；提纲    [skel-e-ton]
 - slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 + splint    n.(固定断骨的)夹板，托板    [splint]
 - stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 - throne    n.宝座；王位    [throne]
 - tripod    n.画架，三脚架    [tri-pod]
 - truss    n.桁架，支架；干草的一捆    [truss]
 + undergird    v.加强    [un-der-gird]
 - uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]
 - upright    a.垂直的；正直的    [up-right]

***** parallelism 216

 - parallel    a.平行的；类似的；n.平行线；v.与…相似    [par-al-lel]
 - parallelism    n.平行，类似    [par-al-lel-ism]

***** perpendicularity 216.a

 - perpendicular    a.垂直的    [per-pen-dic-u-lar]

***** obliquity 217

 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 + intersect    v.横截，横断    [in-ter-sect]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 + lurch    n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行    [lurch]
 - slant    v.倾斜；n.斜面；看法    [slant]
 + tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]

***** inversion 218

 - inverse    a.相反的；倒转的    [in-verse]
 - invert    v.上下倒置    [in-vert]
 - overturn    v.翻倒；推翻    [o-ver-turn]
 + pirouette    n./v.(舞蹈)脚尖立地的旋转    [pir-ou-ette]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 - subvert    v.颠覆，推翻    [sub-vert]
 - supine    a.仰卧的；懒散的    [su-pine]
 - transpose    v.变换位置，调换    [trans-pose]

***** crossing 219

 - braid    n.穗子；发辫；v.编成辫子    [braid]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 + crucial    a.决定性的    [cru-cial]
 - entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 + filigree    n.金银丝做的工艺品    [fil-i-gree]
 + grating    a.(声音)刺耳的；恼人的    [grat-ing]
 - intersect    v.横截，横断    [in-ter-sect]
 - intertwine    v.纠缠，缠，绕    [in-ter-twine]
 - lace    n.鞋带，系带；网眼花边，透孔织品    [lace]
 + lattice    n.(做篱笆或爬藤架等的)格子架    [lat-tice]
 + linen    n.亚麻织品，亚麻布    [lin-en]
 - mesh    v.用网捕捉；齿合    [mesh]
 - needlework    n.缝纫，刺绣    [nee-dle-work]
 + plait    n.发辫；v.编成辫    [plait]
 - ravel    v.纠缠，纠结；拆开，拆散    [rav-el]
 - splice    v.接合，衔接    [splice]
 - tangle    v.缠结；n.纷乱    [tan-gle]
 + thwart    v.阻挠，使…受挫    [thwart]
 - tissue    n.细胞组织；薄纸，棉纸    [tis-sue]

*** 3. Centrical Dimensions

*** 1. General.

***** exteriority 220

 - eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 + facet    n.(宝石等的)小平面；侧面    [fac-et]
 + peripheral    a.不重要的，外围的    [pe-riph-er-al]
 + spatial    a.有关空间的，在空间的    [spa-tial]
 - superficial    a.表面的，肤浅的    [su-per-fi-cial]

***** interiority 221

 - endemic    a.地方性的    [en-dem-ic]
 + intern    v.拘禁，软禁；n.实习生    [in-tern]
 - lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 - pith    n.精髓，要点    [pith]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - vernacular    n.本国语，地方语    [ver-nac-u-lar]

***** centrality 222

 - centralization    n.集中；集权化    [cen-tral-i-za-tion]
 - concentrate    v.集中，浓缩    [con-cen-trate]
 - converge    v.会聚，集中于一点    [con-verge]
 - core    n.果心；核心)；v.去掉某物的中心部分    [core]
 - fixate    v.使固定，使不变；注视，凝视    [fix-ate]
 + kernel    n.果仁；核心    [ker-nel]
 - nucleus    n.(原子)核    [nu-cle-us]
 - pith    n.精髓，要点    [pith]
 - symmetry    n.对称；均衡    [sym-me-try]

***** covering 223

 + awning    n.遮阳蓬，雨蓬    [awn-ing]
 - bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 + bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 + canopy    n.蚊帐，华盖    [can-o-py]
 - capsule    n.荚；胶囊    [cap-sule]
 + conceal    v.隐藏，隐瞒    [con-ceal]
 + crust    n.硬的表面；(一片)面包片；地壳    [crust]
 + cuticle    n.表皮    [cu-ti-cle]
 + enamel    n.珐琅，瓷釉    [e-nam-el]
 + epidermis    n.表皮，外皮    [ep-i-der-mis]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 + galvanize    v.电镀；通电；激励    [gal-va-nize]
 + gild    v.镀金；虚饰    [gild]
 + hide    n.兽皮    [hide]
 + husk    n.外壳；皮，荚    [husk]
 + ironclad    a.装铁甲的；坚固的    [i-ron-clad]
 + linoleum    n.油毡    [li-no-le-um]
 + lint    n.绷带用麻布，皮棉    [lint]
 + mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 + ointment    n.油膏，软膏    [oint-ment]
 + otter    n.水獭    [ot-ter]
 + parka    n.派克大衣(毛皮风雪大衣)    [par-ka]
 - patina    n.绿锈；光亮的外表    [pat-i-na]
 - peel    v.削去…的皮；剥落；n.外皮    [peel]
 - plaster    n.灰泥，石膏；v.抹灰泥    [plas-ter]
 - pod    n.豆荚；v.剥掉(豆荚)    [pod]
 + rind    n.(西瓜等)外皮    [rind]
 + robe    n.长袍，礼服    [robe]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - sheath    n.(刀、剑)鞘、套    [sheath]
 - shed    v.流出(眼泪等)；脱落(叶子)    [shed]
 + shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 + shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]
 + shuck    n.(植物的)壳，夹；无用之物    [shuck]
 + superimpose    v.加在上面    [su-per-im-pose]
 + tarpaulin    n.防水油布    [tar-pau-lin]
 + thatch    v.以茅草覆盖；n.茅草屋顶，茅草    [thatch]
 - tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 - tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]
 + varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]
 + veil    n.面纱；遮蔽物，掩蔽物；v.以面纱掩盖    [veil]
 - veneer    n.(镶于劣质东西上的)镶面板；外表    [ve-neer]

***** lining 224

 + padding    n.衬垫，填料    [pad-ding]

***** clothing 225

 + apparel    n.(精致的)衣服    [ap-par-el]
 + apron    n.围裙    [a-pron]
 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 + bonnet    n.圆帽，扁平软帽    [bon-net]
 - cape    n.披肩，短斗篷；海角    [cape]
 + cardinal    a.最重要的；n.红衣主教    [car-di-nal]
 + clog    n.障碍; v.阻塞    [clog]
 + cobbler    n.补鞋匠    [cob-bler]
 + collar    n.衣领；戴在动物颈部的项圈    [col-lar]
 + costume    n.服装；剧装    [cos-tume]
 + cravat    n.领巾，领结    [cra-vat]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 + encapsulate    v.装入胶囊；压缩    [en-cap-su-late]
 + garment    n.衣服    [gar-ment]
 - gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 - guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 + helmet    n.头盔，钢盔    [hel-met]
 - lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 - linen    n.亚麻织品，亚麻布    [lin-en]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 + masquerade    n.化装舞会；v.伪装    [mas-quer-ade]
 + mitten    n.(四指套在一起拇指分开的)连指手套    [mit-ten]
 + muffler    n.消音器；围巾    [muf-fler]
 + overlap    v.(部分地)重叠    [o-ver-lap]
 + pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - parka    n.派克大衣(毛皮风雪大衣)    [par-ka]
 + poncho    n.斗篷；雨衣    [pon-cho]
 + rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 - robe    n.长袍，礼服    [robe]
 + sandal    n.凉鞋，拖鞋    [san-dal]
 + sartorial    a.裁缝的，缝制的    [sar-to-ri-al]
 + scarf    n.围巾，披肩    [scarf]
 - sheath    n.(刀、剑)鞘、套    [sheath]
 - skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]
 - snip    v.剪断    [snip]
 + sock    v.重击，痛打    [sock]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]
 - veil    n.面纱；遮蔽物，掩蔽物；v.以面纱掩盖    [veil]
 + vestment    n.(作礼拜时教士的)法衣，官服    [vest-ment]
 + wardrobe    n.衣橱；全部服装    [ward-robe]

***** divestment 226

 - bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 - callow    a.(鸟)未生羽毛的；(人)未成熟的    [cal-low]
 + denude    v.脱去；剥蚀；剥夺    [de-nude]
 - dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 + divest    v.卸下盛装；剥夺    [di-vest]
 + doff    v.脱掉    [doff]
 + excoriate    v.撕去皮；严厉批评    [ex-co-ri-ate]
 + molt    v.换羽，脱毛；n.换羽(期)，脱毛(期)    [molt]
 - pare    v.削；修剪；削减，缩减    [pare]
 - peel    v.削去…的皮；剥落；n.外皮    [peel]
 + ragged    a.破烂的    [rag-ged]
 + shopworn    a.在商店中陈列旧了的    [shop-worn]
 - shuck    n.(植物的)壳，夹；无用之物    [shuck]
 - strip    v.剥去；n.狭长的一片    [strip]
 + threadbare    a.磨破的，陈腐的    [thread-bare]

***** circumjacence 227

 + beset    v.镶嵌；困扰    [be-set]
 + circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 + encompass    v.包围，围绕    [en-com-pass]
 + environ    v.包围，围绕    [en-vi-ron]
 - lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 + outskirts    n.郊区，郊外    [out-skirts]
 - peripheral    a.不重要的，外围的    [pe-riph-er-al]
 - skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]
 - vicinity    n.附近，接近    [vi-cin-i-ty]

***** interposition 228

 - episodic    a.偶然发生的，分散性的    [ep-i-sod-ic]
 + import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 - infiltrate    v.渗透，渗入    [in-fil-trate]
 + insinuate    v.暗指，暗示    [in-sin-u-ate]
 - interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 + interjection    n.插入语；感叹词    [in-ter-jec-tion]
 + intermediary    n.仲裁者；中间物；a.中间的，媒介的    [in-ter-me-di-ar-y]
 + interpolate    v.插入；篡改    [in-ter-po-late]
 - interpose    v.置于…之间；使介入    [in-ter-pose]
 - intersperse    v.散布；点缀    [in-ter-sperse]
 - intervene    v.干涉，介入    [in-ter-vene]
 - intrude    v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入    [in-trude]
 - panel    n.专门小组；仪表板    [pan-el]
 - partition    n.隔开；隔墙    [par-ti-tion]
 - permeate    v.扩散；渗透    [per-me-ate]
 + smuggle    v.走私，私运    [smug-gle]
 - splice    v.接合，衔接    [splice]

***** circumscription 229

 - circumscribe    v.限制    [cir-cum-scribe]
 + confine    v.限制，禁闭    [con-fine]
 + containment    n.阻止，遏制    [con-tain-ment]
 + corral    n.(牛、马等)畜栏    [cor-ral]
 - encapsulate    v.装入胶囊；压缩    [en-cap-su-late]
 + landlocked    a.被陆地包围的    [land-locked]

***** outline 230

 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 - circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 + circumference    n.周围；圆周；周长    [cir-cum-fer-ence]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - girth    n.腰身；周长    [girth]
 - outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 + perimeter    n.周长    [pe-rim-e-ter]
 + periphery    n.不重要的部分；外围    [pe-riph-er-y]
 + profile    n.外形；轮廓侧面像    [pro-file]
 - zone    v.分成区    [zone]

***** edge 231

 - brink    n.(峭壁的)边沿，边缘    [brink]
 - confine    v.限制，禁闭    [con-fine]
 - flange    n.(火车车轮的)凸缘，轮缘    [flange]
 + fringe    n.(窗帘等)须边；边缘    [fringe]
 + hem    v.包围；n.袖边，边缘；interj.吞吞吐吐地说    [hem]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 - margin    n.页边空白，边缘；差额；余地；利润    [mar-gin]
 + marginal    a.书页空白处的；不重要的    [mar-gin-al]
 + motif    n.(作品)主题，主旨    [mo-tif]
 - skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]

***** inclosure 232

 + barricade    v.设栅阻挡；n.栅栏    [bar-ri-cade]
 + barrier    n.路障；障碍    [bar-ri-er]
 - bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 - circumscribe    v.限制    [cir-cum-scribe]
 - corral    n.(牛、马等)畜栏    [cor-ral]
 - fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 + fosse    n.护城河    [fosse]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 - hedge    n.树篱；限制    [hedge]
 + moat    n.壕沟；护城河    [moat]
 - pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 + rail    n.栏杆；铁轨；v.咒骂，猛烈指责    [rail]

***** limit 233

 - confine    v.限制，禁闭    [con-fine]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 - determinant    n.决定因素；a.决定性的    [de-ter-mi-nant]
 + floodgate    n.(水闸的)闸门    [flood-gate]
 + landmark    n.陆标；里程碑    [land-mark]
 + sluice    n.水门，水闸；v.冲洗    [sluice]
 - stint    v.吝惜，节省    [stint]
 - terminal    a.末端的；n.终点站，终端    [ter-mi-nal]
 - termination    n.终点    [ter-mi-na-tion]
 - terminus    n.(火车，汽车)终点站    [ter-mi-nus]
 + watershed    n.分水岭，转折点    [wa-ter-shed]

*** 2. Special

***** front 234

 - anterior    a.较早的，以前的    [an-te-ri-or]
 + confront    v.面临；对抗    [con-front]
 + countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 + facade    n. 建筑物的正面；(虚伪)外表    [fa-cade]
 + obverse    n./a.正面(的)    [ob-verse]
 + rostrum    n.讲台，讲坛    [ros-trum]
 - stem    n.(植物的)茎，叶柄；v.阻止，遏制(水流等)    [stem]

***** rear 235

 - backdrop    n.(事情的)背景，背景幕布    [back-drop]
 + dorsal    a.背部的    [dor-sal]
 - hinder    v.阻碍，妨碍    [hin-der]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 + stern    n.船尾    [stern]

***** laterality 236

 + abreast    adv.并列，并排    [a-breast]
 - beam    n.(房屋等)大梁；光线    [beam]
 - collateral    a.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品    [col-lat-er-al]
 + lateral    a.侧面的    [lat-er-al]
 + orient    a.上升的；v.确定方向；使熟悉情况    [o-ri-ent]
 - profile    n.外形；轮廓侧面像    [pro-file]
 - skirt    v.环绕，逃避    [skirt]

***** contraposition 237

 + arctic    a.北极的；极寒的    [arc-tic]
 - converse    v.谈话；a.逆向的n.相反的事物    [con-verse]
 - counterpart    n.相对应或具有相同功能的人或物    [coun-ter-part]
 - inverse    a.相反的；倒转的    [in-verse]
 - polarity    n.极端性，二极分化    [po-lar-i-ty]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]

***** dextrality 238

 + ambidextrous    a.十分灵巧的    [am-bi-dex-trous]

***** sinistrality 239



** Section III. Form

*** 1. General Form

***** form 240

 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - chisel    n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗    [chis-el]
 + configuration    n.结构，配置；轮廓    [con-fig-u-ra-tion]
 - feature    n.特色，特点，特征    [fea-ture]
 - formation    n.组织，形成；(军队)编队    [for-ma-tion]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - hew    v.砍伐；遵守    [hew]
 - knead    v.揉制，捏制    [knead]
 - labile    a.不稳定的    [la-bile]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 - pose    v.摆姿势；造作    [pose]
 - posture    n.姿势，体态；态度；v.故作姿态    [pos-ture]
 - protean    a.变化多端的，多变的    [pro-te-an]
 + sculpt    v.雕刻    [sculpt]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]

***** amorphism 241

 - amorphous    a.无定形的    [a-mor-phous]
 + barbarous    a.野蛮的；残暴的    [bar-ba-rous]
 + blemish    v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点    [blem-ish]
 - chaos    n.混乱    [cha-os]
 + deface    v.损坏    [de-face]
 + disfigure    v.毁容    [dis-fig-ure]
 + mar    v.破坏，损伤    [mar]
 - truncate    v.把(某物)截短，去尾    [trun-cate]

***** symmetry 242

 + arboreal    a.树木的    [ar-bo-re-al]
 + chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - parallel    a.平行的；类似的；n.平行线；v.与…相似    [par-al-lel]
 - parallelism    n.平行，类似    [par-al-lel-ism]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - symmetry    n.对称；均衡    [sym-me-try]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]

***** distortion 243

 - asymmetric    a.不对称的    [a-sym-met-ric]
 + awry    a.扭曲的，走样的    [a-wry]
 + contort    v.(使)扭曲(deform)；曲解    [con-tort]
 + distort    v.扭曲，弄歪    [dis-tort]
 + grimace    v./n.做鬼脸，面部歪扭    [gri-mace]
 + marred    a.受伤的；毁坏变形的    [marred]
 + misshapen    a.畸形的，奇形怪状的    [mis-shap-en]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]
 + wry    a.扭曲的；冷嘲性幽默的    [wry]

*** 2. Special Form

***** angularity 244

 + angular    a.有角的；(指人)瘦削的    [an-gu-lar]
 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 - bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 - bifurcate    v.分为两支，分叉    [bi-fur-cate]
 + cone    n.松果；圆锥体    [cone]
 - crutch    n.拐杖；v.支撑    [crutch]
 + elbow    n.肘    [el-bow]
 + fluke    n.侥幸；意想不到的事    [fluke]
 - fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 + hexagon    n.六角形，六边形    [hex-a-gon]
 + jagged    a.锯齿状的，不整齐的    [jag-ged]
 + notch    n.V字形刻痕    [notch]
 + oblique    a.间接的；斜的    [o-blique]
 - recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 - rectangle    n.长方形，矩形    [rec-tan-gle]
 - scythe    n.大镰刀    [scythe]
 + serrate    a.锯齿状的    [ser-rate]
 + serrated    a.呈锯齿状的    [ser-rat-ed]
 + sextant    n.六分仪(航海定向仪器)    [sex-tant]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 + zigzag    n./a.之字形(的)；v.弯弯曲曲地行进    [zig-zag]

***** curvature 245

 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + billowy    a.如波浪般翻滚的    [bil-low-y]
 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 + circular    a.圆形的    [cir-cu-lar]
 + crook    v.使弯曲；n.钩状物    [crook]
 + deflect    v.偏离，转向    [de-flect]
 + detour    n.弯路；绕行之路    [de-tour]
 - deviate    v.越轨，脱离    [de-vi-ate]
 - deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 + devious    a.不正直的；弯曲的    [de-vi-ous]
 + loop    n.圈，金属线圈    [loop]
 - oblique    a.间接的；斜的    [o-blique]
 + parabola    n.抛物线    [pa-rab-o-la]
 - scatter    v.散开，驱散    [scat-ter]
 + skew    a.不直的，歪斜的    [skew]
 - sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]
 - vault    n.拱顶；地窖    [vault]

***** straightness 246

 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 + rectify    v.改正，调正；提纯    [rec-ti-fy]
 + unbend    v.弄直；放松    [un-bend]
 + unfold    v.展开，打开；逐渐呈现    [un-fold]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]

***** circularity 247

 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 + bracelet    n.手镯，臂镯    [brace-let]
 - circular    a.圆形的    [cir-cu-lar]
 - collar    n.衣领；戴在动物颈部的项圈    [col-lar]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 + elliptical    a.椭圆的；晦涩的；省略的    [el-lip-ti-cal]
 + hoop    n.(桶之)箍，铁环    [hoop]
 + hub    n.轴心；中心    [hub]
 - lasso    n.套索(捕捉牛、马用)    [las-so]
 - loop    n.圈，金属线圈    [loop]
 + rhinestone    n.水晶石，莱茵石    [rhine-stone]
 + ringlet    n.卷发    [ring-let]
 + sash    n.肩带    [sash]
 - sextant    n.六分仪(航海定向仪器)    [sex-tant]
 - zone    v.分成区    [zone]

***** convolution 248

 + Byzantine    a.像迷宫似的；难变更的    [Byz-an-tine]
 - billowy    a.如波浪般翻滚的    [bil-low-y]
 - circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 - contort    v.(使)扭曲(deform)；曲解    [con-tort]
 + convoluted    a.旋绕的；费解的    [con-vo-lut-ed]
 + indent    v.切割成锯齿状    [in-dent]
 - intricate    a.复杂难懂的    [in-tri-cate]
 - labyrinth    n.迷宫    [lab-y-rinth]
 + maze    n.迷宫    [maze]
 + meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 + sinuous    a.蜿蜒的，迂回的    [sin-u-ous]
 + tortuous    a.弯弯曲曲的    [tor-tu-ous]
 + winding    a.蜿蜒的，迂回的    [wind-ing]
 + wrinkle    n.皱纹；窍门    [wrin-kle]

***** rotundity 249

 + boulder    n.巨砾    [boul-der]
 - bulb    n.植物的球茎；灯泡    [bulb]
 - cone    n.松果；圆锥体    [cone]
 + cylinder    n.圆柱    [cyl-in-der]
 - horn    n.角，角质；喇叭    [horn]
 + marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]

*** 3. Superficial Form

***** convexity 250

 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 - bulb    n.植物的球茎；灯泡    [bulb]
 + bulge    n./v.膨胀，鼓起    [bulge]
 + cameo    n.浮雕宝石；生动刻画；(演员)出演    [cam-e-o]
 - cape    n.披肩，短斗篷；海角    [cape]
 + chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 + convex    a.凸出的    [con-vex]
 - dome    n.圆顶屋    [dome]
 - elbow    n.肘    [el-bow]
 + emboss    v.加浮雕花纹于，使凸出    [em-boss]
 - flange    n.(火车车轮的)凸缘，轮缘    [flange]
 - hub    n.轴心；中心    [hub]
 + hunch    n.直觉，预感    [hunch]
 + molar    n.臼齿    [mo-lar]
 - poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 + pout    v.噘嘴，板脸    [pout]
 + proboscis    n.(象)长鼻；(昆虫等)吸管    [pro-bos-cis]
 + projection    n.凸出物    [pro-jec-tion]
 - prominent    a.显著的；著名的    [prom-i-nent]
 + protuberance    n.凸出，隆起    [protuberance]
 + protuberant    a.突出的，隆起的    [pro-tu-ber-ant]
 - rib    n.肋骨；伞骨    [rib]
 - ridge    n.脊(如屋脊，山脊等)；隆起物    [ridge]
 + salient    a.显著的，突出的    [sa-li-ent]
 - shoulder    n.肩；路肩    [shoul-der]
 + spur    v.刺激，激励；用马刺刺马    [spur]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - tuber    n.块茎，球根    [tu-ber]

***** flatness 251

 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - flatten    v.变平；彻底打败某人    [flat-ten]
 + flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - plane    n.刨子；平面；v.刨    [plane]
 - slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]

***** concavity 252

 - alcove    n.凹室    [al-cove]
 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 + cavern    n.大洞穴    [cav-ern]
 + cavity    n.(牙齿等的)洞，腔    [cav-i-ty]
 + concave    a.凹的    [con-cave]
 - crater    n.火山口；弹坑    [cra-ter]
 + delve    v.深入探究，钻研    [delve]
 + dent    n.缺口，凹痕；v.弄凹    [dent]
 + depressed    a.消沉的；凹陷的    [de-pressed]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 + dimple    n.酒窝，笑靥    [dim-ple]
 + excavate    v.挖掘；挖出    [ex-ca-vate]
 + glade    n.林中的空地    [glade]
 + gouge    n.半圆凿；v.挖出；敲竹杠    [gouge]
 - grotto    n.洞穴    [grot-to]
 - grove    n.小树林，树丛    [grove]
 - gully    n.雨水冲成的沟壑    [gul-ly]
 + implode    v.内爆；剧减    [im-plode]
 + porous    a.可渗透的；多孔的    [po-rous]
 + retiring    a.隐居的，不喜欢社交的    [re-tir-ing]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 + scoop    n.小铲，勺子；v.(用勺子)取出，舀出    [scoop]
 - tamp    v.捣实，砸实    [tamp]
 + undermine    v.破坏，损坏    [un-der-mine]

***** sponge 252.a

 + filter    n.滤纸；v.过滤    [fil-ter]
 - porous    a.可渗透的；多孔的    [po-rous]
 + spongy    a.像海绵的；不坚实的    [spon-gy]

***** sharpness 253

 + acuity    n.(尤指思想或感官)敏锐    [a-cu-i-ty]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 + awl    n.(钻皮革的)尖钻    [awl]
 + barb    n.(鱼钩的)倒钩；严厉的批评    [barb]
 + blade    n.刀锋，刀口    [blade]
 + bristle    n.短而硬的毛发；v.(毛)竖起；发怒    [bris-tle]
 - chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 - chisel    n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗    [chis-el]
 + cleaver    n.切肉刀    [cleav-er]
 - crest    n.山顶，浪尖；羽冠    [crest]
 + cutlery    n.(刀、叉、匙等)餐具    [cut-ler-y]
 + gadfly    n.虻，牛虻；讨厌的人    [gad-fly]
 - grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 + guillotine    n.断头台    [guil-lo-tine]
 + heckle    v.诘问，困扰    [heck-le]
 + hone    n.磨刀石；v.磨刀    [hone]
 - horn    n.角，角质；喇叭    [horn]
 + lancet    n.手术刀    [lan-cet]
 + needle    n.针；针叶    [nee-dle]
 - nib    n.钢笔尖    [nib]
 - petal    n.花瓣    [pet-al]
 + porcupine    n.豪猪，箭猪    [por-cu-pine]
 + razor    n.剃刀，刮胡刀    [ra-zor]
 - salient    a.显著的，突出的    [sa-li-ent]
 + scalpel    n.外科手术刀，解剖刀    [scal-pel]
 - scythe    n.大镰刀    [scythe]
 + spike    n.长钉，大钉    [spike]
 + spiny    a.针状的；多刺的，棘手的    [spin-y]
 - spire    n.(教堂)尖顶    [spire]
 - spoke    n.(车轮上)辐条    [spoke]
 - spur    v.刺激，激励；用马刺刺马    [spur]
 + tined    a.尖端的    [tined]
 + tusk    n.(象)长牙    [tusk]
 + whet    v.磨快；刺激    [whet]
 - whittle    v.削(木头)；削减    [whit-tle]

***** bluntness 254

 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 + obtuse    a.愚笨的；不锐利的    [ob-tuse]

***** smoothness 255

 + abrasive    a.磨损的；生硬粗暴的    [a-bra-sive]
 + burnish    v.擦亮，磨光    [bur-nish]
 - down    n.绒毛；汗毛    [down]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + glaze    v.装玻璃于；上釉彩；n.釉    [glaze]
 + gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 + glossy    a.光泽的，光滑的    [gloss-y]
 + lubricate    v.润滑    [lu-bri-cate]
 - mangle    v.毁损；撕成碎片，压碎    [man-gle]
 - plane    n.刨子；平面；v.刨    [plane]
 + polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 + slick    a.熟练的；圆滑的；光滑的    [slick]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]

***** roughness 256

 + asperity    n.严酷；粗鲁    [as-per-i-ty]
 - corrugate    v.(使)起波浪形，起皱纹    [cor-ru-gate]
 + corrugated    a.起皱纹的    [cor-ru-gat-ed]
 - crest    n.山顶，浪尖；羽冠    [crest]
 + crumple    v.弄皱；破裂    [crum-ple]
 - down    n.绒毛；汗毛    [down]
 + fluffy    a.有绒毛的；空洞的    [fluff-y]
 - fringe    n.(窗帘等)须边；边缘    [fringe]
 - gnarled    a.(树木)多节的；粗糙的    [gnarled]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 + hirsute    a.多毛的    [hir-sute]
 - imperial    a.帝王的，至尊的    [im-pe-ri-al]
 + panache    n.羽饰；炫耀    [pa-nache]
 + plume    n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛；搔首弄姿    [plume]
 + plush    a.豪华的    [plush]
 - ringlet    n.卷发    [ring-let]
 + ripple    v.起涟漪；n.细浪，涟漪    [rip-ple]
 + roughen    v.变得粗糙，变得不平    [rough-en]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - rumple    v.弄皱，弄乱    [rum-ple]
 + texture    n.质地；结构    [tex-ture]
 - tined    a.尖端的    [tined]
 + toupee    n.男用假发    [tou-pee]

***** notch 257

 - dent    n.缺口，凹痕；v.弄凹    [dent]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - dimple    n.酒窝，笑靥    [dim-ple]
 - indent    v.切割成锯齿状    [in-dent]
 + nick    n.小伤口，刻痕    [nick]
 - notch    n.V字形刻痕    [notch]
 - scotch    v.镇压，粉碎    [scotch]
 - serrate    a.锯齿状的    [ser-rate]
 - serrated    a.呈锯齿状的    [ser-rat-ed]

***** fold 258

 - corrugate    v.(使)起波浪形，起皱纹    [cor-ru-gate]
 + crease    n.折缝，皱痕    [crease]
 - crumple    v.弄皱；破裂    [crum-ple]
 - elbow    n.肘    [el-bow]
 - fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 - hem    v.包围；n.袖边，边缘；interj.吞吞吐吐地说    [hem]
 - plait    n.发辫；v.编成辫    [plait]
 + pleat    n.(衣服上的)褶    [pleat]
 + pucker    v.起皱；n.皱褶    [puck-er]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - rumple    v.弄皱，弄乱    [rum-ple]
 - wrinkle    n.皱纹；窍门    [wrin-kle]

***** furrow 259

 - corrugated    a.起皱纹的    [cor-ru-gat-ed]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 + engrave    v.在(硬物)上雕刻    [en-grave]
 + etch    v.蚀刻)；铭记    [etch]
 - fosse    n.护城河    [fosse]
 - furrow    n.犁沟；皱纹    [fur-row]
 + groove    n.凹线；(刻出的)线条；习惯    [groove]
 + gutter    n.水槽；街沟    [gut-ter]
 - incise    v.切，切割    [in-cise]
 - incision    n.切口；切割    [in-ci-sion]
 - kennel    n.狗舍，狗窝    [ken-nel]
 - moat    n.壕沟；护城河    [moat]
 - ravine    n.深谷，峡谷    [ra-vine]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 + striated    a.有条纹的    [stri-at-ed]

***** opening 260

 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 - chasm    n.深渊，大沟；大差别    [chasm]
 + colander    n.滤器，漏勺    [col-an-der]
 + drill    n.钻；钻床    [drill]
 + esophagus    n.食道，食管    [e-soph-a-gus]
 + gangway    n.(上下船的)跳板    [gang-way]
 - gape    v.裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视    [gape]
 - glade    n.林中的空地    [glade]
 - gully    n.雨水冲成的沟壑    [gul-ly]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 + impale    v.刺入，刺中    [im-pale]
 + lance    n.长矛；鱼叉    [lance]
 - lattice    n.(做篱笆或爬藤架等的)格子架    [lat-tice]
 + loophole    n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔    [loop-hole]
 + outlet    n.出口    [out-let]
 + patent    a.显而易见的；n.专利权(证书)    [pa-tent]
 + perforate    v.打洞    [per-fo-rate]
 + permeable    a.可渗透的(penetrable)    [per-me-a-ble]
 + pervious    a.可渗透的    [per-vi-ous]
 + pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 + piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 + pore    n.毛孔，气孔    [pore]
 - porous    a.可渗透的；多孔的    [po-rous]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 + puncture    v.刺穿，刺破；n.刺孔，穿孔    [punc-ture]
 - pylon    n.高压电线架；桥塔    [py-lon]
 - riddle    n.谜语    [rid-dle]
 + slot    n.狭孔    [slot]
 + spear    n.矛；嫩叶；v.刺戳    [spear]
 - spike    n.长钉，大钉    [spike]
 + vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]
 - vessel    n.血管；容器；船只    [ves-sel]
 + vista    n.远景；展望    [vis-ta]
 + yawn    v.打呵欠    [yawn]

***** closure 261

 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 + blockade    v./n.封锁    [block-ade]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 + choke    v.(使)窒息，阻塞    [choke]
 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 + congest    v.使拥挤；充血    [con-gest]
 - cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 + impasse    n.僵局；死路    [im-passe]
 + impenetrable    a.不能穿透的；不可理解的    [im-pen-e-tra-ble]
 + impermeability    n.不能渗透    [im-per-me-a-bil-i-ty]
 + impermeable    a.不可渗透的，透不过的    [im-per-me-a-ble]
 + impervious    a.不能渗透的；不为所动的    [im-per-vi-ous]
 + obstruct    v.阻塞，截断    [ob-struct]
 + obstruction    n.阻碍(物)，妨碍    [ob-struc-tion]
 + occlude    v.使闭塞    [oc-clude]
 - plumb    adv.精确地；v.深入了解；测水深    [plumb]
 + snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]

***** perforator 262

 - awl    n.(钻皮革的)尖钻    [awl]
 - chisel    n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗    [chis-el]
 - drill    n.钻；钻床    [drill]
 - gouge    n.半圆凿；v.挖出；敲竹杠    [gouge]
 - lancet    n.手术刀    [lan-cet]
 - needle    n.针；针叶    [nee-dle]
 - probe    v.探索，探测    [probe]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 - scoop    n.小铲，勺子；v.(用勺子)取出，舀出    [scoop]
 - spear    n.矛；嫩叶；v.刺戳    [spear]

***** stopper 263

 + faucet    n.水龙头    [fau-cet]
 - padding    n.衬垫，填料    [pad-ding]
 - spike    n.长钉，大钉    [spike]
 + tourniquet    n.止血带    [tour-ni-quet]
 + valve    n.活门，阀门    [valve]

** Section IV. Motion

*** 1. Motion in General

***** motion 264

 + budge    v.移动一点儿；改变立场    [budge]
 - clip    n.夹子，别针；v.修剪    [clip]
 + dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - erratic    a.反复无常的；古怪的    [er-rat-ic]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 - flux    n.不断的变动，动荡不定    [flux]
 + gait    n.步法，步态    [gait]
 - glide    v.滑行，滑动    [glide]
 + hie    v.疾走，催促    [hie]
 + impel    v.推进；驱使    [im-pel]
 + locomotion    n.运动，移动    [lo-co-mo-tion]
 + mercurial    a.善变的；活泼的    [mer-cu-ri-al]
 - mobile    a.易于移动的    [mo-bile]
 - mobility    n.可动性，流动性    [mo-bil-i-ty]
 + motility    n.运动性    [mo-til-i-ty]
 + movement    n.(交响乐)乐章    [move-ment]
 + nomadic    a.游牧的    [no-mad-ic]
 + propel    v.推进    [pro-pel]
 - restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 - stir    v.刺激    [stir]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - stride    v.大步行走    [stride]
 - velocity    n.速度；迅速    [ve-loc-i-ty]

***** quiescence 265

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 + embargo    n.禁运令，封港令    [em-bar-go]
 + haven    n.安息所，避难所    [ha-ven]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - hush    v./n.肃静，安静    [hush]
 - lull    n.活动的暂停；v.使平静    [lull]
 - quell    v.制止，镇压    [quell]
 - quiescent    a.不动的，静止的    [qui-es-cent]
 - repose    n./v.躺着休息，安睡    [re-pose]
 + sedentary    a.久坐的    [sed-en-tar-y]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + stagnant    a.停滞的    [stag-nant]
 - stationary    a.静止的，不动的    [sta-tion-ar-y]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 + stymie    v.妨碍，阻挠    [sty-mie]
 + tranquility    n.宁静，安静    [tran-quil-i-ty]
 + unmoved    a.无动于衷的，冷漠的；镇定的    [un-moved]

***** journey 266

 + amble    n./v.漫步，缓行    [am-ble]
 - circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 + constitutional    a.章程的，法规的；素质上的，本质的    [con-sti-tu-tion-al]
 - defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 + discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 + emigrate    v.自本国移居他国    [em-i-grate]
 + excursion    n.短途旅游    [ex-cur-sion]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 - glide    v.滑行，滑动    [glide]
 - hie    v.疾走，催促    [hie]
 - hover    v.翱翔；(人)徘徊    [hov-er]
 + itinerant    a.巡回的，流动的    [i-tin-er-ant]
 + itinerary    n.行程表；旅行路线    [i-tin-er-ar-y]
 + jaunt    n./v.短程旅游    [jaunt]
 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 + locomotive    a.移动的；n.机车，火车头    [lo-co-mo-tive]
 + lope    n.轻快的步伐；v.使大步慢跑；跳跃    [lope]
 + migratory    a.迁移的，流浪的    [mi-gra-to-ry]
 + odyssey    n.长途的冒险旅行    [odyssey]
 + perambulate    v.巡视；漫步    [per-am-bu-late]
 + peregrination    n.游历(尤指在国外)    [per-e-gri-na-tion]
 + peripatetic    a.巡游的    [per-i-pa-tet-ic]
 - plane    n.刨子；平面；v.刨    [plane]
 + plod    v.重步走；吃力地干    [plod]
 - procession    n.行列；前进    [pro-ces-sion]
 + promenade    v./n.散步；开车兜风    [prom-e-nade]
 + prowl    v.潜行于，偷偷地漫游    [prowl]
 + ramble    n./v.漫步    [ram-ble]
 - resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]
 + saunter    n./v.闲逛，漫步    [saun-ter]
 - scuff    v.拖着脚走    [scuff]
 + skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 + slither    v.(蛇)滑动，扭动前进    [slith-er]
 + stalk    v.隐伏跟踪(猎物)    [stalk]
 - stride    v.大步行走    [stride]
 + stroll    v.漫步，闲逛    [stroll]
 + strut    v.趾高气扬地走；n.支柱    [strut]
 - traverse    v.横穿过，横跨    [trav-erse]
 + trudge    v.跋涉    [trudge]
 + vagrancy    n.游荡，流浪    [va-gran-cy]
 - vagrant    a.漂泊的；n.流浪汉，无赖    [va-grant]
 + vehicle    n.交通工具；传播媒介    [ve-hi-cle]
 + wag    v.(狗尾巴等)摆动；n.诙谐幽默者    [wag]
 + wanderlust    n.漫游癖，旅游热    [wan-der-lust]

***** navigation 267

 - aerial    a.空中的，空气中的    [aer-i-al]
 - airborne    a.空气传播的；空运的    [air-borne]
 + balloon    n.气球；v.快速增加    [bal-loon]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 + canvas    n.画布；帆布    [can-vas]
 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 - glide    v.滑行，滑动    [glide]
 + headway    n.进步，进展    [head-way]
 - hover    v.翱翔；(人)徘徊    [hov-er]
 + maritime    a.沿海的；海上的    [mar-i-time]
 + nautical    a.船员的，航海的    [nau-ti-cal]
 + navigate    v.航海，导航    [nav-i-gate]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 - skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 - soar    v.高飞，翱翔；猛增    [soar]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]

***** traveler 268

 + asteroid    n.小行星    [as-ter-oid]
 + cavalier    >n.骑士，武士    [cav-a-lier]
 - itinerant    a.巡回的，流动的    [i-tin-er-ant]
 + jockey    n.骑师；v.用计谋获取    [jock-ey]
 + nomad    n.流浪者；游牧部落的人    [no-mad]
 + pedestrian    a.徒步的；缺乏想像的；n.行人    [pe-des-tri-an]
 - peripatetic    a.巡游的    [per-i-pa-tet-ic]
 + pilgrim    n.朝圣客，香客    [pil-grim]
 + refugee    n.难民，流亡者    [ref-u-gee]
 - rider    n.骑手；附文，附件    [rid-er]
 - vagrant    a.漂泊的；n.流浪汉，无赖    [va-grant]
 + wastrel    n.挥霍无度的人    [wast-rel]

***** mariner 269

 + marine    a.海的；海中的    [ma-rine]
 + pilot    n.飞行员；领航员；领导人    [pi-lot]

***** transference 270

 + conduct    n.品德，行为；v.领导，引导    [con-duct]
 + consign    v.托运；托人看管    [con-sign]
 + contagious    a.传染的，有感染力的    [con-ta-gious]
 + convey    v.运载，运送；表达    [con-vey]
 + delegate    n.代表；v.委派…为代表，授权    [del-e-gate]
 + deportation    n.驱逐出境    [de-por-ta-tion]
 - displace    v.换置；使某人某物离开原位    [dis-place]
 + draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - freight    n.货物；v.装货于(船等)    [freight]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 - infuse    v.灌输；鼓励    [in-fuse]
 - osmosis    n.渗透；潜移默化    [os-mo-sis]
 - relegate    v.降级，贬谪    [rel-e-gate]
 + shunt    v.使(火车)转到另一轨道，转移方向    [shunt]
 - transfer    v.转移，传递；调任，转让    [trans-fer]
 - transition    n.过渡时期，转变    [tran-si-tion]
 + transmit    v.传送，传播    [trans-mit]
 + transplantation    n.移植    [transplantation]
 + transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - transpose    v.变换位置，调换    [trans-pose]
 + waft    v.飘浮，飘荡    [waft]

***** carrier 271

 - barb    n.(鱼钩的)倒钩；严厉的批评    [barb]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 + cob    n.玉米棒子；雄天鹅    [cob]
 + equine    a.马的，似马的    [e-quine]
 + filly    n.小母马    [fil-ly]
 - hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 + jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - locomotive    a.移动的；n.机车，火车头    [lo-co-mo-tive]
 + mare    n.母马，母驴    [ma-re]
 + nag    v.唠叨，烦扰    [nag]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]

***** vehicle 272

 - caterpillar    n.毛毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫    [cat-er-pil-lar]
 - crate    n.篓，板条箱    [crate]
 + diligence    n.勤勉，勤奋    [dil-i-gence]
 - flatcar    n.平台型铁路货车    [flat-car]
 - hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 + hoe    n.锄头    [hoe]
 + hurdle    n.跳栏；障碍；v.克服(障碍)    [hur-dle]
 + limber    a.易弯曲的；敏捷的    [lim-ber]
 + limousine    n.大型轿车，大客车    [lim-ou-sine]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 - random    a.没有明确目的、计划或者目标的；偶然的，随便的    [ran-dom]
 - rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 + sleigh    n.(马拉的)雪橇    [sleigh]
 - spatula    n.(调拌等用的)抹刀    [spat-u-la]
 + sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - unicorn    n.(传说中的)独角兽    [u-ni-corn]
 - vehicle    n.交通工具；传播媒介    [ve-hi-cle]

***** ship 273

 - balloon    n.气球；v.快速增加    [bal-loon]
 + barge    n.平底货船，驳船    [barge]
 - bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 + baste    v.倒油脂于(烤肉上，以防烤干)    [baste]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + belabor    v.过分冗长地做或说；痛打    [be-la-bor]
 + bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 + clipper    n.大剪刀；快速帆船    [clip-per]
 + craft    n.行业；手艺    [craft]
 + dandy    n.花花公子，好打扮的人    [dan-dy]
 + dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 + galley    n.船上的厨房    [gal-ley]
 - hulk    n.废船，船壳；笨重之人或物    [hulk]
 - marine    a.海的；海中的    [ma-rine]
 - poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 + skiff    n.轻舟，小船    [skiff]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - vessel    n.血管；容器；船只    [ves-sel]
 + yacht    n.帆船，游艇    [yacht]

*** 2. Degrees of Motion

***** velocity 274

 - accelerate    v.加速；促进    [ac-cel-er-ate]
 + agile    a.敏捷的，灵活的    [ag-ile]
 - amble    n./v.漫步，缓行    [am-ble]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 + chipmunk    n.花栗鼠(像松鼠的美洲小动物)    [chip-munk]
 + dart    n.飞镖；v.急驰；投射    [dart]
 + expeditious    a.迅速的，敏捷的    [ex-pe-di-tious]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 + hasten    v.催促，促进    [has-ten]
 - hie    v.疾走，催促    [hie]
 + log    n./v.日志，记录；n.一段大木头；圆木    [log]
 - lope    n.轻快的步伐；v.使大步慢跑；跳跃    [lope]
 - mercurial    a.善变的；活泼的    [mer-cu-ri-al]
 + odometer    n.(汽车)里程表    [o-dom-e-ter]
 + ostrich    n.鸵鸟；不接受现实的人    [os-trich]
 - outstrip    v.超过；跑过    [out-strip]
 + scorch    v.烤焦，烧焦    [scorch]
 + scurry    v.急跑，疾行    [scur-ry]
 - skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 + spank    v.打，拍打(在屁股上)    [spank]
 + squirrel    n.松鼠    [squir-rel]
 - swift    a.迅速的；敏捷的    [swift]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 - torrent    n.洪流，急流    [tor-rent]
 - velocity    n.速度；迅速    [ve-loc-i-ty]

***** slowness 275

 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - creep    v.匍匐前进；悄悄地移动    [creep]
 - curb    n.路缘，(街道的)镶边石；马勒；v.控制    [curb]
 - dawdle    v.闲荡，虚度    [daw-dle]
 + deliberate    a.深思熟虑的，故意的；v.慎重考虑    [de-lib-er-ate]
 - dilatory    a.慢吞吞的，磨蹭的    [di-la-to-ry]
 - drawl    v./n.慢吞吞地说话（态度）    [drawl]
 + falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 + glacial    a.冰期的，冰河期的；寒冷的    [gla-ci-al]
 - grovel    v.摇尾乞怜，奴颜婢膝    [grov-el]
 + lag    v.落后，滞留    [lag]
 - languid    a.没精打采的，倦怠的    [lan-guid]
 - languor    n.身心疲惫    [lan-guor]
 + leisureliness    n.悠然，从容    [lei-sure-li-ness]
 - limp    v.跛行；a.软弱的，松软的    [limp]
 - linger    v.逗留，留恋    [lin-ger]
 - lumber    v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材    [lum-ber]
 - mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 - piano    a.(音乐)轻柔的    [pi-a-no]
 - plod    v.重步走；吃力地干    [plod]
 - retard    v.妨碍；减速    [re-tard]
 - saunter    n./v.闲逛，漫步    [saun-ter]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - slacken    v.(使)松弛，放松    [slack-en]
 - slither    v.(蛇)滑动，扭动前进    [slith-er]
 - slouch    n.没精打采的样子；v.没精打采地坐(站、走)    [slouch]
 + sluggard    n.懒鬼    [slug-gard]
 - tardy    a.缓慢的，迟缓的    [tar-dy]
 - trudge    v.跋涉    [trudge]
 + waddle    v.(鸭子等)摇摇摆摆地走    [wad-dle]

*** 3. Motion Conjoined with Force

***** impulse 276

 - baste    v.倒油脂于(烤肉上，以防烤干)    [baste]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - belabor    v.过分冗长地做或说；痛打    [be-la-bor]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 - brunt    n.主要冲击力或影响    [brunt]
 - butt    v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂    [butt]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 - clash    v.冲突，撞击    [clash]
 - clip    n.夹子，别针；v.修剪    [clip]
 - clout    n.用手猛击；权力，影响力    [clout]
 - collision    n.碰撞，冲突    [col-li-sion]
 + concussion    n.脑震荡；强烈震动    [con-cus-sion]
 + dynamic    a.动态的；有活力的    [dy-nam-ic]
 - elbow    n.肘    [el-bow]
 - encounter    v.遭遇    [en-coun-ter]
 + flail    n.连枷(打谷工具)；v.打，打击    [flail]
 + foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - impact    n.冲击，影响    [im-pact]
 - impel    v.推进；驱使    [im-pel]
 + impetus    n.推动力；刺激    [im-pe-tus]
 + impinge    v.侵犯；撞击    [im-pinge]
 + impulse    n.冲动；刺激    [im-pulse]
 + impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 + jolt    v.颠簸着移动；n.震动，摇晃    [jolt]
 + maul    v.撕裂皮肉，伤害    [maul]
 + momentum    n.推进力，势头    [mo-men-tum]
 - poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 + prod    v.刺，捅；激励    [prod]
 + propulsion    n.推进力    [pro-pul-sion]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 + ram    n.公羊；撞锤，猛击；填塞    [ram]
 - shoulder    n.肩；路肩    [shoul-der]
 + shove    v.推挤，猛推    [shove]
 - squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 + stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 - tamp    v.捣实，砸实    [tamp]
 + thrust    v.猛力推；刺，戳    [thrust]

***** recoil 277

 - reactionary    a.保守的，反动的    [re-ac-tion-ar-y]
 + rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 + recalcitrant    a.顽抗的    [re-cal-ci-trant]
 - recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 + repercussion    n.反响；影响；回声    [re-per-cus-sion]
 + repulse    v.驱逐，击退；厌恶；n.驱逐，击退，厌恶    [re-pulse]
 + reverberate    v.起回声，反响    [re-ver-ber-ate]

*** 4. Motion with Reference to Direction

***** direction 278

 - bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 - conduct    n.品德，行为；v.领导，引导    [con-duct]
 + diagonal    a.对角的；n.对角线    [di-ag-o-nal]
 + incidence    n.事情发生；发生率    [in-ci-dence]
 + straightforward    a.正直的；易懂的；直截了当的    [straight-for-ward]
 - tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]
 - trend    v./n.趋势，倾向    [trend]

***** deviation 279

 - aberrant    a.越轨的；异常的    [ab-er-rant]
 - aberration    n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形    [ab-er-ra-tion]
 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + circuitous    a.迂回的，绕圈子的    [cir-cu-i-tous]
 - crook    v.使弯曲；n.钩状物    [crook]
 - deflect    v.偏离，转向    [de-flect]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 - detour    n.弯路；绕行之路    [de-tour]
 - deviant    a.越出常规的    [de-vi-ant]
 - deviate    v.越轨，脱离    [de-vi-ate]
 - deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 - devious    a.不正直的；弯曲的    [de-vi-ous]
 + digress    v.离题    [di-gress]
 + digression    n.离题，题外话    [di-gres-sion]
 - discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 - diverge    v.分歧，分开    [di-verge]
 + divert    v.使某事物转向；使娱乐    [di-vert]
 - dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - erratic    a.反复无常的；古怪的    [er-rat-ic]
 + excursive    a.离题的，随意的    [ex-cur-sive]
 - meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 - mutate    v.变异    [mu-tate]
 - ramble    n./v.漫步    [ram-ble]
 + refraction    n.折射    [re-frac-tion]
 - shunt    v.使(火车)转到另一轨道，转移方向    [shunt]
 - skew    a.不直的，歪斜的    [skew]
 - slew    v.(使)旋转；n.大量    [slew]
 - stray    v.偏离，迷路；a.迷了路的；零落的    [stray]
 - swerve    v.突然改变方向    [swerve]
 - trend    v./n.趋势，倾向    [trend]
 + undirected    a.未受指导的    [un-di-rect-ed]
 - vagrancy    n.游荡，流浪    [va-gran-cy]
 - vagrant    a.漂泊的；n.流浪汉，无赖    [va-grant]
 - veer    v.转向，改变(话题等)    [veer]
 - waddle    v.(鸭子等)摇摇摆摆地走    [wad-dle]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]
 - zigzag    n./a.之字形(的)；v.弯弯曲曲地行进    [zig-zag]

***** precession 280

 - outstrip    v.超过；跑过    [out-strip]
 - precede    v.在…之前，早于    [pre-cede]
 - precursor    n.先驱，先兆    [pre-cur-sor]
 - priority    n.在先，居前；优先权    [pri-or-i-ty]

***** sequence 281

 - beset    v.镶嵌；困扰    [be-set]
 - pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]
 - subsequent    a.随后的，后来的，连续的    [sub-se-quent]

***** progression 282

 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - headway    n.进步，进展    [head-way]
 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - wag    v.(狗尾巴等)摆动；n.诙谐幽默者    [wag]

***** regression 283

 + balk    n.大方木料；v.妨碍；(因困难等)不愿前进或从事某事    [balk]
 - deterioration    n.恶化，堕落    [de-te-ri-o-ra-tion]
 - ebb    v.退潮；衰退    [ebb]
 - reactionary    a.保守的，反动的    [re-ac-tion-ar-y]
 + recede    v.后退，收回(诺言)    [re-cede]
 - recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 + recession    n.经济萧条时期；撤回，退回    [re-ces-sion]
 - recessive    a.隐性遗传的；后退的    [re-ces-sive]
 - regress    v.使倒退，复原，逆行    [re-gress]
 - regressive    a.退步的，退化的    [re-gres-sive]
 - relapse    n.旧病复发；再恶化；v.旧病复发，再恶化    [re-lapse]
 + resilient    a.有弹性的；能恢复活力的，适应力强的    [re-sil-i-ent]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - revert    v.恢复，回复到；重新考虑    [re-vert]
 + setback    n.挫折    [setback]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 + throwback    n.返祖现象，复旧    [throw-back]
 - withdraw    v.撤退，收回；隐居    [with-draw]

***** propulsion 284

 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - dart    n.飞镖；v.急驰；投射    [dart]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 + expel    v.排出；开除    [ex-pel]
 + flirt    v.挑逗，调戏    [flirt]
 - fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 + hurl    v.猛投；大声叫骂    [hurl]
 - impel    v.推进；驱使    [im-pel]
 - jerk    n./v.突然猛拉    [jerk]
 - lance    n.长矛；鱼叉    [lance]
 + missile    n.发射物；导弹    [mis-sile]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 + projectile    n.抛射物，发射体    [pro-jec-tile]
 - projection    n.凸出物    [pro-jec-tion]
 - propel    v.推进    [pro-pel]
 + propeller    n.螺旋桨；推进器    [pro-pel-ler]
 - propulsion    n.推进力    [pro-pul-sion]
 + release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 - shove    v.推挤，猛推    [shove]
 - tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]
 - toss    v.投，掷；使摇动    [toss]

***** traction 285

 - jerk    n./v.突然猛拉    [jerk]
 + lug    v./n.拖，拉    [lug]
 - wrench    v.扭，拧；n.板钳，扳手    [wrench]

***** approach 286

 + access    n.通路；途径    [ac-cess]
 - advent    n.到来，来临    [ad-vent]
 + affluent    a.富裕的，丰富的    [af-flu-ent]
 - approach    v.接近，靠近；着手处理；n.方法    [ap-proach]
 - approximate    a.大约的，估计的    [ap-prox-i-mate]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - imminent    a.即将发生的，逼近的    [im-mi-nent]
 - impending    a.行将发生的，逼近的    [im-pend-ing]
 - pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]

***** recession 287

 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - recede    v.后退，收回(诺言)    [re-cede]
 - recession    n.经济萧条时期；撤回，退回    [re-ces-sion]
 - recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 - shunt    v.使(火车)转到另一轨道，转移方向    [shunt]
 - withdraw    v.撤退，收回；隐居    [with-draw]

***** attraction 288

 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 + static    a.静态的，呆板的    [stat-ic]

***** repulsion 289

 - chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 - dispel    v.驱散，消除    [dis-pel]
 + repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 + repellent    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pel-lent]
 - repulse    v.驱逐，击退；厌恶；n.驱逐，击退，厌恶    [re-pulse]
 + repulsion    n.厌恶，反感；排斥力    [re-pul-sion]

***** convergence 290

 - concentrate    v.集中，浓缩    [con-cen-trate]
 - concur    v.意见相同，一致    [con-cur]
 - converge    v.会聚，集中于一点    [con-verge]
 + convergent    a.会聚的    [con-ver-gent]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]

***** divergence 291

 - aberrant    a.越轨的；异常的    [ab-er-rant]
 - aberration    n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形    [ab-er-ra-tion]
 - deviate    v.越轨，脱离    [de-vi-ate]
 - deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 - disperse    v.消散，驱散    [dis-perse]
 - diverge    v.分歧，分开    [di-verge]
 - divergent    a.分叉的，岔开的，背道而驰的    [di-ver-gent]
 - ramify    v.分支，分叉    [ram-i-fy]
 - scatter    v.散开，驱散    [scat-ter]

***** arrival 292

 - advent    n.到来，来临    [ad-vent]
 + attain    v.达到，实现    [at-tain]
 + debark    v.下船，下飞机，下车，卸载    [de-bark]
 - encounter    v.遭遇    [en-coun-ter]
 + hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 - harbor    n.港，避难所；v.包庇，隐匿    [har-bor]
 - haven    n.安息所，避难所    [ha-ven]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - terminal    a.末端的；n.终点站，终端    [ter-mi-nal]
 - terminus    n.(火车，汽车)终点站    [ter-mi-nus]

***** departure 293

 + abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 + abscond    v.潜逃，逃亡    [ab-scond]
 + debouch    v.流出，进入(开阔地区)    [de-bouch]
 + evacuate    v.撤退；撤离    [e-vac-u-ate]
 + exodus    n.大批离去，成群外出    [ex-o-dus]
 + farewell    interj.再会，再见；n.辞行，告别    [fare-well]
 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - outset    n.开始，开头    [out-set]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 + valediction    n.告别演说    [val-e-dic-tion]
 + valedictory    a.告别的，离别的    [val-e-dic-to-ry]
 - withdraw    v.撤退，收回；隐居    [with-draw]

***** ingress 294

 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 + conduit    n.渠道，引水道；水管    [con-duit]
 - entrance    v.使出神，使入迷    [en-trance]
 - entry    n.条目；登录；报关手续；入口    [en-try]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 - infiltrate    v.渗透，渗入    [in-fil-trate]
 + influx    n.注入，涌入    [in-flux]
 + inroad    n.突袭；消耗    [in-road]
 - insert    v.插入    [in-sert]
 - intrude    v.把(思想等)强加于，闯入    [in-trude]
 + invade    v.侵犯，侵入    [in-vade]
 + penetrate    v.刺穿；渗入；了解    [pen-e-trate]

***** egress 295

 - conduit    n.渠道，引水道；水管    [con-duit]
 - debouch    v.流出，进入(开阔地区)    [de-bouch]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 + distill    v.蒸馏    [dis-till]
 + drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 + drainage    n.排水；污水    [drain-age]
 + egress    n.出去，出口    [e-gress]
 + emanate    v.散发，发出，发源    [em-a-nate]
 + escapism    n.逃避现实(的习气)    [es-cap-ism]
 - evacuate    v.撤退；撤离    [e-vac-u-ate]
 - exodus    n.大批离去，成群外出    [ex-o-dus]
 + exude    v.使慢慢流出；四溢    [ex-ude]
 - filter    n.滤纸；v.过滤    [fil-ter]
 - floodgate    n.(水闸的)闸门    [flood-gate]
 + gush    v.涌出；滔滔不绝地说    [gush]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - leak    v.泄漏；n.泄漏；漏出量，漏洞    [leak]
 + leakage    n.渗漏，漏出    [leak-age]
 + outgoing    a.友善的；即将离去的    [out-go-ing]
 - outlet    n.出口    [out-let]
 + perspire    v.流汗    [per-spire]
 - pore    n.毛孔，气孔    [pore]
 + seep    v.(液体等)渗漏    [seep]
 - sluice    n.水门，水闸；v.冲洗    [sluice]
 + trickle    v.一滴滴地流；n.细流    [trick-le]
 - vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]

***** reception 296

 - absorb    v.吸收；同化；吸引…的注意    [ab-sorb]
 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 - engulf    v.吞噬    [en-gulf]
 + gulp    v.吞食，咽下    [gulp]
 + imbibe    v.饮；吸入    [im-bibe]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 + ingest    v.咽下，吞下    [in-gest]
 + ingestion    n.摄取，吸收；容纳    [in-ges-tion]
 + inhale    v.吸气    [in-hale]
 - interjection    n.插入语；感叹词    [in-ter-jec-tion]
 - pancreas    n.胰腺    [pan-cre-as]
 + slurp    v.大声地啜喝    [slurp]
 + swallow    v.吞下，咽下；忍受    [swal-low]

***** ejection 297

 - abnegate    v.否认，放弃    [ab-ne-gate]
 - bale    n.大包裹；灾祸，不幸    [bale]
 - banish    v.放逐某人    [ban-ish]
 + boycott    v.抵制(贸易)    [boy-cott]
 - broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 + demote    v.降级，降职    [de-mote]
 + deplete    v.倒空；耗尽    [de-plete]
 + deport    v.(将外国人、罪犯等)驱逐出境    [de-port]
 - deportation    n.驱逐出境    [de-por-ta-tion]
 + deracinate    v.根除，杜绝    [de-rac-in-ate]
 + discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 + disgorge    v.呕出；(水)流走    [dis-gorge]
 - dislodge    v.逐出，取出    [dis-lodge]
 + dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 - drainage    n.排水；污水    [drain-age]
 + drivel    n./v.说废话    [driv-el]
 - eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 + emit    v.放射(光、热、味等)    [e-mit]
 + erupt    v.爆发；喷出(熔岩、水、气体、泥浆等)    [e-rupt]
 + evict    v.(依法)驱逐    [e-vict]
 + eviction    n.(对房客或佃户的)驱逐    [e-vic-tion]
 + excrete    v.排泄，分泌    [ex-crete]
 + exhale    v.呼出(气)    [ex-hale]
 - expel    v.排出；开除    [ex-pel]
 + expend    v.花费；用光    [ex-pend]
 + hawk    n.隼，鹰    [hawk]
 + oust    v.驱逐；把…赶走    [oust]
 - perspire    v.流汗    [per-spire]
 + purge    v.清洗，洗涤    [purge]
 - relegate    v.降级，贬谪    [rel-e-gate]
 + secrete    v.隐藏；分泌    [se-crete]
 - shed    v.流出(眼泪等)；脱落(叶子)    [shed]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 + unearth    v.挖出；发现    [un-earth]
 - void    a.空的，缺乏的；n.空隙，空处；空虚感    [void]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]

***** food 298

 + alimentary    a.饮食的，营养的    [al-i-men-ta-ry]
 + appetizer    n.开胃品    [ap-pe-tiz-er]
 + bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 + banquet    n.宴会，盛宴    [ban-quet]
 + barbecue    n.烤肉架；烤肉    [bar-be-cue]
 + beverage    n.饮料    [bev-er-age]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 + carnivorous    a.肉食动物的    [car-niv-o-rous]
 + carouse    n.狂饮寻乐    [ca-rouse]
 + cereal    n.谷类；谷类食品    [ce-re-al]
 + clam    n.蛤蜊，蛤肉；守秘密之人    [clam]
 + cuisine    n.烹饪    [cui-sine]
 + culinary    a.厨房的；烹调的    [cu-li-nar-y]
 + dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - devour    v.吞食；贪婪地享受    [de-vour]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 + drench    v.使湿透    [drench]
 + flip    v.用指轻弹；蹦跳；a.无礼的    [flip]
 - foodstuff    n.食料，食品    [food-stuff]
 + forage    n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻    [for-age]
 + gnaw    v.啃，咬    [gnaw]
 - graze    v.(动物)吃(地上长的)草；放牧    [graze]
 - gulp    v.吞食，咽下    [gulp]
 + herbivorous    a.食草的    [her-biv-o-rous]
 - lap    v.舔食；泼溅    [lap]
 + masticate    v.咀嚼；把…磨成浆    [mas-ti-cate]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 - mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 - morsel    n.一小块(食物)；小量    [mor-sel]
 + mumble    v.咕哝，含糊不清地说    [mum-ble]
 + nibble    v.一点点地咬，慢慢啃    [nib-ble]
 - nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 + nurture    v.抚育，给…营养物，教养；n.养育，营养物；(总称)环境因素    [nur-ture]
 + nutrient    n.滋养物质    [nu-tri-ent]
 + omelet    n.煎蛋卷    [om-e-let]
 + pastry    n.糕点，点心    [pas-try]
 - peck    v.啄食；轻啄    [peck]
 + potable    a.适于饮用的    [po-ta-ble]
 + potation    n.畅饮；饮料    [po-ta-tion]
 + prey    n.被捕食的动物    [prey]
 + provender    n.(牛马吃的)草料，粮秣    [prov-en-der]
 + provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 + purvey    v.(大量)供给，供应    [pur-vey]
 + quaff    v.痛饮，畅饮    [quaff]
 + ration    n.定量配给；v.配给    [ra-tion]
 + regale    v.款待；使…享受    [re-gale]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 - sip    v.啜饮    [sip]
 - slurp    v.大声地啜喝    [slurp]
 - sop    n.泡过的食品；安慰品    [sop]
 - subsistence    n.生存，生计；存在    [sub-sist-ence]
 + sustenance    n.食物，粮食；生计    [sus-te-nance]
 - swallow    v.吞下，咽下；忍受    [swal-low]
 + swill    v.冲洗；痛饮    [swill]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 + vanilla    n.香草，香子兰    [va-nil-la]
 - waffle    n.蛋奶烘饼；v.胡扯，唠叨    [waf-fle]
 - whet    v.磨快；刺激    [whet]

***** excretion 299

 + catharsis    n.宣泄，净化    [ca-thar-sis]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - emanate    v.散发，发出，发源    [em-a-nate]
 - excrete    v.排泄，分泌    [ex-crete]
 + hemorrhage    n.出血(尤指大出血)    [hem-or-rhage]
 + lava    n.熔岩    [la-va]
 + saliva    n.唾液，口水    [sa-li-va]

***** insertion 300

 - bud    n.芽；花蕾    [bud]
 - graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 - imbue    v.灌输(某人)强烈的情感或意见    [im-bue]
 + immerse    v.浸入；沉浸于    [im-merse]
 - impact    n.冲击，影响    [im-pact]
 + implant    v.注入；灌输    [im-plant]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 - infuse    v.灌输；鼓励    [in-fuse]
 + injection    n.注射；注射剂    [in-jec-tion]
 + inoculate    v.预防注射    [in-oc-u-late]
 - insert    v.插入    [in-sert]
 - instill    v.滴注；逐渐灌输    [in-still]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 + soak    v.浸泡，渗透    [soak]

***** extraction 301

 - deracinate    v.根除，杜绝    [de-rac-in-ate]
 - elicit    v.引出，探出    [e-lic-it]
 - eliminate    v.除去，淘汰    [e-lim-i-nate]
 - eradicate    v.根除；扑灭    [e-rad-i-cate]
 - evolve    v.使逐渐形成，进化    [e-volve]
 - extirpation    n.根除，铲除    [ex-tir-pa-tion]
 + extort    v.强索，敲诈    [ex-tort]
 + extract    v.拔出；强索    [ex-tract]
 + extricate    v.拯救，救出    [ex-tri-cate]
 + pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]
 - wrench    v.扭，拧；n.板钳，扳手    [wrench]

***** passage 302

 - conduit    n.渠道，引水道；水管    [con-duit]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - egress    n.出去，出口    [e-gress]
 + ford    n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水    [ford]
 - odyssey    n.长途的冒险旅行    [odyssey]
 - penetrate    v.刺穿；渗入；了解    [pen-e-trate]
 - perforate    v.打洞    [per-fo-rate]
 - permeate    v.扩散；渗透    [per-me-ate]
 - thread    n.螺纹    [thread]
 - transmit    v.传送，传播    [trans-mit]
 - traverse    v.横穿过，横跨    [trav-erse]

***** transcursion 303

 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + encroach    v.侵占，蚕食    [en-croach]
 - exceed    v.超过；超出    [ex-ceed]
 + infringe    v.违反，侵害    [in-fringe]
 - outstrip    v.超过；跑过    [out-strip]
 - overlap    v.(部分地)重叠    [o-ver-lap]
 + overreach    v.做事过头    [o-ver-reach]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - redundancy    n.过剩；备份；似乎多余其实重要的后备力量    [re-dun-dan-cy]
 - soar    v.高飞，翱翔；猛增    [soar]
 - surmount    v.克服，战胜    [sur-mount]
 - surpass    v.超过    [sur-pass]
 - transcend    v.超越，胜过    [tran-scend]
 + transgress    v.冒犯，违背    [trans-gress]
 + transgression    n.违法，罪过    [trans-gres-sion]
 + trespass    v.侵犯，闯入私人领地    [tres-pass]

***** shortcoming 304

 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 + default    v./n.拖债；未履行的责任    [de-fault]
 - implode    v.内爆；剧减    [im-plode]
 - perfunctory    a.草率的，敷衍的    [per-func-to-ry]
 - want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]

***** ascent 305

 + aspire    v.向往，有志于    [as-pire]
 + buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 + elevate    v.将…举起    [el-e-vate]
 - hover    v.翱翔；(人)徘徊    [hov-er]
 - lark    n./v.玩乐，嬉耍    [lark]
 - plane    n.刨子；平面；v.刨    [plane]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - soar    v.高飞，翱翔；猛增    [soar]
 - spire    n.(教堂)尖顶    [spire]
 - surge    v.波涛汹涌，波动    [surge]
 - surmount    v.克服，战胜    [sur-mount]
 + upgrade    v.提升，给…升级    [up-grade]

***** descent 306

 + avalanche    n.雪崩    [av-a-lanche]
 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - debacle    n.解冻；崩溃    [de-ba-cle]
 - deciduous    a.非永久的；短暂的；脱落的；落叶的    [de-cid-u-ous]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - descend    v.下来，下降    [de-scend]
 - descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 + droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 + landslide    n.山崩；压倒性胜利    [land-slide]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - lurch    n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行    [lurch]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - plummet    v.垂直或突然坠下    [plum-met]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + slippage    n.滑动，下降    [slip-page]
 - tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]
 - topple    v.倾覆，推倒    [top-ple]

***** elevation 307

 + buoy    n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励    [bu-oy]
 - elevate    v.将…举起    [el-e-vate]
 - erect    a.竖立的，笔直的，直立的    [e-rect]
 + escalate    v.(战争等)升级；扩大，上升    [es-ca-late]
 + escalation    n.逐步上升，逐步增强    [es-ca-la-tion]
 - exalt    v.(高度)赞扬，歌颂    [ex-alt]
 + exaltation    n.(成功带来的)得意，高兴    [ex-al-ta-tion]
 + hoist    v.吊高，升起；n.起重机    [hoist]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - lever    n.杠杆；v.撬动    [lev-er]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 + stilted    a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的    [stilt-ed]
 + upheaval    n.动乱，大变动    [up-heav-al]

***** depression 308

 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + cower    v.畏缩，蜷缩    [cow-er]
 - crouch    v.蹲伏，弯腰    [crouch]
 + debase    v.贬低，贬损    [de-base]
 - depressed    a.消沉的；凹陷的    [de-pressed]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 + obeisance    n.鞠躬，敬礼    [o-bei-sance]
 - overthrow    v./n.推翻；终止    [o-ver-throw]
 - overturn    v.翻倒；推翻    [o-ver-turn]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - precipitation    n.降水(量)    [pre-cip-i-ta-tion]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - raze    v.彻底破坏    [raze]
 - squat    v.蹲下；a.矮胖的    [squat]
 - subvert    v.颠覆，推翻    [sub-vert]

***** leap 309

 + buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 + cavort    v.腾越，欢跃    [ca-vort]
 + frisky    a.活泼的，快活的    [frisk-y]
 + kangaroo    n.袋鼠    [kan-ga-roo]
 + salmon    n.大麻哈鱼；鲜肉色    [salm-on]
 - vault    n.拱顶；地窖    [vault]

***** plunge 310

 + diver    n.潜水员    [div-er]
 + douse    v.把…浸入水中；熄灭    [douse]
 - engulf    v.吞噬    [en-gulf]
 - founder    v.(船)沉没；(计划)失败    [found-er]
 - immerse    v.浸入；沉浸于    [im-merse]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 + welter    n.混乱，杂乱无章    [wel-ter]

***** circuition 311

 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 - circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 - circuitous    a.迂回的，绕圈子的    [cir-cu-i-tous]
 + circulate    v.循环；流通；发行    [cir-cu-late]
 + circulation    n.循环，流通；发行额    [cir-cu-la-tion]
 - circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 - excursion    n.短途旅游    [ex-cur-sion]
 - meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 - wrench    v.扭，拧；n.板钳，扳手    [wrench]

***** rotation 312

 + augur    n.占卜师；v.占卜    [au-gur]
 - axis    n.轴(常为虚构之线，如地球轴)    [ax-is]
 - axle    n.轮轴(连接两个车轮的轴)    [ax-le]
 - circulate    v.循环；流通；发行    [cir-cu-late]
 - circulation    n.循环，流通；发行额    [cir-cu-la-tion]
 + cyclone    n.气旋，飓风    [cy-clone]
 - drill    n.钻；钻床    [drill]
 + eddy    n.漩涡，涡流    [ed-dy]
 - gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 + gyrate    a.旋转的；v.旋转    [gy-rate]
 - hinge    n.铰链；关键    [hinge]
 - hub    n.轴心；中心    [hub]
 - pirouette    n./v.(舞蹈)脚尖立地的旋转    [pir-ou-ette]
 + rotate    v.旋转，转动；轮流，交替    [ro-tate]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 - spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]
 - surge    v.波涛汹涌，波动    [surge]
 + tire    n.轮胎(tyre)；v.疲劳    [tire]
 + tornado    n.飓风，龙卷风    [tor-na-do]
 + vertigo    n.眩晕    [ver-ti-go]
 - welter    n.混乱，杂乱无章    [wel-ter]
 + whirlpool    n.漩涡    [whirl-pool]

***** evolution 313

 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 - evolve    v.使逐渐形成，进化    [e-volve]
 - unfold    v.展开，打开；逐渐呈现    [un-fold]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]

***** oscillation 314

 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + brandish    v.(威胁性地)挥舞    [bran-dish]
 - dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 + flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - fluctuate    v.波动；变化    [fluc-tu-ate]
 + jazz    n.爵士乐；喧闹    [jazz]
 - lurch    n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行    [lurch]
 - oscillate    v.摆动；犹豫    [os-cil-late]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - pulse    v.搏动，跳动；n.脉搏；脉冲    [pulse]
 + quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 + ragtime    n.拉格泰姆音乐；a.使人发笑的，滑稽的    [rag-time]
 + reel    n.卷轴，旋转；v.卷…于轴上    [reel]
 - rhythmic    a.有节奏的    [rhyth-mic]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 - teeter    v.摇摆，踌躇    [tee-ter]
 - toss    v.投，掷；使摇动    [toss]
 - totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]
 - vacillate    v.游移不定，踌躇    [vac-il-late]
 - vibrancy    n.生机勃勃，活泼    [vi-bran-cy]
 + vibrate    v.颤动，振动    [vi-brate]
 - wag    v.(狗尾巴等)摆动；n.诙谐幽默者    [wag]
 + wobble    v.动摇；犹豫    [wob-ble]
 - zigzag    n./a.之字形(的)；v.弯弯曲曲地行进    [zig-zag]

***** agitation 315

 + agitate    v.搅动，煽动；使不安，使焦虑    [ag-i-tate]
 - agitated    a.被鼓动的；不安的    [ag-i-tat-ed]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + bicker    v.为小事争吵    [bick-er]
 - brandish    v.(威胁性地)挥舞    [bran-dish]
 - chaos    n.混乱    [cha-os]
 + commotion    n.骚动，动乱    [com-mo-tion]
 - convulse    v.使震动，震惊    [con-vulse]
 - convulsion    n.骚动；痉挛    [con-vul-sion]
 - desultory    a.不连贯的，散漫的    [des-ul-to-ry]
 + ebullience    n.兴冲冲，亢奋    [e-bul-lience]
 - effervesce    v.冒泡；热情洋溢    [ef-fer-vesce]
 + enzyme    n.酵素，酶    [en-zyme]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - fermentation    n.发酵    [fer-men-ta-tion]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 + fuss    n.大惊小怪    [fuss]
 - jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 - jerk    n./v.突然猛拉    [jerk]
 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 - jolt    v.颠簸着移动；n.震动，摇晃    [jolt]
 + maelstrom    n.大漩涡；大混乱    [mael-strom]
 + palpitate    v.(心脏)急速而不规则地跳动    [pal-pi-tate]
 - quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 + redistribution    n.重新分配    [re-dis-tri-bu-tion]
 - reel    n.卷轴，旋转；v.卷…于轴上    [reel]
 - restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 - ripple    v.起涟漪；n.细浪，涟漪    [rip-ple]
 - stir    v.刺激    [stir]
 - sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]
 + swirl    v.旋转；n.漩    [swirl]
 - tempest    n.暴风雨；骚动    [tem-pest]
 - toss    v.投，掷；使摇动    [toss]
 - totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]
 + tremor    n.震动，地震    [trem-or]
 + trepidation    n.恐惧，惶恐    [trep-i-da-tion]
 - tumult    n.乱哄哄    [tu-mult]
 - turmoil    n.混乱，骚乱    [tur-moil]
 - wag    v.(狗尾巴等)摆动；n.诙谐幽默者    [wag]
 - whirlpool    n.漩涡    [whirl-pool]
 + wield    v.支配，掌权    [wield]
 - wobble    v.动摇；犹豫    [wob-ble]

* Class III. Words Relating to Matter

** Section I. Matter in General

***** materiality 316

 - corporeal    a.肉体的，身体的；物质的    [cor-po-re-al]
 + mechanics    n.力学    [me-chan-ics]
 - objective    a.客观的；n.目标    [ob-jec-tive]
 + palpable    a.可触知的，明显的    [pal-pa-ble]
 + ponderable    a.可估量的    [pon-der-a-ble]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 + sensible    a.明智的；可感觉到的    [sen-si-ble]
 + somatic    a.肉体的    [so-mat-ic]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - substantial    a.坚固的，结实的；实质的    [sub-stan-tial]
 - tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]

***** immateriality 317

 + disembodied    a.无实体的，空洞的    [dis-em-bod-ied]
 - incorporate    v.合并，并入    [in-cor-po-rate]
 + intangibility    n.无形，不可接触    [in-tan-gi-bil-i-ty]
 + spiritual    a.精神的    [spir-it-u-al]
 - subjective    a.主观的，想象的    [sub-jec-tive]
 + unearthly    a.奇异的    [un-earth-ly]

***** world 318

 - asteroid    n.小行星    [as-ter-oid]
 - astronomical    a.庞大的    [as-tro-nom-i-cal]
 + celestial    a.天体的，天上的    [ce-les-ti-al]
 + constellation    n.星座，星群    [con-stel-la-tion]
 + cosmic    a.宇宙的    [cos-mic]
 + cosmos    n.宇宙    [cos-mos]
 + earthly    a.现世的，尘世的    [earth-ly]
 + empyreal    a.天空的    [em-pyr-e-al]
 - equator    n.赤道    [e-qua-tor]
 - galaxy    n.(银河)星群；显赫的人群    [gal-ax-y]
 + lunar    a.月亮的    [lu-nar]
 + mundane    a.现世的，世俗的    [mun-dane]
 + observatory    n.天文台    [ob-ser-va-to-ry]
 + planet    n.行星    [plan-et]
 + sidereal    a.恒星的    [si-de-re-al]
 + stellar    a.星的，星球的    [stel-lar]
 + terrestrial    a.地球的；陆地的    [ter-res-tri-al]

***** gravity 319

 + acorn    n.橡子，橡果    [a-corn]
 - ballast    n.(船等)压舱物    [bal-last]
 - beam    n.(房屋等)大梁；光线    [beam]
 + cumbersome    a.笨重的    [cum-ber-some]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 - incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 - lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 - massive    a.巨大的，厚重的    [mas-sive]
 - poise    v.使相等，使平衡；n.泰然自若，镇定    [poise]
 - ponderable    a.可估量的    [pon-der-a-ble]
 + ponderous    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [pon-der-ous]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 + trapeze    n.空中秋千    [tra-peze]
 - unwieldy    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [un-wield-y]

***** levity 320

 - balloon    n.气球；v.快速增加    [bal-loon]
 - buoy    n.浮标；救生圈；v.支持，鼓励    [bu-oy]
 - buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 - down    n.绒毛；汗毛    [down]
 - ethereal    a.太空；轻巧的    [e-the-re-al]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - gossamer    n.蛛丝；薄纱；a.轻而薄的    [gos-sa-mer]
 + imponderable    a.(重量等)无法衡量的    [im-pon-der-a-ble]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 + levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 - mote    n.微粒，微尘    [mote]
 + thermal    a.热的，热量的；温暖的n.热气流    [ther-mal]
 + volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]
 + yeast    n.酵母；兴奋    [yeast]

** Section II. Inorganic Matter

*** 1. Solid Matter

***** density 321

 + clot    n.凝块；v.使凝结成块    [clot]
 + coagulate    v.使凝结    [co-ag-u-late]
 + coagulation    n.凝固    [co-ag-u-la-tion]
 - coherent    a.连贯的，一致的    [co-her-ent]
 + cohesion    n.内聚力；凝聚力    [co-he-sion]
 - cohesive    a.凝聚的    [co-he-sive]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 - compress    v.压缩，浓缩    [com-press]
 - concrete    a.具体存在的；n.混凝土    [con-crete]
 - condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 + congeal    v.冻结，凝固    [con-geal]
 - conglomerate    v.集聚成团    [con-glom-er-ate]
 - consolidate    v.巩固；(使)坚强；合并    [con-sol-i-date]
 - consolidation    n.合并，巩固    [con-sol-i-da-tion]
 + curdle    v.使凝结，变稠    [cur-dle]
 - gnarled    a.(树木)多节的；粗糙的    [gnarled]
 + gristle    n.软骨；肉中难吃的硬组织    [gris-tle]
 - impenetrable    a.不能穿透的；不可理解的    [im-pen-e-tra-ble]
 - impermeability    n.不能渗透    [im-per-me-a-bil-i-ty]
 - impermeable    a.不可渗透的，透不过的    [im-per-me-a-ble]
 + insoluble    a.不溶解的；不能解决的    [in-sol-u-ble]
 + knotty    a.有节疤的    [knot-ty]
 + limestone    n.石灰岩    [lime-stone]
 - lump    n.一块，肿块；v.形成块状    [lump]
 - massive    a.巨大的，厚重的    [mas-sive]
 + nonporous    a.无孔的，不渗透的    [non-po-rous]
 - nova    n.新星    [no-va]
 + packed    a.充满人的，拥挤的    [packed]
 + petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - precipitation    n.降水(量)    [pre-cip-i-ta-tion]
 - serried    a.密集的    [ser-ried]
 + solidify    v.巩固，(使)凝固，(使)团结    [so-lid-i-fy]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 + stuffy    a.(空气)不新鲜的，闷气的    [stuff-y]
 - substantial    a.坚固的，结实的；实质的    [sub-stan-tial]
 - supernova    n.超新星    [su-per-no-va]

***** rarity 322

 - dilate    v.(身体某部位)张大，扩大    [di-late]
 - expand    v.扩大，膨胀    [ex-pand]
 - flimsy    a.轻而薄的；脆弱的    [flim-sy]
 - intangibility    n.无形，不可接触    [in-tan-gi-bil-i-ty]
 - rarefaction    n.稀薄    [rar-e-fac-tion]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 - spongy    a.像海绵的；不坚实的    [spon-gy]
 - svelte    a.(女人)体态苗条的    [svelte]
 + tenuous    a.细薄的，稀薄的；空洞的    [ten-u-ous]
 + vaporization    n.蒸发    [va-por-i-za-tion]

***** hardness 323

 - adamant    a.强硬的；固执的    [ad-a-mant]
 + carbohydrate    n.碳水化合物    [car-bo-hy-drate]
 - cement    n.水泥；胶粘剂；v.粘合，巩固    [ce-ment]
 - concrete    a.具体存在的；n.混凝土    [con-crete]
 + flint    n.打火石，燧石    [flint]
 + granite    n.花岗石    [gran-ite]
 - harden    v.变硬，变坚强    [hard-en]
 + indurate    v.使坚硬；使习惯于    [in-du-rate]
 + intransigent    a.不妥协的    [in-tran-si-gent]
 - limestone    n.石灰岩    [lime-stone]
 - marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]
 + osseous    a.骨的，多骨的    [os-se-ous]
 + ossify    v.硬化，骨化；使(传统)僵化    [os-si-fy]
 - petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - rigid    a.硬性的，刚硬的    [rig-id]
 + starchy    a.含淀粉的；刻板的    [starch-y]
 - stark    a.(外表)僵硬的；完全的    [stark]
 + stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - tined    a.尖端的    [tined]
 + vitrify    v.使成玻璃    [vit-ri-fy]

***** softness 324

 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + clay    n.黏土    [clay]
 - cushion    n.坐垫；v.缓冲    [cush-ion]
 - down    n.绒毛；汗毛    [down]
 - flaccid    a.松弛的；软弱的    [flac-cid]
 + flexible    a.易弯曲的，灵活的    [flex-i-ble]
 - flimsy    a.轻而薄的；脆弱的    [flim-sy]
 + foolproof    a.容易懂的，简易而不会误用的    [fool-proof]
 + inelasticity    n.无弹性，无伸缩性    [in-e-las-tic-i-ty]
 - knead    v.揉制，捏制    [knead]
 - limber    a.易弯曲的；敏捷的    [lim-ber]
 - limp    v.跛行；a.软弱的，松软的    [limp]
 + lissome    a.姿态优雅的，柔软的    [lis-some]
 + lithe    a.柔软的，易弯曲的；敏捷的，轻快的    [lithe]
 + malleable    a.可塑的，易改变的    [mal-le-a-ble]
 - mash    v.捣成糊状    [mash]
 - mollify    v.安慰，安抚    [mol-li-fy]
 + other-directed    a.受人支配的    [oth-er-di-rect-ed]
 - padding    n.衬垫，填料    [pad-ding]
 + pliable    a.易弯的，柔软的    [pli-a-ble]
 + pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 + receptive    a.善于接受的；从善如流的    [re-cep-tive]
 - relent    v.动怜悯心；减弱    [re-lent]
 + scrutable    a.可以理解的    [scru-ta-ble]
 - spongy    a.像海绵的；不坚实的    [spon-gy]
 - squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 + supple    a.伸屈自如的    [sup-ple]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 + tractability    n.温顺    [tractability]
 + tractable    a.易于驾驭的，温顺的    [trac-ta-ble]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]
 - willowy    a.苗条的    [wil-low-y]
 + yielding    a.弯曲自如的；柔顺的    [yield-ing]

***** elasticity 325

 - buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 - distend    v.(使)膨胀，胀大    [dis-tend]
 - extend    v.延展，延长    [ex-tend]
 - flexible    a.易弯曲的，灵活的    [flex-i-ble]
 + resilience    n.弹性，弹力    [re-sil-ience]
 - resilient    a.有弹性的；能恢复活力的，适应力强的    [re-sil-i-ent]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]

***** inelasticity 326

 - inelasticity    n.无弹性，无伸缩性    [in-e-las-tic-i-ty]

***** tenacity 327

 - cement    n.水泥；胶粘剂；v.粘合，巩固    [ce-ment]
 - gristle    n.软骨；肉中难吃的硬组织    [gris-tle]
 - stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 + tackiness    n.胶粘性    [tack-i-ness]
 - tenacious    a.坚韧不拔的    [te-na-cious]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]

***** brittleness 328

 + brittle    a.易碎的，脆弱的    [brit-tle]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - crumble    v.弄碎；崩毁    [crum-ble]
 - fragile    a.易碎的，易坏的    [frag-ile]
 - frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]

***** texture 329

 + anatomical    a.解剖学的    [an-a-tom-i-cal]
 - cleavage    n.裂缝；分裂    [cleav-age]
 + coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 - constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - denim    n.粗斜纹棉布    [den-im]
 - fabric    n.纺织品；结构    [fab-ric]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 + histology    n.细胞组织学    [his-tol-o-gy]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + neurology    n.神经学    [neu-rol-o-gy]
 - organism    n.生物；有机体    [or-gan-ism]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - texture    n.质地；结构    [tex-ture]
 - tissue    n.细胞组织；薄纸，棉纸    [tis-sue]

***** pulverulence 330

 - abrade    v.磨损，磨小    [a-brade]
 - abrasion    n.表面磨损    [a-bra-sion]
 - abrasive    a.磨损的；生硬粗暴的    [a-bra-sive]
 - attenuate    v.变薄    [at-ten-u-ate]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + bruise    v.受伤，擦伤    [bruise]
 - crumb    n.饼屑，面包屑；碎裂的东西    [crumb]
 - crumble    v.弄碎；崩毁    [crum-ble]
 - debris    n.废墟，残骸    [de-bris]
 - detritus    n.碎屑；废墟    [de-tri-tus]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + filings    n.锉屑    [fil-ings]
 + friable    a.易碎的    [fri-a-ble]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 + grate    v.发出“吱嘎”声；磨碎；使人烦躁    [grate]
 - grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 - grit    n.沙粒；决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关    [grit]
 - impalpable    a.无法触及的；不易理解的    [im-pal-pa-ble]
 + mill    n.磨坊；压榨机；制造厂    [mill]
 - neutron    n.中子    [neu-tron]
 - pestle    n.杵，乳钵槌    [pes-tle]
 - preposition    n.介词，前置词    [prep-o-si-tion]
 + pulverize    v.压成细粉；彻底击败    [pul-ver-ize]
 + sawdust    n.锯屑    [saw-dust]
 - shard    n.(陶器等)碎片    [shard]
 + shingle    n.木瓦，屋顶板；木质小招牌    [shin-gle]

***** friction 331

 - abrasion    n.表面磨损    [a-bra-sion]
 - abrasive    a.磨损的；生硬粗暴的    [a-bra-sive]
 + contrition    n.悔罪，痛悔    [con-tri-tion]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 - friction    n.摩擦；矛盾，冲突    [fric-tion]
 - gnaw    v.啃，咬    [gnaw]
 - graze    v.(动物)吃(地上长的)草；放牧    [graze]
 - grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 + scrub    n.矮树丛；身体矮小的人；v.用力擦洗    [scrub]

***** lubrication 332

 + grease    n.(炼出的)动物油脂；滑脂    [grease]
 - lubricate    v.润滑    [lu-bri-cate]
 - saliva    n.唾液，口水    [sa-li-va]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

*** 2. Fluid Matter

*** 1. Fluids In General

***** fluidity 333

 + antibody    n.抗体(身体中的抗病物质)    [an-ti-bod-y]
 - condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 + liquefy    v.(使)液化，(使)溶解    [liq-ue-fy]
 + liquid    a.清澈的    [liq-uid]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 + soluble    a.可溶的；可以解决的    [sol-u-ble]

***** gaseity 334

 - aerial    a.空中的，空气中的    [aer-i-al]
 - diffuse    v.散布，(光等)漫射；a.漫射的，散漫的    [dif-fuse]
 - ethereal    a.太空；轻巧的    [e-the-re-al]
 - evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 + gaseous    a.似气体的    [gas-e-ous]
 + reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]
 - vaporize    v.(使)蒸发    [va-por-ize]
 + vaporous    a.无实质的    [va-por-ous]
 - volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]

***** liquefaction 335

 - condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 - flux    n.不断的变动，动荡不定    [flux]
 - liquefy    v.(使)液化，(使)溶解    [liq-ue-fy]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - soluble    a.可溶的；可以解决的    [sol-u-ble]
 - solvent    a.有偿债能力的；n.溶剂    [sol-vent]
 + thaw    v.解冻，溶化    [thaw]

***** vaporization 336

 + aerate    v.充气，让空气进入    [aer-ate]
 - distill    v.蒸馏    [dis-till]
 - effervesce    v.冒泡；热情洋溢    [ef-fer-vesce]
 - evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 - exhale    v.呼出(气)    [ex-hale]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 + fumigate    v.以烟熏消毒    [fu-mi-gate]
 + gasification    n.气化    [gas-i-fi-ca-tion]
 - reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 - sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]
 - vaporization    n.蒸发    [va-por-i-za-tion]
 - vaporize    v.(使)蒸发    [va-por-ize]
 - volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]

*** 2. Specific Fluids

***** water 337

 + aquatic    a.水生的，水中的    [a-quat-ic]
 + dabble    v.涉足，浅赏    [dab-ble]
 - deluge    n.大洪水；暴雨    [del-uge]
 - dilute    v.把(液体)弄稀，弄淡    [di-lute]
 - douse    v.把…浸入水中；熄灭    [douse]
 - drench    v.使湿透    [drench]
 + hemostat    n.止血器；止血剂    [he-mo-stat]
 - immerse    v.浸入；沉浸于    [im-merse]
 + inundate    v.淹没；泛滥    [in-un-date]
 + irrigate    v.灌溉    [ir-ri-gate]
 + lave    v.洗浴；慢慢冲刷    [lave]
 + macerate    v.浸软；消瘦    [mac-er-ate]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 - reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]
 - soak    v.浸泡，渗透    [soak]
 + sopping    a.浑身湿透的    [sop-ping]
 + steep    v.浸泡，浸透    [steep]
 - syringe    n.注射器    [sy-ringe]

***** air 338

 - aerial    a.空中的，空气中的    [aer-i-al]
 + barometer    n.气压计；晴雨表    [ba-rom-e-ter]
 + isotope    n.同位素    [i-so-tope]
 + meteorology    n.气象学    [me-te-or-ol-o-gy]
 - ventilate    v.使…通风，透风    [ven-ti-late]
 + weather    v.经受住，平安度过危难    [weath-er]
 + windy    a.有风的；长篇累牍的    [wind-y]

***** moisture 339

 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 - drench    v.使湿透    [drench]
 + humid    a.湿润的    [hu-mid]
 + humidity    n.湿度，湿气    [hu-mid-i-ty]
 - imbue    v.灌输(某人)强烈的情感或意见    [im-bue]
 - infiltrate    v.渗透，渗入    [in-fil-trate]
 + marsh    n.沼泽地，湿地    [marsh]
 - perspire    v.流汗    [per-spire]
 - saturate    v.浸透；使充满    [sat-u-rate]
 - saturated    a.渗透的，饱和的    [sat-u-rat-ed]
 + sloppy    a.邋遢的，不整洁的    [slop-py]
 - soak    v.浸泡，渗透    [soak]
 + sodden    a.浸透了的    [sod-den]
 + soggy    a.湿透的    [sog-gy]
 - sopping    a.浑身湿透的    [sop-ping]
 + sultry    a.闷热的；(人)风骚的    [sul-try]

***** dryness 340

 + anhydrous    a.无水的    [an-hy-drous]
 - arid    a.干旱的；枯燥的    [ar-id]
 + dehydrate    v.除去水分，脱水    [de-hy-drate]
 + desiccate    v.(使)完全干涸，脱水    [des-ic-cate]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - drainage    n.排水；污水    [drain-age]
 + drought    n.干旱；干旱时期    [drought]
 + husky    a.声音沙哑的    [husk-y]
 + parch    v.烘烤；烤焦    [parch]
 + sear    v.(以烈火)烧灼    [sear]
 + sere    a.干枯的，凋萎的    [sere]

***** ocean 341

 - marine    a.海的；海中的    [ma-rine]
 - maritime    a.沿海的；海上的    [mar-i-time]
 + siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]

***** land 342

 - clay    n.黏土    [clay]
 - clot    n.凝块；v.使凝结成块    [clot]
 + continent    a.自制的；n.大陆    [con-ti-nent]
 - debark    v.下船，下飞机，下车，卸载    [de-bark]
 + delta    n.三角洲    [del-ta]
 + derelict    a.荒废的；玩忽职守的；n.被遗弃的人    [der-e-lict]
 + earthy    a.粗俗的，粗陋的    [earth-y]
 + gravel    n.碎石，砂砾    [grav-el]
 - isthmus    n.地峡    [isth-mus]
 - levee    n.防洪堤；堤岸    [lev-ee]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 - oasis    n.绿洲    [o-a-sis]
 + peninsula    n.半岛    [pen-in-su-la]
 - soil    n./v.弄脏，污损    [soil]
 - strand    n.绳线的一股；v.搁浅    [strand]
 + terrain    n.地势，地形    [ter-rain]

***** gulf, lake 343

 - creek    n.小湾，小溪    [creek]
 + puddle    n.水坑，洼    [pud-dle]
 - slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 - strait    n.海峡；a.狭窄的    [strait]

***** plain 344

 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - mesa    n.高台地，平顶山    [me-sa]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - plateau    n.高原；平稳的状态    [pla-teau]
 - plot    n.情节；阴谋；策划    [plot]
 + sod    n.草地，草坪    [sod]
 + spartan    a.简朴的；刻苦的    [spartan]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** marsh 345

 + bog    n.沼泽；v.使…陷入泥沼    [bog]
 - marsh    n.沼泽地，湿地    [marsh]
 - sloppy    a.邋遢的，不整洁的    [slop-py]
 + slough    v.(蛇等)蜕皮；n.(蛇等的)蜕皮    [slough]
 - squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 - swamp    n.沼泽；v.使陷入；淹没    [swamp]

***** island 346

 + archipelago    n.群岛    [ar-chi-pel-a-go]
 - insular    a.岛屿的；心胸狭窄的    [in-su-lar]

*** 3. Fluids in Motion

***** stream 347

 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]

***** river 348

 - affluent    a.富裕的，丰富的    [af-flu-ent]
 + babble    v.胡言乱语；牙牙学语；喋喋不休    [bab-ble]
 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 + brook    n.小河    [brook]
 - cataclysm    n.剧变，灾难(常指大洪水或地震)    [cat-a-clysm]
 + cloudburst    n.大暴雨，豪雨    [cloud-burst]
 - creek    n.小湾，小溪    [creek]
 - debacle    n.解冻；崩溃    [de-ba-cle]
 - deluge    n.大洪水；暴雨    [del-uge]
 - distill    v.蒸馏    [dis-till]
 + downpour    n.暴雨    [down-pour]
 - drench    v.使湿透    [drench]
 + drizzle    v.下毛毛雨；n.毛毛雨    [driz-zle]
 - eddy    n.漩涡，涡流    [ed-dy]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 + fluvial    a.河流的，生长在河中的    [flu-vi-al]
 - flux    n.不断的变动，动荡不定    [flux]
 + geyser    n.天然热喷泉    [gey-ser]
 - gush    v.涌出；滔滔不绝地说    [gush]
 - hemostat    n.止血器；止血剂    [he-mo-stat]
 + hurricane    n.飓风    [hur-ri-cane]
 + hydrant    n.(消防)水龙头；消防栓    [hy-drant]
 - inundate    v.淹没；泛滥    [in-un-date]
 - irrigate    v.灌溉    [ir-ri-gate]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 + murmur    v.柔声地说，喃喃而言    [mur-mur]
 - obstruct    v.阻塞，截断    [ob-struct]
 + overflow    v.溢出；洋溢    [o-ver-flow]
 + rapids    n.急流，湍流    [rap-ids]
 - ripple    v.起涟漪；n.细浪，涟漪    [rip-ple]
 + rivulet    n.小溪，小河    [riv-u-let]
 - seep    v.(液体等)渗漏    [seep]
 - sluice    n.水门，水闸；v.冲洗    [sluice]
 - spate    n.大批，大量；(水)泛滥    [spate]
 + stanch    v.制止(血液)，止住    [stanch]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - surge    v.波涛汹涌，波动    [surge]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - syringe    n.注射器    [sy-ringe]
 - torrent    n.洪流，急流    [tor-rent]
 - trickle    v.一滴滴地流；n.细流    [trick-le]
 - whirlpool    n.漩涡    [whirl-pool]

***** wind 349

 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 + blizzard    n.暴风雪    [bliz-zard]
 - blustering    a.大吵大闹的    [blustering]
 - boisterous    a.喧闹的；猛烈的    [bois-ter-ous]
 - cyclone    n.气旋，飓风    [cy-clone]
 + gust    n.阵风；一阵(情绪)    [gust]
 - hurricane    n.飓风    [hur-ri-cane]
 - inflate    v.使充气，使膨胀    [in-flate]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + monsoon    n.季雨，季风    [mon-soon]
 - squall    n.短暂、突然且猛烈的风暴；短暂的骚动    [squall]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - tempest    n.暴风雨；骚动    [tem-pest]
 + tempestuous    a.狂暴的    [tem-pes-tu-ous]
 - tornado    n.飓风，龙卷风    [tor-na-do]
 - ventilate    v.使…通风，透风    [ven-ti-late]
 - waft    v.飘浮，飘荡    [waft]
 + whiff    v./n.轻吹，轻风    [whiff]
 - windy    a.有风的；长篇累牍的    [wind-y]
 + zephyr    n.和风；西风    [zeph-yr]

***** conduit 350

 + aorta    n.主动脉    [a-or-ta]
 + aqueduct    n.引水渠；高架渠    [aq-ue-duct]
 + arroyo    n.干涸的河床；小河    [ar-roy-o]
 + artery    n.动脉，命脉    [ar-ter-y]
 - conduit    n.渠道，引水道；水管    [con-duit]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 + duct    n.管道，槽    [duct]
 + gargoyle    n.(雕刻成怪兽状的)滴水嘴；面貌丑恶的人    [gar-goyle]
 - gully    n.雨水冲成的沟壑    [gul-ly]
 - gutter    n.水槽；街沟    [gut-ter]
 - kennel    n.狗舍，狗窝    [ken-nel]
 - moat    n.壕沟；护城河    [moat]
 - pore    n.毛孔，气孔    [pore]
 + sewer    n.排水沟，下水道    [sew-er]
 - sluice    n.水门，水闸；v.冲洗    [sluice]
 - valve    n.活门，阀门    [valve]
 - vascular    a.血管的，脉管的    [vas-cu-lar]

***** airpipe 351

 - vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]

*** 3. Imperfect Fluids

***** semiliquidity 352

 + glutinous    a.粘的，胶状的    [glu-ti-nous]
 + graphite    n.石墨    [graph-ite]
 - gum    n.树胶，橡皮    [gum]
 + lactic    a.乳汁的    [lac-tic]
 - lava    n.熔岩    [la-va]
 + margarine    n.人造黄油    [mar-ga-rine]
 - marsh    n.沼泽地，湿地    [marsh]
 - mash    v.捣成糊状    [mash]
 - milk    v.榨取    [milk]
 - slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 - squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 - starchy    a.含淀粉的；刻板的    [starch-y]
 + stodgy    a.乏味的    [stodg-y]
 + viscid    a.粘性的    [vis-cid]
 + viscous    a.粘的    [vis-cous]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** bubble; cloud 353

 - aerate    v.充气，让空气进入    [aer-ate]
 + cumulus    n.积云    [cu-mu-lus]
 - effervesce    v.冒泡；热情洋溢    [ef-fer-vesce]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - fermentation    n.发酵    [fer-men-ta-tion]
 + frothy    a.起泡的；空洞的    [froth-y]
 - geyser    n.天然热喷泉    [gey-ser]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 + nebulous    a.模糊不清的；云状的    [neb-u-lous]
 - vaporous    a.无实质的    [va-por-ous]
 - yeast    n.酵母；兴奋    [yeast]

***** pulpiness 354

 + pulp    n.果肉酱；纸浆    [pulp]

***** unctuousness 355

 - ointment    n.油膏，软膏    [oint-ment]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 + unctuous    a.油质的；油腔滑调的    [unc-tu-ous]

***** oil 356

 + bauxite    n.铝土岩(产铝的矿土、石)    [baux-ite]
 - graphite    n.石墨    [graph-ite]
 - grease    n.(炼出的)动物油脂；滑脂    [grease]
 - margarine    n.人造黄油    [mar-ga-rine]
 - ointment    n.油膏，软膏    [oint-ment]
 + petroleum    n.石油    [pe-tro-le-um]
 + unguent    n.药膏，软膏    [un-guent]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** resin 356.a

 - gum    n.树胶，橡皮    [gum]
 + iodine    n.碘；碘酒    [i-o-dine]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 + resin    n.树脂    [res-in]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]

** Section III. Organic Matter

*** 1. Vitality

**** 1. Vitality in General

***** organization 357

 + botany    n.植物学    [bot-a-ny]
 + chromosome    n.染色体    [chro-mo-some]
 + cytology    n.[生]细胞学    [cy-tol-o-gy]
 + ecologist    n.生态学家，生态学者    [e-col-o-gist]
 + genome    n.基因组，染色体组    [ge-nome]
 + metabolism    n.新陈代谢    [me-tab-o-lism]
 - organism    n.生物；有机体    [or-gan-ism]
 + physiological    a.生理的；生理学上的    [phys-i-o-log-i-cal]
 - pollen    n.花粉    [pol-len]

***** inorganization 358

 + fossilize    v.使…成为化石；使…过时    [fos-sil-ize]
 + inanimate    a.无生命的    [in-an-i-mate]
 + petrology    n.岩石学    [pe-trol-o-gy]

***** life 359

 + animated    a.活泼的，生动的    [an-i-mat-ed]
 + animation    n.活泼，有生气；卡通制作    [an-i-ma-tion]
 - cytology    n.[生]细胞学    [cy-tol-o-gy]
 - gene    n.基因    [gene]
 + genetics    n.遗传学    [ge-net-ics]
 - microbe    n.微生物    [mi-crobe]
 + pathogen    n.病原体    [path-o-gen]
 - physiological    a.生理的；生理学上的    [phys-i-o-log-i-cal]
 - pulse    v.搏动，跳动；n.脉搏；脉冲    [pulse]
 + respiration    n.呼吸    [res-pi-ra-tion]
 - revive    v.使苏醒；再流    [re-vive]
 + viability    n.生存能力，存活力    [vi-a-bil-i-ty]
 + viable    a.可行的；能活下去的    [vi-a-ble]
 + vital    a.极其重要的；充满活力的    [vi-tal]
 + vitalize    v.激发活力    [vi-tal-ize]

***** death 360

 + demise    n.死亡；财产转让    [de-mise]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 - expire    v.期满；去世    [ex-pire]
 - extinct    a.绝种的，不存在的    [ex-tinct]
 - inanimate    a.无生命的    [in-an-i-mate]
 + moribund    a.即将结束的；垂死的    [mor-i-bund]
 - mortality    n.死亡率    [mor-tal-i-ty]
 + mortuary    n.停尸间，太平间    [mor-tu-ar-y]
 + nonviable    a.无法生存的    [non-vi-a-ble]
 + obituary    n.讣闻，讣告    [o-bi-tu-ar-y]
 - perish    v.死，暴卒    [per-ish]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]

***** killing 361

 - antibody    n.抗体(身体中的抗病物质)    [an-ti-bod-y]
 + asphyxiate    v.(使)无法呼吸，窒息而死    [as-phyx-i-ate]
 - casualty    n.伤亡事故；伤亡者    [cas-u-al-ty]
 - chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 - choke    v.(使)窒息，阻塞    [choke]
 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 + fatal    a.致命的；灾难性的    [fa-tal]
 + fungicide    n.杀真菌剂    [fun-gi-cide]
 + fusillade    n./v. (枪炮)齐射，连发    [fu-sil-lade]
 + germicide    n.杀菌剂    [ger-mi-cide]
 + herbicide    n.除草剂    [herb-i-cide]
 + immolate    v.牺牲，焚祭    [im-mo-late]
 + immunize    v.使免疫    [im-mu-nize]
 + insecticide    n.杀虫剂    [in-sec-ti-cide]
 + internecine    a.内讧的，两败俱伤的    [in-ter-ne-cine]
 + lethal    a.致命的    [le-thal]
 + massacre    n.大屠杀    [mas-sa-cre]
 + pesticide    n.杀虫剂    [pes-ti-cide]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + shale    n.页岩(一种由似泥土细粒的沉淀物层组成的易分裂的岩石)    [shale]
 + shambles    n.凌乱景象，杂乱无章    [sham-bles]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 + slaughter    v./n.屠杀，屠宰    [slaugh-ter]
 + smother    v.覆盖；(使)闷死    [smoth-er]
 + sport    v.炫耀，卖弄    [sport]
 + stifle    v.感到窒息；抑止    [sti-fle]
 + suffocate    v.(使)窒息而死    [suf-fo-cate]
 + underdog    n.受欺负者，弱者    [un-der-dog]
 + vaccinate    v.给…接种疫苗    [vac-ci-nate]
 + victimize    v.使受害，迫害    [vic-tim-ize]

***** corpse 362

 + carrion    n.腐肉    [car-ri-on]
 - clay    n.黏土    [clay]
 - remains    n.遗址，废墟    [re-mains]
 - skeleton    n.骨架，骨骼；提纲    [skel-e-ton]

***** interment 363

 + burial    n.埋葬，埋藏    [bur-i-al]
 + cypress    n.柏树    [cy-press]
 + dirge    n.哀歌    [dirge]
 + disinter    v.挖出，挖掘    [dis-in-ter]
 + elegy    n.哀歌，挽歌    [el-e-gy]
 + epitaph    n.墓志铭    [ep-i-taph]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 + inter    v.埋葬    [in-ter]
 - mortuary    n.停尸间，太平间    [mor-tu-ar-y]
 + mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 + plaque    n.匾；血小板    [plaque]
 + pyre    n.火葬用的柴堆    [pyre]
 + sepulchral    a.坟墓的；阴深的    [se-pul-chral]
 - shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 + shrine    n.神龛，圣地    [shrine]
 + shroud    n.寿衣；遮蔽物；v.覆盖    [shroud]
 + tombstone    n.墓碑，墓石    [tomb-stone]
 - unearth    v.挖出；发现    [un-earth]
 - vault    n.拱顶；地窖    [vault]

**** 2. Special Vitality

***** animality 364

 - animation    n.活泼，有生气；卡通制作    [an-i-ma-tion]
 - corporeal    a.肉体的，身体的；物质的    [cor-po-re-al]

***** vegetability 365

 + asparagus    [植]芦笋，龙须菜(可作蔬菜)    [as-par-a-gus]
 + lush    a.繁茂的，茂盛的    [lush]

***** animal 366

 + amphibian    n.两栖动物；水陆两用飞行器    [am-phib-i-an]
 + biped    n.二足动物    [bi-ped]
 + brute    n./a.野兽(的)；残忍的(人)    [brute]
 - buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 + canary    n.金丝雀；女歌星    [ca-nar-y]
 + canine    a.犬的，似犬的    [ca-nine]
 + cow    v.威胁    [cow]
 - duckling    n.雏鸭，小鸭    [duck-ling]
 + ewe    n.母羊    [ewe]
 + grouse    n.松鸡；v.牢骚，诉苦    [grouse]
 + invertebrate    adj./n.无脊椎的(动物)    [in-ver-te-brate]
 + mammal    n.哺乳动物    [mam-mal]
 + maverick    n.想法与众不同的人    [mav-er-ick]
 - microbe    n.微生物    [mi-crobe]
 - mongrel    n.杂种动物；混血儿    [mon-grel]
 + mosquito    n.蚊子    [mos-qui-to]
 - otter    n.水獭    [ot-ter]
 + pest    n.害虫；讨厌的人或物    [pest]
 - rail    n.栏杆；铁轨；v.咒骂，猛烈指责    [rail]
 - ram    n.公羊；撞锤，猛击；填塞    [ram]
 + reptile    n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人    [rep-tile]
 + roe    n.鱼卵    [roe]
 + ruminant    a.(动物)反刍的；沉思的    [ru-mi-nant]
 - sow    n.母猪；v.播种    [sow]
 + steer    v.操舵，驾驶；n.公牛，食用牛    [steer]
 + swine    n.猪    [swine]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]
 + vaccine    n.牛痘苗，疫苗    [vac-cine]

***** vegetable 367

 - arboreal    a.树木的    [ar-bo-re-al]
 + arboretum    n.植物园    [ar-bo-re-tum]
 + brake    n.刹车；v.减速，阻止    [brake]
 - chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 - conifer    n.针叶树    [co-ni-fer]
 - elm    n.榆树    [elm]
 - eucalyptus    n.桉树    [eu-ca-lyp-tus]
 - exotic    a.珍奇的；来自异国的    [ex-ot-ic]
 + fern    n.羊齿植物，蕨    [fern]
 + flora    n.(某地区或时代的)植物群    [flo-ra]
 + foliage    n.叶子(总称)    [fo-li-age]
 + forestry    n.森林学；林产；林地    [for-est-ry]
 - fungi    n.菌类，蘑菇    [fun-gi]
 - gardenia    n.栀子花    [gar-de-ni-a]
 - grove    n.小树林，树丛    [grove]
 + herbaceous    a.草本植物的    [her-ba-ceous]
 + ligneous    a.木质的，木头的    [lig-ne-ous]
 + maize    n.玉米    [maize]
 - maple    n.枫树(枫树是加拿大的国树)    [ma-ple]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 - mushroom    n.蘑菇；v.雨后春笋般迅速发展    [mush-room]
 - pecan    n.山核桃    [pe-can]
 - perennial    a.终年的；永久的    [per-en-ni-al]
 - plankton    n.浮游生物    [plank-ton]
 - pulse    v.搏动，跳动；n.脉搏；脉冲    [pulse]
 - scrub    n.矮树丛；身体矮小的人；v.用力擦洗    [scrub]
 + shrub    n.灌木    [shrub]
 - stem    n.(植物的)茎，叶柄；v.阻止，遏制(水流等)    [stem]
 + thicket    n.树丛，灌木丛    [thick-et]
 + timber    n.木材；(人)品质    [tim-ber]
 + verdant    a.青葱的，翠绿的    [ver-dant]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]

***** zoology 368

 + anthropologist    n.人类学家    [an-thro-pol-o-gist]
 - cytology    n.[生]细胞学    [cy-tol-o-gy]
 + demography    n.人口统计，人口学    [de-mog-ra-phy]
 - ecologist    n.生态学家，生态学者    [e-col-o-gist]
 + herpetologist    n.爬行动物学家    [her-pe-tol-o-gist]
 + ornithologist    n.鸟类学家，鸟类学者    [or-ni-thol-o-gist]
 + ornithology    n.鸟类学    [or-ni-thol-o-gy]
 - paleontology    n.古生物学    [pa-le-on-tol-o-gy]

***** botany 369

 - botany    n.植物学    [bot-a-ny]
 - flora    n.(某地区或时代的)植物群    [flo-ra]

***** husbandry 370

 + apiary    n.养蜂场，蜂房    [a-pi-ar-y]
 - aviary    n.大鸟笼，鸟舍    [a-vi-ar-y]
 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 + bridle    n.马笼头；v.抑制，控制    [bri-dle]
 + bucolic    a.乡村的；牧羊的    [bu-col-ic]
 - domesticate    v.驯养    [do-mes-ti-cate]
 - hive    n.蜂房；忙碌之地    [hive]
 + husbandry    n.耕种，务农；节敛管理    [hus-band-ry]
 + pastoral    a.田园生活的；宁静的    [pas-to-ral]
 + runic    a.北欧古代文字的；神秘的    [ru-nic]
 - sacrifice    n.牺牲；v.宰牲祭神    [sac-ri-fice]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - tend    v.照料，看顾    [tend]
 + veterinary    a.兽医的    [vet-er-i-nar-y]

***** agriculture 371

 + agrarian    a.土地的    [a-grar-i-an]
 + agronomy    n.农学，农艺学    [a-gron-o-my]
 + arable    a.可耕的，适合种植的    [ar-a-ble]
 - arboretum    n.植物园    [ar-bo-re-tum]
 - conservatory    n.温室；音乐学院    [con-serv-a-to-ry]
 + cultivate    v.种植；向…讨好    [cul-ti-vate]
 - delve    v.深入探究，钻研    [delve]
 - forestry    n.森林学；林产；林地    [for-est-ry]
 - habitat    n.自然环境，栖息地    [hab-i-tat]
 + harrow    n.耙；v.使痛苦    [har-row]
 - hoe    n.锄头    [hoe]
 + horticulture    n.园艺学    [hor-ti-cul-ture]
 - husbandry    n.耕种，务农；节敛管理    [hus-band-ry]
 + manure    n.粪肥；v.给…施肥    [ma-nure]
 + orchard    n.果园    [or-chard]
 + plough    n.犁；v.犁地    [plough]
 - reap    v.收割，收获    [reap]
 + reaper    n.收割者    [reap-er]
 - rural    a.乡村的    [ru-ral]
 - rustic    a.乡村的，乡土气的    [rus-tic]
 - sow    n.母猪；v.播种    [sow]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]

***** mankind 372

 + commonwealth    n.共和国，联邦    [com-mon-wealth]
 + communal    a.全体共用的，共享的    [com-mu-nal]
 - cosmopolitan    n.世界主义者，四海为家的人    [cos-mo-pol-i-tan]
 + ethnology    n.人种学，人类文化学    [eth-nol-o-gy]
 - generation    n.一代人；(产品类型的)代；产生，发生    [gen-er-a-tion]
 - individual    a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体    [in-di-vid-u-al]
 - mortality    n.死亡率    [mor-tal-i-ty]
 - realm    n.王国；领域，范围    [realm]
 - supernova    n.超新星    [su-per-no-va]

***** man 373

 - blade    n.刀锋，刀口    [blade]
 - buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 + husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 - steer    v.操舵，驾驶；n.公牛，食用牛    [steer]

***** woman 374

 - cow    v.威胁    [cow]
 - ewe    n.母羊    [ewe]
 + feminist    n.女权运动者    [fem-i-nist]
 - mare    n.母马，母驴    [ma-re]
 - mollycoddle    v.过分爱惜，娇惯；n.娇生惯养的人    [mol-ly-cod-dle]
 - roe    n.鱼卵    [roe]
 - sow    n.母猪；v.播种    [sow]
 + suffragist    n.参政权扩大论者；妇女政权论者    [suf-fra-gist]

***** sexuality 374.a

 - climax    n.顶点，高潮    [cli-max]
 - deviation    n.背离    [de-vi-a-tion]
 + lust    n.强烈的欲望    [lust]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + narcissism    n.自恋，自爱    [nar-cis-sism]
 + passionate    a.充满激情的    [pas-sion-ate]

*** 2. sensation

**** 1. Sensation in General

***** physical sensibility 375

 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 + aesthetic    a.美学的，有审美感的    [aes-thet-ic]
 - cultivate    v.种植；向…讨好    [cul-ti-vate]
 + impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 + sensation    n.知觉；轰动(的事)    [sen-sa-tion]
 - sensible    a.明智的；可感觉到的    [sen-si-ble]
 + sensitive    a.敏感的    [sen-si-tive]
 + sentient    a.有知觉的；知悉的    [sen-ti-ent]
 + tutor    n.助教；监护人；v.辅导    [tu-tor]
 - vivid    a.清晰的，鲜艳的；大胆的，活泼的，逼真的    [viv-id]

***** physical insensibility 376

 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 + callous    a.结硬块的    [cal-lous]
 + coma    n.昏迷状态    [co-ma]
 + comatose    a.昏迷的    [co-ma-tose]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 + insentient    a.无知觉的，无生命的    [in-sen-ti-ent]
 + menthol    n.薄荷醇    [men-thol]
 + numb    a.麻木的    [numb]
 - obtuse    a.愚笨的；不锐利的    [ob-tuse]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]

***** physical pleasure 377

 + agreeable    a.令人喜悦的；欣然同意的    [a-gree-a-ble]
 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 + luxurious    a.奢侈的，豪华的    [lux-u-ri-ous]
 + luxury    n.奢侈(品)    [lux-u-ry]
 - regale    v.款待；使…享受    [re-gale]
 + relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 - snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]
 + sybaritic    a.放纵的    [sybaritic]
 + voluptuous    a.撩人的；沉溺于酒色的    [vo-lup-tu-ous]

***** physical pain 378

 + agony    n.极大痛苦    [ag-o-ny]
 + anguish    n.极大痛苦    [an-guish]
 + arthritis    n.关节炎    [ar-thri-tis]
 + asthma    n.哮喘症    [asth-ma]
 + chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 - convulse    v.使震动，震惊    [con-vulse]
 - convulsion    n.骚动；痉挛    [con-vul-sion]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 + fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 + gall    n.胆汁；怨恨    [gall]
 - gnaw    v.啃，咬    [gnaw]
 - grate    v.发出“吱嘎”声；磨碎；使人烦躁    [grate]
 + gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 + hypertension    n.高血压    [hy-per-ten-sion]
 - immunize    v.使免疫    [im-mu-nize]
 - lacerate    v.撕裂；深深伤害    [lac-er-ate]
 + malaise    n.不适，不舒服    [ma-laise]
 + nightmare    n.恶梦；可怕的事    [night-mare]
 + pang    n.一阵剧痛    [pang]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 + smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 + sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]
 - stitch    n.(缝纫时的)一针，一钩；v.缝合    [stitch]
 + torment    n.折磨，痛苦    [tor-ment]
 + twinge    n.(生理，心理上的)剧痛    [twinge]
 - vaccinate    v.给…接种疫苗    [vac-ci-nate]
 + wince    v.避开，畏缩    [wince]

**** 2. Special Sensation

**** (1) Touch

***** touch 379

 + antenna    n.触角；天线    [an-ten-na]
 - fumble    v.摸索，笨拙搜寻；弄乱，搞糟    [fum-ble]
 + grope    v.摸索，探索    [grope]
 + handle    n.柄，把手；v.处理    [han-dle]
 + manipulate    v.操纵    [ma-nip-u-late]
 - palpable    a.可触知的，明显的    [pal-pa-ble]
 + tact    n.机智；圆滑    [tact]
 + tactile    a.有触觉的    [tac-tile]
 - tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]
 - wield    v.支配，掌权    [wield]

***** sensations of touch 380

 - creep    v.匍匐前进；悄悄地移动    [creep]
 - sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]

***** numbness 381

 - impalpable    a.无法触及的；不易理解的    [im-pal-pa-ble]
 - intangible    a.不可触摸的    [in-tan-gi-ble]
 - numb    a.麻木的    [numb]

**** (2) Heat

***** heat 382

 + ardent    a.热心的，热烈的    [ar-dent]
 + bask    v.晒太阳，取暖    [bask]
 + calorie    n.卡路里；卡(热量单位)    [cal-o-rie]
 + fervid    a.炽热的，热情的    [fer-vid]
 + fervor    n.热诚，热心    [fer-vor]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 - genial    a.愉快的，脾气好的    [ge-ni-al]
 + glow    v./n.光亮，发热；(脸)红    [glow]
 + glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 + hectic    a.兴奋的；繁忙的    [hec-tic]
 + igneous    a.火的，火绒的    [ig-ne-ous]
 + incandescence    n.白炽，炽热发光    [in-can-des-cence]
 + inflamed    a.发炎的    [in-flamed]
 + lukewarm    a.微温的，不热心的    [luke-warm]
 - parch    v.烘烤；烤焦    [parch]
 + perfervid    a.非常热心的    [per-fer-vid]
 - reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]
 + scalding    a.滚烫的    [scalding]
 + seethe    v.沸腾，汹涌    [seethe]
 - spark    n.火花，火星    [spark]
 - stuffy    a.(空气)不新鲜的，闷气的    [stuff-y]
 - sultry    a.闷热的；(人)风骚的    [sul-try]
 + sweltering    a.酷热的    [swel-ter-ing]
 + tangy    a.强烈的，扑鼻的    [tang-y]
 + tepid    a.微温的    [tep-id]
 - thaw    v.解冻，溶化    [thaw]
 - thermal    a.热的，热量的；温暖的n.热气流    [ther-mal]

***** cold 383

 - arctic    a.北极的；极寒的    [arc-tic]
 + bleak    a.寒冷的；阴沉的；阴郁的，暗淡的    [bleak]
 - deadpan    a./n.无表情的(脸)    [dead-pan]
 + fresco    n.壁画    [fres-co]
 + frigid    a.寒冷的；死板的    [frig-id]
 + frigidity    n.寒冷；冷淡    [fri-gid-i-ty]
 - glacial    a.冰期的，冰河期的；寒冷的    [gla-ci-al]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 + icicle    n.冰柱，冰垂    [i-ci-cle]
 + inclement    a.(天气)严酷的；严厉的    [in-clem-ent]
 - lukewarm    a.微温的，不热心的    [luke-warm]
 - numb    a.麻木的    [numb]
 + offish    a.冷淡的    [of-fish]
 - piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 + rigor    n.严酷；严格，苛刻；严密，精确    [ri-gor]
 + shudder    v./n.战栗，发抖    [shud-der]
 - tepid    a.微温的    [tep-id]

***** calefaction 384

 + alkali    n.碱    [al-ka-li]
 + arson    n.纵火，放火    [ar-son]
 + brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 + cauterize    v.(用腐蚀性物质或烙铁)烧灼(表皮组织)以消毒或止血    [cau-ter-ize]
 + ceramics    n.制陶业)；陶器    [ce-ram-ics]
 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 + char    v.烧焦；使…燃烧成焦炭    [char]
 + cinder    n.余烬，矿渣    [cin-der]
 + combustible    a.易燃的；易激动的    [com-bus-ti-ble]
 + conflagration    n.建筑物或森林大火    [con-fla-gra-tion]
 + corrode    v.腐蚀，侵蚀    [cor-rode]
 + crockery    n.陶器，瓦器    [crock-er-y]
 + flammable    a.易燃的    [flam-ma-ble]
 - foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 + furnace    n.锅炉    [fur-nace]
 - fusion    n.熔合；聚变    [fu-sion]
 - geyser    n.天然热喷泉    [gey-ser]
 + grill    v.烤；拷问；n.烤架    [grill]
 + ignite    v.发光；点燃，燃烧    [ig-nite]
 - incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 + incinerate    v.焚化，毁弃    [in-cin-er-ate]
 - inflame    v.使燃烧；激怒(某人)    [in-flame]
 + inflammation    n.激怒；炽热；炎症    [in-flam-ma-tion]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 - liquefy    v.(使)液化，(使)溶解    [liq-ue-fy]
 + molten    v.熔化；a.熔化的    [mol-ten]
 + oxidize    v.氧化，生锈    [ox-i-dize]
 - parch    v.烘烤；烤焦    [parch]
 + porcelain    n.瓷；瓷器    [por-ce-lain]
 + pottery    n.制陶；陶器    [pot-ter-y]
 + refinery    n.提炼厂，精炼厂    [re-fin-er-y]
 - residue    n.剩余    [res-i-due]
 - scorch    v.烤焦，烧焦    [scorch]
 - sear    v.(以烈火)烧灼    [sear]
 - seethe    v.沸腾，汹涌    [seethe]
 + singe    v.(轻微地)烧焦，烫焦    [singe]
 + slag    n.炉渣，矿渣    [slag]
 - sodden    a.浸透了的    [sod-den]
 + soot    n.黑烟灰，油烟    [soot]
 + stoke    v.给…添加燃料    [stoke]
 - thaw    v.解冻，溶化    [thaw]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]

***** refrigeration 385

 - congeal    v.冻结，凝固    [con-geal]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 - extinguish    v.使…熄灭；使…不复存在    [ex-tin-guish]
 - nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 - petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]

***** furnace 386

 - caldron    n.(煮汤用的)大锅    [cal-dron]
 - conservatory    n.温室；音乐学院    [con-serv-a-to-ry]
 - forge    n.铁匠铺；v.锤炼；伪造    [forge]
 - furnace    n.锅炉    [fur-nace]
 - grate    v.发出“吱嘎”声；磨碎；使人烦躁    [grate]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 + tongs    n.夹子，钳子    [tongs]

***** refrigerator 387



***** fuel 388

 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 - cinder    n.余烬，矿渣    [cin-der]
 - combustible    a.易燃的；易激动的    [com-bus-ti-ble]
 - flammable    a.易燃的    [flam-ma-ble]
 + incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - log    n./v.日志，记录；n.一段大木头；圆木    [log]
 + lumen    n.流明(光通量单位)    [lu-men]
 - petroleum    n.石油    [pe-tro-le-um]
 + tinder    n.火绒，火种    [tin-der]
 - wax    n.蜡；v.给…打蜡；盈，增大    [wax]
 + wick    n.蜡烛芯；灯芯    [wick]

***** insulation, fire extinction 388.a

 - bucket    >n.圆桶    [buck-et]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 - douse    v.把…浸入水中；熄灭    [douse]
 - extinguish    v.使…熄灭；使…不复存在    [ex-tin-guish]
 + nonflammable    a.不易燃的    [non-flam-ma-ble]
 - quench    v.熄灭(火)；抑制(欲望)    [quench]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - smother    v.覆盖；(使)闷死    [smoth-er]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]

***** thermometer 389



**** (3) Taste

***** taste 390

 - gust    n.阵风；一阵(情绪)    [gust]
 + gustation    n.品尝；味觉    [gus-ta-tion]
 + gustatory    a.味觉的，品尝的    [gus-ta-to-ry]
 + palate    n.上腭；口味；爱好    [pal-ate]
 - relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 - stomach    v.吃得下；容忍    [stom-ach]

***** insipidity 391

 - bland    a.(人)情绪平稳的；(食物)无味的    [bland]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 + halfhearted    a.不认真的，不热心的    [half-heart-ed]
 + insipid    a.乏味的，枯燥的    [in-sip-id]
 + mawkish    a.自作多情的；淡而无味的，令人作呕的    [mawk-ish]
 - stale    a.不新鲜的，陈腐的    [stale]
 + vapid    a.索然无味的    [vap-id]

***** pungency 392

 + acrid    a.辛辣的，刻薄的    [ac-rid]
 + acrimonious    a.尖刻的，严厉的    [ac-ri-mo-ni-ous]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 - mordant    a.讥讽的，尖酸的    [mor-dant]
 + nicotine    n.尼古丁    [nic-o-tine]
 - nip    v.小口啜饮    [nip]
 + piquant    a.辛辣的，开胃的；兴奋的    [pi-quant]
 + pungent    a.味道刺激的；苛刻的    [pun-gent]
 - racy    a.活泼的，生动的    [rac-y]
 + seasoned    a.有经验的，训练有素的    [seasoned]
 - seasoning    n.调味品，佐料    [sea-son-ing]
 - tangy    a.强烈的，扑鼻的    [tang-y]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]

***** saltiness 392.a

 - racy    a.活泼的，生动的    [rac-y]

***** bitterness 392.b

 + acerbic    a.苦涩的；刻薄的    [a-cer-bic]
 - acrid    a.辛辣的，刻薄的    [ac-rid]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 - alkali    n.碱    [al-ka-li]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 - gall    n.胆汁；怨恨    [gall]

***** condiment 393

 - appetizer    n.开胃品    [ap-pe-tiz-er]
 - balm    n.香油，药膏；镇痛剂    [balm]
 + ginger    n.姜；活力    [gin-ger]
 - relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 + sage    a.智慧的；n.智者    [sage]
 - seasoning    n.调味品，佐料    [sea-son-ing]

***** savoriness 394

 - appetizer    n.开胃品    [ap-pe-tiz-er]
 + appetizing    a.美味可口的，促进食欲的    [ap-pe-tiz-ing]
 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 + delectable    a.赏心悦目的    [de-lec-ta-ble]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 + exquisite    a.精致的；近乎完美的    [ex-qui-site]
 + nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 + plutocracy    n.财阀统治    [plu-toc-ra-cy]
 - relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 + tasty    a.味道好的    [tast-y]
 + zest    n.刺激性；热心，兴趣    [zest]

***** unsavoriness 395

 - acrid    a.辛辣的，刻薄的    [ac-rid]
 - acrimonious    a.尖刻的，严厉的    [ac-ri-mo-ni-ous]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 + austerity    n.朴素，艰苦    [aus-ter-i-ty]
 + disgust    n.反感，厌恶    [dis-gust]
 + fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 + nauseate    v.使作呕，使厌恶    [nau-se-ate]
 + offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 + rue    n.后悔，遗憾    [rue]
 + unpalatable    a.令人讨厌的    [un-pal-at-a-ble]

***** sweetness 396

 - carbohydrate    n.碳水化合物    [car-bo-hy-drate]
 + confection    n.甜食，糖果    [con-fec-tion]
 + conserve    v.保全，保存    [con-serve]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 + glucose    n.葡萄糖    [glu-cose]
 - lush    a.繁茂的，茂盛的    [lush]
 - pastry    n.糕点，点心    [pas-try]
 + saccharin    n.糖精    [sac-cha-rin]
 + tart    a.酸的；尖酸的    [tart]

***** sourness 397

 + crab    n.蟹，螃蟹；v.抱怨，发脾气    [crab]
 + crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - hydrate    n.水化物；v.水化    [hy-drate]
 - tart    a.酸的；尖酸的    [tart]

**** (4) Odor

***** odor 398

 - exhale    v.呼出(气)    [ex-hale]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 + fragrance    n.香料；香味    [fra-grance]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 - inhale    v.吸气    [in-hale]
 + olfaction    n.嗅觉    [ol-fac-tion]
 - pungent    a.味道刺激的；苛刻的    [pun-gent]
 + redolent    a.芬芳的，芳香的    [red-o-lent]
 - reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]

***** inodorousness 399



***** fragrance 400

 + aroma    n.芳香，香气    [a-ro-ma]
 + aromatic    a.芬芳的，芳香的    [ar-o-mat-ic]
 - balm    n.香油，药膏；镇痛剂    [balm]
 + balmy    a.(气候)温和的；芳香的    [balm-y]
 + bouquet    n.花束；芳香    [bou-quet]
 - fragrance    n.香料；香味    [fra-grance]
 + fragrant    a.芳香的；愉快的    [fra-grant]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - mint    n.大量；巨额    [mint]
 - potpourri    n.混杂；杂文集    [pot-pour-ri]
 - redolent    a.芬芳的，芳香的    [red-o-lent]

***** fetor 401

 + cloying    a.甜得发腻的    [cloy-ing]
 + fetid    a.有恶臭的    [fet-id]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 + fusty    a.陈腐的，霉臭的    [fus-ty]
 + noisome    a.恶臭的；令人不快的    [noi-some]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 + rancid    a.不新鲜的，变味的    [ran-cid]
 + stench    n.臭气，恶臭(stink)    [stench]

***** acridity 401.a

 - acrid    a.辛辣的，刻薄的    [ac-rid]
 - astringent    a.止血的，收缩的；n.收缩剂，止血剂    [as-trin-gent]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]

**** (5) sound

**** (I) Sound in General

***** sound 402

 + audible    a.听得见的    [au-di-ble]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 + phonetic    a.语音的    [pho-net-ic]
 + resonant    a.(声音)洪亮的；共鸣的    [res-o-nant]
 + resound    v.回荡着声音；鸣响    [re-sound]

***** silence 403

 - hush    v./n.肃静，安静    [hush]
 - lull    n.活动的暂停；v.使平静    [lull]
 + muffle    v.使声音降低；裹住    [muf-fle]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 + solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - stifle    v.感到窒息；抑止    [sti-fle]

***** loudness 404

 - bedlam    n.混乱，骚乱    [bed-lam]
 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 + blatant    a.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的    [bla-tant]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 + din    n.喧闹声，嘈杂声    [din]
 + earsplitting    a.震耳欲聋的    [ear-split-ting]
 - fracas    n.喧嚷，吵闹    [fra-cas]
 - fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 - obstreperous    a.吵闹的，难管束的    [ob-strep-er-ous]
 - pandemonium    n.喧嚣，大混乱    [pan-de-mo-ni-um]
 - piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 + plangent    a.轰鸣的；悲哀的    [plan-gent]
 - resound    v.回荡着声音；鸣响    [re-sound]
 + stentorian    a.(指声音)极响亮的    [sten-to-ri-an]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - uproar    n.喧闹，骚动    [up-roar]
 - uproarious    a.骚动的，喧嚣的；令人捧腹的    [up-roar-i-ous]

***** faintness 405

 - babble    v.胡言乱语；牙牙学语；喋喋不休    [bab-ble]
 - damped    a.减震的，压低(声音)的    [damped]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 - husky    a.声音沙哑的    [husk-y]
 - liquid    a.清澈的    [liq-uid]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 + muffled    a.(声音)压低的    [muffled]
 - murmur    v.柔声地说，喃喃而言    [mur-mur]
 + muted    a.(声音)减弱的，变得轻柔的    [mut-ed]
 + mutter    v.咕哝，嘀咕    [mut-ter]
 - piano    a.(音乐)轻柔的    [pi-a-no]
 - ripple    v.起涟漪；n.细浪，涟漪    [rip-ple]
 + whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]

**** (II) Specific Sounds

***** snap 406

 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 - clash    v.冲突，撞击    [clash]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - detonation    n.爆炸，爆炸声    [det-o-na-tion]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - volley    n.齐发，群射；v.齐发，群射；(足球、网球)截击    [vol-ley]

***** roll 407

 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + feedback    n.(信息的)反馈    [feed-back]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 + rattle    v.使格格作响；使慌乱    [rat-tle]
 + toll    n.过路(桥)费；伤亡人数，损失；v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲    [toll]

***** resonance 408

 + diva    n.歌剧中的首席女主角    [di-va]
 + gong    n.锣    [gong]
 - plangent    a.轰鸣的；悲哀的    [plan-gent]
 - resonant    a.(声音)洪亮的；共鸣的    [res-o-nant]
 - resound    v.回荡着声音；鸣响    [re-sound]
 - reverberate    v.起回声，反响    [re-ver-ber-ate]
 - sepulchral    a.坟墓的；阴深的    [se-pul-chral]
 - squelch    v.压制，镇压    [squelch]
 + vibrant    a.振动的；明快的；生机勃勃的    [vi-brant]

***** nonresonance 408.a

 - muffled    a.(声音)压低的    [muffled]

***** sibilation 409

 - feedback    n.(信息的)反馈    [feed-back]
 + hiss    v.作嘘声；(蛇等)发出嘶嘶声    [hiss]
 - mosquito    n.蚊子    [mos-qui-to]
 + sibilant    a.发出咝咝声的    [sib-i-lant]
 - squash    v.压碎，挤压；n.南瓜    [squash]
 + whistle    n.口哨，口哨声；汽笛声；v.吹口哨    [whis-tle]

***** stridor 410

 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 + atonal    a.(音乐)无调的    [a-ton-al]
 + cacophonous    a.发音不和谐的，不协调的    [ca-coph-o-nous]
 + cacophony    n.难听的声音    [ca-coph-o-ny]
 - carafe    n.玻璃瓶    [ca-rafe]
 - coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 - discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 - earsplitting    a.震耳欲聋的    [ear-split-ting]
 - grate    v.发出“吱嘎”声；磨碎；使人烦躁    [grate]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 + off-key    a.走调的，不和谐的    [off-key]
 - piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 - sepulchral    a.坟墓的；阴深的    [se-pul-chral]
 - tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]

***** cry 411

 - bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 - brawl    v./n.争吵，打架    [brawl]
 + chorus    n.合唱队，歌舞团    [cho-rus]
 + clamor    v./n.吵闹，喧哗    [clam-or]
 + exclaim    v.惊叫，呼喊    [ex-claim]
 + groan    v./n.呻吟，叹息    [groan]
 + grumble    v.喃喃诉苦，发怨言    [grum-ble]
 - hoop    n.(桶之)箍，铁环    [hoop]
 + moan    v./n.(痛苦地/的)呻吟；(不满地/的)抱怨    [moan]
 + shriek    v.尖叫    [shriek]
 - squall    n.短暂、突然且猛烈的风暴；短暂的骚动    [squall]
 - stentorian    a.(指声音)极响亮的    [sten-to-ri-an]
 + whine    v.哀号，号哭    [whine]

***** ululation 412

 - bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 - blatant    a.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的    [bla-tant]
 + chuckle    v.轻声地笑    [chuck-le]
 + croak    n.蛙鸣声；v.发牢骚，抱怨    [croak]
 + drone    v.嗡嗡地响，单调地说；n.单调的低音    [drone]
 + gaggle    n.鹅群    [gag-gle]
 + gobble    v.贪婪地吃，吞没    [gob-ble]
 - hiss    v.作嘘声；(蛇等)发出嘶嘶声    [hiss]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 + quack    n.冒充内行之人；庸医    [quack]
 + snarl    n./v.纠缠，混乱    [snarl]
 - whistle    n.口哨，口哨声；汽笛声；v.吹口哨    [whis-tle]

**** (III) Musical Sounds

***** melody concord 413

 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 + cello    n.大提琴    [cel-lo]
 + chord    n.和弦，和音    [chord]
 + chromatic    a.彩色的，五彩的    [chro-mat-ic]
 + composer    n.作曲家    [com-pos-er]
 - concord    n.和睦；公约    [con-cord]
 - consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 - consonant    a.调和的，一致的    [con-so-nant]
 - dominant    a.显性的，优势的    [dom-i-nant]
 - drone    v.嗡嗡地响，单调地说；n.单调的低音    [drone]
 + euphonious    a.悦耳的    [eu-pho-ni-ous]
 - gallon    n.加仑    [gal-lon]
 - harmony    n.相符，一致；协调，匀称    [har-mo-ny]
 - measured    a.精确的；慎重的    [meas-ured]
 + mellifluous    a.(音乐等)柔美流畅的    [mel-lif-lu-ous]
 + melody    n.旋律；歌曲    [mel-o-dy]
 + musicologist    n.音乐学者    [mu-si-col-o-gist]
 - pitch    n.沥青，柏油；音调    [pitch]
 - quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 - rhyme    n.押韵；v.押韵    [rhyme]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - spatial    a.有关空间的，在空间的    [spa-tial]
 - stratify    v.(使)层化    [strat-i-fy]
 + tempo    n.(动作、生活的)步调，速度    [tem-po]
 + timbre    n.音色，音质    [tim-bre]
 + tonic    n.增进健康之物，补品；a.滋补的    [ton-ic]
 - transpose    v.变换位置，调换    [trans-pose]

***** discord 414

 - atonal    a.(音乐)无调的    [a-ton-al]
 - cacophonous    a.发音不和谐的，不协调的    [ca-coph-o-nous]
 - cacophony    n.难听的声音    [ca-coph-o-ny]
 - discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 + dissonant    a.不和谐的，不一致的    [dis-so-nant]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 - jarring    a.声音刺耳的    [jar-ring]
 - off-key    a.走调的，不和谐的    [off-key]
 - strident    a.尖声的，刺耳的    [stri-dent]

***** music 415

 + aria    n.独唱曲，咏叹调    [a-ri-a]
 + attune    (to)v.使调和    [at-tune]
 + ballad    n.歌谣，小曲    [bal-lad]
 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 + bravura    >n.华美乐段；a.华美的；显示技巧的    [bra-vu-ra]
 - canon    n.经典，真作    [ca-non]
 + carol    n.赞美诗，颂歌；v.欢唱    [car-ol]
 + chant    n.圣歌；v.歌唱或背诵    [chant]
 - chorus    n.合唱队，歌舞团    [cho-rus]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - composer    n.作曲家    [com-pos-er]
 + concerto    n.协奏曲    [con-cer-to]
 - crescendo    n.(音乐)渐强，高潮    [cre-scen-do]
 - dirge    n.哀歌    [dirge]
 + ditty    n.小曲，小调    [dit-ty]
 - drone    v.嗡嗡地响，单调地说；n.单调的低音    [drone]
 - duet    n.二重唱    [du-et]
 + hymn    n.赞美诗    [hymn]
 + idyll    n.田园生活；田园诗    [i-dyll]
 + instrumental    a.有帮助的，有作用的    [in-stru-men-tal]
 - jazz    n.爵士乐；喧闹    [jazz]
 + limerick    n.五行打油诗    [lim-er-ick]
 - lullaby    n.摇篮曲    [lull-a-by]
 + lyric    a.抒情的；n.抒情诗；歌词    [lyr-ic]
 + madrigal    n.抒情短诗，情歌，合唱曲    [mad-ri-gal]
 - melody    n.旋律；歌曲    [mel-o-dy]
 + minuet    n.小步舞    [min-u-et]
 - movement    n.(交响乐)乐章    [move-ment]
 + operetta    n.小歌剧    [op-er-et-ta]
 + oratorio    n.清唱剧(没有舞台行动、道具的戏剧)    [or-a-to-ri-o]
 + orchestra    n.管弦乐队    [or-ches-tra]
 - overture    n.前奏曲，序曲    [o-ver-ture]
 - pastoral    a.田园生活的；宁静的    [pas-to-ral]
 - potpourri    n.混杂；杂文集    [pot-pour-ri]
 - quartet    n.四重奏，四重唱    [quar-tet]
 - ragtime    n.拉格泰姆音乐；a.使人发笑的，滑稽的    [rag-time]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 + solo    a.单独的；n.独唱    [so-lo]
 + sonata    n.奏鸣曲    [so-na-ta]
 + staccato    a.(音乐)断音的，不连贯的    [stac-ca-to]
 - symphony    n.交响乐，交响曲    [sym-pho-ny]
 - tempo    n.(动作、生活的)步调，速度    [tem-po]
 - trio    n.三重奏，三重唱；三人一组    [tri-o]

***** musician 416

 - accompany    v.伴随，陪伴    [ac-com-pa-ny]
 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 + bard    n.吟游诗人    [bard]
 - carol    n.赞美诗，颂歌；v.欢唱    [car-ol]
 - chant    n.圣歌；v.歌唱或背诵    [chant]
 + choir    n.(教堂的)歌唱队    [choir]
 - chorus    n.合唱队，歌舞团    [cho-rus]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - composer    n.作曲家    [com-pos-er]
 - diva    n.歌剧中的首席女主角    [di-va]
 + doodle    v.胡乱画；混时间    [doo-dle]
 + execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 + instrumentalist    n.乐器演奏者    [in-stru-men-tal-ist]
 - musicologist    n.音乐学者    [mu-si-col-o-gist]
 - quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]
 + vocalist    n.流行歌手，声乐家    [vo-cal-ist]
 - whistle    n.口哨，口哨声；汽笛声；v.吹口哨    [whis-tle]

***** musical instruments 417

 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 - cello    n.大提琴    [cel-lo]
 + clarion    a.声音高而清晰的；n.尖音小号声；尖音小号    [clar-i-on]
 - gong    n.锣    [gong]
 + harp    n.竖琴；v.喋喋不休地说或写    [harp]
 + harpsichord    n.键琴(钢琴前身)    [harp-si-chord]
 - horn    n.角，角质；喇叭    [horn]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 - orchestra    n.管弦乐队    [or-ches-tra]
 - piano    a.(音乐)轻柔的    [pi-a-no]
 - rattle    v.使格格作响；使慌乱    [rat-tle]
 - reed    n.芦苇；簧片    [reed]
 + tambourine    n.铃鼓，手鼓    [tam-bou-rine]
 - tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]
 + trumpet    n.喇叭，小号    [trum-pet]
 - whistle    n.口哨，口哨声；汽笛声；v.吹口哨    [whis-tle]

**** (IV) Perception Of Sound

***** hearing 418

 + acoustic    a.听觉的，有关声音的    [a-cous-tic]
 + audience    n.听众，观众；读者    [au-di-ence]
 - earshot    n.听力所及范围    [ear-shot]
 + eavesdrop    v.偷听，窃听    [eaves-drop]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 - lug    v./n.拖，拉    [lug]
 + stethoscope    n.听诊器    [steth-o-scope]
 + stylus    n.铁笔    [sty-lus]

***** deafness 419



**** (6) light

**** (I) Light in General

***** light 420

 - beam    n.(房屋等)大梁；光线    [beam]
 - breadth    n.宽度    [breadth]
 + effulgent    a.灿烂的    [ef-ful-gent]
 + enlighten    v.启发，开导，教导，授予…知识    [en-light-en]
 + explicate    v.详细解说    [ex-pli-cate]
 - flare    n./v.(火焰)摇曳，闪耀    [flare]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 + garish    a.俗丽的，过于艳丽的    [gar-ish]
 + glare    v.发出眩目光芒；怒目而视    [glare]
 + glimmer    v.发微光；n.摇曳的微光    [glim-mer]
 + glisten    v.闪烁，闪耀    [glis-ten]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - glossy    a.光泽的，光滑的    [gloss-y]
 - glow    v./n.光亮，发热；(脸)红    [glow]
 + graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 + halo    n.(日、月等)晕，神像之光环    [ha-lo]
 + illuminate    v.阐明，解释；照亮    [il-lu-mi-nate]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 + lucid    a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的    [lu-cid]
 + lustrous    a.有光泽的    [lus-trous]
 - meteoric    a.流星的；昙花一现的    [me-te-or-ic]
 - orient    a.上升的；v.确定方向；使熟悉情况    [o-ri-ent]
 - refraction    n.折射    [re-frac-tion]
 + refulgent    a.辉煌的，灿烂的    [re-ful-gent]
 + resplendent    a.华丽的，辉煌的    [re-splend-ent]
 - spark    n.火花，火星    [spark]
 + splendor    n.壮丽；辉煌    [splen-dor]
 - streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - vivid    a.清晰的，鲜艳的；大胆的，活泼的，逼真的    [viv-id]

***** darkness 421

 + adumbrate    v.(对将来事件)预示    [ad-um-brate]
 + dim    v.使暗淡，使模糊    [dim]
 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 - extinction    n.熄灭；消灭    [ex-tinc-tion]
 - extinguish    v.使…熄灭；使…不复存在    [ex-tin-guish]
 + gloom    n.黑暗；忧郁    [gloom]
 + gloomy    a.阴暗的；没有希望的；阴郁的    [gloom-y]
 + lurid    a.耀眼的；骇人听闻的    [lu-rid]
 + murky    a.黑暗的；朦胧的    [murk-y]
 - nocturnal    a.夜晚的，夜间发生的    [noc-tur-nal]
 + obfuscate    v.使困惑，使迷惑    [ob-fus-cate]
 + obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 + obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]
 + overshadow    v.遮蔽，使失色    [o-ver-shad-ow]
 + somber    a.忧郁的；阴暗的    [som-ber]

***** dimness 422

 - dim    v.使暗淡，使模糊    [dim]
 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 - glimmer    v.发微光；n.摇曳的微光    [glim-mer]
 + lackluster    a.无光泽的；呆滞的    [lack-lus-ter]
 - loom    n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现    [loom]
 - lurid    a.耀眼的；骇人听闻的    [lu-rid]
 - nebulous    a.模糊不清的；云状的    [neb-u-lous]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]

***** luminary 423

 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 + chandelier    n.枝形吊灯(烛台)    [chan-de-lier]
 - constellation    n.星座，星群    [con-stel-la-tion]
 + firefly    n.萤火虫    [fire-fly]
 + fluorescent    a.萤光的，发光的    [flu-o-res-cent]
 - galaxy    n.(银河)星群；显赫的人群    [gal-ax-y]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 - illuminate    v.阐明，解释；照亮    [il-lu-mi-nate]
 - lumen    n.流明(光通量单位)    [lu-men]
 + luminary    n.杰出人物，名人    [lu-mi-nar-y]
 - spark    n.火花，火星    [spark]
 - taper    n.细蜡烛；v.(长形物体的)逐渐变细    [ta-per]
 - wick    n.蜡烛芯；灯芯    [wick]

***** shade 424

 - awning    n.遮阳蓬，雨蓬    [awn-ing]
 - glade    n.林中的空地    [glade]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 + umbrage    n.不快，愤怒    [um-brage]
 - veil    n.面纱；遮蔽物，掩蔽物；v.以面纱掩盖    [veil]

***** transparency 425

 + clarity    n.清楚    [clar-i-ty]
 + diaphanous    a.精致的，透明的    [di-aph-a-nous]
 + limpid    a.清澈的；透明的    [lim-pid]
 - lucid    a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的    [lu-cid]
 + pellucid    a.清晰的，清澈的    [pel-lu-cid]
 + revealing    a.暴露的，裸露的；揭露性的    [revealing]
 + serene    a.清澈的，晴朗的，安静的    [se-rene]
 + translucent    a.(半)透明的    [trans-lu-cent]
 + transparent    a.透明的；直率的    [trans-par-ent]

***** opacity 426

 - dim    v.使暗淡，使模糊    [dim]
 - murky    a.黑暗的；朦胧的    [murk-y]
 - obfuscate    v.使困惑，使迷惑    [ob-fus-cate]
 + opacity    n.不透明性，晦涩    [o-pac-i-ty]
 + opaque    a.不透明的；难懂的    [o-paque]
 - vaporous    a.无实质的    [va-por-ous]

***** turbidity 426.a

 - murky    a.黑暗的；朦胧的    [murk-y]
 - obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]
 - vaporous    a.无实质的    [va-por-ous]

***** semitransparency 427

 + opalescence    n.(不透明的)乳白光    [opalescence]
 - translucent    a.(半)透明的    [trans-lu-cent]

**** (II) Specific Light

***** color 428

 - acorn    n.橡子，橡果    [a-corn]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - chromatic    a.彩色的，五彩的    [chro-mat-ic]
 + coloration    n.着色法，染色法；颜色，色泽    [col-or-a-tion]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 + florid    a.华丽的；(脸)红润的    [flor-id]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - garish    a.俗丽的，过于艳丽的    [gar-ish]
 + gaudy    a.俗丽的    [gaud-y]
 - glow    v./n.光亮，发热；(脸)红    [glow]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 + hue    n.色彩，色泽    [hue]
 - illuminate    v.阐明，解释；照亮    [il-lu-mi-nate]
 - imbue    v.灌输(某人)强烈的情感或意见    [im-bue]
 - maize    n.玉米    [maize]
 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 + melon    n.甜瓜    [mel-on]
 + monochromatic    a.单色的    [mon-o-chro-mat-ic]
 - mordant    a.讥讽的，尖酸的    [mor-dant]
 + pastel    n.彩色粉笔或蜡笔画；柔和的色彩    [pas-tel]
 + pigment    n.天然色素；干粉颜料    [pig-ment]
 + raisin    n.葡萄干    [rai-sin]
 + spectrum    n.光谱；范围    [spec-trum]
 + stain    v.玷污；染色    [stain]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 + tint    n.色泽；v.给…淡淡地着色    [tint]
 - vivid    a.清晰的，鲜艳的；大胆的，活泼的，逼真的    [viv-id]

***** achromatism 429

 + blanch    v.使变白；使(脸色)变苍白    [blanch]
 + bleach    v.漂白    [bleach]
 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 - lackluster    a.无光泽的；呆滞的    [lack-lus-ter]
 + monochrome    a.单色的，单色画的    [mon-o-chrome]
 + pallid    a.苍白的，没血色的    [pal-lid]
 + tarnish    n./v.失去光泽，晦暗    [tar-nish]
 + wan    a.虚弱的；病态的    [wan]

***** whiteness 430

 + alabaster    a.雪白的    [al-a-bas-ter]
 - blanch    v.使变白；使(脸色)变苍白    [blanch]
 - bleach    v.漂白    [bleach]
 + candid    a.率直的    [can-did]
 - hoary    a.(头发)灰白的；古老的    [hoar-y]
 + ivory    n.象牙，长牙    [i-vo-ry]
 - lactic    a.乳汁的    [lac-tic]
 - milk    v.榨取    [milk]

***** blackness 431

 + blotch    n.(皮肤上的)红斑点；(墨水等)大斑点    [blotch]
 - buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 + denigrate    v.污蔑，诽谤    [den-i-grate]
 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 - murky    a.黑暗的；朦胧的    [murk-y]
 - nocturnal    a.夜晚的，夜间发生的    [noc-tur-nal]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 - somber    a.忧郁的；阴暗的    [som-ber]
 - soot    n.黑烟灰，油烟    [soot]

***** gray 432

 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 + drab    a.枯黄色的；无聊的    [drab]
 + ferrous    a.含铁的    [fer-rous]
 - somber    a.忧郁的；阴暗的    [som-ber]

***** brown 433

 + maroon    n./a.栗色(的)    [ma-roon]
 + tan    v.鞣(革)    [tan]

***** redness 434

 + blush    v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕    [blush]
 + extrovert    n.性格外向者    [ex-tro-vert]
 - florid    a.华丽的；(脸)红润的    [flor-id]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - inflamed    a.发炎的    [in-flamed]
 - lurid    a.耀眼的；骇人听闻的    [lu-rid]
 + magenta    n./a.紫红色(的)；n.紫红色的染料    [ma-gen-ta]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - maroon    n./a.栗色(的)    [ma-roon]
 - melon    n.甜瓜    [mel-on]
 - raisin    n.葡萄干    [rai-sin]
 + rubicund    a.(脸色)红润的    [ru-bi-cund]
 - salmon    n.大麻哈鱼；鲜肉色    [salm-on]
 + sanguine    a.乐观的    [san-guine]

***** greenness 435

 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 + novice    n.生手，新手    [nov-ice]
 - verdant    a.青葱的，翠绿的    [ver-dant]
 + verdigris    n.铜锈，铜绿    [ver-di-gris]

***** yellowness 436

 - fallow    n.休耕地；a.(土地)休耕的    [fal-low]
 + jaundice    n.偏见；黄疸    [jaun-dice]
 + jaundiced    a.有偏见的    [jaun-diced]

***** purple 437

 + mauve    a.淡紫色的    [mauve]
 + violet    a.紫罗兰色的；n.紫罗兰    [vi-o-let]

***** blueness 438

 + blue    a.忧伤的，沮丧的    [blue]
 - retiring    a.隐居的，不喜欢社交的    [re-tir-ing]
 + sapphire    n.青石，蓝宝石；a.天蓝色的    [sap-phire]
 + turquoise    n.绿松石；a.碧绿的    [tur-quoise]

***** orange 439

 - gild    v.镀金；虚饰    [gild]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]

***** variegation 440

 - braid    n.穗子；发辫；v.编成辫子    [braid]
 - chameleon    n.变色龙，蜥蜴；善变之人    [cha-me-le-on]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 + crochet    n.钩针织物；v.用钩针编织    [cro-chet]
 + dappled    a.有斑点的，斑驳的    [dap-pled]
 + embroider    v.刺绣，修饰    [em-broi-der]
 + iridescent    a.闪彩光的，现晕光的    [ir-i-des-cent]
 + maculated    a.有斑点的    [mac-u-lat-ed]
 - marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]
 - monochromatic    a.单色的    [mon-o-chro-mat-ic]
 - mosaic    n.马赛克；镶嵌细工(把小块玻璃石头等镶嵌成图画)    [mo-sa-ic]
 - motley    a.混杂的；杂色的    [mot-ley]
 + mottled    a.有杂色的，斑驳的    [mot-tled]
 + pied    a.杂色的    [pied]
 - spectrum    n.光谱；范围    [spec-trum]
 + stipple    v.点画，点描    [stip-ple]
 - streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 + striate    v.在…加上条纹    [stri-ate]
 - striated    a.有条纹的    [stri-at-ed]
 + variegate    v.使…多样化    [var-i-e-gate]
 + variegation    n.杂色，班驳    [var-i-e-ga-tion]

**** (III) Perceptions of Light

***** vision 441

 - arena    n.(角斗的)竞技场    [a-re-na]
 + contemplate    v.深思    [con-tem-plate]
 + descry    v.远远看到，望见    [de-scry]
 + discern    v.(费劲)识别，看出    [dis-cern]
 + espionage    n.间谍活动    [es-pi-o-nage]
 + espy    v.(从远处等)突然看到    [es-py]
 + gaze    v./n.凝视，注视    [gaze]
 + glance    v./n.一瞥    [glance]
 - glare    v.发出眩目光芒；怒目而视    [glare]
 + gloat    v.幸灾乐祸地看，窃喜    [gloat]
 + grandstand    n.大看台；v.哗众取宠    [grand-stand]
 - hawk    n.隼，鹰    [hawk]
 + ken    n.视野范围；知识范围    [ken]
 + leer    v.斜眼看，送秋波    [leer]
 - loophole    n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔    [loop-hole]
 + ogle    v.送秋波；n.媚眼    [o-gle]
 - peer    n.同等之人，同辈    [peer]
 + periscope    n.潜望镜    [per-i-scope]
 + pry    v.刺探；撬开    [pry]
 + reconnaissance    n.侦察，预先探索    [re-con-nais-sance]
 + speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 + squint    v.斜视    [squint]
 - vista    n.远景；展望    [vis-ta]
 + witness    n.目击者；v.目击    [wit-ness]

***** blindness 442

 + hoodwink    v.蒙混，欺骗    [hood-wink]
 + wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]

***** dimsightedness 443

 + apparition    n.幽灵，神奇的现象    [ap-pa-ri-tion]
 - glare    v.发出眩目光芒；怒目而视    [glare]
 + glower    v.怒目而视    [glow-er]
 + hemophilia    n.血友病，出血不止    [he-mo-phil-i-a]
 + illusion    n.假象，错觉    [il-lu-sion]
 - loom    n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现    [loom]
 + mirage    n.幻影，海市蜃楼    [mi-rage]
 + myopia    n.近视；缺乏远见    [my-o-pi-a]
 + myopic    a.近视眼的；缺乏辨别力的    [my-op-ic]
 - phantom    n.鬼怪，幽灵；幻像    [phan-tom]
 - refraction    n.折射    [re-frac-tion]
 + specter    n.鬼魂，幽灵；恐惧    [spec-ter]
 - spectrum    n.光谱；范围    [spec-trum]
 - squint    v.斜视    [squint]
 - wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]

***** spectator 444

 + beholder    n.目睹者，旁观者    [be-hold-er]
 - bystander    n.旁观者    [by-stand-er]
 + sentinel    n.哨兵，卫兵    [sen-ti-nel]
 + spectator    n.观众，观看者    [spec-ta-tor]
 - witness    n.目击者；v.目击    [wit-ness]

***** optical instruments 445

 + kaleidoscope    n.万花筒；产生有趣的对称效果    [ka-lei-do-scope]
 - microscope    n.显微镜    [mi-cro-scope]
 + monocle    n.单片眼镜    [mon-o-cle]

***** visibility 446

 + conspicuous    a.显著的，显而易见的    [con-spic-u-ous]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 + discernible    a.可识别的，依稀可辨的    [dis-cern-i-ble]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 - exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 - glare    v.发出眩目光芒；怒目而视    [glare]
 - glimmer    v.发微光；n.摇曳的微光    [glim-mer]
 - loom    n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现    [loom]
 + manifestation    n.表明，显示    [man-i-fes-ta-tion]
 - materialize    v.赋予形体，使具体化；实现    [ma-te-ri-al-ize]
 + obvious    a.明显的，显而易见的    [ob-vi-ous]
 - palpable    a.可触知的，明显的    [pal-pa-ble]
 - peer    n.同等之人，同辈    [peer]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - spartan    a.简朴的；刻苦的    [spartan]

***** invisibility 447

 - conceal    v.隐藏，隐瞒    [con-ceal]
 - covert    a.秘密的，隐密的    [cov-ert]
 - dim    v.使暗淡，使模糊    [dim]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 + lurk    v.潜伏，埋伏    [lurk]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]

***** appearance 448

 - aspect    n.(问题等的)方面；面貌，外表    [as-pect]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 - exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 - guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 + insignia    n.徽章，袖章    [in-sig-ni-a]
 + ostensible    a.表面上的    [os-ten-si-ble]
 - outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 + pageant    n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧    [pag-eant]
 + panorama    n.概观，全景    [pan-o-ra-ma]
 + perspective    n.(判断事物的)角度，方法；透视法    [per-spec-tive]
 - phantom    n.鬼怪，幽灵；幻像    [phan-tom]
 - profile    n.外形；轮廓侧面像    [pro-file]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]
 + stance    n.站姿；立场    [stance]
 + superficiality    n.浅薄    [superficiality]
 - vantage    n.优势，有利地位    [van-tage]
 - vista    n.远景；展望    [vis-ta]

***** disappearance 449

 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 + efface    v.擦掉，抹去    [ef-face]
 - evanescent    a.迅速消失的，短暂的    [ev-a-nes-cent]
 - evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 - vaporize    v.(使)蒸发    [va-por-ize]

* Class IV. Words Relating to the Intellectual Faculties

* Division I. Formation of Ideas

** Section I. Operations of Intellect in General

***** intellect 450

 - anthropologist    n.人类学家    [an-thro-pol-o-gist]
 + appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 + cerebral    a.大脑的；深思的    [cer-e-bral]
 + conception    n.概念；开始    [con-cep-tion]
 - demography    n.人口统计，人口学    [de-mog-ra-phy]
 + highbrow    n.自以为文化修养很高的人    [high-brow]
 + ideology    n.思想体系，思想意识，意识形态    [i-de-ol-o-gy]
 + intellect    n.智力，思维能力    [in-tel-lect]
 + intellectual    a.智力的，理智的；n.知识分子    [in-tel-lec-tu-al]
 + intuition    n.直觉    [in-tu-i-tion]
 + metaphysical    a.形而上学的，玄学的    [met-a-phys-i-cal]
 + metaphysics    n.形而上学，玄学    [met-a-phys-ics]
 + paranoid    a.偏执狂的，过分怀疑的    [par-a-noid]
 + psyche    n.心智，精神    [psy-che]
 + psychology    n.心理学，心理状态    [psy-chol-o-gy]
 + ratiocination    n.推理；推论    [ra-ti-oc-i-na-tion]
 - rational    a.理性的；合理的    [ra-tion-al]
 - spiritual    a.精神的    [spir-it-u-al]
 - subjective    a.主观的，想象的    [sub-jec-tive]
 + subliminal    a.潜意识的    [sub-lim-i-nal]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

***** absence of Intellect 450.a

 - asparagus    [植]芦笋，龙须菜(可作蔬菜)    [as-par-a-gus]
 - mimic    v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人    [mim-ic]

***** thought 451

 + application    n.请求，申请；应用，应用程序    [ap-pli-ca-tion]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 + cogitate    v.慎重思考，思索    [cog-i-tate]
 + commune    n.公社；v.与某人亲密地交谈    [com-mune]
 - contemplate    v.深思    [con-tem-plate]
 - deliberate    a.深思熟虑的，故意的；v.慎重考虑    [de-lib-er-ate]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 + introspective    a.自省的    [in-tro-spec-tive]
 + meditate    v.沉思，反省    [med-i-tate]
 + meditation    n.沉思，冥想    [med-i-ta-tion]
 + meditative    a.沉思的，善于思考的    [meditative]
 + muse    v.沉思，冥想    [muse]
 + ponder    v.仔细考虑    [pon-der]
 - ratiocination    n.推理；推论    [ra-ti-oc-i-na-tion]
 - reflect    v.反射；仔细考虑    [re-flect]
 + reverie    n.幻想，梦幻曲    [rev-er-ie]
 - ruminant    a.(动物)反刍的；沉思的    [ru-mi-nant]
 + sedate    a.镇静的    [se-date]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 + speculative    a.投机的；推理的，思索的    [spec-u-la-tive]
 + wistful    a.惆怅的，渴望的    [wist-ful]

***** incogitancy 452

 + fatuity    n.愚蠢，愚昧    [fa-tu-i-ty]
 - incogitant    a.无思想的，考虑不周的    [in-cog-i-tant]
 - vacuous    a.发呆的，愚笨的    [vac-u-ous]

***** idea 453

 - archetype    n.原型；典型例子    [ar-che-type]
 + conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 - conception    n.概念；开始    [con-cep-tion]
 - ethos    n.(个人、团体或民族)道德风貌，思潮，信仰    [e-thos]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 + perception    n.感觉；洞察力    [per-cep-tion]
 + sentiment    n.多愁善感；思想感情    [sen-ti-ment]

***** topic 454

 - motif    n.(作品)主题，主旨    [mo-tif]
 - motility    n.运动性    [mo-til-i-ty]
 + proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - thesis    n.论题，论文    [the-sis]

** Section II. Precursory Conditions and Operations

***** curiosity 455

 - gape    v.裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视    [gape]
 + inquisitive    a.过分好问的；好奇的    [in-quis-i-tive]
 - intellectual    a.智力的，理智的；n.知识分子    [in-tel-lec-tu-al]
 + lionize    v.崇拜，看重    [li-on-ize]
 - pry    v.刺探；撬开    [pry]
 + sampler    n.刺绣花样；取样员    [sam-pler]

***** incuriosity 456

 - aloof    a.冷淡的，疏远的    [a-loof]
 + boredom    n.厌烦；令人厌烦的事物    [bore-dom]
 - detached    a.分开的；超然的    [de-tached]
 + ennui    n.倦怠，无聊；v.使无聊    [en-nui]
 + foreknowledge    n.预知    [fore-knowl-edge]
 + impassive    a.无动于衷的，冷漠的    [im-pas-sive]
 + indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]

***** attention 457

 + alert    a.警惕的，机警的; n.警报    [a-lert]
 - contemplate    v.深思    [con-tem-plate]
 - diligence    n.勤勉，勤奋    [dil-i-gence]
 - eavesdrop    v.偷听，窃听    [eaves-drop]
 - glance    v./n.一瞥    [glance]
 + hearken    v.倾听    [heark-en]
 + heed    v.注意，留心；n.关心    [heed]
 - indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 + inspection    n.检查，细看    [in-spec-tion]
 + intent    a.专心的，渴望的；n.目的，意向    [in-tent]
 + obsessed    a.心神不宁的    [obsessed]
 - overhaul    v.彻底检查；大修    [o-ver-haul]
 + rapt    a.专心致志的，全神贯注的    [rapt]
 - revert    v.恢复，回复到；重新考虑    [re-vert]
 + revise    n./v.改变，修正    [re-vise]
 + riveting    a.非常精彩的    [riv-et-ing]
 + scrutinize    v.详细检查；细读    [scru-ti-nize]
 - skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 - steadfast    a.忠实的；不变的    [stead-fast]

***** inattention 458

 - abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 + bewilder    v.迷惑，混乱    [be-wil-der]
 - cursory    a.粗略的，草率的    [cur-so-ry]
 - discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 - disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 + disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 + distracted    a.心烦意乱的，精神不集中的    [dis-tract-ed]
 + feckless    a.无目标无计划的    [feck-less]
 + giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 + inadvertence    n.漫不经心    [in-ad-vert-ence]
 + inadvertently    adv.不小心地，非故意地    [in-ad-vert-ent-ly]
 + listless    a.无精打采的    [list-less]
 - offhand    adv./a.事先无准备地(的)；随便地(的)    [off-hand]
 + overlook    v.忽视；俯视    [o-ver-look]
 + preoccupation    n.全神贯注；使人专注的东西    [pre-oc-cu-pa-tion]
 - rapt    a.专心致志的，全神贯注的    [rapt]
 - reverie    n.幻想，梦幻曲    [rev-er-ie]
 - superficiality    n.浅薄    [superficiality]

***** care 459

 + accuracy    n.精确，准确    [ac-cu-ra-cy]
 + accurate    a.精确的，准确的    [ac-cu-rate]
 - alert    a.警惕的，机警的; n.警报    [a-lert]
 - gingerly    adj./adv.小心的(地)；谨慎的(地)    [gin-ger-ly]
 - heed    v.注意，留心；n.关心    [heed]
 + oversee    v.监督    [o-ver-see]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 + provident    a.深谋远虑的；节俭的    [prov-i-dent]
 + prudence    n.谨慎，小心    [pru-dence]
 + prudent    a.审慎的，三思而后行的，精明的    [pru-dent]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 + solicitude    n.关怀，牵挂    [so-lic-i-tude]
 - tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 + vigilant    a.机警的，警惕的    [vig-i-lant]
 - wistful    a.惆怅的，渴望的    [wist-ful]

***** neglect 460

 + connive    v.默许；纵容    [con-nive]
 - default    v./n.拖债；未履行的责任    [de-fault]
 - disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 + distract    v.分心，转移；使发狂，困扰    [dis-tract]
 - divert    v.使某事物转向；使娱乐    [di-vert]
 + improvident    a.无远见的，不节俭的    [im-prov-i-dent]
 + imprudent    a.轻率的；不智的    [im-pru-dent]
 + insouciant    a.漫不经心的    [in-sou-ci-ant]
 + negligence    n.粗心，疏忽    [neg-li-gence]
 + nonchalance    n.冷漠，缺少关怀；沉着    [non-cha-lance]
 - offhand    adv./a.事先无准备地(的)；随便地(的)    [off-hand]
 - omit    v.省略，遗漏；疏忽    [o-mit]
 - overlook    v.忽视；俯视    [o-ver-look]
 - perfunctorily    adv.敷衍地，潦草地，表面地    [per-func-to-ri-ly]
 - perfunctory    a.草率的，敷衍的    [per-func-to-ry]
 + remiss    a.疏忽的，不留心的    [re-miss]
 - shelve    v.搁置    [shelve]
 - skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 + skimp    v.节省花费    [skimp]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + slur    v.含糊不清地讲    [slur]
 - supine    a.仰卧的；懒散的    [su-pine]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 - trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 + unnoticed    a.不引人注意的    [un-no-ticed]
 - wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]

***** inquiry 461

 - agitate    v.搅动，煽动；使不安，使焦虑    [ag-i-tate]
 - analyze    v.分析，分解    [an-a-lyze]
 - audit    v.审计，核对；旁听    [au-dit]
 + canvass    v.细查；拉选票    [can-vass]
 + demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - dissect    v.解剖    [dis-sect]
 - dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - espionage    n.间谍活动    [es-pi-o-nage]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 + ferret    n.雪貂；v.用雪貂猎取；搜寻    [fer-ret]
 + induction    n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳    [in-duc-tion]
 + inquiry    n.询问    [in-quir-y]
 - inquisitive    a.过分好问的；好奇的    [in-quis-i-tive]
 - inspection    n.检查，细看    [in-spec-tion]
 + interrogate    v.审问，审讯    [in-ter-ro-gate]
 + interrogative    a.疑问的    [in-ter-rog-a-tive]
 + investigate    v.调查    [in-ves-ti-gate]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - overhaul    v.彻底检查；大修    [o-ver-haul]
 + parse    v.对…作语法分析    [parse]
 - peer    n.同等之人，同辈    [peer]
 + pollster    n.民意测验家    [poll-ster]
 - probe    v.探索，探测    [probe]
 - pry    v.刺探；撬开    [pry]
 - pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]
 + quest    v.搜寻，探求；n.探求    [quest]
 - reconnaissance    n.侦察，预先探索    [re-con-nais-sance]
 + request    n.要求，请求；v.要求，请求    [re-quest]
 - sampler    n.刺绣花样；取样员    [sam-pler]
 - scrutinize    v.详细检查；细读    [scru-ti-nize]
 - sift    v.筛，过滤    [sift]
 + track    n.足迹，踪迹；轨道；小道；v.跟踪    [track]
 - unearth    v.挖出；发现    [un-earth]
 - winnow    v.把(谷物)的杂质吹掉，扬去    [win-now]

***** answer 462

 + acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 + oracle    n.代神发布神谕的人    [or-a-cle]
 + rebuttal    n.反驳，反证    [re-but-tal]
 + repartee    n.机灵的回答    [rep-ar-tee]
 + respondent    n.被告    [re-spond-ent]
 + response    n.反应，响应，回答    [re-sponse]
 + responsive    a.敏感的，反应快的    [re-spon-sive]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]

***** experiment 463

 + assay    v./n.试验，测定    [as-say]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 + criterion    n.评判的标准，尺度    [cri-te-ri-on]
 + empirical    a.经验的，实证的    [em-pir-i-cal]
 + empiricism    n.经验主义    [em-pir-i-cism]
 - fumble    v.摸索，笨拙搜寻；弄乱，搞糟    [fum-ble]
 - grope    v.摸索，探索    [grope]
 - induction    n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳    [in-duc-tion]
 + ordeal    n.严峻考验，痛苦经验    [or-deal]
 - poll    n.民意测验；选举投票    [poll]
 - probe    v.探索，探测    [probe]
 + protocol    n.外交礼节；协议，草案    [pro-to-col]
 - provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 + reagent    n.试剂(导致化学反应)    [re-a-gent]
 - rehearse    v.排练，预演；详述    [re-hearse]
 - speculative    a.投机的；推理的，思索的    [spec-u-la-tive]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 + tentative    a.试探性的，尝试性的    [ten-ta-tive]
 + verify    v.证明，证实    [ver-i-fy]

***** comparison 464

 + allegory    n.寓言    [al-le-go-ry]
 - analogy    n.相似；类比    [a-nal-o-gy]
 - collate    v.对照，核对    [col-late]
 - comparison    n.比较，对照；比喻    [com-par-i-son]
 - confront    v.面临；对抗    [con-front]
 - contrast    v./n.对比    [con-trast]
 - juxtapose    v.并排，并置    [jux-ta-pose]
 - liken    v.把…比作…    [lik-en]
 - parallel    a.平行的；类似的；n.平行线；v.与…相似    [par-al-lel]

***** incomparability 464.a

 - incommensurate    a.不成比例的，不相称的    [in-com-men-su-rate]

***** discrimination 465

 + critique    n.批评性的分析    [cri-tique]
 - discriminate    v.区分    [dis-crim-i-nate]
 - distinction    n.区别，差别；知名    [dis-tinc-tion]
 - distinctive    a.出众的，有特色的    [dis-tinc-tive]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 + nicety    n.准确，精确    [ni-ce-ty]
 + nitpick    v.挑剔，吹毛求疵    [nitpick]
 + quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 - separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]
 - sift    v.筛，过滤    [sift]
 - tact    n.机智；圆滑    [tact]

***** indiscrimination 465.a

 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]

***** identification 465.b

 - classify    v.分类，归类    [clas-si-fy]
 + cognizance    n.认识，察识，知识    [cog-ni-zance]
 + recall    v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回    [re-call]

***** measurement 466

 + appraise    v.评价，鉴定    [ap-praise]
 + appreciable    a.明显的    [ap-pre-ci-a-ble]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 - assay    v./n.试验，测定    [as-say]
 + assess    v.确定，评定；估计…的质量    [as-sess]
 + assessment    n.估计，评价    [as-sess-ment]
 + astrolabe    n.星盘(古代星位观测仪)    [as-tro-labe]
 - barometer    n.气压计；晴雨表    [ba-rom-e-ter]
 + calipers    n.测径器，双脚规    [calipers]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 + comprehensible    a.能充分理解的    [com-pre-hen-si-ble]
 + draftsmanship    n.起草术，制图术    [drafts-man-ship]
 + evaluation    n.评价，评估    [e-val-u-a-tion]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 + gauge    n.标准规格；测量仪；v.测量    [gauge]
 - landmark    n.陆标；里程碑    [land-mark]
 + mete    v.给予，分配；测量；n.边界    [mete]
 + metrical    a.测量的；韵律的    [met-ri-cal]
 - odometer    n.(汽车)里程表    [o-dom-e-ter]
 + parameter    n.参量，变量    [pa-ram-e-ter]
 - plumb    adv.精确地；v.深入了解；测水深    [plumb]
 - ponderable    a.可估量的    [pon-der-a-ble]
 - probe    v.探索，探测    [probe]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - span    n.跨度；两个界限间的距离    [span]
 - watershed    n.分水岭，转折点    [wa-ter-shed]

** Section III. Materials for Reasoning

***** evidence 467

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 + allege    v.(无证据)陈述，宣称    [al-lege]
 + appeal    v.恳求；吸引；上诉    [ap-peal]
 + attest    (to)v.证明    [at-test]
 + certification    n.证明    [cer-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - cite    v.引用，引述    [cite]
 + confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 + corroborate    v.支持或证实；强化    [cor-rob-o-rate]
 - criterion    n.评判的标准，尺度    [cri-te-ri-on]
 + deed    n.行为；(土地或建筑物的)转让契约、证书    [deed]
 + depose    v.免职；作证    [de-pose]
 - deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 + document    v.为…提供书面证明    [doc-u-ment]
 + evince    v.表明，表示    [e-vince]
 - grounded    a.有理由的；adv.地面上    [grounded]
 - indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 + indicative    a.暗示的    [in-dic-a-tive]
 + plead    v.恳求，提出…为理由    [plead]
 - quote    v.引用，引述    [quote]
 + ratification    n.正式批准    [ratification]
 - repose    n./v.躺着休息，安睡    [re-pose]
 + substantiate    v.证实，确证    [sub-stan-ti-ate]
 + testify    v.见证，证实    [tes-ti-fy]
 + testimony    n.证言，证明    [tes-ti-mo-ny]
 - undergird    v.加强    [un-der-gird]
 - uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]
 + validate    v.使…生效    [val-i-date]
 - verify    v.证明，证实    [ver-i-fy]
 + warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 + warranty    n.保证；辩解；有正当理由；批准    [war-ran-ty]
 - witness    n.目击者；v.目击    [wit-ness]

***** counter evidence 468

 - contradict    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tra-dict]
 - contradictory    a.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的    [con-tra-dic-to-ry]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 + disproof    n.反证，反驳    [dis-proof]
 - mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 + negation    n.否定，拒绝    [ne-ga-tion]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 - subvert    v.颠覆，推翻    [sub-vert]

***** qualification 469

 + allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 - discount    n.折扣    [dis-count]
 + equivocate    v.模棱两可地说，支吾其词，说谎    [e-quiv-o-cate]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - exceptional    a.特别(好)的    [ex-cep-tion-al]
 + hypothetical    a.假设的    [hy-po-thet-i-cal]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 - modify    v.修改，变更    [mod-i-fy]
 - modulate    v.调整(音的强弱)    [mod-u-late]
 - parameter    n.参量，变量    [pa-ram-e-ter]
 + prerequisite    n.先决条件    [pre-req-ui-site]
 - provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 - qualified    a.有资格的；有限制的    [qual-i-fied]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 + stipulation    n.规定，约定    [stip-u-la-tion]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - waffle    n.蛋奶烘饼；v.胡扯，唠叨    [waf-fle]

***** possibility 470

 + accessible    a.易达到的；易受影响的    [ac-ces-si-ble]
 - compatible    a.和谐共处的，相容的    [com-pat-i-ble]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 + credible    a.可信的，可靠的    [cred-i-ble]
 + feasible    a.可行的，可能的    [fea-si-ble]
 + obtainable    a.能得到的    [obtainable]

***** impossibility 471

 + absurd    a.荒谬的，可笑的    [ab-surd]
 - desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 - impervious    a.不能渗透的；不为所动的    [im-per-vi-ous]
 + implausible    a.难以置信的    [im-plau-si-ble]
 - incompatible    a.不能和谐共存的    [in-com-pat-i-ble]
 - prodigious    a.巨大的    [pro-di-gious]
 - visionary    a.有远见的；幻想的；n.空想家    [vi-sion-ar-y]

***** probability 472

 - credible    a.可信的，可靠的    [cred-i-ble]
 + flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - odds    n.机会，可能性    [odds]
 - ostensible    a.表面上的    [os-ten-si-ble]
 + plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 + presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]
 - semblance    n.外貌；相似    [sem-blance]
 + specious    a.似是而非的；华而不实的    [spe-cious]

***** improbability 473

 - bizarre    a.奇异的，古怪的    [bi-zarre]

***** certainty 474

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 + assertive    a.过分自信的；有进取心的    [as-ser-tive]
 + assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 + assured    a.自信的；确定的    [as-sured]
 - authentic    a.真正的；法律证实的    [au-then-tic]
 + bigot    n.(宗教、政治等的)盲信者；心胸狭窄者    [big-ot]
 + categorical    a.无条件的，绝对的；分类的    [cat-e-gor-i-cal]
 + certainty    n.确定的事情    [cer-tain-ty]
 + certitude    n.确定无疑    [cer-ti-tude]
 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 + doctrinaire    n.空论家；a.教条的，迂腐的    [doc-tri-naire]
 + dogmatism    n.教条主义，武断    [dog-ma-tism]
 + ensure    v.确保，担保    [en-sure]
 + factual    a.真实的，事实的    [fac-tu-al]
 + gospel    n.教义，信条    [gos-pel]
 - incontrovertible    a.无可辩驳的    [in-con-tro-vert-i-ble]
 + indubitable    a.不容置疑的    [in-du-bi-ta-ble]
 + ineluctable    a.不能逃避的    [in-e-luc-ta-ble]
 + scripture    n.经文，圣典    [scrip-ture]
 + trustworthy    a.值得信赖的，可靠的    [trust-wor-thy]
 + unimpeachable    a.无可指摘的，无可置疑的    [un-im-peach-a-ble]
 + univocal    a.意思明确的    [u-ni-vo-cal]
 - unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]

***** uncertainty 475

 + ambiguous    a.含糊的    [am-big-u-ous]
 - ambivalent    a.(对人或物)有矛盾看法的    [am-biv-a-lent]
 + apocryphal    a.假冒的，虚假的    [a-poc-ry-phal]
 + astray    a.迷路的，误入歧途的    [a-stray]
 - bewilder    v.迷惑，混乱    [be-wil-der]
 - casual    a.偶然的    [cas-u-al]
 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 - dilemma    n.困境，左右为难    [di-lem-ma]
 - distracted    a.心烦意乱的，精神不集中的    [dis-tract-ed]
 + distraught    a.心神狂乱的    [dis-traught]
 + dubious    a.可疑的；名声不大好的    [du-bi-ous]
 + embarrass    v.使忸怩，使难堪    [em-bar-rass]
 + fallibility    n.易于出错，出错性    [fal-li-bil-i-ty]
 + fallible    a.会犯错的，易犯错的    [fal-li-ble]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 - hypothetical    a.假设的    [hy-po-thet-i-cal]
 + ignorant    a.无知的，愚昧的    [ig-no-rant]
 + imprecise    a.不精确的，不严密的    [im-pre-cise]
 + indecisive    a.非决定性的，迟疑不决的    [in-de-ci-sive]
 - indeterminate    a.不确定的，不明确的    [in-de-ter-mi-nate]
 + mystic    a.神秘的，不可思议的；n.神秘主义者    [mys-tic]
 - obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]
 - pose    v.摆姿势；造作    [pose]
 - precarious    a.不稳的，危险的    [pre-car-i-ous]
 - provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 - random    a.没有明确目的、计划或者目标的；偶然的，随便的    [ran-dom]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - suspense    n.悬念；挂念    [sus-pense]
 + ticklish    a.怕痒的；易怒的    [tick-lish]
 + timidity    n.胆怯    [ti-mid-i-ty]
 + unsubstantiated    a.未经证实的，无事实根据的    [un-sub-stan-ti-at-ed]
 - untold    a.无数的，数不清的    [un-told]
 + vague    a.模糊的    [vague]

** Section IV. Reasoning Processes

***** reasoning 476

 - canvass    v.细查；拉选票    [can-vass]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 + contend    v.与对手竞争；据理力争    [con-tend]
 + contention    n.争论；论点    [con-ten-tion]
 + controversial    a.引起或可能引起争论的    [con-tro-ver-sial]
 + controvert    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tro-vert]
 + debate    n.正式的辩论，讨论    [de-bate]
 + deductive    a.推理的，演绎的    [de-duc-tive]
 - dilemma    n.困境，左右为难    [di-lem-ma]
 - discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 + dispute    v.争论    [dis-pute]
 - induction    n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳    [in-duc-tion]
 + infer    v.推断，推定    [in-fer]
 - inquiry    n.询问    [in-quir-y]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + polemical    a.挑起论战的    [polemical]
 + postulate    v.假定；要求    [pos-tu-late]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 - proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - ratiocination    n.推理；推论    [ra-ti-oc-i-na-tion]
 - synthesis    n.综合，合成    [syn-the-sis]
 + wrangler    n.口角者，争论者；牧马者    [wran-gler]

***** intuition 477

 + assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 + astrology    n.占星术；占星学    [as-trol-o-gy]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 + cavil    v.挑毛病，吹毛求疵    [cav-il]
 + chicanery    n.诡计，狡诈    [chi-can-er-y]
 + elude    v.逃避；搞不清    [e-lude]
 - equivocate    v.模棱两可地说，支吾其词，说谎    [e-quiv-o-cate]
 + equivocation    n.模棱两可的话，含糊话    [e-quiv-o-ca-tion]
 + evade    v.逃避；规避    [e-vade]
 + evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 + evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 + fallacious    a.欺骗的；谬误的    [fal-la-cious]
 + fallacy    n.谬误，错误    [fal-la-cy]
 - fallible    a.会犯错的，易犯错的    [fal-li-ble]
 - feeble    a.虚弱的    [fee-ble]
 - flimsy    a.轻而薄的；脆弱的    [flim-sy]
 + frivolous    a.轻薄的，轻佻的    [friv-o-lous]
 + gratuitous    a.无缘无故的；免费的    [gra-tu-i-tous]
 - hunch    n.直觉，预感    [hunch]
 + illusive    a.迷惑人的，迷幻的    [il-lu-sive]
 - illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 + inconsequential    a.不重要的，微不足道的    [in-con-se-quen-tial]
 - instinctive    a.本能的    [in-stinc-tive]
 - intuition    n.直觉    [in-tu-i-tion]
 + intuitive    a.直觉的    [in-tu-i-tive]
 + misrepresent    v.误传，歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sent]
 + nonsensical    a.荒唐的，无意义的    [non-sen-si-cal]
 - plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 + premonition    n.预感，预兆    [pre-mo-ni-tion]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 + quirk    n.奇事；怪癖    [quirk]
 + sophism    n.诡辩；诡辩法(术)    [soph-ism]
 + sophistry    n.诡辩    [soph-ist-ry]
 - specious    a.似是而非的；华而不实的    [spe-cious]
 + subterfuge    n.诡计，托辞    [sub-ter-fuge]
 + unsound    a.不结实的，不坚固的；无根据的    [un-sound]
 - unsubstantiated    a.未经证实的，无事实根据的    [un-sub-stan-ti-at-ed]
 + unwarranted    a.没有根据的    [un-war-rant-ed]
 - vague    a.模糊的    [vague]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]

***** demonstration 478

 - categorical    a.无条件的，绝对的；分类的    [cat-e-gor-i-cal]
 - cogent    a.有说服力的    [co-gent]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 - confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 + consequential    a.傲慢的，自以为是的    [con-se-quen-tial]
 + conviction    n.判罪；坚信    [con-vic-tion]
 + convince    v.使某人确信；说服    [con-vince]
 - corroborate    v.支持或证实；强化    [cor-rob-o-rate]
 - crucial    a.决定性的    [cru-cial]
 - deductive    a.推理的，演绎的    [de-duc-tive]
 - demonstrate    v.证明，论证；示威    [dem-on-strate]
 + demonstrative    a.证明性的；喜怒形于色的    [de-mon-stra-tive]
 - evince    v.表明，表示    [e-vince]
 + externalize    v.使…表面化    [ex-ter-nal-ize]
 + manifest    a.显然的    [man-i-fest]
 - substantiate    v.证实，确证    [sub-stan-ti-ate]
 - verify    v.证明，证实    [ver-i-fy]

***** confutation 479

 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 - controvert    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tro-vert]
 - conviction    n.判罪；坚信    [con-vic-tion]
 - demolish    v.破坏；拆除    [de-mol-ish]
 - disproof    n.反证，反驳    [dis-proof]
 + disprove    v.证明…有误    [dis-prove]
 + exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 - overthrow    v./n.推翻；终止    [o-ver-throw]
 + parry    v.挡开，避开(武器，问题等)    [par-ry]
 + refute    v.驳斥    [re-fute]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 + undercut    v.削价与(竞争者)抢生意    [un-der-cut]

** Section V. Results Of Reasoning

***** judgment 480

 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 + arbiter    n.权威人士，泰斗    [ar-bi-ter]
 + arbitrate    v.仲裁，公断    [ar-bi-trate]
 - assess    v.确定，评定；估计…的质量    [as-sess]
 - assessment    n.估计，评价    [as-sess-ment]
 + censor    v.审查，检查(书报)    [cen-sor]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 - confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 + connoisseur    n.鉴赏家，行家    [con-nois-seur]
 + critic    n.批评者    [crit-ic]
 - critique    n.批评性的分析    [cri-tique]
 - deduce    v.演绎，推断    [de-duce]
 - determination    n.决心；确定；预测    [de-ter-mi-na-tion]
 - evaluation    n.评价，评估    [e-val-u-a-tion]
 + faultfinder    n.喜欢挑剔的人    [fault-find-er]
 - investigate    v.调查    [in-ves-ti-gate]
 + judicious    a.有判断力的；明智的    [ju-di-cious]
 + referee    n.裁判员；仲裁者    [ref-er-ee]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + umpire    n.裁判；v.对…进行仲裁    [um-pire]
 + verdict    n.判决，决定    [ver-dict]

***** discovery 480.a

 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 + decode    v.译解(密码)    [de-code]
 + detection    n.查出，探获    [de-tec-tion]
 + disclose    v.使某物显露    [dis-close]
 - disinter    v.挖出，挖掘    [dis-in-ter]
 - elicit    v.引出，探出    [e-lic-it]
 - elucidate    v.阐明，说明    [e-lu-ci-date]
 - evolve    v.使逐渐形成，进化    [e-volve]
 - explicate    v.详细解说    [ex-pli-cate]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 - ferret    n.雪貂；v.用雪貂猎取；搜寻    [fer-ret]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 + revelation    n.显示；泄露的事实    [rev-e-la-tion]
 - unearth    v.挖出；发现    [un-earth]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]
 - verify    v.证明，证实    [ver-i-fy]

***** misjudgment 481

 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 + chauvinistic    a.沙文主义的，过分爱国主义的    [chau-vin-is-tic]
 + credulous    a.轻信的，易信的    [cred-u-lous]
 + cronyism    n.任人唯亲；对好朋友的偏袒    [cro-ny-ism]
 + discriminatory    a.歧视的，差别待遇的    [dis-crim-i-na-to-ry]
 - doctrinaire    n.空论家；a.教条的，迂腐的    [doc-tri-naire]
 + fad    n.(流行一时的)狂热，时尚    [fad]
 + fussy    a.爱挑剔的    [fuss-y]
 + infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 - jaundiced    a.有偏见的    [jaun-diced]
 + opinionated    a.固执己见的    [o-pin-ion-at-ed]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 - partiality    n.偏袒，偏心    [par-ti-al-i-ty]
 + predilection    n.偏袒，爱好    [pre-di-lec-tion]
 + prejudice    n.偏见，成见；v.使产生偏见    [prej-u-dice]
 + prestige    n.威信，威望，声望    [pres-tige]
 + presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - quirk    n.奇事；怪癖    [quirk]
 - superficial    a.表面的，肤浅的    [su-per-fi-cial]
 + tendentious    a.有偏见的    [ten-den-tious]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]

***** overestimation 482

 + eulogize    v.称赞，颂扬    [eu-lo-gize]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 + exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 + extol    v.赞美    [ex-tol]
 - magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 + optimism    n.乐观主义    [op-ti-mism]
 + pessimism    n.悲观；悲观主义    [pes-si-mism]
 + vanity    n.虚荣，自负    [van-i-ty]

***** underestimation 483

 + belittle    v.轻视，贬抑    [be-lit-tle]
 - depreciate    v.轻视；贬值    [de-pre-ci-ate]
 + disparage    v.贬抑，轻蔑    [dis-par-age]
 + minimize    v.把…减至最低数量或程度    [min-i-mize]
 - pessimism    n.悲观；悲观主义    [pes-si-mism]
 + ridicule    n.奚落；v.嘲笑    [rid-i-cule]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + underestimated    a.低估的    [underestimated]
 + underrate    v.低估，轻视    [un-der-rate]

***** belief 484

 + apprehend    v.逮捕；恐惧    [ap-pre-hend]
 + assent    v.同意，赞成    [as-sent]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 - assured    a.自信的；确定的    [as-sured]
 - certainty    n.确定的事情    [cer-tain-ty]
 - conceive    v.想像，构想；怀孕    [con-ceive]
 - conception    n.概念；开始    [con-cep-tion]
 + confidence    n.信任，自信，信心    [con-fi-dence]
 - convert    v.使改变(信仰等)；n.改变信仰的人    [con-vert]
 + convict    v.定罪；n.罪犯    [con-vict]
 - conviction    n.判罪；坚信    [con-vic-tion]
 - convince    v.使某人确信；说服    [con-vince]
 + credence    n.相信，信任    [cre-dence]
 - credible    a.可信的，可靠的    [cred-i-ble]
 + credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - credulous    a.轻信的，易信的    [cred-u-lous]
 + doctrine    n.教义，主义；学说    [doc-trine]
 + dogma    n.教条，信条    [dog-ma]
 + foster    v.培养，鼓励；领养    [fos-ter]
 - hazard    n.危险    [haz-ard]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + hubris    n.过分自傲，目中无人    [hu-bris]
 + impressed    a.被打动的；被感动的    [impressed]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 + indoctrinate    v.教导；灌输思想    [in-doc-tri-nate]
 + opine    v.想，以为    [o-pine]
 - presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 + proselytize    v.使…皈依    [pros-e-lyt-ize]
 + reliance    n.信赖，信任    [re-li-ance]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 + surmise    n.推测，猜测；v.推测    [sur-mise]
 - swallow    v.吞下，咽下；忍受    [swal-low]
 + tenet    n.信念；信条；教义    [ten-et]
 - trustworthy    a.值得信赖的，可靠的    [trust-wor-thy]
 + wean    v.(孩子)断奶；戒掉    [wean]

***** unbelief doubt 485

 - cavil    v.挑毛病，吹毛求疵    [cav-il]
 + discredit    v.怀疑；n.丧失名誉    [dis-cred-it]
 - dispute    v.争论    [dis-pute]
 + dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 - fallible    a.会犯错的，易犯错的    [fal-li-ble]
 - implausible    a.难以置信的    [im-plau-si-ble]
 + incredulity    n.怀疑，不相信    [in-cre-du-li-ty]
 + jealousy    n.猜忌，嫉妒    [jeal-ous-y]
 + misgiving    n.担心，疑虑    [mis-giv-ing]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 + startle    v.使吃惊    [star-tle]
 + suspect    v.怀疑；n.嫌疑犯；a.可疑的    [sus-pect]
 + suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]
 + suspicious    a.怀疑的    [sus-pi-cious]
 - waver    v.摇摆，犹豫    [wa-ver]

***** credulity 486

 - credulous    a.轻信的，易信的    [cred-u-lous]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 + gullible    a.易受骗的    [gul-li-ble]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 - swallow    v.吞下，咽下；忍受    [swal-low]

***** incredulity 487

 + cynic    n.犬儒主义者，愤世嫉俗者    [cyn-ic]
 + heretic    n.异教徒    [her-e-tic]
 - incredulity    n.怀疑，不相信    [in-cre-du-li-ty]
 - suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]
 - suspicious    a.怀疑的    [sus-pi-cious]

***** assent 488

 + accede    v.同意    [ac-cede]
 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 + acquiesce    v.勉强同意，默许    [ac-qui-esce]
 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 + affirm    v.确认；肯定    [af-firm]
 - assent    v.同意，赞成    [as-sent]
 + avow    v.承认；公开宣称    [a-vow]
 - chorus    n.合唱队，歌舞团    [cho-rus]
 - coincide    v.巧合；一致    [co-in-cide]
 + concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 - concord    n.和睦；公约    [con-cord]
 - concur    v.意见相同，一致    [con-cur]
 + confess    v.承认，供认    [con-fess]
 - confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 - conform    (to)v.符合或遵守公认的规则    [con-form]
 + consensus    n.意见一致    [con-sen-sus]
 - consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 + content    a.知足的，满意的；n.内容；满意    [con-tent]
 - corroborate    v.支持或证实；强化    [cor-rob-o-rate]
 - defer    v.推延；听从    [de-fer]
 - ratification    n.正式批准    [ratification]
 - reciprocate    v.回报，答谢    [re-cip-ro-cate]
 + unanimous    a.全体意见一致的    [u-nan-i-mous]

***** dissent 489

 - cavil    v.挑毛病，吹毛求疵    [cav-il]
 - contradict    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tra-dict]
 + demur    v.表示异议，反对    [de-mur]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 + dissident    n.唱反调者    [dis-si-dent]
 - heretic    n.异教徒    [her-e-tic]
 + heterodox    a.异端的，非正统的    [het-er-o-dox]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - nonconformist    adj./n.不遵照传统生活的(人)    [non-con-form-ist]
 + protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 + recant    v.改变，放弃(以前的信仰)    [re-cant]
 + recantation    n.改变宗教信仰    [recantation]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 + revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 + schism    n.组织分裂    [schism]
 + secede    v.正式脱离或退出(组织)    [se-cede]
 - variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]

***** knowledge 490

 + accomplished    a.完成了的；有技巧的，有造诣的    [ac-com-plished]
 + acquaintance    n.熟知；熟人    [ac-quaint-ance]
 + acquainted    a.对某事物熟悉的；对某人认识的    [ac-quaint-ed]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 - apprehend    v.逮捕；恐惧    [ap-pre-hend]
 - blue    a.忧伤的，沮丧的    [blue]
 - cognizance    n.认识，察识，知识    [cog-ni-zance]
 + cognizant    a.知道的，认识的    [cog-ni-zant]
 - commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 - comprehend    v.理解；包括    [com-pre-hend]
 - conceive    v.想像，构想；怀孕    [con-ceive]
 + conscience    n.良心，是非感    [con-science]
 + conversant    a.精通的，熟知的    [con-ver-sant]
 - discern    v.(费劲)识别，看出    [dis-cern]
 - doctrine    n.教义，主义；学说    [doc-trine]
 + encyclopedia    n.百科全书    [en-cy-clo-pe-di-a]
 + erudite    a.博学的，饱学的    [er-u-dite]
 - familiarity    n.精通；亲近；不拘礼仪    [fa-mil-i-ar-i-ty]
 - fathom    n.英寻(量水深用，相当于1.83米)；v.彻底明白，了解    [fath-om]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - glimmer    v.发微光；n.摇曳的微光    [glim-mer]
 + hackneyed    a.陈腐的，平常的    [hack-neyed]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 + informed    a.见多识广的；消息灵通的    [in-formed]
 + inkling    n.暗示，迹象；略知，模糊概念    [ink-ling]
 - intuition    n.直觉    [in-tu-i-tion]
 - ken    n.视野范围；知识范围    [ken]
 + literate    a.有读写能力的；有文化修养的    [lit-er-ate]
 + notorious    a.臭名昭著的    [no-to-ri-ous]
 + omniscient    a.无所不知的，博识的    [om-nis-ci-ent]
 - perception    n.感觉；洞察力    [per-cep-tion]
 + proficient    a.熟练的，精通的    [pro-fi-cient]
 - profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 + savant    n.博学之士，大学士    [sa-vant]
 + savvy    a.有见识和精明能干的    [sav-vy]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 + shrewd    a.判断敏捷的，精明的    [shrewd]
 - suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]
 + trite    a.陈腐的，陈词滥调的    [trite]
 - trivial    a.琐细的    [triv-i-al]

***** ignorance 491

 + amateurish    a.业余爱好的，不熟练的    [am-a-teur-ish]
 - belated    a.来得太迟的    [be-lat-ed]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - ignorant    a.无知的，愚昧的    [ig-no-rant]
 + illiterate    a.文盲的    [il-lit-er-ate]
 + philistine    n.庸人，市侩    [philistine]
 + smattering    n.略知；少数    [smat-ter-ing]
 - superficial    a.表面的，肤浅的    [su-per-fi-cial]
 + unconscious    a.不省人事的；未意识到的    [un-con-scious]
 + unenlightened    a.愚昧无知的；不文明的    [un-en-light-ened]
 - uninitiated    a.外行的，缺乏经验的    [un-in-i-ti-at-ed]
 + untutored    a.未经教育的    [un-tu-tored]
 + unwitting    a.无心的，不经意的    [un-wit-ting]

***** scholar 492

 + academician    n.院士；学会会员    [a-cad-e-mi-cian]
 + bibliophile    n.爱书者，藏书家    [bib-li-o-phile]
 - connoisseur    n.鉴赏家，行家    [con-nois-seur]
 - doctrinaire    n.空论家；a.教条的，迂腐的    [doc-tri-naire]
 + illuminati    n.先觉者，智者    [il-lu-mi-na-ti]
 + lexicographer    n.词典编纂人    [lex-i-cog-ra-pher]
 + literati    n.文人；学者(复数)    [lit-e-ra-ti]
 - neolithic    a.新石器时代的    [neolithic]
 + pedagogue    n.教师，教育者    [ped-a-gogue]
 + pedant    n.迂腐之人，书呆子    [ped-ant]
 + pundit    n.权威人士，专家    [pun-dit]
 - sage    a.智慧的；n.智者    [sage]
 - savant    n.博学之士，大学士    [sa-vant]
 - wrangler    n.口角者，争论者；牧马者    [wran-gler]

***** ignoramus 493

 + aesthete    n.审美家    [aes-thete]
 + amateur    n.业余爱好者    [am-a-teur]
 + charlatan    n.江湖郎中，骗子    [char-la-tan]
 + dilettante    n.半瓶醋，业余爱好者    [dil-et-tan-te]
 - ignorant    a.无知的，愚昧的    [ig-no-rant]
 - jerk    n./v.突然猛拉    [jerk]
 - novice    n.生手，新手    [nov-ice]
 - pedant    n.迂腐之人，书呆子    [ped-ant]
 + tyro    n.新手    [ty-ro]

***** truth 494

 - accuracy    n.精确，准确    [ac-cu-ra-cy]
 - accurate    a.精确的，准确的    [ac-cu-rate]
 - authentic    a.真正的；法律证实的    [au-then-tic]
 + authenticity    n.确实性，真实性    [au-then-tic-i-ty]
 - constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 + down-to-earth    n.脚踏实地的，实际的    [down-to-earth]
 + draconian    a.严厉的，严酷的    [draconian]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 + exactitude    n.极端的正确性或精确性    [ex-act-i-tude]
 - expressly    adv.清楚地；特意地    [ex-press-ly]
 - factual    a.真实的，事实的    [fac-tu-al]
 + genuine    a.真的；真诚的    [gen-u-ine]
 - gospel    n.教义，信条    [gos-pel]
 + legitimate    a.合法的；正当的    [le-git-i-mate]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 - nicety    n.准确，精确    [ni-ce-ty]
 - orthodox    a.正统的    [or-tho-dox]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 - pinpoint    v.精确地找出或描述；a.非常精确的    [pin-point]
 + precise    a.精确的    [pre-cise]
 - rigid    a.硬性的，刚硬的    [rig-id]
 - rigor    n.严酷；严格，苛刻；严密，精确    [ri-gor]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - substantial    a.坚固的，结实的；实质的    [sub-stan-tial]
 - substantiate    v.证实，确证    [sub-stan-ti-ate]
 - tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]
 + unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 - unimpeachable    a.无可指摘的，无可置疑的    [un-im-peach-a-ble]
 + veracious    a.诚实的，说真话的    [ve-ra-cious]
 + veracity    n.真实性，诚实    [ve-rac-i-ty]
 + verified    a.检验的，核实的    [ver-i-fied]
 + verisimilar    a.好像真实的；可能的    [ver-i-sim-i-lar]
 + veritable    a.确实的，名副其实的    [ver-i-ta-ble]

***** error 495

 - aberrant    a.越轨的；异常的    [ab-er-rant]
 - apocryphal    a.假冒的，虚假的    [a-poc-ry-phal]
 - astray    a.迷路的，误入歧途的    [a-stray]
 + blunder    v.犯大错；笨拙地做；n.愚蠢之举    [blun-der]
 + delude    v.欺骗，哄骗    [de-lude]
 + delusion    n.欺骗，幻想    [de-lu-sion]
 + err    v.犯错误，出错    [err]
 - fallacious    a.欺骗的；谬误的    [fal-la-cious]
 - fallacy    n.谬误，错误    [fal-la-cy]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 + hallucination    n.幻觉，幻视    [hal-lu-ci-na-tion]
 + heresy    n.异端邪说    [her-e-sy]
 + heretical    a.异端邪说的    [he-ret-i-cal]
 - illusion    n.假象，错觉    [il-lu-sion]
 - illusive    a.迷惑人的，迷幻的    [il-lu-sive]
 - illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 + misinform    v.向…提供错误信息    [mis-in-form]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 + snare    n.罗网，陷阱    [snare]
 + spurious    a.假的；伪造的    [spu-ri-ous]
 + typo    n.排印错误    [ty-po]
 - unsound    a.不结实的，不坚固的；无根据的    [un-sound]

***** maxim 496

 + adage    n.格言，古训    [ad-age]
 + aphorism    n.格言    [aph-o-rism]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 + axiom    n.公理；定理    [ax-i-om]
 - bromide    n.平庸的人或话    [bro-mide]
 - formula    n.分子式；公式；套语，惯用语    [for-mu-la]
 + motto    n.座右铭；箴言    [mot-to]
 - postulate    v.假定；要求    [pos-tu-late]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]

***** absurdity 497

 - absurd    a.荒谬的，可笑的    [ab-surd]
 - anticlimax    n.令人扫兴的结局    [an-ti-cli-max]
 - blunder    v.犯大错；笨拙地做；n.愚蠢之举    [blun-der]
 - egregious    a.(缺点等)过分的，惊人的    [e-gre-gious]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 + extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 + farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 + jargon    n.暗语；行话    [jar-gon]
 - jazz    n.爵士乐；喧闹    [jazz]
 - nonsensical    a.荒唐的，无意义的    [non-sen-si-cal]
 + paradox    n.矛盾；似矛盾而正确的说法    [par-a-dox]
 - preposterous    a.荒谬的    [pre-pos-ter-ous]
 - pun    n.双关语    [pun]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 + quixotic    a.不切实际的，空想的    [quix-ot-ic]
 - sophism    n.诡辩；诡辩法(术)    [soph-ism]
 + vagary    n.奇想，异想天开    [va-gar-y]

***** intelligence, wisdom 498

 + acumen    n.敏锐，精明    [a-cu-men]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 - aplomb    n.沉着，镇静    [a-plomb]
 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 + astute    a.机敏的，精明的    [as-tute]
 - ballast    n.(船等)压舱物    [bal-last]
 + calculating    a.深谋远虑的，精明的    [cal-cu-lat-ing]
 + canny    a.精明仔细的    [can-ny]
 + commonsense    a.具有常识的    [com-mon-sense]
 + cunning    a.善于骗人的；灵巧的；n.欺诈行为    [cun-ning]
 - discern    v.(费劲)识别，看出    [dis-cern]
 + discerning    a.识别力强的    [dis-cern-ing]
 - discriminate    v.区分    [dis-crim-i-nate]
 - down-to-earth    n.脚踏实地的，实际的    [down-to-earth]
 + expedient    n.权宜之计，临时手段；a.(指行动)有用的    [ex-pe-di-ent]
 - foresight    n.远见，深谋远虑    [fore-sight]
 + hardheaded    a.(商业上)现实的，精明的    [hard-head-ed]
 + impartial    a.公平的，无私的    [im-par-tial]
 + inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - intellect    n.智力，思维能力    [in-tel-lect]
 - judicious    a.有判断力的；明智的    [ju-di-cious]
 + judiciousness    n.明智    [ju-di-cious-ness]
 - literate    a.有读写能力的；有文化修养的    [lit-er-ate]
 + manipulative    a.操纵别人的，老于世故的    [ma-nip-u-la-tive]
 + noncommittal    a.态度暖味的；不承担义务的    [non-com-mit-tal]
 - penetrate    v.刺穿；渗入；了解    [pen-e-trate]
 + perspicacious    a.独具慧眼的    [per-spi-ca-cious]
 - piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 + pragmatic    a.实际的，实用主义的    [prag-mat-ic]
 - profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 - provident    a.深谋远虑的；节俭的    [prov-i-dent]
 - prudence    n.谨慎，小心    [pru-dence]
 - prudent    a.审慎的，三思而后行的，精明的    [pru-dent]
 - rational    a.理性的；合理的    [ra-tion-al]
 + sagacious    a.聪明的，睿智的    [sa-ga-cious]
 - sage    a.智慧的；n.智者    [sage]
 + sapient    a.有智慧的    [sa-pi-ent]
 - sensible    a.明智的；可感觉到的    [sen-si-ble]
 + sensitivity    n.敏感，灵敏性    [sen-si-tiv-i-ty]
 - shrewd    a.判断敏捷的，精明的    [shrewd]
 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]
 - tact    n.机智；圆滑    [tact]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

***** imbecility folly 499

 - absurd    a.荒谬的，可笑的    [ab-surd]
 + bathetic    a.假作悲伤的；陈腐的    [ba-thet-ic]
 - blatant    a.厚颜无耻的；显眼的；炫耀的    [bla-tant]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 + dote    v.溺爱；昏聩    [dote]
 - drivel    n./v.说废话    [driv-el]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 + extremist    n.极端主义者    [ex-trem-ist]
 - fatuity    n.愚蠢，愚昧    [fa-tu-i-ty]
 + fatuous    a.愚昧而不自知的    [fat-u-ous]
 - folly    n.愚蠢；愚蠢的行为，思想或做法    [fol-ly]
 - frivolous    a.轻薄的，轻佻的    [friv-o-lous]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 + idle    a.(指人)无所事事的；无效的；v.懒散，无所事事    [i-dle]
 - inept    a.无能的；不适当的    [in-ept]
 - ineptitude    n.无能，不称职    [in-ept-i-tude]
 - infantile    a.幼稚的，孩子气的    [in-fan-tile]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 + insensate    a.无感觉的；蠢笨的    [in-sen-sate]
 + maudlin    a.感情脆弱的，爱哭的    [maud-lin]
 - nonsensical    a.荒唐的，无意义的    [non-sen-si-cal]
 + oafishness    n.痴呆    [oafishness]
 - obtuse    a.愚笨的；不锐利的    [ob-tuse]
 + prosaic    a.单调的，无趣的    [pro-sa-ic]
 - puerile    a.幼稚的；儿童的    [pu-er-ile]
 - ramble    n./v.漫步    [ram-ble]
 - sophistry    n.诡辩    [soph-ist-ry]
 - stolid    a.无动于衷的    [stol-id]
 - stultify    v.使变得荒谬可笑；使无用    [stul-ti-fy]
 - trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 - unenlightened    a.愚昧无知的；不文明的    [un-en-light-ened]

***** sage 500

 - highbrow    n.自以为文化修养很高的人    [high-brow]
 - intellectual    a.智力的，理智的；n.知识分子    [in-tel-lec-tu-al]
 - luminary    n.杰出人物，名人    [lu-mi-nar-y]
 - oracle    n.代神发布神谕的人    [or-a-cle]
 - sage    a.智慧的；n.智者    [sage]

***** fool 501

 + dolt    n.傻瓜    [dolt]
 - doodle    v.胡乱画；混时间    [doo-dle]
 - incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 - infant    n.婴儿    [in-fant]
 + loon    n.愚人；疯子    [loon]
 + owl    n.猫头鹰    [owl]
 + simpleton    n.笨蛋    [sim-ple-ton]
 - sop    n.泡过的食品；安慰品    [sop]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]

***** sanity 502

 - commonsense    a.具有常识的    [com-mon-sense]
 - down-to-earth    n.脚踏实地的，实际的    [down-to-earth]
 + levelheaded    a.头脑冷静的，稳健的    [levelheaded]
 - lucid    a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的    [lu-cid]
 - rational    a.理性的；合理的    [ra-tion-al]
 + sane    a.神志清楚的，明智的    [sane]
 + sanity    n.神志清楚    [san-i-ty]
 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]

***** insanity 503

 - aberration    n.离开正路，脱离常轨；变形    [ab-er-ra-tion]
 - agitated    a.被鼓动的；不安的    [ag-i-tat-ed]
 + daft    a.傻的    [daft]
 + delirious    a.精神错乱的    [de-lir-i-ous]
 + delirium    n.精神错乱    [de-lir-i-um]
 - delusion    n.欺骗，幻想    [de-lu-sion]
 - depressed    a.消沉的；凹陷的    [de-pressed]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - deranged    a.精神错乱的，有精神病的    [de-ranged]
 - distracted    a.心烦意乱的，精神不集中的    [dis-tract-ed]
 - distraught    a.心神狂乱的    [dis-traught]
 - dote    v.溺爱；昏聩    [dote]
 - doting    a.溺爱的    [dot-ing]
 - drivel    n./v.说废话    [driv-el]
 - eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 - flip    v.用指轻弹；蹦跳；a.无礼的    [flip]
 - frantic    a.疯狂的，狂乱的    [fran-tic]
 + frenetic    a.狂乱的，发狂的    [fre-net-ic]
 + frenzy    n.极度激动的状态，狂暴    [fren-zy]
 + furor    n.轰动；盛怒    [fu-ror]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 - hallucination    n.幻觉，幻视    [hal-lu-ci-na-tion]
 + hysteria    n.歇斯底里症    [hys-te-ri-a]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 - insensate    a.无感觉的；蠢笨的    [in-sen-sate]
 + lunatic    n.疯子；a.极蠢的    [lu-na-tic]
 + mania    n.癫狂；狂热    [ma-ni-a]
 + monomania    n.偏狂症，狂热病    [mon-o-ma-ni-a]
 + paranoia    n.偏执狂    [par-a-noi-a]
 + possessed    a.着迷的；疯狂的    [pos-sessed]
 + rabid    a.患狂犬病的；失去理性的    [rab-id]
 + rabies    n.狂犬病；恐水病    [ra-bies]
 - ramble    n./v.漫步    [ram-ble]
 + rave    n.热切赞扬；v.狂语    [rave]
 - vertigo    n.眩晕    [ver-ti-go]

***** madman 504

 + fanatic    n.狂热者    [fa-nat-ic]
 - lunatic    n.疯子；a.极蠢的    [lu-na-tic]

** Section VI. Extension of Thought

*** 1. To the Past

***** memory 505

 + celebrity    n.名声；知名人士    [ce-leb-ri-ty]
 + commemorate    v.纪念(伟人、大事件等)    [com-mem-o-rate]
 + evocative    a.唤起的，激起的    [e-voc-a-tive]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - indelible    a.擦拭不掉的，不可磨灭的    [in-del-i-ble]
 + memorial    n.纪念碑，纪念物；a.纪念的，悼念的    [me-mo-ri-al]
 + minutes    n.会议记录    [min-utes]
 + mnemonics    n.记忆法，记忆规则    [mne-mon-ics]
 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 + rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - recall    v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回    [re-call]
 + recollection    n.记忆力；记忆中的往事    [rec-ol-lec-tion]
 - relic    n.遗物，遗迹    [rel-ic]
 + reminder    n.提醒人记忆之物    [reminder]
 + reminisce    v.追忆，怀旧    [rem-i-nisce]
 + renown    n.名望，声誉    [re-nown]
 + reputation    n.名声    [rep-u-ta-tion]
 + retrace    v.回顾，追想    [re-trace]
 + souvenir    n.纪念品    [sou-ve-nir]
 + suggestive    a.暗示的    [sug-ges-tive]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]
 + tickler    n.棘手的问题，难题    [tick-ler]

***** oblivion 506

 + amnesia    n.健忘症    [am-ne-si-a]
 + amnesty    n.大赦，特赦    [am-nes-ty]
 - efface    v.擦掉，抹去    [ef-face]
 + oblivious    a.遗忘的，疏忽的    [o-bliv-i-ous]

*** 2. To the Future

***** expectation 507

 - abeyance    n.中止，搁置    [a-bey-ance]
 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 - auspices    n.资助，赞助    [aus-pi-ces]
 - confidence    n.信任，自信，信心    [con-fi-dence]
 - contemplate    v.深思    [con-tem-plate]
 - foresight    n.远见，深谋远虑    [fore-sight]
 - forestall    v.先发制人，预先阻止    [fore-stall]
 - impending    a.行将发生的，逼近的    [im-pend-ing]
 - perspective    n.(判断事物的)角度，方法；透视法    [per-spec-tive]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]
 + ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 - reliance    n.信赖，信任    [re-li-ance]
 - suspense    n.悬念；挂念    [sus-pense]
 - vista    n.远景；展望    [vis-ta]

***** inexpectation 508

 - startle    v.使吃惊    [star-tle]

***** disappointment 509

 - anticlimax    n.令人扫兴的结局    [an-ti-cli-max]
 - balk    n.大方木料；v.妨碍；(因困难等)不愿前进或从事某事    [balk]
 + bilk    v.躲债；骗取    [bilk]
 + discomfit    v.使懊恼；使难堪    [dis-com-fit]
 + frustrate    v.挫折，使沮丧    [frus-trate]
 + tantalize    v.挑惹，挑逗    [tan-ta-lize]

***** foresight 510

 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + forecast    v.预报，预测；n.预测    [fore-cast]
 - foreknowledge    n.预知    [fore-knowl-edge]
 - foresight    n.远见，深谋远虑    [fore-sight]
 + prescience    n.预知，先见    [pre-sci-ence]
 + preview    v./n.预演，预展    [pre-view]
 + prognosis    n.预后，对疾病的发作及结果的预言<e预后，对疾病的发作及结果的预言>(forecast of the likely course of a disease or an illness)    [prog-no-sis]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]
 - provident    a.深谋远虑的；节俭的    [prov-i-dent]
 - prudence    n.谨慎，小心    [pru-dence]
 - sagacious    a.聪明的，睿智的    [sa-ga-cious]

***** prediction 511

 + announce    v.宣布，发表；通报…的到来    [an-nounce]
 - astrology    n.占星术；占星学    [as-trol-o-gy]
 - augur    n.占卜师；v.占卜    [au-gur]
 + augury    n.预言，征兆，占卜    [au-gu-ry]
 - auspices    n.资助，赞助    [aus-pi-ces]
 - auspicious    a.幸运的；吉兆的    [aus-pi-cious]
 + divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 + extrapolate    v.预测，推测    [ex-trap-o-late]
 + forebode    v.预感，凶兆    [fore-bode]
 - forecast    v.预报，预测；n.预测    [fore-cast]
 + foreshadow    v.预示    [fore-shad-ow]
 + ominous    a.预兆的，不祥的    [om-i-nous]
 - oracle    n.代神发布神谕的人    [or-a-cle]
 + portentous    a.凶兆的，有危险的    [por-ten-tous]
 - precursor    n.先驱，先兆    [pre-cur-sor]
 - pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - premise    n.前提    [prem-ise]
 - premonition    n.预感，预兆    [pre-mo-ni-tion]
 - presage    n.预感；v.预示    [pres-age]
 - prognosis    n.预后，对疾病的发作及结果的预言<e预后，对疾病的发作及结果的预言>(forecast of the likely course of a disease or an illness)    [prog-no-sis]
 + prophecy    n.预言    [proph-e-cy]
 + prophetic    a.先知的，预言的，预示的    [pro-phet-ic]
 - prototype    n.原型；典型    [pro-to-type]
 + significant    a.相当数量的；意义重大的    [sig-nif-i-cant]
 + signify    v.表示；有重要性    [sig-ni-fy]

***** omen 512

 - augury    n.预言，征兆，占卜    [au-gu-ry]
 - harbinger    n.先驱，先兆    [har-bin-ger]
 - presage    n.预感；v.预示    [pres-age]

***** oracle 513

 - augur    n.占卜师；v.占卜    [au-gur]
 - oracle    n.代神发布神谕的人    [or-a-cle]
 + prophet    n.先知，预言家    [proph-et]
 + sibyl    n.女预言家，女先知    [sib-yl]

** Section VII. Creative Thought

***** supposition 514

 + academic    a.学院的，学术的；理论的    [ac-a-dem-ic]
 + allude    v.间接提到，暗指    [al-lude]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 + conjecture    v./n.推测，臆测    [con-jec-ture]
 + connotation    n.言外之意，含蓄义    [con-no-ta-tion]
 - deductive    a.推理的，演绎的    [de-duc-tive]
 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 - gratuitous    a.无缘无故的；免费的    [gra-tu-i-tous]
 - hazard    n.危险    [haz-ard]
 + hypothesis    n.假设，假说    [hy-poth-e-sis]
 - hypothetical    a.假设的    [hy-po-thet-i-cal]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 - inkling    n.暗示，迹象；略知，模糊概念    [ink-ling]
 + posit    v.断定，认为    [pos-it]
 - postulate    v.假定；要求    [pos-tu-late]
 - presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 + presupposition    n.预先假定，臆测    [presupposition]
 + proposal    n.提案，建议    [pro-po-sal]
 - proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 - speculative    a.投机的；推理的，思索的    [spec-u-la-tive]
 + submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]
 - suggestive    a.暗示的    [sug-ges-tive]
 - surmise    n.推测，猜测；v.推测    [sur-mise]
 - suspect    v.怀疑；n.嫌疑犯；a.可疑的    [sus-pect]
 - suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]
 + theoretical    a.不切实际的；理论(上)的    [the-o-ret-i-cal]
 - thesis    n.论题，论文    [the-sis]

***** analogy 514.a

 - analogy    n.相似；类比    [a-nal-o-gy]
 - metaphor    n.隐喻，暗喻    [met-a-phor]

***** imagination 515

 - chimera    n.神话怪物；梦幻    [chi-me-ra]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 - conceive    v.想像，构想；怀孕    [con-ceive]
 - conception    n.概念；开始    [con-cep-tion]
 + devise    v.发明，设计；图谋；遗赠给    [de-vise]
 + ecstasy    n.狂喜；激情状态    [ec-sta-sy]
 + envision    v.想象，预想    [en-vi-sion]
 - fabricate    v.捏造；制造    [fab-ri-cate]
 - fanatic    n.狂热者    [fa-nat-ic]
 + fantasy    n.想象，幻想    [fan-ta-sy]
 - fertile    a.多产的；肥沃的    [fer-tile]
 + figment    n.虚构的东西    [fig-ment]
 - frenzy    n.极度激动的状态，狂暴    [fren-zy]
 - illusion    n.假象，错觉    [il-lu-sion]
 - illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 + improvise    v.即席而作    [im-pro-vise]
 - innovative    a.革新的    [in-no-va-tive]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - muse    v.沉思，冥想    [muse]
 - nightmare    n.恶梦；可怕的事    [night-mare]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 - originality    n.创造性，独特性    [o-rig-i-nal-i-ty]
 - phantom    n.鬼怪，幽灵；幻像    [phan-tom]
 - quixotic    a.不切实际的，空想的    [quix-ot-ic]
 - reverie    n.幻想，梦幻曲    [rev-er-ie]
 + trance    n.恍惚，昏睡状态    [trance]
 + utopia    n.理想国，理想的完美境界    [utopia]
 + utopian    a.乌托邦式的，梦想的    [utopian]
 - vagary    n.奇想，异想天开    [va-gar-y]
 + verve    n.(艺术作品的)神韵；(人)生机    [verve]
 - visionary    a.有远见的；幻想的；n.空想家    [vi-sion-ar-y]
 + whim    n.多变，怪念头    [whim]
 + whimsical    a.古怪的，异想天开的    [whim-si-cal]
 + whimsy    n.古怪，异想天开    [whimsy]

* Division II. Communication of Ideas

** Section I. Nature of Ideas Communicated

***** meaning 516

 - allude    v.间接提到，暗指    [al-lude]
 + allusion    n.暗示，间接提示    [al-lu-sion]
 - bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 - connotation    n.言外之意，含蓄义    [con-no-ta-tion]
 - convey    v.运载，运送；表达    [con-vey]
 + explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - gist    n.要点，要旨    [gist]
 - implication    n.暗示    [im-pli-ca-tion]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 - indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 + intelligible    a.可了解的，清晰的    [in-tel-li-gi-ble]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + pithy    a.(讲话或文章)简练的    [pith-y]
 + relevance    n.相关    [rel-e-vance]
 - scope    n.眼界；范围    [scope]
 - significant    a.相当数量的；意义重大的    [sig-nif-i-cant]
 - signify    v.表示；有重要性    [sig-ni-fy]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - suggestive    a.暗示的    [sug-ges-tive]
 - tantamount    a.与…相等的    [tan-ta-mount]
 - tenor    n.男高音；要点，要旨    [ten-or]

***** unmeaningness 517

 - babble    v.胡言乱语；牙牙学语；喋喋不休    [bab-ble]
 + bombast    n.高调，夸大之辞    [bom-bast]
 + jabber    v.快而不清楚地说    [jab-ber]
 - jargon    n.暗语；行话    [jar-gon]
 - nonsensical    a.荒唐的，无意义的    [non-sen-si-cal]
 + platitude    n.陈词滥调    [plat-i-tude]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 + rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 + tacit    a.心照不宣的    [tac-it]
 - trivial    a.琐细的    [triv-i-al]
 + verbiage    n.罗嗦，冗长    [ver-bi-age]

***** intelligibility 518

 - comprehend    v.理解；包括    [com-pre-hend]
 - comprehensible    a.能充分理解的    [com-pre-hen-si-ble]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 - elucidate    v.阐明，说明    [e-lu-ci-date]
 - explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 - intelligible    a.可了解的，清晰的    [in-tel-li-gi-ble]
 - lucid    a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的    [lu-cid]
 - obvious    a.明显的，显而易见的    [ob-vi-ous]
 + perspicuity    n.明晰；聪明睿智    [per-spi-cu-i-ty]
 + perspicuous    a.明晰的；明了的    [per-spic-u-ous]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - transparent    a.透明的；直率的    [trans-par-ent]
 - univocal    a.意思明确的    [u-ni-vo-cal]

***** unintelligibility 519

 + abstruse    a.难懂的，深奥的    [ab-struse]
 - ambiguous    a.含糊的    [am-big-u-ous]
 + arcane    a.神秘的，秘密的    [ar-cane]
 - conceal    v.隐藏，隐瞒    [con-ceal]
 - crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - dim    v.使暗淡，使模糊    [dim]
 - garbled    a.引起误解的；窜改的    [garbled]
 + hermetic    a.密封的；深奥的    [her-met-ic]
 - impenetrable    a.不能穿透的；不可理解的    [im-pen-e-tra-ble]
 + indecipherable    a.无法破译的    [in-de-ci-pher-a-ble]
 + inexplicable    a.无法解释的    [in-ex-pli-ca-ble]
 + inscrutable    a.高深莫测的，神秘的    [in-scru-ta-ble]
 - insoluble    a.不溶解的；不能解决的    [in-sol-u-ble]
 - jargon    n.暗语；行话    [jar-gon]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 - latent    a.潜伏的    [la-tent]
 - mystic    a.神秘的，不可思议的；n.神秘主义者    [mys-tic]
 - nebulous    a.模糊不清的；云状的    [neb-u-lous]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 - obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]
 + occult    a.秘密的，不公开的    [oc-cult]
 - opaque    a.不透明的；难懂的    [o-paque]
 - paradox    n.矛盾；似矛盾而正确的说法    [par-a-dox]
 + recondite    a.深奥的    [re-con-dite]
 - riddle    n.谜语    [rid-dle]
 - transcendental    a.超越经验的    [tran-scen-den-tal]
 - vague    a.模糊的    [vague]

***** equivocalness 520

 - ambiguous    a.含糊的    [am-big-u-ous]
 + anagram    n.变形词    [an-a-gram]
 + conundrum    n.(答案有双关意义的)谜语；难题    [co-nun-drum]
 - equivocate    v.模棱两可地说，支吾其词，说谎    [e-quiv-o-cate]
 - equivocation    n.模棱两可的话，含糊话    [e-quiv-o-ca-tion]
 - indeterminate    a.不确定的，不明确的    [in-de-ter-mi-nate]
 - pun    n.双关语    [pun]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]

***** metaphor 521

 - adumbrate    v.(对将来事件)预示    [ad-um-brate]
 - allegory    n.寓言    [al-le-go-ry]
 - allude    v.间接提到，暗指    [al-lude]
 - allusion    n.暗示，间接提示    [al-lu-sion]
 - application    n.请求，申请；应用，应用程序    [ap-pli-ca-tion]
 + colloquial    a.口语的，口头的    [col-lo-qui-al]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - externalize    v.使…表面化    [ex-ter-nal-ize]
 + figurative    a.比喻的，借喻的    [fig-ur-a-tive]
 + hyperbole    n.夸张法；a.夸张的    [hy-per-bo-le]
 + irony    n.反话    [i-ro-ny]
 - metaphor    n.隐喻，暗喻    [met-a-phor]
 + parable    n.寓言，比喻    [par-a-ble]
 + personification    n.典型，化身，完美榜样    [per-son-i-fi-ca-tion]

***** interpretation 522

 + annotate    v.注解    [an-no-tate]
 + clarify    v.澄清    [clar-i-fy]
 + commentary    n.实况报道；(对书等的)集注    [com-men-tar-y]
 + construe    v.解释；翻译    [con-strue]
 + decipher    v.解开(疑团)；破译(密码)    [de-ci-pher]
 - decode    v.译解(密码)    [de-code]
 + definition    n.(轮廓等)清晰；定义    [def-i-ni-tion]
 + diagnose    v.判断，诊断    [di-ag-nose]
 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 - elucidate    v.阐明，说明    [e-lu-ci-date]
 + enlightening    a.有启迪作用的；使人领悟的    [enlightening]
 - equivalent    a.相等的，等值的    [e-quiv-a-lent]
 - exemplify    v.是…的典型    [ex-em-pli-fy]
 - explicate    v.详细解说    [ex-pli-cate]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 + expository    a.说明的    [ex-pos-i-to-ry]
 + expound    v.解释；阐述    [ex-pound]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - illustrate    v.为…作插图或图表；说明，阐明    [il-lus-trate]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - paraphrase    v.传译，释义    [par-a-phrase]
 - render    v.呈递，表现；提供    [ren-der]
 + rendering    n.演出；翻译    [ren-der-ing]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - unfold    v.展开，打开；逐渐呈现    [un-fold]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

***** misinterpretation 523

 - distort    v.扭曲，弄歪    [dis-tort]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - garble    v.曲解，窜改    [gar-ble]
 - misrepresent    v.误传，歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sent]
 + misrepresentation    n.歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sen-ta-tion]
 - parody    n.模仿性嘲弄文章或表演；拙劣的模仿    [par-o-dy]
 - travesty    v./n.歪曲模仿，曲解    [trav-es-ty]
 + understatement    n.轻描淡写的陈述，不充分的陈述    [un-der-state-ment]

***** interpreter 524

 - exponent    n.说明者，支持者；指数    [ex-po-nent]

** Section II. Modes of Communication

***** manifestation 525

 - arresting    a.显著的，引人注意的    [ar-rest-ing]
 - bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 + barefaced    a.厚颜无耻的，公然的    [bare-faced]
 - candid    a.率直的    [can-did]
 - comprehensible    a.能充分理解的    [com-pre-hen-si-ble]
 - conspicuous    a.显著的，显而易见的    [con-spic-u-ous]
 + defined    a.定义的；清晰的    [de-fined]
 - definite    a.清楚的，明确的    [def-i-nite]
 - demonstrate    v.证明，论证；示威    [dem-on-strate]
 - demonstrative    a.证明性的；喜怒形于色的    [de-mon-stra-tive]
 - disclose    v.使某物显露    [dis-close]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 - elicit    v.引出，探出    [e-lic-it]
 - explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - flagrant    a.臭的，恶名昭彰的    [fla-grant]
 - indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 - indubitable    a.不容置疑的    [in-du-bi-ta-ble]
 - intelligible    a.可了解的，清晰的    [in-tel-li-gi-ble]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - manifest    a.显然的    [man-i-fest]
 - manifestation    n.表明，显示    [man-i-fes-ta-tion]
 + notable    a.明显的，出众的，重要的    [no-ta-ble]
 - notorious    a.臭名昭著的    [no-to-ri-ous]
 - obvious    a.明显的，显而易见的    [ob-vi-ous]
 - ostensible    a.表面上的    [os-ten-si-ble]
 + overt    a.公开的，非秘密的    [o-vert]
 - palpable    a.可触知的，明显的    [pal-pa-ble]
 - patent    a.显而易见的；n.专利权(证书)    [pa-tent]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - premiere    n./v.首次公演    [pre-miere]
 + proclaim    v.宣告，宣布；显示    [pro-claim]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - prominent    a.显著的；著名的    [prom-i-nent]
 + pronounced    a.(观点等)强硬的，明显的    [pro-nounced]
 - salient    a.显著的，突出的    [sa-li-ent]
 + striking    a.引人注目的，明显的    [strik-ing]
 + unreserved    a.无限制的；未被预定的    [un-re-served]

***** latency, implication 526

 - allude    v.间接提到，暗指    [al-lude]
 - allusion    n.暗示，间接提示    [al-lu-sion]
 - covert    a.秘密的，隐密的    [cov-ert]
 - dormant    a.冬眠的；静止的    [dor-mant]
 - entail    v.需要，需求，必须    [en-tail]
 - impenetrable    a.不能穿透的；不可理解的    [im-pen-e-tra-ble]
 - implication    n.暗示    [im-pli-ca-tion]
 + implicit    a.含蓄的，不言而喻的    [im-plic-it]
 - infer    v.推断，推定    [in-fer]
 + innuendo    n.含沙射影，暗讽    [in-nu-en-do]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 - latent    a.潜伏的    [la-tent]
 - lurk    v.潜伏，埋伏    [lurk]
 - muffled    a.(声音)压低的    [muffled]
 - occult    a.秘密的，不公开的    [oc-cult]
 - saboteur    n.从事破坏活动者    [sab-o-teur]
 - tacit    a.心照不宣的    [tac-it]
 + underlying    a.在下面的，根本的    [un-der-ly-ing]
 - untold    a.无数的，数不清的    [un-told]
 - whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]

***** information 527

 + acquaint    v.使…熟知；通知    [ac-quaint]
 - acquaintance    n.熟知；熟人    [ac-quaint-ance]
 - allude    v.间接提到，暗指    [al-lude]
 - announce    v.宣布，发表；通报…的到来    [an-nounce]
 + apprise    v.通知，告诉    [ap-prise]
 - bit    n.钻头    [bit]
 + blurt    v.脱口而出    [blurt]
 + communicate    v.传送信息，沟通    [com-mu-ni-cate]
 + cue    v.暗示，提示；n.暗示，提示    [cue]
 + debunk    v.揭穿真相，暴露    [de-bunk]
 + disabuse    v.打消(某人的)错误念头；纠正    [dis-a-buse]
 - disclose    v.使某物显露    [dis-close]
 - enlighten    v.启发，开导，教导，授予…知识    [en-light-en]
 - explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - exponent    n.说明者，支持者；指数    [ex-po-nent]
 - expository    a.说明的    [ex-pos-i-to-ry]
 + gazetteer    n.地名词典，地名表    [gaz-et-teer]
 + gesture    n.姿势，手势，姿态    [ges-ture]
 - glance    v./n.一瞥    [glance]
 + impart    v.传授，告知    [im-part]
 - informed    a.见多识广的；消息灵通的    [in-formed]
 - inkling    n.暗示，迹象；略知，模糊概念    [ink-ling]
 - innuendo    n.含沙射影，暗讽    [in-nu-en-do]
 - insinuate    v.暗指，暗示    [in-sin-u-ate]
 - intimate    a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示    [in-ti-mate]
 - itinerary    n.行程表；旅行路线    [i-tin-er-ar-y]
 + pedagogy    n.教育学，教学法    [ped-a-go-gy]
 - pilot    n.飞行员；领航员；领导人    [pi-lot]
 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 - retail    v.零售；n.零售    [re-tail]
 - segment    n.部分    [seg-ment]
 - signify    v.表示；有重要性    [sig-ni-fy]
 - tickler    n.棘手的问题，难题    [tick-ler]
 - transmit    v.传送，传播    [trans-mit]
 - whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]

***** correction 527.a

 - enlighten    v.启发，开导，教导，授予…知识    [en-light-en]

***** concealment 528

 + anonymity    n.无名，匿名    [an-o-nym-i-ty]
 - arcane    a.神秘的，秘密的    [ar-cane]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 + clandestine    a.秘密的，暗中从事的    [clan-des-tine]
 - conceal    v.隐藏，隐瞒    [con-ceal]
 + confidential    a.机密的    [con-fi-den-tial]
 - covert    a.秘密的，隐密的    [cov-ert]
 + cryptic    a.秘密的，神秘的    [cryp-tic]
 + disguise    v.假扮；掩饰    [dis-guise]
 + ensconce    v.安置，安坐    [en-sconce]
 - esoteric    a.秘传的；神秘的    [es-o-ter-ic]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 + furtive    a. 偷偷的，秘密的    [fur-tive]
 - hermetic    a.密封的；深奥的    [her-met-ic]
 - hide    n.兽皮    [hide]
 - hoodwink    v.蒙混，欺骗    [hood-wink]
 + inviolable    a.不可侵犯的；不可亵渎的    [in-vi-o-la-ble]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 - lurk    v.潜伏，埋伏    [lurk]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 - masquerade    n.化装舞会；v.伪装    [mas-quer-ade]
 - muffle    v.使声音降低；裹住    [muf-fle]
 - mystic    a.神秘的，不可思议的；n.神秘主义者    [mys-tic]
 - occult    a.秘密的，不公开的    [oc-cult]
 - prowl    v.潜行于，偷偷地漫游    [prowl]
 - recondite    a.深奥的    [re-con-dite]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 + reticent    a.沉默不语的    [ret-i-cent]
 - secrete    v.隐藏；分泌    [se-crete]
 + secretive    a.守口如瓶的    [se-cre-tive]
 - shroud    n.寿衣；遮蔽物；v.覆盖    [shroud]
 + sly    a.狡猾的，鬼鬼祟祟的    [sly]
 - smother    v.覆盖；(使)闷死    [smoth-er]
 + stealth    n.秘密的行动    [stealth]
 - stifle    v.感到窒息；抑止    [sti-fle]
 + stowaway    n.(藏于轮船、飞机中的)偷乘者    [stow-a-way]
 + surreptitious    a.鬼鬼祟祟的    [sur-rep-ti-tious]
 + taciturn    a.沉默寡言的    [tac-i-turn]
 - tortuous    a.弯弯曲曲的    [tor-tu-ous]
 + underhanded    a.不光明的，卑鄙的    [un-der-hand-ed]
 - untold    a.无数的，数不清的    [un-told]
 - veil    n.面纱；遮蔽物，掩蔽物；v.以面纱掩盖    [veil]
 - whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]
 + withhold    v.扣留，保留    [with-hold]

***** disclosure 529

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - avow    v.承认；公开宣称    [a-vow]
 - bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 + betray    v.背叛；暴露    [be-tray]
 - blurt    v.脱口而出    [blurt]
 - canary    n.金丝雀；女歌星    [ca-nar-y]
 - concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 - confess    v.承认，供认    [con-fess]
 - creep    v.匍匐前进；悄悄地移动    [creep]
 - debunk    v.揭穿真相，暴露    [de-bunk]
 - denouement    n.(小说的)结尾，结局    [de-noue-ment]
 - disabuse    v.打消(某人的)错误念头；纠正    [dis-a-buse]
 - disclose    v.使某物显露    [dis-close]
 + divulge    v.泄露，透露    [di-vulge]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 + grant    v.同意给予    [grant]
 - leak    v.泄漏；n.泄漏；漏出量，漏洞    [leak]
 - revealing    a.暴露的，裸露的；揭露性的    [revealing]
 - revelation    n.显示；泄露的事实    [rev-e-la-tion]
 + snitch    v.告密；偷    [snitch]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]
 - unfold    v.展开，打开；逐渐呈现    [un-fold]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]
 - vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]

***** ambush 530

 + ambush    v.埋伏；伏击    [am-bush]
 + camouflage    n./v.掩饰，伪装    [cam-ou-flage]
 - closet    n.壁橱；a.秘密的    [clos-et]
 - disguise    v.假扮；掩饰    [dis-guise]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - lurk    v.潜伏，埋伏    [lurk]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 + pitfall    n.陷阱，未料到的危险或困难    [pit-fall]
 - recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - veil    n.面纱；遮蔽物，掩蔽物；v.以面纱掩盖    [veil]

***** publication 531

 + advertise    v.做广告    [ad-ver-tise]
 + blazon    n.纹章，装饰；v.精确描绘    [bla-zon]
 + blurb    n.简介；印在书籍封套上的推荐广告    [blurb]
 - broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 + bruit    v.散布(谣言)    [bruit]
 - circular    a.圆形的    [cir-cu-lar]
 - circulate    v.循环；流通；发行    [cir-cu-late]
 - circulation    n.循环，流通；发行额    [cir-cu-la-tion]
 - diffuse    v.散布，(光等)漫射；a.漫射的，散漫的    [dif-fuse]
 - disseminate    v.散布，传播    [dis-sem-i-nate]
 - emit    v.放射(光、热、味等)    [e-mit]
 - flagrant    a.臭的，恶名昭彰的    [fla-grant]
 + imprint    v.盖印，刻印    [im-print]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + manifesto    n.宣言，声明    [man-i-fes-to]
 - notorious    a.臭名昭著的    [no-to-ri-ous]
 + poster    n.海报，招贴画    [post-er]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - proclaim    v.宣告，宣布；显示    [pro-claim]
 + proclamation    n.宣布，公告    [proc-la-ma-tion]
 + promulgate    v.颁布(法令)；宣传    [prom-ul-gate]
 - propagate    v.繁殖；传播    [prop-a-gate]
 - propagation    n.繁殖    [prop-a-ga-tion]
 + publicize    v.宣传，引人注意    [pub-li-cize]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]

***** news 532

 - bruit    v.散布(谣言)    [bruit]
 - correspondent    a.符合的；n.记者    [cor-re-spond-ent]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 + errand    n.差使；差事    [er-rand]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - publicize    v.宣传，引人注意    [pub-li-cize]
 - rife    a.流行的，普遍的    [rife]
 + scandal    n.丑闻；恶意诽谤    [scan-dal]
 + tract    n.传单；大片土地    [tract]

***** secret 533

 - anagram    n.变形词    [an-a-gram]
 + charade    n.用动作等表演文字意义的字谜游戏    [cha-rade]
 - confidential    a.机密的    [con-fi-den-tial]
 - conundrum    n.(答案有双关意义的)谜语；难题    [co-nun-drum]
 - intricacy    n.错综，复杂，纷乱    [in-tri-ca-cy]
 - labyrinth    n.迷宫    [lab-y-rinth]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 - maze    n.迷宫    [maze]
 - meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 - paradox    n.矛盾；似矛盾而正确的说法    [par-a-dox]
 + rebus    n.(以音、画等提示的)字谜，画谜    [re-bus]
 - riddle    n.谜语    [rid-dle]

***** messenger 534

 + emissary    n.密使；特使    [em-is-sar-y]
 - marshal    v.整理，安排，设置    [mar-shal]

***** affirmation 535

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 + affidavit    n.宣誓书    [af-fi-da-vit]
 - affirm    v.确认；肯定    [af-firm]
 - allege    v.(无证据)陈述，宣称    [al-lege]
 - announce    v.宣布，发表；通报…的到来    [an-nounce]
 + assert    v.断言，主张    [as-sert]
 - assertive    a.过分自信的；有进取心的    [as-ser-tive]
 - assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 - assured    a.自信的；确定的    [as-sured]
 - attest    (to)v.证明    [at-test]
 + aver    v.极力声明；断言；确证    [a-ver]
 - avow    v.承认；公开宣称    [a-vow]
 - broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 - categorical    a.无条件的，绝对的；分类的    [cat-e-gor-i-cal]
 - contend    v.与对手竞争；据理力争    [con-tend]
 - definitive    a.明确的，有权威的    [de-fin-i-tive]
 - depose    v.免职；作证    [de-pose]
 - deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 - dogmatism    n.教条主义，武断    [dog-ma-tism]
 + emphatic    a.重视的，强调的    [em-phat-ic]
 + enunciate    v.发音；(清楚地)表达    [e-nun-ci-ate]
 - explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - marked    a.明显的；被监视的    [marked]
 + oath    n.誓言；咒骂    [oath]
 + peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 - posit    v.断定，认为    [pos-it]
 + pretend    v.假装；装扮    [pre-tend]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - stance    n.站姿；立场    [stance]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 + vouch    v.担保，证明    [vouch]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]

***** negation 536

 + belie    v.掩饰；证明为假    [be-lie]
 - contradict    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tra-dict]
 - contradictory    a.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的    [con-tra-dic-to-ry]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 - controvert    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tro-vert]
 + disclaim    v.放弃权利；拒绝承认    [dis-claim]
 - dispute    v.争论    [dis-pute]
 + gainsay    v.否认    [gain-say]
 + impugn    v.指责，对…表示怀疑    [im-pugn]
 + negate    v.取消；否认    [ne-gate]
 - negation    n.否定，拒绝    [ne-ga-tion]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - recant    v.改变，放弃(以前的信仰)    [re-cant]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - traverse    v.横穿过，横跨    [trav-erse]

***** teaching 537

 - academic    a.学院的，学术的；理论的    [ac-a-dem-ic]
 + acclimate    v.使服水土; 使适应    [ac-cli-mate]
 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 - convince    v.使某人确信；说服    [con-vince]
 - cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 + curriculum    n.(全部的)课程    [cur-ric-u-lum]
 + didactic    a.教诲的；说教的    [di-dac-tic]
 + discipline    v.训练，训导；n.纪律；惩罚，处分    [dis-ci-pline]
 + discourse    n.演讲，论述    [dis-course]
 - disseminate    v.散布，传播    [dis-sem-i-nate]
 - drill    n.钻；钻床    [drill]
 - edify    v.陶冶，启发    [ed-i-fy]
 - enlighten    v.启发，开导，教导，授予…知识    [en-light-en]
 - enlightening    a.有启迪作用的；使人领悟的    [enlightening]
 - expound    v.解释；阐述    [ex-pound]
 - graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 + habituate    v.使习惯于    [ha-bit-u-ate]
 - imbue    v.灌输(某人)强烈的情感或意见    [im-bue]
 - implant    v.注入；灌输    [im-plant]
 + inculcate    v.灌输，谆谆教诲    [in-cul-cate]
 - indoctrinate    v.教导；灌输思想    [in-doc-tri-nate]
 - infiltrate    v.渗透，渗入    [in-fil-trate]
 - infuse    v.灌输；鼓励    [in-fuse]
 - initiate    v.发起，创始；接纳或介绍某人加入某团体等    [in-i-ti-ate]
 - inoculate    v.预防注射    [in-oc-u-late]
 - instill    v.滴注；逐渐灌输    [in-still]
 + instructive    a.传授知识的，启蒙的    [in-struc-tive]
 - nurture    v.抚育，给…营养物，教养；n.养育，营养物；(总称)环境因素    [nur-ture]
 - parable    n.寓言，比喻    [par-a-ble]
 - pedagogy    n.教育学，教学法    [ped-a-go-gy]
 + preach    v.传教，讲道    [preach]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 + sermon    n.布道；说教，训诫    [ser-mon]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - tutor    n.助教；监护人；v.辅导    [tu-tor]

***** misteaching 538

 - bewilder    v.迷惑，混乱    [be-wil-der]
 - misinform    v.向…提供错误信息    [mis-in-form]
 - misrepresent    v.误传，歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sent]
 - sophistry    n.诡辩    [soph-ist-ry]

***** learning 539

 - acquaint    v.使…熟知；通知    [ac-quaint]
 - apt    a.易于…的，恰当的    [apt]
 - aptitude    n.适宜；才能，资质    [ap-ti-tude]
 + attainment    n.成就    [at-tain-ment]
 - cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 + docile    a.驯服的，听话的    [doc-ile]
 - expel    v.排出；开除    [ex-pel]
 - grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 + industrious    a.勤劳的，勤勉的    [in-dus-tri-ous]
 - informed    a.见多识广的；消息灵通的    [in-formed]
 - inquiry    n.询问    [in-quir-y]
 - inspection    n.检查，细看    [in-spec-tion]
 + peruse    v.细读，精读    [pe-ruse]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - transfer    v.转移，传递；调任，转让    [trans-fer]

***** teacher 540

 + guru    n.古鲁(印度的宗教领袖)；(受尊敬的)教师或权威    [gu-ru]
 + mentor    n.导师    [men-tor]
 - pedagogue    n.教师，教育者    [ped-a-gogue]
 - tutor    n.助教；监护人；v.辅导    [tu-tor]

***** learner 541

 - amateur    n.业余爱好者    [am-a-teur]
 + apprentice    n.学徒    [ap-pren-tice]
 + disciple    n.信徒，弟子    [dis-ci-ple]
 - fledgling    n.正在学习飞行的幼鸟；无经验的人    [fledg-ling]
 - intern    v.拘禁，软禁；n.实习生    [in-tern]
 + neophyte    n.初学者，新手    [ne-o-phyte]
 - novice    n.生手，新手    [nov-ice]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - remove    v.移走；脱掉；迁移    [re-move]
 - resident    n.居民；a.定居的，常驻的    [res-i-dent]
 - rookie    n.新兵，新手    [rook-ie]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 - tyro    n.新手    [ty-ro]

***** school 542

 - academic    a.学院的，学术的；理论的    [ac-a-dem-ic]
 + auditorium    n.礼堂；观众席    [au-di-to-ri-um]
 - encyclopedia    n.百科全书    [en-cy-clo-pe-di-a]
 + forum    n.辩论的场所，讲坛    [fo-rum]
 - institute    v.制定，创立(社团，规章)；n.学院，协会    [in-sti-tute]
 + institution    n.公共机构，协会；制度    [in-sti-tu-tion]
 + lectern    n.教堂里的读经台    [lec-tern]
 - podium    n.讲坛，指挥台    [po-di-um]
 - rostrum    n.讲台，讲坛    [ros-trum]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 + seminary    n.神学院    [sem-i-nar-y]

***** veracity 543

 - candid    a.率直的    [can-did]
 + candor    n.坦白，率直    [can-dor]
 + forthright    a.直率的    [forth-right]
 + guileless    a.厚道的，老实的    [guile-less]
 + ingenuous    a.纯朴的，单纯的    [in-gen-u-ous]
 + outspoken    a.直言不讳的    [out-spo-ken]
 + probity    n.刚直，正直    [pro-bi-ty]
 + sincere    a.诚实的，正直的；真挚的，纯净的    [sin-cere]
 - straightforward    a.正直的；易懂的；直截了当的    [straight-for-ward]
 - trustworthy    a.值得信赖的，可靠的    [trust-wor-thy]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 + unfeigned    a.真实的；不作假的    [unfeigned]
 - unreserved    a.无限制的；未被预定的    [un-re-served]
 - veracious    a.诚实的，说真话的    [ve-ra-cious]
 - veracity    n.真实性，诚实    [ve-rac-i-ty]

***** falsehood 544

 + affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 + artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - belie    v.掩饰；证明为假    [be-lie]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 + contrived    a.不自然的，做作的    [con-trived]
 - counterfeit    v.伪造，仿造    [coun-ter-feit]
 + deceit    n.欺骗，欺诈    [de-ceit]
 + deception    n.欺骗手段    [de-cep-tion]
 - disguise    v.假扮；掩饰    [dis-guise]
 + dissemble    v.隐藏，掩饰(感受、意图)    [dis-sem-ble]
 + dissimulate    v.隐藏，掩饰    [dis-sim-u-late]
 - distort    v.扭曲，弄歪    [dis-tort]
 + duplicitous    a.搞两面派的，奸诈的    [duplicitous]
 - duplicity    n.欺骗，口是心非    [du-plic-i-ty]
 - embroider    v.刺绣，修饰    [em-broi-der]
 - equivocate    v.模棱两可地说，支吾其词，说谎    [e-quiv-o-cate]
 - equivocation    n.模棱两可的话，含糊话    [e-quiv-o-ca-tion]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - fabricate    v.捏造；制造    [fab-ri-cate]
 + falsehood    n.谎言    [false-hood]
 + feign    v.假装，伪装    [feign]
 - forgery    n.伪造(物)    [for-ger-y]
 + fraud    n.欺诈，欺骗；骗子    [fraud]
 + fraudulent    a.欺骗的，不诚实的    [fraud-u-lent]
 - garble    v.曲解，窜改    [gar-ble]
 + guile    n.欺诈，狡猾    [guile]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 + hypocritical    a.虚伪的    [hyp-o-crit-i-cal]
 + insincerity    n.伪善    [in-sin-cer-i-ty]
 + malinger    v.装病以逃避工作    [ma-lin-ger]
 + mendacious    a.不真的；撒谎的    [mendacious]
 + mendacity    n.虚假    [men-dac-i-ty]
 - misrepresent    v.误传，歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sent]
 - misrepresentation    n.歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sen-ta-tion]
 + palter    v.含糊其词    [pal-ter]
 + perfidious    a.不忠的，背信弃义的    [per-fid-i-ous]
 + perfidy    n.不忠，背叛    [per-fi-dy]
 + perjure    v.作伪证，发假誓    [per-jure]
 + perjury    n.作伪证，发假誓    [per-ju-ry]
 - plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 - pretend    v.假装；装扮    [pre-tend]
 + prevaricate    v.支吾其词，说谎    [pre-var-i-cate]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 + sham    n.虚假；v.伪装    [sham]
 - simulate    v.假装，模仿    [sim-u-late]
 - sincere    a.诚实的，正直的；真挚的，纯净的    [sin-cere]
 - spurious    a.假的；伪造的    [spu-ri-ous]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 + understate    v.掩饰地说，轻描淡写地说    [un-der-state]
 - understatement    n.轻描淡写的陈述，不充分的陈述    [un-der-state-ment]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]

***** deception 545

 + abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 - ambush    v.埋伏；伏击    [am-bush]
 - artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 - balk    n.大方木料；v.妨碍；(因困难等)不愿前进或从事某事    [balk]
 - betray    v.背叛；暴露    [be-tray]
 - bilk    v.躲债；骗取    [bilk]
 + bogus    a.假装的，假的    [bo-gus]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 + cajole    v.(以甜言蜜语)哄骗    [ca-jole]
 - chicanery    n.诡计，狡诈    [chi-can-er-y]
 - circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 + conjure    v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法    [con-jure]
 + contraband    n.违禁品，走私货    [con-tra-band]
 - counterfeit    v.伪造，仿造    [coun-ter-feit]
 + cozen    "v.欺骗, 哄骗"    [co-zen]
 - cunning    a.善于骗人的；灵巧的；n.欺诈行为    [cun-ning]
 - deceit    n.欺骗，欺诈    [de-ceit]
 - deception    n.欺骗手段    [de-cep-tion]
 + defraud    v.欺骗某人    [de-fraud]
 - delude    v.欺骗，哄骗    [de-lude]
 - delusion    n.欺骗，幻想    [de-lu-sion]
 - disguise    v.假扮；掩饰    [dis-guise]
 - dissemble    v.隐藏，掩饰(感受、意图)    [dis-sem-ble]
 - divert    v.使某事物转向；使娱乐    [di-vert]
 + dupe    n.易上当的人    [dupe]
 + elusive    a.难懂的    [e-lu-sive]
 + enmesh    v.通常被动)绊住，陷入网    [en-mesh]
 - entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 + feigned    a.假装的；不真诚的    [feigned]
 + feint    v./n.佯攻，佯击    [feint]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - forgery    n.伪造(物)    [for-ger-y]
 - fraud    n.欺诈，欺骗；骗子    [fraud]
 - fraudulent    a.欺骗的，不诚实的    [fraud-u-lent]
 + gimmick    n.吸引人的花招，噱头    [gim-mick]
 - guile    n.欺诈，狡猾    [guile]
 - gum    n.树胶，橡皮    [gum]
 + hoax    n./v.骗局，欺骗    [hoax]
 - hoodwink    v.蒙混，欺骗    [hood-wink]
 + illegitimate    a.不合法的；私生的    [il-le-git-i-mate]
 - illusion    n.假象，错觉    [il-lu-sion]
 - illusive    a.迷惑人的，迷幻的    [il-lu-sive]
 - illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 + imposture    n.冒充    [im-pos-ture]
 + insidious    a.隐藏诡计的    [in-sid-i-ous]
 + inveigle    v.诱骗，诱使    [in-vei-gle]
 - jockey    n.骑师；v.用计谋获取    [jock-ey]
 + kidnap    v.诱拐，绑架，勒赎    [kid-nap]
 - legerdemain    n.手法；戏法    [leg-er-de-main]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 - masquerade    n.化装舞会；v.伪装    [mas-quer-ade]
 + meretricious    a.华而不实的，俗艳的    [mer-e-tri-cious]
 - mirage    n.幻影，海市蜃楼    [mi-rage]
 - misinform    v.向…提供错误信息    [mis-in-form]
 - misrepresentation    n.歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sen-ta-tion]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 - nick    n.小伤口，刻痕    [nick]
 - overreach    v.做事过头    [o-ver-reach]
 - pitfall    n.陷阱，未料到的危险或困难    [pit-fall]
 + ploy    n.花招，策略    [ploy]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 + prestigious    a.有名望的，有威信的    [pres-tig-ious]
 - seine    n.拉网，大捕鱼网    [seine]
 - sham    n.虚假；v.伪装    [sham]
 + shiftiness    n.奸诈    [shift-i-ness]
 - snare    n.罗网，陷阱    [snare]
 + snide    a.讽刺的，含沙射影的    [snide]
 + sophisticated    a.老于世故的；(仪器)精密的    [so-phis-ti-cat-ed]
 + spoof    v.揶揄，嘲讽    [spoof]
 - spurious    a.假的；伪造的    [spu-ri-ous]
 + stratagem    n.谋略，策略    [strat-a-gem]
 - surreptitious    a.鬼鬼祟祟的    [sur-rep-ti-tious]
 + swindle    v.诈骗    [swin-dle]
 - trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 - unsound    a.不结实的，不坚固的；无根据的    [un-sound]
 - veneer    n.(镶于劣质东西上的)镶面板；外表    [ve-neer]
 - victimize    v.使受害，迫害    [vic-tim-ize]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

***** untruth 546

 - disguise    v.假扮；掩饰    [dis-guise]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - falsehood    n.谎言    [false-hood]
 - farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 + fictitious    a.假的；虚构的    [fic-ti-tious]
 - forgery    n.伪造(物)    [for-ger-y]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - illusory    a.虚幻的    [il-lu-so-ry]
 - irony    n.反话    [i-ro-ny]
 - misrepresentation    n.歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sen-ta-tion]
 + pretext    n.借口    [pre-text]
 - sham    n.虚假；v.伪装    [sham]
 - subterfuge    n.诡计，托辞    [sub-ter-fuge]
 - surreptitious    a.鬼鬼祟祟的    [sur-rep-ti-tious]
 + unfounded    a.无事实根据的    [un-found-ed]

***** dupe 547

 - credulous    a.轻信的，易信的    [cred-u-lous]
 - dupe    n.易上当的人    [dupe]

***** deceiver 548

 - charlatan    n.江湖郎中，骗子    [char-la-tan]
 - fraud    n.欺诈，欺骗；骗子    [fraud]
 + hypocrite    n.伪善者，伪君子    [hyp-o-crite]
 - impostor    n.冒充者，骗子    [im-pos-tor]
 - jockey    n.骑师；v.用计谋获取    [jock-ey]
 + knave    n.流氓，恶棍    [knave]
 - poseur    n.装模作样的人    [po-seur]
 - quack    n.冒充内行之人；庸医    [quack]

***** exaggeration 549

 - aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 - amplify    v.放大；详述    [am-pli-fy]
 + bombastic    a.夸夸其谈的    [bom-bas-tic]
 - caricature    n.讽刺画；滑稽模仿    [car-i-ca-ture]
 - egregious    a.(缺点等)过分的，惊人的    [e-gre-gious]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - fringe    n.(窗帘等)须边；边缘    [fringe]
 - hyperbole    n.夸张法；a.夸张的    [hy-per-bo-le]
 - magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 + overstate    v.夸张，对…言过其实    [o-ver-state]
 + overwrought    a.紧张过度的    [o-ver-wrought]
 - preposterous    a.荒谬的    [pre-pos-ter-ous]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - yarn    n.纱线    [yarn]

** Section III. Means of Communicating Ideas

*** 1. Natural Means

***** indication 550

 - address    v.处理，对付，着手解决；致词    [ad-dress]
 + apostrophe    n.书写中撇号(’)(表示省略或所有格)    [a-pos-tro-phe]
 + appellation    n.名称，称呼    [ap-pel-la-tion]
 + asterisk    n.星号    [as-ter-isk]
 - attest    (to)v.证明    [at-test]
 + badge    n.徽章(如校徽等)    [badge]
 + beacon    n.烽火；灯塔    [bea-con]
 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 - certification    n.证明    [cer-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - characteristic    a.有特色的；典型性的；n.与众不同的特征    [char-ac-ter-is-tic]
 + characterization    n.描绘，刻画    [char-ac-ter-i-za-tion]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - chip    n.薄片，碎片；集成电路片    [chip]
 + choreography    n.舞蹈；舞蹈编排    [cho-re-og-ra-phy]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 - colon    n.冒号    [co-lon]
 - comma    n.逗号    [com-ma]
 - crest    n.山顶，浪尖；羽冠    [crest]
 - criterion    n.评判的标准，尺度    [cri-te-ri-on]
 - cue    v.暗示，提示；n.暗示，提示    [cue]
 + delimit    v.定界，划界    [de-lim-it]
 - demonstrative    a.证明性的；喜怒形于色的    [de-mon-stra-tive]
 - denote    v.表示；指示意义    [de-note]
 - diagonal    a.对角的；n.对角线    [di-ag-o-nal]
 - differentiate    v.辨别，区别    [dif-fer-en-ti-ate]
 + emblematic    a.作为象征的    [em-blem-at-ic]
 - engrave    v.在(硬物)上雕刻    [en-grave]
 + ensign    n.舰旗(船上表示所属国家的旗帜)    [en-sign]
 + epaulet    n.肩章，肩饰    [ep-au-let]
 - exponent    n.说明者，支持者；指数    [ex-po-nent]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - feature    n.特色，特点，特征    [fea-ture]
 + figurehead    n.名义领袖；傀儡    [fig-ure-head]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - gauge    n.标准规格；测量仪；v.测量    [gauge]
 - gesture    n.姿势，手势，姿态    [ges-ture]
 - glance    v./n.一瞥    [glance]
 - hallmark    n.(在金银上的)纯度印记；特征    [hall-mark]
 - hyphen    n.连字号(即“-”)    [hy-phen]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 - imprint    v.盖印，刻印    [im-print]
 - indelible    a.擦拭不掉的，不可磨灭的    [in-del-i-ble]
 - indicate    v.显示，指出；象征    [in-di-cate]
 - indicative    a.暗示的    [in-dic-a-tive]
 - individual    a.单独的，特有的；n.个人，个体    [in-di-vid-u-al]
 - insignia    n.徽章，袖章    [in-sig-ni-a]
 - landmark    n.陆标；里程碑    [land-mark]
 - leer    v.斜眼看，送秋波    [leer]
 - marked    a.明显的；被监视的    [marked]
 + milestone    n.里程碑；转折点    [mile-stone]
 - minutes    n.会议记录    [min-utes]
 - motto    n.座右铭；箴言    [mot-to]
 - nick    n.小伤口，刻痕    [nick]
 - notch    n.V字形刻痕    [notch]
 + nudge    v.(用肘)轻触，轻推    [nudge]
 + pantomime    n.哑剧    [pan-to-mime]
 + pennant    n.(船上用的)信号旗    [pen-nant]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]
 + shrug    v.耸肩(表示怀疑等)    [shrug]
 - signal    n.信号；v.发信号；a.显著的    [sig-nal]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 + stereotype    n.固定形式，老套    [ste-re-o-type]
 - streak    n.线条，条纹；v.加线条    [streak]
 - striate    v.在…加上条纹    [stri-ate]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 - tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]
 - testify    v.见证，证实    [tes-ti-fy]
 + totem    n.图腾，徽章    [to-tem]
 - trait    n.人的显著特性    [trait]
 + trophy    n.奖品，战利品    [tro-phy]
 + underscore    v.在…之下划线；强调    [un-der-score]
 - uniform    n.制服；a.相同的，一致的    [u-ni-form]
 - wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]
 - witness    n.目击者；v.目击    [wit-ness]

***** record 551

 - affidavit    n.宣誓书    [af-fi-da-vit]
 - annals    n.编年史    [an-nals]
 + archive    n.档案室    [ar-chive]
 - commemorate    v.纪念(伟人、大事件等)    [com-mem-o-rate]
 - deed    n.行为；(土地或建筑物的)转让契约、证书    [deed]
 - deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 - document    v.为…提供书面证明    [doc-u-ment]
 + dossier    n.卷宗，档案    [dos-si-er]
 - entry    n.条目；登录；报关手续；入口    [en-try]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 - folder    n.文件夹，纸夹    [fold-er]
 - gazetteer    n.地名词典，地名表    [gaz-et-teer]
 - insert    v.插入    [in-sert]
 - ledger    n.账簿    [ledg-er]
 + legend    n.地图里的说明文字或图例    [leg-end]
 - log    n./v.日志，记录；n.一段大木头；圆木    [log]
 + medal    n.奖牌，勋章    [med-al]
 - memorial    n.纪念碑，纪念物；a.纪念的，悼念的    [me-mo-ri-al]
 - minutes    n.会议记录    [min-utes]
 - notch    n.V字形刻痕    [notch]
 - pillar    n.柱子    [pil-lar]
 - plaque    n.匾；血小板    [plaque]
 - portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 - relic    n.遗物，遗迹    [rel-ic]
 - remains    n.遗址，废墟    [re-mains]
 + scroll    n.卷轴，纸卷；画卷    [scroll]
 - slab    n.厚板，厚块    [slab]
 - tombstone    n.墓碑，墓石    [tomb-stone]
 - trophy    n.奖品，战利品    [tro-phy]
 + vestige    n.痕迹，遗迹    [ves-tige]

***** obliteration 552

 - deface    v.损坏    [de-face]
 - efface    v.擦掉，抹去    [ef-face]
 - erase    v.擦掉，抹去    [e-rase]
 + erasure    n.擦掉，擦痕    [e-ras-ure]
 - expunge    v.删除    [ex-punge]
 - extinction    n.熄灭；消灭    [ex-tinc-tion]
 - obliterate    v.涂掉，擦掉    [o-blit-e-rate]
 - raze    v.彻底破坏    [raze]

***** recorder 553



***** representation 554

 - adumbrate    v.(对将来事件)预示    [ad-um-brate]
 + blueprint    n.蓝图；方案    [blue-print]
 + bust    n.半身(雕)像    [bust]
 - cartographer    n.绘制地图者    [car-tog-ra-pher]
 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - characterization    n.描绘，刻画    [char-ac-ter-i-za-tion]
 - choreography    n.舞蹈；舞蹈编排    [cho-re-og-ra-phy]
 + collage    n.拼贴画    [col-lage]
 + crayon    >n.彩色腊笔、粉笔或其绘画    [cray-on]
 + daguerreotype    n.(早期)银版照相    [da-guerre-o-type]
 + delineate    v.描画    [de-lin-e-ate]
 + depict    v.描绘，描画    [de-pict]
 + diagram    n.图解，图表    [di-a-gram]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - drought    n.干旱；干旱时期    [drought]
 - engrave    v.在(硬物)上雕刻    [en-grave]
 - figurative    a.比喻的，借喻的    [fig-ur-a-tive]
 + figurine    n.小塑像，小雕像    [fig-u-rine]
 - graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 + hieroglyphic    n.象形文字    [hi-er-o-glyph-ic]
 + icon    n.圣像，偶像    [i-con]
 - illustrate    v.为…作插图或图表；说明，阐明    [il-lus-trate]
 - imitation    n.赝品；效法，冒充    [im-i-ta-tion]
 - imitative    a.模仿的    [im-i-ta-tive]
 - impersonate    v.模仿；扮演    [im-per-son-ate]
 + limn    v.描写；画    [limn]
 + marionette    n.木偶    [mar-i-on-ette]
 - mimic    v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人    [mim-ic]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + montage    n.蒙太奇；拼集画    [mon-tage]
 - outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 - personification    n.典型，化身，完美榜样    [per-son-i-fi-ca-tion]
 - plot    n.情节；阴谋；策划    [plot]
 + portray    v.描绘，描述    [por-tray]
 - projection    n.凸出物    [pro-jec-tion]
 - scenario    n.剧情说明书；剧本    [sce-nar-i-o]
 + schematize    v.扼要表示    [sche-ma-tize]
 + scheme    n.阴谋；(作品等)体系，结构    [scheme]

***** misrepresentation 555

 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 - caricature    n.讽刺画；滑稽模仿    [car-i-ca-ture]
 - distort    v.扭曲，弄歪    [dis-tort]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - lampoon    n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺    [lam-poon]
 - misrepresent    v.误传，歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sent]
 - misrepresentation    n.歪曲    [mis-rep-re-sen-ta-tion]
 - parody    n.模仿性嘲弄文章或表演；拙劣的模仿    [par-o-dy]
 - travesty    v./n.歪曲模仿，曲解    [trav-es-ty]
 - understatement    n.轻描淡写的陈述，不充分的陈述    [un-der-state-ment]

***** painting 556

 - canvas    n.画布；帆布    [can-vas]
 + cartoon    n.漫画    [car-toon]
 - collage    n.拼贴画    [col-lage]
 - cosmopolitanism    n.世界性，世界主义    [cos-mo-pol-i-tan-ism]
 - crayon    >n.彩色腊笔、粉笔或其绘画    [cray-on]
 - daguerreotype    n.(早期)银版照相    [da-guerre-o-type]
 - depict    v.描绘，描画    [de-pict]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - draftsmanship    n.起草术，制图术    [drafts-man-ship]
 - easel    n.黑板，画架    [ea-sel]
 - enamel    n.珐琅，瓷釉    [e-nam-el]
 + etching    n.蚀刻术；蚀刻板画    [etch-ing]
 - fresco    n.壁画    [fres-co]
 + genre    n.(文艺的)类型    [gen-re]
 - graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 - limn    v.描写；画    [limn]
 - miniature    n.小画像；缩影    [min-i-a-ture]
 - monochrome    a.单色的，单色画的    [mon-o-chrome]
 - montage    n.蒙太奇；拼集画    [mon-tage]
 - mosaic    n.马赛克；镶嵌细工(把小块玻璃石头等镶嵌成图画)    [mo-sa-ic]
 - outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 + palette    n.调色板，颜料配置    [pal-ette]
 - panorama    n.概观，全景    [pan-o-ra-ma]
 - pastel    n.彩色粉笔或蜡笔画；柔和的色彩    [pas-tel]
 - perspective    n.(判断事物的)角度，方法；透视法    [per-spec-tive]
 + pictorial    a.绘画的；有图片的，用图片表示的    [pic-to-ri-al]
 - profile    n.外形；轮廓侧面像    [pro-file]
 - prospect    v.勘探；n.期望；前景    [pros-pect]
 - school    n.鱼群    [school]
 + stencil    n.(用以刻写图案、文字的)模板；v.用模板刻写    [sten-cil]
 - stipple    v.点画，点描    [stip-ple]
 + tapestry    n.挂毯    [tap-es-try]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]

***** sculpture 557

 - cameo    n.浮雕宝石；生动刻画；(演员)出演    [cam-e-o]
 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + ceramic    n.陶瓷制品；a.陶器的    [ce-ram-ic]
 - chisel    n.凿子；v.凿；欺骗    [chis-el]
 - enamel    n.珐琅，瓷釉    [e-nam-el]
 - marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]
 - medal    n.奖牌，勋章    [med-al]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 - porcelain    n.瓷；瓷器    [por-ce-lain]
 - pottery    n.制陶；陶器    [pot-ter-y]
 - sculpt    v.雕刻    [sculpt]
 + statuary    n.雕像；雕塑艺术    [stat-u-ar-y]

***** engraving 558

 - denture    n.假牙    [den-ture]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 - engrave    v.在(硬物)上雕刻    [en-grave]
 - etch    v.蚀刻)；铭记    [etch]
 - etching    n.蚀刻术；蚀刻板画    [etch-ing]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 - stereotype    n.固定形式，老套    [ste-re-o-type]
 - stipple    v.点画，点描    [stip-ple]

***** artist 559

 + designer    n.设计者，构思者    [de-sign-er]
 - enamel    n.珐琅，瓷釉    [e-nam-el]
 - hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 + sculptor    n.雕刻家    [sculp-tor]
 - statuary    n.雕像；雕塑艺术    [stat-u-ar-y]

*** 2. Conventional Means

*** 1. Language Generally

***** language 560

 + bilingual    a.(说)两种语言的    [bi-lin-gual]
 + dialect    n.方言    [di-a-lect]
 + linguistic    a.语言的    [lin-guis-tic]
 + linguistics    n.语言学    [lin-guis-tics]
 - pantomime    n.哑剧    [pan-to-mime]
 - vernacular    n.本国语，地方语    [ver-nac-u-lar]

***** letter 561

 - affix    v.粘上，贴上；在合同上添写某事物；n.词缀    [af-fix]
 + alphabetical    a.按字母表顺序的    [al-pha-bet-i-cal]
 - anagram    n.变形词    [an-a-gram]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 + clinical    a.临床的；冷静客观的    [clin-i-cal]
 - consonant    a.调和的，一致的    [con-so-nant]
 + hieroglyph    n.象形文字，图画文字    [hi-er-o-glyph]
 - hieroglyphic    n.象形文字    [hi-er-o-glyph-ic]
 - liquid    a.清澈的    [liq-uid]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 + minuscule    a.极小的    [mi-nus-cule]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 - muted    a.(声音)减弱的，变得轻柔的    [mut-ed]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]

***** word 562

 - derivation    n.发展，起源；词源    [der-i-va-tion]
 - derivative    a.派生的；无创意的    [de-riv-a-tive]
 + etymology    n.语源学    [et-y-mol-o-gy]
 - glossary    n.词汇表；难词表    [glos-sa-ry]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - nominal    a.名义上的，有名无实的    [nom-i-nal]
 - terminology    n.术语，术语学    [ter-mi-nol-o-gy]
 + titular    a.有名无实的，名义上的    [tit-u-lar]
 + verbal    a.口头的；与言辞有关的    [ver-bal]

***** neologism 563

 - anagram    n.变形词    [an-a-gram]
 + argot    n.隐语，黑话    [ar-got]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 - colloquial    a.口语的，口头的    [col-lo-qui-al]
 - dialect    n.方言    [di-a-lect]
 + idiom    n.习语，语言的习惯用法；特色    [id-i-om]
 - jargon    n.暗语；行话    [jar-gon]
 + jingoism    n.沙文主义；侵略主义    [jin-go-ism]
 + malapropism    n.字的误用    [mal-a-prop-ism]
 + neologism    n.新字，新义    [ne-ol-o-gism]
 - obsolete    a.废弃的；过时的    [ob-so-lete]
 + pseudonym    n.假名，笔名    [pseu-do-nym]
 - pun    n.双关语    [pun]
 - vernacular    n.本国语，地方语    [ver-nac-u-lar]

***** nomenclature 564

 - appellation    n.名称，称呼    [ap-pel-la-tion]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 - caption    n.标题    [cap-tion]
 + characterize    v.描述或刻画…的特点    [char-ac-ter-ize]
 - denomination    n.命名；(长度，币值的)单位    [de-nom-i-na-tion]
 - designation    n.指定；名称，称呼    [des-ig-na-tion]
 + entitle    v.使有权(做某事)    [en-ti-tle]
 + epithet    n.(贬低人的)短语或形容词    [ep-i-thet]
 - nominal    a.名义上的，有名无实的    [nom-i-nal]
 + surrealism    n.超现实主义    [sur-re-al-ism]
 - titular    a.有名无实的，名义上的    [tit-u-lar]

***** misnomer 565

 + alias    n.化名，别名    [a-li-as]
 + anonymous    a.匿名的    [a-non-y-mous]
 + misnomer    n.名字的误用    [mis-no-mer]
 - pseudonym    n.假名，笔名    [pseu-do-nym]

***** phrase 566

 - idiom    n.习语，语言的习惯用法；特色    [id-i-om]
 - motto    n.座右铭；箴言    [mot-to]
 - paraphrase    v.传译，释义    [par-a-phrase]

***** grammar 567

 - parse    v.对…作语法分析    [parse]

***** solecism 568



***** style 569



***** perspicuity 570

 - definition    n.(轮廓等)清晰；定义    [def-i-ni-tion]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - explicit    a.清楚明确的    [ex-plic-it]
 - lucid    a.表达清楚的，明白易懂的    [lu-cid]
 - perspicuity    n.明晰；聪明睿智    [per-spi-cu-i-ty]

***** obscurity 571

 - crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 - obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]

***** conciseness 572

 - abridge    v.删减；缩短    [a-bridge]
 - abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 - concise    a.简洁的    [con-cise]
 - condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 - curt    a.(言词、行为)简略而草率的    [curt]
 - ellipsis    n.省略    [el-lip-sis]
 - elliptical    a.椭圆的；晦涩的；省略的    [el-lip-ti-cal]
 - epitome    n.典型；梗概    [e-pit-o-me]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - holster    n.手枪皮套    [hol-ster]
 + laconic    a.简洁的    [la-con-ic]
 - pithy    a.(讲话或文章)简练的    [pith-y]
 - pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - quaint    a.离奇有趣的    [quaint]
 + succinct    a.简明的，简洁的    [suc-cinct]
 - summarily    adv.概括地；仓促地    [sum-mar-i-ly]
 - summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]
 + terse    a.简洁的，简明的    [terse]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]

***** diffuseness 573

 - amplify    v.放大；详述    [am-pli-fy]
 + circumlocution    n.迂回累赘的陈述    [cir-cum-lo-cu-tion]
 + copious    a.丰富的，多产的    [co-pi-ous]
 - diffuse    v.散布，(光等)漫射；a.漫射的，散漫的    [dif-fuse]
 - digress    v.离题    [di-gress]
 - dilate    v.(身体某部位)张大，扩大    [di-late]
 - discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 - excursive    a.离题的，随意的    [ex-cur-sive]
 - expand    v.扩大，膨胀    [ex-pand]
 + exuberance    n.愉快；茁壮    [ex-u-ber-ance]
 + exuberant    a.(人)充满活力的(植物)茂盛的    [ex-u-ber-ant]
 - frothy    a.起泡的；空洞的    [froth-y]
 - inflate    v.使充气，使膨胀    [in-flate]
 - long-winded    a.冗长的    [long-wind-ed]
 - profuse    a.很多的；浪费的    [pro-fuse]
 + prolix    a.啰嗦的，冗长的    [pro-lix]
 + prolixity    n.罗嗦    [pro-lix-i-ty]
 + prose    n.散文    [prose]
 - protract    v.延长，拖长    [pro-tract]
 - ramble    n./v.漫步    [ram-ble]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - redundancy    n.过剩；备份；似乎多余其实重要的后备力量    [re-dun-dan-cy]
 - spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - verbiage    n.罗嗦，冗长    [ver-bi-age]
 + verbose    a.冗长的，罗嗦的    [ver-bose]

***** vigor 574

 - antithesis    n.对立；相对    [an-tith-e-sis]
 + eloquence    n.雄辩，精彩演讲    [el-o-quence]
 - glow    v./n.光亮，发热；(脸)红    [glow]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 + impassioned    a.慷慨激昂的    [im-pas-sioned]
 - incisive    a.一针见血的    [in-ci-sive]
 - intellectual    a.智力的，理智的；n.知识分子    [in-tel-lec-tu-al]
 - lofty    a.崇高的，高尚的    [loft-y]
 + petulant    a.性急的，暴躁的    [pet-u-lant]
 - piquant    a.辛辣的，开胃的；兴奋的    [pi-quant]
 - pithy    a.(讲话或文章)简练的    [pith-y]
 - pungent    a.味道刺激的；苛刻的    [pun-gent]
 - racy    a.活泼的，生动的    [rac-y]
 - sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 - verve    n.(艺术作品的)神韵；(人)生机    [verve]
 - vigorous    a.精力旺盛的，健壮的    [vig-or-ous]

***** feebleness 575

 - bland    a.(人)情绪平稳的；(食物)无味的    [bland]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - feeble    a.虚弱的    [fee-ble]
 - frigid    a.寒冷的；死板的    [frig-id]
 - halfhearted    a.不认真的，不热心的    [half-heart-ed]
 + jejune    a.空洞的；不成熟的    [je-june]
 - languid    a.没精打采的，倦怠的    [lan-guid]
 - lukewarm    a.微温的，不热心的    [luke-warm]
 - meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - prosaic    a.单调的，无趣的    [pro-sa-ic]
 - puerile    a.幼稚的；儿童的    [pu-er-ile]
 - sketchy    a.概略的，粗略的    [sketch-y]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + slipshod    a.马虎的，草率的    [slip-shod]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - vapid    a.索然无味的    [vap-id]

***** plainness 576

 - chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - prosaic    a.单调的，无趣的    [pro-sa-ic]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]

***** ornament 577

 - antithesis    n.对立；相对    [an-tith-e-sis]
 - artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 - bombast    n.高调，夸大之辞    [bom-bast]
 - bombastic    a.夸夸其谈的    [bom-bas-tic]
 + declamation    n.雄辩，高调    [dec-la-ma-tion]
 + euphemism    n.婉言，委婉的说法    [eu-phe-mism]
 - figurative    a.比喻的，借喻的    [fig-ur-a-tive]
 + flamboyant    a.艳丽的，炫耀的    [flam-boy-ant]
 - florid    a.华丽的；(脸)红润的    [flor-id]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - frothy    a.起泡的；空洞的    [froth-y]
 + grandiose    a.宏伟的；夸大的    [gran-di-ose]
 + ornate    a.华美的；充满装饰的    [or-nate]
 + pompous    a.自大的    [pomp-ous]
 + pretension    n.自命不凡，夸耀    [pre-ten-sion]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - stilted    a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的    [stilt-ed]
 - turgid    a.浮肿的，肿胀的；浮夸的    [tur-gid]

***** elegance 578

 - antithesis    n.对立；相对    [an-tith-e-sis]
 - chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - euphemism    n.婉言，委婉的说法    [eu-phe-mism]
 - euphonious    a.悦耳的    [eu-pho-ni-ous]
 - felicitous    a.(话语等)适当的，得体的    [fe-lic-i-tous]
 + grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - mellifluous    a.(音乐等)柔美流畅的    [mel-lif-lu-ous]
 - purity    n.纯洁，纯净；纯度    [pu-ri-ty]
 - scrutable    a.可以理解的    [scru-ta-ble]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 + understated    a.不完全陈述的，轻描淡写的    [un-der-stat-ed]

***** inelegance 579

 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 - artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 + awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - barbarous    a.野蛮的；残暴的    [bar-ba-rous]
 - cacophony    n.难听的声音    [ca-coph-o-ny]
 + halting    a.踌躇的，吞吞吐吐的    [halt-ing]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 + heavy-handedness    n.笨拙，粗劣    [heav-y-hand-ed-ness]
 + labored    a.吃力的；(文体等)不自然的    [la-bored]
 + mannered    a.做作的    [man-nered]
 - ponderous    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [pon-der-ous]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - turgid    a.浮肿的，肿胀的；浮夸的    [tur-gid]
 + uncouth    a.粗野笨拙的    [un-couth]

*** 2. Spoken Language

***** voice 580

 + accentuate    v.重读；强调    [ac-cen-tu-ate]
 + articulate    v.清楚说话    [ar-tic-u-late]
 - distinct    a.清楚的，明显的    [dis-tinct]
 - enunciate    v.发音；(清楚地)表达    [e-nun-ci-ate]
 - euphonious    a.悦耳的    [eu-pho-ni-ous]
 + exclamation    n.惊叹词，惊呼    [ex-cla-ma-tion]
 - phonetic    a.语音的    [pho-net-ic]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]
 + ventriloquist    n.口技表演者，会口技的人    [ven-tril-o-quist]

***** aphony 581

 - dummy    n.人体模型，假人    [dum-my]
 - husky    a.声音沙哑的    [husk-y]
 - muffle    v.使声音降低；裹住    [muf-fle]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 + raucous    a.(声音)沙哑的，粗糙的    [rau-cous]
 - sepulchral    a.坟墓的；阴深的    [se-pul-chral]
 - smother    v.覆盖；(使)闷死    [smoth-er]
 - whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]

***** speech 582

 + declaim    v.高谈阔论    [de-claim]
 - declamation    n.雄辩，高调    [dec-la-ma-tion]
 - discourse    n.演讲，论述    [dis-course]
 + elocution    n.演说术    [el-o-cu-tion]
 - eloquence    n.雄辩，精彩演讲    [el-o-quence]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 + harangue    n.长篇指责性演说    [ha-rangue]
 + homiletics    n.讲道术，说教术    [hom-i-let-ics]
 + oration    n.正式演说，演讲    [o-ra-tion]
 + oratory    n.演讲术    [or-a-to-ry]
 - outspoken    a.直言不讳的    [out-spo-ken]
 + parlance    n.说法，用语，词汇    [par-lance]
 - phonetic    a.语音的    [pho-net-ic]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - rave    n.热切赞扬；v.狂语    [rave]
 + rhetoric    n.修辞学，浮夸的言语    [rhet-o-ric]
 - sermon    n.布道；说教，训诫    [ser-mon]
 + tirade    n.长篇的攻击性讲话    [ti-rade]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]

***** stammering 583

 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 - croak    n.蛙鸣声；v.发牢骚，抱怨    [croak]
 - drawl    v./n.慢吞吞地说话（态度）    [drawl]
 - falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - jabber    v.快而不清楚地说    [jab-ber]
 - mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 - muffle    v.使声音降低；裹住    [muf-fle]
 - mumble    v.咕哝，含糊不清地说    [mum-ble]
 - mutter    v.咕哝，嘀咕    [mut-ter]
 + stammer    v.口吃，结巴    [stam-mer]
 + stutter    n./v.口吃，结巴    [stut-ter]
 - whisper    v.耳语，低声说话    [whis-per]

***** loquacity 584

 - babble    v.胡言乱语；牙牙学语；喋喋不休    [bab-ble]
 + flippant    a.无礼的；轻率的    [flip-pant]
 + garrulity    n.唠叨，饶舌    [gar-ru-li-ty]
 + garrulous    a.唠叨的，多话的    [gar-ru-lous]
 + glib    a.流利圆滑的，善辩的    [glib]
 + gregariousness    n.群居；合群    [gre-gar-i-ous-ness]
 - jabber    v.快而不清楚地说    [jab-ber]
 + loquacious    a.多嘴的，饶舌的    [lo-qua-cious]
 + magpie    n.鹊；饶舌的人    [mag-pie]
 - poll    n.民意测验；选举投票    [poll]
 + prate    v.瞎扯，胡说    [prate]
 - prose    n.散文    [prose]
 - rattle    v.使格格作响；使慌乱    [rat-tle]
 + voluble    a.健谈的；易旋转的    [vol-u-ble]
 + windbag    n.饶舌之人    [wind-bag]

***** taciturnity 585

 - curt    a.(言词、行为)简略而草率的    [curt]
 - hush    v./n.肃静，安静    [hush]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - reticent    a.沉默不语的    [ret-i-cent]
 - taciturn    a.沉默寡言的    [tac-i-turn]

***** allocution 586

 + accost    v.搭话    [ac-cost]
 - address    v.处理，对付，着手解决；致词    [ad-dress]
 - apostrophe    n.书写中撇号(’)(表示省略或所有格)    [a-pos-tro-phe]
 - appeal    v.恳求；吸引；上诉    [ap-peal]
 - audience    n.听众，观众；读者    [au-di-ence]
 + invoke    v.祈求；恳求；(法律的)实施生效    [in-voke]
 + salutation    n.招呼，致意，敬礼    [sal-u-ta-tion]
 + salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]

***** response 587



***** conversation 588

 - audience    n.听众，观众；读者    [au-di-ence]
 - babble    v.胡言乱语；牙牙学语；喋喋不休    [bab-ble]
 - colloquial    a.口语的，口头的    [col-lo-qui-al]
 - commune    n.公社；v.与某人亲密地交谈    [com-mune]
 + confer    v.讨论，商谈；赠予    [con-fer]
 + conference    n.讨论会，协商会    [con-fer-ence]
 - converse    v.谈话；a.逆向的n.相反的事物    [con-verse]
 - debate    n.正式的辩论，讨论    [de-bate]
 - discourse    n.演讲，论述    [dis-course]
 - discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 - pollster    n.民意测验家    [poll-ster]
 - prate    v.瞎扯，胡说    [prate]

***** soliloquy 589

 - apostrophe    n.书写中撇号(’)(表示省略或所有格)    [a-pos-tro-phe]
 + monologue    n.独白；个人长篇演说    [mon-o-logue]

*** 3. Written Language

***** writing 590

 + artistry    n.艺术技巧    [art-ist-ry]
 + calligraphy    n.书法    [cal-lig-ra-phy]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 + dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 - dossier    n.卷宗，档案    [dos-si-er]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 + engross    v.全神贯注于    [en-gross]
 - hieroglyph    n.象形文字，图画文字    [hi-er-o-glyph]
 - hieroglyphic    n.象形文字    [hi-er-o-glyph-ic]
 + inscribe    v.在某物上写，题    [in-scribe]
 - manifold    a.繁多的；多种的    [man-i-fold]
 + manuscript    n.手稿；手抄本    [man-u-script]
 - marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]
 + papyrus    n.莎草；莎草纸    [pa-py-rus]
 - pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 - pillar    n.柱子    [pil-lar]
 + quill    n.(豪猪等动物的)刺    [quill]
 + scrawl    v.潦草地写，乱涂    [scrawl]
 + scribble    v.乱写，乱涂    [scrib-ble]
 + script    n.剧本，脚本    [script]
 + slate    n.石板；候选人名单；v.提名    [slate]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 - transcribe    v.抄写，转录    [tran-scribe]

***** printing 591

 + bourgeois    a.中产阶级的；自私拜物的    [bour-geois]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - context    n.(语句等的)上下文    [con-text]
 - distribute    v.分发，分配某事物    [dis-trib-ute]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 + justification    n.正当理由，好的（正义的）原因；辨护    [jus-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - matrix    n.模子；矩阵    [ma-trix]
 - offset    v.补偿，抵消    [off-set]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - revise    n./v.改变，修正    [re-vise]
 - scale    n.鱼鳞；(音乐)音阶    [scale]
 - shoulder    n.肩；路肩    [shoul-der]
 - stereotype    n.固定形式，老套    [ste-re-o-type]
 + typographical    a.印刷上的    [ty-po-graph-i-cal]

***** correspondence 592

 - circular    a.圆形的    [cir-cu-lar]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]

***** book 593

 + bibliography    n.文献学；参考书目    [bib-li-og-ra-phy]
 + brochure    n.小册子，说明书    [bro-chure]
 - circular    a.圆形的    [cir-cu-lar]
 - clause    n.从句；(法律等)条款    [clause]
 - encyclopedia    n.百科全书    [en-cy-clo-pe-di-a]
 - folder    n.文件夹，纸夹    [fold-er]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 + libretto    n.(歌剧等)歌词；剧本    [li-bret-to]
 + pamphlet    n.小册子    [pam-phlet]
 - pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 - periodical    n.期刊    [pe-ri-od-i-cal]
 - portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 + ream    n.令(纸张的计数单位)    [ream]
 - reportorial    a.记者的；记实的    [re-por-to-ri-al]
 - serial    a.连续的，一系列的    [se-ri-al]
 - tract    n.传单；大片土地    [tract]
 + treatise    n.论文    [trea-tise]

***** description 594

 + anecdote    n.短故事；轶事    [an-ec-dote]
 - annals    n.编年史    [an-nals]
 + autobiography    n.自传    [au-to-bi-og-ra-phy]
 - characterize    v.描述或刻画…的特点    [char-ac-ter-ize]
 + epic    n.叙事诗，史诗；a.英雄的；大规模的    [ep-ic]
 - graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 - legend    n.地图里的说明文字或图例    [leg-end]
 + memoir    n.回忆录，自传；记事录    [mem-oir]
 + narrative    a.叙述的，讲故事的    [nar-ra-tive]
 - obituary    n.讣闻，讣告    [o-bi-tu-ar-y]
 - parable    n.寓言，比喻    [par-a-ble]
 - particularize    v.详述，列举    [par-tic-u-lar-ize]
 - portray    v.描绘，描述    [por-tray]
 + raconteur    n.善于讲故事的人    [rac-on-teur]
 - recapitulate    v.扼要重述    [re-ca-pit-u-late]
 + recital    n.独奏；吟诵    [re-cit-al]
 - rehearsal    n.排演，演习    [re-hears-al]
 - rehearse    v.排练，预演；详述    [re-hearse]
 - relate    v.讲述；有关联    [re-late]
 - suggestive    a.暗示的    [sug-ges-tive]
 - trait    n.人的显著特性    [trait]

***** dissertation 595

 - commentary    n.实况报道；(对书等的)集注    [com-men-tar-y]
 - critic    n.批评者    [crit-ic]
 - critique    n.批评性的分析    [cri-tique]
 - discourse    n.演讲，论述    [dis-course]
 - discursive    a.散漫的，无层次的    [dis-cur-sive]
 + dissertation    n.专题论文    [dis-ser-ta-tion]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - expository    a.说明的    [ex-pos-i-to-ry]
 - memoir    n.回忆录，自传；记事录    [mem-oir]
 - sermon    n.布道；说教，训诫    [ser-mon]
 - thesis    n.论题，论文    [the-sis]
 - tract    n.传单；大片土地    [tract]
 - treatise    n.论文    [trea-tise]

***** compendium 596

 - abbreviate    v.缩短；缩写    [ab-bre-vi-ate]
 - abridge    v.删减；缩短    [a-bridge]
 - abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 + anthology    n.诗集，文选    [an-thol-o-gy]
 - compendium    n.简要，概略    [com-pen-di-um]
 - compile    v.汇集；编辑    [com-pile]
 - condense    v.浓缩    [con-dense]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - epitome    n.典型；梗概    [e-pit-o-me]
 - epitomize    v.概括，摘要    [e-pit-o-mize]
 - recapitulate    v.扼要重述    [re-ca-pit-u-late]
 - resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 - skim    v.从液体表面撇去；浏览，略读    [skim]
 - summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]
 + syllabus    n.教学纲要    [syl-la-bus]
 - synopsis    n.摘要，概要    [syn-op-sis]
 + synoptic    a.摘要的    [syn-op-tic]

***** poetry 597

 - anthology    n.诗集，文选    [an-thol-o-gy]
 - ballad    n.歌谣，小曲    [bal-lad]
 - bard    n.吟游诗人    [bard]
 - bucolic    a.乡村的；牧羊的    [bu-col-ic]
 + canto    n.(长诗的)篇    [can-to]
 + doggerel    n.歪诗，打油诗    [dog-ger-el]
 - elegy    n.哀歌，挽歌    [el-e-gy]
 - epic    n.叙事诗，史诗；a.英雄的；大规模的    [ep-ic]
 - idyll    n.田园生活；田园诗    [i-dyll]
 - limerick    n.五行打油诗    [lim-er-ick]
 - lullaby    n.摇篮曲    [lull-a-by]
 - lyric    a.抒情的；n.抒情诗；歌词    [lyr-ic]
 - madrigal    n.抒情短诗，情歌，合唱曲    [mad-ri-gal]
 - metrical    a.测量的；韵律的    [met-ri-cal]
 + ode    n.长诗，颂歌    [ode]
 - pastoral    a.田园生活的；宁静的    [pas-to-ral]
 - rhyme    n.押韵；v.押韵    [rhyme]
 - rhythmic    a.有节奏的    [rhyth-mic]
 - runic    a.北欧古代文字的；神秘的    [ru-nic]
 + sonnet    n.十四行诗    [son-net]
 + stanza    n.(诗)节，段    [stan-za]
 - verse    n.诗歌    [verse]

***** prose 598

 - bromide    n.平庸的人或话    [bro-mide]
 - prosaic    a.单调的，无趣的    [pro-sa-ic]
 - prose    n.散文    [prose]

***** drama 599

 - acrobat    n.特技演员，杂技演员    [ac-ro-bat]
 - auditorium    n.礼堂；观众席    [au-di-to-ri-um]
 - backdrop    n.(事情的)背景，背景幕布    [back-drop]
 + ballerina    n.芭蕾舞女演员    [bal-le-ri-na]
 + buffoon    n.演出时的丑角；粗俗而愚蠢的人    [buf-foon]
 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 - charade    n.用动作等表演文字意义的字谜游戏    [cha-rade]
 + comedienne    n.说笑话、演滑稽剧等的女演员    [co-me-di-enne]
 + comic    a.可笑的；喜剧的；n.喜剧演员    [com-ic]
 + emote    v.激动地表达感情    [e-mote]
 + enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 + entrepreneur    n.企业家，创业人    [en-tre-pre-neur]
 - epilogue    n.收场白；尾声    [ep-i-logue]
 - farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 - gesture    n.姿势，手势，姿态    [ges-ture]
 + histrionic    a.演戏的；剧院的    [his-tri-on-ic]
 + impresario    n.(剧院或乐团等)经理人，主办者    [im-pre-sa-ri-o]
 - induction    n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳    [in-duc-tion]
 - interlude    n.(活动间的)暂时休息    [in-ter-lude]
 - libretto    n.(歌剧等)歌词；剧本    [li-bret-to]
 + melodrama    n.情节剧；音乐戏剧    [mel-o-dra-ma]
 - mime    n.哑剧表演；哑剧(演员)    [mime]
 - mimic    v.模仿，戏弄；n.模仿他人言行的人    [mim-ic]
 - mute    a.沉默的；v.减弱声音；n.弱音器    [mute]
 - nova    n.新星    [no-va]
 + offstage    adv./a.台后(的)，幕后(的)    [off-stage]
 - orchestra    n.管弦乐队    [or-ches-tra]
 - pantomime    n.哑剧    [pan-to-mime]
 + parquet    n.镶木地板    [par-quet]
 - preview    v./n.预演，预展    [pre-view]
 - prologue    n.开场白；序幕    [pro-logue]
 + protagonist    n.提议者，支持者    [pro-tag-o-nist]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - rehearse    v.排练，预演；详述    [re-hearse]
 + repertoire    n.(剧团等)常备剧目    [rep-er-toire]
 + revue    n.时事讽刺剧    [re-vue]
 + sideshow    n.杂耍，穿插表演    [side-show]
 - sock    v.重击，痛打    [sock]
 + tragedy    n.悲剧，惨事，灾难    [trag-e-dy]
 + upstage    a.骄傲的，高傲的    [up-stage]

* Class V. Words Relating to the Voluntary Powers

* Division I. Individual Volition

** Section I. Volition in General

*** 1. Acts Of Volition

***** will 600

 - determination    n.决心；确定；预测    [de-ter-mi-na-tion]
 + discretion    n.谨慎，审慎    [dis-cre-tion]
 + discretionary    a.自由决定的    [dis-cre-tion-ar-y]
 + enjoin    v.命令，吩咐    [en-join]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 + optional    a.可自由选择的    [op-tion-al]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]
 - originality    n.创造性，独特性    [o-rig-i-nal-i-ty]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + spontaneity    n.自然，自发    [spon-ta-ne-i-ty]
 + spontaneous    a.自发的；自然的    [spon-ta-ne-ous]
 + volition    n.决断力，意志    [vo-li-tion]
 + willful    a.任性的；故意的    [will-ful]

***** necessity 601

 - compel    v.强迫    [com-pel]
 + compulsion    n.强迫；难以抗拒的冲动    [com-pul-sion]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 + inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 - instinctive    a.本能的    [in-stinc-tive]
 + involuntary    a.无意的    [in-vol-un-tar-y]
 - irrevocable    a.无法取消的    [ir-rev-o-ca-ble]
 + mechanical    a.机械的，机械制造的；机械似的，呆板的，体力的    [me-chan-i-cal]
 + obligation    n.责任；债务，欠的人情    [ob-li-ga-tion]
 - planet    n.行星    [plan-et]
 - predestine    v.注定    [pre-des-tine]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - unconscious    a.不省人事的；未意识到的    [un-con-scious]
 - unwitting    a.无心的，不经意的    [un-wit-ting]

***** willingness 602

 - acquiesce    v.勉强同意，默许    [ac-qui-esce]
 + alacrity    n.乐意，欣然；敏捷，活泼    [a-lac-ri-ty]
 + animus    n.敌意，憎恨    [an-i-mus]
 - aptitude    n.适宜；才能，资质    [ap-ti-tude]
 + asset    n.财产；可取之处    [as-set]
 - bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 + compliance    n.顺从，遵从    [com-pli-ance]
 - comply    v.遵循，顺从    [com-ply]
 - content    a.知足的，满意的；n.内容；满意    [con-tent]
 + disposed    a.愿意的，想干的    [dis-posed]
 - disposition    n.处理；天性，气质    [dis-po-si-tion]
 - docile    a.驯服的，听话的    [doc-ile]
 + earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 + facile    a.容易做的；肤浅的    [fac-ile]
 - favorable    a.有利的；赞成的    [fa-vor-a-ble]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - genial    a.愉快的，脾气好的    [ge-ni-al]
 + goodwill    n.友好    [good-will]
 + gracious    a.大方的，和善的；奢华的    [gra-cious]
 - gratuitous    a.无缘无故的；免费的    [gra-tu-i-tous]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 + penchant    n.爱好，嗜好    [pen-chant]
 - ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 - receptive    a.善于接受的；从善如流的    [re-cep-tive]
 + responsiveness    n.应答，响应    [re-spon-sive-ness]
 - spontaneous    a.自发的；自然的    [spon-ta-ne-ous]
 - tractability    n.温顺    [tractability]
 - tractable    a.易于驾驭的，温顺的    [trac-ta-ble]

***** unwillingness 603

 + adverse    a.不利的，相反的；敌对    [ad-verse]
 + averse    a.不愿的，反对的    [a-verse]
 + avoid    v.避开，躲避    [a-void]
 + begrudge    v.吝啬，勉强给    [be-grudge]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - demur    v.表示异议，反对    [de-mur]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]
 - involuntary    a.无意的    [in-vol-un-tar-y]
 + loath    a.不情愿的，勉强的    [loath]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 + qualms    n.疑虑(尤指有关良心问题的)    [qualms]
 - recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 - remiss    a.疏忽的，不留心的    [re-miss]
 - repugnant    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pug-nant]
 + restive    a.不安静的，不安宁的    [res-tive]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - swerve    v.突然改变方向    [swerve]

***** resolution 604

 - aplomb    n.沉着，镇静    [a-plomb]
 - definitive    a.明确的，有权威的    [de-fin-i-tive]
 - determination    n.决心；确定；预测    [de-ter-mi-na-tion]
 - earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 - grit    n.沙粒；决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关    [grit]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 - obstinate    a.固执的，倔强的    [ob-sti-nate]
 - peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 + relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 - tackiness    n.胶粘性    [tack-i-ness]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]

***** perseverance 604.a

 - adhere    v.粘着    [ad-here]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 - constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - grit    n.沙粒；决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关    [grit]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - homeostasis    n.体内平衡    [ho-me-o-sta-sis]
 + indefatigable    a.不知疲倦的    [in-de-fat-i-ga-ble]
 - industrious    a.勤劳的，勤勉的    [in-dus-tri-ous]
 - permanence    n.永久，持久    [per-ma-nence]
 - persistence    n.坚持不懈，持续    [per-sis-tence]
 + pertinacious    a.固执的；无法驾御的；不妥协的    [per-ti-na-cious]
 - plod    v.重步走；吃力地干    [plod]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 + sedulity    n.勤奋，勤勉    [se-du-li-ty]
 - stanch    v.制止(血液)，止住    [stanch]
 - steadfast    a.忠实的；不变的    [stead-fast]
 - sturdy    a.(身体)强健的；结实的    [stur-dy]
 - unremitting    a.不间断的，持续的    [un-re-mit-ting]

***** irresolution 605

 - alternate    a.轮流的，交替的；v.轮流，交替n.候选人，替代性选择    [al-ter-nate]
 - ambivalence    n.矛盾心理    [am-biv-a-lence]
 - ambivalent    a.(对人或物)有矛盾看法的    [am-biv-a-lent]
 + boggle    v.畏缩不前；使退缩    [bog-gle]
 + caprice    n.奇思怪想，变化无常，任性    [ca-price]
 - capricious    a.变化无常的，任性的    [ca-pri-cious]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 - dally    v.闲荡，嬉戏    [dal-ly]
 - dawdle    v.闲荡，虚度    [daw-dle]
 - debate    n.正式的辩论，讨论    [de-bate]
 - demur    v.表示异议，反对    [de-mur]
 - facile    a.容易做的；肤浅的    [fac-ile]
 - falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - fickle    a.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的    [fick-le]
 - fluctuate    v.波动；变化    [fluc-tu-ate]
 - frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 - frothy    a.起泡的；空洞的    [froth-y]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 - hover    v.翱翔；(人)徘徊    [hov-er]
 - levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 - palter    v.含糊其词    [pal-ter]
 - pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 + retract    v.缩回，收回    [re-tract]
 - suspense    n.悬念；挂念    [sus-pense]
 + timid    a.胆怯的    [tim-id]
 - timidity    n.胆怯    [ti-mid-i-ty]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 - volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]

***** obstinacy 606

 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 - bigot    n.(宗教、政治等的)盲信者；心胸狭窄者    [big-ot]
 - chauvinistic    a.沙文主义的，过分爱国主义的    [chau-vin-is-tic]
 + contumacious    a.违抗的，不服从的    [con-tu-ma-cious]
 + diehard    n.顽固分子    [die-hard]
 + dogged    a.顽强的    [dog-ged]
 - dogmatism    n.教条主义，武断    [dog-ma-tism]
 - fanatic    n.狂热者    [fa-nat-ic]
 - headstrong    a.刚愎自用的    [head-strong]
 + hidebound    a.顽固的，心胸狭窄的    [hide-bound]
 - impervious    a.不能渗透的；不为所动的    [im-per-vi-ous]
 - incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 - inert    a.惰性的；行动迟钝的    [in-ert]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 + intractable    a.倔强的；难管的    [in-trac-ta-ble]
 - intransigent    a.不妥协的    [in-tran-si-gent]
 - monomania    n.偏狂症，狂热病    [mon-o-ma-ni-a]
 + mulish    a.骡一样的，执拗的    [mul-ish]
 + obdurate    a.固执的，顽固的    [ob-du-rate]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 - obstinate    a.固执的，倔强的    [ob-sti-nate]
 + refractory    a.倔强的；反应迟钝的    [re-frac-to-ry]
 - restive    a.不安静的，不安宁的    [res-tive]
 + restiveness    n.倔强；难以驾御    [res-tive-ness]
 + stickler    n.坚持细节之人    [stick-ler]
 - stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 + sullen    a.忧郁的    [sul-len]
 - tenacious    a.坚韧不拔的    [te-na-cious]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]
 - tendentious    a.有偏见的    [ten-den-tious]
 - unmoved    a.无动于衷的，冷漠的；镇定的    [un-moved]
 - willful    a.任性的；故意的    [will-ful]
 + xenophobe    n.惧外者；排外者    [xen-o-phobe]
 + zealotry    n.狂热行为    [zeal-ot-ry]

***** tergiversation 607

 + abjure    v.发誓放弃    [ab-jure]
 - ambidextrous    a.十分灵巧的    [am-bi-dex-trous]
 + apostasy    n.背教，脱党    [a-pos-ta-sy]
 - apostate    n.背教者；变节者    [a-pos-tate]
 - convert    v.使改变(信仰等)；n.改变信仰的人    [con-vert]
 + deserter    n.背弃者，逃亡者    [de-sert-er]
 + flinch    v.畏缩，退缩    [flinch]
 - reactionary    a.保守的，反动的    [re-ac-tion-ar-y]
 - recall    v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回    [re-call]
 - recant    v.改变，放弃(以前的信仰)    [re-cant]
 - recantation    n.改变宗教信仰    [recantation]
 - reminisce    v.追忆，怀旧    [rem-i-nisce]
 - renegade    n.叛教者，叛徒    [ren-e-gade]
 + renege    v.背信，违约    [re-nege]
 + renounce    v.(正式)放弃    [re-nounce]
 - rescind    v.废除，取消    [re-scind]
 - retract    v.缩回，收回    [re-tract]
 - swerve    v.突然改变方向    [swerve]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 + turncoat    n.背叛者，变节者    [turn-coat]
 - vacillate    v.游移不定，踌躇    [vac-il-late]
 - waver    v.摇摆，犹豫    [wa-ver]

***** caprice 608

 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 - caprice    n.奇思怪想，变化无常，任性    [ca-price]
 - capricious    a.变化无常的，任性的    [ca-pri-cious]
 + captious    a.吹毛求疵的    [cap-tious]
 - eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 - erratic    a.反复无常的；古怪的    [er-rat-ic]
 - fad    n.(流行一时的)狂热，时尚    [fad]
 - fickle    a.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的    [fick-le]
 - frivolous    a.轻薄的，轻佻的    [friv-o-lous]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 + prank    n.恶作剧，玩笑    [prank]
 - quirk    n.奇事；怪癖    [quirk]
 - vagary    n.奇想，异想天开    [va-gar-y]
 - vicissitudinous    a.有变化的，变迁的    [vicissitudinous]
 - volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]
 - whim    n.多变，怪念头    [whim]
 - whimsical    a.古怪的，异想天开的    [whim-si-cal]
 - whimsy    n.古怪，异想天开    [whimsy]

***** choice 609

 - adopt    v.收养；采纳    [a-dopt]
 + choice    a.上等的；精选的    [choice]
 - dilemma    n.困境，左右为难    [di-lem-ma]
 - discretion    n.谨慎，审慎    [dis-cre-tion]
 + eclectic    a.折衷的，综合性的    [ec-lec-tic]
 + eclecticism    n.折衷主义    [ec-lec-ti-cism]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 + espouse    v.支持，拥护    [es-pouse]
 + glean    v.拾落穗；收集(材料等)    [glean]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 - optional    a.可自由选择的    [op-tion-al]
 - poll    n.民意测验；选举投票    [poll]
 - predilection    n.偏袒，爱好    [pre-di-lec-tion]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 - winnow    v.把(谷物)的杂质吹掉，扬去    [win-now]

***** absence of choice 609.a

 + coercion    n.强制，高压统治    [co-er-cion]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]

***** rejection 610

 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - disclaim    v.放弃权利；拒绝承认    [dis-claim]
 - exclude    v.排斥；排除    [ex-clude]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - spin    v.旋转；纺，纺纱；n.旋转    [spin]

***** predetermination 611

 - calculated    a.蓄意的    [cal-cu-lat-ed]
 - cunning    a.善于骗人的；灵巧的；n.欺诈行为    [cun-ning]
 - predestine    v.注定    [pre-des-tine]
 + premeditate    v.预先想过，预谋    [pre-med-i-tate]
 + premeditated    a.预谋的，事先计划的    [pre-med-i-tat-ed]
 + studied    a.慎重的；认真习得的    [stud-ied]

***** impulse 612

 - extemporaneous    a.即席的，没有准备的    [ex-tem-po-ra-ne-ous]
 + extemporize    v.即席演说    [ex-tem-po-rize]
 + impromptu    a.即席的，即兴的    [im-promp-tu]
 - improvise    v.即席而作    [im-pro-vise]
 + improvised    a.临时准备的，即席而作的    [im-pro-vised]
 - impulse    n.冲动；刺激    [im-pulse]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - instinctive    a.本能的    [in-stinc-tive]
 - offhand    adv./a.事先无准备地(的)；随便地(的)    [off-hand]
 - spontaneous    a.自发的；自然的    [spon-ta-ne-ous]
 + unpremeditated    a.非预谋的    [un-pre-med-i-tat-ed]

***** habit 613

 - acclimate    v.使服水土; 使适应    [ac-cli-mate]
 + addict    v./n.沉溺；上瘾(者)    [ad-dict]
 - adhere    v.粘着    [ad-here]
 + banal    a.陈腐的    [ba-nal]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 - commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 - conformity    n.一致，遵从；顺众    [con-form-i-ty]
 - conventional    a.因循守旧的，传统的    [con-ven-tion-al]
 + devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 + etiquette    n.礼仪；礼节    [et-i-quette]
 - frequent    v.时常来访；a.惯常的    [fre-quent]
 - groove    n.凹线；(刻出的)线条；习惯    [groove]
 - habituate    v.使习惯于    [ha-bit-u-ate]
 - hackneyed    a.陈腐的，平常的    [hack-neyed]
 - harden    v.变硬，变坚强    [hard-en]
 - ingrained    a.根深蒂固的    [in-grained]
 - inveterate    a.积习已深的    [in-vet-er-ate]
 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 + knack    n.特殊能力；窍门    [knack]
 - mode    n.样式，时尚；模式    [mode]
 + mores    n.风俗习惯，道德观念    [mo-res]
 - permanent    a.长久的，永久的    [per-ma-nent]
 - prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 - seasoned    a.有经验的，训练有素的    [seasoned]
 - seasoning    n.调味品，佐料    [sea-son-ing]
 - shopworn    a.在商店中陈列旧了的    [shop-worn]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - trite    a.陈腐的，陈词滥调的    [trite]
 - vernacular    n.本国语，地方语    [ver-nac-u-lar]
 + vogue    n.时髦，时尚；a.流行的    [vogue]

***** desuetude 614

 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - unwonted    a.不寻常的，不习惯的    [un-wont-ed]

*** 2. Causes of Volition

***** motive 615

 + advocacy    n.拥护，支持    [ad-vo-ca-cy]
 + advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 + animate    a.活的，有生命的；v.赋予生命    [an-i-mate]
 + arouse    v.唤醒；激发    [a-rouse]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 + blandishment    n.奉承，甘言劝诱    [blan-dish-ment]
 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 - cajole    v.(以甜言蜜语)哄骗    [ca-jole]
 + captivate    v.迷惑，吸引    [cap-ti-vate]
 - catalyst    n.催化剂；促使事情发展的因素    [cat-a-lyst]
 - charisma    n.(大众爱戴的)领袖气质；魅力    [cha-ris-ma]
 + charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 + coax    v.哄诱，巧言诱哄    [co-ax]
 - concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 + conciliate    v.安抚，驯服    [con-cil-i-ate]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - disposed    a.愿意的，想干的    [dis-posed]
 + enlist    v.(使)入伍从军，征募    [en-list]
 + entice    v.怂恿，引诱    [en-tice]
 + exhort    v.力劝，勉励    [ex-hort]
 - foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 - gadfly    n.虻，牛虻；讨厌的人    [gad-fly]
 + goad    n.赶牛棒；v./n.刺激，激励    [goad]
 + hortative    a.激励的    [hor-ta-tive]
 - impel    v.推进；驱使    [im-pel]
 - impulse    n.冲动；刺激    [im-pulse]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 - incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 + incentive    n.刺激，鼓励；刺激因素    [in-cen-tive]
 - incite    v.激发，刺激    [in-cite]
 - induce    v.诱导；引起    [in-duce]
 - inoculate    v.预防注射    [in-oc-u-late]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 + inspired    a.有创见的，有灵感的    [in-spired]
 + instigate    v.发起，煽动    [in-sti-gate]
 - inveigle    v.诱骗，诱使    [in-vei-gle]
 - lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 - lobby    n.大厅，休息厅    [lob-by]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 - procure    v.取得，获得    [pro-cure]
 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 - propel    v.推进    [pro-pel]
 - proselytize    v.使…皈依    [pros-e-lyt-ize]
 + provocation    n.挑衅，激怒    [prov-o-ca-tion]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]
 - sop    n.泡过的食品；安慰品    [sop]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - spur    v.刺激，激励；用马刺刺马    [spur]
 + stimulus    n.刺激物，激励    [stim-u-lus]
 + suborn    v.收买，贿赂    [sub-orn]
 - susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]
 - sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]
 - tamper    v.损害，窜改    [tam-per]
 - tantalize    v.挑惹，挑逗    [tan-ta-lize]
 + temptation    n.诱惑，诱惑物    [temp-ta-tion]
 + wheedle    v.(用花言巧语)哄骗    [whee-dle]
 - whet    v.磨快；刺激    [whet]

***** absence of motive 615.a

 - caprice    n.奇思怪想，变化无常，任性    [ca-price]
 - capricious    a.变化无常的，任性的    [ca-pri-cious]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 - whimsical    a.古怪的，异想天开的    [whim-si-cal]

***** dissuasion 616

 - averse    a.不愿的，反对的    [a-verse]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - curb    n.路缘，(街道的)镶边石；马勒；v.控制    [curb]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 + deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 + deter    v.威慑，吓住；阻止    [de-ter]
 - disabuse    v.打消(某人的)错误念头；纠正    [dis-a-buse]
 + disaffect    v.使不满；使不忠    [dis-af-fect]
 + disenchant    v.对…不再抱幻想，使清醒    [dis-en-chant]
 + disillusion    v.梦想破灭，醒悟    [dis-il-lu-sion]
 + dissuade    v.劝阻，阻止    [dis-suade]
 + expostulate    v.(对人或行为进行)抗议，告诫    [ex-pos-tu-late]
 - quench    v.熄灭(火)；抑制(欲望)    [quench]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 + repressed    a.被压制的，被压抑的    [repressed]
 - repugnant    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pug-nant]

***** pretext 617

 - allege    v.(无证据)陈述，宣称    [al-lege]
 - cue    v.暗示，提示；n.暗示，提示    [cue]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 - handle    n.柄，把手；v.处理    [han-dle]
 - plead    v.恳求，提出…为理由    [plead]
 - pretend    v.假装；装扮    [pre-tend]
 - pretension    n.自命不凡，夸耀    [pre-ten-sion]
 - pretext    n.借口    [pre-text]
 - purported    a.谣传的，声张的，号称的    [purported]
 - subterfuge    n.诡计，托辞    [sub-ter-fuge]

*** 3. Objects of Volition

***** good 618

 + boon    n.恩惠，天赐福利    [boon]

***** evil 619

 - awry    a.扭曲的，走样的    [a-wry]
 - bale    n.大包裹；灾祸，不幸    [bale]
 + bane    n.祸根    [bane]
 - bruise    v.受伤，擦伤    [bruise]
 + calamity    n.大灾祸，不幸之事    [ca-lam-i-ty]
 - casualty    n.伤亡事故；伤亡者    [cas-u-al-ty]
 + catastrophe    n.突如其来的大灾难    [ca-tas-tro-phe]
 + disaster    n.灾难，大不幸    [dis-as-ter]
 - gash    n.深长的伤口，裂缝    [gash]
 + grievance    n.委屈，抱怨    [griev-ance]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - prejudice    n.偏见，成见；v.使产生偏见    [prej-u-dice]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 - tragedy    n.悲剧，惨事，灾难    [trag-e-dy]

** Section II. Prospective Volition

*** 1. Conceptional Volition

***** intention 620

 - animus    n.敌意，憎恨    [an-i-mus]
 - anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - aspire    v.向往，有志于    [as-pire]
 - butt    v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂    [butt]
 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 - contemplate    v.深思    [con-tem-plate]
 - determination    n.决心；确定；预测    [de-ter-mi-na-tion]
 - intent    a.专心的，渴望的；n.目的，意向    [in-tent]
 + intentional    a.存心的，故意的    [in-ten-tion-al]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - meditate    v.沉思，反省    [med-i-tate]
 - premeditate    v.预先想过，预谋    [pre-med-i-tate]
 - prey    n.被捕食的动物    [prey]
 - proposal    n.提案，建议    [pro-po-sal]
 - pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]
 + quarry    n.猎物    [quar-ry]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]

***** chance 621

 - fluke    n.侥幸；意想不到的事    [fluke]
 - fortuitous    a.偶然的，意外的；幸运的    [for-tu-i-tous]
 + gamble    v./n.赌博；孤注一掷    [gam-ble]
 - haphazard    a.任意的    [hap-haz-ard]
 - hazard    n.危险    [haz-ard]
 - lot    n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分    [lot]
 + raffle    n.(尤指为公益事业举办的)抽奖售物(活动)    [raf-fle]
 - random    a.没有明确目的、计划或者目标的；偶然的，随便的    [ran-dom]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 - speculative    a.投机的；推理的，思索的    [spec-u-la-tive]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]
 - undirected    a.未受指导的    [un-di-rect-ed]
 - unpremeditated    a.非预谋的    [un-pre-med-i-tat-ed]

***** pursuit 622

 - chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + enterprise    n.公司，事业单位；进取心    [en-ter-prise]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 + prosecute    v.告发，检举    [pros-e-cute]
 + prosecution    n.起诉；实行，经营    [pros-e-cu-tion]
 - prowl    v.潜行于，偷偷地漫游    [prowl]
 - pursue    v.追赶，追求，追踪    [pur-sue]
 - quest    v.搜寻，探求；n.探求    [quest]
 - sport    v.炫耀，卖弄    [sport]
 + wage    v.开始，进行(战争，运动)    [wage]

***** avoidance 623

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 - abscond    v.潜逃，逃亡    [ab-scond]
 + abstain    v.禁绝，放弃    [ab-stain]
 + abstention    n.节制    [ab-sten-tion]
 - avoid    v.避开，躲避    [a-void]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 - dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - elude    v.逃避；搞不清    [e-lude]
 - elusive    a.难懂的    [e-lu-sive]
 + eschew    v.避开，戒绝    [es-chew]
 - evade    v.逃避；规避    [e-vade]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - flinch    v.畏缩，退缩    [flinch]
 - flit    v.掠过，迅速飞过    [flit]
 - maroon    n./a.栗色(的)    [ma-roon]
 - parry    v.挡开，避开(武器，问题等)    [par-ry]
 - recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 - refrain    v.抑制；n.歌曲的反复句，叠句    [re-frain]
 - refugee    n.难民，流亡者    [ref-u-gee]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 + shirk    v.逃避，规避    [shirk]
 + shun    v.避免，闪避    [shun]
 - truancy    n.逃学，旷课    [tru-an-cy]
 + weasel    n.黄鼠狼，鼬；v.逃避    [wea-sel]

***** relinquishment 624

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 + cession    n.割让，转让    [ces-sion]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 + desertion    n.离弃，遗弃    [de-ser-tion]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 + forsake    v.遗弃，放弃    [for-sake]
 + relinquish    v.放弃，废除    [re-lin-quish]
 - renounce    v.(正式)放弃    [re-nounce]
 + resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]

***** business 625

 - anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + commission    n.委托；佣金    [com-mis-sion]
 - craft    n.行业；手艺    [craft]
 - cue    v.暗示，提示；n.暗示，提示    [cue]
 - errand    n.差使；差事    [er-rand]
 - faculty    n.全体教员；官能    [fac-ul-ty]
 + functional    a.起作用的，能运转的；实用的    [func-tion-al]
 - occupation    n.工作，职业；占领    [oc-cu-pa-tion]
 + vocation    n.擅长；工作，职业    [vo-ca-tion]

***** plan 626

 - agenda    n.议程    [a-gen-da]
 + artifice    n.巧办法；诡计    [ar-ti-fice]
 - blueprint    n.蓝图；方案    [blue-print]
 + cabal    n.政治阴谋小集团    [ca-bal]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + conspiracy    n.共谋，阴谋    [con-spir-a-cy]
 - contrive    v.计划，设计    [con-trive]
 - coup    n.意外而成功的行动    [cou-p]
 - designer    n.设计者，构思者    [de-sign-er]
 - devise    v.发明，设计；图谋；遗赠给    [de-vise]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - expedient    n.权宜之计，临时手段；a.(指行动)有用的    [ex-pe-di-ent]
 - forecast    v.预报，预测；n.预测    [fore-cast]
 - germ    n.胚芽，芽孢；微生物，细菌    [germ]
 - gimmick    n.吸引人的花招，噱头    [gim-mick]
 - graphic    a.图表的；生动的    [graph-ic]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 + intrigue    v.密谋；引起…极大兴趣    [in-trigue]
 - loophole    n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔    [loop-hole]
 + machination    n.阴谋    [mach-i-na-tion]
 - mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 + nostrum    n.家传秘方；万灵丹    [nos-trum]
 - outline    n.轮廓；梗概    [out-line]
 - plot    n.情节；阴谋；策划    [plot]
 + projector    n.电影放映机，幻灯机    [pro-jec-tor]
 - proposal    n.提案，建议    [pro-po-sal]
 - proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - protocol    n.外交礼节；协议，草案    [pro-to-col]
 - recast    v.重铸；更换演员    [re-cast]
 + receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 - revise    n./v.改变，修正    [re-vise]
 - scenario    n.剧情说明书；剧本    [sce-nar-i-o]
 + schematic    a.纲要的，图解的    [sche-mat-ic]
 - schematize    v.扼要表示    [sche-ma-tize]
 - scheme    n.阴谋；(作品等)体系，结构    [scheme]
 - skeleton    n.骨架，骨骼；提纲    [skel-e-ton]
 - stratagem    n.谋略，策略    [strat-a-gem]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 + tactic    n.(达到目的的)手段；战术    [tac-tic]

***** method 627

 - approach    v.接近，靠近；着手处理；n.方法    [ap-proach]
 - artery    n.动脉，命脉    [ar-ter-y]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 + drawbridge    n.吊挢    [draw-bridge]
 - ford    n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水    [ford]
 - gait    n.步法，步态    [gait]
 - gangway    n.(上下船的)跳板    [gang-way]
 - guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 - lobby    n.大厅，休息厅    [lob-by]
 - mode    n.样式，时尚；模式    [mode]
 - track    n.足迹，踪迹；轨道；小道；v.跟踪    [track]
 + trajectory    n.(抛射物)弹道轨道    [tra-jec-to-ry]
 + viaduct    n.高架桥    [vi-a-duct]

***** mid-course 628

 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]

***** circuit 629

 + backhanded    a.间接的；反手击球的    [back-hand-ed]
 - circuit    n.环行，环行道；线路；电路    [cir-cuit]
 - circuitous    a.迂回的，绕圈子的    [cir-cu-i-tous]
 - detour    n.弯路；绕行之路    [de-tour]
 - digression    n.离题，题外话    [di-gres-sion]
 - loop    n.圈，金属线圈    [loop]
 - meander    v.蜿蜒而流；漫步    [me-an-der]
 - winding    a.蜿蜒的，迂回的    [wind-ing]
 - zigzag    n./a.之字形(的)；v.弯弯曲曲地行进    [zig-zag]

***** requirement 630

 + claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - essential    a.本质的；n.要素，实质    [es-sen-tial]
 + exigent    a.需要立即采取行动的    [ex-i-gent]
 + imperative    a.急需的    [im-per-a-tive]
 + indispensability    n.不可缺少    [in-dis-pen-sa-bil-i-ty]
 + injunction    n.命令，强制令    [in-junc-tion]
 + mandate    n.命令，指令    [man-date]
 + mandatory    a.命令的，强迫的    [man-da-to-ry]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 + precept    n.箴言，格言    [pre-cept]
 - prerequisite    n.先决条件    [pre-req-ui-site]
 + pressing    a.紧迫的，迫切的；恳切要求的    [press-ing]
 + requisite    n.必需物；a.必要的    [req-ui-site]
 + taxing    a.繁重的    [taxing]
 + urgent    a.迫切的，紧急的    [ur-gent]
 - want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]

*** 2. Subservience to Ends

**** 1. Actual Subservience

***** instrumentality 631

 + cardiologist    n.心脏病专家    [car-di-ol-o-gist]
 - conducive    a.有助于…的    [con-du-cive]
 - expedient    n.权宜之计，临时手段；a.(指行动)有用的    [ex-pe-di-ent]
 - instrumental    a.有帮助的，有作用的    [in-stru-men-tal]
 - intervene    v.干涉，介入    [in-ter-vene]
 - mediate    v.调停    [me-di-ate]
 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 + pander    v.怂恿，迎合(不良欲望)    [pan-der]
 - tend    v.照料，看顾    [tend]
 - vehicle    n.交通工具；传播媒介    [ve-hi-cle]

***** means 632

 - instrumental    a.有帮助的，有作用的    [in-stru-men-tal]
 - mechanical    a.机械的，机械制造的；机械似的，呆板的，体力的    [me-chan-i-cal]
 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 - provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 + revenue    n.总收入；国家的税收收入    [rev-e-nue]

***** instrument 633

 + apparatus    n.仪器，设备    [ap-pa-rat-us]
 - blade    n.刀锋，刀口    [blade]
 + facilities    n.(使事情便利的)设备、工具    [facilities]
 - gadget    n.小工具，小机械    [gadg-et]
 - gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 + glut    v./n.过多；供过于求    [glut]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - handle    n.柄，把手；v.处理    [han-dle]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 + implement    n.工具，器具；v.实现，实施    [im-ple-ment]
 - instrumental    a.有帮助的，有作用的    [in-stru-men-tal]
 + lathe    n.车床    [lathe]
 - lever    n.杠杆；v.撬动    [lev-er]
 - limb    n.肢(手或脚)，翼    [limb]
 - mechanical    a.机械的，机械制造的；机械似的，呆板的，体力的    [me-chan-i-cal]
 + mechanism    n.结构，机制    [mech-a-nism]
 - mill    n.磨坊；压榨机；制造厂    [mill]
 + pedal    n.踏板，脚蹬；v.骑脚踏车    [pe-dal]
 + pulley    n.滑轮；滑车    [pul-ley]
 - rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 + screwdriver    n.螺丝起子；改锥    [screw-driv-er]
 - tackle    v.处理；n.滑车    [tack-le]
 + trigger    n.扳机；v.引发，导致    [trig-ger]

***** substitute 634

 + deputy    n.代表；副警长    [dep-u-ty]
 - substitute    n.代替品；v.代替    [sub-sti-tute]

***** materials 635

 + adobe    n.泥砖，土坯    [a-do-be]
 - bauxite    n.铝土岩(产铝的矿土、石)    [baux-ite]
 - cement    n.水泥；胶粘剂；v.粘合，巩固    [ce-ment]
 - clay    n.黏土    [clay]
 - concrete    a.具体存在的；n.混凝土    [con-crete]
 + dynamo    n.发电机    [dy-na-mo]
 + munition    n.军火，弹药    [mu-ni-tion]
 + ore    n.矿，矿石    [o-re]
 - shale    n.页岩(一种由似泥土细粒的沉淀物层组成的易分裂的岩石)    [shale]
 - shingle    n.木瓦，屋顶板；木质小招牌    [shin-gle]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - timber    n.木材；(人)品质    [tim-ber]

***** store 636

 - accumulate    v.积聚，积累    [ac-cu-mu-late]
 - amass    v.积聚    [a-mass]
 + armory    n.军械库    [ar-mor-y]
 + arsenal    n.军械库    [ar-se-nal]
 - attic    n.阁楼，顶楼    [at-tic]
 - budget    n.预算    [budg-et]
 + cache    n.贮藏处；v.将…藏于    [cache]
 - cistern    n.贮水池    [cis-tern]
 - conservatory    n.温室；音乐学院    [con-serv-a-to-ry]
 - dynamo    n.发电机    [dy-na-mo]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + garner    v.收藏，积累    [gar-ner]
 + hoard    v./n.贮藏，秘藏    [hoard]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 + larder    n.食品室    [lar-der]
 + lode    n.矿脉    [lode]
 - lumber    v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材    [lum-ber]
 - portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 - quarry    n.猎物    [quar-ry]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - untapped    a.未开发的，未利用的    [un-tapped]
 + warehouse    n.仓库，货栈    [ware-house]

***** provision 637

 + cater    v.迎合；提供饮食及服务    [ca-ter]
 + donate    v.捐赠，赠送    [do-nate]
 - forage    n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻    [for-age]
 - provender    n.(牛马吃的)草料，粮秣    [prov-en-der]
 - provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 - purvey    v.(大量)供给，供应    [pur-vey]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - replenish    v.补充，再装满    [re-plen-ish]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]

***** waste 638

 - deplete    v.倒空；耗尽    [de-plete]
 - disperse    v.消散，驱散    [dis-perse]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - ebb    v.退潮；衰退    [ebb]
 - exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 - expend    v.花费；用光    [ex-pend]
 + expenditure    n.消耗，支出    [ex-pend-i-ture]
 - impoverish    v.使成赤贫    [im-pov-er-ish]
 - leak    v.泄漏；n.泄漏；漏出量，漏洞    [leak]
 - leakage    n.渗漏，漏出    [leak-age]
 + squander    v.浪费，挥霍    [squan-der]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** sufficiency 639

 - abundance    n.充裕，多量    [a-bun-dance]
 - abundant    a.丰富的，盛产的    [a-bun-dant]
 - adequate    a.足够的    [ad-e-quate]
 + affluence    n.充裕，富足    [af-flu-ence]
 - affluent    a.富裕的，丰富的    [af-flu-ent]
 - ample    a.富足的；充足的    [am-ple]
 - amplitude    n.广大，广阔    [am-pli-tude]
 - bristle    n.短而硬的毛发；v.(毛)竖起；发怒    [bris-tle]
 - commensurate    a.同样大小的；相称的    [com-men-su-rate]
 + competence    n.胜任，能力    [com-pe-tence]
 - copious    a.丰富的，多产的    [co-pi-ous]
 + cornucopia    n.象征丰收的羊角(羊角装饰器内装满花、果、谷物等以示富饶)    [cor-nu-co-pi-a]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - inexhaustible    a.用不完的，取之不竭的    [in-ex-haust-i-ble]
 + lavish    a.浪费的；丰富的    [lav-ish]
 - luxuriant    a.繁茂的；肥沃的    [lux-u-ri-ant]
 - measured    a.精确的；慎重的    [meas-ured]
 - mediocrity    n.平庸，碌碌无为    [me-di-oc-ri-ty]
 + plenitude    n.完全；大量    [plen-i-tude]
 - replenish    v.补充，再装满    [re-plen-ish]
 - replete    a.饱满的，塞满的    [re-plete]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 + suffice    v.足够，(食物)满足    [suf-fice]
 + sufficient    a.足够的    [suf-fi-cient]
 - tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]
 + unstinting    a.极为慷慨的，大方的    [un-stint-ing]

***** insufficiency 640

 - bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 + bereft    a.被剥夺的；缺少的    [be-reft]
 + dearth    n.缺乏，短缺    [dearth]
 - deficiency    n.缺陷；不足    [de-fi-cien-cy]
 - devoid    a.空的，缺少的    [de-void]
 - drought    n.干旱；干旱时期    [drought]
 + famine    n.饥荒    [fam-ine]
 - impoverish    v.使成赤贫    [im-pov-er-ish]
 - incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 + indigence    n.贫穷    [in-di-gence]
 + insolvency    n.无力偿还；破产    [in-sol-ven-cy]
 + insufficient    a.不足的    [in-suf-fi-cient]
 - jejune    a.空洞的；不成熟的    [je-june]
 - meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 - mite    n.极小量；小虫    [mite]
 - paucity    n.小量，缺乏    [pau-ci-ty]
 - perfunctory    a.草率的，敷衍的    [per-func-to-ry]
 + pittance    n.微薄的薪俸，少量的收入    [pit-tance]
 - scant    a.不足的，缺乏的    [scant]
 + scarcity    n.不足，缺乏    [scar-ci-ty]
 + scurvy    a.卑鄙的，可鄙的    [scurvy]
 - skimp    v.节省花费    [skimp]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - sparing    a.节俭的    [spar-ing]
 + stingy    a.吝啬的，小气的    [stin-gy]
 - stint    v.吝惜，节省    [stint]
 - want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]

***** redundancy 641

 - avalanche    n.雪崩    [av-a-lanche]
 - bristle    n.短而硬的毛发；v.(毛)竖起；发怒    [bris-tle]
 - choke    v.(使)窒息，阻塞    [choke]
 - creep    v.匍匐前进；悄悄地移动    [creep]
 - deluge    n.大洪水；暴雨    [del-uge]
 - drench    v.使湿透    [drench]
 + drenched    a.湿透的    [drenched]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 - excess    n.过分，过度    [ex-cess]
 - exorbitant    a.过分的，过度的    [ex-or-bi-tant]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 - exuberance    n.愉快；茁壮    [ex-u-ber-ance]
 - exuberant    a.(人)充满活力的(植物)茂盛的    [ex-u-ber-ant]
 - glut    v./n.过多；供过于求    [glut]
 - gorge    n.峡谷    [gorge]
 - inordinate    a.过度的，过分的    [in-or-di-nate]
 - inundate    v.淹没；泛滥    [in-un-date]
 - lavish    a.浪费的；丰富的    [lav-ish]
 - luxury    n.奢侈(品)    [lux-u-ry]
 - margin    n.页边空白，边缘；差额；余地；利润    [mar-gin]
 - obese    a.极肥胖的    [o-bese]
 + overdose    n.(药物)过大的剂量    [o-ver-dose]
 - overflow    v.溢出；洋溢    [o-ver-flow]
 - overwhelm    v.泛滥；压倒    [o-ver-whelm]
 - packed    a.充满人的，拥挤的    [packed]
 + plethora    n.过量，过剩    [pleth-o-ra]
 + prodigal    a.挥霍的；n.挥霍者    [prod-i-gal]
 - profuse    a.很多的；浪费的    [pro-fuse]
 - redundancy    n.过剩；备份；似乎多余其实重要的后备力量    [re-dun-dan-cy]
 - redundant    a.累赘的，多余的    [re-dun-dant]
 - remainder    n.剩余物    [re-main-der]
 - replete    a.饱满的，塞满的    [re-plete]
 - suffocate    v.(使)窒息而死    [suf-fo-cate]
 - superfluity    n.多余的量    [su-per-flu-i-ty]
 - superfluous    a.多余的，累赘的    [su-per-flu-ous]
 + surcharge    v.对…收取额外费用；n.附加费    [sur-charge]
 + surfeit    n.(食物)过量，过度；v.使过量    [sur-feit]
 - surplus    a.过剩的；盈余的    [sur-plus]
 - turgid    a.浮肿的，肿胀的；浮夸的    [tur-gid]

**** 2. Degree of Subservience

***** importance 642

 - accentuate    v.重读；强调    [ac-cen-tu-ate]
 - arresting    a.显著的，引人注意的    [ar-rest-ing]
 - cardinal    a.最重要的；n.红衣主教    [car-di-nal]
 - consequence    n.结果；重要性；价值    [con-se-quence]
 - considerable    a.相当多的；值得考虑的    [con-sid-er-a-ble]
 - core    n.果心；核心)；v.去掉某物的中心部分    [core]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 - earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 - egregious    a.(缺点等)过分的，惊人的    [e-gre-gious]
 - emphatic    a.重视的，强调的    [em-phat-ic]
 - essential    a.本质的；n.要素，实质    [es-sen-tial]
 - evocative    a.唤起的，激起的    [e-voc-a-tive]
 - gist    n.要点，要旨    [gist]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 - import    n./v.进口，输入；意义    [im-port]
 + imposing    a.壮丽的，雄伟的    [im-pos-ing]
 - kernel    n.果仁；核心    [ker-nel]
 - marked    a.明显的；被监视的    [marked]
 - moment    n.瞬间；重要    [mo-ment]
 - momentous    a.极重要的，严重的    [mo-men-tous]
 - neutron    n.中子    [neu-tron]
 - notable    a.明显的，出众的，重要的    [no-ta-ble]
 - nucleus    n.(原子)核    [nu-cle-us]
 + overriding    a.最主要的，优先的    [o-ver-rid-ing]
 - paramount    a.最重要的，最高权力的    [par-a-mount]
 - pregnant    a.怀孕的；充满的    [preg-nant]
 - pressing    a.紧迫的，迫切的；恳切要求的    [press-ing]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 + principal    a.主要的，重要的    [prin-ci-pal]
 - prominent    a.显著的；著名的    [prom-i-nent]
 - relevance    n.相关    [rel-e-vance]
 - salient    a.显著的，突出的    [sa-li-ent]
 - signal    n.信号；v.发信号；a.显著的    [sig-nal]
 - significant    a.相当数量的；意义重大的    [sig-nif-i-cant]
 - signify    v.表示；有重要性    [sig-ni-fy]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 + solemnity    n.庄严，肃穆    [so-lem-ni-ty]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]
 - superiority    n.优越(感)    [su-pe-ri-or-i-ty]
 + telling    a.有效的，显著的    [tell-ing]
 + totalitarian    a.极权主义的    [to-tal-i-tar-i-an]
 - trapeze    n.空中秋千    [tra-peze]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 - underlying    a.在下面的，根本的    [un-der-ly-ing]
 - urgent    a.迫切的，紧急的    [ur-gent]
 - vital    a.极其重要的；充满活力的    [vi-tal]

***** unimportance 643

 - banal    a.陈腐的    [ba-nal]
 + chaff    n.谷物的皮壳，米糠    [chaff]
 - cipher    n.零；无影响力的人；密码    [ci-pher]
 - commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 + contemptible    a.令人轻视的    [con-tempt-i-ble]
 + fig    n.无花果；一点儿    [fig]
 - flimsy    a.轻而薄的；脆弱的    [flim-sy]
 - frivolous    a.轻薄的，轻佻的    [friv-o-lous]
 - frothy    a.起泡的；空洞的    [froth-y]
 - idle    a.(指人)无所事事的；无效的；v.懒散，无所事事    [i-dle]
 - inane    a.无意义的；空洞的    [in-ane]
 - inappreciable    a.微不足道的    [in-ap-pre-ci-a-ble]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]
 + jest    v./n.说笑，玩笑    [jest]
 - jot    v.摘要记录    [jot]
 - levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 - meager    a.贫乏的；削瘦的    [mea-ger]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + measly    a.患麻疹的；小得可怜的    [mea-sly]
 - mediocre    a.平庸的，平凡的    [me-di-o-cre]
 - mill    n.磨坊；压榨机；制造厂    [mill]
 - nonentity    n.不重要之人或事    [non-en-ti-ty]
 - paltry    a.无价值的，微不足道的    [pal-try]
 - petty    a.琐碎的；小心眼的    [pet-ty]
 + piddling    a.琐碎的，微不足道的    [pid-dling]
 + pitiful    a.值得同情的，可怜的    [pit-i-ful]
 - puerile    a.幼稚的；儿童的    [pu-er-ile]
 + reptilian    a.爬虫类的；卑下的    [rep-til-i-an]
 - scurvy    a.卑鄙的，可鄙的    [scurvy]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + tatty    a.简陋的，不整洁的    [tat-ty]
 + tightfisted    a.吝啬的    [tight-fist-ed]
 + toy    v.不认真考虑，玩弄    [toy]
 - trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 + trinket    n.小装饰品；不值钱的珠宝    [trin-ket]
 - trivial    a.琐细的    [triv-i-al]
 - vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]
 - vanity    n.虚荣，自负    [van-i-ty]
 + vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]
 + wretched    a.可怜的    [wretch-ed]

***** utility 644

 + adaptable    a.有适应能力的；可改编的    [a-dapt-a-ble]
 - adequate    a.足够的    [ad-e-quate]
 - applicable    a.生效的，适合的    [ap-pli-ca-ble]
 + available    a.可用的，可得到的    [a-vail-a-ble]
 + commodious    a.宽敞的    [com-mo-di-ous]
 - conducive    a.有助于…的    [con-du-cive]
 - efficacious    a.有效的    [ef-fi-ca-cious]
 - efficacy    n.功效，有效性    [ef-fi-ca-cy]
 - expedient    n.权宜之计，临时手段；a.(指行动)有用的    [ex-pe-di-ent]
 - pragmatic    a.实际的，实用主义的    [prag-mat-ic]
 - prolific    a.多产的，多结果的    [pro-lif-ic]
 - ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 + remunerative    a.报酬高的，有利润的    [re-mu-ner-a-tive]
 + serviceable    a.可用的，耐用的    [ser-vice-a-ble]
 - subsidiary    a.辅助的；次要的    [sub-sid-i-ar-y]
 - tangible    a.可触摸的    [tan-gi-ble]

***** inutility 645

 + bootless    a.无益处的；无用的    [boot-less]
 + counterproductive    a.事与愿违的    [coun-ter-pro-duc-tive]
 - debris    n.废墟，残骸    [de-bris]
 - detritus    n.碎屑；废墟    [de-tri-tus]
 - dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 + dispensable    a.不必要的，可有可无的    [dis-pen-sa-ble]
 + disposable    a.一次性使用的；可动用的    [dis-pos-a-ble]
 - dregs    n.糟粕，沉淀废物    [dregs]
 - effete    a.无生产力；虚弱的    [ef-fete]
 - feckless    a.无目标无计划的    [feck-less]
 + futile    a.无效的，无用的;（人）没出息的；琐细的    [fu-tile]
 + futility    n.无用，无益    [fu-til-i-ty]
 - inane    a.无意义的；空洞的    [in-ane]
 - incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 - ineffectual    a.无效的，徒劳无益的    [in-ef-fec-tu-al]
 - inept    a.无能的；不适当的    [in-ept]
 - ineptitude    n.无能，不称职    [in-ept-i-tude]
 - litter    n.垃圾；一窝(动物)    [lit-ter]
 - lumber    v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材    [lum-ber]
 - obsolete    a.废弃的；过时的    [ob-so-lete]
 + shoddy    n.劣质的，冒充好货的    [shod-dy]
 - superfluous    a.多余的，累赘的    [su-per-flu-ous]
 - unproductive    a.徒然的，无成效的    [un-pro-duc-tive]
 - vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]
 - vanity    n.虚荣，自负    [van-i-ty]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** expedience 646

 + advisable    a.适当的，可行的    [ad-vis-a-ble]
 - applicable    a.生效的，适合的    [ap-pli-ca-ble]
 - conform    (to)v.符合或遵守公认的规则    [con-form]
 + desirable    a.值得要的    [de-sir-a-ble]
 + eligible    a.合格的    [el-i-gi-ble]
 + expediency    n.方便；权宜之计    [ex-pe-di-en-cy]
 - expedient    n.权宜之计，临时手段；a.(指行动)有用的    [ex-pe-di-ent]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - opportune    a.合适的，适当的    [op-por-tune]
 - propriety    n.礼节；适当    [pro-pri-e-ty]
 + seemly    a.得体的，适宜的    [seem-ly]

***** inexpedience 647

 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 + clumsy    a.笨拙的；拙劣的    [clum-sy]
 - cumbersome    a.笨重的    [cum-ber-some]
 - disposable    a.一次性使用的；可动用的    [dis-pos-a-ble]
 - embarrass    v.使忸怩，使难堪    [em-bar-rass]
 + undesirable    a.令人不悦的，讨厌的    [un-de-sir-a-ble]
 + unseemly    a.不适当的，不宜的    [un-seem-ly]
 - unwieldy    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [un-wield-y]

***** goodness 648

 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - cardinal    a.最重要的；n.红衣主教    [car-di-nal]
 + champion    n.冠军；斗士；拥护者；v.拥护    [cham-pi-on]
 - choice    a.上等的；精选的    [choice]
 + chrysanthemum    n.菊，菊花    [chry-san-the-mum]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 + elite    n.精华，中坚    [e-lite]
 - emulate    v.努力赶上或超越    [em-u-late]
 + estimable    a.值得尊敬的；可估计的    [es-ti-ma-ble]
 - excel    v.善于，擅长于    [ex-cel]
 - exquisite    a.精致的；近乎完美的    [ex-qui-site]
 - favorable    a.有利的；赞成的    [fa-vor-a-ble]
 + gem    n.宝石，珠宝；精华    [gem]
 - genuine    a.真的；真诚的    [gen-u-ine]
 - inimitable    a.无法仿效的，不可比拟的    [in-im-i-ta-ble]
 + innocuous    a.(行为，言论等)无害的    [in-noc-u-ous]
 + merit    v.值得    [mer-it]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 - optimum    a.最好的，最有利的    [op-ti-mum]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 - prodigy    n.奇事；奇才    [prod-i-gy]
 - propitious    a.吉利的；顺利的    [pro-pi-tious]
 + rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 + salutary    a.有益的，有益健康的    [sal-u-tar-y]
 - serviceable    a.可用的，耐用的    [ser-vice-a-ble]
 - superiority    n.优越(感)    [su-pe-ri-or-i-ty]
 - tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 - transcend    v.超越，胜过    [tran-scend]
 + unexceptionable    a.无可非议的    [un-ex-cep-tion-a-ble]
 + vie    v.竞争    [vie]

***** badness 649

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 + aggrieve    v.使受委屈；使痛苦    [ag-grieve]
 + baleful    a.邪恶的，恶意的    [bale-ful]
 - bane    n.祸根    [bane]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - bruise    v.受伤，擦伤    [bruise]
 - cloying    a.甜得发腻的    [cloy-ing]
 - corrosive    a.腐蚀性的，腐蚀的，蚀坏的    [cor-ro-sive]
 - counterproductive    a.事与愿违的    [coun-ter-pro-duc-tive]
 + deleterious    a.(对身心)有害的，有毒的    [del-e-te-ri-ous]
 + depraved    a.堕落的，腐化的    [de-praved]
 + depravity    n.堕落，恶习    [de-prav-i-ty]
 + detrimental    a.损害的，造成伤害的    [det-ri-men-tal]
 + dire    a.可怕的    [dire]
 + execrable    a.极坏的    [ex-e-cra-ble]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 + grievous    a.严重伤害的    [griev-ous]
 + guilt    n.罪行；内疚    [guilt]
 + heartrending    a.令人心碎的    [heart-rend-ing]
 - incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 + injurious    a.有害的    [in-ju-ri-ous]
 + irremediable    a.无法治愈的，无法纠正的    [ir-re-me-di-a-ble]
 + malign    v.诽谤，中伤；a.邪恶的    [ma-lign]
 - maul    v.撕裂皮肉，伤害    [maul]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + mischievous    a.淘气的；有害处的    [mis-chie-vous]
 - noisome    a.恶臭的；令人不快的    [noi-some]
 + noxious    a.有害的，有毒的    [nox-ious]
 - obnoxious    a.令人不愉快的；可憎的    [ob-nox-ious]
 + onerous    a.繁重的，麻烦的    [on-er-ous]
 + oppress    v.压迫，压制    [op-press]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 + pernicious    a.有害的，致命的    [per-ni-cious]
 + persecute    v.迫害    [per-se-cute]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - pitiful    a.值得同情的，可怜的    [pit-i-ful]
 + poisonous    a.有毒的；有害的    [poi-son-ous]
 + reprehensible    a.应受谴责的    [rep-re-hen-si-ble]
 - rotten    a.腐败的；糟糕的    [rot-ten]
 - untoward    a.不幸的，(坏事)没料到的    [un-to-ward]
 - victimize    v.使受害，迫害    [vic-tim-ize]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 - virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]
 - wretched    a.可怜的    [wretch-ed]

***** perfection 650

 - consummate    a.完全的，完善的；v.完成    [con-sum-mate]
 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 + immaculate    a.洁净的，无瑕的    [im-mac-u-late]
 + impeccable    a.无瑕疵的    [im-pec-ca-ble]
 - inimitable    a.无法仿效的，不可比拟的    [in-im-i-ta-ble]
 - intact    a.完整的，未动过的    [in-tact]
 - mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 + paragon    n.模范，典型    [par-a-gon]
 + ripen    v.使成熟    [rip-en]
 - transcend    v.超越，胜过    [tran-scend]

***** imperfection 651

 - adequate    a.足够的    [ad-e-quate]
 - blemish    v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点    [blem-ish]
 + decent    a.适当的，可接受的；得体的    [de-cent]
 - defect    n.缺点，瑕疵；v.变节，脱党    [de-fect]
 - deficiency    n.缺陷；不足    [de-fi-cien-cy]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 - frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 - imprecise    a.不精确的，不严密的    [im-pre-cise]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]
 - inferior    a.下级的，低等的，质次的，较差的    [in-fe-ri-or]
 - mediocre    a.平庸的，平凡的    [me-di-o-cre]
 - mediocrity    n.平庸，碌碌无为    [me-di-oc-ri-ty]
 - unsound    a.不结实的，不坚固的；无根据的    [un-sound]

***** cleanness 652

 + ablution    n.(宗教的)净礼，沐浴    [ab-lu-tion]
 - buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 - catharsis    n.宣泄，净化    [ca-thar-sis]
 - clarify    v.澄清    [clar-i-fy]
 + detergent    a.净化的；n.清洁剂    [de-ter-gent]
 + disinfect    v.杀菌，消毒    [dis-in-fect]
 + disinfectant    n.消毒剂    [dis-in-fect-ant]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - drainage    n.排水；污水    [drain-age]
 + expurgate    v.删除；使纯洁    [ex-pur-gate]
 - filter    n.滤纸；v.过滤    [fil-ter]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - fumigate    v.以烟熏消毒    [fu-mi-gate]
 - immaculate    a.洁净的，无瑕的    [im-mac-u-late]
 - lave    v.洗浴；慢慢冲刷    [lave]
 + laxative    a.(药)通便的；放松的；n.轻泻药    [lax-a-tive]
 + purgative    n.泻药    [pur-ga-tive]
 - purge    v.清洗，洗涤    [purge]
 - purify    v.使洁净，净化    [pu-ri-fy]
 - purity    n.纯洁，纯净；纯度    [pu-ri-ty]
 + redemptive    a.赎回的，救赎的，救世的    [redemptive]
 - riddle    n.谜语    [rid-dle]
 - scrub    n.矮树丛；身体矮小的人；v.用力擦洗    [scrub]
 - sift    v.筛，过滤    [sift]
 + spruce    n.云杉；a.整洁的    [spruce]
 - tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 + unspotted    a.清白的，无污点的    [un-spot-ted]
 - ventilate    v.使…通风，透风    [ven-ti-late]
 - weed    n.杂草，野草；v.除草    [weed]
 - winnow    v.把(谷物)的杂质吹掉，扬去    [win-now]

***** uncleanness 653

 + besmirch    v.诽谤    [be-smirch]
 + blur    n.模糊不清的事物；v.使…模糊    [blur]
 - bog    n.沼泽；v.使…陷入泥沼    [bog]
 - carrion    n.腐肉    [car-ri-on]
 - cloying    a.甜得发腻的    [cloy-ing]
 - coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 + coarsen    v.使某物变粗糙    [coars-en]
 + compost    n.混合肥料    [com-post]
 + contaminate    v.使…受污染    [con-tam-i-nate]
 + corrupt    a.堕落的，腐败的；文体有错误的    [cor-rupt]
 - dabble    v.涉足，浅赏    [dab-ble]
 - debase    v.贬低，贬损    [de-base]
 - defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 - den    n.兽穴，窝    [den]
 - drab    a.枯黄色的；无聊的    [drab]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - dregs    n.糟粕，沉淀废物    [dregs]
 + dross    n.浮渣；糟粕    [dross]
 - effete    a.无生产力；虚弱的    [ef-fete]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 + fertilizer    n.肥料，化肥    [fer-ti-liz-er]
 + fester    v.(指伤口)溃烂，化脓    [fes-ter]
 - fetid    a.有恶臭的    [fet-id]
 + filth    n.肮脏；粗语    [filth]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - fusty    a.陈腐的，霉臭的    [fus-ty]
 - grit    n.沙粒；决心，勇气；v.下定决心，咬紧牙关    [grit]
 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 - lair    n.野兽的巢穴；躲藏处    [lair]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 - manure    n.粪肥；v.给…施肥    [ma-nure]
 + mire    n.泥沼；困境；v.使…陷入困境    [mire]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + moldy    a.发霉的    [mold-y]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 + pathological    a.病态的；病理的    [path-o-log-i-cal]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - rancid    a.不新鲜的，变味的    [ran-cid]
 - rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - reek    v.发臭味；冒烟    [reek]
 + roil    v.煽动，搅浑    [roil]
 - rotten    a.腐败的；糟糕的    [rot-ten]
 - scrub    n.矮树丛；身体矮小的人；v.用力擦洗    [scrub]
 - scurvy    a.卑鄙的，可鄙的    [scurvy]
 + sediment    n.沉淀物，渣    [sed-i-ment]
 - sewer    n.排水沟，下水道    [sew-er]
 - shavings    n.刨花    [shavings]
 + silt    n.淤泥，淤沙    [silt]
 - slag    n.炉渣，矿渣    [slag]
 - slough    v.(蛇等)蜕皮；n.(蛇等的)蜕皮    [slough]
 + smear    n.油渍，污点；v.弄脏，玷污    [smear]
 + smudge    n.渍痕；v.弄脏    [smudge]
 - soil    n./v.弄脏，污损    [soil]
 - soot    n.黑烟灰，油烟    [soot]
 - spawn    n.(鱼等)卵子；v.大量生产    [spawn]
 + squalid    a.污秽的，肮脏的    [squal-id]
 + squalor    n.不洁，污秽    [squal-or]
 - stain    v.玷污；染色    [stain]
 + tare    n.莠草，杂草    [tare]
 - tarnish    n./v.失去光泽，晦暗    [tar-nish]
 + unkempt    a.(衣服、头发)不整洁的    [un-kempt]
 + unscrupulousness    n.狂妄，肆无忌惮    [un-scru-pu-lous-ness]

***** health 654

 + euphoria    n.幸福愉快感    [eu-pho-ri-a]
 - florid    a.华丽的；(脸)红润的    [flor-id]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 + hale    a.健壮的，矍铄的    [hale]
 - hardy    a.耐寒的；强壮的    [har-dy]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - robust    a.健壮的    [ro-bust]
 - sanity    n.神志清楚    [san-i-ty]
 - stanch    v.制止(血液)，止住    [stanch]
 + tinker    n.补锅工人；v.拙劣修补    [tink-er]
 + unscathed    a.未受损伤的，未遭伤害的    [un-scathed]
 - vigorous    a.精力旺盛的，健壮的    [vig-or-ous]

***** disease 655

 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 + ail    v.生病    [ail]
 + allergic    a.过敏的；对…讨厌的    [al-ler-gic]
 + allergy    n.过敏症；厌恶    [al-ler-gy]
 - anemia    n.贫血，贫血症    [a-ne-mi-a]
 - apoplectic    a.中风的；愤怒的    [ap-o-plec-tic]
 - arthritis    n.关节炎    [ar-thri-tis]
 - asthma    n.哮喘症    [asth-ma]
 - atrophy    n.萎缩，衰退    [at-ro-phy]
 - bacteria    n.细菌，培养基    [bac-te-ri-a]
 + bacterium    n.细菌    [bac-te-ri-um]
 + brash    a.性急的；无礼的    [brash]
 - cranky    a.怪癖的，任性的；不稳的    [crank-y]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - decrepit    a.衰老的，破旧的    [de-crep-it]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 + dyspeptic    a.消化不良的；不高兴的    [dys-pep-tic]
 - endemic    a.地方性的    [en-dem-ic]
 - epidemic    a.传染性的，流行性的    [ep-i-dem-ic]
 - fester    v.(指伤口)溃烂，化脓    [fes-ter]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 + flagging    a.下垂的；衰弱的    [flag-ging]
 - halting    a.踌躇的，吞吞吐吐的    [halt-ing]
 - hemophilia    n.血友病，出血不止    [he-mo-phil-i-a]
 - hypertension    n.高血压    [hy-per-ten-sion]
 + infection    n.传染，感染    [in-fec-tion]
 - infirm    a.虚弱的    [in-firm]
 - inflammation    n.激怒；炽热；炎症    [in-flam-ma-tion]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - languish    v.变得消瘦；衰弱    [lan-guish]
 + morbid    a.病态的，不正常的    [mor-bid]
 - moribund    a.即将结束的；垂死的    [mor-i-bund]
 + mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 + pandemic    a.(病)大范围流行的    [pan-dem-ic]
 - pathogen    n.病原体    [path-o-gen]
 - pathological    a.病态的；病理的    [path-o-log-i-cal]
 + pathology    n.病理学    [pa-thol-o-gy]
 - peak    v.憔悴，消瘦    [peak]
 + pine    n.松树；v.(因疾病等)憔悴；渴望    [pine]
 + plague    n.瘟疫；讨厌的人或物；v.烦扰    [plague]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - rotten    a.腐败的；糟糕的    [rot-ten]
 - rupture    n./v.破裂，断裂    [rup-ture]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 + suitcase    n.手提箱，箱子    [suit-case]
 + syndrome    n.综合症状    [syn-drome]
 + ulcer    n.溃疡；腐烂物    [ul-cer]
 - unsound    a.不结实的，不坚固的；无根据的    [un-sound]
 + virus    n.病毒    [vi-rus]

***** salubrity 656

 + aseptic    a.洁净的；无菌的    [a-sep-tic]
 - assimilate    v.同化；吸收    [as-sim-i-late]
 + benign    a.慈祥的    [be-nign]
 + bracing    a.令人振奋的    [brac-ing]
 - innocuous    a.(行为，言论等)无害的    [in-noc-u-ous]
 + invigorating    a.使人有精神的，使人健壮的    [in-vig-or-at-ing]
 + salubrious    a.有益健康的    [sa-lu-bri-ous]
 - salutary    a.有益的，有益健康的    [sal-u-tar-y]
 - tonic    n.增进健康之物，补品；a.滋补的    [ton-ic]
 + wholesome    a.促进健康的    [whole-some]

***** insalubrity 657

 - contagious    a.传染的，有感染力的    [con-ta-gious]
 - deleterious    a.(对身心)有害的，有毒的    [del-e-te-ri-ous]
 - epidemic    a.传染性的，流行性的    [ep-i-dem-ic]
 + narcotic    n.催眠药；a.催眠的    [nar-cot-ic]
 - noisome    a.恶臭的；令人不快的    [noi-some]
 - noxious    a.有害的，有毒的    [nox-ious]
 - pathological    a.病态的；病理的    [path-o-log-i-cal]
 + pestilent    a.致死的；有害的    [pes-ti-lent]
 - poisonous    a.有毒的；有害的    [poi-son-ous]
 + septic    a.受感染的，腐败的    [sep-tic]
 + taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 + toxic    a.有毒的，中毒的    [tox-ic]
 - virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]

***** improvement 658

 + ameliorate    v.改善，改良    [a-me-lio-rate]
 + amend    v.修正；通常向更好的方向变化    [a-mend]
 + amendment    n.改正，修正；[法]修正案    [a-mend-ment]
 + boost    v.往上推；增加，提高    [boost]
 + convalesce    v.(病)康复，复原    [con-va-lesce]
 - cultivate    v.种植；向…讨好    [cul-ti-vate]
 + elaborate    a.精致的，复杂的；v.详尽地说明，阐明    [e-lab-o-rate]
 + elaboration    n.详细的细节，详尽阐述    [e-lab-o-ra-tion]
 + emend    v.订正，校订    [e-mend]
 - enhance    v.提高，增加，改善    [en-hance]
 - fatten    v.使长肥；使土壤肥沃；装满    [fat-ten]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - foster    v.培养，鼓励；领养    [fos-ter]
 - invigorate    v.鼓舞，激励    [in-vig-or-ate]
 - mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 + mend    v.修改，改进    [mend]
 - mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 + palliate    v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)    [pal-li-ate]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 - promote    v.提升；促进    [pro-mote]
 - prune    n.梅干；v.修剪    [prune]
 - purify    v.使洁净，净化    [pu-ri-fy]
 - rally    v.召集，集会；n.召集；集会    [ral-ly]
 - realign    v.重新组合(排列)    [re-a-lign]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - rectify    v.改正，调正；提纯    [rec-ti-fy]
 + recuperate    v.恢复(健康)，复原    [re-cu-per-ate]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 + reparable    a.能补救的，可挽回的    [rep-a-ra-ble]
 - revise    n./v.改变，修正    [re-vise]
 - ripen    v.使成熟    [rip-en]
 - upgrade    v.提升，给…升级    [up-grade]
 - upswing    n.上升，增长    [up-swing]

***** deterioration 659

 - adulterate    v.掺假    [a-dul-ter-ate]
 - aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 - atrophy    n.萎缩，衰退    [at-ro-phy]
 - blemish    v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点    [blem-ish]
 + blight    n.植物枯萎病；v.使…枯萎    [blight]
 + blighted    a.枯萎的；衰老的    [blighted]
 - coarsen    v.使某物变粗糙    [coars-en]
 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - commission    n.委托；佣金    [com-mis-sion]
 - contaminate    v.使…受污染    [con-tam-i-nate]
 - corrode    v.腐蚀，侵蚀    [cor-rode]
 - corrupt    a.堕落的，腐败的；文体有错误的    [cor-rupt]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - cronyism    n.任人唯亲；对好朋友的偏袒    [cro-ny-ism]
 - crumble    v.弄碎；崩毁    [crum-ble]
 - debase    v.贬低，贬损    [de-base]
 + decadence    n.衰落，颓废    [dec-a-dence]
 - deciduous    a.非永久的；短暂的；脱落的；落叶的    [de-cid-u-ous]
 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - decrepit    a.衰老的，破旧的    [de-crep-it]
 - deface    v.损坏    [de-face]
 - defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 + degradation    n.降低身份，受辱    [deg-ra-da-tion]
 - deleterious    a.(对身心)有害的，有毒的    [del-e-te-ri-ous]
 + demoralize    v.使士气低落    [de-mor-al-ize]
 - depraved    a.堕落的，腐化的    [de-praved]
 - depravity    n.堕落，恶习    [de-prav-i-ty]
 + deteriorate    v.(使)变坏，恶化    [de-te-ri-o-rate]
 - deterioration    n.恶化，堕落    [de-te-ri-o-ra-tion]
 - die    n.金属模子，印模    [die]
 + dilapidate    v.(使)荒废，(使)毁坏    [di-lap-i-date]
 + dilapidated    a.破旧的，倒塌的    [di-lap-i-da-ted]
 - disfigure    v.毁容    [dis-fig-ure]
 - dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 - droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 - ebb    v.退潮；衰退    [ebb]
 - effete    a.无生产力；虚弱的    [ef-fete]
 - emaciate    v.使…瘦弱；消瘦    [e-ma-ci-ate]
 - exacerbate    v.加重，恶化    [ex-ac-er-bate]
 - fade    v.褪色，消失，凋谢    [fade]
 - gnaw    v.啃，咬    [gnaw]
 - havoc    n.大破坏，混乱    [hav-oc]
 + impair    v.损害，使弱    [im-pair]
 - inroad    n.突袭；消耗    [in-road]
 - jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 - maculated    a.有斑点的    [mac-u-lat-ed]
 - mangle    v.毁损；撕成碎片，压碎    [man-gle]
 - mar    v.破坏，损伤    [mar]
 - moldy    a.发霉的    [mold-y]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - oxidize    v.氧化，生锈    [ox-i-dize]
 - perish    v.死，暴卒    [per-ish]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - prejudice    n.偏见，成见；v.使产生偏见    [prej-u-dice]
 - rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - ravage    v.摧毁，使荒废    [rav-age]
 - recession    n.经济萧条时期；撤回，退回    [re-ces-sion]
 - rotten    a.腐败的；糟糕的    [rot-ten]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 - scotch    v.镇压，粉碎    [scotch]
 - sere    a.干枯的，凋萎的    [sere]
 - shopworn    a.在商店中陈列旧了的    [shop-worn]
 - slippage    n.滑动，下降    [slip-page]
 + spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]
 - stain    v.玷污；染色    [stain]
 - stale    a.不新鲜的，陈腐的    [stale]
 - syndrome    n.综合症状    [syn-drome]
 - tamper    v.损害，窜改    [tam-per]
 - tatty    a.简陋的，不整洁的    [tat-ty]
 - threadbare    a.磨破的，陈腐的    [thread-bare]
 - totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]
 - undermine    v.破坏，损坏    [un-der-mine]
 - vandalize    v.肆意破坏    [van-dal-ize]
 + vitiate    v.削弱，损害    [vi-ti-ate]
 - wane    v.减少，衰微    [wane]
 - warp    v./n.翘起，弯曲    [warp]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]
 + wilt    v.使…凋谢，枯萎    [wilt]
 - wither    v.枯萎，凋零    [with-er]

***** restoration 660

 + caulk    v.填塞(隙缝使不漏水)    [caulk]
 - cobbler    n.补鞋匠    [cob-bler]
 - convalesce    v.(病)康复，复原    [con-va-lesce]
 + convalescent    a./n.康复中的(病人)    [con-va-les-cent]
 - emend    v.订正，校订    [e-mend]
 + heal    v.治愈    [heal]
 - rally    v.召集，集会；n.召集；集会    [ral-ly]
 + reclaim    v.纠正；开垦(土地)    [re-claim]
 + reconstitute    v.再组成；用水泡    [re-con-sti-tute]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - rectify    v.改正，调正；提纯    [rec-ti-fy]
 - recuperate    v.恢复(健康)，复原    [re-cu-per-ate]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - redemptive    a.赎回的，救赎的，救世的    [redemptive]
 - redistribution    n.重新分配    [re-dis-tri-bu-tion]
 + redress    n.改正，修正    [re-dress]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 + rehabilitate    v.修复，恢复(职业等)    [re-ha-bil-i-tate]
 - reinforce    v.加强力量，增援    [re-in-force]
 + reinstate    v.恢复(原职)    [re-in-state]
 + rejuvenate    v.使返老还童    [re-ju-ve-nate]
 - renovate    v.修复，装修，翻新    [ren-o-vate]
 - reparable    a.能补救的，可挽回的    [rep-a-ra-ble]
 + reparation    n.赔偿，补偿    [rep-a-ra-tion]
 + repatriate    v.(自异国)遣返    [re-pa-tri-ate]
 + rescue    n./v.解救；把…从法律监管下强行夺回    [res-cue]
 + restitution    n.归偿；赔偿    [res-ti-tu-tion]
 - restore    v.使回复，恢复；修复，修补    [re-store]
 + restored    a.恢复的，复修的    [re-stored]
 - resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 - resurgence    n.再起，复活，再现    [re-sur-gence]
 - resurrect    v.使复活；复兴    [res-ur-rect]
 - resuscitate    v.使复活，使苏醒    [re-sus-ci-tate]
 + retouch    v.修描；润色    [re-touch]
 + retrieve    v./n.寻回，取回；挽回(错误)    [re-trieve]
 - revitalize    v.使重新充满活力    [re-vi-tal-ize]
 - revive    v.使苏醒；再流    [re-vive]
 - splice    v.接合，衔接    [splice]
 - stanch    v.制止(血液)，止住    [stanch]
 - survive    v.幸存    [sur-vive]
 - tinker    n.补锅工人；v.拙劣修补    [tink-er]

***** relapse 661

 - deterioration    n.恶化，堕落    [de-te-ri-o-ra-tion]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - relapse    n.旧病复发；再恶化；v.旧病复发，再恶化    [re-lapse]
 - throwback    n.返祖现象，复旧    [throw-back]

***** remedy 662

 - alimentary    a.饮食的，营养的    [al-i-men-ta-ry]
 + analgesic    n.镇痛剂；a.止痛的    [an-al-ge-sic]
 - anesthetic    n.麻醉剂；a.麻醉的    [an-es-thet-ic]
 + antibiotic    n.抗生素    [an-ti-bi-ot-ic]
 + antidote    n.解毒药    [an-ti-dote]
 + antiseptic    n.杀菌剂；a.防腐的    [an-ti-sep-tic]
 + apothecary    n.药剂师    [a-poth-e-car-y]
 - balm    n.香油，药膏；镇痛剂    [balm]
 - bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 - cardiologist    n.心脏病专家    [car-di-ol-o-gist]
 - clinical    a.临床的；冷静客观的    [clin-i-cal]
 - compress    v.压缩，浓缩    [com-press]
 + dermatologist    n.皮肤病学家    [der-ma-tol-o-gist]
 - detergent    a.净化的；n.清洁剂    [de-ter-gent]
 - diagnose    v.判断，诊断    [di-ag-nose]
 - disinfectant    n.消毒剂    [dis-in-fect-ant]
 - dose    n.剂量，一剂    [dose]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 + emollient    n.润肤剂    [e-mol-lient]
 - excise    v.切除，删去    [ex-cise]
 - fungicide    n.杀真菌剂    [fun-gi-cide]
 - germicide    n.杀菌剂    [ger-mi-cide]
 + gerontology    n.老人病学    [ger-on-tol-o-gy]
 - herbicide    n.除草剂    [herb-i-cide]
 - hypnotic    a.催眠的；n.催眠药    [hyp-not-ic]
 - incise    v.切，切割    [in-cise]
 - injection    n.注射；注射剂    [in-jec-tion]
 - insecticide    n.杀虫剂    [in-sec-ti-cide]
 - iodine    n.碘；碘酒    [i-o-dine]
 - laxative    a.(药)通便的；放松的；n.轻泻药    [lax-a-tive]
 + lubricant    n.润滑剂    [lu-bri-cant]
 - narcotic    n.催眠药；a.催眠的    [nar-cot-ic]
 - nostrum    n.家传秘方；万灵丹    [nos-trum]
 - nutrient    n.滋养物质    [nu-tri-ent]
 - ointment    n.油膏，软膏    [oint-ment]
 + orthodontics    n.畸齿矫正学    [or-tho-don-tics]
 - palliate    v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)    [pal-li-ate]
 - palliative    n.缓释剂；a.减轻的，缓和的    [pal-li-a-tive]
 + panacea    n.万灵药    [pan-a-ce-a]
 - paranoid    a.偏执狂的，过分怀疑的    [par-a-noid]
 + pediatrics    n.小儿科    [pe-di-at-rics]
 + penicillin    n.盘尼西林，青霉素    [pen-i-cil-lin]
 + pharmaceutical    a.制药的    [phar-ma-ceu-ti-cal]
 + pharmacology    n.药理学，药物学    [phar-ma-col-o-gy]
 + placebo    n.安慰剂    [pla-ce-bo]
 - plaster    n.灰泥，石膏；v.抹灰泥    [plas-ter]
 + podiatrist    n.足医    [po-di-a-trist]
 - prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - quack    n.冒充内行之人；庸医    [quack]
 - receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 + recipe    n.食谱    [rec-i-pe]
 - redress    n.改正，修正    [re-dress]
 - restore    v.使回复，恢复；修复，修补    [re-store]
 + salve    n.药膏；v.减轻，缓和    [sal-ve]
 - sedative    a.(药物)镇静的；n.镇静剂    [sed-a-tive]
 - stethoscope    n.听诊器    [steth-o-scope]
 + stimulant    n.兴奋剂，刺激物    [stim-u-lant]
 + surgeon    n.外科医师；军医，船上的医生    [sur-geon]
 + therapeutic    a.治病的    [ther-a-peu-tic]
 - tonic    n.增进健康之物，补品；a.滋补的    [ton-ic]
 - vaccine    n.牛痘苗，疫苗    [vac-cine]

***** bane 663

 - bane    n.祸根    [bane]
 + fang    n.(毒蛇的)尖牙    [fang]
 - leaven    n.发酵剂；影响力；v.发酵；影响    [leav-en]
 + nettle    n.荨麻；v.烦忧，激恼    [net-tle]
 - nicotine    n.尼古丁    [nic-o-tine]
 - pest    n.害虫；讨厌的人或物    [pest]
 - poisonous    a.有毒的；有害的    [poi-son-ous]
 + scourge    n.鞭笞；磨难；v.鞭笞，磨难    [scourge]
 - sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]
 + thorn    n.刺；荆棘    [thorn]
 + toxin    n.毒素，毒质    [tox-in]

**** 3. Contingent Subservience

***** safety 664

 - airtight    a.密闭的，不透气的    [air-tight]
 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 - auspices    n.资助，赞助    [aus-pi-ces]
 - confidence    n.信任，自信，信心    [con-fi-dence]
 + custodian    n.管理员，监护人    [cus-to-di-an]
 + custody    n.监管，保管    [cus-to-dy]
 - ensconce    v.安置，安坐    [en-sconce]
 - impenetrable    a.不能穿透的；不可理解的    [im-pen-e-tra-ble]
 - impregnable    a.攻不破的，征服不了的    [im-preg-na-ble]
 + impunity    n.免除惩罚    [im-pu-ni-ty]
 + invulnerable    a.无法伤害的    [in-vul-ner-a-ble]
 + preservative    a.防腐的；n.防腐剂    [pre-serv-a-tive]
 + quarantine    n.隔离检疫期，隔离    [quar-an-tine]
 + safeguard    n.防范措施    [safe-guard]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 - sentinel    n.哨兵，卫兵    [sen-ti-nel]
 + shelter    n.掩蔽处，掩蔽；v.庇护，保护    [shel-ter]
 - shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]
 - shroud    n.寿衣；遮蔽物；v.覆盖    [shroud]
 - snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]
 + tenable    a.站得住脚的，无懈可击的    [ten-a-ble]
 - trustworthy    a.值得信赖的，可靠的    [trust-wor-thy]
 - unscathed    a.未受损伤的，未遭伤害的    [un-scathed]
 + unthreatening    a.不威胁的    [un-threat-en-ing]

***** danger 665

 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 - explosive    n.炸药；a.爆炸性的；使人冲动的    [ex-plo-sive]
 - exposure    n.暴露，显露，曝光    [ex-po-sure]
 - hazard    n.危险    [haz-ard]
 + hazardous    a.危险的    [haz-ard-ous]
 + jeopardize    v.危及，危害    [jeop-ard-ize]
 + jeopardy    n.危险    [jeop-ard-y]
 - ominous    a.预兆的，不祥的    [om-i-nous]
 + peril    n.危险    [per-il]
 + perilous    a.危险的，冒险的    [per-i-lous]
 - precarious    a.不稳的，危险的    [pre-car-i-ous]
 + ramshackle    a.摇摇欲坠的    [ram-shack-le]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - spindly    a.细长的，纤弱的    [spin-dly]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]
 - ticklish    a.怕痒的；易怒的    [tick-lish]
 - totter    v.摇摇欲坠；步履蹒跚    [tot-ter]
 + vulnerable    a.易受攻击的    [vul-ner-a-ble]

***** refuge 666

 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 + asylum    n.避难所，庇护所    [a-sy-lum]
 - ballast    n.(船等)压舱物    [bal-last]
 - barrier    n.路障；障碍    [bar-ri-er]
 - covert    a.秘密的，隐密的    [cov-ert]
 + fastness    n.要塞，城堡    [fast-ness]
 - harbor    n.港，避难所；v.包庇，隐匿    [har-bor]
 - haven    n.安息所，避难所    [ha-ven]
 + interlock    v.连锁，连串    [in-ter-lock]
 - quay    n.码头    [quay]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - safeguard    n.防范措施    [safe-guard]
 - shelter    n.掩蔽处，掩蔽；v.庇护，保护    [shel-ter]
 - shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]

***** pitfall 667

 - ambush    v.埋伏；伏击    [am-bush]
 - latency    n.潜伏期    [la-ten-cy]
 - pitfall    n.陷阱，未料到的危险或困难    [pit-fall]
 - precipice    n.悬崖    [prec-i-pice]

***** warning 668

 + admonish    v.训诫；警告    [ad-mon-ish]
 - beacon    n.烽火；灯塔    [bea-con]
 + caveat    n.警告，告诫    [ca-ve-at]
 - croak    n.蛙鸣声；v.发牢骚，抱怨    [croak]
 - grandstand    n.大看台；v.哗众取宠    [grand-stand]
 + menace    v./n.威胁，危险    [men-ace]
 + moralistic    a.道学气的    [mor-al-is-tic]
 - premonition    n.预感，预兆    [pre-mo-ni-tion]
 - sentinel    n.哨兵，卫兵    [sen-ti-nel]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]

***** alarm 669



***** preservation 670

 - additive    n.添加剂    [ad-di-tive]
 - aseptic    a.洁净的；无菌的    [a-sep-tic]
 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 - concentrate    v.集中，浓缩    [con-cen-trate]
 - conservative    a.保守的，守旧的    [con-serv-a-tive]
 - evaporate    v.(使某物)蒸发掉    [e-vap-o-rate]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 - intact    a.完整的，未动过的    [in-tact]
 - maintenance    n.维持，维护    [main-te-nance]
 + pasteurize    v.加热杀菌，消毒    [pas-teur-ize]
 - preservative    a.防腐的；n.防腐剂    [pre-serv-a-tive]
 - rescue    n./v.解救；把…从法律监管下强行夺回    [res-cue]
 - sterilize    v.使不育；杀菌    [ster-i-lize]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]

***** escape 671

 - drawbridge    n.吊挢    [draw-bridge]
 - elude    v.逃避；搞不清    [e-lude]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - flight    n.飞行，飞翔；逃跑    [flight]
 - impunity    n.免除惩罚    [im-pu-ni-ty]
 - loophole    n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔    [loop-hole]
 - refugee    n.难民，流亡者    [ref-u-gee]
 - reprieve    v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂时解救    [re-prieve]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 - vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]

***** deliverance 672

 + emancipate    v.解放，解除    [e-man-ci-pate]
 + extricable    a.可解救的，能脱险的    [ex-tri-ca-ble]
 - extricate    v.拯救，救出    [ex-tri-cate]
 + ransom    n.赎金；赎身；v.赎回    [ran-som]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - reprieve    v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂时解救    [re-prieve]
 - rescue    n./v.解救；把…从法律监管下强行夺回    [res-cue]
 - respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]
 - retrieve    v./n.寻回，取回；挽回(错误)    [re-trieve]

*** 3. Precursory Measures

***** preparation 673

 - adjust    v.整顿，整理；适应    [ad-just]
 - alert    a.警惕的，机警的; n.警报    [a-lert]
 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 - anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 - attune    (to)v.使调和    [at-tune]
 - barbecue    n.烤肉架；烤肉    [bar-be-cue]
 - breed    v.繁殖；教养；n.品种，种类    [breed]
 - digestion    n.消化，吸收    [di-ges-tion]
 - elaborate    a.精致的，复杂的；v.详尽地说明，阐明    [e-lab-o-rate]
 - elaboration    n.详细的细节，详尽阐述    [e-lab-o-ra-tion]
 + fledge    v.小鸟长飞羽，变得羽毛丰满    [fledge]
 - forecast    v.预报，预测；n.预测    [fore-cast]
 - garnish    v.装饰    [gar-nish]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 - hatch    n.船舱盖；v.孵化    [hatch]
 - inchoate    a.刚开始的；未发展的    [in-cho-ate]
 - incubate    v.孵化    [in-cu-bate]
 + incubation    n.孵卵期；潜伏期    [in-cu-ba-tion]
 - labored    a.吃力的；(文体等)不自然的    [la-bored]
 - mature    a.成熟的；深思熟虑的    [ma-ture]
 - maturity    n.成熟，完备    [ma-tur-i-ty]
 - nurture    v.抚育，给…营养物，教养；n.养育，营养物；(总称)环境因素    [nur-ture]
 - pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 - predisposition    n.倾向，癖性    [pre-dis-po-si-tion]
 + preen    v.整理羽毛；(人)打扮修饰    [preen]
 - preliminary    a.预备的；初步的，开始的    [pre-lim-i-nar-y]
 - prime    n.全盛时期；a.首先的；最好的    [prime]
 + primp    v.(妇女)刻意打扮    [primp]
 - provident    a.深谋远虑的；节俭的    [prov-i-dent]
 - provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 - provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 - ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 + refurbish    v.刷新，擦亮    [re-fur-bish]
 - rehearsal    n.排演，演习    [re-hears-al]
 - rehearse    v.排练，预演；详述    [re-hearse]
 - rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 - ripen    v.使成熟    [rip-en]
 - scaffold    n.脚手架(造房时搭的架子)    [scaf-fold]
 - snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]
 - table    v.搁置，不加考虑    [ta-ble]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]

***** nonpreparation 674

 - amateurish    a.业余爱好的，不熟练的    [am-a-teur-ish]
 - coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 + crudity    n.粗糙，生硬    [cru-di-ty]
 - dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 - extemporaneous    a.即席的，没有准备的    [ex-tem-po-ra-ne-ous]
 - extemporize    v.即席演说    [ex-tem-po-rize]
 - fallow    n.休耕地；a.(土地)休耕的    [fal-low]
 - gear    n.齿轮；装备；仪器    [gear]
 - germ    n.胚芽，芽孢；微生物，细菌    [germ]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - improvident    a.无远见的，不节俭的    [im-prov-i-dent]
 - improvise    v.即席而作    [im-pro-vise]
 - improvised    a.临时准备的，即席而作的    [im-pro-vised]
 - precocious    a.早熟的    [pre-co-cious]
 - premature    a.过早的，早熟的    [pre-ma-ture]
 + shiftless    a.没有决断力的；偷懒的；无能的    [shift-less]
 - spontaneous    a.自发的；自然的    [spon-ta-ne-ous]
 - unpremeditated    a.非预谋的    [un-pre-med-i-tat-ed]
 - unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]
 - untutored    a.未经教育的    [un-tu-tored]

***** essay 675

 - debut    n.初次登台，初次露面    [de-but]
 - empirical    a.经验的，实证的    [em-pir-i-cal]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 + strive    v.奋斗，努力    [strive]
 - tentative    a.试探性的，尝试性的    [ten-ta-tive]

***** undertaking 676

 - anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - apprentice    n.学徒    [ap-pren-tice]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 - contract    n.合同；v.订合同；收缩    [con-tract]
 - enterprise    n.公司，事业单位；进取心    [en-ter-prise]
 - tackle    v.处理；n.滑车    [tack-le]

***** use 677

 - absorb    v.吸收；同化；吸引…的注意    [ab-sorb]
 - application    n.请求，申请；应用，应用程序    [ap-pli-ca-tion]
 - disposal    n.清除，处理    [dis-pos-al]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - exert    v.运用(力量等)    [ex-ert]
 - expend    v.花费；用光    [ex-pend]
 - handle    n.柄，把手；v.处理    [han-dle]
 - manipulate    v.操纵    [ma-nip-u-late]
 - mold    n.模子；(美)霉；v.塑造    [mold]
 + recourse    n.求助，依靠    [re-course]
 - resort    n.度假胜地    [re-sort]
 + utilize    v.利用，使用    [u-ti-lize]
 - wield    v.支配，掌权    [wield]

***** disuse 678

 - abstain    v.禁绝，放弃    [ab-stain]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - dismantle    v.拆除    [dis-man-tle]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 + forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 + forgo    v.放弃，抛弃    [for-go]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - shelve    v.搁置    [shelve]
 - supersede    v.淘汰，取代    [su-per-sede]
 - untapped    a.未开发的，未利用的    [un-tapped]

***** misuse 679

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 + desecrate    v.玷辱，亵渎    [des-e-crate]
 + profane    v.亵渎，玷污    [pro-fane]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

** Section III. Voluntary Action

*** 1. Simple Voluntary Action

***** action 680

 - bout    n.一回合，一阵    [bout]
 + commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - coup    n.意外而成功的行动    [cou-p]
 - deed    n.行为；(土地或建筑物的)转让契约、证书    [deed]
 - emote    v.激动地表达感情    [e-mote]
 - enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 + exploit    v.剥削；开发利用；n.英勇行为    [ex-ploit]
 + feat    n.功绩，壮举    [feat]
 + inflict    v.遭受    [in-flict]
 - movement    n.(交响乐)乐章    [move-ment]
 - prosecute    v.告发，检举    [pros-e-cute]
 - stitch    n.(缝纫时的)一针，一钩；v.缝合    [stitch]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]

***** inaction 681

 - fallow    n.休耕地；a.(土地)休耕的    [fal-low]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - passive    a.被动的，缺乏活力的    [pas-sive]
 - refrain    v.抑制；n.歌曲的反复句，叠句    [re-frain]
 + sinecure    n.挂名差事，闲职    [si-ne-cure]

***** activity 682

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 - agile    a.敏捷的，灵活的    [ag-ile]
 + agility    n.敏捷    [a-gil-i-ty]
 - agitate    v.搅动，煽动；使不安，使焦虑    [ag-i-tate]
 - alacrity    n.乐意，欣然；敏捷，活泼    [a-lac-ri-ty]
 - alert    a.警惕的，机警的; n.警报    [a-lert]
 - animated    a.活泼的，生动的    [an-i-mat-ed]
 - animation    n.活泼，有生气；卡通制作    [an-i-ma-tion]
 - arouse    v.唤醒；激发    [a-rouse]
 + assiduous    a.勤勉的；专心的    [as-sid-u-ous]
 - brisk    a.敏捷的，活泼的；清新健康的    [brisk]
 + devotee    n.爱好者    [dev-o-tee]
 - diligence    n.勤勉，勤奋    [dil-i-gence]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 + drudgery    n.苦工，苦活    [drudg-er-y]
 - expeditious    a.迅速的，敏捷的    [ex-pe-di-tious]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 + fidget    v.坐立不安；n.烦躁之人    [fidg-et]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - frisky    a.活泼的，快活的    [frisk-y]
 - fuss    n.大惊小怪    [fuss]
 - fussy    a.爱挑剔的    [fuss-y]
 - hasten    v.催促，促进    [has-ten]
 - indefatigable    a.不知疲倦的    [in-de-fat-i-ga-ble]
 - industrious    a.勤劳的，勤勉的    [in-dus-tri-ous]
 + insomnia    n.失眠症    [in-som-ni-a]
 - intent    a.专心的，渴望的；n.目的，意向    [in-tent]
 - interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 - interpose    v.置于…之间；使介入    [in-ter-pose]
 - intrigue    v.密谋；引起…极大兴趣    [in-trigue]
 + meddle    v.干涉，干预    [med-dle]
 + meddlesome    a.爱管闲事的    [med-dle-some]
 - movement    n.(交响乐)乐章    [move-ment]
 - notable    a.明显的，出众的，重要的    [no-ta-ble]
 + officious    a.爱发命令的，好忠告的；过度殷勤的    [of-fi-cious]
 + painstaking    a.煞费苦心的    [pains-tak-ing]
 + perky    a.神气的；活泼的    [perk-y]
 - plod    v.重步走；吃力地干    [plod]
 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]
 - ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 - restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 - sedulity    n.勤奋，勤勉    [se-du-li-ty]
 + sedulous    a.聚精会神的，勤勉的    [sed-u-lous]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - stir    v.刺激    [stir]
 - tamper    v.损害，窜改    [tam-per]
 - toll    n.过路(桥)费；伤亡人数，损失；v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲    [toll]
 - velocity    n.速度；迅速    [ve-loc-i-ty]
 + vivacious    a.活泼的，快活的    [vi-va-cious]

***** inactivity 683

 - balmy    a.(气候)温和的；芳香的    [balm-y]
 - coma    n.昏迷状态    [co-ma]
 - comatose    a.昏迷的    [co-ma-tose]
 - dabble    v.涉足，浅赏    [dab-ble]
 - dally    v.闲荡，嬉戏    [dal-ly]
 - dawdle    v.闲荡，虚度    [daw-dle]
 - dilatory    a.慢吞吞的，磨蹭的    [di-la-to-ry]
 - dormancy    n.休眠状态    [dor-man-cy]
 - dormant    a.冬眠的；静止的    [dor-mant]
 - drawl    v./n.慢吞吞地说话（态度）    [drawl]
 - drone    v.嗡嗡地响，单调地说；n.单调的低音    [drone]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - dummy    n.人体模型，假人    [dum-my]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - flagging    a.下垂的；衰弱的    [flag-ging]
 + goldbrick    v.逃避责任，偷懒    [gold-brick]
 + hibernate    v.冬眠，蛰伏    [hi-ber-nate]
 - hypnotic    a.催眠的；n.催眠药    [hyp-not-ic]
 - idle    a.(指人)无所事事的；无效的；v.懒散，无所事事    [i-dle]
 + indolent    a.懒惰的    [in-do-lent]
 - inert    a.惰性的；行动迟钝的    [in-ert]
 + jaded    a.疲惫的；厌倦的；(胶卷)暴光过分的    [jad-ed]
 + lackadaisical    a.无精打采的；无兴趣的    [lack-a-dai-si-cal]
 - lag    v.落后，滞留    [lag]
 - languid    a.没精打采的，倦怠的    [lan-guid]
 - languish    v.变得消瘦；衰弱    [lan-guish]
 - languor    n.身心疲惫    [lan-guor]
 - leisureliness    n.悠然，从容    [lei-sure-li-ness]
 + lethargic    a.昏睡的    [le-thar-gic]
 + lethargy    n.昏睡；倦怠；呆滞懒散    [leth-ar-gy]
 - listless    a.无精打采的    [list-less]
 - loaf    n.一条(面包)；v.虚度光阴    [loaf]
 - loll    v.懒洋洋地坐或卧    [loll]
 - lounge    v.懒散地斜靠；n.休息室    [lounge]
 - lull    n.活动的暂停；v.使平静    [lull]
 - lullaby    n.摇篮曲    [lull-a-by]
 - maudlin    a.感情脆弱的，爱哭的    [maud-lin]
 - mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 - poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 - remiss    a.疏忽的，不留心的    [re-miss]
 - sedative    a.(药物)镇静的；n.镇静剂    [sed-a-tive]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]
 - sloth    n.懒惰；树獭(一种动物)    [sloth]
 - slouch    n.没精打采的样子；v.没精打采地坐(站、走)    [slouch]
 - sluggard    n.懒鬼    [slug-gard]
 + slumber    v.睡眠，安睡；n.安睡    [slum-ber]
 + soporific    a.催眠的；n.安眠药    [sop-o-rif-ic]
 - stasis    n.停滞    [sta-sis]
 + stupor    n.昏迷，不醒人事    [stu-por]
 - supine    a.仰卧的；懒散的    [su-pine]
 - torpid    a.懒散的，死气沉沉的    [tor-pid]
 - torpor    n.死气沉沉    [tor-por]
 - trance    n.恍惚，昏睡状态    [trance]
 - yawn    v.打呵欠    [yawn]

***** haste 684

 - accelerate    v.加速；促进    [ac-cel-er-ate]
 - boisterous    a.喧闹的；猛烈的    [bois-ter-ous]
 - brusque    a.唐突的，鲁莽的    [brusque]
 - cursory    a.粗略的，草率的    [cur-so-ry]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 - fidget    v.坐立不安；n.烦躁之人    [fidg-et]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 - fuss    n.大惊小怪    [fuss]
 - fussy    a.爱挑剔的    [fuss-y]
 - hasten    v.催促，促进    [has-ten]
 - hasty    a.急急忙忙的    [has-ty]
 - headlong    adj./adv.轻率的(地)，迅猛的(地)    [head-long]
 - impetuous    a.冲动的，鲁莽的    [im-pet-u-ous]
 - pell-mell    adv.混乱地    [pell-mell]
 - plunge    v.投入；俯冲    [plunge]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - precipitation    n.降水(量)    [pre-cip-i-ta-tion]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - scurry    v.急跑，疾行    [scur-ry]
 - urgent    a.迫切的，紧急的    [ur-gent]
 - velocity    n.速度；迅速    [ve-loc-i-ty]

***** leisure 685

 + convenience    n.便利，有益；方便(的用具，机械等)    [con-ven-i-ence]
 - deliberate    a.深思熟虑的，故意的；v.慎重考虑    [de-lib-er-ate]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 - repose    n./v.躺着休息，安睡    [re-pose]

***** exertion 686

 - drudgery    n.苦工，苦活    [drudg-er-y]
 - elaborate    a.精致的，复杂的；v.详尽地说明，阐明    [e-lab-o-rate]
 - exert    v.运用(力量等)    [ex-ert]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - painstaking    a.煞费苦心的    [pains-tak-ing]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - strive    v.奋斗，努力    [strive]
 + toil    v./n.辛苦，辛勤劳作    [toil]
 + wearisome    a.使人感到疲倦或厌倦的    [wea-ri-some]

***** repose 687

 - recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 - repose    n./v.躺着休息，安睡    [re-pose]
 - respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]
 - slacken    v.(使)松弛，放松    [slack-en]
 - unbend    v.弄直；放松    [un-bend]

***** fatigue 688

 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 - exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 + fatigue    n.疲乏，劳累    [fa-tigue]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 + harass    v.侵扰，烦忧    [har-ass]
 + irk    v.使苦恼的，厌烦    [irk]
 + irksome    a.令人苦恼的，讨厌的    [irk-some]
 - jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - jaded    a.疲惫的；厌倦的；(胶卷)暴光过分的    [jad-ed]
 + lassitude    n.无力；没精打采    [las-si-tude]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - shattered    a.粉碎的；破坏的    [shattered]
 + succumb    v.屈从；因…死亡    [suc-cumb]
 - tire    n.轮胎(tyre)；v.疲劳    [tire]
 - wearisome    a.使人感到疲倦或厌倦的    [wea-ri-some]
 + weary    a.疲劳的，令人厌倦的；v.厌烦    [wea-ry]
 - wilt    v.使…凋谢，枯萎    [wilt]
 - yawn    v.打呵欠    [yawn]

***** refreshment 689

 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 - brace    v.使稳固，架稳；n.支撑物    [brace]
 - bracing    a.令人振奋的    [brac-ing]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]

***** agent 690

 - architect    n.建筑师    [ar-chi-tect]
 + bricklayer    n.砌砖盖房者，泥瓦匠    [brick-lay-er]
 + carpenter    n.木匠    [car-pen-ter]
 + factotum    n.杂役，听差    [fac-to-tum]
 + forger    n.伪造者；打铁匠    [forg-er]
 - hack    v.乱劈，乱砍；n.雇佣文人    [hack]
 + mason    n.泥瓦匠，石匠    [ma-son]
 - operative    a.(计划等)实施中的；生效的    [op-er-a-tive]
 - personnel    n.全体人员，员工    [per-son-nel]
 + plumber    n.管子工，铅管工    [plumb-er]
 + practitioner    n.开业者；从事某种手艺者    [prac-ti-tion-er]
 + silversmith    n.银匠    [sil-ver-smith]
 + termite    n.白蚁    [ter-mite]

***** workshop 691

 - armory    n.军械库    [ar-mor-y]
 - cabinet    n.橱柜；内阁    [cab-i-net]
 - caldron    n.(煮汤用的)大锅    [cal-dron]
 - forge    n.铁匠铺；v.锤炼；伪造    [forge]
 - furnace    n.锅炉    [fur-nace]
 - hive    n.蜂房；忙碌之地    [hive]
 - loom    n.织布机；v.(威胁性)隐约出现    [loom]
 - matrix    n.模子；矩阵    [ma-trix]
 - mill    n.磨坊；压榨机；制造厂    [mill]
 - mint    n.大量；巨额    [mint]
 - refinery    n.提炼厂，精炼厂    [re-fin-er-y]

*** 2. Complex Voluntary Action

***** conduct 692

 + acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 + campaign    n.战役；竞选活动    [cam-paign]
 - conduct    n.品德，行为；v.领导，引导    [con-duct]
 - dealing    n.生意行为；作风    [deal-ing]
 + demean    v.贬抑，降低    [de-mean]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 - enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 - guise    n.外观，装束    [guise]
 - husbandry    n.耕种，务农；节敛管理    [hus-band-ry]
 - regime    n.政权，政治制度    [re-gime]
 + supervise    v.监督，管理    [su-per-vise]
 - transaction    n.办理，交易    [trans-ac-tion]

***** direction 693

 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 - conduct    n.品德，行为；v.领导，引导    [con-duct]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 + legislation    n.法律，法规，立法    [leg-is-la-tion]
 + legislature    n.立法机关，立法团体    [leg-is-la-ture]
 - needle    n.针；针叶    [nee-dle]
 - overlook    v.忽视；俯视    [o-ver-look]
 - oversee    v.监督    [o-ver-see]
 - pilot    n.飞行员；领航员；领导人    [pi-lot]
 - portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 + prescribe    v.开处方；规定    [pre-scribe]
 + preside    v.担任主席；负责；指挥    [pre-side]
 - regulate    v.管制；调整    [reg-u-late]
 + rudder    n.船舵；领导者    [rud-der]
 - steer    v.操舵，驾驶；n.公牛，食用牛    [steer]
 + superintend    v.监督    [su-per-in-tend]
 - supervise    v.监督，管理    [su-per-vise]
 - tackle    v.处理；n.滑车    [tack-le]

***** director 694

 - arbiter    n.权威人士，泰斗    [ar-bi-ter]
 - bellwether    n.领导者，领头羊    [bell-weth-er]
 + demagogue    n.蛊惑民心的政客    [dem-a-gogue]
 - factotum    n.杂役，听差    [fac-to-tum]
 + functionary    n.小官，低级公务员    [func-tion-ar-y]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 - oversee    v.监督    [o-ver-see]
 - pilot    n.飞行员；领航员；领导人    [pi-lot]
 - principal    a.主要的，重要的    [prin-ci-pal]
 + proctor    n.代理人，学监    [proc-tor]
 + ranger    n.森林管理员；巡逻骑警    [rang-er]
 + surveyor    n.测量员    [sur-vey-or]
 + vicar    n.教区牧师    [vic-ar]

***** advice 695

 - admonish    v.训诫；警告    [ad-mon-ish]
 - advocacy    n.拥护，支持    [ad-vo-ca-cy]
 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - arbiter    n.权威人士，泰斗    [ar-bi-ter]
 - confer    v.讨论，商谈；赠予    [con-fer]
 - conference    n.讨论会，协商会    [con-fer-ence]
 - deliberate    a.深思熟虑的，故意的；v.慎重考虑    [de-lib-er-ate]
 - dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 - enjoin    v.命令，吩咐    [en-join]
 - exhort    v.力劝，勉励    [ex-hort]
 - expostulate    v.(对人或行为进行)抗议，告诫    [ex-pos-tu-late]
 - hortative    a.激励的    [hor-ta-tive]
 - injunction    n.命令，强制令    [in-junc-tion]
 - mentor    n.导师    [men-tor]
 - prescribe    v.开处方；规定    [pre-scribe]
 - prompt    v.促使，激起；a.敏捷的，迅速的    [prompt]

***** council 696

 - assemble    v.集合，聚集    [as-sem-ble]
 - bench    n.法官席；长凳    [bench]
 - cabinet    n.橱柜；内阁    [cab-i-net]
 + caucus    n.政党高层会议    [cau-cus]
 + clique    n.朋党派系，小集团    [clique]
 - colloquium    n.学术讨论会    [col-lo-qui-um]
 - conclave    n.秘密会议    [con-clave]
 - confer    v.讨论，商谈；赠予    [con-fer]
 - conference    n.讨论会，协商会    [con-fer-ence]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]

***** precept 697

 - canon    n.经典，真作    [ca-non]
 + code    n.密码；法典；v.将某事物编写成密码    [code]
 - formula    n.分子式；公式；套语，惯用语    [for-mu-la]
 + norm    n.规范，准则    [norm]
 - precept    n.箴言，格言    [pre-cept]
 - prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 - recipe    n.食谱    [rec-i-pe]
 + statute    n.法规，法令    [stat-ute]

***** skill 698

 - accomplished    a.完成了的；有技巧的，有造诣的    [ac-com-plished]
 - address    v.处理，对付，着手解决；致词    [ad-dress]
 + adroit    a.熟练的，灵巧的    [a-droit]
 - ambidextrous    a.十分灵巧的    [am-bi-dex-trous]
 - apt    a.易于…的，恰当的    [apt]
 - aptitude    n.适宜；才能，资质    [ap-ti-tude]
 - artistry    n.艺术技巧    [art-ist-ry]
 - attainment    n.成就    [at-tain-ment]
 - competence    n.胜任，能力    [com-pe-tence]
 - conversant    a.精通的，熟知的    [con-ver-sant]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - craft    n.行业；手艺    [craft]
 - cunning    a.善于骗人的；灵巧的；n.欺诈行为    [cun-ning]
 - deft    a.灵巧的，熟练的    [deft]
 + dexterity    n.纯熟，灵巧    [dex-ter-i-ty]
 + dexterous    a.灵巧的，熟练的    [dex-ter-ous]
 + discreet    a.言行谨慎的    [dis-creet]
 - discretion    n.谨慎，审慎    [dis-cre-tion]
 - faculty    n.全体教员；官能    [fac-ul-ty]
 - felicitous    a.(话语等)适当的，得体的    [fe-lic-i-tous]
 + finesse    n.技巧；计谋；手段    [fi-nesse]
 + forte    n.长处，擅长；a.(音乐)强音的    [for-te]
 - hackneyed    a.陈腐的，平常的    [hack-neyed]
 + ingenious    a.聪明的，有发明天才的    [in-gen-ious]
 + ingenuity    n.巧思，聪敏    [in-ge-nu-i-ty]
 - knack    n.特殊能力；窍门    [knack]
 - know-how    n.专业技能，知识    [know-how]
 - manipulative    a.操纵别人的，老于世故的    [ma-nip-u-la-tive]
 - mechanics    n.力学    [me-chan-ics]
 - proficient    a.熟练的，精通的    [pro-fi-cient]
 - qualified    a.有资格的；有限制的    [qual-i-fied]
 - ready    a.机敏的，迅速的    [read-y]
 + resourceful    a.机智的    [re-source-ful]
 - shipshape    a.整洁的，井然有序的    [ship-shape]
 - shrewd    a.判断敏捷的，精明的    [shrewd]
 - slick    a.熟练的；圆滑的；光滑的    [slick]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - specialized    a.专门的    [spe-cial-ized]
 - tact    n.机智；圆滑    [tact]
 - virtuosity    n.精湛技巧，高超    [vir-tu-os-i-ty]

***** unskillfulness 699

 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - blunder    v.犯大错；笨拙地做；n.愚蠢之举    [blun-der]
 - boggle    v.畏缩不前；使退缩    [bog-gle]
 + bungle    v.粗制滥造    [bun-gle]
 - clumsy    a.笨拙的；拙劣的    [clum-sy]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 - folly    n.愚蠢；愚蠢的行为，思想或做法    [fol-ly]
 - fumble    v.摸索，笨拙搜寻；弄乱，搞糟    [fum-ble]
 + gaffe    n.(社交上令人不快的)失言，失态    [gaffe]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 - green    a.新鲜的，未成熟的，无经验的    [green]
 - incompetent    a.无能力的，不能胜任的    [in-com-pe-tent]
 - infelicitous    a.不幸的，不妥当的    [in-fe-lic-i-tous]
 + infelicity    n.不幸；不恰当    [in-fe-lic-i-ty]
 + maladroit    a.笨拙的    [mal-a-droit]
 - sabotage    n.阴谋破坏，颠覆活动    [sab-o-tage]
 - shiftless    a.没有决断力的；偷懒的；无能的    [shift-less]
 - stultify    v.使变得荒谬可笑；使无用    [stul-ti-fy]
 - uninitiated    a.外行的，缺乏经验的    [un-in-i-ti-at-ed]
 - unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]

***** proficient 700

 - acrobat    n.特技演员，杂技演员    [ac-ro-bat]
 + adept    a.老练的，精通的    [a-dept]
 - connoisseur    n.鉴赏家，行家    [con-nois-seur]
 + maven    n.专家，内行    [ma-ven]
 - proficient    a.熟练的，精通的    [pro-fi-cient]
 - protagonist    n.提议者，支持者    [pro-tag-o-nist]
 - veteran    n.老兵，老手；a.经验丰富的    [vet-er-an]

***** bungler 701

 - amateur    n.业余爱好者    [am-a-teur]
 - novice    n.生手，新手    [nov-ice]
 - quack    n.冒充内行之人；庸医    [quack]
 + yokel    n.乡巴佬    [yo-kel]

***** cunning 702

 - Byzantine    a.像迷宫似的；难变更的    [Byz-an-tine]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 - arch    n.拱门，拱形    [arch]
 - artifice    n.巧办法；诡计    [ar-ti-fice]
 - artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 - astute    a.机敏的，精明的    [as-tute]
 - canny    a.精明仔细的    [can-ny]
 - chicanery    n.诡计，狡诈    [chi-can-er-y]
 - circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 - contrive    v.计划，设计    [con-trive]
 - craft    n.行业；手艺    [craft]
 - cunning    a.善于骗人的；灵巧的；n.欺诈行为    [cun-ning]
 + diplomatic    a.外交的；圆滑的    [dip-lo-mat-ic]
 - dodge    v.闪开，躲避    [dodge]
 - duplicity    n.欺骗，口是心非    [du-plic-i-ty]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 - finesse    n.技巧；计谋；手段    [fi-nesse]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 + gerrymander    v.(为使某政党在选举中取得优势)不公正地将(某地区)划成选区    [ger-ry-man-der]
 - gimmick    n.吸引人的花招，噱头    [gim-mick]
 - guile    n.欺诈，狡猾    [guile]
 - insidious    a.隐藏诡计的    [in-sid-i-ous]
 - intrigue    v.密谋；引起…极大兴趣    [in-trigue]
 + leery    a.机警的，怀疑的    [leer-y]
 - machination    n.阴谋    [mach-i-na-tion]
 - overreach    v.做事过头    [o-ver-reach]
 - plot    n.情节；阴谋；策划    [plot]
 - ploy    n.花招，策略    [ploy]
 - profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 - resourceful    a.机智的    [re-source-ful]
 + ruse    n.骗术，诡计    [ruse]
 - shiftiness    n.奸诈    [shift-i-ness]
 - shrewd    a.判断敏捷的，精明的    [shrewd]
 + sidestep    v.横跨一步以躲避；回避    [side-step]
 - sly    a.狡猾的，鬼鬼祟祟的    [sly]
 - stratagem    n.谋略，策略    [strat-a-gem]
 - subterfuge    n.诡计，托辞    [sub-ter-fuge]
 - subtle    a.微妙的，精巧的    [sub-tle]
 - tactic    n.(达到目的的)手段；战术    [tac-tic]
 - temporize    v.拖延；见风使舵    [tem-po-rize]
 - underhanded    a.不光明的，卑鄙的    [un-der-hand-ed]
 - undermine    v.破坏，损坏    [un-der-mine]
 + wily    a.狡猾的    [wil-y]

***** artlessness 703

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 + aboveboard    a./adv.光明正大的(地)    [a-bove-board]
 + artless    a.粗俗的；自然的    [art-less]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - candid    a.率直的    [can-did]
 - candor    n.坦白，率直    [can-dor]
 - forthright    a.直率的    [forth-right]
 - guileless    a.厚道的，老实的    [guile-less]
 - ingenuous    a.纯朴的，单纯的    [in-gen-u-ous]
 + innocence    n.无辜，清白    [in-no-cence]
 + naive    a.天真的，纯朴的    [na-ive]
 - outspoken    a.直言不讳的    [out-spo-ken]
 - sincere    a.诚实的，正直的；真挚的，纯净的    [sin-cere]
 - straightforward    a.正直的；易懂的；直截了当的    [straight-for-ward]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 - unreserved    a.无限制的；未被预定的    [un-re-served]
 - untutored    a.未经教育的    [un-tu-tored]
 - verisimilar    a.好像真实的；可能的    [ver-i-sim-i-lar]

** Section IV. Antagonism

*** 1. Conditional Antagonism

***** difficulty 704

 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - boggle    v.畏缩不前；使退缩    [bog-gle]
 - brunt    n.主要冲击力或影响    [brunt]
 - crab    n.蟹，螃蟹；v.抱怨，发脾气    [crab]
 - crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 - crux    n.关键，症结所在    [crux]
 + curmudgeon    n.脾气暴躁之人    [cur-mudg-eon]
 + deadlock    n.相持不下，僵局    [dead-lock]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 - dilemma    n.困境，左右为难    [di-lem-ma]
 - embarrass    v.使忸怩，使难堪    [em-bar-rass]
 - emergency    n.紧急事件    [e-mer-gen-cy]
 + encumber    v.妨害，阻碍    [en-cum-ber]
 - enmesh    v.通常被动)绊住，陷入网    [en-mesh]
 - entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 + formidable    a.可怕的；困难的    [for-mi-da-ble]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - gravel    n.碎石，砂砾    [grav-el]
 + grueling    a.繁重而累人的    [gru-el-ing]
 - imbroglio    n.纠纷，纠葛    [im-bro-gli-o]
 - intractable    a.倔强的；难管的    [in-trac-ta-ble]
 - intricacy    n.错综，复杂，纷乱    [in-tri-ca-cy]
 - intricate    a.复杂难懂的    [in-tri-cate]
 - irksome    a.令人苦恼的，讨厌的    [irk-some]
 - knotty    a.有节疤的    [knot-ty]
 - maze    n.迷宫    [maze]
 + nonplus    v.使窘困迷惑；n.迷惑，窘境    [non-plus]
 - onerous    a.繁重的，麻烦的    [on-er-ous]
 - paradox    n.矛盾；似矛盾而正确的说法    [par-a-dox]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 - pose    v.摆姿势；造作    [pose]
 + quandary    n.困惑，进退两难    [quan-da-ry]
 - ravel    v.纠缠，纠结；拆开，拆散    [rav-el]
 - refractory    a.倔强的；反应迟钝的    [re-frac-to-ry]
 - slough    v.(蛇等)蜕皮；n.(蛇等的)蜕皮    [slough]
 - strait    n.海峡；a.狭窄的    [strait]
 - stranded    a.搁浅的，进退两难的    [stranded]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 - stymie    v.妨碍，阻挠    [sty-mie]
 - ticklish    a.怕痒的；易怒的    [tick-lish]
 - unwieldy    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [un-wield-y]

***** facility 705

 - accessible    a.易达到的；易受影响的    [ac-ces-si-ble]
 - disengage    v.脱离，解开    [dis-en-gage]
 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 - emancipate    v.解放，解除    [e-man-ci-pate]
 + exonerate    v.免除责任；确定无罪    [ex-on-er-ate]
 - extricate    v.拯救，救出    [ex-tri-cate]
 - facile    a.容易做的；肤浅的    [fac-ile]
 + facilitate    v.使容易，促进    [fa-cil-i-tate]
 - feasible    a.可行的，可能的    [fea-si-ble]
 - foolproof    a.容易懂的，简易而不会误用的    [fool-proof]
 - glib    a.流利圆滑的，善辩的    [glib]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - lissome    a.姿态优雅的，柔软的    [lis-some]
 - lubricate    v.润滑    [lu-bri-cate]
 - pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 + readily    adv.不迟疑地；迅速地，轻易地    [read-i-ly]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 - tractable    a.易于驾驭的，温顺的    [trac-ta-ble]
 - unravel    v.解开，拆散    [un-rav-el]
 - yielding    a.弯曲自如的；柔顺的    [yield-ing]

*** 2. Active Antagonism

***** hindrance 706

 + avert    v.避免，防止    [a-vert]
 - balk    n.大方木料；v.妨碍；(因困难等)不愿前进或从事某事    [balk]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - barricade    v.设栅阻挡；n.栅栏    [bar-ri-cade]
 - barrier    n.路障；障碍    [bar-ri-er]
 - blockade    v./n.封锁    [block-ade]
 - blockage    n.障碍物    [block-age]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - choke    v.(使)窒息，阻塞    [choke]
 - circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 - clog    n.障碍; v.阻塞    [clog]
 - congest    v.使拥挤；充血    [con-gest]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 - counteract    v.消除，抵消    [coun-ter-act]
 - cramp    n.铁箍，夹子；v.把…箍紧    [cramp]
 - cumbersome    a.笨重的    [cum-ber-some]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 - dampen    v.(使)潮湿；使沮丧，泼凉水    [damp-en]
 - deserted    a.荒芜的，无人的    [de-sert-ed]
 - discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 - disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 - disrupt    v.弄乱，扰乱    [dis-rupt]
 - embarrass    v.使忸怩，使难堪    [em-bar-rass]
 - encumber    v.妨害，阻碍    [en-cum-ber]
 - faucet    n.水龙头    [fau-cet]
 + faze    v.使…狼狈，折磨    [faze]
 - foil    n.钝剑；箔，锡箔纸    [foil]
 - frustrate    v.挫折，使沮丧    [frus-trate]
 - hamper    v.妨碍，阻挠；n.有盖提篮    [ham-per]
 - hinder    v.阻碍，妨碍    [hin-der]
 - impasse    n.僵局；死路    [im-passe]
 + impede    v.妨碍    [im-pede]
 + impediment    n.妨碍，阻碍物    [im-ped-i-ment]
 + incubus    n.恶梦；梦魇般的精神压力，负担    [in-cu-bus]
 + inhibit    v.抑制    [in-hib-it]
 + intercept    v.中途拦截，截取    [in-ter-cept]
 - interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 - interpose    v.置于…之间；使介入    [in-ter-pose]
 - interrupt    v.暂时中止；打断，打扰    [in-ter-rupt]
 + killjoy    n.令人扫兴的人    [killjoy]
 - lumber    v.蹒跚而行，笨拙地走；n.杂物；木材    [lum-ber]
 - mar    v.破坏，损伤    [mar]
 - nightmare    n.恶梦；可怕的事    [night-mare]
 + objection    n.厌恶，反对    [ob-jec-tion]
 + obstacle    n.障碍，干扰    [ob-sta-cle]
 - obstruct    v.阻塞，截断    [ob-struct]
 - obstruction    n.阻碍(物)，妨碍    [ob-struc-tion]
 + obviate    v.排除(困难)    [ob-vi-ate]
 - onerous    a.繁重的，麻烦的    [on-er-ous]
 + opponent    n.对手，敌手    [op-po-nent]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - pack    n.狼群；一群动物    [pack]
 + preclude    v.避免，排除    [pre-clude]
 + restraint    n.克制    [re-straint]
 - retard    v.妨碍；减速    [re-tard]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 - setback    n.挫折    [setback]
 - shackle    n.脚镣，枷锁    [shack-le]
 - slacken    v.(使)松弛，放松    [slack-en]
 - snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]
 - spoke    n.(车轮上)辐条    [spoke]
 + stonewall    v.拖延议事，设置障碍    [stone-wall]
 - stricture    n.严厉谴责；束缚    [stric-ture]
 - stymie    v.妨碍，阻挠    [sty-mie]
 - tether    v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围    [teth-er]
 - thwart    v.阻挠，使…受挫    [thwart]
 - traverse    v.横穿过，横跨    [trav-erse]
 - undermine    v.破坏，损坏    [un-der-mine]

***** aid 707

 + abet    v.教唆，鼓励，帮助    [a-bet]
 - accessory    a.附属的，次要的    [ac-ces-so-ry]
 - accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - adjunct    n.附加物，附件    [ad-junct]
 - advocacy    n.拥护，支持    [ad-vo-ca-cy]
 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 + amicable    a.友好的    [am-i-ca-ble]
 + ancillary    a.辅助的；n.助手    [an-cil-lar-y]
 + auxiliary    a.辅助的，协助的    [aux-il-ia-ry]
 - bolster    n.枕垫；v.支持，鼓励    [bol-ster]
 - boost    v.往上推；增加，提高    [boost]
 + championship    n.冠军地位；锦标赛    [cham-pi-on-ship]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 - cultivate    v.种植；向…讨好    [cul-ti-vate]
 - favorable    a.有利的；赞成的    [fa-vor-a-ble]
 - foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - foster    v.培养，鼓励；领养    [fos-ter]
 - hasten    v.催促，促进    [has-ten]
 + hearten    v.鼓励，激励    [heart-en]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - manure    n.粪肥；v.给…施肥    [ma-nure]
 + nourish    v.滋养，怀有(希望等)    [nour-ish]
 - nurture    v.抚育，给…营养物，教养；n.养育，营养物；(总称)环境因素    [nur-ture]
 + nutrition    n.营养    [nu-tri-tion]
 + oblige    v.束缚；恩惠于…    [o-blige]
 + obliging    a.恳切的，热心助人的    [o-blig-ing]
 - pander    v.怂恿，迎合(不良欲望)    [pan-der]
 - patronage    n.赞助，惠顾    [pat-ron-age]
 + patronize    v.以高人一等的态度对待；光顾，惠顾    [pa-tron-ize]
 - promote    v.提升；促进    [pro-mote]
 - prop    n.支撑物，靠山；v.支持    [prop]
 - propitious    a.吉利的；顺利的    [pro-pi-tious]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - reinforce    v.加强力量，增援    [re-in-force]
 - rescue    n./v.解救；把…从法律监管下强行夺回    [res-cue]
 - subsidiary    a.辅助的；次要的    [sub-sid-i-ar-y]
 + succor    v./n.救助，援助    [suc-cor]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 - tend    v.照料，看顾    [tend]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 - uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]

***** opposition 708

 - adverse    a.不利的，相反的；敌对    [ad-verse]
 - antagonism    n.反抗，敌意    [an-tag-o-nism]
 - antagonize    v.使对抗；与…对抗    [an-tag-o-nize]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - belie    v.掩饰；证明为假    [be-lie]
 - collision    n.碰撞，冲突    [col-li-sion]
 - conflict    v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触    [con-flict]
 - confront    v.面临；对抗    [con-front]
 - contend    v.与对手竞争；据理力争    [con-tend]
 - contradict    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tra-dict]
 - contravene    v.违背(法规，习俗等)    [con-tra-vene]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 - counteract    v.消除，抵消    [coun-ter-act]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - emulate    v.努力赶上或超越    [em-u-late]
 - encounter    v.遭遇    [en-coun-ter]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - hinder    v.阻碍，妨碍    [hin-der]
 - hostile    a.敌对的，敌意的    [hos-tile]
 + inimical    a.敌意的，不友善的    [in-im-i-cal]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 + polarize    v.使…两极分化    [po-lar-ize]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - restraint    n.克制    [re-straint]
 - rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 + rivalry    n.竞争，对抗    [ri-val-ry]
 - stem    n.(植物的)茎，叶柄；v.阻止，遏制(水流等)    [stem]
 - stream    n.小溪；水流；v.倾注，涌流    [stream]
 - thwart    v.阻挠，使…受挫    [thwart]
 - undermine    v.破坏，损坏    [un-der-mine]
 - variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]
 + vying    a.竞争的    [vy-ing]
 - withstand    v.顶住；经受住    [with-stand]

***** cooperation 709

 - additive    n.添加剂    [ad-di-tive]
 + affiliate    v.加入；联合    [af-fil-i-ate]
 - align    v.将某物排列在一条直线上；与某人结盟    [a-lign]
 + coalition    n.结合，联合    [co-a-li-tion]
 - collaborate    v.合作，协作；通敌    [col-lab-o-rate]
 + collude    v.串通，共谋    [col-lude]
 - communal    a.全体共用的，共享的    [com-mu-nal]
 - concord    n.和睦；公约    [con-cord]
 - concur    v.意见相同，一致    [con-cur]
 - conspire    v.阴谋，共谋    [con-spire]
 + cooperate    v.与他人合作    [co-op-er-ate]
 + cooperative    a.联营的，合作的；愿意协助的    [co-op-er-a-tive]
 - favorable    a.有利的；赞成的    [fa-vor-a-ble]
 - fusion    n.熔合；聚变    [fu-sion]
 + morale    n.士气，精神力量    [mo-rale]
 - symbiosis    n.共生(关系)    [sym-bi-o-sis]

***** opponent 710

 - demagogue    n.蛊惑民心的政客    [dem-a-gogue]
 - diehard    n.顽固分子    [die-hard]
 + malcontent    a.不满的；n.不满分子，反抗者    [mal-con-tent]
 - opponent    n.对手，敌手    [op-po-nent]
 - rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 - wrangler    n.口角者，争论者；牧马者    [wran-gler]

***** auxiliary 711

 - accessory    a.附属的，次要的    [ac-ces-so-ry]
 + accomplice    n.同谋者，帮凶    [ac-com-plice]
 + adherent    n.拥护者，信徒    [ad-her-ent]
 - adjunct    n.附加物，附件    [ad-junct]
 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 - auxiliary    a.辅助的，协助的    [aux-il-ia-ry]
 - champion    n.冠军；斗士；拥护者；v.拥护    [cham-pi-on]
 - dupe    n.易上当的人    [dupe]
 - marshal    v.整理，安排，设置    [mar-shal]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]
 + presenter    n.主持人    [presenter]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 + testator    n.立遗嘱的人    [tes-ta-tor]
 + votary    n.崇拜者，热心支持者    [vo-ta-ry]

***** party 712

 - affiliate    v.加入；联合    [af-fil-i-ate]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 - cabal    n.政治阴谋小集团    [ca-bal]
 - clique    n.朋党派系，小集团    [clique]
 - coalition    n.结合，联合    [co-a-li-tion]
 + confederacy    n.联盟或同盟    [con-fed-er-a-cy]
 + coterie    n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体    [co-te-rie]
 - denomination    n.命名；(长度，币值的)单位    [de-nom-i-na-tion]
 + faction    n.派系；派系斗争    [fac-tion]
 - group    v.使…集合；n.群，集    [group]
 - institute    v.制定，创立(社团，规章)；n.学院，协会    [in-sti-tute]
 - institution    n.公共机构，协会；制度    [in-sti-tu-tion]
 - meld    v.(使)混合，(使)合并    [meld]
 - posse    n.武装团队    [pos-se]
 - solidarity    n.团结，一致    [sol-i-dar-i-ty]

***** discord 713

 - bicker    v.为小事争吵    [bick-er]
 - brawl    v./n.争吵，打架    [brawl]
 - breach    n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背    [breach]
 - clash    v.冲突，撞击    [clash]
 - commotion    n.骚动，动乱    [com-mo-tion]
 - conflict    v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触    [con-flict]
 + contentious    a.好辩的，善争吵的    [con-ten-tious]
 - controversial    a.引起或可能引起争论的    [con-tro-ver-sial]
 - controvert    v.反驳，驳斥    [con-tro-vert]
 - discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 - dispute    v.争论    [dis-pute]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 + enmity    n.敌意，仇恨    [en-mi-ty]
 - entangle    v.使纠缠，卷入    [en-tan-gle]
 - faction    n.派系；派系斗争    [fac-tion]
 + feud    n.宿怨，不和    [feud]
 + flak    n.高射炮；指责    [flak]
 - fracas    n.喧嚷，吵闹    [fra-cas]
 - imbroglio    n.纠纷，纠葛    [im-bro-gli-o]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - jar    v.冲突，抵触；震惊；发刺耳声    [jar]
 - jarring    a.声音刺耳的    [jar-ring]
 + litigant    n.诉讼当事人    [lit-i-gant]
 + litigation    n.诉讼    [lit-i-ga-tion]
 - nag    v.唠叨，烦扰    [nag]
 - odds    n.机会，可能性    [odds]
 + polemic    n.争论，论战    [po-lem-ic]
 + raspy    a.(声音)刺耳的；恼人的    [rasp-y]
 - riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 - rupture    n./v.破裂，断裂    [rup-ture]
 - schism    n.组织分裂    [schism]
 - snarl    n./v.纠缠，混乱    [snarl]
 - spat    n.口角，小争论    [spat]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]
 + squabble    n.争吵    [squab-ble]
 - squall    n.短暂、突然且猛烈的风暴；短暂的骚动    [squall]
 + strife    n.纷争，冲突    [strife]
 + tiff    n.吵嘴，呕气    [tiff]
 - variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]

***** concord 714

 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 + amity    n.(人或国之间的)友好关系    [am-i-ty]
 - assent    v.同意，赞成    [as-sent]
 - chord    n.和弦，和音    [chord]
 + conciliatory    a.抚慰的，调和的    [con-cil-i-a-to-ry]
 - concord    n.和睦；公约    [con-cord]
 - congenial    a.意气相投的；性情好的    [con-gen-ial]
 - congruent    a.全等的，一致的    [con-gru-ent]
 + empathy    n.心意相通，(感情等)融为一体    [em-pa-thy]
 - harmony    n.相符，一致；协调，匀称    [har-mo-ny]
 + intercessor    n.仲裁者    [in-ter-ces-sor]
 - rapport    n.和睦，意见一致    [rap-port]
 + rapprochement    n.和好，和睦    [rap-proche-ment]
 - reciprocate    v.回报，答谢    [re-cip-ro-cate]
 - response    n.反应，响应，回答    [re-sponse]
 + sensitization    n.敏化    [sen-si-ti-za-tion]
 - symphony    n.交响乐，交响曲    [sym-pho-ny]
 - synergic    a.协同作用的    [synergic]

***** defiance 715

 - bluster    v.(指风)猛刮    [blus-ter]
 + defiance    n.挑战，违抗，反抗    [de-fi-ance]
 + defy    v.违抗，藐视    [de-fy]
 + threat    n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆    [threat]

***** attack 716

 + aggression    n.侵略；敌对的情绪或行为    [ag-gres-sion]
 + aggressive    a.好斗的；进取的    [ag-gres-sive]
 + aggressor    n.侵略者，攻击者    [ag-gres-sor]
 + assail    v.抨击；猛攻    [as-sail]
 + assault    n.突然袭击；猛袭    [as-sault]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 + barrage    n.弹幕    [bar-rage]
 + beleaguer    v.围攻；骚扰    [be-lea-guer]
 + besiege    v.围攻，困扰    [be-siege]
 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 - butt    v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂    [butt]
 - fusillade    n./v. (枪炮)齐射，连发    [fu-sil-lade]
 + harry    v.掠夺，袭扰，折磨    [har-ry]
 - hawk    n.隼，鹰    [hawk]
 - hurl    v.猛投；大声叫骂    [hurl]
 - impugn    v.指责，对…表示怀疑    [im-pugn]
 - inroad    n.突袭；消耗    [in-road]
 - invade    v.侵犯，侵入    [in-vade]
 - malign    v.诽谤，中伤；a.邪恶的    [ma-lign]
 + obsession    n.入迷；固执的念头    [ob-ses-sion]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 - onset    n.(坏情况)开始发作    [on-set]
 - poke    v.刺，戳；嘲弄    [poke]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 + raid    n.突然袭击    [raid]
 - sap    n.树液；活力；v.消弱，耗尽    [sap]
 - shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 + siege    n.包围，围攻    [siege]
 - thrust    v.猛力推；刺，戳    [thrust]
 - tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]
 - volley    n.齐发，群射；v.齐发，群射；(足球、网球)截击    [vol-ley]

***** defense 717

 + aegis    n.盾；保护，庇护    [ae-gis]
 - apron    n.围裙    [a-pron]
 - asylum    n.避难所，庇护所    [a-sy-lum]
 - barrage    n.弹幕    [bar-rage]
 - barricade    v.设栅阻挡；n.栅栏    [bar-ri-cade]
 - barrier    n.路障；障碍    [bar-ri-er]
 + bodyguard    n.保镖，侍卫    [bod-y-guard]
 - boom    n.繁荣昌盛时期；v.发出深沉有回响的声音    [boom]
 - buttress    n.拱墙，拱壁；v.支持    [but-tress]
 - camouflage    n./v.掩饰，伪装    [cam-ou-flage]
 + carapace    n.(蟹或龟等的)甲壳    [car-a-pace]
 - champion    n.冠军；斗士；拥护者；v.拥护    [cham-pi-on]
 + defense    n.防御，防护    [de-fense]
 - enclosure    n.圈地，围占    [en-clo-sure]
 - fastness    n.要塞，城堡    [fast-ness]
 + fender    n.挡泥板；护舷的垫子等    [fend-er]
 - fosse    n.护城河    [fosse]
 - helmet    n.头盔，钢盔    [hel-met]
 - hinder    v.阻碍，妨碍    [hin-der]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - incorrigibility    n.无可救药    [in-cor-ri-gi-bil-i-ty]
 - interlock    v.连锁，连串    [in-ter-lock]
 - ironclad    a.装铁甲的；坚固的    [i-ron-clad]
 - loophole    n.枪眼，小窗，换气孔    [loop-hole]
 - mask    n.假面具；v.隐藏(感情)    [mask]
 - moat    n.壕沟；护城河    [moat]
 - munition    n.军火，弹药    [mu-ni-tion]
 + mural    a.墙壁的；n.壁画    [mu-ral]
 - parry    v.挡开，避开(武器，问题等)    [par-ry]
 + rampart    n.壁垒；城墙    [ram-part]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - safeguard    n.防范措施    [safe-guard]
 - shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]
 - shroud    n.寿衣；遮蔽物；v.覆盖    [shroud]
 + stockade    n.栅栏，围栏    [stock-ade]

***** retaliation 718

 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - reciprocate    v.回报，答谢    [re-cip-ro-cate]
 + reprisal    n.(政治或军事的)报复    [re-pris-al]
 - retaliate    v.报复，反击    [re-tal-i-ate]
 - retaliation    n.报复    [re-tal-i-a-tion]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 + retribution    n.报应，惩罚    [ret-ri-bu-tion]
 + revenge    n.报复，报仇    [re-venge]

***** resistance 719

 - confront    v.面临；对抗    [con-front]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + insurrection    n.造反，叛乱    [in-sur-rec-tion]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 - polarize    v.使…两极分化    [po-lar-ize]
 + rebellious    a.反抗的，难控制的    [re-bel-lious]
 - rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 - recalcitrant    a.顽抗的    [re-cal-ci-trant]
 - refractory    a.倔强的；反应迟钝的    [re-frac-to-ry]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - repulse    v.驱逐，击退；厌恶；n.驱逐，击退，厌恶    [re-pulse]
 - revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 - riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 - strive    v.奋斗，努力    [strive]
 - stubborn    a.固执的；难以改变的    [stub-born]
 - withstand    v.顶住；经受住    [with-stand]

***** contention 720

 - athletics    n.运动，体育    [ath-let-ics]
 + bellicose    a.好战的，好斗的    [bel-li-cose]
 + belligerence    n.交战；好战性，斗争性    [bel-lig-er-ence]
 - bout    n.一回合，一阵    [bout]
 - chauvinistic    a.沙文主义的，过分爱国主义的    [chau-vin-is-tic]
 - collision    n.碰撞，冲突    [col-li-sion]
 + combat    n./v.格斗，搏斗    [com-bat]
 + compete    v.竞争，对抗    [com-pete]
 - conflict    v./n.斗争，战斗；冲突，抵触    [con-flict]
 - contend    v.与对手竞争；据理力争    [con-tend]
 - contention    n.争论；论点    [con-ten-tion]
 - contentious    a.好辩的，善争吵的    [con-ten-tious]
 + contest    v.竞争；对…表示怀疑    [con-test]
 - debate    n.正式的辩论，讨论    [de-bate]
 + duel    n.决斗    [du-el]
 - emulate    v.努力赶上或超越    [em-u-late]
 - encounter    v.遭遇    [en-coun-ter]
 - fracas    n.喧嚷，吵闹    [fra-cas]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - jingoism    n.沙文主义；侵略主义    [jin-go-ism]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 - litigation    n.诉讼    [lit-i-ga-tion]
 - mill    n.磨坊；压榨机；制造厂    [mill]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 + pugilism    n.拳击，搏击    [pu-gi-lism]
 + pugnacious    a.好斗的    [pug-na-cious]
 - rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 - rivalry    n.竞争，对抗    [ri-val-ry]
 + skirmish    n.小战，小争吵    [skir-mish]
 + sparring    n.拳击，争斗    [spar-ring]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 - strife    n.纷争，冲突    [strife]
 - strive    v.奋斗，努力    [strive]
 - tilt    v.(使)倾斜；n.倾斜，斜坡    [tilt]
 + tournament    n.比赛；(旧时)骑士比武大会    [tour-na-ment]
 + tussle    v./n.扭打，搏斗；争辩    [tus-sle]
 - vie    v.竞争    [vie]
 - vying    a.竞争的    [vy-ing]

***** peace 721

 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 - amity    n.(人或国之间的)友好关系    [am-i-ty]
 - halcyon    a.平静的；愉快的    [hal-cy-on]
 - harmony    n.相符，一致；协调，匀称    [har-mo-ny]
 - pacifist    n.和平主义者，反战主义者    [pac-i-fist]
 - tranquility    n.宁静，安静    [tran-quil-i-ty]
 - truce    n.停战，休战(协定)    [truce]

***** warfare 722

 - bellicose    a.好战的，好斗的    [bel-li-cose]
 - belligerence    n.交战；好战性，斗争性    [bel-lig-er-ence]
 - campaign    n.战役；竞选活动    [cam-paign]
 - chauvinistic    a.沙文主义的，过分爱国主义的    [chau-vin-is-tic]
 + chivalrous    a.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的    [chiv-al-rous]
 - clarion    a.声音高而清晰的；n.尖音小号声；尖音小号    [clar-i-on]
 - combat    n./v.格斗，搏斗    [com-bat]
 - contend    v.与对手竞争；据理力争    [con-tend]
 - contentious    a.好辩的，善争吵的    [con-ten-tious]
 + crusade    n.维护理想、原则而进行的运动或斗争    [cru-sade]
 - enlist    v.(使)入伍从军，征募    [en-list]
 - internecine    a.内讧的，两败俱伤的    [in-ter-ne-cine]
 + logistics    n.后勤学；后勤    [lo-gis-tics]
 + martial    a.战争的，军事的    [mar-tial]
 - scrappy    a.碎片的；好斗的；坚毅的    [scrap-py]
 - trumpet    n.喇叭，小号    [trum-pet]

***** pacification 723

 - allay    v.减轻，缓和    [al-lay]
 - amnesty    n.大赦，特赦    [am-nes-ty]
 + armistice    n.休战，停战    [ar-mi-stice]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 - conciliate    v.安抚，驯服    [con-cil-i-ate]
 - conciliatory    a.抚慰的，调和的    [con-cil-i-a-to-ry]
 - defuse    v.从(爆破装置)中卸除引信；缓和紧张状态或危急局面    [de-fuse]
 - pacify    v.使安静，抚慰    [pac-i-fy]
 + placate    v.抚慰，平息(愤怒)    [pla-cate]
 + propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - reconcile    v.和解，调和    [rec-on-cile]
 - truce    n.停战，休战(协定)    [truce]

***** mediation 724

 - arbitrate    v.仲裁，公断    [ar-bi-trate]
 + bargain    n.交易; 物美价廉的东西；v.讨价还价    [bar-gain]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 + intercede    v.说好话，代为求情    [in-ter-cede]
 - intercessor    n.仲裁者    [in-ter-ces-sor]
 - interference    n.干涉，妨碍    [in-ter-fer-ence]
 - interpose    v.置于…之间；使介入    [in-ter-pose]
 - intervene    v.干涉，介入    [in-ter-vene]
 - mediate    v.调停    [me-di-ate]
 + negotiate    v.商议，谈判，交涉    [ne-go-ti-ate]
 - umpire    n.裁判；v.对…进行仲裁    [um-pire]

***** submission 725

 - bend    v.弯曲；屈服    [bend]
 + capitulate    v.(有条件地)投降    [ca-pit-u-late]
 + cede    v.割让(土地权利)，放弃    [cede]
 - cession    n.割让，转让    [ces-sion]
 + craven    a.懦弱的，畏缩的    [cra-ven]
 + cringe    v.畏缩；谄媚    [cringe]
 - defer    v.推延；听从    [de-fer]
 + homage    n.效忠，崇敬    [hom-age]
 + humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 - obeisance    n.鞠躬，敬礼    [o-bei-sance]
 - pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 + resigned    a.逆来顺受的，顺从的    [re-signed]
 - retreat    n./v.撤退；隐居处    [re-treat]
 + submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]
 - succumb    v.屈从；因…死亡    [suc-cumb]
 + surrender    v.投降；放弃；归还    [sur-ren-der]
 - yielding    a.弯曲自如的；柔顺的    [yield-ing]

***** combatant 726

 + armada    n.舰队    [ar-ma-da]
 - auxiliary    a.辅助的，协助的    [aux-il-ia-ry]
 + battalion    n.军营，军队    [bat-tal-i-on]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - cadet    n.军校或警官学校的学生    [ca-det]
 + cavalry    n.骑兵部队，装甲部队    [cav-al-ry]
 - champion    n.冠军；斗士；拥护者；v.拥护    [cham-pi-on]
 - companion    n.同伴，同伙；受雇的陪伴人    [com-pan-ion]
 + conscript    v.强行征兵，征召    [con-script]
 - ensign    n.舰旗(船上表示所属国家的旗帜)    [en-sign]
 - file    n.锉刀；v.锉平    [file]
 + gladiator    n.角斗士，与野兽搏斗者    [glad-i-a-tor]
 + infantry    n.步兵    [in-fan-try]
 - ironclad    a.装铁甲的；坚固的    [i-ron-clad]
 - legion    n.兵团；一大群    [le-gion]
 - levy    v./n.征税；征兵    [lev-y]
 - litigant    n.诉讼当事人    [lit-i-gant]
 - marine    a.海的；海中的    [ma-rine]
 + mercenary    a.惟利是图的；n.雇佣兵    [mer-ce-nar-y]
 + militia    n.民兵    [mi-li-tia]
 - partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]
 - polemic    n.争论，论战    [po-lem-ic]
 + pugilist    n.拳击手，拳师    [pu-gil-ist]
 - recruit    n.新兵；新成员；v.征募    [re-cruit]
 - rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - veteran    n.老兵，老手；a.经验丰富的    [vet-er-an]

***** arms 727

 - armory    n.军械库    [ar-mor-y]
 - blade    n.刀锋，刀口    [blade]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 + cane    n.拐杖    [cane]
 + dagger    n.短剑，匕首    [dag-ger]
 - dart    n.飞镖；v.急驰；投射    [dart]
 - explosive    n.炸药；a.爆炸性的；使人冲动的    [ex-plo-sive]
 + firearm    n.(便携式)枪支    [fire-arm]
 - foil    n.钝剑；箔，锡箔纸    [foil]
 + grenade    n.手榴弹    [gre-nade]
 - lance    n.长矛；鱼叉    [lance]
 - missile    n.发射物；导弹    [mis-sile]
 - mortar    n.小臼，乳钵；迫击炮    [mor-tar]
 + musket    n.旧式步枪    [mus-ket]
 + ordnance    n.大炮；军械    [ord-nance]
 - partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]
 + pistol    n.手枪    [pis-tol]
 - projectile    n.抛射物，发射体    [pro-jec-tile]
 - reed    n.芦苇；簧片    [reed]
 + rifle    n.步枪；v.抢劫    [ri-fle]
 - shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 - spear    n.矛；嫩叶；v.刺戳    [spear]
 - sprig    n.嫩枝，小枝    [sprig]

***** arena 728

 - arena    n.(角斗的)竞技场    [a-re-na]
 - canvas    n.画布；帆布    [can-vas]
 - purlieu    n.(常作复数)邻近地区    [pur-lieu]
 - terrain    n.地势，地形    [ter-rain]

** Section V. Results of Voluntary Action

***** completion 729

 - accomplish    v.完成，做成功    [ac-com-plish]
 - catastrophe    n.突如其来的大灾难    [ca-tas-tro-phe]
 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 - compass    n.指南针，罗盘；界限，范围    [com-pass]
 - conclusive    a.最后的，结论的；确凿的，消除怀疑的    [con-clu-sive]
 - consummate    a.完全的，完善的；v.完成    [con-sum-mate]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - culmination    n.顶点；结果    [cul-mi-na-tion]
 - denouement    n.(小说的)结尾，结局    [de-noue-ment]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - elaborate    a.精致的，复杂的；v.详尽地说明，阐明    [e-lab-o-rate]
 - elaboration    n.详细的细节，详尽阐述    [e-lab-o-ra-tion]
 - enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 - exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 - exhaustive    a.彻底的，无遗漏的    [ex-haus-tive]
 - finale    n.最后，最终；乐曲的最后部分    [fi-na-le]
 + fulfil    v.履行；满足，符合    [ful-fil]
 - hammer    n.锤子，槌    [ham-mer]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - ripen    v.使成熟    [rip-en]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 - terminus    n.(火车，汽车)终点站    [ter-mi-nus]
 + wrought    a.做成的，精炼的    [wrought]

***** noncompletion 730

 - anvil    n.铁砧    [an-vil]
 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - sketchy    a.概略的，粗略的    [sketch-y]

***** success 731

 - accomplish    v.完成，做成功    [ac-com-plish]
 + ascendancy    n.统治权，支配力量    [as-cend-an-cy]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - circumvent    v.回避；用计谋战胜或规避    [cir-cum-vent]
 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 + conquer    v.以武力征服    [con-quer]
 + conquest    n.征服；战利品    [con-quest]
 - contrive    v.计划，设计    [con-trive]
 - discomfit    v.使懊恼；使难堪    [dis-com-fit]
 - elude    v.逃避；搞不清    [e-lude]
 - felicitous    a.(话语等)适当的，得体的    [fe-lic-i-tous]
 - nonplus    v.使窘困迷惑；n.迷惑，窘境    [non-plus]
 + outmaneuver    v.以策略制胜    [out-ma-neu-ver]
 + outwit    v.以机智胜过    [out-wit]
 - overreach    v.做事过头    [o-ver-reach]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - overthrow    v./n.推翻；终止    [o-ver-throw]
 - prevail    v.战胜；盛行    [pre-vail]
 + prosperous    a.繁荣富强的    [pros-per-ous]
 - quell    v.制止，镇压    [quell]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + stalemate    n.和棋局面，僵局    [stale-mate]
 - stonewall    v.拖延议事，设置障碍    [stone-wall]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 - subdue    v.征服；压制；减轻    [sub-due]
 + subjugate    v.征服，镇压    [sub-ju-gate]
 - surpass    v.超过    [sur-pass]
 - swamp    n.沼泽；v.使陷入；淹没    [swamp]
 + triumph    v./n.凯旋，胜利，欢欣    [tri-umph]
 + vanquish    v.征服    [van-quish]
 - victimize    v.使受害，迫害    [vic-tim-ize]

***** failure 732

 + bankrupt    a.破产的    [bank-rupt]
 - blunder    v.犯大错；笨拙地做；n.愚蠢之举    [blun-der]
 - bootless    a.无益处的；无用的    [boot-less]
 - collapse    v.坍塌，塌陷;虚脱，晕倒    [col-lapse]
 - discomfited    a.困惑的，尴尬的    [discomfited]
 + discomfiture    n.狼狈，难堪    [dis-com-fi-ture]
 - falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 + fiasco    n.大失败，惨败    [fi-as-co]
 - flounder    v.挣扎；艰苦地移动；n.比目鱼    [floun-der]
 - founder    v.(船)沉没；(计划)失败    [found-er]
 - grounded    a.有理由的；adv.地面上    [grounded]
 - inconsequential    a.不重要的，微不足道的    [in-con-se-quen-tial]
 - ineffectual    a.无效的，徒劳无益的    [in-ef-fec-tu-al]
 - insufficient    a.不足的    [in-suf-fi-cient]
 - limp    v.跛行；a.软弱的，松软的    [limp]
 - lurch    n.突然向前或旁边倒；v.蹒跚而行    [lurch]
 - nugatory    a.无价值的，琐碎的    [nu-ga-to-ry]
 - overthrow    v./n.推翻；终止    [o-ver-throw]
 - rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 - repulse    v.驱逐，击退；厌恶；n.驱逐，击退，厌恶    [re-pulse]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]
 - stalemate    n.和棋局面，僵局    [stale-mate]
 - stranded    a.搁浅的，进退两难的    [stranded]
 - succumb    v.屈从；因…死亡    [suc-cumb]
 - typo    n.排印错误    [ty-po]

***** trophy 733

 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - insignia    n.徽章，袖章    [in-sig-ni-a]
 - medal    n.奖牌，勋章    [med-al]
 - triumph    v./n.凯旋，胜利，欢欣    [tri-umph]
 - trophy    n.奖品，战利品    [tro-phy]

***** prosperity 734

 - affluence    n.充裕，富足    [af-flu-ence]
 - agreeable    a.令人喜悦的；欣然同意的    [a-gree-a-ble]
 - auspicious    a.幸运的；吉兆的    [aus-pi-cious]
 - buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 - fatten    v.使长肥；使土壤肥沃；装满    [fat-ten]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - halcyon    a.平静的；愉快的    [hal-cy-on]
 - mushroom    n.蘑菇；v.雨后春笋般迅速发展    [mush-room]
 + palmy    a.繁荣的；棕榈的    [palm-y]
 - propitious    a.吉利的；顺利的    [pro-pi-tious]
 + prosperity    n.繁荣；幸运；健康    [pros-per-i-ty]
 - prosperous    a.繁荣富强的    [pros-per-ous]
 - providential    a.幸运的；恰到好处的    [prov-i-den-tial]
 + thrive    v.茁壮成长    [thrive]
 - utopia    n.理想国，理想的完美境界    [utopia]

***** adversity 735

 - adverse    a.不利的，相反的；敌对    [ad-verse]
 + affliction    n.悲痛，受难的起因    [af-flic-tion]
 + backset    n.倒退    [back-set]
 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 - blight    n.植物枯萎病；v.使…枯萎    [blight]
 - calamity    n.大灾祸，不幸之事    [ca-lam-i-ty]
 - casualty    n.伤亡事故；伤亡者    [cas-u-al-ty]
 - catastrophe    n.突如其来的大灾难    [ca-tas-tro-phe]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 - dire    a.可怕的    [dire]
 - disaster    n.灾难，大不幸    [dis-as-ter]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 - untoward    a.不幸的，(坏事)没料到的    [un-to-ward]
 - wane    v.减少，衰微    [wane]

***** mediocrity 736

 - jog    v.慢而平静地前进    [jog]
 - mediocrity    n.平庸，碌碌无为    [me-di-oc-ri-ty]

* Division II. Intersocial Volition

** Section I. General Intersocial Volition

***** authority 737

 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 - commission    n.委托；佣金    [com-mis-sion]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - deputy    n.代表；副警长    [dep-u-ty]
 + despotism    n.专制，暴政    [des-pot-ism]
 - dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 - dominant    a.显性的，优势的    [dom-i-nant]
 - dominate    v.控制，支配    [dom-i-nate]
 - gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 + hegemony    n.霸权，领导权    [he-gem-o-ny]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + jurisdiction    n.司法权，审判权，裁判权    [ju-ris-dic-tion]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - overriding    a.最主要的，优先的    [o-ver-rid-ing]
 + overrule    v.(高位的人)否决(低位的人或事)    [o-ver-rule]
 - paramount    a.最重要的，最高权力的    [par-a-mount]
 - patronage    n.赞助，惠顾    [pat-ron-age]
 - predominant    a.有势力的    [pre-dom-i-nant]
 - preponderate    v.(重量上，重要性上)压倒，超过    [pre-pon-der-ate]
 + prerogative    n.特权    [pre-rog-a-tive]
 - prestige    n.威信，威望，声望    [pres-tige]
 - stringent    a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的    [strin-gent]
 - supreme    a.至高的；极度的    [su-preme]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]

***** government 737.a

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 + aristocracy    n.贵族；贵族政府，贵族统治    [ar-is-toc-ra-cy]
 + authoritarian    n.独裁主义者；极权主义者    [au-thor-i-tar-i-an]
 + autocracy    n.独裁政府    [au-toc-ra-cy]
 + autonomy    n.自治，独立    [au-ton-o-my]
 + bureaucracy    n.官僚政治    [bu-reau-cra-cy]
 - cabinet    n.橱柜；内阁    [cab-i-net]
 + calcium    n.钙    [cal-ci-um]
 - commonwealth    n.共和国，联邦    [com-mon-wealth]
 - commune    n.公社；v.与某人亲密地交谈    [com-mune]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 - defense    n.防御，防护    [de-fense]
 - domain    n.领土；领域    [do-main]
 - domination    n.控制，支配，管辖    [dom-i-na-tion]
 + gerontocracy    n.老人统治的政府    [ger-on-toc-ra-cy]
 - hegemony    n.霸权，领导权    [he-gem-o-ny]
 + hierarchy    n.阶层；等级制度    [hi-er-ar-chy]
 - imperative    a.急需的    [im-per-a-tive]
 - imperial    a.帝王的，至尊的    [im-pe-ri-al]
 + imperious    a.傲慢的，专横的    [im-pe-ri-ous]
 - lathe    n.车床    [lathe]
 - legislature    n.立法机关，立法团体    [leg-is-la-ture]
 - mandatory    a.命令的，强迫的    [man-da-to-ry]
 + monarchy    n.君主制    [mon-ar-chy]
 + oligarchy    n.寡头政治    [ol-i-gar-chy]
 - peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 - realm    n.王国；领域，范围    [realm]
 - regime    n.政权，政治制度    [re-gime]
 - reign    n.统治时期；王朝；领域    [reign]
 + royalty    n.版税    [roy-al-ty]
 - sovereign    n.最高统治者，元首    [sov-er-eign]
 + sovereignty    n.主权，统治权    [sov-er-eign-ty]
 - supremacy    n.至高无上，霸权    [su-prem-a-cy]
 - sway    v.摇动，摇摆；影响使改变；n.摇动    [sway]
 + theocracy    n.神权政治    [the-oc-ra-cy]
 - totalitarian    a.极权主义的    [to-tal-i-tar-i-an]
 - tract    n.传单；大片土地    [tract]

***** politics 737.b

 + aspirant    n.有抱负者    [as-pir-ant]
 + ballot    n./v.投票    [bal-lot]
 - campaign    n.战役；竞选活动    [cam-paign]
 + candidacy    n.候选人的资格    [can-di-da-cy]
 + candidate    n.候选人；参加考试的人    [can-di-date]
 - ideology    n.思想体系，思想意识，意识形态    [i-de-ol-o-gy]
 - incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 - initiative    n.主动；首创精神    [in-i-ti-a-tive]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]
 - poll    n.民意测验；选举投票    [poll]
 - recall    v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回    [re-call]
 - slate    n.石板；候选人名单；v.提名    [slate]
 + suffrage    n.选举权，投票权    [suf-frage]
 - testator    n.立遗嘱的人    [tes-ta-tor]
 - theocracy    n.神权政治    [the-oc-ra-cy]
 - underdog    n.受欺负者，弱者    [un-der-dog]

***** laxity 738

 + abdicate    v.退位，辞职，放弃    [ab-di-cate]
 - anarchy    n.无政府;政治上的混乱    [an-ar-chy]
 - depose    v.免职；作证    [de-pose]
 - deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 - interregnum    n.无王时期    [in-ter-reg-num]
 + license    n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照    [li-cense]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 - remiss    a.疏忽的，不留心的    [re-miss]
 - slack    a.懒散的，懈怠的；(绳)松弛的；v.松懈，怠惰    [slack]

***** severity 739

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 + arrogance    n.傲慢，自大    [ar-ro-gance]
 + arrogant    a.傲慢的，自大的    [ar-ro-gant]
 + arrogate    v.冒称具有…权利    [ar-ro-gate]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 + austere    a.朴素的    [aus-tere]
 - austerity    n.朴素，艰苦    [aus-ter-i-ty]
 - authoritarian    n.独裁主义者；极权主义者    [au-thor-i-tar-i-an]
 - autocracy    n.独裁政府    [au-toc-ra-cy]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 + coerce    v.强迫；压制    [co-erce]
 - coercion    n.强制，高压统治    [co-er-cion]
 + despot    n.暴君    [des-pot]
 - despotism    n.专制，暴政    [des-pot-ism]
 + dour    a.严厉的，脸色阴沉的    [dour]
 - draconian    a.严厉的，严酷的    [draconian]
 + exacting    a.苛求的；要求严格的    [ex-act-ing]
 - exigent    a.需要立即采取行动的    [ex-i-gent]
 - gerontocracy    n.老人统治的政府    [ger-on-toc-ra-cy]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - harshly    adv.严酷地，无情地    [harsh-ly]
 + haughty    a.傲慢的，自大的    [haugh-ty]
 - imperative    a.急需的    [im-per-a-tive]
 - inclement    a.(天气)严酷的；严厉的    [in-clem-ent]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 - inflict    v.遭受    [in-flict]
 - intransigent    a.不妥协的    [in-tran-si-gent]
 - obdurate    a.固执的，顽固的    [ob-du-rate]
 - oppress    v.压迫，压制    [op-press]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 + predator    n.食肉动物    [pred-a-tor]
 - relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 - rigid    a.硬性的，刚硬的    [rig-id]
 - rigor    n.严酷；严格，苛刻；严密，精确    [ri-gor]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - stern    n.船尾    [stern]
 - stickler    n.坚持细节之人    [stick-ler]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - stringent    a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的    [strin-gent]
 + tyranny    n.暴政，专制统治；暴行    [tyr-an-ny]
 + tyrant    n.暴君    [ty-rant]
 + usurp    v.篡夺，霸占    [u-surp]
 + vulture    n.秃鹫    [vul-ture]

***** lenity 740

 + clemency    n.温和；仁慈，宽厚    [clem-en-cy]
 + clement    a.仁慈的；温和的    [clem-ent]
 + compassion    n.同情，怜悯    [com-pas-sion]
 - forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 - gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 + indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 + leniency    n.温和，宽容    [le-ni-en-cy]
 - lenient    a.宽大的；仁慈的    [le-ni-ent]
 - spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]
 - tolerance    n.容许量，公差；容忍，忍受    [tol-er-ance]

***** command 741

 + appoint    v.任命，指定；约会    [ap-point]
 + bid    v.命令；出价，投标    [bid]
 - caveat    n.警告，告诫    [ca-ve-at]
 - cite    v.引用，引述    [cite]
 - claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 - dispatch    v.派遣；一下子做完；吃完；n.迅速    [dis-patch]
 - enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 - enjoin    v.命令，吩咐    [en-join]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 + fiat    n.命令    [fi-at]
 + impose    v.征税；强加    [im-pose]
 - injunction    n.命令，强制令    [in-junc-tion]
 - mandate    n.命令，指令    [man-date]
 + ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]
 + ordinance    n.法令，条例    [or-di-nance]
 - precept    n.箴言，格言    [pre-cept]
 - prescribe    v.开处方；规定    [pre-scribe]
 - prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - reclaim    v.纠正；开垦(土地)    [re-claim]
 - request    n.要求，请求；v.要求，请求    [re-quest]
 + subpoena    n.(法律)传票；v.传讯    [sub-poe-na]
 + summon    v.召见；召集    [sum-mon]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 + writ    n.命令状，书面命令    [writ]

***** disobedience 742

 + anarchist    n.无政府主义者    [an-ar-chist]
 - contumacious    a.违抗的，不服从的    [con-tu-ma-cious]
 - defiance    n.挑战，违抗，反抗    [de-fi-ance]
 - demagogue    n.蛊惑民心的政客    [dem-a-gogue]
 - extremist    n.极端主义者    [ex-trem-ist]
 - incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 + infraction    n.违法    [in-frac-tion]
 - infringe    v.违反，侵害    [in-fringe]
 + insubordinate    a.不服从的，反抗的    [in-sub-or-di-nate]
 + insurgent    a.叛乱的，起事的；n.叛乱分子    [in-sur-gent]
 - insurrection    n.造反，叛乱    [in-sur-rec-tion]
 + mutineer    n.反叛者，背叛者    [mu-ti-neer]
 + quisling    n.卖国贼，内奸    [quis-ling]
 - rebellious    a.反抗的，难控制的    [re-bel-lious]
 - recalcitrant    a.顽抗的    [re-cal-ci-trant]
 - refractory    a.倔强的；反应迟钝的    [re-frac-to-ry]
 - renegade    n.叛教者，叛徒    [ren-e-gade]
 - restive    a.不安静的，不安宁的    [res-tive]
 - revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 - riot    v.参加暴动    [ri-ot]
 - riotous    a.暴乱的；蛮横的    [ri-ot-ous]
 - secede    v.正式脱离或退出(组织)    [se-cede]
 - shirk    v.逃避，规避    [shirk]
 + traitor    n.卖国贼，叛徒    [trai-tor]
 + treason    n.叛国罪    [trea-son]
 - tumult    n.乱哄哄    [tu-mult]
 + violate    v.违反，触犯    [vi-o-late]

***** obedience 743

 + allegiance    n.忠诚，拥护    [al-le-giance]
 - compliance    n.顺从，遵从    [com-pli-ance]
 + compliant    a.服从的，顺从的    [com-pli-ant]
 - comply    v.遵循，顺从    [com-ply]
 + deference    n.敬意，尊重    [def-er-ence]
 - devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 - homage    n.效忠，崇敬    [hom-age]
 + loyal    a.忠诚的，忠贞的，忠心的    [loy-al]
 + obedient    a.服从的，顺从的    [o-be-di-ent]
 - other-directed    a.受人支配的    [oth-er-di-rect-ed]
 - passive    a.被动的，缺乏活力的    [pas-sive]
 - pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - resigned    a.逆来顺受的，顺从的    [re-signed]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]

***** compulsion 744

 - coerce    v.强迫；压制    [co-erce]
 - coercion    n.强制，高压统治    [co-er-cion]
 - compel    v.强迫    [com-pel]
 + compelling    a.引起兴趣的    [com-pel-ling]
 - compulsion    n.强迫；难以抗拒的冲动    [com-pul-sion]
 + constrain    v.束缚，强迫；限制    [con-strain]
 + constraint    n.强制，强迫；对感情的压抑    [con-straint]
 + duress    n.胁迫    [du-ress]
 - extort    v.强索，敲诈    [ex-tort]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 + obligatory    a.强制性的，义务的    [ob-lig-a-to-ry]
 - oblige    v.束缚；恩惠于…    [o-blige]
 - peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - restrain    v.克制，抑制    [re-strain]
 - restraint    n.克制    [re-straint]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 - stringent    a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的    [strin-gent]

***** master 745

 + autocrat    n.独裁者    [au-to-crat]
 - cadet    n.军校或警官学校的学生    [ca-det]
 + centurion    n.古罗马的百人队长    [cen-tu-ri-on]
 + chancellor    n.大臣，总理，首席法官，大学校长    [chan-cel-lor]
 + chef    n.厨师    [chef]
 - despot    n.暴君    [des-pot]
 - ensign    n.舰旗(船上表示所属国家的旗帜)    [en-sign]
 - marshal    v.整理，安排，设置    [mar-shal]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + mogul    n.显要人物，权势之人    [mo-gul]
 + monarch    n.君主，帝王    [mon-arch]
 + potentate    n.统治者，当权者    [po-ten-tate]
 - sovereign    n.最高统治者，元首    [sov-er-eign]
 - tyrant    n.暴君    [ty-rant]

***** servant 746

 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + groom    n.马夫；新郎    [groom]
 - jockey    n.骑师；v.用计谋获取    [jock-ey]
 - mercenary    a.惟利是图的；n.雇佣兵    [mer-ce-nar-y]
 + parasite    n.食客；寄生物    [par-a-site]
 + retainer    n.侍从    [re-tain-er]
 - retinue    n.侍从，随员团    [ret-i-nue]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - subsidiary    a.辅助的；次要的    [sub-sid-i-ar-y]
 - tend    v.照料，看顾    [tend]
 + underling    n.下属，手下    [un-der-ling]

***** scepter 747

 - baton    n.指挥棒(指挥家用)；警棍    [ba-ton]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - flag    v.减弱，衰退；枯萎    [flag]
 - instate    v.任命，安置    [in-state]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - portfolio    n.文件夹；股份单    [port-fo-li-o]
 + talisman    n.避邪物，护身符    [tal-is-man]
 - throne    n.宝座；王位    [throne]
 - tuxedo    n.礼服，无尾礼服    [tux-e-do]

***** freedom 748

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 + autonomous    a.自治的    [au-ton-o-mous]
 - autonomy    n.自治，独立    [au-ton-o-my]
 - denizen    n.居民；外籍居民    [den-i-zen]
 - discretionary    a.自由决定的    [dis-cre-tion-ar-y]
 + exempt    a.被免除的；v.使免除    [ex-empt]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 + immunity    n.免疫；豁免    [im-mu-ni-ty]
 - irrepressible    a.无法约束或阻止的    [ir-re-press-i-ble]
 - latitude    n.言行自由；纬度    [lat-i-tude]
 + liberty    n.随意，冒失    [lib-er-ty]
 - license    n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照    [li-cense]
 - malfunction    v.发生故障；n.故障，障碍    [mal-func-tion]
 - margin    n.页边空白，边缘；差额；余地；利润    [mar-gin]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 - scope    n.眼界；范围    [scope]
 - spontaneous    a.自发的；自然的    [spon-ta-ne-ous]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 + uncommitted    a.不受约束的，不承担责任的    [un-com-mit-ted]
 - unmitigated    a.未缓和的，未减轻的，全然的    [un-mit-i-gat-ed]

***** subjection 749

 + bondage    n.奴役，束缚    [bond-age]
 - conquest    n.征服；战利品    [con-quest]
 + constrained    a.束缚的，节制的    [con-strained]
 - constraint    n.强制，强迫；对感情的压抑    [con-straint]
 - liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 + servitude    n.奴役，劳役    [ser-vi-tude]
 - sport    v.炫耀，卖弄    [sport]
 - subject    n.受支配的人，隶属    [sub-ject]
 - subjugate    v.征服，镇压    [sub-ju-gate]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - yoke    n.牛轭；v.控制，束缚    [yoke]

***** liberation 750

 + absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 + acquittal    n.宣告无罪，开释    [ac-quit-tal]
 - debrief    v.向…询问情况，听取汇报    [de-brief]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - disengage    v.脱离，解开    [dis-en-gage]
 - disentangle    v.解决，解脱，解开，澄清    [dis-en-tan-gle]
 - emancipate    v.解放，解除    [e-man-ci-pate]
 - escapism    n.逃避现实(的习气)    [es-cap-ism]
 - extricate    v.拯救，救出    [ex-tri-cate]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 + liberate    v.释放，解放    [lib-er-ate]
 - loosen    v.变松，松开    [loos-en]
 + manumit    v.解放(奴隶)    [man-u-mit]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - uncommitted    a.不受约束的，不承担责任的    [un-com-mit-ted]
 - unfasten    v.解开    [un-fas-ten]
 + unleash    v.发泄，释放    [un-leash]

***** restraint 751

 - arrest    v.依法逮捕；阻止，抑制    [ar-rest]
 - blockade    v./n.封锁    [block-ade]
 - bridle    n.马笼头；v.抑制，控制    [bri-dle]
 - captivate    v.迷惑，吸引    [cap-ti-vate]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - cloister    n.修道院    [clois-ter]
 - coerce    v.强迫；压制    [co-erce]
 - coercion    n.强制，高压统治    [co-er-cion]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - confine    v.限制，禁闭    [con-fine]
 - constrain    v.束缚，强迫；限制    [con-strain]
 - constrained    a.束缚的，节制的    [con-strained]
 - constraint    n.强制，强迫；对感情的压抑    [con-straint]
 - control    n.实验对照组    [con-trol]
 - coop    n.(鸡)笼，栏    [co-op]
 - curb    n.路缘，(街道的)镶边石；马勒；v.控制    [curb]
 - custody    n.监管，保管    [cus-to-dy]
 - discipline    v.训练，训导；n.纪律；惩罚，处分    [dis-ci-pline]
 - duress    n.胁迫    [du-ress]
 - fasten    v.使…固定(to fix sth. firmly)    [fas-ten]
 - fetter    n./v.(带)脚镣；束缚    [fet-ter]
 - hidebound    a.顽固的，心胸狭窄的    [hide-bound]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + immure    v.监禁    [im-mure]
 + incarcerate    v.下狱，监禁    [in-car-cer-ate]
 - inhibit    v.抑制    [in-hib-it]
 + monopoly    n.专利权，垄断    [mo-nop-o-ly]
 - pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 - restrain    v.克制，抑制    [re-strain]
 - restraint    n.克制    [re-straint]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 - shackle    n.脚镣，枷锁    [shack-le]
 - smother    v.覆盖；(使)闷死    [smoth-er]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - subjugate    v.征服，镇压    [sub-ju-gate]
 - tether    v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围    [teth-er]
 - withhold    v.扣留，保留    [with-hold]

***** prison 752

 - band    n.带子；收音机波段    [band]
 - bandage    n.绷带；v.用绷带包扎    [band-age]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - barricade    v.设栅阻挡；n.栅栏    [bar-ri-cade]
 - barrier    n.路障；障碍    [bar-ri-er]
 - bit    n.钻头    [bit]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - brake    n.刹车；v.减速，阻止    [brake]
 - bridle    n.马笼头；v.抑制，控制    [bri-dle]
 - collar    n.衣领；戴在动物颈部的项圈    [col-lar]
 - coop    n.(鸡)笼，栏    [co-op]
 - cord    n.考得(木材堆的体积单位，等于128立方英尺，3.6246立方米)；绳索    [cord]
 - curb    n.路缘，(街道的)镶边石；马勒；v.控制    [curb]
 - den    n.兽穴，窝    [den]
 - fetter    n./v.(带)脚镣；束缚    [fet-ter]
 - fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 - guy    n.(铁塔等的)支索，牵索    [guy]
 - harness    n.马具；v.束以马具；利用    [har-ness]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - pen    n.围栏；监禁；母天鹅    [pen]
 - rail    n.栏杆；铁轨；v.咒骂，猛烈指责    [rail]
 - rein    n.缰绳；v.控制    [rein]
 - shackle    n.脚镣，枷锁    [shack-le]
 - tether    v.用绳或链拴住(牲畜)；n.(拴牲畜的)绳或链；限度，范围    [teth-er]
 - yoke    n.牛轭；v.控制，束缚    [yoke]

***** keeper 753

 - bodyguard    n.保镖，侍卫    [bod-y-guard]
 - custodian    n.管理员，监护人    [cus-to-di-an]
 + lumberjack    n.伐木工    [lum-ber-jack]
 - ranger    n.森林管理员；巡逻骑警    [rang-er]
 - sentinel    n.哨兵，卫兵    [sen-ti-nel]

***** prisoner 754



***** commission 755

 - appoint    v.任命，指定；约会    [ap-point]
 + charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - commission    n.委托；佣金    [com-mis-sion]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - consign    v.托运；托人看管    [con-sign]
 + coronation    n.加冕    [cor-o-na-tion]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - delegate    n.代表；v.委派…为代表，授权    [del-e-gate]
 - deputy    n.代表；副警长    [dep-u-ty]
 - designation    n.指定；名称，称呼    [des-ig-na-tion]
 - empower    v.授权给某人采取行动    [em-pow-er]
 - enlist    v.(使)入伍从军，征募    [en-list]
 + entrust    v.委托；托付    [en-trust]
 - errand    n.差使；差事    [er-rand]
 - inaugurate    v.举行就职典礼；开创    [in-au-gu-rate]
 + induct    v.使就职；使入伍    [in-duct]
 - install    v.安装，装置；使就职    [in-stall]
 - instate    v.任命，安置    [in-state]
 + nominate    v.提名；任命，指定    [nom-i-nate]
 - ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]

***** abrogation 756

 + abolish    v.废止，废除(法律、制度、习俗等)    [a-bol-ish]
 - abolition    n.废除，革除    [ab-o-li-tion]
 - abrogate    v.废止，废除    [ab-ro-gate]
 + annul    v.宣告无效；取消    [an-nul]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 + countermand    v.撤回(命令)，取消(订货)    [coun-ter-mand]
 - demote    v.降级，降职    [de-mote]
 - depose    v.免职；作证    [de-pose]
 - deposition    n.免职；沉积；作证    [dep-o-si-tion]
 + disbar    v.取消律师资格    [dis-bar]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - disclaim    v.放弃权利；拒绝承认    [dis-claim]
 - dissolve    v.使固体溶解    [dis-solve]
 - divest    v.卸下盛装；剥夺    [di-vest]
 - negate    v.取消；否认    [ne-gate]
 - nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 - oust    v.驱逐；把…赶走    [oust]
 - override    v.不理会；蹂躏，践踏    [o-ver-ride]
 - overrule    v.(高位的人)否决(低位的人或事)    [o-ver-rule]
 - quash    v.镇压；取消    [quash]
 - recall    v.回想，回忆起；收回；n.唤回    [re-call]
 - recant    v.改变，放弃(以前的信仰)    [re-cant]
 - recantation    n.改变宗教信仰    [recantation]
 - renege    v.背信，违约    [re-nege]
 + repeal    v.废除(法律)    [re-peal]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - rescind    v.废除，取消    [re-scind]
 - rescission    n.废除    [re-scis-sion]
 - retract    v.缩回，收回    [re-tract]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]

***** resignation 757

 - abdicate    v.退位，辞职，放弃    [ab-di-cate]
 - abjure    v.发誓放弃    [ab-jure]
 - abrogate    v.废止，废除    [ab-ro-gate]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 - disclaim    v.放弃权利；拒绝承认    [dis-claim]
 - renounce    v.(正式)放弃    [re-nounce]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - retract    v.缩回，收回    [re-tract]

***** consignee 758

 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 + attorney    n.律师    [at-tor-ney]
 + broker    n.经纪人    [bro-ker]
 + consul    n.领事    [con-sul]
 + curator    n.(博物馆等)馆长    [cu-ra-tor]
 - delegate    n.代表；v.委派…为代表，授权    [del-e-gate]
 - emissary    n.密使；特使    [em-is-sar-y]
 - factotum    n.杂役，听差    [fac-to-tum]
 - functionary    n.小官，低级公务员    [func-tion-ar-y]
 - proctor    n.代理人，学监    [proc-tor]
 - referee    n.裁判员；仲裁者    [ref-er-ee]
 - resident    n.居民；a.定居的，常驻的    [res-i-dent]

***** deputy 759

 - champion    n.冠军；斗士；拥护者；v.拥护    [cham-pi-on]
 - chancellor    n.大臣，总理，首席法官，大学校长    [chan-cel-lor]
 - consul    n.领事    [con-sul]
 - delegate    n.代表；v.委派…为代表，授权    [del-e-gate]
 - deputy    n.代表；副警长    [dep-u-ty]
 - substitute    n.代替品；v.代替    [sub-sti-tute]
 + surrogate    n.代替品；代理人    [sur-ro-gate]
 - understudy    n.预备演员，替角；v.充当…的替角    [un-der-stud-y]
 - vicar    n.教区牧师    [vic-ar]

** Section II. Special Intersocial Volition

***** permission 760

 - absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 + authorization    n.授权，认可    [au-thor-i-za-tion]
 - charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 + concession    n.让步    [con-ces-sion]
 - connive    v.默许；纵容    [con-nive]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - empower    v.授权给某人采取行动    [em-pow-er]
 - exonerate    v.免除责任；确定无罪    [ex-on-er-ate]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - grant    v.同意给予    [grant]
 + gratify    v.使高兴，使满足    [grat-i-fy]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 - legitimate    a.合法的；正当的    [le-git-i-mate]
 - liberty    n.随意，冒失    [lib-er-ty]
 - license    n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照    [li-cense]
 - patent    a.显而易见的；n.专利权(证书)    [pa-tent]
 + permissive    a.过分纵容的    [per-mis-sive]
 - precept    n.箴言，格言    [pre-cept]
 + privilege    n.特权，特别利益    [priv-i-lege]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 + sanction    n./v.批准，认可    [sanc-tion]
 - tolerance    n.容许量，公差；容忍，忍受    [tol-er-ance]
 - validate    v.使…生效    [val-i-date]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 - warranty    n.保证；辩解；有正当理由；批准    [war-ran-ty]
 - wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]

***** prohibition 761

 + ban    n.禁令    [ban]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 - circumscribe    v.限制    [cir-cum-scribe]
 - contraband    n.违禁品，走私货    [con-tra-band]
 - embargo    n.禁运令，封港令    [em-bar-go]
 - enjoin    v.命令，吩咐    [en-join]
 - exclude    v.排斥；排除    [ex-clude]
 - exclusive    a.(人)孤僻的；(物)专用的    [ex-clu-sive]
 + forbid    v.不许，禁止；妨碍，阻止    [for-bid]
 + forbidding    a.(表情)冷峻的；形势险恶的    [for-bid-ding]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + illegal    a.违法的    [il-le-gal]
 - inhibit    v.抑制    [in-hib-it]
 - injunction    n.命令，强制令    [in-junc-tion]
 + interdict    v.禁止；切断(补给线)    [in-ter-dict]
 + prohibitive    a.抑制的；价格贵得买不起的    [pro-hib-i-tive]
 + proscribe    v.禁止    [pro-scribe]
 - restrain    v.克制，抑制    [re-strain]
 + taboo    a.讳忌的；n.禁忌    [ta-boo]
 + veto    n.否决，禁止    [ve-to]
 - withhold    v.扣留，保留    [with-hold]

***** consent 762

 - accede    v.同意    [ac-cede]
 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - acquiesce    v.勉强同意，默许    [ac-qui-esce]
 - assent    v.同意，赞成    [as-sent]
 - compliance    n.顺从，遵从    [com-pli-ance]
 - comply    v.遵循，顺从    [com-ply]
 - concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 - concession    n.让步    [con-ces-sion]
 - consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 + deign    v.屈尊，惠允(做某事)    [deign]
 - grant    v.同意给予    [grant]
 - ratification    n.正式批准    [ratification]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]

***** offer 763

 - bid    v.命令；出价，投标    [bid]
 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - overture    n.前奏曲，序曲    [o-ver-ture]
 + presentation    n.表演，介绍，描述    [pres-en-ta-tion]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 + proffer    n./v.献出，赠送；提议，建议    [prof-fer]
 - proposal    n.提案，建议    [pro-po-sal]
 - proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]

***** refusal 764

 - begrudge    v.吝啬，勉强给    [be-grudge]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - decline    v.拒绝；变弱，变小；n.消减    [de-cline]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - disclaim    v.放弃权利；拒绝承认    [dis-claim]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - repulse    v.驱逐，击退；厌恶；n.驱逐，击退，厌恶    [re-pulse]
 - rescind    v.废除，取消    [re-scind]
 - restive    a.不安静的，不安宁的    [res-tive]

***** request 765

 - address    v.处理，对付，着手解决；致词    [ad-dress]
 - apostrophe    n.书写中撇号(’)(表示省略或所有格)    [a-pos-tro-phe]
 - appeal    v.恳求；吸引；上诉    [ap-peal]
 - application    n.请求，申请；应用，应用程序    [ap-pli-ca-tion]
 - beset    v.镶嵌；困扰    [be-set]
 - besiege    v.围攻，困扰    [be-siege]
 + cadge    v.乞讨；占便宜    [cadge]
 - canvass    v.细查；拉选票    [can-vass]
 - claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - conjure    v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法    [con-jure]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + entreat    v.恳求    [en-treat]
 + entreaty    n.恳求，哀求    [en-treat-y]
 - evoke    v.引起；唤起    [e-voke]
 + implore    v.哀求，恳求    [im-plore]
 + importune    v.强求，不断请求    [im-por-tune]
 + incantation    n.咒语    [in-can-ta-tion]
 - invoke    v.祈求；恳求；(法律的)实施生效    [in-voke]
 - overture    n.前奏曲，序曲    [o-ver-ture]
 + petition    n.请愿；请愿书    [pe-ti-tion]
 - plead    v.恳求，提出…为理由    [plead]
 - press    v.挤压    [press]
 - proposal    n.提案，建议    [pro-po-sal]
 - proposition    n.看法；提议    [prop-o-si-tion]
 - request    n.要求，请求；v.要求，请求    [re-quest]
 + solicit    v.恳求；教唆    [so-lic-it]
 + suppliant    a.恳求的，哀求的；n.恳求者    [sup-pli-ant]
 + supplicant    n.乞求者，恳求者    [sup-pli-cant]
 + supplicate    v.恳求，乞求    [sup-pli-cate]
 + tout    v.招徕顾客；极力赞扬    [tout]
 - urgent    a.迫切的，紧急的    [ur-gent]

***** deprecation 766

 - deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 - expostulate    v.(对人或行为进行)抗议，告诫    [ex-pos-tu-late]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]

***** petitioner 767

 + applicant    n.申请人    [ap-pli-cant]
 - aspirant    n.有抱负者    [as-pir-ant]
 - candidate    n.候选人；参加考试的人    [can-di-date]
 + mendicant    a.行乞的；n.乞丐    [men-di-cant]
 + pauper    n.贫民，乞丐    [pau-per]
 + petitioner    n.请愿人    [pe-ti-tion-er]
 - suppliant    a.恳求的，哀求的；n.恳求者    [sup-pli-ant]
 - supplicant    n.乞求者，恳求者    [sup-pli-cant]
 - tout    v.招徕顾客；极力赞扬    [tout]

** Section III. Conditional Intersocial Volition

***** promise 768

 - assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 - attest    (to)v.证明    [at-test]
 + betroth    v.许配，和…订婚    [be-troth]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 + committed    a.(对事业，本职工作等)尽忠的    [com-mit-ted]
 - contract    n.合同；v.订合同；收缩    [con-tract]
 + covenant    n.契约；v.立书保证    [cov-e-nant]
 + espousal    n.拥护，支持    [es-pous-al]
 + guarantee    v.保证，担保    [guar-an-tee]
 - oath    n.誓言；咒骂    [oath]
 - obligation    n.责任；债务，欠的人情    [ob-li-ga-tion]
 + pledge    n.誓言，保证；v.发誓    [pledge]
 - plight    n.困境，苦境    [plight]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 - stipulation    n.规定，约定    [stip-u-la-tion]
 + underwrite    v.同意负担…的费用；为…保险    [un-der-write]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 - warranty    n.保证；辩解；有正当理由；批准    [war-ran-ty]

***** release from engagement 768.a

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]

***** compact 769

 - bargain    n.交易; 物美价廉的东西；v.讨价还价    [bar-gain]
 - charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - compact    a.结实的；简洁的；n.合同，协议    [com-pact]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 - confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 - contract    n.合同；v.订合同；收缩    [con-tract]
 - conventional    a.因循守旧的，传统的    [con-ven-tion-al]
 - covenant    n.契约；v.立书保证    [cov-e-nant]
 + endorse    v.背书；赞同    [en-dorse]
 - indent    v.切割成锯齿状    [in-dent]
 + indenture    n.契约，合同    [in-den-ture]
 - negotiate    v.商议，谈判，交涉    [ne-go-ti-ate]
 + pact    n.协定，条约    [pact]
 - protocol    n.外交礼节；协议，草案    [pro-to-col]
 - ratification    n.正式批准    [ratification]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 + stipulate    v.要求以…为条件；约定    [stip-u-late]
 - stipulation    n.规定，约定    [stip-u-la-tion]
 + treaty    n.条约；协议    [trea-ty]
 - underwrite    v.同意负担…的费用；为…保险    [un-der-write]

***** conditions 770

 - covenant    n.契约；v.立书保证    [cov-e-nant]
 - obligation    n.责任；债务，欠的人情    [ob-li-ga-tion]
 - provisional    a.暂时的，临时的    [pro-vi-sion-al]
 - stipulate    v.要求以…为条件；约定    [stip-u-late]
 - stipulation    n.规定，约定    [stip-u-la-tion]

***** security 771

 - assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 - bail    n.保释金    [bail]
 - charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - collateral    a.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品    [col-lat-er-al]
 - covenant    n.契约；v.立书保证    [cov-e-nant]
 - deed    n.行为；(土地或建筑物的)转让契约、证书    [deed]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 - guarantee    v.保证，担保    [guar-an-tee]
 - indenture    n.契约，合同    [in-den-ture]
 + lien    n.扣押权；留置权    [li-en]
 + mortgage    n.抵押贷款；抵押证书；v.用…作抵押    [mort-gage]
 - pledge    n.誓言，保证；v.发誓    [pledge]
 - plight    n.困境，苦境    [plight]
 - receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]
 - stamp    v./n.跺脚；在…上盖印    [stamp]
 + testament    n.遗嘱；证明    [tes-ta-ment]
 - underwrite    v.同意负担…的费用；为…保险    [un-der-write]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 - warranty    n.保证；辩解；有正当理由；批准    [war-ran-ty]

***** observance 772

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - acquittal    n.宣告无罪，开释    [ac-quit-tal]
 - adhere    v.粘着    [ad-here]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 - compliance    n.顺从，遵从    [com-pli-ance]
 - comply    v.遵循，顺从    [com-ply]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 - fulfil    v.履行；满足，符合    [ful-fil]
 - literal    a.字面上的；忠实原义的；精确的    [lit-er-al]
 - loyal    a.忠诚的，忠贞的，忠心的    [loy-al]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 + punctilious    a.谨小慎微的    [punc-til-i-ous]

***** nonobservance 773

 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - elude    v.逃避；搞不清    [e-lude]
 - elusive    a.难懂的    [e-lu-sive]
 - evade    v.逃避；规避    [e-vade]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - evasive    a.迥避的，逃避的，托辞的    [e-va-sive]
 + forfeit    v.丧失，被罚没收；n.丧失物    [for-feit]
 - infraction    n.违法    [in-frac-tion]
 - infringe    v.违反，侵害    [in-fringe]
 - nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 - omit    v.省略，遗漏；疏忽    [o-mit]
 - palter    v.含糊其词    [pal-ter]
 - pirate    n.海盗，剽窃者；v.盗印；掠夺    [pi-rate]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - retract    v.缩回，收回    [re-tract]
 - transgress    v.冒犯，违背    [trans-gress]
 - transgression    n.违法，罪过    [trans-gres-sion]
 - violate    v.违反，触犯    [vi-o-late]

***** compromise 774

 - adjust    v.整顿，整理；适应    [ad-just]
 - commute    v.交换；坐公交车上下班    [com-mute]
 - compound    n.复合物；v.搀和    [com-pound]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]

** Section IV. Possessive Relations

*** 1. Property In General

***** acquisition 775

 - accrue    v.(利息等)增大；增多    [ac-crue]
 + acquired    a.后天习得的    [ac-quired]
 - descent    n.降落；侵袭；血统    [de-scent]
 - glean    v.拾落穗；收集(材料等)    [glean]
 + inherit    v.继承    [in-her-it]
 + lucrative    a.赚钱的，有利可图的    [lu-cra-tive]
 + pelf    n.钱财；不义之财    [pelf]
 + proceeds    n.收入    [pro-ceeds]
 - procure    v.取得，获得    [pro-cure]
 - procurement    n.获得，接收    [pro-cure-ment]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - purchase    n.支点(阻止东西下滑)    [pur-chase]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - remunerative    a.报酬高的，有利润的    [re-mu-ner-a-tive]
 - restitution    n.归偿；赔偿    [res-ti-tu-tion]
 - retrieve    v./n.寻回，取回；挽回(错误)    [re-trieve]
 + salvage    n./v.(从灾难中)抢救，海上救助    [sal-vage]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]

***** loss 776

 - bereft    a.被剥夺的；缺少的    [be-reft]
 + deprivation    n.剥夺；缺乏    [dep-ri-va-tion]
 - farewell    interj.再会，再见；n.辞行，告别    [fare-well]
 - forfeit    v.丧失，被罚没收；n.丧失物    [for-feit]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 + privation    n.丧失，贫困    [pri-va-tion]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** possession 777

 - engross    v.全神贯注于    [en-gross]
 - forestall    v.先发制人，预先阻止    [fore-stall]
 - fraught    a.充满…的    [fraught]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - inherit    v.继承    [in-her-it]
 - monopoly    n.专利权，垄断    [mo-nop-o-ly]
 - pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 - possessed    a.着迷的；疯狂的    [pos-sessed]
 + tenure    n.任期；终身职位    [ten-ure]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]

***** exemption 777.a

 - devoid    a.空的，缺少的    [de-void]
 - immunity    n.免疫；豁免    [im-mu-ni-ty]
 - privilege    n.特权，特别利益    [priv-i-lege]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]

***** participation 778



***** possessor 779

 + proprietary    a.私有的    [pro-pri-e-tar-y]
 - tenant    n.房客    [ten-ant]

***** property 780

 - cargo    n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物    [car-go]
 - claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - domain    n.领土；领域    [do-main]
 - facilities    n.(使事情便利的)设备、工具    [facilities]
 - feud    n.宿怨，不和    [feud]
 + heirloom    n.传家宝    [heir-loom]
 - inherit    v.继承    [in-her-it]
 + lease    n.租约；租期；v.出租    [lease]
 + legacy    n.遗产；遗留之物    [leg-a-cy]
 - mandatory    a.命令的，强迫的    [man-da-to-ry]
 - patent    a.显而易见的；n.专利权(证书)    [pa-tent]
 + patrimony    n.祖传的财产    [pat-ri-mo-ny]
 - pelf    n.钱财；不义之财    [pelf]
 - pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 - realm    n.王国；领域，范围    [realm]
 - remainder    n.剩余物    [re-main-der]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - suitcase    n.手提箱，箱子    [suit-case]
 - tenure    n.任期；终身职位    [ten-ure]

***** retention 781

 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 - custody    n.监管，保管    [cus-to-dy]
 + detain    v.拘留；使延迟    [de-tain]
 - entail    v.需要，需求，必须    [en-tail]
 - gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 + inalienable    a.不可剥夺的    [in-al-ien-a-ble]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - retain    v.保留，保持；留住    [re-tain]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 - talon    n.猛禽的锐爪    [tal-on]
 - tenacious    a.坚韧不拔的    [te-na-cious]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]
 - tongs    n.夹子，钳子    [tongs]
 - withhold    v.扣留，保留    [with-hold]
 + wrist    n.腕，腕关节    [wrist]

***** relinquishment 782

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 - cede    v.割让(土地权利)，放弃    [cede]
 - cession    n.割让，转让    [ces-sion]
 - derelict    a.荒废的；玩忽职守的；n.被遗弃的人    [der-e-lict]
 + dereliction    n.遗弃，弃置    [der-e-lic-tion]
 - discard    v.扔掉，抛弃    [dis-card]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - divest    v.卸下盛装；剥夺    [di-vest]
 - forgo    v.放弃，抛弃    [for-go]
 + jettison    v.(船)向外抛弃东西；n.抛弃的货物    [jet-ti-son]
 - maroon    n./a.栗色(的)    [ma-roon]
 - relinquish    v.放弃，废除    [re-lin-quish]
 - renounce    v.(正式)放弃    [re-nounce]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - supersede    v.淘汰，取代    [su-per-sede]
 - surrender    v.投降；放弃；归还    [sur-ren-der]

*** 2. Transfer of Property

***** transfer 783

 + alienate    v.疏远，离间某人    [al-ien-ate]
 + amortize    v.分期偿还    [a-mor-tize]
 - barter    v.易货贸易    [bar-ter]
 - consign    v.托运；托人看管    [con-sign]
 - convey    v.运载，运送；表达    [con-vey]
 - demise    n.死亡；财产转让    [de-mise]
 - grant    v.同意给予    [grant]
 + negotiable    a.可商量的    [ne-go-ti-a-ble]
 - negotiate    v.商议，谈判，交涉    [ne-go-ti-ate]
 - substitute    n.代替品；v.代替    [sub-sti-tute]
 - transfer    v.转移，传递；调任，转让    [trans-fer]
 - transmit    v.传送，传播    [trans-mit]

***** giving 784

 - accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - accord    v./n.同意；一致    [ac-cord]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 - amortize    v.分期偿还    [a-mor-tize]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 + bequeath    . 遗赠    [be-queath]
 + bequest    n.遗产，遗赠物    [be-quest]
 + bestow    v.给予，赐赠    [be-stow]
 - boon    n.恩惠，天赐福利    [boon]
 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - cede    v.割让(土地权利)，放弃    [cede]
 + charitable    a.仁慈的；宽厚的    [char-i-ta-ble]
 + charity    n.仁慈；施舍    [char-i-ty]
 - communicate    v.传送信息，沟通    [com-mu-ni-cate]
 - concede    v.承认(为正确)；让步    [con-cede]
 - concession    n.让步    [con-ces-sion]
 - confer    v.讨论，商谈；赠予    [con-fer]
 - consign    v.托运；托人看管    [con-sign]
 - devise    v.发明，设计；图谋；遗赠给    [de-vise]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - donate    v.捐赠，赠送    [do-nate]
 + donor    n.捐赠者，赠送者；献血者    [do-nor]
 - endow    v.资助，捐助    [en-dow]
 + generosity    n.慷慨，大方    [gen-er-os-i-ty]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 - grant    v.同意给予    [grant]
 + gratuity    n.赏钱，小费    [gra-tu-i-ty]
 - grease    n.(炼出的)动物油脂；滑脂    [grease]
 + honorarium    n.酬劳金，谢礼    [hon-o-rar-i-um]
 - immolate    v.牺牲，焚祭    [im-mo-late]
 - impart    v.传授，告知    [im-part]
 - indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 + largess    n.赠送，赏赐；赠品；贺礼    [lar-gess]
 + largesse    n.慷慨援助；施舍    [lar-gesse]
 - lavish    a.浪费的；丰富的    [lav-ish]
 - legacy    n.遗产；遗留之物    [leg-a-cy]
 + liberality    n.慷慨；心胸开阔    [lib-er-al-i-ty]
 - mete    v.给予，分配；测量；n.边界    [mete]
 - presentation    n.表演，介绍，描述    [pres-en-ta-tion]
 - presenter    n.主持人    [presenter]
 - render    v.呈递，表现；提供    [ren-der]
 - sacrifice    n.牺牲；v.宰牲祭神    [sac-ri-fice]
 - shed    v.流出(眼泪等)；脱落(叶子)    [shed]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 + subsidy    n.补助金    [sub-si-dy]
 + tribute    n.赞辞；贡物    [trib-ute]

***** receiving 785

 - accrue    v.(利息等)增大；增多    [ac-crue]
 - admission    n.许可；入会费；承认    [ad-mis-sion]
 - recipient    n.接受者，收受者    [re-cip-i-ent]

***** apportionment 786

 + allocate    v.配给，分配    [al-lo-cate]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 - appoint    v.任命，指定；约会    [ap-point]
 - appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 - carve    v.雕刻    [carve]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - distribute    v.分发，分配某事物    [dis-trib-ute]
 - dose    n.剂量，一剂    [dose]
 - lot    n.签；命运；v.抽签，划分    [lot]
 - mete    v.给予，分配；测量；n.边界    [mete]
 - modicum    n.少量    [mod-i-cum]
 - partition    n.隔开；隔墙    [par-ti-tion]
 - pittance    n.微薄的薪俸，少量的收入    [pit-tance]
 - quantum    n.量子；定量    [quan-tum]
 + quota    n.定额，配额    [quo-ta]
 - ration    n.定量配给；v.配给    [ra-tion]
 - separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]

***** lending 787

 - accommodate    v.与…一致；提供食宿    [ac-com-mo-date]
 - demise    n.死亡；财产转让    [de-mise]
 - lease    n.租约；租期；v.出租    [lease]
 - mortgage    n.抵押贷款；抵押证书；v.用…作抵押    [mort-gage]

***** borrowing 788

 - adopt    v.收养；采纳    [a-dopt]
 - appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 - plagiarism    n.剽窃，抄袭    [pla-gia-rism]
 + preempt    v.以先买权取得)；取代    [pre-empt]
 - rent    n.裂缝；(意见)分歧    [rent]

***** taking 789

 - absorb    v.吸收；同化；吸引…的注意    [ab-sorb]
 - abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 - appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - bereft    a.被剥夺的；缺少的    [be-reft]
 - caption    n.标题    [cap-tion]
 + capture    v.俘获；夺取或赢得；n.战利品    [cap-ture]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - clinch    v.钉牢；彻底解决    [clinch]
 - collar    n.衣领；戴在动物颈部的项圈    [col-lar]
 + confiscate    v.没收；充公    [con-fis-cate]
 - deduct    v.减去，扣除；演绎    [de-duct]
 - deprivation    n.剥夺；缺乏    [dep-ri-va-tion]
 + distress    n.痛苦，悲痛    [dis-tress]
 - divest    v.卸下盛装；剥夺    [di-vest]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - eviction    n.(对房客或佃户的)驱逐    [e-vic-tion]
 - exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 - extort    v.强索，敲诈    [ex-tort]
 - gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 - impoverish    v.使成赤贫    [im-pov-er-ish]
 - intercept    v.中途拦截，截取    [in-ter-cept]
 - kidnap    v.诱拐，绑架，勒赎    [kid-nap]
 - levy    v./n.征税；征兵    [lev-y]
 - oust    v.驱逐；把…赶走    [oust]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 - preempt    v.以先买权取得)；取代    [pre-empt]
 + rapacious    a.强夺的，贪婪的    [ra-pa-cious]
 + ravenous    a.饿极了的，贪婪的    [rav-en-ous]
 - reap    v.收割，收获    [reap]
 - reprisal    n.(政治或军事的)报复    [re-pris-al]
 + reprise    n.(音乐剧中)乐曲的重复；重复    [re-prise]
 - resume    v.重新开始，继续    [re-su-me]
 - retrench    v.节省，紧缩费用    [re-trench]
 + sequester    v.(使)隐退；使隔离    [se-ques-ter]
 - shear    v.剪(羊毛)，剪发    [shear]
 + shoplift    v.在商店里偷窃货品    [shoplift]
 - snatch    n./v.强夺，攫取    [snatch]
 - strip    v.剥去；n.狭长的一片    [strip]
 - taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 - usurp    v.篡夺，霸占    [u-surp]
 - wrench    v.扭，拧；n.板钳，扳手    [wrench]

***** restitution 790

 - compensate    v.补偿，赔偿    [com-pen-sate]
 - disgorge    v.呕出；(水)流走    [dis-gorge]
 - indemnify    v.赔偿，偿付    [in-dem-ni-fy]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - rehabilitate    v.修复，恢复(职业等)    [re-ha-bil-i-tate]
 + reimburse    v.偿还    [re-im-burse]
 - reinstate    v.恢复(原职)    [re-in-state]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - render    v.呈递，表现；提供    [ren-der]
 - reparation    n.赔偿，补偿    [rep-a-ra-tion]
 - repatriate    v.(自异国)遣返    [re-pa-tri-ate]
 - restitution    n.归偿；赔偿    [res-ti-tu-tion]
 - restore    v.使回复，恢复；修复，修补    [re-store]
 - revert    v.恢复，回复到；重新考虑    [re-vert]

***** stealing 791

 - abstract    n.摘要；a.抽象的    [ab-stract]
 - appropriate    v.拨款；盗用；a.恰当的    [ap-pro-pri-ate]
 + badger    n.獾；v.一再烦扰，一再要求    [badg-er]
 - bilk    v.躲债；骗取    [bilk]
 - defraud    v.欺骗某人    [de-fraud]
 + embezzlement    n.贪污，盗用    [em-bez-zle-ment]
 + filibuster    v./n.妨碍议事，阻挠    [fil-i-bus-ter]
 - forage    n.(牛马的)饲料，粮草；v.搜寻，翻寻    [for-age]
 - fraud    n.欺诈，欺骗；骗子    [fraud]
 - furtive    a. 偷偷的，秘密的    [fur-tive]
 - kidnap    v.诱拐，绑架，勒赎    [kid-nap]
 - pirate    n.海盗，剽窃者；v.盗印；掠夺    [pi-rate]
 - plagiarism    n.剽窃，抄袭    [pla-gia-rism]
 + plagiarize    v.剽窃，抄袭    [pla-gia-rize]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 + plunder    v.抢劫，掠夺    [plun-der]
 + purloin    v.偷窃    [pur-loin]
 - raid    n.突然袭击    [raid]
 - rifle    n.步枪；v.抢劫    [ri-fle]
 - shoplift    v.在商店里偷窃货品    [shoplift]
 - smuggle    v.走私，私运    [smug-gle]
 - spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]
 - strip    v.剥去；n.狭长的一片    [strip]
 - swindle    v.诈骗    [swin-dle]

***** thief 792

 - badger    n.獾；v.一再烦扰，一再要求    [badg-er]
 - crook    v.使弯曲；n.钩状物    [crook]
 + falcon    n.猎鹰；隼    [fal-con]
 - filibuster    v./n.妨碍议事，阻挠    [fil-i-bus-ter]
 + forager    n.强征(粮食)者，抢劫者；粮草征发员；成散开横队的骑兵    [for-ag-er]
 - forger    n.伪造者；打铁匠    [forg-er]
 - hawk    n.隼，鹰    [hawk]
 - lumberjack    n.伐木工    [lum-ber-jack]
 - pirate    n.海盗，剽窃者；v.盗印；掠夺    [pi-rate]
 - ranger    n.森林管理员；巡逻骑警    [rang-er]

***** booty 793

 - plunder    v.抢劫，掠夺    [plun-der]
 - prey    n.被捕食的动物    [prey]
 - spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]

*** 3. Interchange of Property

***** barter 794

 - bargain    n.交易; 物美价廉的东西；v.讨价还价    [bar-gain]
 - barter    v.易货贸易    [bar-ter]
 - bid    v.命令；出价，投标    [bid]
 - dealing    n.生意行为；作风    [deal-ing]
 + huckster    n.叫卖小贩，零售商    [huck-ster]
 - interchangeable    a.可互换的    [in-ter-change-a-ble]
 - interplay    v./n.相互影响    [in-ter-play]
 + mercantile    a.贸易的，商业的    [mer-can-tile]
 - negotiate    v.商议，谈判，交涉    [ne-go-ti-ate]
 - retail    v.零售；n.零售    [re-tail]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 - transaction    n.办理，交易    [trans-ac-tion]
 + underbid    v.要价过低    [un-der-bid]

***** purchase 795

 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 + clientele    n.(医生、律师的)顾客，(商店的)常客    [cli-en-tele]
 - procure    v.取得，获得    [pro-cure]
 - purchase    n.支点(阻止东西下滑)    [pur-chase]
 - rent    n.裂缝；(意见)分歧    [rent]
 - suborn    v.收买，贿赂    [sub-orn]

***** sale 796

 + auction    n.拍卖    [auc-tion]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - disposal    n.清除，处理    [dis-pos-al]
 - dispose    v.使倾向；处理掉    [dis-pose]
 - hawk    n.隼，鹰    [hawk]
 - mortgage    n.抵押贷款；抵押证书；v.用…作抵押    [mort-gage]
 - retail    v.零售；n.零售    [re-tail]
 - undercut    v.削价与(竞争者)抢生意    [un-der-cut]
 + vendor    n.小贩    [ven-dor]
 - vent    v.发泄(情绪)；开孔；n.孔，口    [vent]
 + warmonger    n.好战者，战争贩子    [war-mong-er]

***** merchant 797

 - broker    n.经纪人    [bro-ker]
 - huckster    n.叫卖小贩，零售商    [huck-ster]
 + vintner    n.酒商    [vint-ner]

***** merchandise 798

 - cargo    n.(船、飞机等装载的)货物    [car-go]
 + commodity    n.商品    [com-mod-i-ty]
 - produce    n.产品；农产品    [pro-duce]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]

***** mart 799

 - auction    n.拍卖    [auc-tion]
 + bazaar    n.集市，商店集中区    [ba-zaar]
 - stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]
 - staple    n.主要产品    [sta-ple]
 - warehouse    n.仓库，货栈    [ware-house]

***** stock market 799.a

 - broker    n.经纪人    [bro-ker]
 - speculate    v.沉思，思索；投机    [spec-u-late]

***** securities 799.b

 + securities    n.证券    [securities]

*** 4. Monetary Relations

***** money 800

 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - calcium    n.钙    [cal-ci-um]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - circulate    v.循环；流通；发行    [cir-cu-late]
 - circulation    n.循环，流通；发行额    [cir-cu-la-tion]
 - counterfeit    v.伪造，仿造    [coun-ter-feit]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - debase    v.贬低，贬损    [de-base]
 - discount    n.折扣    [dis-count]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - ferrous    a.含铁的    [fer-rous]
 + fiscal    a.国库的，财政的    [fis-cal]
 - inflate    v.使充气，使膨胀    [in-flate]
 - issue    v.出来，流出；发给，分发；n.(书刊的)期    [is-sue]
 - liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 - mint    n.大量；巨额    [mint]
 - mite    n.极小量；小虫    [mite]
 + monetary    a.货币的    [mon-e-tar-y]
 + numismatist    n.钱币学家，钱币收藏家    [nu-mis-ma-tist]
 - proceeds    n.收入    [pro-ceeds]
 - stock    a.普通的，惯用的；n.存货    [stock]
 - utter    a.完全的；v.发出声音    [ut-ter]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]

***** treasurer 801



***** treasury 802



***** wealth 803

 - affluence    n.充裕，富足    [af-flu-ence]
 - affluent    a.富裕的，丰富的    [af-flu-ent]
 - competence    n.胜任，能力    [com-pe-tence]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - maintenance    n.维持，维护    [main-te-nance]
 + opulent    a.富裕的；充足的    [op-u-lent]
 - pelf    n.钱财；不义之财    [pelf]
 - provision    n.(粮食)供应；(法律等)条款    [pro-vi-sion]
 - solvent    a.有偿债能力的；n.溶剂    [sol-vent]
 - substance    n.大意，根据，实质；物质    [sub-stance]

***** poverty 804

 - bereft    a.被剥夺的；缺少的    [be-reft]
 + destitution    n.匮乏，穷困    [des-ti-tu-tion]
 - distress    n.痛苦，悲痛    [dis-tress]
 + impecunious    a.不名一文的，贫困的    [im-pe-cu-ni-ous]
 - impoverish    v.使成赤贫    [im-pov-er-ish]
 - indigence    n.贫穷    [in-di-gence]
 + indigent    a.贫穷的，贫困的    [in-di-gent]
 - insolvency    n.无力偿还；破产    [in-sol-ven-cy]
 - mendicant    a.行乞的；n.乞丐    [men-di-cant]
 + needy    a.贫穷的    [need-y]
 - pauper    n.贫民，乞丐    [pau-per]
 + penury    n.贫穷；吝啬    [pen-u-ry]
 - privation    n.丧失，贫困    [pri-va-tion]
 - want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]

***** credit 805

 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - draft    n.草稿，草案；汇票    [draft]
 - lien    n.扣押权；留置权    [li-en]
 - mortgage    n.抵押贷款；抵押证书；v.用…作抵押    [mort-gage]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 - securities    n.证券    [securities]
 - tally    v.(使)一致，符合    [tal-ly]

***** debt 806

 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - default    v./n.拖债；未履行的责任    [de-fault]
 - deficit    n.不足，赤字    [def-i-cit]
 + indebted    a.感激的，感恩的    [in-debt-ed]
 - insolvency    n.无力偿还；破产    [in-sol-ven-cy]
 - liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 - obligation    n.责任；债务，欠的人情    [ob-li-ga-tion]
 + premium    n.保险费；奖金    [pre-mi-um]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]
 + unrequited    a.无报答的    [un-re-quit-ed]
 + usury    n.放高利贷    [u-su-ry]

***** payment 807

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - disgorge    v.呕出；(水)流走    [dis-gorge]
 - even    a.平的    [e-ven]
 - expend    v.花费；用光    [ex-pend]
 + liquidate    v.清算；清偿    [liq-ui-date]
 - receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - reimburse    v.偿还    [re-im-burse]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - retribution    n.报应，惩罚    [ret-ri-bu-tion]
 - settle    v.安置于；决定；栖息    [set-tle]
 - shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]

***** nonpayment 808

 - bankrupt    a.破产的    [bank-rupt]
 - default    v./n.拖债；未履行的责任    [de-fault]
 - insolvency    n.无力偿还；破产    [in-sol-ven-cy]
 - nullify    v.使无效，取消    [nul-li-fy]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - swindle    v.诈骗    [swin-dle]

***** expenditure 809

 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 - circulation    n.循环，流通；发行额    [cir-cu-la-tion]
 - contingent    a.意外的；视情况或条件而定的    [con-tin-gent]
 + disburse    v.支付，支出    [dis-burse]
 - earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 - expend    v.花费；用光    [ex-pend]
 - expenditure    n.消耗，支出    [ex-pend-i-ture]
 - garnish    v.装饰    [gar-nish]
 - purchase    n.支点(阻止东西下滑)    [pur-chase]
 - quota    n.定额，配额    [quo-ta]
 - shell    n.贝壳；炮弹；v.剥去…的壳    [shell]
 - subsidy    n.补助金    [sub-si-dy]
 - tribute    n.赞辞；贡物    [trib-ute]

***** receipt 810

 - accrue    v.(利息等)增大；增多    [ac-crue]
 - pittance    n.微薄的薪俸，少量的收入    [pit-tance]
 - premium    n.保险费；奖金    [pre-mi-um]
 - proceeds    n.收入    [pro-ceeds]
 - receipt    n.收到，接到；发票，收据    [re-ceipt]
 - rent    n.裂缝；(意见)分歧    [rent]
 - revenue    n.总收入；国家的税收收入    [rev-e-nue]

***** accounts 811

 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - audit    v.审计，核对；旁听    [au-dit]
 - budget    n.预算    [budg-et]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - expenditure    n.消耗，支出    [ex-pend-i-ture]
 - ledger    n.账簿    [ledg-er]
 - monetary    a.货币的    [mon-e-tar-y]
 - score    n.乐谱    [score]

***** price 812

 - appraise    v.评价，鉴定    [ap-praise]
 - assess    v.确定，评定；估计…的质量    [as-sess]
 - assessment    n.估计，评价    [as-sess-ment]
 - demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - excise    v.切除，删去    [ex-cise]
 - gavel    n.(法官所用的)槌，小木槌    [gav-el]
 - levy    v./n.征税；征兵    [lev-y]
 - liquidate    v.清算；清偿    [liq-ui-date]
 - mercenary    a.惟利是图的；n.雇佣兵    [mer-ce-nar-y]
 - ransom    n.赎金；赎身；v.赎回    [ran-som]
 - salvage    n./v.(从灾难中)抢救，海上救助    [sal-vage]
 + tariff    n.关税    [tar-iff]
 - toll    n.过路(桥)费；伤亡人数，损失；v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲    [toll]
 + venal    a.惟利是图的，贪赃枉法的    [ve-nal]

***** value 812.a

 - appraise    v.评价，鉴定    [ap-praise]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 - assess    v.确定，评定；估计…的质量    [as-sess]
 - assessment    n.估计，评价    [as-sess-ment]
 - estimable    a.值得尊敬的；可估计的    [es-ti-ma-ble]

***** worthlessness 812.b

 - shoddy    n.劣质的，冒充好货的    [shod-dy]

***** discount 813

 - abate    v.减轻，减少    [a-bate]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 - bargain    n.交易; 物美价廉的东西；v.讨价还价    [bar-gain]
 - concession    n.让步    [con-ces-sion]
 - discount    n.折扣    [dis-count]
 - rebate    n.折扣，回扣    [re-bate]
 - salvage    n./v.(从灾难中)抢救，海上救助    [sal-vage]
 - tare    n.莠草，杂草    [tare]

***** dearness 814

 - exorbitant    a.过分的，过度的    [ex-or-bi-tant]
 - extort    v.强索，敲诈    [ex-tort]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 + profiteer    n.奸商，牟取暴利者    [prof-i-teer]

***** cheapness 815

 - bargain    n.交易; 物美价廉的东西；v.讨价还价    [bar-gain]
 - gratuitous    a.无缘无故的；免费的    [gra-tu-i-tous]
 - gratuity    n.赏钱，小费    [gra-tu-i-ty]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]

***** liberality 816

 - charitable    a.仁慈的；宽厚的    [char-i-ta-ble]
 - charity    n.仁慈；施舍    [char-i-ty]
 - generosity    n.慷慨，大方    [gen-er-os-i-ty]
 + hospitable    a.豁达的    [hos-pi-ta-ble]
 - liberality    n.慷慨；心胸开阔    [lib-er-al-i-ty]
 + munificence    n.慷慨，宽宏大量    [mu-nif-i-cence]
 + ungrudging    a.慷慨的    [un-grudg-ing]

***** economy 817

 + chary    a.小心的，审慎的    [char-y]
 + economical    a.经济的，节约的    [e-co-nom-i-cal]
 + frugal    a.节约的，节俭的    [fru-gal]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 - husbandry    n.耕种，务农；节敛管理    [hus-band-ry]
 + parsimony    n.过分节俭，吝啬    [par-si-mo-ny]
 - retrench    v.节省，紧缩费用    [re-trench]
 - sparing    a.节俭的    [spar-ing]

***** greed 817.a

 + acquisitive    a.渴望得到的，贪婪的    [ac-quis-i-tive]
 + avarice    n.贪财，贪婪    [av-a-rice]
 + avaricious    a.贪婪的，贪心的    [av-a-ri-cious]
 + covet    v.贪求，妄想    [cov-et]
 + craving    n.强烈的愿望    [crav-ing]
 + cupidity    n.贪婪    [cu-pid-i-ty]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - exacting    a.苛求的；要求严格的    [ex-act-ing]
 - extort    v.强索，敲诈    [ex-tort]
 + grasping    a.贪心的，贪婪的    [grasp-ing]
 + insatiable    a.不能满足的，贪心的    [in-sa-tia-ble]
 - rapacious    a.强夺的，贪婪的    [ra-pa-cious]
 - ravenous    a.饿极了的，贪婪的    [rav-en-ous]
 + sordid    a.卑鄙的；肮脏的    [sor-did]
 + voracious    a.狼吞虎咽的，贪婪的    [vo-ra-cious]

***** prodigality 818

 - dissipate    v.(使)驱散；浪费    [dis-si-pate]
 - drain    v.排出沟外；喝光    [drain]
 - exhaust    n.(机器排出的)废气，蒸气；v.使非常疲倦    [ex-haust]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 - improvident    a.无远见的，不节俭的    [im-prov-i-dent]
 - lavish    a.浪费的；丰富的    [lav-ish]
 - prodigal    a.挥霍的；n.挥霍者    [prod-i-gal]
 - profuse    a.很多的；浪费的    [pro-fuse]
 + spendthrift    adj./n.挥金如土的(人)    [spend-thrift]
 - squander    v.浪费，挥霍    [squan-der]
 - waste    v.使身体消瘦，损耗    [waste]

***** parsimony 819

 - avarice    n.贪财，贪婪    [av-a-rice]
 - avaricious    a.贪婪的，贪心的    [av-a-ri-cious]
 - begrudge    v.吝啬，勉强给    [be-grudge]
 - chary    a.小心的，审慎的    [char-y]
 + churl    n.粗鄙之人    [churl]
 - curmudgeon    n.脾气暴躁之人    [cur-mudg-eon]
 + famish    v.使饥饿    [fam-ish]
 - gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 - hidebound    a.顽固的，心胸狭窄的    [hide-bound]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - mercenary    a.惟利是图的；n.雇佣兵    [mer-ce-nar-y]
 + miser    n.守财奴，吝啬鬼    [mi-ser]
 + miserly    a.吝啬的，贪婪的    [mi-ser-ly]
 - parsimony    n.过分节俭，吝啬    [par-si-mo-ny]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 - rapacious    a.强夺的，贪婪的    [ra-pa-cious]
 - screw    n.螺丝钉，螺旋；吝啬鬼    [screw]
 - skimp    v.节省花费    [skimp]
 + skinflint    n.吝啬鬼    [skin-flint]
 - sordid    a.卑鄙的；肮脏的    [sor-did]
 - sparing    a.节俭的    [spar-ing]
 + stinginess    n.小气    [stin-gi-ness]
 - stingy    a.吝啬的，小气的    [stin-gy]
 - stint    v.吝惜，节省    [stint]
 - tenacity    n.坚持，固执    [tenacity]
 - tightfisted    a.吝啬的    [tight-fist-ed]
 - underbid    v.要价过低    [un-der-bid]
 - venal    a.惟利是图的，贪赃枉法的    [ve-nal]
 - withhold    v.扣留，保留    [with-hold]

* Class VI. Words Relating to the Sentient and Moral Powers

** Section I. Affections in General

***** affections 820

 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 - bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - disposition    n.处理；天性，气质    [dis-po-si-tion]
 - ethos    n.(个人、团体或民族)道德风貌，思潮，信仰    [e-thos]
 - fervor    n.热诚，热心    [fer-vor]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - inborn    a.天生的，天赋的    [in-born]
 - ingrained    a.根深蒂固的    [in-grained]
 - inveterate    a.积习已深的    [in-vet-er-ate]
 + mettle    n.勇气，斗志    [met-tle]
 - morale    n.士气，精神力量    [mo-rale]
 - predilection    n.偏袒，爱好    [pre-di-lec-tion]
 - predisposition    n.倾向，癖性    [pre-dis-po-si-tion]
 - prone    a.俯卧的；倾向于…的    [prone]
 - propensity    n.嗜好，习性    [pro-pen-si-ty]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]

***** feeling 821

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 + affection    n.爱    [af-fec-tion]
 - agitated    a.被鼓动的；不安的    [ag-i-tat-ed]
 - ardent    a.热心的，热烈的    [ar-dent]
 - blush    v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕    [blush]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 - earnest    a.认真的    [ear-nest]
 - ecstasy    n.狂喜；激情状态    [ec-sta-sy]
 + ecstatic    a.狂喜的，心花怒放的    [ec-stat-ic]
 - endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 - feedback    n.(信息的)反馈    [feed-back]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - fervid    a.炽热的，热情的    [fer-vid]
 - fervor    n.热诚，热心    [fer-vor]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 - glow    v./n.光亮，发热；(脸)红    [glow]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 - gush    v.涌出；滔滔不绝地说    [gush]
 - hectic    a.兴奋的；繁忙的    [hec-tic]
 - impetuous    a.冲动的，鲁莽的    [im-pet-u-ous]
 - impressed    a.被打动的；被感动的    [impressed]
 - impression    n.印象，感想；盖印，压痕    [im-pres-sion]
 - incisive    a.一针见血的    [in-ci-sive]
 - indelible    a.擦拭不掉的，不可磨灭的    [in-del-i-ble]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - kinetic    a.运动的    [ki-net-ic]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - obsessed    a.心神不宁的    [obsessed]
 - palpitate    v.(心脏)急速而不规则地跳动    [pal-pi-tate]
 - passionate    a.充满激情的    [pas-sion-ate]
 - perfervid    a.非常热心的    [per-fer-vid]
 - piercing    a.(寒风)刺骨的；敏锐的    [pierc-ing]
 - piquant    a.辛辣的，开胃的；兴奋的    [pi-quant]
 - poignant    a.伤心的；尖锐的    [poign-ant]
 - profound    a.深的，深刻的；渊博的，深奥的    [pro-found]
 - pungent    a.味道刺激的；苛刻的    [pun-gent]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 - rabid    a.患狂犬病的；失去理性的    [rab-id]
 - racy    a.活泼的，生动的    [rac-y]
 - rapt    a.专心致志的，全神贯注的    [rapt]
 - response    n.反应，响应，回答    [re-sponse]
 - responsiveness    n.应答，响应    [re-spon-sive-ness]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - sensation    n.知觉；轰动(的事)    [sen-sa-tion]
 - sensitivity    n.敏感，灵敏性    [sen-si-tiv-i-ty]
 - sentient    a.有知觉的；知悉的    [sen-ti-ent]
 - sincere    a.诚实的，正直的；真挚的，纯净的    [sin-cere]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - sustain    v.承受(困难)，支撑(重量)    [sus-tain]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - tangy    a.强烈的，扑鼻的    [tang-y]
 - tempo    n.(动作、生活的)步调，速度    [tem-po]
 - tolerance    n.容许量，公差；容忍，忍受    [tol-er-ance]
 - tremor    n.震动，地震    [trem-or]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 - trepidation    n.恐惧，惶恐    [trep-i-da-tion]
 + unsettling    a.令人不安的，扰乱的，使窘困的    [unsettling]
 - verve    n.(艺术作品的)神韵；(人)生机    [verve]
 - wince    v.避开，畏缩    [wince]
 - wistful    a.惆怅的，渴望的    [wist-ful]

***** sensibility 822

 - bathetic    a.假作悲伤的；陈腐的    [ba-thet-ic]
 + excitability    n.易兴奋性，易激动性    [ex-cit-a-bil-i-ty]
 + fastidious    a.难取悦的，挑剔的    [fas-tid-i-ous]
 + impressionable    a.易受影响的    [im-pres-sion-a-ble]
 + mettlesome    a.精神抖擞的    [met-tle-some]
 - mobile    a.易于移动的    [mo-bile]
 - mobility    n.可动性，流动性    [mo-bil-i-ty]
 - sensible    a.明智的；可感觉到的    [sen-si-ble]
 - sensitive    a.敏感的    [sen-si-tive]
 - sensitivity    n.敏感，灵敏性    [sen-si-tiv-i-ty]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 - susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]
 + susceptible    a.易受影响的，脆弱的    [sus-cep-ti-ble]
 - vivacious    a.活泼的，快活的    [vi-va-cious]

***** insensibility 823

 + analgesia    n.无痛觉，痛觉丧失    [an-al-ge-si-a]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - callous    a.结硬块的    [cal-lous]
 - coma    n.昏迷状态    [co-ma]
 - comatose    a.昏迷的    [co-ma-tose]
 + cryogenic    a.低温的，制冷的；低温学的    [cry-o-gen-ic]
 - deaden    v.减低某物的力量或强度    [dead-en]
 - deadpan    a./n.无表情的(脸)    [dead-pan]
 - disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - frigid    a.寒冷的；死板的    [frig-id]
 - frigidity    n.寒冷；冷淡    [fri-gid-i-ty]
 - impassive    a.无动于衷的，冷漠的    [im-pas-sive]
 + imperturbable    a.冷静的，沉着的    [im-per-turb-a-ble]
 - impervious    a.不能渗透的；不为所动的    [im-per-vi-ous]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]
 - inert    a.惰性的；行动迟钝的    [in-ert]
 - inertia    n.惰性；懒惰    [in-er-tia]
 - insentient    a.无知觉的，无生命的    [in-sen-ti-ent]
 - insouciant    a.漫不经心的    [in-sou-ci-ant]
 + inured    a.习惯的    [in-ured]
 - languid    a.没精打采的，倦怠的    [lan-guid]
 - lethargy    n.昏睡；倦怠；呆滞懒散    [leth-ar-gy]
 - lukewarm    a.微温的，不热心的    [luke-warm]
 - marble    n.大理石    [mar-ble]
 - maudlin    a.感情脆弱的，爱哭的    [maud-lin]
 - menthol    n.薄荷醇    [men-thol]
 - nonchalance    n.冷漠，缺少关怀；沉着    [non-cha-lance]
 + nonchalant    a.冷漠的    [non-cha-lant]
 - numb    a.麻木的    [numb]
 - oafishness    n.痴呆    [oafishness]
 - obtuse    a.愚笨的；不锐利的    [ob-tuse]
 + phlegmatic    a.冷静的，冷淡的    [phleg-mat-ic]
 - sear    v.(以烈火)烧灼    [sear]
 + stoic    n.坚忍克己之人    [sto-ic]
 - stupor    n.昏迷，不醒人事    [stu-por]
 - supine    a.仰卧的；懒散的    [su-pine]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - torpid    a.懒散的，死气沉沉的    [tor-pid]
 - torpor    n.死气沉沉    [tor-por]
 - trance    n.恍惚，昏睡状态    [trance]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 - unconscious    a.不省人事的；未意识到的    [un-con-scious]
 - unmoved    a.无动于衷的，冷漠的；镇定的    [un-moved]

***** excitation 824

 - absorb    v.吸收；同化；吸引…的注意    [ab-sorb]
 - agitate    v.搅动，煽动；使不安，使焦虑    [ag-i-tate]
 - animate    a.活的，有生命的；v.赋予生命    [an-i-mate]
 - animation    n.活泼，有生气；卡通制作    [an-i-ma-tion]
 - appetizing    a.美味可口的，促进食欲的    [ap-pe-tiz-ing]
 - arouse    v.唤醒；激发    [a-rouse]
 + astound    v.使震惊    [a-stound]
 - distract    v.分心，转移；使发狂，困扰    [dis-tract]
 - distracted    a.心烦意乱的，精神不集中的    [dis-tract-ed]
 + enrapture    v.使狂喜，使高兴    [en-rap-ture]
 - evoke    v.引起；唤起    [e-voke]
 - fervid    a.炽热的，热情的    [fer-vid]
 - foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 - foster    v.培养，鼓励；领养    [fos-ter]
 - frantic    a.疯狂的，狂乱的    [fran-tic]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 - galvanize    v.电镀；通电；激励    [gal-va-nize]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 - hearten    v.鼓励，激励    [heart-en]
 - imposing    a.壮丽的，雄伟的    [im-pos-ing]
 - infection    n.传染，感染    [in-fec-tion]
 - inflame    v.使燃烧；激怒(某人)    [in-flame]
 - infuriate    v.使(人)极为愤怒    [in-fu-ri-ate]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 + intoxicate    v.(使)沉醉，(使)欣喜若狂；(使)喝醉    [in-tox-i-cate]
 - irritate    v.激怒；刺激    [ir-ri-tate]
 - irritation    n.愤怒，急躁，刺激    [ir-ri-ta-tion]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 - overpowering    a.压倒性的，不可抗拒的    [o-ver-pow-er-ing]
 - overwhelm    v.泛滥；压倒    [o-ver-whelm]
 - overwrought    a.紧张过度的    [o-ver-wrought]
 - penetrate    v.刺穿；渗入；了解    [pen-e-trate]
 - petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - piquant    a.辛辣的，开胃的；兴奋的    [pi-quant]
 + pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - provocation    n.挑衅，激怒    [prov-o-ca-tion]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - rave    n.热切赞扬；v.狂语    [rave]
 - revive    v.使苏醒；再流    [re-vive]
 - riveting    a.非常精彩的    [riv-et-ing]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - scalding    a.滚烫的    [scalding]
 - seethe    v.沸腾，汹涌    [seethe]
 - startle    v.使吃惊    [star-tle]
 - sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]
 - stir    v.刺激    [stir]
 - stoke    v.给…添加燃料    [stoke]
 - telling    a.有效的，显著的    [tell-ing]
 - tension    n.紧张，焦虑；张力    [ten-sion]
 - unsettling    a.令人不安的，扰乱的，使窘困的    [unsettling]
 - whet    v.磨快；刺激    [whet]

***** excitability 825

 - agony    n.极大痛苦    [ag-o-ny]
 - befuddlement    n.迷惑不解    [be-fud-dle-ment]
 - boisterous    a.喧闹的；猛烈的    [bois-ter-ous]
 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 - delirious    a.精神错乱的    [de-lir-i-ous]
 - delirium    n.精神错乱    [de-lir-i-um]
 - demonstrative    a.证明性的；喜怒形于色的    [de-mon-stra-tive]
 - ebullience    n.兴冲冲，亢奋    [e-bul-lience]
 - enzyme    n.酵素，酶    [en-zyme]
 - excitability    n.易兴奋性，易激动性    [ex-cit-a-bil-i-ty]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - fidget    v.坐立不安；n.烦躁之人    [fidg-et]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 - frenzy    n.极度激动的状态，狂暴    [fren-zy]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 - furor    n.轰动；盛怒    [fu-ror]
 - fuss    n.大惊小怪    [fuss]
 - fussy    a.爱挑剔的    [fuss-y]
 - gust    n.阵风；一阵(情绪)    [gust]
 - hasty    a.急急忙忙的    [has-ty]
 - impassioned    a.慷慨激昂的    [im-pas-sioned]
 - impetuous    a.冲动的，鲁莽的    [im-pet-u-ous]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 - irrepressible    a.无法约束或阻止的    [ir-re-press-i-ble]
 + irritable    a.易怒的；易受刺激的    [ir-ri-ta-ble]
 - maelstrom    n.大漩涡；大混乱    [mael-strom]
 - mercurial    a.善变的；活泼的    [mer-cu-ri-al]
 - mettlesome    a.精神抖擞的    [met-tle-some]
 - paroxysm    n.(感情等)突发    [par-ox-ysm]
 - passionate    a.充满激情的    [pas-sion-ate]
 - pell-mell    adv.混乱地    [pell-mell]
 - perfervid    a.非常热心的    [per-fer-vid]
 - rabid    a.患狂犬病的；失去理性的    [rab-id]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - rambunctious    a.骚乱的；(兴奋)控制不了的    [ram-bunc-tious]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 - rant    v.咆哮；口出狂言    [rant]
 - rave    n.热切赞扬；v.狂语    [rave]
 - restiveness    n.倔强；难以驾御    [res-tive-ness]
 - restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - swirl    v.旋转；n.漩    [swirl]
 - tantrum    n.发脾气，发怒    [tan-trum]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 - tempest    n.暴风雨；骚动    [tem-pest]
 - tempestuous    a.狂暴的    [tem-pes-tu-ous]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - trepidation    n.恐惧，惶恐    [trep-i-da-tion]
 - tumult    n.乱哄哄    [tu-mult]
 - turbulent    a.导致动乱的；骚乱的    [tur-bu-lent]
 - uproarious    a.骚动的，喧嚣的；令人捧腹的    [up-roar-i-ous]
 - volatile    a.反复无常的；挥发性的    [vol-a-tile]
 - whiff    v./n.轻吹，轻风    [whiff]
 - wince    v.避开，畏缩    [wince]

***** inexcitability 826

 - abide    v.容忍，忍受    [a-bide]
 + abstentious    a.节制的    [ab-sten-tious]
 - acquiesce    v.勉强同意，默许    [ac-qui-esce]
 - appease    v.使平静，安抚    [ap-pease]
 - bearing    n.关系，意义；方位    [bear-ing]
 - brook    n.小河    [brook]
 - check    v.使突然停止，阻止    [check]
 - clement    a.仁慈的；温和的    [clem-ent]
 + cold-blooded    a.[生]冷血的；残酷的    [cold-blood-ed]
 + collected    a.泰然自若的    [col-lect-ed]
 - compose    v.写，创作；组成    [com-pose]
 - composed    a.镇定的，沉着的    [com-posed]
 + composure    n.镇静，沉着；自若    [com-po-sure]
 - content    a.知足的，满意的；n.内容；满意    [con-tent]
 + dispassionate    a.平心静气的    [dis-pas-sion-ate]
 - disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 - endure    v.忍受，忍耐    [en-dure]
 + enduring    a.持续的    [en-dur-ing]
 + equanimity    n.镇定，沉着    [e-qua-nim-i-ty]
 - forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 + fortitude    n.坚毅，坚韧不拔    [for-ti-tude]
 - gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 - imperturbable    a.冷静的，沉着的    [im-per-turb-a-ble]
 - irritable    a.易怒的；易受刺激的    [ir-ri-ta-ble]
 - levelheaded    a.头脑冷静的，稳健的    [levelheaded]
 + meek    a.温顺的，顺服的    [meek]
 + placid    a.安静的，平和的    [plac-id]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - reconcile    v.和解，调和    [rec-on-cile]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - resigned    a.逆来顺受的，顺从的    [re-signed]
 - restraint    n.克制    [re-straint]
 - sedate    a.镇静的    [se-date]
 - serene    a.清澈的，晴朗的，安静的    [se-rene]
 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]
 + staid    a.稳重的，沉着的    [staid]
 - stoic    n.坚忍克己之人    [sto-ic]
 - stomach    v.吃得下；容忍    [stom-ach]
 + subdued    a.(光和声)柔和的，缓和的；(人)温和的    [sub-dued]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]
 - swallow    v.吞下，咽下；忍受    [swal-low]
 - tame    a.驯服的；沉闷的    [tame]
 - thaw    v.解冻，溶化    [thaw]
 - tolerance    n.容许量，公差；容忍，忍受    [tol-er-ance]
 - tranquility    n.宁静，安静    [tran-quil-i-ty]
 - unflappable    a.不惊慌的，镇定的    [un-flap-pa-ble]
 + unimpassioned    a.没有激情的    [un-im-pas-sioned]

** Section II. Personal Affections

*** 1. Passive Affections

***** pleasure 827

 + bliss    n.狂喜；福佑，天赐的福    [bliss]
 + blissful    a.极幸福的    [bliss-ful]
 + complacency    n.满足，安心    [com-pla-cen-cy]
 - content    a.知足的，满意的；n.内容；满意    [con-tent]
 - cushion    n.坐垫；v.缓冲    [cush-ion]
 - ecstasy    n.狂喜；激情状态    [ec-sta-sy]
 - ecstatic    a.狂喜的，心花怒放的    [ec-stat-ic]
 + fruition    n.实现，完成    [fru-i-tion]
 + gratification    n.满足，喜悦    [grat-i-fi-ca-tion]
 - luxury    n.奢侈(品)    [lux-u-ry]
 - relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 + solace    n.安慰，慰藉    [sol-ace]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - zest    n.刺激性；热心，兴趣    [zest]

***** pain 828

 - affliction    n.悲痛，受难的起因    [af-flic-tion]
 - agony    n.极大痛苦    [ag-o-ny]
 - ail    v.生病    [ail]
 - anguish    n.极大痛苦    [an-guish]
 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 + careworn    a.受忧虑折磨的，饱经风霜的    [care-worn]
 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 + chagrin    v./n.失望，懊恼    [cha-grin]
 - devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 - discomfited    a.困惑的，尴尬的    [discomfited]
 - distress    n.痛苦，悲痛    [dis-tress]
 - droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 + grief    n.忧伤，悲伤    [grief]
 + grieve    v.使某人极为悲伤    [grieve]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - incubus    n.恶梦；梦魇般的精神压力，负担    [in-cu-bus]
 - infelicitous    a.不幸的，不妥当的    [in-fe-lic-i-tous]
 - infelicity    n.不幸；不恰当    [in-fe-lic-i-ty]
 - irritation    n.愤怒，急躁，刺激    [ir-ri-ta-tion]
 - languish    v.变得消瘦；衰弱    [lan-guish]
 - malaise    n.不适，不舒服    [ma-laise]
 + martyr    n.烈士，殉道者    [mar-tyr]
 - mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 + mourn    v.哀悼，哀伤    [mourn]
 - nightmare    n.恶梦；可怕的事    [night-mare]
 - ordeal    n.严峻考验，痛苦经验    [or-deal]
 - pang    n.一阵剧痛    [pang]
 - pine    n.松树；v.(因疾病等)憔悴；渴望    [pine]
 - plague    n.瘟疫；讨厌的人或物；v.烦扰    [plague]
 - prey    n.被捕食的动物    [prey]
 + purgatory    n.炼狱；受苦受难的地方    [pur-ga-to-ry]
 + repine    v.不满，心中抱怨    [re-pine]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - solicitude    n.关怀，牵挂    [so-lic-i-tude]
 - stranded    a.搁浅的，进退两难的    [stranded]
 - taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 - torment    n.折磨，痛苦    [tor-ment]
 + vexation    n.困扰，苦恼    [vex-a-tion]
 - weary    a.疲劳的，令人厌倦的；v.厌烦    [wea-ry]
 - wince    v.避开，畏缩    [wince]
 + woe    n.悲痛，苦难    [woe]
 - wretched    a.可怜的    [wretch-ed]
 + yearn    v.盼望，渴望    [yearn]

***** pleasurableness 829

 - agreeable    a.令人喜悦的；欣然同意的    [a-gree-a-ble]
 + alluring    a.吸引人的，迷人的    [al-lur-ing]
 + amenity    n.礼仪；使人感到舒适的事物    [a-men-i-ty]
 + amuse    v.使愉快，逗某人笑    [a-muse]
 - appetizing    a.美味可口的，促进食欲的    [ap-pe-tiz-ing]
 - captivate    v.迷惑，吸引    [cap-ti-vate]
 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 - delectable    a.赏心悦目的    [de-lec-ta-ble]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - ecstatic    a.狂喜的，心花怒放的    [ec-stat-ic]
 + enchant    v.使迷醉；施魔法于    [en-chant]
 + engaging    a.迷人的，美丽动人的    [en-gag-ing]
 + enliven    v.使…更活跃    [en-liv-en]
 - enrapture    v.使狂喜，使高兴    [en-rap-ture]
 + enthralling    a.迷人的，吸引人的    [en-thral-ling]
 - entrance    v.使出神，使入迷    [en-trance]
 + entrancing    a.使人入神的    [en-tranc-ing]
 - exquisite    a.精致的；近乎完美的    [ex-qui-site]
 - felicitous    a.(话语等)适当的，得体的    [fe-lic-i-tous]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - genial    a.愉快的，脾气好的    [ge-ni-al]
 + grateful    a.感激的    [grate-ful]
 - gratify    v.使高兴，使满足    [grat-i-fy]
 + gripping    a.紧紧抓住注意力的    [grip-ping]
 - halcyon    a.平静的；愉快的    [hal-cy-on]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 - luxurious    a.奢侈的，豪华的    [lux-u-ri-ous]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 - palmy    a.繁荣的；棕榈的    [palm-y]
 - quench    v.熄灭(火)；抑制(欲望)    [quench]
 + ravishing    a.令人陶醉的    [rav-ish-ing]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 - regale    v.款待；使…享受    [re-gale]
 + seraphic    a.如天使般的，美丽的    [se-raph-ic]
 - slake    v.解渴，消渴    [slake]
 - taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - voluptuous    a.撩人的；沉溺于酒色的    [vo-lup-tu-ous]
 + winsome    a.媚人的，漂亮的    [win-some]

***** painfulness 830

 + abhorrent    a.可恨的，讨厌的    [ab-hor-rent]
 - acute    a.灵敏的；[病]急性的    [a-cute]
 + afflict    v.使痛苦，折磨    [af-flict]
 - affliction    n.悲痛，受难的起因    [af-flic-tion]
 + affront    v.侮辱，冒犯    [af-front]
 - aggrieve    v.使受委屈；使痛苦    [ag-grieve]
 - annoy    v.惹恼；打搅，骚扰    [an-noy]
 + appall    v.使惊骇，使恐怖    [ap-pall]
 - assail    v.抨击；猛攻    [as-sail]
 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - badger    n.獾；v.一再烦扰，一再要求    [badg-er]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 - beset    v.镶嵌；困扰    [be-set]
 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 - convulse    v.使震动，震惊    [con-vulse]
 - corrode    v.腐蚀，侵蚀    [cor-rode]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - cumbersome    a.笨重的    [cum-ber-some]
 - dagger    n.短剑，匕首    [dag-ger]
 + despondent    a.失望的，意气消沉的    [de-spond-ent]
 - dire    a.可怕的    [dire]
 + disagreeable    a.讨厌的；乖戾的    [dis-a-gree-a-ble]
 - discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 - disenchant    v.对…不再抱幻想，使清醒    [dis-en-chant]
 + disgruntle    v.使不满意    [dis-grun-tle]
 - disgust    n.反感，厌恶    [dis-gust]
 + dismal    a.使人悲伤的，阴沉的    [dis-mal]
 - distress    n.痛苦，悲痛    [dis-tress]
 + dolorous    a.悲哀的，忧愁的    [dol-or-ous]
 - dreary    a.沉闷的，乏味的    [drear-y]
 + enrage    v.激怒，触怒    [en-rage]
 - execrable    a.极坏的    [ex-e-cra-ble]
 - faze    v.使…狼狈，折磨    [faze]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 - gadfly    n.虻，牛虻；讨厌的人    [gad-fly]
 - gall    n.胆汁；怨恨    [gall]
 - gnaw    v.啃，咬    [gnaw]
 - grating    a.(声音)刺耳的；恼人的    [grat-ing]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - grievance    n.委屈，抱怨    [griev-ance]
 - grieve    v.使某人极为悲伤    [grieve]
 - grievous    a.严重伤害的    [griev-ous]
 + grim    a.冷酷的，可怕的    [grim]
 - gripe    v.抱怨    [gripe]
 - grueling    a.繁重而累人的    [gru-el-ing]
 - harass    v.侵扰，烦忧    [har-ass]
 - harrow    n.耙；v.使痛苦    [har-row]
 + harrowing    a.悲痛的，难受的    [harrowing]
 - harry    v.掠夺，袭扰，折磨    [har-ry]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - heartrending    a.令人心碎的    [heart-rend-ing]
 - heckle    v.诘问，困扰    [heck-le]
 + hector    v.凌辱，威吓    [hec-tor]
 + hideous    a.讨厌的，丑恶的    [hid-e-ous]
 + horrific    a.可怕的    [hor-rif-ic]
 - importune    v.强求，不断请求    [im-por-tune]
 + infest    v.骚扰，扰乱    [in-fest]
 + invidious    a.惹人反感的，导致伤害和仇恨的，招人嫉妒的    [in-vid-i-ous]
 - irk    v.使苦恼的，厌烦    [irk]
 - irksome    a.令人苦恼的，讨厌的    [irk-some]
 - irritate    v.激怒；刺激    [ir-ri-tate]
 + macabre    a.骇人的，可怖的    [ma-ca-bre]
 + melancholy    a.忧郁的；令人悲伤的    [mel-an-chol-y]
 - mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 + mortify    v.使屈辱，使痛心    [mor-ti-fy]
 + mournful    a.悲伤的    [mourn-ful]
 - nauseate    v.使作呕，使厌恶    [nau-se-ate]
 - nettle    n.荨麻；v.烦忧，激恼    [net-tle]
 - obnoxious    a.令人不愉快的；可憎的    [ob-nox-ious]
 + obsess    v.迷住；使…困窘，使…烦扰    [ob-sess]
 + odious    a.可憎的，讨厌的    [o-di-ous]
 + offend    v.得罪，冒犯    [of-fend]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 - onerous    a.繁重的，麻烦的    [on-er-ous]
 + peeve    v.使气恼，怨恨    [peeve]
 - persecute    v.迫害    [per-se-cute]
 - pest    n.害虫；讨厌的人或物    [pest]
 + pester    v.纠缠，强求    [pes-ter]
 - pierce    v.刺透；穿过    [pierce]
 - pinch    v.捏，掐；n.一撮，一点    [pinch]
 - pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - plague    n.瘟疫；讨厌的人或物；v.烦扰    [plague]
 - provocation    n.挑衅，激怒    [prov-o-ca-tion]
 - rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - raspy    a.(声音)刺耳的；恼人的    [rasp-y]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - repellent    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pel-lent]
 - revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 + rile    v.使…恼火，激怒    [rile]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 + sadden    v.使伤心，使悲哀    [sad-den]
 + scorpion    n.蝎子    [scor-pi-on]
 - scourge    n.鞭笞；磨难；v.鞭笞，磨难    [scourge]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]
 - stroke    v.抚摸；n.击，打；一笔    [stroke]
 - taxing    a.繁重的    [taxing]
 + tease    v.逗乐，戏弄；强求；n.揶揄，戏弄，取笑    [tease]
 - thorn    n.刺；荆棘    [thorn]
 - tire    n.轮胎(tyre)；v.疲劳    [tire]
 - torment    n.折磨，痛苦    [tor-ment]
 + tremendous    a.惊人的；巨大的    [tre-men-dous]
 - ulcer    n.溃疡；腐烂物    [ul-cer]
 - undesirable    a.令人不悦的，讨厌的    [un-de-sir-a-ble]
 - unpalatable    a.令人讨厌的    [un-pal-at-a-ble]
 - untoward    a.不幸的，(坏事)没料到的    [un-to-ward]
 + vex    v./n.恼火    [vex]
 - vexation    n.困扰，苦恼    [vex-a-tion]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 - wearisome    a.使人感到疲倦或厌倦的    [wea-ri-some]

***** content 831

 - acquiesce    v.勉强同意，默许    [ac-qui-esce]
 - assent    v.同意，赞成    [as-sent]
 - complacency    n.满足，安心    [com-pla-cen-cy]
 - conciliate    v.安抚，驯服    [con-cil-i-ate]
 - conciliatory    a.抚慰的，调和的    [con-cil-i-a-to-ry]
 - consent    v.同意，允许    [con-sent]
 - content    a.知足的，满意的；n.内容；满意    [con-tent]
 + contented    a.心满意足的    [con-tent-ed]
 - disarm    v.使…解除武器；使…缓和    [dis-arm]
 - gratify    v.使高兴，使满足    [grat-i-fy]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - reconcile    v.和解，调和    [rec-on-cile]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - resigned    a.逆来顺受的，顺从的    [re-signed]
 - serene    a.清澈的，晴朗的，安静的    [se-rene]
 - snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]

***** discontent 832

 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 - croak    n.蛙鸣声；v.发牢骚，抱怨    [croak]
 - disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 - disgruntle    v.使不满意    [dis-grun-tle]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 - dissident    n.唱反调者    [dis-si-dent]
 - exacting    a.苛求的；要求严格的    [ex-act-ing]
 - exigent    a.需要立即采取行动的    [ex-i-gent]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - grumble    v.喃喃诉苦，发怨言    [grum-ble]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 + lament    v./n.悲伤；哀悼    [la-ment]
 - malcontent    a.不满的；n.不满分子，反抗者    [mal-con-tent]
 - mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - mortify    v.使屈辱，使痛心    [mor-ti-fy]
 - repine    v.不满，心中抱怨    [re-pine]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]

***** regret 833

 + deplore    v.悲悼，哀叹    [de-plore]
 + nostalgia    n.怀旧之情    [nos-tal-gia]
 - repine    v.不满，心中抱怨    [re-pine]
 - rue    n.后悔，遗憾    [rue]

***** relief 834

 - allay    v.减轻，缓和    [al-lay]
 - alleviate    v.缓和，减轻    [al-le-vi-ate]
 - analgesia    n.无痛觉，痛觉丧失    [an-al-ge-si-a]
 - assuage    v.缓和，减轻    [as-suage]
 - balmy    a.(气候)温和的；芳香的    [balm-y]
 - console    v.安慰，抚慰    [con-sole]
 - cushion    n.坐垫；v.缓冲    [cush-ion]
 - enliven    v.使…更活跃    [en-liv-en]
 - foment    v.煽动，助长(坏事)    [fo-ment]
 - invigorate    v.鼓舞，激励    [in-vig-or-ate]
 - lubricant    n.润滑剂    [lu-bri-cant]
 - lullaby    n.摇篮曲    [lull-a-by]
 - mitigate    v.减轻，缓和    [mit-i-gate]
 - palliate    v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)    [pal-li-ate]
 - palliative    n.缓释剂；a.减轻的，缓和的    [pal-li-a-tive]
 - refresh    v.消除…的疲劳，使精神振作    [re-fresh]
 + relieved    a.宽慰的，如释重负的    [re-lieved]
 - salve    n.药膏；v.减轻，缓和    [sal-ve]
 - solace    n.安慰，慰藉    [sol-ace]
 - soothe    v.抚慰；减轻    [soothe]

***** aggravation 835

 - aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 - enrage    v.激怒，触怒    [en-rage]
 - exacerbate    v.加重，恶化    [ex-ac-er-bate]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - exasperate    v.激怒，使恼怒    [ex-as-per-ate]
 - tease    v.逗乐，戏弄；强求；n.揶揄，戏弄，取笑    [tease]

***** cheerfulness 836

 - alacrity    n.乐意，欣然；敏捷，活泼    [a-lac-ri-ty]
 - animate    a.活的，有生命的；v.赋予生命    [an-i-mate]
 - animated    a.活泼的，生动的    [an-i-mat-ed]
 - animation    n.活泼，有生气；卡通制作    [an-i-ma-tion]
 + blithe    a.快乐的，无忧无虑的    [blithe]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 - carol    n.赞美诗，颂歌；v.欢唱    [car-ol]
 - coltish    a.似小马的；不受拘束的    [colt-ish]
 + elated    a.得意洋洋的，振奋的    [e-lat-ed]
 - enliven    v.使…更活跃    [en-liv-en]
 + exhilarate    v.使高兴    [ex-hil-a-rate]
 + exhilaration    n.高兴，活跃    [ex-hil-a-ra-tion]
 - frisky    a.活泼的，快活的    [frisk-y]
 + hilarious    a.充满欢乐的；引起大笑的    [hi-lar-i-ous]
 + jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 + jocular    a.滑稽的，诙谐的；嬉戏的    [joc-u-lar]
 + jocund    a.快乐的，高兴的    [joc-und]
 + jovial    a.愉快的    [jo-vi-al]
 - levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 + mirth    n.欢乐，欢笑    [mirth]
 - optimism    n.乐观主义    [op-ti-mism]
 - palmy    a.繁荣的；棕榈的    [palm-y]
 - perky    a.神气的；活泼的    [perk-y]
 + rejoice    v.喜欢，高兴    [re-joice]
 + sprightly    a.愉快的，活泼的    [spright-ly]
 - vivacious    a.活泼的，快活的    [vi-va-cious]
 + waggish    a.诙谐的，滑稽的    [wag-gish]
 - winsome    a.媚人的，漂亮的    [win-some]

***** dejection 837

 - affliction    n.悲痛，受难的起因    [af-flic-tion]
 - careworn    a.受忧虑折磨的，饱经风霜的    [care-worn]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 + defeatist    n.失败主义者    [de-feat-ist]
 + dejected    a.沮丧的，失望的    [de-ject-ed]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - despondent    a.失望的，意气消沉的    [de-spond-ent]
 - dismal    a.使人悲伤的，阴沉的    [dis-mal]
 + doldrums    n.赤道无风带；情绪低落    [dol-drums]
 + doleful    a.忧愁的，消沉的    [dole-ful]
 - dreary    a.沉闷的，乏味的    [drear-y]
 - droop    v.低垂；沮丧，萎靡    [droop]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - gloom    n.黑暗；忧郁    [gloom]
 - gloomy    a.阴暗的；没有希望的；阴郁的    [gloom-y]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - gravity    n.严肃，正经    [grav-i-ty]
 - grieve    v.使某人极为悲伤    [grieve]
 - grim    a.冷酷的，可怕的    [grim]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - jaundiced    a.有偏见的    [jaun-diced]
 + lachrymose    a.好流泪的；引人落泪的    [lach-ry-mose]
 - lackadaisical    a.无精打采的；无兴趣的    [lack-a-dai-si-cal]
 - melancholy    a.忧郁的；令人悲伤的    [mel-an-chol-y]
 - mourn    v.哀悼，哀伤    [mourn]
 - mournful    a.悲伤的    [mourn-ful]
 - murky    a.黑暗的；朦胧的    [murk-y]
 - pessimism    n.悲观；悲观主义    [pes-si-mism]
 - pine    n.松树；v.(因疾病等)憔悴；渴望    [pine]
 - plangent    a.轰鸣的；悲哀的    [plan-gent]
 - pout    v.噘嘴，板脸    [pout]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - repine    v.不满，心中抱怨    [re-pine]
 - sadden    v.使伤心，使悲哀    [sad-den]
 + saturnine    a.忧郁的，阴沉的    [sat-ur-nine]
 - sedate    a.镇静的    [se-date]
 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - solemnity    n.庄严，肃穆    [so-lem-ni-ty]
 - somber    a.忧郁的；阴暗的    [som-ber]
 + spleen    n.怨怒    [spleen]
 - staid    a.稳重的，沉着的    [staid]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - sullen    a.忧郁的    [sul-len]
 - wan    a.虚弱的；病态的    [wan]
 - weary    a.疲劳的，令人厌倦的；v.厌烦    [wea-ry]
 - yearn    v.盼望，渴望    [yearn]

***** rejoicing 838

 - carol    n.赞美诗，颂歌；v.欢唱    [car-ol]
 - elated    a.得意洋洋的，振奋的    [e-lat-ed]
 + exult    v.欢腾，喜悦    [ex-ult]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 + grin    v.露齿而笑    [grin]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 + jubilation    n.欢快，欢庆    [ju-bi-la-tion]
 + paean    n.赞美歌，颂歌    [pae-an]
 - rejoice    v.喜欢，高兴    [re-joice]
 + simper    v.痴笑，傻笑    [sim-per]
 + smirk    v.假笑，得意地笑    [smirk]
 - triumph    v./n.凯旋，胜利，欢欣    [tri-umph]

***** lamentation 839

 - clamor    v./n.吵闹，喧哗    [clam-or]
 - croak    n.蛙鸣声；v.发牢骚，抱怨    [croak]
 - cypress    n.柏树    [cy-press]
 - deplore    v.悲悼，哀叹    [de-plore]
 - deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 - dirge    n.哀歌    [dirge]
 - elegy    n.哀歌，挽歌    [el-e-gy]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - grieve    v.使某人极为悲伤    [grieve]
 - groan    v./n.呻吟，叹息    [groan]
 - grumble    v.喃喃诉苦，发怨言    [grum-ble]
 - lachrymose    a.好流泪的；引人落泪的    [lach-ry-mose]
 - lament    v./n.悲伤；哀悼    [la-ment]
 - moan    v./n.(痛苦地/的)呻吟；(不满地/的)抱怨    [moan]
 - mourn    v.哀悼，哀伤    [mourn]
 - mournful    a.悲伤的    [mourn-ful]
 - murmur    v.柔声地说，喃喃而言    [mur-mur]
 - mutter    v.咕哝，嘀咕    [mut-ter]
 + plaintive    a.可怜的，伤心的    [plain-tive]
 + querulous    a.抱怨的，多牢骚的    [quer-u-lous]
 + scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 - whine    v.哀号，号哭    [whine]
 + willow    n.柳树    [wil-low]

***** amusement 840

 - amuse    v.使愉快，逗某人笑    [a-muse]
 + antic    a.古怪的    [an-tic]
 - ballerina    n.芭蕾舞女演员    [bal-le-ri-na]
 - banquet    n.宴会，盛宴    [ban-quet]
 - boggle    v.畏缩不前；使退缩    [bog-gle]
 - bout    n.一回合，一阵    [bout]
 + brag    v.吹嘘    [brag]
 - brawl    v./n.争吵，打架    [brawl]
 - bust    n.半身(雕)像    [bust]
 - carouse    n.狂饮寻乐    [ca-rouse]
 - cavort    v.腾越，欢跃    [ca-vort]
 - chuckle    v.轻声地笑    [chuck-le]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - dally    v.闲荡，嬉戏    [dal-ly]
 - divert    v.使某事物转向；使娱乐    [di-vert]
 - dummy    n.人体模型，假人    [dum-my]
 - enliven    v.使…更活跃    [en-liv-en]
 + festive    a.欢乐的    [fes-tive]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 + gambol    n./v.雀跃；嬉戏    [gam-bol]
 + giggle    v.咯咯笑    [gig-gle]
 - grin    v.露齿而笑    [grin]
 + guffaw    n./v.哄笑，大笑    [guf-faw]
 - hilarious    a.充满欢乐的；引起大笑的    [hi-lar-i-ous]
 - jocund    a.快乐的，高兴的    [joc-und]
 - jovial    a.愉快的    [jo-vi-al]
 - knave    n.流氓，恶棍    [knave]
 - lark    n./v.玩乐，嬉耍    [lark]
 - lottery    n.彩票，抽彩给奖法    [lot-ter-y]
 - masquerade    n.化装舞会；v.伪装    [mas-quer-ade]
 - minuet    n.小步舞    [min-u-et]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 - monopoly    n.专利权，垄断    [mo-nop-o-ly]
 - prank    n.恶作剧，玩笑    [prank]
 - pugilism    n.拳击，搏击    [pu-gi-lism]
 - quirk    n.奇事；怪癖    [quirk]
 - reel    n.卷轴，旋转；v.卷…于轴上    [reel]
 - regale    v.款待；使…享受    [re-gale]
 - rejoice    v.喜欢，高兴    [re-joice]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 + revelry    n.狂欢    [rev-el-ry]
 - reverse    n.反面；相反；v.倒车；反转    [re-verse]
 - rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 - sideshow    n.杂耍，穿插表演    [side-show]
 - simper    v.痴笑，傻笑    [sim-per]
 - smirk    v.假笑，得意地笑    [smirk]
 - solace    n.安慰，慰藉    [sol-ace]
 - split    n./v.分裂，裂开    [split]
 - sport    v.炫耀，卖弄    [sport]
 - stroll    v.漫步，闲逛    [stroll]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 - tag    n.鞋带；附属物，标签    [tag]
 + tango    n.探戈舞    [tan-go]
 - tear    v.撕裂    [tear]
 - tournament    n.比赛；(旧时)骑士比武大会    [tour-na-ment]
 - toy    v.不认真考虑，玩弄    [toy]
 - uproarious    a.骚动的，喧嚣的；令人捧腹的    [up-roar-i-ous]
 - vagary    n.奇想，异想天开    [va-gar-y]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

***** weariness 841

 - arid    a.干旱的；枯燥的    [ar-id]
 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 - boredom    n.厌烦；令人厌烦的事物    [bore-dom]
 - disgust    n.反感，厌恶    [dis-gust]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - ennui    n.倦怠，无聊；v.使无聊    [en-nui]
 - flagging    a.下垂的；衰弱的    [flag-ging]
 + humdrum    a.单调的，乏味的    [hum-drum]
 - irksome    a.令人苦恼的，讨厌的    [irk-some]
 - lassitude    n.无力；没精打采    [las-si-tude]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - monotony    n.单调，千篇一律    [mo-not-o-ny]
 + nausea    n.作呕，恶心    [nau-se-a]
 - nauseate    v.使作呕，使厌恶    [nau-se-ate]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - soporific    a.催眠的；n.安眠药    [sop-o-rif-ic]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 + tedious    a.冗长的，沉闷的    [te-di-ous]
 + tedium    n.单调乏味    [te-di-um]
 - tire    n.轮胎(tyre)；v.疲劳    [tire]
 - wearisome    a.使人感到疲倦或厌倦的    [wea-ri-some]
 - weary    a.疲劳的，令人厌倦的；v.厌烦    [wea-ry]
 - yawn    v.打呵欠    [yawn]

***** wit 842

 - anagram    n.变形词    [an-a-gram]
 + badinage    n.开玩笑，打趣    [bad-i-nage]
 + banter    n.打趣，玩笑    [ban-ter]
 - comic    a.可笑的；喜剧的；n.喜剧演员    [com-ic]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 - conundrum    n.(答案有双关意义的)谜语；难题    [co-nun-drum]
 + epigram    n.讽刺短句，警句    [ep-i-gram]
 + facetious    a.轻浮的，好开玩笑的    [fa-ce-tious]
 - farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - jest    v./n.说笑，玩笑    [jest]
 + jibe    v.与…一致，符合    [jibe]
 - jocular    a.滑稽的，诙谐的；嬉戏的    [joc-u-lar]
 - levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 + puckish    a.淘气的    [puckish]
 - pun    n.双关语    [pun]
 - quibble    n.遁词；吹毛求疵的反对意见    [quib-ble]
 - quirk    n.奇事；怪癖    [quirk]
 - repartee    n.机灵的回答    [rep-ar-tee]
 - retort    v.反驳    [re-tort]
 - ridicule    n.奚落；v.嘲笑    [rid-i-cule]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - sprightly    a.愉快的，活泼的    [spright-ly]
 - waggish    a.诙谐的，滑稽的    [wag-gish]
 - whim    n.多变，怪念头    [whim]
 - whimsical    a.古怪的，异想天开的    [whim-si-cal]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]
 + witticism    n.妙语，俏皮话    [wit-ti-cism]

***** dullness 843

 - banal    a.陈腐的    [ba-nal]
 - boring    a.无趣的，乏味的    [bor-ing]
 - commonplace    a.平常的    [com-mon-place]
 - damp    v.减弱，制止振动；a.潮湿的    [damp]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - humdrum    a.单调的，乏味的    [hum-drum]
 - insipid    a.乏味的，枯燥的    [in-sip-id]
 - monotonous    a.单调的，无聊的    [mo-not-o-nous]
 - pedestrian    a.徒步的；缺乏想像的；n.行人    [pe-des-tri-an]
 - platitude    n.陈词滥调    [plat-i-tude]
 - prosaic    a.单调的，无趣的    [pro-sa-ic]
 - prose    n.散文    [prose]
 - stodgy    a.乏味的    [stodg-y]
 - stolid    a.无动于衷的    [stol-id]
 - tedious    a.冗长的，沉闷的    [te-di-ous]
 - vapid    a.索然无味的    [vap-id]

***** humorist 844

 - acrobat    n.特技演员，杂技演员    [ac-ro-bat]
 - buffoon    n.演出时的丑角；粗俗而愚蠢的人    [buf-foon]
 - charlatan    n.江湖郎中，骗子    [char-la-tan]
 + clown    n.小丑；v.扮小丑    [clown]
 - comedienne    n.说笑话、演滑稽剧等的女演员    [co-me-di-enne]
 - mime    n.哑剧表演；哑剧(演员)    [mime]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 - spark    n.火花，火星    [spark]
 - wag    v.(狗尾巴等)摆动；n.诙谐幽默者    [wag]
 - wit    n.智力，机智    [wit]

*** 2. Discriminative Affections

***** beauty 845

 - aesthetic    a.美学的，有审美感的    [aes-thet-ic]
 - beam    n.(房屋等)大梁；光线    [beam]
 + blooming    a.有花的；精力旺盛的    [bloom-ing]
 - burnish    v.擦亮，磨光    [bur-nish]
 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 - chrysanthemum    n.菊，菊花    [chry-san-the-mum]
 + comely    a.动人的，美丽的    [come-ly]
 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 - dapper    a.整洁漂亮的；动作敏捷的    [dap-per]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - gild    v.镀金；虚饰    [gild]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - glossy    a.光泽的，光滑的    [gloss-y]
 - glowing    a.热情赞扬的    [glow-ing]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 - magnificent    a.壮丽的，宏伟的；高尚的    [mag-nif-i-cent]
 + natty    a.整洁的；潇洒的    [nat-ty]
 + personable    a.英俊的，风度好的    [per-son-a-ble]
 - pictorial    a.绘画的；有图片的，用图片表示的    [pic-to-ri-al]
 - plutocracy    n.财阀统治    [plu-toc-ra-cy]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 + pulchritude    n.美丽    [pul-chri-tude]
 - quaint    a.离奇有趣的    [quaint]
 - resplendent    a.华丽的，辉煌的    [re-splend-ent]
 - seemly    a.得体的，适宜的    [seem-ly]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - specious    a.似是而非的；华而不实的    [spe-cious]
 - splendor    n.壮丽；辉煌    [splen-dor]
 - spruce    n.云杉；a.整洁的    [spruce]
 - stunning    a.极富魅力的    [stun-ning]
 - sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]
 + superb    a.上乘的，出色的    [su-perb]
 - surrealism    n.超现实主义    [sur-re-al-ism]
 - symmetry    n.对称；均衡    [sym-me-try]
 - tidy    a.整齐的，整洁的    [tidy]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 - unspotted    a.清白的，无污点的    [un-spot-ted]

***** ugliness 846

 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - bizarre    a.奇异的，古怪的    [bi-zarre]
 - blemish    v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点    [blem-ish]
 - clumsy    a.笨拙的；拙劣的    [clum-sy]
 - deface    v.损坏    [de-face]
 - dingy    a.肮脏的；褪色的    [din-gy]
 - disfigure    v.毁容    [dis-fig-ure]
 - distort    v.扭曲，弄歪    [dis-tort]
 - forbidding    a.(表情)冷峻的；形势险恶的    [for-bid-ding]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - gaudy    a.俗丽的    [gaud-y]
 - grim    a.冷酷的，可怕的    [grim]
 + grisly    a.恐怖的，可怕的    [gris-ly]
 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 + harridan    n.凶恶的老妇，老巫婆    [har-ri-dan]
 - heavy-handedness    n.笨拙，粗劣    [heav-y-hand-ed-ness]
 - hideous    a.讨厌的，丑恶的    [hid-e-ous]
 - marred    a.受伤的；毁坏变形的    [marred]
 - misshapen    a.畸形的，奇形怪状的    [mis-shap-en]
 - odious    a.可憎的，讨厌的    [o-di-ous]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - repugnant    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pug-nant]
 - rickety    a.不牢靠的，摇摇欲坠的    [rick-et-y]
 - soil    n./v.弄脏，污损    [soil]
 - specter    n.鬼魂，幽灵；恐惧    [spec-ter]
 - squalid    a.污秽的，肮脏的    [squal-id]
 - squalor    n.不洁，污秽    [squal-or]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 + ugly    a.难看的，可怕的    [ug-ly]
 + uncanny    a.神秘的，不可思议的    [un-can-ny]
 - uncouth    a.粗野笨拙的    [un-couth]
 + ungainly    a.笨拙的    [un-gain-ly]
 + unprepossessing    a.不吸引人的    [un-pre-pos-sess-ing]
 - unseemly    a.不适当的，不宜的    [un-seem-ly]
 - unwieldy    a.笨重的，笨拙的    [un-wield-y]

***** ornament 847

 + adorn    v.装饰    [a-dorn]
 + arabesque    n.蔓藤图饰    [ar-a-besque]
 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 + bedeck    v.装饰，修饰    [be-deck]
 - blush    v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕    [blush]
 - bouquet    n.花束；芳香    [bou-quet]
 - chase    v.雕镂；追捕    [chase]
 - crochet    n.钩针织物；v.用钩针编织    [cro-chet]
 + decorate    v.装饰某事物    [dec-o-rate]
 + embellish    v.装饰，润饰    [em-bel-lish]
 - emboss    v.加浮雕花纹于，使凸出    [em-boss]
 - embroider    v.刺绣，修饰    [em-broi-der]
 - enamel    n.珐琅，瓷釉    [e-nam-el]
 - epaulet    n.肩章，肩饰    [ep-au-let]
 - fig    n.无花果；一点儿    [fig]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - fringe    n.(窗帘等)须边；边缘    [fringe]
 - garish    a.俗丽的，过于艳丽的    [gar-ish]
 - garnish    v.装饰    [gar-nish]
 - gaudy    a.俗丽的    [gaud-y]
 - gild    v.镀金；虚饰    [gild]
 - grain    n.谷物；小的硬粒    [grain]
 - illuminate    v.阐明，解释；照亮    [il-lu-mi-nate]
 - illustrate    v.为…作插图或图表；说明，阐明    [il-lus-trate]
 - lace    n.鞋带，系带；网眼花边，透孔织品    [lace]
 + molding    n.装饰线条；铸造物    [mold-ing]
 - ornate    a.华美的；充满装饰的    [or-nate]
 - panache    n.羽饰；炫耀    [pa-nache]
 - plume    n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛；搔首弄姿    [plume]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 - prank    n.恶作剧，玩笑    [prank]
 - preen    v.整理羽毛；(人)打扮修饰    [preen]
 - primp    v.(妇女)刻意打扮    [primp]
 - smart    n.痛苦；a.时髦的；聪明的    [smart]
 - tapestry    n.挂毯    [tap-es-try]
 - texture    n.质地；结构    [tex-ture]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 - understate    v.掩饰地说，轻描淡写地说    [un-der-state]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]
 - veneer    n.(镶于劣质东西上的)镶面板；外表    [ve-neer]
 + well-groomed    a.非常整洁的    [well-groomed]
 - zigzag    n./a.之字形(的)；v.弯弯曲曲地行进    [zig-zag]

***** jewelry 847.a

 - bracelet    n.手镯，臂镯    [brace-let]
 - broach    v.开瓶；提出(讨论)    [broach]
 + earring    n.耳环，耳饰    [ear-ring]
 - gem    n.宝石，珠宝；精华    [gem]
 - rhinestone    n.水晶石，莱茵石    [rhine-stone]
 - sapphire    n.青石，蓝宝石；a.天蓝色的    [sap-phire]
 + torque    n.转矩；项圈    [torque]
 - trinket    n.小装饰品；不值钱的珠宝    [trin-ket]
 - turquoise    n.绿松石；a.碧绿的    [tur-quoise]

***** blemish 848

 - blemish    v.损害；玷污；n.瑕疵，缺点    [blem-ish]
 - blotch    n.(皮肤上的)红斑点；(墨水等)大斑点    [blotch]
 - blur    n.模糊不清的事物；v.使…模糊    [blur]
 - defect    n.缺点，瑕疵；v.变节，脱党    [de-fect]
 - delimit    v.定界，划界    [de-lim-it]
 - disfigure    v.毁容    [dis-fig-ure]
 - flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 + freckle    n.雀斑，斑点    [freck-le]
 - patch    n.补丁；一小片(土地)    [patch]
 - smudge    n.渍痕；v.弄脏    [smudge]
 - speck    n.斑点；少量    [speck]
 - stain    v.玷污；染色    [stain]
 - tarnish    n./v.失去光泽，晦暗    [tar-nish]

***** simplicity 849

 - bare    v.暴露；a.赤裸的    [bare]
 - chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - dull    a.不鲜明的；迟钝的；v.变迟钝    [dull]
 - ingenuous    a.纯朴的，单纯的    [in-gen-u-ous]
 - plain    a.简单的；清楚的；n.平原    [plain]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - sincere    a.诚实的，正直的；真挚的，纯净的    [sin-cere]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]

***** taste 850

 - aesthete    n.审美家    [aes-thete]
 - aesthetic    a.美学的，有审美感的    [aes-thet-ic]
 - amateur    n.业余爱好者    [am-a-teur]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 - chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - connoisseur    n.鉴赏家，行家    [con-nois-seur]
 - critic    n.批评者    [crit-ic]
 + cultivated    a.耕种的，栽植的；有修养的    [cul-ti-vat-ed]
 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - dilettante    n.半瓶醋，业余爱好者    [dil-et-tan-te]
 - discriminate    v.区分    [dis-crim-i-nate]
 - finesse    n.技巧；计谋；手段    [fi-nesse]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - gust    n.阵风；一阵(情绪)    [gust]
 - maven    n.专家，内行    [ma-ven]
 - nicety    n.准确，精确    [ni-ce-ty]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 - sensitization    n.敏化    [sen-si-ti-za-tion]
 - tact    n.机智；圆滑    [tact]
 - tasty    a.味道好的    [tast-y]
 - unaffected    a.自然的，不矫揉造作的    [un-af-fect-ed]
 - understated    a.不完全陈述的，轻描淡写的    [un-der-stat-ed]
 + virtuoso    n.演艺精湛的人    [vir-tu-o-so]

***** vulgarity 851

 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - barbarous    a.野蛮的；残暴的    [bar-ba-rous]
 + baroque    n./a.(艺术、建筑等)过分雕琢(的)    [ba-roque]
 - clown    n.小丑；v.扮小丑    [clown]
 - coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 - cub    n.幼兽；年轻无经验的人    [cub]
 - doggerel    n.歪诗，打油诗    [dog-ger-el]
 + gaucherie    n.笨拙    [gau-che-rie]
 - gaudy    a.俗丽的    [gaud-y]
 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 - meretricious    a.华而不实的，俗艳的    [mer-e-tri-cious]
 - obsolete    a.废弃的；过时的    [ob-so-lete]
 - outlandish    a.古怪的    [out-land-ish]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 - philistine    n.庸人，市侩    [philistine]
 - provincial    a.偏狭的，粗俗的    [pro-vin-cial]
 + ribald    a.下流的，粗鄙的    [rib-ald]
 - rustic    a.乡村的，乡土气的    [rus-tic]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 + snobbish    a.势利眼的；假充绅士的    [snob-bish]
 + tawdry    a.华而不实的，俗丽的    [taw-dry]
 - torrential    a.奔流的，洪流的    [tor-ren-tial]
 - uncouth    a.粗野笨拙的    [un-couth]
 - unkempt    a.(衣服、头发)不整洁的    [un-kempt]
 - unseemly    a.不适当的，不宜的    [un-seem-ly]
 - untutored    a.未经教育的    [un-tu-tored]
 + vulgar    a.无教养的    [vul-gar]

***** fashion 852

 + civil    a.国内的；公民的；文明的    [civ-il]
 - conventional    a.因循守旧的，传统的    [con-ven-tion-al]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 + decorum    n.礼节，礼貌    [de-co-rum]
 - elite    n.精华，中坚    [e-lite]
 - etiquette    n.礼仪；礼节    [et-i-quette]
 - fad    n.(流行一时的)狂热，时尚    [fad]
 + faddish    a.流行一时的，时尚的    [fad-dish]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 + formality    n.遵循的规范；拘泥形式；正式    [for-mal-i-ty]
 + genteel    a.上流社会的；装作彬彬有礼的    [gen-teel]
 - jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 - mode    n.样式，时尚；模式    [mode]
 + modish    a.时髦的    [mod-ish]
 - mores    n.风俗习惯，道德观念    [mo-res]
 - propriety    n.礼节；适当    [pro-pri-e-ty]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - trend    v./n.趋势，倾向    [trend]
 - vogue    n.时髦，时尚；a.流行的    [vogue]

***** ridiculousness 853

 - anticlimax    n.令人扫兴的结局    [an-ti-cli-max]
 - awkward    a.笨拙的；难用的；不便的    [awk-ward]
 - baroque    n./a.(艺术、建筑等)过分雕琢(的)    [ba-roque]
 - bizarre    a.奇异的，古怪的    [bi-zarre]
 - bombast    n.高调，夸大之辞    [bom-bast]
 - bombastic    a.夸夸其谈的    [bom-bas-tic]
 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 - contemptible    a.令人轻视的    [con-tempt-i-ble]
 - deviant    a.越出常规的    [de-vi-ant]
 - doggerel    n.歪诗，打油诗    [dog-ger-el]
 + droll    a.古怪的，好笑的    [droll]
 - eccentric    a.古怪的，反常的；n.古怪的人    [ec-cen-tric]
 - extravagance    n.奢侈，挥霍    [ex-trav-a-gance]
 - farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 + ludicrous    a.荒唐可笑的    [lu-di-crous]
 - offbeat    a.不规则的，不平常的    [off-beat]
 - outlandish    a.古怪的    [out-land-ish]
 - preposterous    a.荒谬的    [pre-pos-ter-ous]
 - quaint    a.离奇有趣的    [quaint]
 - stilted    a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的    [stilt-ed]
 - whimsical    a.古怪的，异想天开的    [whim-si-cal]

***** fop 854

 - blade    n.刀锋，刀口    [blade]
 - buck    v.反对；n.雄鹿；雄兔    [buck]
 - dandy    n.花花公子，好打扮的人    [dan-dy]
 - exquisite    a.精致的；近乎完美的    [ex-qui-site]
 - flirt    v.挑逗，调戏    [flirt]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]

***** affectation 855

 + affectation    n.做作，虚假    [af-fec-ta-tion]
 - affected    a.不自然的；假装的    [af-fect-ed]
 - artificial    a.人造的，假的    [ar-ti-fi-cial]
 + boast    v./n.自夸    [boast]
 - charlatan    n.江湖郎中，骗子    [char-la-tan]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 - conformist    n.尊奉者，英国国教徒    [con-form-ist]
 - doctrinaire    n.空论家；a.教条的，迂腐的    [doc-tri-naire]
 + foppish    a.浮华的，俗丽的    [fop-pish]
 - formality    n.遵循的规范；拘泥形式；正式    [for-mal-i-ty]
 - grimace    v./n.做鬼脸，面部歪扭    [gri-mace]
 - mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 - overwrought    a.紧张过度的    [o-ver-wrought]
 - pedagogue    n.教师，教育者    [ped-a-gogue]
 - pedant    n.迂腐之人，书呆子    [ped-ant]
 - pose    v.摆姿势；造作    [pose]
 - pretension    n.自命不凡，夸耀    [pre-ten-sion]
 + pretentious    a.自抬身价的    [pre-ten-tious]
 + prim    a.端庄的，整洁的    [prim]
 + prude    n.过分守礼的人    [prude]
 + prudish    a.过分守礼的，假道学的    [prud-ish]
 - simper    v.痴笑，傻笑    [sim-per]
 + smug    a.自满的，自命不凡的    [smug]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - stilted    a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的    [stilt-ed]

***** ridicule 856

 - badinage    n.开玩笑，打趣    [bad-i-nage]
 - banter    n.打趣，玩笑    [ban-ter]
 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 - caricature    n.讽刺画；滑稽模仿    [car-i-ca-ture]
 - chaff    n.谷物的皮壳，米糠    [chaff]
 + contempt    轻视，鄙视    [con-tempt]
 + deride    v.嘲弄，愚弄    [de-ride]
 - farce    n.闹剧；荒谬胡闹    [farce]
 - grin    v.露齿而笑    [grin]
 + ironic    a.挖苦的；出乎意料的    [i-ron-ic]
 - irony    n.反话    [i-ro-ny]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 - parody    n.模仿性嘲弄文章或表演；拙劣的模仿    [par-o-dy]
 + persiflage    n.挖苦，嘲弄    [per-si-flage]
 - rally    v.召集，集会；n.召集；集会    [ral-ly]
 - ridicule    n.奚落；v.嘲笑    [rid-i-cule]
 + sarcastic    a.讽刺的    [sar-cas-tic]
 + satire    n.讽刺(作品)    [sat-ire]
 + satirize    v.讽刺    [sat-i-rize]
 + scoff    v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄    [scoff]
 + scorn    n.轻蔑；v.轻蔑，瞧不起    [scorn]
 + scurrilous    a.下流的    [scur-ril-ous]
 + skit    n.幽默讽刺短剧    [skit]
 - tease    v.逗乐，戏弄；强求；n.揶揄，戏弄，取笑    [tease]
 - travesty    v./n.歪曲模仿，曲解    [trav-es-ty]

***** laughingstock 857

 - buffoon    n.演出时的丑角；粗俗而愚蠢的人    [buf-foon]
 - butt    v.用头抵撞，顶撞；n.粗大的一端；烟蒂    [butt]
 - jest    v./n.说笑，玩笑    [jest]
 - original    a.最初的，原始的；有创意的    [o-rig-i-nal]

*** 3. Prospective Affections

***** hope 858

 - anchor    v.稳固；固定n.锚    [an-chor]
 - anticipate    v.预期，期待    [an-tic-i-pate]
 + aspiration    n.抱负，热望    [as-pi-ra-tion]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 - assure    v.向某人保证，确信    [as-sure]
 - auspicious    a.幸运的；吉兆的    [aus-pi-cious]
 - buoyant    a.有浮力的；快乐的    [buoy-ant]
 + confide    v.信赖，倾诉    [con-fide]
 - confidence    n.信任，自信，信心    [con-fi-dence]
 - elated    a.得意洋洋的，振奋的    [e-lat-ed]
 + embolden    v.鼓励    [em-bold-en]
 - extrovert    n.性格外向者    [ex-tro-vert]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - mirage    n.幻影，海市蜃楼    [mi-rage]
 - optimism    n.乐观主义    [op-ti-mism]
 + optimist    n.乐观主义者    [op-ti-mist]
 - presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - propitious    a.吉利的；顺利的    [pro-pi-tious]
 - reliance    n.信赖，信任    [re-li-ance]
 - sanguine    a.乐观的    [san-guine]
 - secure    a.安全的；稳固的；v.固定；使安全    [se-cure]
 - utopian    a.乌托邦式的，梦想的    [utopian]

***** hopelessness 859

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 - depression    n.忧愁，消沉；数量减少    [de-pres-sion]
 - desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 - disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 - falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 + irredeemable    a.无法挽回的    [ir-re-deem-a-ble]
 - irremediable    a.无法治愈的，无法纠正的    [ir-re-me-di-a-ble]
 - irrevocable    a.无法取消的    [ir-rev-o-ca-ble]
 - nonviable    a.无法生存的    [non-vi-a-ble]
 - pessimism    n.悲观；悲观主义    [pes-si-mism]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]
 - surrender    v.投降；放弃；归还    [sur-ren-der]

***** fear 860

 + abash    v.使害羞，使尴尬    [a-bash]
 - appall    v.使惊骇，使恐怖    [ap-pall]
 - apprehend    v.逮捕；恐惧    [ap-pre-hend]
 + apprehensive    a.害怕的；有眼力的    [ap-pre-hen-sive]
 - aspen    n.白杨    [as-pen]
 - astound    v.使震惊    [a-stound]
 + awe    n./v.敬畏    [awe]
 + awe-inspiring    a.令人敬畏的    [awe-in-spir-ing]
 + browbeat    v.欺侮；吓唬    [brow-beat]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 + consternation    n.大为吃惊，惊骇    [con-ster-na-tion]
 - cow    v.威胁    [cow]
 - cower    v.畏缩，蜷缩    [cow-er]
 + coy    a.腼腆的，忸怩的    [coy]
 - crouch    v.蹲伏，弯腰    [crouch]
 + daunt    v.使胆怯，使畏缩    [daunt]
 - deter    v.威慑，吓住；阻止    [de-ter]
 + diffident    a.缺乏自信的    [dif-fi-dent]
 - dire    a.可怕的    [dire]
 + dismay    n.沮丧，气馁；v.使气馁    [dis-may]
 - falter    v.摇晃，蹒跚；支吾地说    [fal-ter]
 - faze    v.使…狼狈，折磨    [faze]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 - flinch    v.畏缩，退缩    [flinch]
 - flutter    v.拍翅    [flut-ter]
 - formidable    a.可怕的；困难的    [for-mi-da-ble]
 - haunt    v.常去；鬼魂出没；(事情)萦绕心头；n.常去的地方    [haunt]
 - horrific    a.可怕的    [hor-rif-ic]
 + intimidate    v.恐吓；胁迫    [in-tim-i-date]
 - macabre    a.骇人的，可怖的    [ma-ca-bre]
 - misgiving    n.担心，疑虑    [mis-giv-ing]
 - nightmare    n.恶梦；可怕的事    [night-mare]
 + panic    a.恐慌的；n.恐慌，惊惶    [pan-ic]
 - perilous    a.危险的，冒险的    [per-i-lous]
 - petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - portentous    a.凶兆的，有危险的    [por-ten-tous]
 + pusillanimous    a.胆小的    [pu-sil-lan-i-mous]
 + quail    v.畏惧，颤抖    [quail]
 - qualms    n.疑虑(尤指有关良心问题的)    [qualms]
 - quaver    v.发颤音，颤抖；n.颤音    [qua-ver]
 - quiver    n.箭筒，箭囊    [quiv-er]
 + redoubtable    a.可敬畏的    [re-doubt-a-ble]
 - restless    a.不停的；不安静的    [rest-less]
 - shrink    v.收缩，皱缩    [shrink]
 - shudder    v./n.战栗，发抖    [shud-der]
 - solicitude    n.关怀，牵挂    [so-lic-i-tude]
 - startle    v.使吃惊    [star-tle]
 - suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]
 - timid    a.胆怯的    [tim-id]
 - timidity    n.胆怯    [ti-mid-i-ty]
 + timorous    a.胆小的，胆怯的    [tim-or-ous]
 - tremendous    a.惊人的；巨大的    [tre-men-dous]
 - tremor    n.震动，地震    [trem-or]
 - trepidation    n.恐惧，惶恐    [trep-i-da-tion]
 - weasel    n.黄鼠狼，鼬；v.逃避    [wea-sel]
 - wince    v.避开，畏缩    [wince]

***** courage 861

 + audacious    a.大胆的；愚勇的    [au-da-cious]
 + brassy    a.厚脸皮的，无礼的    [brass-y]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - chivalrous    a.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的    [chiv-al-rous]
 - confidence    n.信任，自信，信心    [con-fi-dence]
 - defiance    n.挑战，违抗，反抗    [de-fi-ance]
 - defy    v.违抗，藐视    [de-fy]
 - dogged    a.顽强的    [dog-ged]
 - embolden    v.鼓励    [em-bold-en]
 - exploit    v.剥削；开发利用；n.英勇行为    [ex-ploit]
 - feat    n.功绩，壮举    [feat]
 - fortitude    n.坚毅，坚韧不拔    [for-ti-tude]
 + gallant    a.勇敢的；(向女人)献殷勤的    [gal-lant]
 - hardy    a.耐寒的；强壮的    [har-dy]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 + intrepid    a.无畏的，刚毅的    [in-trep-id]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - mettle    n.勇气，斗志    [met-tle]
 - mettlesome    a.精神抖擞的    [met-tle-some]
 - nerve    n.勇气；v.给予力量或勇气    [nerve]
 + panther    n.黑豹    [pan-ther]
 - pluck    n.在困难面前足智多谋的勇气，胆量；精力；v.拔毛；弹拉    [pluck]
 + prowess    n.勇敢；不凡的能力    [prow-ess]
 - pugnacious    a.好斗的    [pug-na-cious]
 - rally    v.召集，集会；n.召集；集会    [ral-ly]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 - stout    a.肥胖的；强壮的    [stout]
 + valiant    a.勇敢的，英勇的    [val-iant]
 + valorous    a.勇敢的    [val-or-ous]

***** cowardice 862

 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 + coward    n.胆小鬼    [cow-ard]
 - cower    v.畏缩，蜷缩    [cow-er]
 - craven    a.懦弱的，畏缩的    [cra-ven]
 - flinch    v.畏缩，退缩    [flinch]
 - invertebrate    adj./n.无脊椎的(动物)    [in-ver-te-brate]
 - pusillanimous    a.胆小的    [pu-sil-lan-i-mous]
 - quail    v.畏惧，颤抖    [quail]
 + sneaking    a.秘密的，不公开的    [sneak-ing]
 - timid    a.胆怯的    [tim-id]
 - timidity    n.胆怯    [ti-mid-i-ty]
 - timorous    a.胆小的，胆怯的    [tim-or-ous]

***** rashness 863

 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - cavalier    >n.骑士，武士    [cav-a-lier]
 + daredevil    a./n.胆大的(人)，冒失的(人)    [dare-dev-il]
 - desperate    a.不顾死活的，拼命的    [des-per-ate]
 - giddy    a.轻浮的，不严肃的    [gid-dy]
 - headlong    adj./adv.轻率的(地)，迅猛的(地)    [head-long]
 - headstrong    a.刚愎自用的    [head-strong]
 - hubris    n.过分自傲，目中无人    [hu-bris]
 - improvident    a.无远见的，不节俭的    [im-prov-i-dent]
 - imprudent    a.轻率的；不智的    [im-pru-dent]
 - impulsive    a.易冲动的    [im-pul-sive]
 - jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 - levity    n.轻率；轻浮    [lev-i-ty]
 - precipitate    v.加速，促成；a.鲁莽的    [pre-cip-i-tate]
 - precipitation    n.降水(量)    [pre-cip-i-ta-tion]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - quixotic    a.不切实际的，空想的    [quix-ot-ic]
 + temerity    n.鲁莽，大胆    [te-mer-i-ty]

***** caution 864

 - chary    a.小心的，审慎的    [char-y]
 - discreet    a.言行谨慎的    [dis-creet]
 - discretion    n.谨慎，审慎    [dis-cre-tion]
 - foresight    n.远见，深谋远虑    [fore-sight]
 - heed    v.注意，留心；n.关心    [heed]
 - judiciousness    n.明智    [ju-di-cious-ness]
 - noncommittal    a.态度暖味的；不承担义务的    [non-com-mit-tal]
 - prudence    n.谨慎，小心    [pru-dence]
 - prudent    a.审慎的，三思而后行的，精明的    [pru-dent]
 - vigilant    a.机警的，警惕的    [vig-i-lant]
 + wary    a.谨慎的，小心翼翼的    [war-y]

***** desire 865

 + agog    a.兴奋的，有强烈兴趣的    [a-gog]
 - amateur    n.业余爱好者    [am-a-teur]
 - animus    n.敌意，憎恨    [an-i-mus]
 + appetite    n.欲望，食欲，爱好    [ap-pe-tite]
 - appetizing    a.美味可口的，促进食欲的    [ap-pe-tiz-ing]
 - applicant    n.申请人    [ap-pli-cant]
 - ardent    a.热心的，热烈的    [ar-dent]
 - aspirant    n.有抱负者    [as-pir-ant]
 - aspiration    n.抱负，热望    [as-pi-ra-tion]
 - aspire    v.向往，有志于    [as-pire]
 + avid    a.渴望的    [av-id]
 - bent    n.特长，爱好；a.弯曲的    [bent]
 - candidate    n.候选人；参加考试的人    [can-di-date]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - covet    v.贪求，妄想    [cov-et]
 - craving    n.强烈的愿望    [crav-ing]
 - cupidity    n.贪婪    [cu-pid-i-ty]
 - desirable    a.值得要的    [de-sir-a-ble]
 - devotee    n.爱好者    [dev-o-tee]
 - enrage    v.激怒，触怒    [en-rage]
 - fantasy    n.想象，幻想    [fan-ta-sy]
 + hankering    n.渴望    [han-ker-ing]
 + idolater    n.神像(偶像)崇拜者    [i-dol-a-ter]
 - inkling    n.暗示，迹象；略知，模糊概念    [ink-ling]
 - intent    a.专心的，渴望的；n.目的，意向    [in-tent]
 - list    v./n.倾斜    [list]
 + longing    n.渴望    [long-ing]
 - lust    n.强烈的欲望    [lust]
 - mania    n.癫狂；狂热    [ma-ni-a]
 - ogle    v.送秋波；n.媚眼    [o-gle]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 - partiality    n.偏袒，偏心    [par-ti-al-i-ty]
 - penchant    n.爱好，嗜好    [pen-chant]
 - predilection    n.偏袒，爱好    [pre-di-lec-tion]
 - prestige    n.威信，威望，声望    [pres-tige]
 - propensity    n.嗜好，习性    [pro-pen-si-ty]
 - rabid    a.患狂犬病的；失去理性的    [rab-id]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - relish    n.味道；喜好；v.喜好，享受    [rel-ish]
 - sedulous    a.聚精会神的，勤勉的    [sed-u-lous]
 - solicit    v.恳求；教唆    [so-lic-it]
 + solicitous    a.热切的；挂念的    [so-lic-i-tous]
 - solicitude    n.关怀，牵挂    [so-lic-i-tude]
 - stomach    v.吃得下；容忍    [stom-ach]
 - supplicant    n.乞求者，恳求者    [sup-pli-cant]
 - tantalize    v.挑惹，挑逗    [tan-ta-lize]
 - temptation    n.诱惑，诱惑物    [temp-ta-tion]
 + voracity    n.贪婪    [vo-rac-i-ty]
 - votary    n.崇拜者，热心支持者    [vo-ta-ry]
 - want    n.缺乏，贫困，需要    [want]
 - whim    n.多变，怪念头    [whim]
 - whimsy    n.古怪，异想天开    [whimsy]
 - wistful    a.惆怅的，渴望的    [wist-ful]
 + woo    v.向(女人)求爱；争取…的支持    [woo]

***** indifference 866

 - aloof    a.冷淡的，疏远的    [a-loof]
 + anorexia    n.厌食症    [an-o-rex-i-a]
 + disdain    n./v.轻视，鄙视    [dis-dain]
 - frigid    a.寒冷的；死板的    [frig-id]
 - indifferent    a.不感兴趣的，漠不关心的    [in-dif-fer-ent]
 - insipid    a.乏味的，枯燥的    [in-sip-id]
 - insouciant    a.漫不经心的    [in-sou-ci-ant]
 - lackadaisical    a.无精打采的；无兴趣的    [lack-a-dai-si-cal]
 - listless    a.无精打采的    [list-less]
 - lukewarm    a.微温的，不热心的    [luke-warm]
 - nonchalance    n.冷漠，缺少关怀；沉着    [non-cha-lance]
 - offish    a.冷淡的    [of-fish]
 - phlegmatic    a.冷静的，冷淡的    [phleg-mat-ic]
 - underestimated    a.低估的    [underestimated]
 - undesirable    a.令人不悦的，讨厌的    [un-de-sir-a-ble]
 - vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]

***** dislike 867

 + abhor    v.憎恨，嫌恶    [ab-hor]
 - abhorrent    a.可恨的，讨厌的    [ab-hor-rent]
 + abominate    v.痛恨；厌恶    [a-bom-i-nate]
 - adverse    a.不利的，相反的；敌对    [ad-verse]
 - allergy    n.过敏症；厌恶    [al-ler-gy]
 + animosity    n.憎恶，仇恨    [an-i-mos-i-ty]
 + antipathy    n.反感，厌恶    [an-tip-a-thy]
 + aversion    n.嫌恶，憎恨    [a-ver-sion]
 - avoid    v.避开，躲避    [a-void]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 + detest    v.深恶，憎恶    [de-test]
 - disgust    n.反感，厌恶    [dis-gust]
 - eschew    v.避开，戒绝    [es-chew]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 + loathe    v.憎恨，厌恶    [loathe]
 - nausea    n.作呕，恶心    [nau-se-a]
 - nauseate    v.使作呕，使厌恶    [nau-se-ate]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - repugnance    n.嫌恶，反感    [re-pug-nance]
 - repugnant    a.令人厌恶的    [re-pug-nant]
 - shudder    v./n.战栗，发抖    [shud-der]
 - shun    v.避免，闪避    [shun]

***** fastidiousness 868

 - dainty    n.精美食品；a.娇美的；挑剔的    [dain-ty]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 + demanding    a.苛刻的，过分要求的    [de-mand-ing]
 + epicure    n.美食家    [ep-i-cure]
 - exacting    a.苛求的；要求严格的    [ex-act-ing]
 - fastidious    a.难取悦的，挑剔的    [fas-tid-i-ous]
 + finicky    a.苛求的，过分讲究的    [fin-ick-y]
 + gourmet    n.美食家    [gour-met]
 + meticulous    a.细心的，一丝不苟的    [me-tic-u-lous]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 - nicety    n.准确，精确    [ni-ce-ty]
 - particular    n.事实，细节    [par-tic-u-lar]
 - querulous    a.抱怨的，多牢骚的    [quer-u-lous]

***** satiety 869

 - bore    v.钻孔；使厌烦；n.孔；令人厌烦的人    [bore]
 - glut    v./n.过多；供过于求    [glut]
 - gorge    n.峡谷    [gorge]
 - hold    n.(船)货舱    [hold]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - quench    v.熄灭(火)；抑制(欲望)    [quench]
 + sate    v.使心满意足，使厌腻    [sate]
 + satiated    a.；厌倦的，生腻的    [sa-ti-at-ed]
 - saturate    v.浸透；使充满    [sat-u-rate]
 - slake    v.解渴，消渴    [slake]
 - spoil    v.损坏，破坏；溺爱    [spoil]
 - surfeit    n.(食物)过量，过度；v.使过量    [sur-feit]
 - tire    n.轮胎(tyre)；v.疲劳    [tire]

*** 4. Contemplative Affections

***** wonder 870

 + admire    v.钦佩，赞赏    [ad-mire]
 - astound    v.使震惊    [a-stound]
 - awe    n./v.敬畏    [awe]
 - bewilder    v.迷惑，混乱    [be-wil-der]
 - bewildering    a.令人迷惑的；费解的    [bewildering]
 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 - gape    v.裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视    [gape]
 - hem    v.包围；n.袖边，边缘；interj.吞吞吐吐地说    [hem]
 + marvel    v.对…感到惊异；n.奇迹    [mar-vel]
 - petrify    v.石化；吓呆    [pet-ri-fy]
 - phenomenal    a.显著的，非凡的    [phe-nom-e-nal]
 - prodigious    a.巨大的    [pro-di-gious]
 - sensation    n.知觉；轰动(的事)    [sen-sa-tion]
 - startle    v.使吃惊    [star-tle]
 - striking    a.引人注目的，明显的    [strik-ing]
 - stupor    n.昏迷，不醒人事    [stu-por]

***** expectance 871



***** prodigy 872

 - marvel    v.对…感到惊异；n.奇迹    [mar-vel]
 - miracle    n.奇事，奇迹    [mir-a-cle]
 - prodigy    n.奇事；奇才    [prod-i-gy]

*** 5. Extrinsic Affections

***** repute 873

 - aggrandize    v.增大，扩张；吹棒    [ag-gran-dize]
 + approbation    n.称赞，认可    [ap-pro-ba-tion]
 - august    a.威严的，高贵的    [au-gust]
 - blazon    n.纹章，装饰；v.精确描绘    [bla-zon]
 - blurb    n.简介；印在书籍封套上的推荐广告    [blurb]
 - caste    n.社会等级，等级    [caste]
 + celebrated    a.有名的，知名的    [cel-e-brat-ed]
 - celebrity    n.名声；知名人士    [ce-leb-ri-ty]
 - conspicuous    a.显著的，显而易见的    [con-spic-u-ous]
 - constellation    n.星座，星群    [con-stel-la-tion]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 + dedication    n.对某事业或目的的忠诚    [ded-i-ca-tion]
 + deify    v.奉为神；崇拜    [de-i-fy]
 + dignity    n.尊严，尊贵    [dig-ni-ty]
 - distinction    n.区别，差别；知名    [dis-tinc-tion]
 - distinguished    a.著名的，卓越的    [dis-tin-guished]
 - elevate    v.将…举起    [el-e-vate]
 - elite    n.精华，中坚    [e-lite]
 - eminence    n.卓越，杰出    [em-i-nence]
 - eminent    a.著名的，显著的    [em-i-nent]
 - emulate    v.努力赶上或超越    [em-u-late]
 - escalation    n.逐步上升，逐步增强    [es-ca-la-tion]
 - exalt    v.(高度)赞扬，歌颂    [ex-alt]
 - exaltation    n.(成功带来的)得意，高兴    [ex-al-ta-tion]
 - exult    v.欢腾，喜悦    [ex-ult]
 + flaunt    v.炫耀；张扬    [flaunt]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 + full-blown    a.(鲜花)盛开的    [full-blown]
 - galaxy    n.(银河)星群；显赫的人群    [gal-ax-y]
 + grandeur    n.壮丽，伟大    [gran-deur]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 - halo    n.(日、月等)晕，神像之光环    [ha-lo]
 - hierarchy    n.阶层；等级制度    [hi-er-ar-chy]
 - imposing    a.壮丽的，雄伟的    [im-pos-ing]
 - inscribe    v.在某物上写，题    [in-scribe]
 - lionize    v.崇拜，看重    [li-on-ize]
 - majestic    a.雄伟的，庄严的    [ma-jes-tic]
 - notable    a.明显的，出众的，重要的    [no-ta-ble]
 - notorious    a.臭名昭著的    [no-to-ri-ous]
 - outshine    v.要求比…更好    [out-shine]
 - overshadow    v.遮蔽，使失色    [o-ver-shad-ow]
 - paragon    n.模范，典型    [par-a-gon]
 + peerless    a.无可匹敌的    [peer-less]
 - preeminent    a.出类拔萃的    [pre-em-i-nent]
 - prestige    n.威信，威望，声望    [pres-tige]
 - prominent    a.显著的；著名的    [prom-i-nent]
 - renown    n.名望，声誉    [re-nown]
 - reputation    n.名声    [rep-u-ta-tion]
 + repute    n.名声，名誉    [re-pute]
 - rival    n.竞争者，对手；v.与…匹敌    [ri-val]
 + sacred    a.神圣的，庄严的    [sa-cred]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - solemnity    n.庄严，肃穆    [so-lem-ni-ty]
 - splendor    n.壮丽；辉煌    [splen-dor]
 - status    n.身分，地位    [sta-tus]
 - stunning    a.极富魅力的    [stun-ning]
 - sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]
 - surpass    v.超过    [sur-pass]
 - transcendent    a.超越的，卓越的，出众的    [tran-scend-ent]
 - vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]
 - vogue    n.时髦，时尚；a.流行的    [vogue]

***** disrepute 874

 + abject    a.极可怜的;卑下的    [ab-ject]
 - besmirch    v.诽谤    [be-smirch]
 - blur    n.模糊不清的事物；v.使…模糊    [blur]
 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 - debase    v.贬低，贬损    [de-base]
 - defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 - degradation    n.降低身份，受辱    [deg-ra-da-tion]
 + derogatory    a.不敬的，诽谤的    [de-rog-a-to-ry]
 + despicable    a.可鄙的，卑劣的    [des-pi-ca-ble]
 - discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 - disconcert    v.使…尴尬    [dis-con-cert]
 - discredit    v.怀疑；n.丧失名誉    [dis-cred-it]
 + disrepute    n.名声不好    [dis-re-pute]
 - expel    v.排出；开除    [ex-pel]
 + ignominious    a.可耻的；耻辱的    [ig-no-min-i-ous]
 + ignominy    n.羞耻，屈辱    [ig-no-min-y]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - notorious    a.臭名昭著的    [no-to-ri-ous]
 + obloquy    n.大骂，斥责    [ob-lo-quy]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 + odium    n.憎恶，反感    [o-di-um]
 + opprobrious    a.辱骂的，恶名声的    [op-pro-bri-ous]
 - outshine    v.要求比…更好    [out-shine]
 - overshadow    v.遮蔽，使失色    [o-ver-shad-ow]
 - pitiful    a.值得同情的，可怜的    [pit-i-ful]
 + reprehend    v.谴责，责难    [rep-re-hend]
 + reproach    n.谴责，责骂    [re-proach]
 - repute    n.名声，名誉    [re-pute]
 - ribald    a.下流的，粗鄙的    [rib-ald]
 - scandal    n.丑闻；恶意诽谤    [scan-dal]
 + seamy    a.肮脏的，恶劣的    [seam-y]
 - slur    v.含糊不清地讲    [slur]
 - snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - stain    v.玷污；染色    [stain]
 + stigma    n.耻辱的标志，污点    [stig-ma]
 + stigmatize    v.污蔑，玷污    [stig-ma-tize]
 - tarnish    n./v.失去光泽，晦暗    [tar-nish]
 + turpitude    n.邪恶，卑鄙(行为)    [tur-pi-tude]
 - unbecoming    a.不合身的；不得体的    [un-be-com-ing]
 - unnoticed    a.不引人注意的    [un-no-ticed]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 + vilify    v.辱骂，诽谤    [vil-i-fy]

***** nobility 875

 - aristocracy    n.贵族；贵族政府，贵族统治    [ar-is-toc-ra-cy]
 - celebrity    n.名声；知名人士    [ce-leb-ri-ty]
 - distinction    n.区别，差别；知名    [dis-tinc-tion]
 - elite    n.精华，中坚    [e-lite]
 - genteel    a.上流社会的；装作彬彬有礼的    [gen-teel]
 + gentry    n.绅士，上等人    [gen-try]
 + magnate    n.财主，巨头    [mag-nate]
 + patrician    n.贵族    [pa-tri-cian]
 - peer    n.同等之人，同辈    [peer]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]

***** commonality 876

 - barbarous    a.野蛮的；残暴的    [bar-ba-rous]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 + boor    n.举止粗野的人；乡下人    [boor]
 - bourgeois    a.中产阶级的；自私拜物的    [bour-geois]
 - chaff    n.谷物的皮壳，米糠    [chaff]
 - churl    n.粗鄙之人    [churl]
 - clown    n.小丑；v.扮小丑    [clown]
 - cub    n.幼兽；年轻无经验的人    [cub]
 - curmudgeon    n.脾气暴躁之人    [cur-mudg-eon]
 + ignoble    a.卑鄙的    [ig-no-ble]
 - jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - loon    n.愚人；疯子    [loon]
 + loutish    a.粗鲁的    [lout-ish]
 - low    v.牛叫    [low]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - mobility    n.可动性，流动性    [mo-bil-i-ty]
 - mushroom    n.蘑菇；v.雨后春笋般迅速发展    [mush-room]
 - obscure    a.难理解的；不清楚的；v.隐藏；使…模糊    [ob-scure]
 - obscurity    n.费解，不出名    [ob-scu-ri-ty]
 - philistine    n.庸人，市侩    [philistine]
 + populace    n.民众，老百姓    [pop-u-lace]
 - rabble    n.乌合之众；下等人    [rab-ble]
 + raffish    a.粗俗的；俗艳的    [raff-ish]
 - reaper    n.收割者    [reap-er]
 - rustic    a.乡村的，乡土气的    [rus-tic]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 - scrub    n.矮树丛；身体矮小的人；v.用力擦洗    [scrub]
 - snobbish    a.势利眼的；假充绅士的    [snob-bish]
 - underling    n.下属，手下    [un-der-ling]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 - vulgar    a.无教养的    [vul-gar]
 - yokel    n.乡巴佬    [yo-kel]

***** title 877

 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - epaulet    n.肩章，肩饰    [ep-au-let]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - medal    n.奖牌，勋章    [med-al]
 + reward    n.酬报，奖赏；v.酬谢，奖赏    [re-ward]
 - shield    n.盾；v.掩护，遮挡    [shield]
 + worship    v./n.崇拜，敬仰    [wor-ship]

***** pride 878

 - arrogance    n.傲慢，自大    [ar-ro-gance]
 - arrogant    a.傲慢的，自大的    [ar-ro-gant]
 - boast    v./n.自夸    [boast]
 - bridle    n.马笼头；v.抑制，控制    [bri-dle]
 + bumptious    a.傲慢的，自夸的    [bump-tious]
 - carbohydrate    n.碳水化合物    [car-bo-hy-drate]
 - consequential    a.傲慢的，自以为是的    [con-se-quen-tial]
 - crest    n.山顶，浪尖；羽冠    [crest]
 - dignity    n.尊严，尊贵    [dig-ni-ty]
 + hauteur    n.傲慢    [hau-teur]
 - imperious    a.傲慢的，专横的    [im-pe-ri-ous]
 + magisterial    a.有权威的；威风的    [mag-is-te-ri-al]
 - mighty    a.强有力的，强大的    [might-y]
 - pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - plume    n.羽毛；v.整理羽毛；搔首弄姿    [plume]
 - presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - prim    a.端庄的，整洁的    [prim]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - strut    v.趾高气扬地走；n.支柱    [strut]
 + supercilious    a.目中无人的    [su-per-cil-i-ous]
 + swagger    v.大摇大摆地走    [swag-ger]

***** humility 879

 - abash    v.使害羞，使尴尬    [a-bash]
 + affable    a.易于交谈的；和蔼的    [af-fa-ble]
 - blush    v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕    [blush]
 + condescend    v.屈尊，俯就    [con-de-scend]
 + condescending    a.谦逊的，故意屈尊的    [con-de-scend-ing]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 + crestfallen    a.挫败的，失望的    [crest-fall-en]
 - deign    v.屈尊，惠允(做某事)    [deign]
 - demean    v.贬抑，降低    [de-mean]
 + hangdog    a.忧愁的；低贱的    [hang-dog]
 - humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 + humiliate    v.使屈辱    [hu-mil-i-ate]
 + humility    n.谦逊，谦恭    [hu-mil-i-ty]
 - meek    a.温顺的，顺服的    [meek]
 - modest    a.谦虚的，谨慎的；适度的    [mod-est]
 - mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - mortify    v.使屈辱，使痛心    [mor-ti-fy]
 - resignation    n.听从，顺从；辞职    [res-ig-na-tion]
 - resigned    a.逆来顺受的，顺从的    [re-signed]
 + servile    a.奴性的，百依百顺的    [ser-vile]
 - snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 - submit    v.屈服；提交，呈递    [sub-mit]

***** vanity 880

 - arrogant    a.傲慢的，自大的    [ar-ro-gant]
 - boast    v./n.自夸    [boast]
 - conceit    n.自负，自大    [con-ceit]
 + egocentric    a.利己的    [e-go-cen-tric]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - inflate    v.使充气，使膨胀    [in-flate]
 - narcissism    n.自恋，自爱    [nar-cis-sism]
 + ostentation    n.夸示，炫耀    [os-ten-ta-tion]
 - pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - pretentious    a.自抬身价的    [pre-ten-tious]
 - vain    a.自负的；徒劳的    [vain]
 - vanity    n.虚荣，自负    [van-i-ty]
 + vaunting    a.吹嘘的    [vaunt-ing]

***** modesty 881

 - blush    v.因某事物脸红；n.因羞愧等脸上泛出的红晕    [blush]
 - constrained    a.束缚的，节制的    [con-strained]
 - constraint    n.强制，强迫；对感情的压抑    [con-straint]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 - coy    a.腼腆的，忸怩的    [coy]
 - diffident    a.缺乏自信的    [dif-fi-dent]
 - humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 - humility    n.谦逊，谦恭    [hu-mil-i-ty]
 - modest    a.谦虚的，谨慎的；适度的    [mod-est]
 - reserve    n.储备(物)，储藏量；缄默，谨慎；v.保留，储备，预订    [re-serve]
 - timid    a.胆怯的    [tim-id]
 - timidity    n.胆怯    [ti-mid-i-ty]
 - timorous    a.胆小的，胆怯的    [tim-or-ous]
 + unassuming    a.不摆架子的，不造作的    [un-as-sum-ing]
 + unobtrusive    a.不引人注目的    [un-ob-tru-sive]
 + unpretentious    a.不炫耀的    [un-pre-ten-tious]

***** ostentation 882

 - array    v.部署；n.陈列；大批    [ar-ray]
 - brandish    v.(威胁性地)挥舞    [bran-dish]
 + ceremonious    a.仪式隆重的    [cer-e-mo-ni-ous]
 + ceremony    n.典礼，仪式    [cer-e-mo-ny]
 - etiquette    n.礼仪；礼节    [et-i-quette]
 - exposition    n.阐释；博览会    [ex-po-si-tion]
 - flamboyant    a.艳丽的，炫耀的    [flam-boy-ant]
 - flaunt    v.炫耀；张扬    [flaunt]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - formality    n.遵循的规范；拘泥形式；正式    [for-mal-i-ty]
 - fuss    n.大惊小怪    [fuss]
 - garish    a.俗丽的，过于艳丽的    [gar-ish]
 - gaudy    a.俗丽的    [gaud-y]
 - jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 - magnificent    a.壮丽的，宏伟的；高尚的    [mag-nif-i-cent]
 - majestic    a.雄伟的，庄严的    [ma-jes-tic]
 - ostentation    n.夸示，炫耀    [os-ten-ta-tion]
 - pageant    n.壮观的游行；露天历史剧    [pag-eant]
 - palatial    a.宫殿般的；宏伟的    [pa-la-tial]
 + pomposity    n.自大的行为，傲慢，自命不凡    [pom-pos-i-ty]
 - pompous    a.自大的    [pomp-ous]
 - pretentious    a.自抬身价的    [pre-ten-tious]
 - primp    v.(妇女)刻意打扮    [primp]
 - procession    n.行列；前进    [pro-ces-sion]
 - promenade    v./n.散步；开车兜风    [prom-e-nade]
 - punctilious    a.谨小慎微的    [punc-til-i-ous]
 - revue    n.时事讽刺剧    [re-vue]
 + ritual    n.仪式，例行习惯    [rit-u-al]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - solemnity    n.庄严，肃穆    [so-lem-ni-ty]
 + spectacular    a.壮观的，引人入胜的    [spec-tac-u-lar]
 - splendor    n.壮丽；辉煌    [splen-dor]
 + splurge    n.炫耀，摆阔    [splurge]
 - sport    v.炫耀，卖弄    [sport]
 - stiff    a.僵直的，呆板的，严厉的    [stiff]
 - strut    v.趾高气扬地走；n.支柱    [strut]
 + sumptuous    a.豪华的，奢侈的    [sump-tu-ous]
 - turgid    a.浮肿的，肿胀的；浮夸的    [tur-gid]

***** celebration 883

 - celebrated    a.有名的，知名的    [cel-e-brat-ed]
 - ceremony    n.典礼，仪式    [cer-e-mo-ny]
 - commemorate    v.纪念(伟人、大事件等)    [com-mem-o-rate]
 - coronation    n.加冕    [cor-o-na-tion]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 + hallow    v.把…视为神圣，尊敬    [hal-low]
 - inaugurate    v.举行就职典礼；开创    [in-au-gu-rate]
 - install    v.安装，装置；使就职    [in-stall]
 - jubilation    n.欢快，欢庆    [ju-bi-la-tion]
 + ovation    n.热烈的欢迎、鼓掌    [o-va-tion]
 - paean    n.赞美歌，颂歌    [pae-an]
 - pledge    n.誓言，保证；v.发誓    [pledge]
 - presentation    n.表演，介绍，描述    [pres-en-ta-tion]
 - rejoice    v.喜欢，高兴    [re-joice]
 - revelry    n.狂欢    [rev-el-ry]
 - salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]
 - triumph    v./n.凯旋，胜利，欢欣    [tri-umph]
 - trophy    n.奖品，战利品    [tro-phy]

***** boasting 884

 + blowhard    n.自吹自擂者    [blow-hard]
 - boast    v./n.自夸    [boast]
 - bombast    n.高调，夸大之辞    [bom-bast]
 - brag    v.吹嘘    [brag]
 + braggadocio    n.吹牛大王；大吹大擂    [brag-ga-do-ci-o]
 + braggart    n.吹牛者    [brag-gart]
 + bravado    n.故作勇敢，虚张声势    [bra-va-do]
 - charlatan    n.江湖郎中，骗子    [char-la-tan]
 - chuckle    v.轻声地笑    [chuck-le]
 - crack    n.爆裂声；裂缝；v.裂开；破解，破译    [crack]
 - elated    a.得意洋洋的，振奋的    [e-lat-ed]
 - exaggeration    n.夸张    [ex-ag-ger-a-tion]
 - exult    v.欢腾，喜悦    [ex-ult]
 - flourish    v.昌盛，兴旺；活跃而有影响    [flour-ish]
 - hector    v.凌辱，威吓    [hec-tor]
 - pretentious    a.自抬身价的    [pre-ten-tious]
 - stilted    a.(文章，谈话)不自然的；夸张的    [stilt-ed]
 - strut    v.趾高气扬地走；n.支柱    [strut]
 - swagger    v.大摇大摆地走    [swag-ger]
 - triumph    v./n.凯旋，胜利，欢欣    [tri-umph]
 - trumpet    n.喇叭，小号    [trum-pet]
 - vanity    n.虚荣，自负    [van-i-ty]
 - vaunting    a.吹嘘的    [vaunt-ing]
 - windbag    n.饶舌之人    [wind-bag]

***** insolence 885

 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 - arrogance    n.傲慢，自大    [ar-ro-gance]
 - arrogant    a.傲慢的，自大的    [ar-ro-gant]
 - arrogate    v.冒称具有…权利    [ar-ro-gate]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 - audacious    a.大胆的；愚勇的    [au-da-cious]
 - bluster    v.(指风)猛刮    [blus-ter]
 - blustering    a.大吵大闹的    [blustering]
 - brassy    a.厚脸皮的，无礼的    [brass-y]
 + brazen    a.厚脸皮的    [bra-zen]
 - browbeat    v.欺侮；吓唬    [brow-beat]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - bumptious    a.傲慢的，自夸的    [bump-tious]
 - cavalier    >n.骑士，武士    [cav-a-lier]
 + clannish    a.排他的，门户之见的    [clan-nish]
 - dictate    v.口述；命令    [dic-tate]
 + effrontery    n.厚颜无耻    [ef-fron-ter-y]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - flippant    a.无礼的；轻率的    [flip-pant]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - haughty    a.傲慢的，自大的    [haugh-ty]
 - hubris    n.过分自傲，目中无人    [hu-bris]
 - imperious    a.傲慢的，专横的    [im-pe-ri-ous]
 - impertinence    n.无礼，粗鲁    [im-per-ti-nence]
 + impudent    a.鲁莽的，无礼的    [im-pu-dent]
 + insolence    n.傲慢，无礼    [in-so-lence]
 + insolent    a.粗野的，无礼的    [in-so-lent]
 - intimidate    v.恐吓；胁迫    [in-tim-i-date]
 - jaunty    a.愉快的，满足的    [jaun-ty]
 - magisterial    a.有权威的；威风的    [mag-is-te-ri-al]
 + overbearing    a.专横的，独断的    [o-ver-bear-ing]
 + petulance    n.发脾气，性急，暴躁    [pet-u-lance]
 - precocious    a.早熟的    [pre-co-cious]
 - presume    v.假定，认定    [pre-sume]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - supercilious    a.目中无人的    [su-per-cil-i-ous]
 - swagger    v.大摇大摆地走    [swag-ger]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - tyranny    n.暴政，专制统治；暴行    [tyr-an-ny]
 - upstage    a.骄傲的，高傲的    [up-stage]

***** servility 886

 - abject    a.极可怜的;卑下的    [ab-ject]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - cower    v.畏缩，蜷缩    [cow-er]
 - cringe    v.畏缩；谄媚    [cringe]
 + cringing    n./a.谄媚(的)，奉承(的)    [cring-ing]
 - crouch    v.蹲伏，弯腰    [crouch]
 - fatten    v.使长肥；使土壤肥沃；装满    [fat-ten]
 + fawn    n.未满周岁的小鹿；v.巴结，奉承    [fawn]
 - grovel    v.摇尾乞怜，奴颜婢膝    [grov-el]
 - hangdog    a.忧愁的；低贱的    [hang-dog]
 - humility    n.谦逊，谦恭    [hu-mil-i-ty]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 + narcissist    n.自负的人，自恋者    [nar-cis-sist]
 + obsequious    a.逢迎的，谄媚的    [ob-se-qui-ous]
 - parasite    n.食客；寄生物    [par-a-site]
 - pliant    a.易受影响的；易弯的    [pli-ant]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - reptile    n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人    [rep-tile]
 - servile    a.奴性的，百依百顺的    [ser-vile]
 - sneaking    a.秘密的，不公开的    [sneak-ing]
 - supple    a.伸屈自如的    [sup-ple]
 + sycophant    n.马屁精    [syc-o-phant]
 + toady    n.谄媚者，马屁精    [toad-y]
 - worship    v./n.崇拜，敬仰    [wor-ship]

***** blusterer 887

 - blowhard    n.自吹自擂者    [blow-hard]
 - braggart    n.吹牛者    [brag-gart]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - doctrinaire    n.空论家；a.教条的，迂腐的    [doc-tri-naire]
 - firearm    n.(便携式)枪支    [fire-arm]
 - pistol    n.手枪    [pis-tol]
 - warmonger    n.好战者，战争贩子    [war-mong-er]

** Section III. Sympathetic Affections

*** 1. Social Affections

***** friendship 888

 - acquaintance    n.熟知；熟人    [ac-quaint-ance]
 - acquainted    a.对某事物熟悉的；对某人认识的    [ac-quaint-ed]
 - affection    n.爱    [af-fec-tion]
 - amicable    a.友好的    [am-i-ca-ble]
 - amity    n.(人或国之间的)友好关系    [am-i-ty]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - familiarity    n.精通；亲近；不拘礼仪    [fa-mil-i-ar-i-ty]
 - harmony    n.相符，一致；协调，匀称    [har-mo-ny]
 - intimate    a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示    [in-ti-mate]
 - rapprochement    n.和好，和睦    [rap-proche-ment]
 - response    n.反应，响应，回答    [re-sponse]

***** enmity 889

 - alienate    v.疏远，离间某人    [al-ien-ate]
 - animosity    n.憎恶，仇恨    [an-i-mos-i-ty]
 - discord    n.不和，纷争    [dis-cord]
 - enmity    n.敌意，仇恨    [en-mi-ty]
 + estranged    a.疏远的，分开的，分离的    [es-tranged]
 - hostile    a.敌对的，敌意的    [hos-tile]
 + hostility    n.敌对，不友好，憎恨    [hos-til-i-ty]
 - inimical    a.敌意的，不友善的    [in-im-i-cal]
 - irreconcilable    a.不能协调的，矛盾的    [ir-rec-on-cil-a-ble]
 + rancor    n.深仇，怨恨    [ran-cor]
 - variance    n.矛盾；不同    [var-i-ance]

***** friend 890

 - acquaintance    n.熟知；熟人    [ac-quaint-ance]
 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 - companion    n.同伴，同伙；受雇的陪伴人    [com-pan-ion]
 - compatriot    n.同胞，同国人    [com-pa-tri-ot]
 - insider    n.局内人，圈内人    [in-sid-er]
 - intimate    a.亲密的；n.密友；v.暗示    [in-ti-mate]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 - partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]

***** enemy 891

 - opponent    n.对手，敌手    [op-po-nent]

***** sociality 892

 - acquainted    a.对某事物熟悉的；对某人认识的    [ac-quaint-ed]
 - associate    a.联合的；n.合伙人；v.将人或事物联系起来    [as-so-ci-ate]
 + convivial    a.欢乐的，狂欢的    [con-viv-i-al]
 + conviviality    n.欢乐；交游    [con-viv-i-al-i-ty]
 - coterie    n.(有共同兴趣的)小团体    [co-te-rie]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - familiarity    n.精通；亲近；不拘礼仪    [fa-mil-i-ar-i-ty]
 - festive    a.欢乐的    [fes-tive]
 + gregarious    a.群居的；爱社交的    [gre-gar-i-ous]
 - gregariousness    n.群居；合群    [gre-gar-i-ous-ness]
 - hospitable    a.豁达的    [hos-pi-ta-ble]
 - jovial    a.愉快的    [jo-vi-al]
 - levee    n.防洪堤；堤岸    [lev-ee]

***** seclusion, exclusion 893

 - abandon    v./n.放弃；放纵    [a-ban-don]
 - anonymity    n.无名，匿名    [an-o-nym-i-ty]
 - banish    v.放逐某人    [ban-ish]
 - derelict    a.荒废的；玩忽职守的；n.被遗弃的人    [der-e-lict]
 - deserted    a.荒芜的，无人的    [de-sert-ed]
 - desertion    n.离弃，遗弃    [de-ser-tion]
 - estranged    a.疏远的，分开的，分离的    [es-tranged]
 - exclude    v.排斥；排除    [ex-clude]
 + hermit    n.隐士，修道者    [her-mit]
 - maroon    n./a.栗色(的)    [ma-roon]
 + ostracism    n.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cism]
 + ostracize    v.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cize]
 - pariah    n.贱民，被社会遗弃者    [pa-ri-ah]
 - proscribe    v.禁止    [pro-scribe]
 - recess    n.壁凹(墙上装的架子、柜子等凹处)；休假    [re-cess]
 + recluse    n.隐士；a.隐居的    [re-cluse]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - snug    a.温暖的，舒适的    [snug]
 - solitary    a.孤独的；n.隐士    [sol-i-tar-y]
 - solitude    n.孤独    [sol-i-tude]
 - wastrel    n.挥霍无度的人    [wast-rel]

***** courtesy 894

 + accolade    n.推崇；赞扬    [ac-co-lade]
 - affable    a.易于交谈的；和蔼的    [af-fa-ble]
 - amenity    n.礼仪；使人感到舒适的事物    [a-men-i-ty]
 - bland    a.(人)情绪平稳的；(食物)无味的    [bland]
 - civil    a.国内的；公民的；文明的    [civ-il]
 + civility    n.彬彬有礼，斯文    [ci-vil-i-ty]
 + comity    n.礼让，礼仪    [com-i-ty]
 - complacency    n.满足，安心    [com-pla-cen-cy]
 + complacent    a.自满的，得意的    [com-pla-cent]
 + complaisance    n.彬彬有礼，殷勤，柔顺    [com-plai-sance]
 + complaisant    a.顺从的，讨好的    [com-plai-sant]
 + compliment    n./v.恭维，称赞    [com-pli-ment]
 - conciliate    v.安抚，驯服    [con-cil-i-ate]
 - conciliatory    a.抚慰的，调和的    [con-cil-i-a-to-ry]
 - cultivated    a.耕种的，栽植的；有修养的    [cul-ti-vat-ed]
 - diplomatic    a.外交的；圆滑的    [dip-lo-mat-ic]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - gallant    a.勇敢的；(向女人)献殷勤的    [gal-lant]
 - gentle    a.温和的，慈祥的    [gen-tle]
 - gracious    a.大方的，和善的；奢华的    [gra-cious]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 + ingratiating    a.讨好的，谄媚的    [in-gra-ti-at-ing]
 - obeisance    n.鞠躬，敬礼    [o-bei-sance]
 - obliging    a.恳切的，热心助人的    [o-blig-ing]
 - obsequious    a.逢迎的，谄媚的    [ob-se-qui-ous]
 - pledge    n.誓言，保证；v.发誓    [pledge]
 - polish    v.把…擦光亮，抛光；n.上光剂；(态度等)优雅    [pol-ish]
 - presentation    n.表演，介绍，描述    [pres-en-ta-tion]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]
 + smarmy    a.虚情假意的    [smarm-y]
 - squeeze    v.压，挤；n.压榨，紧握    [squeeze]
 - valediction    n.告别演说    [val-e-dic-tion]

***** discourtesy 895

 + abusive    a.漫骂的；毁谤的；虐待的    [a-bu-sive]
 - acrimonious    a.尖刻的，严厉的    [ac-ri-mo-ni-ous]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 - artless    a.粗俗的；自然的    [art-less]
 - asperity    n.严酷；粗鲁    [as-per-i-ty]
 - austere    a.朴素的    [aus-tere]
 - austerity    n.朴素，艰苦    [aus-ter-i-ty]
 - blunt    a.钝的；直率的；v.变钝    [blunt]
 - brusque    a.唐突的，鲁莽的    [brusque]
 + brutal    a.残忍的；严酷的    [bru-tal]
 - brute    n./a.野兽(的)；残忍的(人)    [brute]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 - cavalier    >n.骑士，武士    [cav-a-lier]
 - crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - forward    a.过激的，莽撞的    [for-ward]
 - glower    v.怒目而视    [glow-er]
 - grim    a.冷酷的，可怕的    [grim]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 + impolitic    a.不智的，失策的    [im-pol-i-tic]
 - impudent    a.鲁莽的，无礼的    [im-pu-dent]
 - ogle    v.送秋波；n.媚眼    [o-gle]
 + peevish    a.坏脾气的，易怒的    [peev-ish]
 - pout    v.噘嘴，板脸    [pout]
 - precocious    a.早熟的    [pre-co-cious]
 - rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 - sarcastic    a.讽刺的    [sar-cas-tic]
 - scathing    a.苛刻的，严厉的    [scath-ing]
 - scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - snarl    n./v.纠缠，混乱    [snarl]
 - stern    n.船尾    [stern]
 - sullen    a.忧郁的    [sul-len]
 + surly    a.脾气暴躁的；阴沉的    [sur-ly]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 - ungainly    a.笨拙的    [un-gain-ly]
 - virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]
 - vulgar    a.无教养的    [vul-gar]

***** congratulation 896

 - compliment    n./v.恭维，称赞    [com-pli-ment]
 + laud    v.称赞    [laud]
 - salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]

***** love 897

 + adore    v.崇拜；热爱    [a-dore]
 - affection    n.爱    [af-fec-tion]
 + amiable    a.和蔼的，亲切的    [a-mi-a-ble]
 - ardent    a.热心的，热烈的    [ar-dent]
 - attach    v.将某物系在(另一物)上    [at-ta-ch]
 - captivate    v.迷惑，吸引    [cap-ti-vate]
 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 - cling    v.紧抓住；舍不得放弃    [cling]
 - congenial    a.意气相投的；性情好的    [con-gen-ial]
 - devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 - dote    v.溺爱；昏聩    [dote]
 + enamored    a.珍爱的，喜爱的    [enamored]
 + endearing    a.讨人喜欢的    [endearing]
 - engaging    a.迷人的，美丽动人的    [en-gag-ing]
 - enrapture    v.使狂喜，使高兴    [en-rap-ture]
 - enthralling    a.迷人的，吸引人的    [en-thral-ling]
 - fervor    n.热诚，热心    [fer-vor]
 - flirt    v.挑逗，调戏    [flirt]
 - gallant    a.勇敢的；(向女人)献殷勤的    [gal-lant]
 - gripping    a.紧紧抓住注意力的    [grip-ping]
 - infatuation    n.迷恋    [in-fat-u-a-tion]
 + ingratiate    v.逢迎，讨好    [in-gra-ti-ate]
 - insinuate    v.暗指，暗示    [in-sin-u-ate]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 - passionate    a.充满激情的    [pas-sion-ate]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 + revere    v.尊敬    [re-vere]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]

***** hate 898

 - abhor    v.憎恨，嫌恶    [ab-hor]
 - abhorrent    a.可恨的，讨厌的    [ab-hor-rent]
 - abominate    v.痛恨；厌恶    [a-bom-i-nate]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 - alienate    v.疏远，离间某人    [al-ien-ate]
 - animosity    n.憎恶，仇恨    [an-i-mos-i-ty]
 - antipathy    n.反感，厌恶    [an-tip-a-thy]
 - aversion    n.嫌恶，憎恨    [a-ver-sion]
 - detest    v.深恶，憎恶    [de-test]
 - disaffect    v.使不满；使不忠    [dis-af-fect]
 - enmity    n.敌意，仇恨    [en-mi-ty]
 + execrate    v.憎恶；咒骂    [ex-e-crate]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - invidious    a.惹人反感的，导致伤害和仇恨的，招人嫉妒的    [in-vid-i-ous]
 - irritate    v.激怒；刺激    [ir-ri-tate]
 - loathe    v.憎恨，厌恶    [loathe]
 + malicious    a.恶意的，怨毒的    [ma-li-cious]
 - obnoxious    a.令人不愉快的；可憎的    [ob-nox-ious]
 - odious    a.可憎的，讨厌的    [o-di-ous]
 - odium    n.憎恶，反感    [o-di-um]
 - offensive    a.令人不快的，得罪人的    [of-fen-sive]
 - pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - recoil    v.退却，退缩    [re-coil]
 - repel    v.击退，使…反感    [re-pel]
 - reprehensible    a.应受谴责的    [rep-re-hen-si-ble]
 - repugnance    n.嫌恶，反感    [re-pug-nance]
 - revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 - rile    v.使…恼火，激怒    [rile]
 - roil    v.煽动，搅浑    [roil]
 - scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - shudder    v./n.战栗，发抖    [shud-der]
 - umbrage    n.不快，愤怒    [um-brage]

***** favorite 899

 + cosset    v.宠爱，溺爱    [cos-set]
 + minion    n.奴才，低下之人    [min-ion]

***** resentment 900

 - acrimonious    a.尖刻的，严厉的    [ac-ri-mo-ni-ous]
 - acrimony    n.尖刻，刻薄    [ac-ri-mo-ny]
 - affront    v.侮辱，冒犯    [af-front]
 - aggravate    v.加重，恶化    [ag-gra-vate]
 - animosity    n.憎恶，仇恨    [an-i-mos-i-ty]
 - asperity    n.严酷；粗鲁    [as-per-i-ty]
 + bile    n.胆汁    [bile]
 - chafe    v.摩擦生热；擦痛；激怒    [chafe]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - discompose    v.使失态，慌张    [dis-com-pose]
 - enrage    v.激怒，触怒    [en-rage]
 - exasperate    v.激怒，使恼怒    [ex-as-per-ate]
 - ferment    v./n.(使)发酵；骚动    [fer-ment]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - fume    v./n.愤怒；冒烟    [fume]
 - gall    n.胆汁；怨恨    [gall]
 - hector    v.凌辱，威吓    [hec-tor]
 - hormone    n.荷尔蒙，激素    [hor-mone]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 + indignant    a.愤慨的，愤愤不平的    [in-dig-nant]
 + indignation    n.愤慨    [in-dig-na-tion]
 + indignity    n.侮辱，轻蔑；侮辱性的言行    [in-dig-ni-ty]
 - inflame    v.使燃烧；激怒(某人)    [in-flame]
 - infuriate    v.使(人)极为愤怒    [in-fu-ri-ate]
 + irate    a.发怒的    [i-rate]
 + ire    n.愤怒；v.激怒    [ire]
 - irritate    v.激怒；刺激    [ir-ri-tate]
 - irritation    n.愤怒，急躁，刺激    [ir-ri-ta-tion]
 - kindle    v.着火，点燃    [kin-dle]
 - mantle    n.披风，斗篷；v.覆盖    [man-tle]
 + miff    n.小争吵    [miff]
 - nettle    n.荨麻；v.烦忧，激恼    [net-tle]
 - offend    v.得罪，冒犯    [of-fend]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - paroxysm    n.(感情等)突发    [par-ox-ysm]
 - peeve    v.使气恼，怨恨    [peeve]
 - pique    n./v.(因自尊心受伤害而导致的)不悦，愤怒；v.冒犯    [pique]
 - pout    v.噘嘴，板脸    [pout]
 - provocation    n.挑衅，激怒    [prov-o-ca-tion]
 - pucker    v.起皱；n.皱褶    [puck-er]
 - rabid    a.患狂犬病的；失去理性的    [rab-id]
 - rage    n.盛怒；v.激怒    [rage]
 - rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 + resent    v.憎恶，愤恨    [re-sent]
 + resentment    n.愤恨，怨恨    [re-sent-ment]
 - revenge    n.报复，报仇    [re-venge]
 - rile    v.使…恼火，激怒    [rile]
 - ruffle    v.弄皱；激怒；n.皱边(装饰衣服)    [ruf-fle]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 - scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - snarl    n./v.纠缠，混乱    [snarl]
 - spleen    n.怨怒    [spleen]
 - sting    v.刺痛；叮螫；n.螫刺    [sting]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - taking    a.楚楚动人的    [tak-ing]
 - tiff    n.吵嘴，呕气    [tiff]
 - umbrage    n.不快，愤怒    [um-brage]
 - virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]
 - wrought    a.做成的，精炼的    [wrought]

***** irascibility 901

 - allergic    a.过敏的；对…讨厌的    [al-ler-gic]
 - asperity    n.严酷；粗鲁    [as-per-i-ty]
 + cantankerous    a.脾气坏的，好争吵的    [can-tan-ker-ous]
 - captious    a.吹毛求疵的    [cap-tious]
 + choleric    a.易怒的，暴躁的    [chol-er-ic]
 - contentious    a.好辩的，善争吵的    [con-ten-tious]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - excitability    n.易兴奋性，易激动性    [ex-cit-a-bil-i-ty]
 + fractious    a.(脾气)易怒的，好争吵的    [frac-tious]
 - fret    n./v.(使)烦躁，焦虑    [fret]
 - hasty    a.急急忙忙的    [has-ty]
 + irascible    a.易发怒的    [i-ras-ci-ble]
 - irritable    a.易怒的；易受刺激的    [ir-ri-ta-ble]
 - passionate    a.充满激情的    [pas-sion-ate]
 - peevish    a.坏脾气的，易怒的    [peev-ish]
 - petulance    n.发脾气，性急，暴躁    [pet-u-lance]
 - petulant    a.性急的，暴躁的    [pet-u-lant]
 - porcupine    n.豪猪，箭猪    [por-cu-pine]
 - pugnacious    a.好斗的    [pug-na-cious]
 - querulous    a.抱怨的，多牢骚的    [quer-u-lous]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - susceptibility    n.易感性    [sus-cep-ti-bil-i-ty]
 - susceptible    a.易受影响的，脆弱的    [sus-cep-ti-ble]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 + testiness    n.易怒    [testiness]
 + testy    a.性急的，暴躁的    [tes-ty]
 + touchy    a.敏感的，易发脾气的    [touch-y]
 + vindictive    a.报复性的    [vin-dic-tive]

***** sullenness 901.a

 - cantankerous    a.脾气坏的，好争吵的    [can-tan-ker-ous]
 - crabbed    a.暴躁的    [crab-bed]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - dogged    a.顽强的    [dog-ged]
 - doldrums    n.赤道无风带；情绪低落    [dol-drums]
 - glower    v.怒目而视    [glow-er]
 - grim    a.冷酷的，可怕的    [grim]
 + grouch    n.牢骚，不满    [grouch]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - intractable    a.倔强的；难管的    [in-trac-ta-ble]
 + morose    a.阴郁的    [mo-rose]
 - obstinacy    n.固执，倔强，顽固    [ob-sti-na-cy]
 - peevish    a.坏脾气的，易怒的    [peev-ish]
 - pout    v.噘嘴，板脸    [pout]
 - restive    a.不安静的，不安宁的    [res-tive]
 - scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - spleen    n.怨怒    [spleen]
 - sulky    a.生气的    [sulk-y]
 - sullen    a.忧郁的    [sul-len]
 - surly    a.脾气暴躁的；阴沉的    [sur-ly]
 - temper    v.锤炼；缓和；n.脾气    [tem-per]
 - testiness    n.易怒    [testiness]

***** endearment 902

 - blandishment    n.奉承，甘言劝诱    [blan-dish-ment]
 + caress    n.爱抚，抚摸；v.爱抚或抚摸某人    [ca-ress]
 - clasp    n.钩子，扣子；紧握    [clasp]
 - coax    v.哄诱，巧言诱哄    [co-ax]
 + coddle    v.溺爱；悉心照料    [cod-dle]
 - cosset    v.宠爱，溺爱    [cos-set]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - dally    v.闲荡，嬉戏    [dal-ly]
 - embrace    v.拥抱；包含    [em-brace]
 - flirt    v.挑逗，调戏    [flirt]
 - foster    v.培养，鼓励；领养    [fos-ter]
 - ogle    v.送秋波；n.媚眼    [o-gle]
 - salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]
 - toy    v.不认真考虑，玩弄    [toy]
 - wheedle    v.(用花言巧语)哄骗    [whee-dle]
 - woo    v.向(女人)求爱；争取…的支持    [woo]

***** marriage 903

 - betroth    v.许配，和…订婚    [be-troth]
 + engaged    a.忙碌的，使用中的    [en-gaged]
 - espousal    n.拥护，支持    [es-pous-al]
 - espouse    v.支持，拥护    [es-pouse]
 - husband    v.妥善而又节约地管理；做…的丈夫    [hus-band]
 + marital    a.婚姻的    [mar-i-tal]
 - mate    n.伙伴；配偶；v.交配    [mate]
 + monogamy    n.一夫一妻制    [mo-nog-a-my]
 - nubile    a.(女孩)到婚嫁年龄的；吸引人的    [nu-bile]
 - rib    n.肋骨；伞骨    [rib]

***** celibacy 904



***** divorce 905

 - separate    v.使分开；a.不同的；独自的    [sep-a-rate]

*** 2. Diffusive Sympathetic Affections

***** benevolence 906

 + accommodating    a.乐于助人的    [ac-com-mo-dat-ing]
 + altruistic    a.无私的，为他人着想的    [al-tru-is-tic]
 - amiable    a.和蔼的，亲切的    [a-mi-a-ble]
 + benevolent    a.善心的，仁心的    [be-nev-o-lent]
 - charitable    a.仁慈的；宽厚的    [char-i-ta-ble]
 - charity    n.仁慈；施舍    [char-i-ty]
 - complacent    a.自满的，得意的    [com-pla-cent]
 - complaisant    a.顺从的，讨好的    [com-plai-sant]
 - generosity    n.慷慨，大方    [gen-er-os-i-ty]
 - gracious    a.大方的，和善的；奢华的    [gra-cious]
 + humane    a.人道的，慈悲的    [hu-mane]
 - largesse    n.慷慨援助；施舍    [lar-gesse]
 - maternal    a.母性的    [ma-ter-nal]
 - obliging    a.恳切的，热心助人的    [o-blig-ing]

***** malevolence 907

 - acrimonious    a.尖刻的，严厉的    [ac-ri-mo-ni-ous]
 - affront    v.侮辱，冒犯    [af-front]
 - annoy    v.惹恼；打搅，骚扰    [an-noy]
 + atrocious    a.残忍的，凶恶的    [a-tro-cious]
 + atrocity    n.残暴，暴行    [a-troc-i-ty]
 - bait    n.诱饵；v.逗弄；激怒    [bait]
 - barbarous    a.野蛮的；残暴的    [bar-ba-rous]
 - brutal    a.残忍的；严酷的    [bru-tal]
 - caustic    a.腐蚀性的；刻薄的；n.腐蚀剂    [caus-tic]
 - cold-blooded    a.[生]冷血的；残酷的    [cold-blood-ed]
 + diabolical    a.恶毒的，狠毒的    [di-a-bol-i-cal]
 - enmity    n.敌意，仇恨    [en-mi-ty]
 - fell    n.兽皮；v.砍伐；a.凶猛的，可怕的    [fell]
 - feral    a.凶猛的，野的    [fe-ral]
 - gall    n.胆汁；怨恨    [gall]
 - grind    n.枯燥乏味的工作；v.磨碎，碾碎    [grind]
 - harass    v.侵扰，烦忧    [har-ass]
 - harry    v.掠夺，袭扰，折磨    [har-ry]
 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - haunt    v.常去；鬼魂出没；(事情)萦绕心头；n.常去的地方    [haunt]
 - incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 + inhumane    a.不近人情的    [in-hu-mane]
 - invidious    a.惹人反感的，导致伤害和仇恨的，招人嫉妒的    [in-vid-i-ous]
 + malevolent    a.有恶意的，恶毒的    [ma-lev-o-lent]
 - malicious    a.恶意的，怨毒的    [ma-li-cious]
 - malign    v.诽谤，中伤；a.邪恶的    [ma-lign]
 - oppress    v.压迫，压制    [op-press]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - persecute    v.迫害    [per-se-cute]
 - rancor    n.深仇，怨恨    [ran-cor]
 - relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 - resentment    n.愤恨，怨恨    [re-sent-ment]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 + spite    n.怨恨，恶意    [spite]
 - sullen    a.忧郁的    [sul-len]
 - surly    a.脾气暴躁的；阴沉的    [sur-ly]
 - tease    v.逗乐，戏弄；强求；n.揶揄，戏弄，取笑    [tease]
 + truculent    a.残暴的，凶狠的    [truc-u-lent]
 - vandalism    n.(对公物等)恶意破坏    [van-dal-ism]
 + venom    n.毒液；恶毒，痛恨    [ven-om]
 - virulent    a.剧毒的；恶毒的    [vir-u-lent]
 - vitriolic    a.刻薄的，强烈的    [vit-ri-ol-ic]

***** malediction 908

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 + anathema    n.被诅咒的人；宗教意义的诅咒    [a-nath-e-ma]
 - aspersion    n.诽谤，中伤    [as-per-sion]
 - ban    n.禁令    [ban]
 - blast    >n.一阵(大风)；冲击波；v.爆破；枯萎    [blast]
 - confound    v.使迷惑，搞混    [con-found]
 + denounce    v.指责    [de-nounce]
 + denunciation    n.谴责，斥责    [de-nun-ci-a-tion]
 - execrate    v.憎恶；咒骂    [ex-e-crate]
 - fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 + invective    n.猛烈抨击，痛骂    [in-vec-tive]
 - oath    n.誓言；咒骂    [oath]
 - proscribe    v.禁止    [pro-scribe]
 - threat    n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆    [threat]
 - woe    n.悲痛，苦难    [woe]

***** threat 909

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 - abusive    a.漫骂的；毁谤的；虐待的    [a-bu-sive]
 - bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 - bluster    v.(指风)猛刮    [blus-ter]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - defiance    n.挑战，违抗，反抗    [de-fi-ance]
 - defy    v.违抗，藐视    [de-fy]
 - denunciation    n.谴责，斥责    [de-nun-ci-a-tion]
 - fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 - intimidate    v.恐吓；胁迫    [in-tim-i-date]
 - menace    v./n.威胁，危险    [men-ace]
 + minatory    a.威胁的，恫吓的    [min-a-to-ry]
 - mutter    v.咕哝，嘀咕    [mut-ter]
 - ominous    a.预兆的，不祥的    [om-i-nous]
 - snarl    n./v.纠缠，混乱    [snarl]
 - threat    n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆    [threat]

***** philanthropy 910

 - cosmopolitan    n.世界主义者，四海为家的人    [cos-mo-pol-i-tan]
 - generosity    n.慷慨，大方    [gen-er-os-i-ty]
 - humane    a.人道的，慈悲的    [hu-mane]
 + patriot    n.爱国者，爱国主义者    [pa-tri-ot]
 + patriotism    n.爱国主义，爱国心    [pa-tri-ot-ism]
 + philanthropic    a.博爱的    [phil-an-throp-ic]
 + utilitarian    a.功利的，实利的    [u-til-i-tar-i-an]

***** misanthropy 911

 - cynic    n.犬儒主义者，愤世嫉俗者    [cyn-ic]
 + egotist    n.自私自利者    [e-go-tist]
 + misanthrope    n.愤世嫉俗者    [mis-an-thrope]
 - morose    a.阴郁的    [mo-rose]
 - xenophobe    n.惧外者；排外者    [xen-o-phobe]

***** benefactor 912

 - auxiliary    a.辅助的，协助的    [aux-il-ia-ry]
 + benefactor    n.行善者，捐助者    [ben-e-fac-tor]

***** evil 913

 - anarchist    n.无政府主义者    [an-ar-chist]
 - bane    n.祸根    [bane]
 - brute    n./a.野兽(的)；残忍的(人)    [brute]
 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 + cougar    n.美洲豹    [cou-gar]
 + gorilla    n.大猩猩    [go-ril-la]
 - iconoclast    n.攻击传统观念或风俗的人    [i-con-o-clast]
 - incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 - mosquito    n.蚊子    [mos-qui-to]
 - pesticide    n.杀虫剂    [pes-ti-cide]
 - predator    n.食肉动物    [pred-a-tor]
 - profiteer    n.奸商，牟取暴利者    [prof-i-teer]
 + ruffian    n.恶棍，歹徒；a.残暴的    [ruf-fi-an]
 - savage    a.凶猛的，野蛮的    [sav-age]
 - scorpion    n.蝎子    [scor-pi-on]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]
 - tyrant    n.暴君    [ty-rant]
 - vulture    n.秃鹫    [vul-ture]

*** 3. Special Sympathetic Affections

***** pity 914

 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - charity    n.仁慈；施舍    [char-i-ty]
 - clemency    n.温和；仁慈，宽厚    [clem-en-cy]
 - clement    a.仁慈的；温和的    [clem-ent]
 - compassion    n.同情，怜悯    [com-pas-sion]
 + compassionate    a.有同情心的    [com-pas-sion-ate]
 - deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 - disarm    v.使…解除武器；使…缓和    [dis-arm]
 - forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - humane    a.人道的，慈悲的    [hu-mane]
 - leniency    n.温和，宽容    [le-ni-en-cy]
 - lenient    a.宽大的；仁慈的    [le-ni-ent]
 - partisan    n.党派支持者；党徒    [par-ti-san]
 - pitiful    a.值得同情的，可怜的    [pit-i-ful]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - relent    v.动怜悯心；减弱    [re-lent]
 - supplicate    v.恳求，乞求    [sup-pli-cate]
 - tender    v.(希望对方接受的意见等)    [ten-der]
 - thaw    v.解冻，溶化    [thaw]

***** pitilessness 914.a

 - harsh    a.严厉的；粗糙的；刺耳的    [harsh]
 - inclement    a.(天气)严酷的；严厉的    [in-clem-ent]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]

***** condolence 915

 - console    v.安慰，抚慰    [con-sole]
 - lament    v./n.悲伤；哀悼    [la-ment]

*** 4. Retrospective Sympathetic Affections

***** gratitude 916

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 + benediction    n.祝福；祈祷    [ben-e-dic-tion]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - grateful    a.感激的    [grate-ful]
 + gratitude    n.感激    [grat-i-tude]
 - indebted    a.感激的，感恩的    [in-debt-ed]
 - paean    n.赞美歌，颂歌    [pae-an]
 - requite    v.报答；报复    [re-quite]

***** ingratitude 917

 + ingrate    n.忘恩负义的人    [in-grate]
 - unrequited    a.无报答的    [un-re-quit-ed]

***** forgiveness 918

 - absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - amnesty    n.大赦，特赦    [am-nes-ty]
 - conciliate    v.安抚，驯服    [con-cil-i-ate]
 - conciliatory    a.抚慰的，调和的    [con-cil-i-a-to-ry]
 + condone    v.宽恕，原谅    [con-done]
 - forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - indemnity    n.赔偿；保证    [in-dem-ni-ty]
 - overlook    v.忽视；俯视    [o-ver-look]
 - placate    v.抚慰，平息(愤怒)    [pla-cate]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - reprieve    v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂时解救    [re-prieve]
 - wink    v.使眼色；n.眨眼    [wink]

***** revenge 919

 + avenge    v.为…复仇，为…报仇    [a-venge]
 - inexorable    a.不为所动的；坚决不变的    [in-ex-o-ra-ble]
 - rancor    n.深仇，怨恨    [ran-cor]
 - rankle    v.怨恨；激怒    [ran-kle]
 - relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 - revenge    n.报复，报仇    [re-venge]
 + ruthlessness    n.无情，残忍    [ruth-less-ness]
 + vendetta    n.世仇，宿怨    [ven-det-ta]
 + vengeance    n.报仇，报复    [venge-ance]
 + vengeful    a.报复的，复仇心理的    [venge-ful]
 + vindicate    v.为…平反；证明…正确    [vin-di-cate]
 - vindictive    a.报复性的    [vin-dic-tive]

***** jealousy 920

 - jaundiced    a.有偏见的    [jaun-diced]
 - jealousy    n.猜忌，嫉妒    [jeal-ous-y]
 - suspicion    n.怀疑，觉察，嫌疑    [sus-pi-cion]

***** envy 921

 - covet    v.贪求，妄想    [cov-et]
 - invidious    a.惹人反感的，导致伤害和仇恨的，招人嫉妒的    [in-vid-i-ous]
 - rivalry    n.竞争，对抗    [ri-val-ry]
 - spite    n.怨恨，恶意    [spite]

** Section IV. Moral Affections

*** 1. Moral Obligations

***** right 922

 + equable    a.稳定的，不变的；(脾气)温和的    [eq-ua-ble]
 + equity    n.公平，公正    [eq-ui-ty]
 + evenhanded    a.公平的，不偏不倚的    [evenhanded]
 + justifiable    a.有理由的，无可非议的    [jus-ti-fi-a-ble]
 - legitimate    a.合法的；正当的    [le-git-i-mate]
 - propriety    n.礼节；适当    [pro-pri-e-ty]
 + recompense    v.报酬，赔偿    [rec-om-pense]

***** wrong 923

 - grievance    n.委屈，抱怨    [griev-ance]
 - illegal    a.违法的    [il-le-gal]
 - inequity    n.不公正，不公平    [in-eq-ui-ty]
 + iniquitous    a.邪恶的，不公正的    [in-iq-ui-tous]
 + iniquity    n.邪恶，不公正    [in-iq-ui-ty]
 - injurious    a.有害的    [in-ju-ri-ous]
 - nepotism    n.裙带关系    [nep-o-tism]
 - partial    a.局部的；偏袒的    [par-tial]
 - partiality    n.偏袒，偏心    [par-ti-al-i-ty]
 + unjustified    a.未被证明为正当的，无法解释的    [un-jus-ti-fied]

***** dueness 924

 - absolute    a.绝对的，完全的; 无(条件)限制的    [ab-so-lute]
 - arrogate    v.冒称具有…权利    [ar-ro-gate]
 - assert    v.断言，主张    [as-sert]
 - assume    v.假定    [as-sume]
 - charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 - constitutional    a.章程的，法规的；素质上的，本质的    [con-sti-tu-tion-al]
 - demand    v.要求，苛求    [de-mand]
 - entitle    v.使有权(做某事)    [en-ti-tle]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - immunity    n.免疫；豁免    [im-mu-ni-ty]
 - inalienable    a.不可剥夺的    [in-al-ien-a-ble]
 - inviolable    a.不可侵犯的；不可亵渎的    [in-vi-o-la-ble]
 - legitimate    a.合法的；正当的    [le-git-i-mate]
 - liberty    n.随意，冒失    [lib-er-ty]
 - license    n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照    [li-cense]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - merit    v.值得    [mer-it]
 + merited    a.该得的，理所当然的    [mer-i-ted]
 - ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]
 + plaintiff    n.原告    [plain-tiff]
 - prerogative    n.特权    [pre-rog-a-tive]
 - prescribe    v.开处方；规定    [pre-scribe]
 - prescription    n.处方(上的药)    [pre-scrip-tion]
 - pretension    n.自命不凡，夸耀    [pre-ten-sion]
 - privilege    n.特权，特别利益    [priv-i-lege]
 - reclaim    v.纠正；开垦(土地)    [re-claim]
 + sanctify    v.使神圣    [sanc-ti-fy]
 - sanction    n./v.批准，认可    [sanc-tion]
 - seemly    a.得体的，适宜的    [seem-ly]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 - substantiate    v.证实，确证    [sub-stan-ti-ate]
 - tenure    n.任期；终身职位    [ten-ure]
 - unexceptionable    a.无可非议的    [un-ex-cep-tion-a-ble]
 - unimpeachable    a.无可指摘的，无可置疑的    [un-im-peach-a-ble]
 - validate    v.使…生效    [val-i-date]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]
 + warranted    a.保证的；凭正当理由的    [warranted]
 - warranty    n.保证；辩解；有正当理由；批准    [war-ran-ty]

***** undueness 925

 - arrogate    v.冒称具有…权利    [ar-ro-gate]
 - assumption    n.设想；夺取    [as-sump-tion]
 - breach    n.裂缝，缺口；v.打破，裂开；违背    [breach]
 - encroach    v.侵占，蚕食    [en-croach]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - illegitimate    a.不合法的；私生的    [il-le-git-i-mate]
 + illicit    a.违法的    [il-lic-it]
 - infringe    v.违反，侵害    [in-fringe]
 - preposterous    a.荒谬的    [pre-pos-ter-ous]
 - presumption    n.冒昧，专横；假定    [pre-sump-tion]
 - pretentious    a.自抬身价的    [pre-ten-tious]
 - spurious    a.假的；伪造的    [spu-ri-ous]
 - stretch    v.变长；伸展    [stretch]
 - unbecoming    a.不合身的；不得体的    [un-be-com-ing]
 + undeserved    a.不应得的    [un-de-served]
 - unjustified    a.未被证明为正当的，无法解释的    [un-jus-ti-fied]
 - unqualified    a.无资格的；无限制的，绝对的    [un-qual-i-fied]
 - unseemly    a.不适当的，不宜的    [un-seem-ly]
 - unwarranted    a.没有根据的    [un-war-rant-ed]
 - usurp    v.篡夺，霸占    [u-surp]
 - violate    v.违反，触犯    [vi-o-late]

***** duty 926

 + accountability    n.负有责任    [ac-count-a-bil-i-ty]
 - acquittal    n.宣告无罪，开释    [ac-quit-tal]
 - allegiance    n.忠诚，拥护    [al-le-giance]
 + amenable    a.愿服从的，通情达理的    [a-me-na-ble]
 + behoove    v.理应，有义务    [be-hoove]
 - conscience    n.良心，是非感    [con-science]
 - conscientious    a.尽责的；小心谨慎的    [con-sci-en-tious]
 - decorum    n.礼节，礼貌    [de-co-rum]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - enjoin    v.命令，吩咐    [en-join]
 + ethics    n.伦理学；道德规范    [eth-ics]
 - exact    a.精确的；v.强求，强索付款    [ex-act]
 - imperative    a.急需的    [im-per-a-tive]
 - incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 - indebted    a.感激的，感恩的    [in-debt-ed]
 - liability    n.责任；债务    [li-a-bil-i-ty]
 - meet    a.合适的    [meet]
 - obligatory    a.强制性的，义务的    [ob-lig-a-to-ry]
 - oblige    v.束缚；恩惠于…    [o-blige]
 - peremptory    a.不容反抗的；专横的    [per-emp-to-ry]
 - pertain    v.属于；关于    [per-tain]
 - prescribe    v.开处方；规定    [pre-scribe]
 - propriety    n.礼节；适当    [pro-pri-e-ty]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 - stringent    a.(规定)严格的，苛刻的；缺钱的    [strin-gent]

***** dereliction of duty 927

 - evade    v.逃避；规避    [e-vade]
 - evasion    n.躲避，借口    [e-va-sion]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - infraction    n.违法    [in-frac-tion]
 - infringe    v.违反，侵害    [in-fringe]
 - relaxation    n.松弛，消遣    [re-lax-a-tion]
 - renounce    v.(正式)放弃    [re-nounce]
 - repudiate    v.拒绝，抛弃    [re-pu-di-ate]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 - trample    v.踩坏，践踏    [tram-ple]
 - transgress    v.冒犯，违背    [trans-gress]
 - transgression    n.违法，罪过    [trans-gres-sion]
 - violate    v.违反，触犯    [vi-o-late]

***** exemption 927.a

 - absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - dispense    v.分配，分发    [dis-pense]
 - exempt    a.被免除的；v.使免除    [ex-empt]
 - exonerate    v.免除责任；确定无罪    [ex-on-er-ate]
 + immune    a.免疫的；免除的    [im-mune]
 - immunity    n.免疫；豁免    [im-mu-ni-ty]
 - liberty    n.随意，冒失    [lib-er-ty]
 - license    n.放肆，自由；许可证，执照    [li-cense]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]

*** 2. Moral Sentiments

***** respect 928

 - approbation    n.称赞，认可    [ap-pro-ba-tion]
 - awe    n./v.敬畏    [awe]
 - ceremonious    a.仪式隆重的    [cer-e-mo-ni-ous]
 - defer    v.推延；听从    [de-fer]
 - deference    n.敬意，尊重    [def-er-ence]
 + deferential    a.顺从的，恭顺的    [def-er-en-tial]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 - hallow    v.把…视为神圣，尊敬    [hal-low]
 - homage    n.效忠，崇敬    [hom-age]
 - impose    v.征税；强加    [im-pose]
 - obeisance    n.鞠躬，敬礼    [o-bei-sance]
 - obsequious    a.逢迎的，谄媚的    [ob-se-qui-ous]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - revere    v.尊敬    [re-vere]
 - salute    v.行举手礼；向…致意；n.敬礼    [sa-lu-te]
 - submission    n.恭顺    [sub-mis-sion]
 + venerate    v.崇敬，敬仰    [ven-er-ate]
 - worship    v./n.崇拜，敬仰    [wor-ship]

***** disrespect 929

 - affront    v.侮辱，冒犯    [af-front]
 - browbeat    v.欺侮；吓唬    [brow-beat]
 - burlesque    n.讽刺或滑稽的戏剧    [bur-lesque]
 + contemptuous    a.鄙视的，表示轻蔑的    [con-temp-tu-ous]
 - deride    v.嘲弄，愚弄    [de-ride]
 - desecrate    v.玷辱，亵渎    [des-e-crate]
 - disparage    v.贬抑，轻蔑    [dis-par-age]
 - disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 + flout    v.蔑视，违抗    [flout]
 + gibe    n./v.嘲弄，讥笑    [gibe]
 - hiss    v.作嘘声；(蛇等)发出嘶嘶声    [hiss]
 - indignity    n.侮辱，轻蔑；侮辱性的言行    [in-dig-ni-ty]
 - irony    n.反话    [i-ro-ny]
 + jeer    v.嘲笑    [jeer]
 - mock    v.嘲笑；模仿地嘲弄    [mock]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 - overlook    v.忽视；俯视    [o-ver-look]
 + pejorative    a.带有轻蔑意义的，贬低的    [pe-jo-ra-tive]
 - ridicule    n.奚落；v.嘲笑    [rid-i-cule]
 - sarcastic    a.讽刺的    [sar-cas-tic]
 - scoff    v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄    [scoff]
 - scurrilous    a.下流的    [scur-ril-ous]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 + sneer    v.嘲笑，鄙视    [sneer]
 - supercilious    a.目中无人的    [su-per-cil-i-ous]
 - trifle    n.微不足道，琐事    [tri-fle]
 - vilify    v.辱骂，诽谤    [vil-i-fy]

***** contempt 930

 - bumptious    a.傲慢的，自夸的    [bump-tious]
 - cavalier    >n.骑士，武士    [cav-a-lier]
 - clannish    a.排他的，门户之见的    [clan-nish]
 - contempt    轻视，鄙视    [con-tempt]
 - contemptible    a.令人轻视的    [con-tempt-i-ble]
 - contemptuous    a.鄙视的，表示轻蔑的    [con-temp-tu-ous]
 - despicable    a.可鄙的，卑劣的    [des-pi-ca-ble]
 + despise    v.鄙视，藐视    [de-spise]
 - disdain    n./v.轻视，鄙视    [dis-dain]
 - disregard    v./n.疏忽，漠视    [dis-re-gard]
 - flout    v.蔑视，违抗    [flout]
 - haughty    a.傲慢的，自大的    [haugh-ty]
 - hiss    v.作嘘声；(蛇等)发出嘶嘶声    [hiss]
 - pitiful    a.值得同情的，可怜的    [pit-i-ful]
 - scoff    v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄    [scoff]
 - scorn    n.轻蔑；v.轻蔑，瞧不起    [scorn]
 - slight    a.微小的；n./v.轻蔑    [slight]
 - sneer    v.嘲笑，鄙视    [sneer]
 - supercilious    a.目中无人的    [su-per-cil-i-ous]
 - whistle    n.口哨，口哨声；汽笛声；v.吹口哨    [whis-tle]

***** approbation 931

 + acclaim    v.欢呼，称赞    [ac-claim]
 - admire    v.钦佩，赞赏    [ad-mire]
 + adulate    v.谄媚，奉承    [ad-u-late]
 - advocacy    n.拥护，支持    [ad-vo-ca-cy]
 + applaud    v.鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏    [ap-plaud]
 + applause    n.鼓掌，喝彩    [ap-plause]
 - appreciate    v.欣赏；感激    [ap-pre-ci-ate]
 - approbation    n.称赞，认可    [ap-pro-ba-tion]
 - benediction    n.祝福；祈祷    [ben-e-dic-tion]
 + benison    n.祝福，赐福    [ben-i-son]
 - compliment    n./v.恭维，称赞    [com-pli-ment]
 - countenance    v.支持，赞成；容忍；n.表情    [coun-te-nance]
 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 + encomium    n.赞颂，颂辞    [en-co-mi-um]
 - estimable    a.值得尊敬的；可估计的    [es-ti-ma-ble]
 + eulogistic    a.颂扬的，歌功颂德的    [eu-lo-gis-tic]
 - eulogize    v.称赞，颂扬    [eu-lo-gize]
 + eulogy    n.颂词，颂文    [eu-lo-gy]
 - exalt    v.(高度)赞扬，歌颂    [ex-alt]
 - extol    v.赞美    [ex-tol]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - hail    n.冰雹；v.致敬    [hail]
 - homage    n.效忠，崇敬    [hom-age]
 + kudos    n.荣誉    [ku-dos]
 - laud    v.称赞    [laud]
 - magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 + meritorious    a.值得赞赏的    [mer-i-to-ri-ous]
 - paean    n.赞美歌，颂歌    [pae-an]
 + panegyric    n.颂词，颂扬    [pan-e-gyr-ic]
 + plaudit    v.喝彩，赞扬    [plau-dit]
 - plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 - repute    n.名声，名誉    [re-pute]
 - sanction    n./v.批准，认可    [sanc-tion]
 - swell    v.肿胀，增强    [swell]
 - unimpeachable    a.无可指摘的，无可置疑的    [un-im-peach-a-ble]
 - uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]

***** disapprobation 932

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 - abusive    a.漫骂的；毁谤的；虐待的    [a-bu-sive]
 + accuse    v.谴责，指责    [ac-cuse]
 - admonish    v.训诫；警告    [ad-mon-ish]
 - bark    v./n.狗吠；n.树皮    [bark]
 + berate    v.猛烈责骂    [be-rate]
 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 - captious    a.吹毛求疵的    [cap-tious]
 + carp    n.鲤鱼；v.吹毛求疵    [carp]
 + castigate    v.惩治，严责    [cas-ti-gate]
 + castigation    n.惩罚，苛评    [cas-ti-ga-tion]
 - cavil    v.挑毛病，吹毛求疵    [cav-il]
 + chastise    v.严厉惩罚；谴责    [chas-tise]
 + chide    v.叱责，指责    [chide]
 - clamor    v./n.吵闹，喧哗    [clam-or]
 + condemn    v.极力谴责；判刑    [con-demn]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 - declaim    v.高谈阔论    [de-claim]
 + decry    v.责难；贬低(价值)    [de-cry]
 - denounce    v.指责    [de-nounce]
 - denunciation    n.谴责，斥责    [de-nun-ci-a-tion]
 - deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 - depreciate    v.轻视；贬值    [de-pre-ci-ate]
 + detraction    n.贬低，诽谤    [de-trac-tion]
 + diatribe    n.(口头或书面猛烈的)抨击    [di-a-tribe]
 - disparage    v.贬抑，轻蔑    [dis-par-age]
 - exclaim    v.惊叫，呼喊    [ex-claim]
 - execrate    v.憎恶；咒骂    [ex-e-crate]
 - expostulate    v.(对人或行为进行)抗议，告诫    [ex-pos-tu-late]
 - fastidious    a.难取悦的，挑剔的    [fas-tid-i-ous]
 - fertilizer    n.肥料，化肥    [fer-ti-liz-er]
 - flak    n.高射炮；指责    [flak]
 - fulminate    v.猛烈抨击，严厉谴责    [ful-mi-nate]
 - glance    v./n.一瞥    [glance]
 - hiss    v.作嘘声；(蛇等)发出嘶嘶声    [hiss]
 + impeach    v.指责；弹劾    [im-peach]
 - impugn    v.指责，对…表示怀疑    [im-pugn]
 - innuendo    n.含沙射影，暗讽    [in-nu-en-do]
 - insinuate    v.暗指，暗示    [in-sin-u-ate]
 - invective    n.猛烈抨击，痛骂    [in-vec-tive]
 + inveigh    v.痛骂，抨击    [in-veigh]
 - lament    v./n.悲伤；哀悼    [la-ment]
 - lampoon    n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺    [lam-poon]
 - lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 - nibble    v.一点点地咬，慢慢啃    [nib-ble]
 - objection    n.厌恶，反对    [ob-jec-tion]
 - obloquy    n.大骂，斥责    [ob-lo-quy]
 - odium    n.憎恶，反感    [o-di-um]
 - ostracism    n.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cism]
 - ostracize    v.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cize]
 - outspoken    a.直言不讳的    [out-spo-ken]
 - overhaul    v.彻底检查；大修    [o-ver-haul]
 - peck    v.啄食；轻啄    [peck]
 + penalize    v.置(某人)于不利地位；处罚    [pe-nal-ize]
 - protest    v./n.抗议，反对    [pro-test]
 - rail    n.栏杆；铁轨；v.咒骂，猛烈指责    [rail]
 - rave    n.热切赞扬；v.狂语    [rave]
 - rebuff    v.断然拒绝    [re-buff]
 + rebuke    v.指责，谴责    [re-buke]
 - reprehend    v.谴责，责难    [rep-re-hend]
 - reprehensible    a.应受谴责的    [rep-re-hen-si-ble]
 + reprimand    n.训诫，谴责；v.训诫，谴责    [rep-ri-mand]
 - reproach    n.谴责，责骂    [re-proach]
 + reprobate    v.谴责，指责；adj./n.堕落的(人)    [rep-ro-bate]
 + reproof    n.责斥，责备    [re-proof]
 + reprove    v.责骂，申斥    [re-prove]
 + revile    v.辱骂，恶言相向    [re-vile]
 - revolt    v.叛乱，造反；反感    [re-volt]
 - sarcastic    a.讽刺的    [sar-cas-tic]
 - satire    n.讽刺(作品)    [sat-ire]
 - satirize    v.讽刺    [sat-i-rize]
 - scoff    v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄    [scoff]
 - scowl    n.怒容；v.生气地皱眉，怒视    [scowl]
 - severe    a.严格的；凶猛的    [se-vere]
 - sneer    v.嘲笑，鄙视    [sneer]
 - snub    v.冷落，不理睬    [snub]
 - stigmatize    v.污蔑，玷污    [stig-ma-tize]
 - stricture    n.严厉谴责；束缚    [stric-ture]
 - tirade    n.长篇的攻击性讲话    [ti-rade]
 - trenchant    a.一针见血的    [trench-ant]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]
 + upbraid    v.斥责，责骂    [up-braid]
 + vicious    a.残酷的，危险的    [vi-cious]
 - vilify    v.辱骂，诽谤    [vil-i-fy]
 + vituperate    v.痛斥，辱骂    [vi-tu-per-ate]
 + vituperative    a.辱骂的    [vituperative]

***** flattery 933

 - blandishment    n.奉承，甘言劝诱    [blan-dish-ment]
 - cajole    v.(以甜言蜜语)哄骗    [ca-jole]
 - coax    v.哄诱，巧言诱哄    [co-ax]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - euphemism    n.婉言，委婉的说法    [eu-phe-mism]
 - exaggerate    v.夸张；夸大    [ex-ag-ger-ate]
 - flatter    v.恭维，奉承    [flat-ter]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 - humor    v.纵容，迁就    [hu-mor]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - pander    v.怂恿，迎合(不良欲望)    [pan-der]
 - placebo    n.安慰剂    [pla-ce-bo]
 - plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 - servile    a.奴性的，百依百顺的    [ser-vile]
 - smarmy    a.虚情假意的    [smarm-y]
 - smooth    a.光滑的；平稳的；v.弄平，使光滑；消除    [smooth]
 - soothe    v.抚慰；减轻    [soothe]
 - specious    a.似是而非的；华而不实的    [spe-cious]
 - unctuous    a.油质的；油腔滑调的    [unc-tu-ous]
 - wheedle    v.(用花言巧语)哄骗    [whee-dle]

***** detraction 934

 - abusive    a.漫骂的；毁谤的；虐待的    [a-bu-sive]
 - accuse    v.谴责，指责    [ac-cuse]
 - aspersion    n.诽谤，中伤    [as-per-sion]
 - assail    v.抨击；猛攻    [as-sail]
 - belittle    v.轻视，贬抑    [be-lit-tle]
 - brand    n.商标；烙印；v.在某事物上打烙印    [brand]
 + calumniate    v.诽谤，中伤    [ca-lum-ni-ate]
 + calumny    n.诽谤，中伤    [cal-um-ny]
 - critical    a.挑毛病的；关键的，危急的    [crit-i-cal]
 - decry    v.责难；贬低(价值)    [de-cry]
 - denounce    v.指责    [de-nounce]
 - deprecate    v.反对，轻视    [dep-re-cate]
 - depreciate    v.轻视；贬值    [de-pre-ci-ate]
 + derogate    v.贬低，诽谤    [der-o-gate]
 - derogatory    a.不敬的，诽谤的    [de-rog-a-to-ry]
 - detraction    n.贬低，诽谤    [de-trac-tion]
 - disparage    v.贬抑，轻蔑    [dis-par-age]
 - impugn    v.指责，对…表示怀疑    [im-pugn]
 - invective    n.猛烈抨击，痛骂    [in-vec-tive]
 - lampoon    n.讽刺文章；v.讽刺    [lam-poon]
 + libel    v./n.(文字)诽谤，中伤    [li-bel]
 - malign    v.诽谤，中伤；a.邪恶的    [ma-lign]
 - obloquy    n.大骂，斥责    [ob-lo-quy]
 - oppose    v.反对    [op-pose]
 - pejorative    a.带有轻蔑意义的，贬低的    [pe-jo-ra-tive]
 - sarcastic    a.讽刺的    [sar-cas-tic]
 - scandal    n.丑闻；恶意诽谤    [scan-dal]
 - scurrilous    a.下流的    [scur-ril-ous]
 - skit    n.幽默讽刺短剧    [skit]
 + slander    v./n.诽谤，诋毁    [slan-der]
 + slanderous    a.诽谤的    [slanderous]
 - sneer    v.嘲笑，鄙视    [sneer]
 - vilify    v.辱骂，诽谤    [vil-i-fy]

***** flatterer 935

 + encomiast    n.赞美者    [en-co-mi-ast]
 - optimist    n.乐观主义者    [op-ti-mist]
 - parasite    n.食客；寄生物    [par-a-site]
 - sycophant    n.马屁精    [syc-o-phant]
 - toady    n.谄媚者，马屁精    [toad-y]

***** detractor 936

 - abusive    a.漫骂的；毁谤的；虐待的    [a-bu-sive]
 - censor    v.审查，检查(书报)    [cen-sor]
 - critic    n.批评者    [crit-ic]
 - cynic    n.犬儒主义者，愤世嫉俗者    [cyn-ic]
 - faultfinder    n.喜欢挑剔的人    [fault-find-er]

***** vindication 937

 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - acquittal    n.宣告无罪，开释    [ac-quit-tal]
 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 + apologize    v.道歉；辩解    [a-pol-o-gize]
 + defendant    n.被告    [de-fend-ant]
 - defense    n.防御，防护    [de-fense]
 + exculpate    v.开脱，申明无罪    [ex-cul-pate]
 - exonerate    v.免除责任；确定无罪    [ex-on-er-ate]
 - extenuate    v.掩饰(罪行)，减轻罪过    [ex-ten-u-ate]
 - gloss    n.光泽；注解    [gloss]
 - justifiable    a.有理由的，无可非议的    [jus-ti-fi-a-ble]
 - justification    n.正当理由，好的（正义的）原因；辨护    [jus-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 + justify    v.证明…是正当的    [jus-ti-fy]
 - mince    v.切碎；小步走路    [mince]
 - palliate    v.减轻(痛苦)；掩饰(罪行)    [pal-li-ate]
 - palliative    n.缓释剂；a.减轻的，缓和的    [pal-li-a-tive]
 - plausible    a.似是而非的，似乎合理的；嘴巧的    [plau-si-ble]
 - plead    v.恳求，提出…为理由    [plead]
 - slur    v.含糊不清地讲    [slur]
 - specious    a.似是而非的；华而不实的    [spe-cious]
 - varnish    n.清漆；v.涂上清漆    [var-nish]
 + venial    a.(错误等)轻微的，可原谅的    [ve-ni-al]
 - vindicate    v.为…平反；证明…正确    [vin-di-cate]
 - warrant    n.正当理由；许可证    [war-rant]

***** accusation 938

 - accuse    v.谴责，指责    [ac-cuse]
 - cite    v.引用，引述    [cite]
 - defendant    n.被告    [de-fend-ant]
 - denounce    v.指责    [de-nounce]
 - denunciation    n.谴责，斥责    [de-nun-ci-a-tion]
 - impeach    v.指责；弹劾    [im-peach]
 - implicate    v.牵连(于罪行中)    [im-pli-cate]
 + incriminate    v.连累，牵连    [in-crim-i-nate]
 + inculpate    v.连累；控告；归咎于    [in-cul-pate]
 + indict    v.控诉，起诉    [in-dict]
 - invective    n.猛烈抨击，痛骂    [in-vec-tive]
 - libel    v./n.(文字)诽谤，中伤    [li-bel]
 - litigant    n.诉讼当事人    [lit-i-gant]
 - panel    n.专门小组；仪表板    [pan-el]
 - plaintiff    n.原告    [plain-tiff]
 - prosecute    v.告发，检举    [pros-e-cute]
 - reproach    n.谴责，责骂    [re-proach]
 - respondent    n.被告    [re-spond-ent]
 - saddle    n.鞍，马鞍    [sad-dle]
 - scandal    n.丑闻；恶意诽谤    [scan-dal]
 - slur    v.含糊不清地讲    [slur]
 - stigmatize    v.污蔑，玷污    [stig-ma-tize]
 - taxing    a.繁重的    [taxing]
 - vicious    a.残酷的，危险的    [vi-cious]

*** 3. Moral Conditions

***** probity 939

 - candid    a.率直的    [can-did]
 - candor    n.坦白，率直    [can-dor]
 - chivalrous    a.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的    [chiv-al-rous]
 - conscientious    a.尽责的；小心谨慎的    [con-sci-en-tious]
 - constant    a.稳定的，不变的; n.常数    [con-stant]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - dignity    n.尊严，尊贵    [dig-ni-ty]
 - equity    n.公平，公正    [eq-ui-ty]
 - evenhanded    a.公平的，不偏不倚的    [evenhanded]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - impartial    a.公平的，无私的    [im-par-tial]
 - incorruptible    a.(道德上)不受腐蚀的    [in-cor-rupt-i-ble]
 - integrity    n.正直，诚实；完整    [in-teg-ri-ty]
 - inviolable    a.不可侵犯的；不可亵渎的    [in-vi-o-la-ble]
 - loyal    a.忠诚的，忠贞的，忠心的    [loy-al]
 - nice    a.精密的    [nice]
 - nicety    n.准确，精确    [ni-ce-ty]
 - principle    n.原则，原理；道德准则    [prin-ci-ple]
 - probity    n.刚直，正直    [pro-bi-ty]
 - punctilious    a.谨小慎微的    [punc-til-i-ous]
 - purity    n.纯洁，纯净；纯度    [pu-ri-ty]
 + rectitude    n.诚实，正直    [rec-ti-tude]
 - scruple    n.顾忌，迟疑；v.顾忌    [scru-ple]
 - square    v.一致，符合；结清    [square]
 - straightforward    a.正直的；易懂的；直截了当的    [straight-for-ward]
 - trustworthy    a.值得信赖的，可靠的    [trust-wor-thy]
 + unworldly    a.非世俗的；精神上的    [un-world-ly]
 - upright    a.垂直的；正直的    [up-right]
 - veracious    a.诚实的，说真话的    [ve-ra-cious]
 - veracity    n.真实性，诚实    [ve-rac-i-ty]
 + virtuous    a.有美德的；自命清高的    [vir-tu-ous]

***** improbity 940

 - abject    a.极可怜的;卑下的    [ab-ject]
 - apostasy    n.背教，脱党    [a-pos-ta-sy]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - betray    v.背叛；暴露    [be-tray]
 - contemptible    a.令人轻视的    [con-tempt-i-ble]
 - corrupt    a.堕落的，腐败的；文体有错误的    [cor-rupt]
 - demean    v.贬抑，降低    [de-mean]
 - derogate    v.贬低，诽谤    [der-o-gate]
 - derogatory    a.不敬的，诽谤的    [de-rog-a-to-ry]
 - duplicitous    a.搞两面派的，奸诈的    [duplicitous]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - fraud    n.欺诈，欺骗；骗子    [fraud]
 - fraudulent    a.欺骗的，不诚实的    [fraud-u-lent]
 - graft    v./n.嫁接；贪污    [graft]
 - grovel    v.摇尾乞怜，奴颜婢膝    [grov-el]
 - ignominious    a.可耻的；耻辱的    [ig-no-min-i-ous]
 - insidious    a.隐藏诡计的    [in-sid-i-ous]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - measly    a.患麻疹的；小得可怜的    [mea-sly]
 - mongrel    n.杂种动物；混血儿    [mon-grel]
 - nepotism    n.裙带关系    [nep-o-tism]
 - paltry    a.无价值的，微不足道的    [pal-try]
 - perfidious    a.不忠的，背信弃义的    [per-fid-i-ous]
 - perfidy    n.不忠，背叛    [per-fi-dy]
 - reptilian    a.爬虫类的；卑下的    [rep-til-i-an]
 - scurvy    a.卑鄙的，可鄙的    [scurvy]
 - seamy    a.肮脏的，恶劣的    [seam-y]
 - slippery    a.滑的；狡猾的    [slip-per-y]
 - sneaking    a.秘密的，不公开的    [sneak-ing]
 - tatty    a.简陋的，不整洁的    [tat-ty]
 - tortuous    a.弯弯曲曲的    [tor-tu-ous]
 + treacherous    a.背叛的，叛逆的，奸诈的    [treach-er-ous]
 - treason    n.叛国罪    [trea-son]
 - turpitude    n.邪恶，卑鄙(行为)    [tur-pi-tude]
 - unbecoming    a.不合身的；不得体的    [un-be-com-ing]
 - underhanded    a.不光明的，卑鄙的    [un-der-hand-ed]
 - unidimensional    a.一方面的；一维的    [unidimensional]
 + unscrupulous    a.肆无忌惮的    [un-scru-pu-lous]
 - unscrupulousness    n.狂妄，肆无忌惮    [un-scru-pu-lous-ness]
 - venal    a.惟利是图的，贪赃枉法的    [ve-nal]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 + wicked    a.极坏的；淘气的    [wick-ed]

***** knave 941

 - knave    n.流氓，恶棍    [knave]
 - renegade    n.叛教者，叛徒    [ren-e-gade]
 - reptile    n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人    [rep-tile]
 - sycophant    n.马屁精    [syc-o-phant]
 - traitor    n.卖国贼，叛徒    [trai-tor]
 - turncoat    n.背叛者，变节者    [turn-coat]

***** disinterestedness 942

 + altruism    n.利他主义；无私    [al-tru-ism]
 - altruistic    a.无私的，为他人着想的    [al-tru-is-tic]
 - chivalrous    a.武士精神的；对女人彬彬有礼的    [chiv-al-rous]
 + disinterested    a.公正的，客观的    [dis-in-ter-est-ed]
 - exaltation    n.(成功带来的)得意，高兴    [ex-al-ta-tion]
 - generosity    n.慷慨，大方    [gen-er-os-i-ty]
 - liberality    n.慷慨；心胸开阔    [lib-er-al-i-ty]
 - lofty    a.崇高的，高尚的    [loft-y]
 + magnanimity    n.慷慨    [mag-na-nim-i-ty]
 + magnanimous    a.宽宏大量的，慷慨的    [mag-nan-i-mous]
 - sublime    a.崇高的    [sub-lime]

***** selfishness 943

 - coddle    v.溺爱；悉心照料    [cod-dle]
 - earthly    a.现世的，尘世的    [earth-ly]
 - egocentric    a.利己的    [e-go-cen-tric]
 - egotist    n.自私自利者    [e-go-tist]
 - indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 - mean    a.卑贱的，吝啬的    [mean]
 - mercenary    a.惟利是图的；n.雇佣兵    [mer-ce-nar-y]
 - mundane    a.现世的，世俗的    [mun-dane]
 - narcissist    n.自负的人，自恋者    [nar-cis-sist]
 - nepotism    n.裙带关系    [nep-o-tism]
 - venal    a.惟利是图的，贪赃枉法的    [ve-nal]

***** virtue 944

 - credit    n.赊购；信任；(电影)片头字幕    [cred-it]
 - desert    v.放弃，离弃    [de-sert]
 + dutiful    a.恭敬顺从的，尽职的    [du-ti-ful]
 - ethics    n.伦理学；道德规范    [eth-ics]
 + exemplary    a.可作楷模的    [ex-em-pla-ry]
 - innocence    n.无辜，清白    [in-no-cence]
 - integrity    n.正直，诚实；完整    [in-teg-ri-ty]
 - merit    v.值得    [mer-it]
 - meritorious    a.值得赞赏的    [mer-i-to-ri-ous]
 - moralistic    a.道学气的    [mor-al-is-tic]
 - peerless    a.无可匹敌的    [peer-less]
 + saintly    a.圣徒似的，极为圣洁的    [saint-ly]
 - seraphic    a.如天使般的，美丽的    [se-raph-ic]
 - virtuous    a.有美德的；自命清高的    [vir-tu-ous]

***** vice 945

 - atrocious    a.残忍的，凶恶的    [a-tro-cious]
 - atrocity    n.残暴，暴行    [a-troc-i-ty]
 - base    a.卑鄙的    [base]
 - corrupt    a.堕落的，腐败的；文体有错误的    [cor-rupt]
 + culpable    a.有罪的，该受谴责的    [cul-pa-ble]
 - defect    n.缺点，瑕疵；v.变节，脱党    [de-fect]
 - deficiency    n.缺陷；不足    [de-fi-cien-cy]
 - demoralize    v.使士气低落    [de-mor-al-ize]
 - depraved    a.堕落的，腐化的    [de-praved]
 - depravity    n.堕落，恶习    [de-prav-i-ty]
 - disruptive    a.制造混乱的    [dis-rup-tive]
 + dissolute    a.放荡的，无节制的    [dis-so-lute]
 - err    v.犯错误，出错    [err]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 - flagrant    a.臭的，恶名昭彰的    [fla-grant]
 + foible    n.小缺点，小毛病    [foi-ble]
 - foul    a.恶臭的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；n.(体育等)犯规    [foul]
 - frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 - grave    a.严峻的；n.墓穴    [gra-ve]
 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 + heinous    a.十恶不赦的    [hei-nous]
 - incarnate    a.具有肉体的；化身的    [in-car-nate]
 - incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 - infirm    a.虚弱的    [in-firm]
 - inhumane    a.不近人情的    [in-hu-mane]
 - iniquitous    a.邪恶的，不公正的    [in-iq-ui-tous]
 - iniquity    n.邪恶，不公正    [in-iq-ui-ty]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 - malevolent    a.有恶意的，恶毒的    [ma-lev-o-lent]
 + nefarious    a.违法的，邪恶的    [ne-far-i-ous]
 - obdurate    a.固执的，顽固的    [ob-du-rate]
 - offend    v.得罪，冒犯    [of-fend]
 + profligate    a.挥金如土的；n.挥霍者    [prof-li-gate]
 - reprehensible    a.应受谴责的    [rep-re-hen-si-ble]
 - reprobate    v.谴责，指责；adj./n.堕落的(人)    [rep-ro-bate]
 - scandal    n.丑闻；恶意诽谤    [scan-dal]
 - scurvy    a.卑鄙的，可鄙的    [scurvy]
 + stygian    a.阴暗的，阴森森的    [stygian]
 - syndrome    n.综合症状    [syn-drome]
 - transgress    v.冒犯，违背    [trans-gress]
 - trespass    v.侵犯，闯入私人领地    [tres-pass]
 - unconscionable    a.无节制的，过度的    [un-con-scion-a-ble]
 + unprincipled    a.肆无忌惮的    [un-prin-ci-pled]
 - unseemly    a.不适当的，不宜的    [un-seem-ly]
 - vicious    a.残酷的，危险的    [vi-cious]
 - vile    a.恶劣的，卑鄙的    [vile]
 - wicked    a.极坏的；淘气的    [wick-ed]

***** innocence 946

 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - exculpate    v.开脱，申明无罪    [ex-cul-pate]
 - immaculate    a.洁净的，无瑕的    [im-mac-u-late]
 - innocence    n.无辜，清白    [in-no-cence]
 - innocuous    a.(行为，言论等)无害的    [in-noc-u-ous]
 - unexceptionable    a.无可非议的    [un-ex-cep-tion-a-ble]
 - unimpeachable    a.无可指摘的，无可置疑的    [un-im-peach-a-ble]
 - unspotted    a.清白的，无污点的    [un-spot-ted]
 - venial    a.(错误等)轻微的，可原谅的    [ve-ni-al]
 - virtuous    a.有美德的；自命清高的    [vir-tu-ous]

***** guilt 947

 - atrocity    n.残暴，暴行    [a-troc-i-ty]
 - culpable    a.有罪的，该受谴责的    [cul-pa-ble]
 + delinquency    n.失职，过失    [de-lin-quen-cy]
 - dereliction    n.遗弃，弃置    [der-e-lic-tion]
 - enormity    n.极恶；暴行；巨大    [e-nor-mi-ty]
 - fault    n.错误；(地质学)断层    [fault]
 + felony    n.重罪    [fel-o-ny]
 - flaw    n.瑕疵；v.生裂缝；有瑕疵    [flaw]
 - gaffe    n.(社交上令人不快的)失言，失态    [gaffe]
 - guilt    n.罪行；内疚    [guilt]
 + guilty    a.有罪的    [guilt-y]
 - lapse    n.失误；(时间等)流逝    [lapse]
 + malfeasance    n.不法行为，渎职    [mal-fea-sance]
 + malpractice    n.玩忽职守，渎职    [mal-prac-tice]
 - outrage    n.暴行    [out-rage]
 + peccadillo    n.小过失    [pec-ca-dil-lo]
 - reprehensible    a.应受谴责的    [rep-re-hen-si-ble]
 - transgression    n.违法，罪过    [trans-gres-sion]
 - trespass    v.侵犯，闯入私人领地    [tres-pass]

***** good man 948

 - benefactor    n.行善者，捐助者    [ben-e-fac-tor]
 - gem    n.宝石，珠宝；精华    [gem]
 - paragon    n.模范，典型    [par-a-gon]

***** bad man 949

 - bully    v.以强欺弱，威胁；n.欺负别人者    [bul-ly]
 - convict    v.定罪；n.罪犯    [con-vict]
 - crook    v.使弯曲；n.钩状物    [crook]
 + delinquent    a.疏忽职务的    [de-lin-quent]
 + felon    n.重罪犯    [fel-on]
 - incendiary    a.放火的，纵火的    [in-cen-di-ar-y]
 - jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - limb    n.肢(手或脚)，翼    [limb]
 - loon    n.愚人；疯子    [loon]
 + miscreant    n.恶棍，歹徒    [mis-cre-ant]
 - mongrel    n.杂种动物；混血儿    [mon-grel]
 - prodigal    a.挥霍的；n.挥霍者    [prod-i-gal]
 - reprobate    v.谴责，指责；adj./n.堕落的(人)    [rep-ro-bate]
 - reptile    n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人    [rep-tile]
 - ruffian    n.恶棍，歹徒；a.残暴的    [ruf-fi-an]
 - wicked    a.极坏的；淘气的    [wick-ed]

***** penitence 950

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 + compunction    n.懊悔，良心不安    [com-punc-tion]
 - confess    v.承认，供认    [con-fess]
 + contrite    a.悔罪的，痛悔的    [con-trite]
 - contrition    n.悔罪，痛悔    [con-tri-tion]
 - humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 + penance    n.自我惩罚    [pen-ance]
 + penitent    a.后悔的，忏悔的    [pen-i-tent]
 - recant    v.改变，放弃(以前的信仰)    [re-cant]
 - recantation    n.改变宗教信仰    [recantation]
 - reclaim    v.纠正；开垦(土地)    [re-claim]
 + remorse    n.懊悔，悔恨    [re-morse]
 - rue    n.后悔，遗憾    [rue]

***** impenitence 951

 + impenitent    a.不悔悟的    [im-pen-i-tent]
 - incorrigible    a.积习难改的，不可救药的    [in-cor-ri-gi-ble]
 - obdurate    a.固执的，顽固的    [ob-du-rate]
 - relentless    a.无情的，残酷的    [re-lent-less]
 + unregenerate    a.不知悔改的    [un-re-gen-er-ate]
 + unrepentant    a.不悔悟的，不后悔的    [un-re-pent-ant]

***** atonement 952

 - absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 - apologize    v.道歉；辩解    [a-pol-o-gize]
 - compromise    v.妥协；危害    [com-pro-mise]
 + expiate    v.赎罪，补偿    [ex-pi-ate]
 - penance    n.自我惩罚    [pen-ance]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - purgatory    n.炼狱；受苦受难的地方    [pur-ga-to-ry]
 - purge    v.清洗，洗涤    [purge]
 - ransom    n.赎金；赎身；v.赎回    [ran-som]
 - reclaim    v.纠正；开垦(土地)    [re-claim]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - redress    n.改正，修正    [re-dress]
 - reparation    n.赔偿，补偿    [rep-a-ra-tion]
 - sacrifice    n.牺牲；v.宰牲祭神    [sac-ri-fice]

*** 4. Moral Practice

***** temperance 953

 - abstain    v.禁绝，放弃    [ab-stain]
 + abstemious    a.有节制的，节俭的    [ab-ste-mi-ous]
 - abstentious    a.节制的    [ab-sten-tious]
 - forbearance    n.自制，忍耐    [for-bear-ance]
 - frugal    a.节约的，节俭的    [fru-gal]
 - measured    a.精确的；慎重的    [meas-ured]
 - refrain    v.抑制；n.歌曲的反复句，叠句    [re-frain]
 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]
 - sparing    a.节俭的    [spar-ing]

***** intemperance 954

 - dissolute    a.放荡的，无节制的    [dis-so-lute]
 - exceed    v.超过；超出    [ex-ceed]
 - excess    n.过分，过度    [ex-cess]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - indulge    v.放纵；满足    [in-dulge]
 + licentious    a.纵欲的；放肆的    [li-cen-tious]
 - luxurious    a.奢侈的，豪华的    [lux-u-ri-ous]
 - luxury    n.奢侈(品)    [lux-u-ry]
 + rakish    a.潇洒的；放荡的    [rak-ish]
 - revelry    n.狂欢    [rev-el-ry]
 - swill    v.冲洗；痛饮    [swill]
 - sybaritic    a.放纵的    [sybaritic]
 - voluptuous    a.撩人的；沉溺于酒色的    [vo-lup-tu-ous]

***** sensualist 954.a

 - epicure    n.美食家    [ep-i-cure]
 + existential    a.有关存在的，存在主义的    [ex-is-ten-tial]
 + gourmand    n.嗜食者    [gour-mand]
 - gourmet    n.美食家    [gour-met]
 + hedonist    n.享乐主义者    [he-don-ist]
 + libertine    n.性行为放纵者，浪荡的人    [lib-er-tine]
 + sybarite    n.奢侈逸乐的人    [syb-a-rite]

***** asceticism 955

 - acerbic    a.苦涩的；刻薄的    [a-cer-bic]
 + ascetic    a.禁欲的；n.苦行者    [as-cet-ic]
 - austere    a.朴素的    [aus-tere]
 - austerity    n.朴素，艰苦    [aus-ter-i-ty]
 - cynic    n.犬儒主义者，愤世嫉俗者    [cyn-ic]
 - defeatist    n.失败主义者    [de-feat-ist]
 - hermit    n.隐士，修道者    [her-mit]
 - martyr    n.烈士，殉道者    [mar-tyr]
 - mortification    n.耻辱，屈辱    [mor-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 - penance    n.自我惩罚    [pen-ance]

***** fasting 956

 - famish    v.使饥饿    [fam-ish]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]

***** gluttony 957

 - avarice    n.贪财，贪婪    [av-a-rice]
 - avaricious    a.贪婪的，贪心的    [av-a-ri-cious]
 - bolt    v.急逃(to dash out; dart)；螺栓，门栓    [bolt]
 - cram    v.填塞，塞满；临时抱佛脚，为考试而学习    [cram]
 - devour    v.吞食；贪婪地享受    [de-vour]
 - epicure    n.美食家    [ep-i-cure]
 - esophagus    n.食道，食管    [e-soph-a-gus]
 + gluttonous    a.贪吃的，贪嘴的    [glut-ton-ous]
 - gorge    n.峡谷    [gorge]
 - gourmand    n.嗜食者    [gour-mand]
 - gourmet    n.美食家    [gour-met]
 - gulp    v.吞食，咽下    [gulp]
 + guzzle    v.大吃大喝    [guz-zle]
 - sybarite    n.奢侈逸乐的人    [syb-a-rite]
 - voracity    n.贪婪    [vo-rac-i-ty]

***** sobriety 958

 - sober    a.清醒的；庄重的    [so-ber]
 - sobriety    n.节制，庄重    [so-bri-e-ty]

***** drunkenness 959

 - carouse    n.狂饮寻乐    [ca-rouse]
 - flush    n./v.脸红；奔流；冲洗    [flush]
 + flustered    a.慌张的    [flustered]
 - guzzle    v.大吃大喝    [guz-zle]
 - lush    a.繁茂的，茂盛的    [lush]
 - maudlin    a.感情脆弱的，爱哭的    [maud-lin]
 - potation    n.畅饮；饮料    [po-ta-tion]
 - punch    v.以拳猛击；打洞    [punch]
 - soak    v.浸泡，渗透    [soak]
 - swill    v.冲洗；痛饮    [swill]

***** purity 960

 - chaste    a.贞洁的；朴实的    [chaste]
 - continent    a.自制的；n.大陆    [con-ti-nent]
 + decency    n.正派，端庄    [de-cen-cy]
 - decent    a.适当的，可接受的；得体的    [de-cent]
 - decorum    n.礼节，礼貌    [de-co-rum]
 - delicacy    n.细嫩；精致，优雅    [del-i-ca-cy]
 - delicate    a.娇嫩的；精致的，优美的    [del-i-cate]
 - modest    a.谦虚的，谨慎的；适度的    [mod-est]
 - prude    n.过分守礼的人    [prude]
 - purity    n.纯洁，纯净；纯度    [pu-ri-ty]
 - virtuous    a.有美德的；自命清高的    [vir-tu-ous]

***** impurity 961

 - abuse    v./n.辱骂; 滥用    [a-buse]
 + bawdy    a.淫猥的，好色的    [bawd-y]
 + bestial    a.野兽的，残忍的    [bes-ti-al]
 - coarse    a.粗糙的；低劣的；粗俗的    [coarse]
 - defile    v.弄污，弄脏；n.(山间)小道    [de-file]
 - dissolute    a.放荡的，无节制的    [dis-so-lute]
 - frail    a.脆弱的；不坚实的    [frail]
 - fulsome    a.虚情假意的；充足的    [ful-some]
 - gallant    a.勇敢的；(向女人)献殷勤的    [gal-lant]
 - gross    a.总的；粗野的；n.整个，全部    [gross]
 - intrigue    v.密谋；引起…极大兴趣    [in-trigue]
 + liaison    n.联系；暧昧关系    [li-ai-son]
 - licentious    a.纵欲的；放肆的    [li-cen-tious]
 - lust    n.强烈的欲望    [lust]
 - meretricious    a.华而不实的，俗艳的    [mer-e-tri-cious]
 - rakish    a.潇洒的；放荡的    [rak-ish]
 - rampant    a.蔓生的，猖獗的    [ram-pant]
 - ribald    a.下流的，粗鄙的    [rib-ald]
 - violate    v.违反，触犯    [vi-o-late]
 - voluptuous    a.撩人的；沉溺于酒色的    [vo-lup-tu-ous]

***** libertine 962

 - drab    a.枯黄色的；无聊的    [drab]
 - gallant    a.勇敢的；(向女人)献殷勤的    [gal-lant]
 - harridan    n.凶恶的老妇，老巫婆    [har-ri-dan]
 - jade    n.疲惫的老马；玉，翡翠    [jade]
 - libertine    n.性行为放纵者，浪荡的人    [lib-er-tine]
 - pander    v.怂恿，迎合(不良欲望)    [pan-der]
 - rig    v.欺骗，舞弊，伪造    [rig]
 - skit    n.幽默讽刺短剧    [skit]

*** 5. Moral Institutions

***** legality 963

 - attorney    n.律师    [at-tor-ney]
 - canon    n.经典，真作    [ca-non]
 - charter    n.(公司)执照；宪章；v.包租车船    [char-ter]
 - code    n.密码；法典；v.将某事物编写成密码    [code]
 + codify    v.将法律、规则等编成法典    [cod-i-fy]
 - constitution    n.宪法；体质    [con-sti-tu-tion]
 - constitutional    a.章程的，法规的；素质上的，本质的    [con-sti-tu-tion-al]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - enact    v.制定(法律)；扮演(角色)    [en-act]
 - equity    n.公平，公正    [eq-ui-ty]
 - formality    n.遵循的规范；拘泥形式；正式    [for-mal-i-ty]
 - formula    n.分子式；公式；套语，惯用语    [for-mu-la]
 - institution    n.公共机构，协会；制度    [in-sti-tu-tion]
 + legislate    v.制定法律    [leg-is-late]
 - legislation    n.法律，法规，立法    [leg-is-la-tion]
 - legislature    n.立法机关，立法团体    [leg-is-la-ture]
 - legitimate    a.合法的；正当的    [le-git-i-mate]
 - ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]
 - ordinance    n.法令，条例    [or-di-nance]
 - regulate    v.管制；调整    [reg-u-late]
 + rite    n.(宗教的)仪式    [rite]
 - statute    n.法规，法令    [stat-ute]
 + statutory    a.法定的；受法令所约束的    [stat-u-to-ry]
 + tribunal    n.法庭，裁判所    [tri-bu-nal]

***** illegality 964

 - arbitrary    a.专横的，不理智的    [ar-bi-trar-y]
 - contraband    n.违禁品，走私货    [con-tra-band]
 - corrupt    a.堕落的，腐败的；文体有错误的    [cor-rupt]
 + despotic    a.专横的，暴虐的    [des-pot-ic]
 - despotism    n.专制，暴政    [des-pot-ism]
 - illegal    a.违法的    [il-le-gal]
 - illegitimate    a.不合法的；私生的    [il-le-git-i-mate]
 - illicit    a.违法的    [il-lic-it]
 - smuggle    v.走私，私运    [smug-gle]
 - summary    n.摘要，概要；a.摘要的，简略的    [sum-ma-ry]
 + unregulated    a.未受管理的，未受约束的    [un-reg-u-lat-ed]
 - unwarranted    a.没有根据的    [un-war-rant-ed]

***** jurisdiction 965

 + judicial    a.法庭的，法官的    [ju-di-cial]
 - jurisdiction    n.司法权，审判权，裁判权    [ju-ris-dic-tion]
 + municipality    n.市；市政当局(指城市行政区及管理者)    [mu-nic-i-pal-i-ty]
 + sheriff    n.警长，县治安官    [sher-iff]
 - tribunal    n.法庭，裁判所    [tri-bu-nal]

***** tribunal 966

 - bench    n.法官席；长凳    [bench]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - forum    n.辩论的场所，讲坛    [fo-rum]
 - judicial    a.法庭的，法官的    [ju-di-cial]
 - tribunal    n.法庭，裁判所    [tri-bu-nal]

***** judge 967

 - arbiter    n.权威人士，泰斗    [ar-bi-ter]
 - censor    v.审查，检查(书报)    [cen-sor]
 - chancellor    n.大臣，总理，首席法官，大学校长    [chan-cel-lor]
 - court    n.法庭，法院；宫廷，朝廷；v.献殷勤；追求    [court]
 - discriminatory    a.歧视的，差别待遇的    [dis-crim-i-na-to-ry]
 - judicial    a.法庭的，法官的    [ju-di-cial]
 - litigant    n.诉讼当事人    [lit-i-gant]
 - referee    n.裁判员；仲裁者    [ref-er-ee]
 - umpire    n.裁判；v.对…进行仲裁    [um-pire]

***** lawyer 968

 - advocate    >v.拥护，支持，鼓吹；n.支持者，拥护者    [ad-vo-cate]
 - attorney    n.律师    [at-tor-ney]
 - bar    v.禁止，阻挡；n.条，棒    [ba-r]
 + civilian    n.平民    [ci-vil-ian]
 - plead    v.恳求，提出…为理由    [plead]
 - proctor    n.代理人，学监    [proc-tor]
 - pundit    n.权威人士，专家    [pun-dit]

***** lawsuit 969

 - accuse    v.谴责，指责    [ac-cuse]
 - affidavit    n.宣誓书    [af-fi-da-vit]
 - appeal    v.恳求；吸引；上诉    [ap-peal]
 - apprehend    v.逮捕；恐惧    [ap-pre-hend]
 - arrest    v.依法逮捕；阻止，抑制    [ar-rest]
 - attach    v.将某物系在(另一物)上    [at-ta-ch]
 - cite    v.引用，引述    [cite]
 - claim    v.要求或索; 要n.声称拥有的权力    [claim]
 - commit    v.托付；承诺；犯罪    [com-mit]
 - defendant    n.被告    [de-fend-ant]
 - dispute    v.争论    [dis-pute]
 - impeach    v.指责；弹劾    [im-peach]
 - indict    v.控诉，起诉    [in-dict]
 - litigant    n.诉讼当事人    [lit-i-gant]
 - litigation    n.诉讼    [lit-i-ga-tion]
 - plaintiff    n.原告    [plain-tiff]
 - prosecute    v.告发，检举    [pros-e-cute]
 - prosecution    n.起诉；实行，经营    [pros-e-cu-tion]
 - rebuttal    n.反驳，反证    [re-but-tal]
 - subpoena    n.(法律)传票；v.传讯    [sub-poe-na]
 - summon    v.召见；召集    [sum-mon]
 - verdict    n.判决，决定    [ver-dict]
 - writ    n.命令状，书面命令    [writ]

***** acquittal 970

 - absolve    v.赦免，免除    [ab-solve]
 - acquit    v.宣告无罪；脱卸义务和责任；还清(债务)    [ac-quit]
 - acquittal    n.宣告无罪，开释    [ac-quit-tal]
 - discharge    v.流出；释放；解雇；履行义务    [dis-charge]
 - exculpate    v.开脱，申明无罪    [ex-cul-pate]
 - exonerate    v.免除责任；确定无罪    [ex-on-er-ate]
 - immunity    n.免疫；豁免    [im-mu-ni-ty]
 - impunity    n.免除惩罚    [im-pu-ni-ty]
 - liberate    v.释放，解放    [lib-er-ate]
 - release    v.释放，放出；n.释放    [re-lease]
 - reprieve    v.缓刑，暂时解救；n.缓刑，暂时解救    [re-prieve]
 - respite    n.休息；暂缓    [res-pite]

***** condemnation 971

 - accuse    v.谴责，指责    [ac-cuse]
 - cast    n.演员阵容；剧团；v.扔；铸造    [cast]
 - condemn    v.极力谴责；判刑    [con-demn]
 - confiscate    v.没收；充公    [con-fis-cate]
 - convict    v.定罪；n.罪犯    [con-vict]
 - conviction    n.判罪；坚信    [con-vic-tion]
 - guilty    a.有罪的    [guilt-y]
 - penalize    v.置(某人)于不利地位；处罚    [pe-nal-ize]
 + penalty    n.刑罚，处罚    [pen-al-ty]
 - proscribe    v.禁止    [pro-scribe]

***** punishment 972

 - banish    v.放逐某人    [ban-ish]
 - baste    v.倒油脂于(烤肉上，以防烤干)    [baste]
 - beat    v.心跳；搅拌    [beat]
 - belabor    v.过分冗长地做或说；痛打    [be-la-bor]
 - cane    n.拐杖    [cane]
 - castigate    v.惩治，严责    [cas-ti-gate]
 - castigation    n.惩罚，苛评    [cas-ti-ga-tion]
 - chastise    v.严厉惩罚；谴责    [chas-tise]
 - cob    n.玉米棒子；雄天鹅    [cob]
 - decimate    v.毁掉大部分；大量杀死    [dec-i-mate]
 - demote    v.降级，降职    [de-mote]
 - disbar    v.取消律师资格    [dis-bar]
 - discipline    v.训练，训导；n.纪律；惩罚，处分    [dis-ci-pline]
 - douse    v.把…浸入水中；熄灭    [douse]
 - execute    v.执行，履行；将某人处死    [ex-e-cute]
 - expel    v.排出；开除    [ex-pel]
 - flax    n.亚麻    [flax]
 - guillotine    n.断头台    [guil-lo-tine]
 - impale    v.刺入，刺中    [im-pale]
 - lace    n.鞋带，系带；网眼花边，透孔织品    [lace]
 + lambaste    v.痛打；痛骂    [lam-baste]
 - lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 - ostracism    n.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cism]
 - ostracize    v.放逐，排斥    [os-tra-cize]
 - penalty    n.刑罚，处罚    [pen-al-ty]
 + redirect    v.改寄(信件)；改变方向    [re-di-rect]
 - retribution    n.报应，惩罚    [ret-ri-bu-tion]
 - scaffold    n.脚手架(造房时搭的架子)    [scaf-fold]
 - scourge    n.鞭笞；磨难；v.鞭笞，磨难    [scourge]
 - shoot    n.嫩芽，新芽    [shoot]
 - spank    v.打，拍打(在屁股上)    [spank]
 - swing    v.摇摆；旋转；n.秋千    [swing]
 - transport    v.运输；n.狂喜    [trans-port]
 - trim    v.修剪；a.井井有条的    [trim]

***** reward 973

 - acknowledge    v.承认；致谢    [ac-knowl-edge]
 - allowance    n.津贴，补助；承认，允许    [al-low-ance]
 - bribe    v.贿赂    [bribe]
 - compensate    v.补偿，赔偿    [com-pen-sate]
 - compensatory    a.补偿性的，报酬的    [com-pen-sa-to-ry]
 - crown    v.加冕，使成王，居…之顶    [crown]
 - honorarium    n.酬劳金，谢礼    [hon-o-rar-i-um]
 - indemnify    v.赔偿，偿付    [in-dem-ni-fy]
 - indemnity    n.赔偿；保证    [in-dem-ni-ty]
 + perquisite    n.固定津贴，利益    [per-qui-site]
 - premium    n.保险费；奖金    [pre-mi-um]
 - recompense    v.报酬，赔偿    [rec-om-pense]
 - redress    n.改正，修正    [re-dress]
 - remunerative    a.报酬高的，有利润的    [re-mu-ner-a-tive]
 - reparation    n.赔偿，补偿    [rep-a-ra-tion]
 - requite    v.报答；报复    [re-quite]
 - retribution    n.报应，惩罚    [ret-ri-bu-tion]
 - reward    n.酬报，奖赏；v.酬谢，奖赏    [re-ward]
 + rewarding    a.有益的，值得做的    [re-ward-ing]
 - salvage    n./v.(从灾难中)抢救，海上救助    [sal-vage]
 - sop    n.泡过的食品；安慰品    [sop]
 - tribute    n.赞辞；贡物    [trib-ute]
 - wage    v.开始，进行(战争，运动)    [wage]

***** penalty 974

 - confiscate    v.没收；充公    [con-fis-cate]
 - forfeit    v.丧失，被罚没收；n.丧失物    [for-feit]
 - penalty    n.刑罚，处罚    [pen-al-ty]
 - penance    n.自我惩罚    [pen-ance]
 - retribution    n.报应，惩罚    [ret-ri-bu-tion]
 - sequester    v.(使)隐退；使隔离    [se-ques-ter]

***** scourge 975

 - cane    n.拐杖    [cane]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - guillotine    n.断头台    [guil-lo-tine]
 - lash    n.鞭子；v.鞭打；捆住    [lash]
 + pillory    n.颈手枷；示众，嘲弄    [pil-lo-ry]
 - redirect    v.改寄(信件)；改变方向    [re-di-rect]
 - scaffold    n.脚手架(造房时搭的架子)    [scaf-fold]
 - scourge    n.鞭笞；磨难；v.鞭笞，磨难    [scourge]
 - stake    n.柱桩；赌注    [stake]

** Section V. Religious Affections

*** 1. Superhuman Beings and Regions

***** deity 976

 - celestial    a.天体的，天上的    [ce-les-ti-al]
 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 - empyreal    a.天空的    [em-pyr-e-al]
 + hallowed    a.神圣的    [hal-lowed]
 - infinity    n.无限的时间或空间    [in-fin-i-ty]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - justify    v.证明…是正当的    [jus-ti-fy]
 - mediate    v.调停    [me-di-ate]
 - omniscient    a.无所不知的，博识的    [om-nis-ci-ent]
 - ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]
 - propitiate    v.讨好；抚慰    [pro-pi-ti-ate]
 - redeem    v.赎罪    [re-deem]
 - redemptive    a.赎回的，救赎的，救世的    [redemptive]
 - sacred    a.神圣的，庄严的    [sa-cred]
 - sanctify    v.使神圣    [sanc-ti-fy]
 - sovereignty    n.主权，统治权    [sov-er-eign-ty]
 - spiritual    a.精神的    [spir-it-u-al]
 - theocracy    n.神权政治    [the-oc-ra-cy]
 - unearthly    a.奇异的    [un-earth-ly]
 - uphold    v.维护，支持    [up-hold]

***** angel 977

 + cherubic    a.(尤指孩子)胖乎乎而天真无邪的    [che-ru-bic]
 - saintly    a.圣徒似的，极为圣洁的    [saint-ly]
 - seraphic    a.如天使般的，美丽的    [se-raph-ic]

***** satan 978



***** Jupiter 979

 + folklore    n.民间传说；民俗学    [folk-lore]
 - sibyl    n.女预言家，女先知    [sib-yl]

***** demon 980

 - apparition    n.幽灵，神奇的现象    [ap-pa-ri-tion]
 - dwarf    n.侏儒；矮小的植物；v.使变矮小    [dwarf]
 + imp    n.小鬼；顽童    [imp]
 - incubus    n.恶梦；梦魇般的精神压力，负担    [in-cu-bus]
 - possessed    a.着迷的；疯狂的    [pos-sessed]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]
 - specter    n.鬼魂，幽灵；恐惧    [spec-ter]
 - spectral    a.幽灵的    [spec-tral]
 - uncanny    a.神秘的，不可思议的    [un-can-ny]
 - unearthly    a.奇异的    [un-earth-ly]

***** heaven 981

 - celestial    a.天体的，天上的    [ce-les-ti-al]
 - unearthly    a.奇异的    [un-earth-ly]

***** hell 982

 + inferno    n.火海，地狱般的场所    [in-fer-no]
 - purgatory    n.炼狱；受苦受难的地方    [pur-ga-to-ry]
 - stygian    a.阴暗的，阴森森的    [stygian]

*** 2. Religious Doctrines

***** theology 983

 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 + religion    n.宗教，信仰    [re-li-gion]

***** orthodoxy 983.a

 - catholic    a.普遍的；广泛的；(人)宽厚的    [cath-o-lic]
 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 - orthodox    a.正统的    [or-tho-dox]

***** heterodoxy 984

 - apocryphal    a.假冒的，虚假的    [a-poc-ry-phal]
 - apostasy    n.背教，脱党    [a-pos-ta-sy]
 - apostate    n.背教者；变节者    [a-pos-tate]
 - bigot    n.(宗教、政治等的)盲信者；心胸狭窄者    [big-ot]
 - catholic    a.普遍的；广泛的；(人)宽厚的    [cath-o-lic]
 - dissent    v.不同意，持异议    [dis-sent]
 - dissident    n.唱反调者    [dis-si-dent]
 + ethnic    a.种族的    [eth-nic]
 - existential    a.有关存在的，存在主义的    [ex-is-ten-tial]
 - extremist    n.极端主义者    [ex-trem-ist]
 - fanatic    n.狂热者    [fa-nat-ic]
 - heresy    n.异端邪说    [her-e-sy]
 - heretic    n.异教徒    [her-e-tic]
 - heretical    a.异端邪说的    [he-ret-i-cal]
 - heterodox    a.异端的，非正统的    [het-er-o-dox]
 - iconoclast    n.攻击传统观念或风俗的人    [i-con-o-clast]
 + iconoclastic    a.对传统观念(或惯例)进行攻击的    [i-con-o-clas-tic]
 - maverick    n.想法与众不同的人    [mav-er-ick]
 - nonconformist    adj./n.不遵照传统生活的(人)    [non-con-form-ist]
 + pagan    n.没有宗教信仰的人；异教徒    [pa-gan]
 - schism    n.组织分裂    [schism]
 - secular    a.世俗的，尘世的    [sec-u-lar]
 - visionary    a.有远见的；幻想的；n.空想家    [vi-sion-ar-y]

***** Judeo-christian revelation 985

 + apocalyptic    a.预示世界末日的；启示的    [a-poc-a-lyp-tic]
 - canonical    a.符合规定的；经典的    [ca-non-i-cal]
 - disciple    n.信徒，弟子    [dis-ci-ple]
 - gospel    n.教义，信条    [gos-pel]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - inspired    a.有创见的，有灵感的    [in-spired]
 - prophet    n.先知，预言家    [proph-et]
 - prophetic    a.先知的，预言的，预示的    [pro-phet-ic]
 - revelation    n.显示；泄露的事实    [rev-e-la-tion]
 - sacred    a.神圣的，庄严的    [sa-cred]
 - scripture    n.经文，圣典    [scrip-ture]

***** pseudo-revelation 986



*** 3. Religious Sentiments

***** piety 987

 - catholic    a.普遍的；广泛的；(人)宽厚的    [cath-o-lic]
 - convert    v.使改变(信仰等)；n.改变信仰的人    [con-vert]
 - devoted    a.投入的，热爱的    [de-vot-ed]
 - devotee    n.爱好者    [dev-o-tee]
 + devout    a.虔敬的；忠诚的，忠心的    [de-vout]
 - edify    v.陶冶，启发    [ed-i-fy]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 - humility    n.谦逊，谦恭    [hu-mil-i-ty]
 - inspiration    n.启示，灵感    [in-spi-ra-tion]
 - inspired    a.有创见的，有灵感的    [in-spired]
 - justification    n.正当理由，好的（正义的）原因；辨护    [jus-ti-fi-ca-tion]
 + pious    a.虔诚的，尽责的    [pi-ous]
 - religion    n.宗教，信仰    [re-li-gion]
 - revere    v.尊敬    [re-vere]
 - sacred    a.神圣的，庄严的    [sa-cred]
 - saintly    a.圣徒似的，极为圣洁的    [saint-ly]
 - sanctify    v.使神圣    [sanc-ti-fy]
 - seraphic    a.如天使般的，美丽的    [se-raph-ic]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - spiritual    a.精神的    [spir-it-u-al]
 - unearthly    a.奇异的    [un-earth-ly]

***** impiety 988

 - austerity    n.朴素，艰苦    [aus-ter-i-ty]
 - bigot    n.(宗教、政治等的)盲信者；心胸狭窄者    [big-ot]
 + blasphemy    n.亵渎，渎神    [blas-phe-my]
 - cant    n.斜坡，斜面；隐语，术语，黑话；v.使倾斜    [cant]
 - conformist    n.尊奉者，英国国教徒    [con-form-ist]
 - desecrate    v.玷辱，亵渎    [des-e-crate]
 - devotee    n.爱好者    [dev-o-tee]
 - fanatic    n.狂热者    [fa-nat-ic]
 - hypocrite    n.伪善者，伪君子    [hyp-o-crite]
 - hypocritical    a.虚伪的    [hyp-o-crit-i-cal]
 - profane    v.亵渎，玷污    [pro-fane]
 - reprobate    v.谴责，指责；adj./n.堕落的(人)    [rep-ro-bate]
 - revile    v.辱骂，恶言相向    [re-vile]
 + sacrilege    n.亵渎，冒犯神灵    [sac-ri-lege]
 + sacrilegious    a.亵渎神圣的    [sac-ri-le-gious]
 + sanctimonious    a.假装神圣的    [sanc-ti-mo-ni-ous]
 - scoff    v.嘲笑；狼吞虎咽；n.嘲笑，笑柄    [scoff]
 - unctuous    a.油质的；油腔滑调的    [unc-tu-ous]
 - wicked    a.极坏的；淘气的    [wick-ed]

***** irreligion 989

 + agnostic    a.不可知论的    [ag-nos-tic]
 - bout    n.一回合，一阵    [bout]
 - earthly    a.现世的，尘世的    [earth-ly]
 - incredulity    n.怀疑，不相信    [in-cre-du-li-ty]
 - mundane    a.现世的，世俗的    [mun-dane]

*** 4. Acts Of Religion

***** worship 990

 - adore    v.崇拜；热爱    [a-dore]
 - adulate    v.谄媚，奉承    [ad-u-late]
 + anthem    n.圣歌；赞美歌，国歌    [an-them]
 - aspiration    n.抱负，热望    [as-pi-ra-tion]
 - aspire    v.向往，有志于    [as-pire]
 - benediction    n.祝福；祈祷    [ben-e-dic-tion]
 - chant    n.圣歌；v.歌唱或背诵    [chant]
 - communicate    v.传送信息，沟通    [com-mu-ni-cate]
 + cult    n.宗派；崇拜    [cult]
 + devotional    a.献身的，崇拜的    [de-vo-tion-al]
 - devout    a.虔敬的；忠诚的，忠心的    [de-vout]
 - discipline    v.训练，训导；n.纪律；惩罚，处分    [dis-ci-pline]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - fervid    a.炽热的，热情的    [fer-vid]
 - grace    n.优美    [grace]
 - homage    n.效忠，崇敬    [hom-age]
 - humble    a.卑微的；v.使谦卑    [hum-ble]
 - hymn    n.赞美诗    [hymn]
 - idolater    n.神像(偶像)崇拜者    [i-dol-a-ter]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - invoke    v.祈求；恳求；(法律的)实施生效    [in-voke]
 - laud    v.称赞    [laud]
 - magnify    v.放大；赞美    [mag-ni-fy]
 - paean    n.赞美歌，颂歌    [pae-an]
 - petition    n.请愿；请愿书    [pe-ti-tion]
 - prostrate    a.俯卧的；沮丧的；v.使下跪鞠躬    [pros-trate]
 - response    n.反应，响应，回答    [re-sponse]
 - revere    v.尊敬    [re-vere]
 - sacrifice    n.牺牲；v.宰牲祭神    [sac-ri-fice]
 - solemn    a.严肃的，庄严的；黑色的    [sol-emn]
 - supplicate    v.恳求，乞求    [sup-pli-cate]
 - worship    v./n.崇拜，敬仰    [wor-ship]

***** idolatry 991

 - deify    v.奉为神；崇拜    [de-i-fy]

***** sorcery 992

 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 + clairvoyance    n.超人的洞察力    [clair-voy-ance]
 - conjure    v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法    [con-jure]
 - enchant    v.使迷醉；施魔法于    [en-chant]
 - entrance    v.使出神，使入迷    [en-trance]
 + exorcise    v.驱魔；去除(坏念头等)    [ex-or-cise]
 - mystic    a.神秘的，不可思议的；n.神秘主义者    [mys-tic]
 - obsess    v.迷住；使…困窘，使…烦扰    [ob-sess]
 - ordeal    n.严峻考验，痛苦经验    [or-deal]
 + sorcery    n.巫术，魔法    [sor-cer-y]
 - taboo    a.讳忌的；n.禁忌    [ta-boo]

***** spell 993

 + amulet    n.护身符    [am-u-let]
 - charm    n.魅力；咒语，咒符    [charm]
 - incantation    n.咒语    [in-can-ta-tion]
 - spell    n.连续的一段时间    [spell]
 - talisman    n.避邪物，护身符    [tal-is-man]

***** sorcerer 994

 - medium    n.媒介；(细菌等的)生存环境    [me-di-um]
 - siren    n.汽笛，警报器    [si-ren]

*** 5. Religious Institutions

***** churchdom 995

 - canonical    a.符合规定的；经典的    [ca-non-i-cal]
 - conclave    n.秘密会议    [con-clave]
 - induct    v.使就职；使入伍    [in-duct]
 - induction    n.就职，入伍仪式；归纳    [in-duc-tion]
 - institution    n.公共机构，协会；制度    [in-sti-tu-tion]
 - ordain    v.任命(神职)；颁发命令    [or-dain]
 - pastoral    a.田园生活的；宁静的    [pas-to-ral]
 + pontifical    a.自以为是的；武断的    [pon-tif-i-cal]
 + pontificate    v.自大武断地做或说    [pon-tif-i-cate]
 - presentation    n.表演，介绍，描述    [pres-en-ta-tion]
 - stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]
 - theocracy    n.神权政治    [the-oc-ra-cy]

***** clergy 996

 + acolyte    n.(教士的)助手，侍僧    [ac-o-lyte]
 - canon    n.经典，真作    [ca-non]
 - cardinal    a.最重要的；n.红衣主教    [car-di-nal]
 - chef    n.厨师    [chef]
 - choir    n.(教堂的)歌唱队    [choir]
 - divine    v.推测，预言    [di-vine]
 - eminence    n.卓越，杰出    [em-i-nence]
 - guru    n.古鲁(印度的宗教领袖)；(受尊敬的)教师或权威    [gu-ru]
 - incumbent    n.在职者，现任者；a.义不容辞的    [in-cum-bent]
 - mendicant    a.行乞的；n.乞丐    [men-di-cant]
 - metropolitan    a.大都市的，首都的    [met-ro-pol-i-tan]
 - novice    n.生手，新手    [nov-ice]
 - pilgrim    n.朝圣客，香客    [pil-grim]
 + primate    n.灵长类(动物)    [pri-mate]
 - prophet    n.先知，预言家    [proph-et]
 - vicar    n.教区牧师    [vic-ar]

***** laity 997

 - civil    a.国内的；公民的；文明的    [civ-il]
 - civilian    n.平民    [ci-vil-ian]
 - flock    n.羊群；鸟群    [flock]
 - fold    n.羊栏，畜栏；v.折叠    [fold]
 + laity    n.俗信徒，俗人阶级；外行    [la-i-ty]
 - profane    v.亵渎，玷污    [pro-fane]
 - secular    a.世俗的，尘世的    [sec-u-lar]
 - temporal    a.时间的；世俗的    [tem-po-ral]

***** rite 998

 - advent    n.到来，来临    [ad-vent]
 - aspersion    n.诽谤，中伤    [as-per-sion]
 - burial    n.埋葬，埋藏    [bur-i-al]
 - ceremony    n.典礼，仪式    [cer-e-mo-ny]
 - communicate    v.传送信息，沟通    [com-mu-ni-cate]
 - confess    v.承认，供认    [con-fess]
 - confirm    v.证实，证明    [con-firm]
 - cross    a.生气的    [cross]
 - discourse    n.演讲，论述    [dis-course]
 - fast    n.绝食，斋戒；adv.很快地，紧紧地    [fast]
 - incantation    n.咒语    [in-can-ta-tion]
 - incense    n.香，香味；v.激怒    [in-cense]
 - ordinance    n.法令，条例    [or-di-nance]
 - pastoral    a.田园生活的；宁静的    [pas-to-ral]
 - penance    n.自我惩罚    [pen-ance]
 - preach    v.传教，讲道    [preach]
 - rite    n.(宗教的)仪式    [rite]
 - ritual    n.仪式，例行习惯    [rit-u-al]
 - sermon    n.布道；说教，训诫    [ser-mon]
 - solemnity    n.庄严，肃穆    [so-lem-ni-ty]

***** canonicals 999

 - apron    n.围裙    [a-pron]
 - costume    n.服装；剧装    [cos-tume]
 - pall    v.令人发腻，失去吸引力    [pall]
 - robe    n.长袍，礼服    [robe]
 - scarf    n.围巾，披肩    [scarf]

***** temple 1000

 + cathedral    n.总教堂，主教堂    [ca-the-dral]
 + chapel    n.(附属于教堂或监狱等的)小教堂    [chap-el]
 - choir    n.(教堂的)歌唱队    [choir]
 - cloister    n.修道院    [clois-ter]
 - credence    n.相信，信任    [cre-dence]
 - homiletics    n.讲道术，说教术    [hom-i-let-ics]
 - lectern    n.教堂里的读经台    [lec-tern]
 + mosque    n.清真寺(伊斯兰教的寺庙)    [mosque]
 - oratory    n.演讲术    [or-a-to-ry]
 - shrine    n.神龛，圣地    [shrine]
 - stall    v.使停止，使延迟    [stall]

* 

 + accrete    v.逐渐增长；添加生长；连生    [ac-crete]
 + acrophobia    n.恐高症    [ac-ro-pho-bi-a]
 + affordable    a.能够支付的    [af-ford-a-ble]
 + aluminium    n.铝    [al-u-min-i-um]
 + anaerobic    a.厌氧的    [an-aer-o-bic]
 + antihistamine    n.(治疗过敏的)抗组胺剂    [an-ti-his-ta-mine]
 + apocrypha    n.伪经，伪书    [a-poc-ry-pha]
 + aquifer    n.含水土层    [aq-ui-fer]
 + artifacts    n.史前古器物    [artifacts]
 + assertiveness    n.过分自信    [as-ser-tive-ness]
 + byline    n.(列作者名字的)报刊文章首行    [byline]
 + byproduct    n.副产品；副作用    [byproduct]
 + carcinogen    n.致癌物    [car-cin-o-gen]
 + centigrade    a.百分度的，摄氏温度计的    [cen-ti-grade]
 + coagulant    n.凝结剂；凝血剂    [co-ag-u-lant]
 + conflate    v.合并    [con-flate]
 + criteria    n.评判标准    [cri-te-ri-a]
 + decibel    n.分贝(音量的单位)    [dec-i-bel]
 + defoliator    n.落叶剂    [de-fo-li-a-tor]
 + deforestation    n.采伐森林    [de-for-est-a-tion]
 + demotic    a.民众的，通俗的    [de-mot-ic]
 + demystify    v.弄清楚    [de-mys-ti-fy]
 + diabetes    n.糖尿病    [di-a-be-tes]
 + discography    n.唱片分类目录；录音音乐研究    [dis-cog-ra-phy]
 + discombobulated    a.扰乱的，打乱的    [dis-com-bob-u-lat-ed]
 + divestiture    n.脱衣，卸下装饰；剥夺财产；取消称号    [di-vest-i-ture]
 + dysfunctional    a.功能失调的    [dysfunctional]
 + dyslexia    n.阅读障碍    [dys-lex-i-a]
 + earplug    n.耳塞    [ear-plug]
 + effluvia    n.气味，恶臭；废料    [ef-flu-vi-a]
 + egalitarian    a.主张人人平等的    [e-gal-i-tar-i-an]
 + enfetter    v.给…上脚镣；束缚，使受制于    [en-fet-ter]
 + enflame    v.使愤怒或激动    [en-flame]
 + entrée    n.正餐前的开胃菜；获准进入的权利    [en-trée]
 + exponentially    adv.指数地；迅速增长地    [ex-po-nen-tial-ly]
 + factorable    a.能分解成因子的    [fac-tor-a-ble]
 + flaggy    a.枯萎的；松软无力的    [flag-gy]
 + flaunty    a.炫耀的，张扬的    [flaunt-y]
 + freelancer    n.自由职业者    [free-lanc-er]
 + geometrician    n.几何学家    [ge-om-e-tri-cian]
 + glitch    n.小故障    [glitch]
 + gravitational    a.万有引力的    [grav-i-ta-tion-al]
 + gusher    n.滔滔不绝的说话者；喷油井    [gush-er]
 + hyperactivity    n.活动过强，极度亢奋    [hy-per-ac-tiv-i-ty]
 + hypotenuse    n.(直角三角形的)斜边    [hy-pot-e-nuse]
 + ingénue    n.天真无邪的少女    [in-gé-nue]
 + inhibitor    n.抑制剂    [in-hib-i-tor]
 + institutionalized    a.制度化的，有组织的    [in-sti-tu-tion-al-ized]
 + insulin    n.胰岛素    [in-su-lin]
 + irradicable    a.不能根除的    [irradicable]
 + juggernaut    n.摧毁一切的强大力量    [jug-ger-naut]
 + landfill    n.垃圾堆    [landfill]
 + misperceive    v.误解    [mis-per-ceive]
 + naysay    v.拒绝，说不    [naysay]
 + nonradioactive    a.非放射性的    [non-ra-di-o-ac-tive]
 + nonthreatening    a.不威胁的    [non-threat-en-ing]
 + nucleate    v.使成核    [nu-cle-ate]
 + offence(offense)    n.得罪；错事    [offence(offense)]
 + overexposure    n.过分暴露，(照相)暴光过度    [o-ver-ex-po-sure]
 + painkiller    n.止痛药    [pain-kil-ler]
 + percussionist    n.敲击乐器的乐师    [per-cus-sion-ist]
 + phenomena    n.(复数)现象；科学研究的现象    [phe-nom-e-na]
 + philatelist    n.集邮家    [phi-lat-e-list]
 + philately    n.集邮    [phi-lat-e-ly]
 + photosynthesis    n.光合作用    [pho-to-syn-the-sis]
 + platonic    a.理论的；纯精神上的，没有感官欲望的    [platonic]
 + potentiate    v.加强(力量，效果)    [po-ten-ti-ate]
 + précis    n.摘要，大纲    [pré-cis]
 + preliterate    a.文字出现以前的    [pre-lit-er-ate]
 + reactant    n.反应物    [re-ac-tant]
 + relenting    a.减弱的，怜悯的    [relenting]
 + scad    n.许多，大量    [scad]
 + spackle    n.填泥料(用以填塞裂缝和洞穴)    [spack-le]
 + taxonomist    n.分类学家    [tax-on-o-mist]
 + technocrat    n.技术管理人员    [tech-no-crat]
 + temp    v.做临时工作    [temp]
 + tonsorial    a.理发师的，理发的    [ton-so-ri-al]
 + underutilized    a.未充分利用的    [underutilized]
 + unprovoked    a.(生气等)无缘无故的    [un-pro-voked]
 + unscented    a.无气味的<e无气味的>(without scent)    [un-scent-ed]
 + viral    a.病毒性的    [vi-ral]
 + walrus    n.海象    [wal-rus]
 + xerophyte    n.旱生植物    [xe-ro-phyte]