id family group language idiom type genlang_point map chapter value1 feature1 value2 feature2 case governed by postposition type of spatial case instrumental value_as_in_source source page comment contributor form example_as_in_source example gloss translation_as_in_source translation example_source example_page example_comment date 1 East Caucasian Lezgic Agul Standard Agul language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, superlative maisak2014 390 origin: noun in postessive (-q) + stative verb converb with postessive prefix (q-); other forms available in some of the dialects (see Maisak 2014: 390-391) Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -qaj (-qari) χawa ʕasker-ar.i-qaj raqː.u hat.u-naw then army-pl.obl-com way(in) send(pf)-aor Отправили (юношу) в путь с войском They sent (the young boy) on the way with the army maisak2014 140--141 43.40.00 4 East Caucasian Lezgic Archi Archi language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative орудийно-сопроводительный падеж mikailov1967 55 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ɬːu to-w-mu zon žu-ɬːu ɬːʷa cili-ši č'ebā-r dem-m-erg I refl.obl-com together Azerbaijan-all go.imp-quot He tells me, let’s go to Azerbaijan together (with him) He tells me, let’s go to Azerbaijan together (with him) daniel2006 NA (8) 43.40.00 7 East Caucasian Avar Avar Standard Avar language yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form ergative, absolutive with contact verbs (e.g. hit), sometimes comitative alekseevetal2012 236 sometimes instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! гьел пионерал=гун унел рукӀана Они с пионерами шли They were going with the pioneers alekseevetal2012 236 43.40.00 8 East Caucasian Avar Avar Standard Avar language no no Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form superessive alekseevetal2012 243 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato cadaq di-da cadaq I.obl-sup(ess) with со мной with me alekseevetal2012 243 43.40.00 9 Turkic Oghuz Azerbaijani Standard Azerbaijani language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form nominative/genitive #NAME? shiralievsevortyan1971 164 instrumental, comitative, path, manner Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato ilə (=lə/la) Eyvaz=la Gulšən Xanpəri-nin yan-ı-na get-di-lər Eyvaz=with Gulšən Xanpəri-gen near-pos-dat go-pst.3-pl Эйваз и Польщен пошли к Ханпери Eyvaz and Gulšən went to Xanpəri shiralievsevortyan1971 164 43.40.00 10 East Caucasian Andic Bagvalal Kvanada village yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form ergative daraganmaisak2001 176 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! wašː jas=eːna w-aː brother girl=com m-arrive.pst Пришёл брат с девочкой. The brother arrived with a girl daraganmaisak2001 176 43.40.00 11 East Caucasian Tsezic Bezhta Bezhta village yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form cumessive instrumental, absolutive with contact verbs (e.g. hit) comrieetal2015 266, 269 can be used with postpositions; e.g. q'ac'o 'together with' Chiara Naccarato -ʁoj ож-ди-гъой во м-екь-ейо boy-obl-cum(ess) dog n-go-aor вместе с мальчиком собака ушла the dog went away with the boy madieva1965 76 44.41.00 12 East Caucasian Andic Botlikh Botlikh village yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form ergative alexeyevverheesdraft2020 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! huɬːa hinc'u-č'u w-esqe kurt'a=ɬːi wacːi ida min k'ːʷand-i=talu w-aqašː-u there door-cont m-behind hammer=com brother cop 2sg kill-inf=quot m-hide-cvb There behind the door is my brother with a hammer to kill you There behind the door is my brother with a hammer to kill you alexeyevverheesdraft2020 43.40.00 13 East Caucasian Andic Botlikh Botlikh village no no Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form contessive saidovaabusov2012 557 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato sandu di-č'u sandu you.sg-cont(ess) together вместе с тобой with you saidovaabusov2012 557 43.40.00 14 East Caucasian Lezgic Budukh Budukh language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking instrumental Case form #NAME? орудно-сопроводительный падеж talibov2007 83 base: noun in the dative Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -yn Зар лаlхlиlлдыз-ын гlошхорави Корова с теленком идет The cow goes with its calf talibov2007 84 43.40.00 15 East Caucasian Andic Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form ergative совместный падеж bokarev1949a 47 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! дӣ̃ вуна има=ла=чlа̃ (//има=чlа̃) вогъулlал я пошел с отцом в лес I went to the forest with (my) father bokarev1949a 47 43.40.00 16 East Caucasian Nakh Chechen Standard Chechen language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking instrumental Case form #NAME? jakovlev1960 32 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ca ħa txüŏ-ca v-oːǧu? you.sg we.excl.obl-ins m-go Are you going with us? Are you going with us? nichols1994 70 43.40.00 5 Indo-European Armenic Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking instrumental Case form #NAME? dum-tragut2009 394 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ov (...) hskayakan banak-ov (...) huge army-ins (...) with a huge army (...) (...) with a huge army (...) dum-tragut2009 394 43.40.00 6 Indo-European Armenic Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian language no no Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form dative dum-tragut2009 394 het miasin 'together with' + dat Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato het (...) ord-u het (...) son-dat with (...) with (her) son (...) (...) with (her) son (...) dum-tragut2009 394 43.40.00 25 Kartvelian Georgic Georgian Standard Georgian language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form instrumental instrumental hewitt1995 532 urt = from numeral ert-i 'one' Chiara Naccarato #NAME? col-švil-it=urt wife-child-ins=with with wife and child with wife and child hewitt1995 532 44.41.00 26 Kartvelian Georgic Georgian Standard Georgian language no no Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form dative hewitt1995 532 another synonymous construction is the adverbial of an adjective in -ian (Hewitt 1995: 532) Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! col-švil-Ø=tan ert-ad wife-child-dat=at one-adv(as_one) with wife and child with wife and child hewitt1995 532 44.41.00 27 East Caucasian Andic Godoberi Godoberi language yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form ergative fedorova1996 90 can be used with the postposition sanu Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! ima waša=laɬi (sanu) ruš-ƛi wu-na father son=com (together) forest.obl-inter m-go.pst The father with his son went to the forest The father with his son went to the forest fedorova1996 90 43.40.00 28 East Caucasian Andic Godoberi Godoberi language no no Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form dative fedorova1996 90 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato sanu ima wašu-ɬi sanu ruš-ƛi wu-na father son.obl-dat together forest.obl-inter m-go.pst The father went to the forest following his son The father went to the forest following his son fedorova1996 90 43.40.00 29 East Caucasian Tsezic Hinuq Hinuq language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form aloc-essive instrumental, absolutive with contact verbs (e.g. hit) forker2013 98 can be used with postpositions q’wec’e/q’oc’e ‘together’, cadaq ‘with’, sadaq ‘together’ Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -de hado Ø-eg wennu essu hagze-de q’ wec’e Ø-iň’i-yo gom dem m-small brother they.obl-aloc(ess) together m-go-icvb be.neg The youngest brother does not go with them The youngest brother does not go with them forker2013 98 43.40.00 30 East Caucasian Tsezic Hunzib Hunzib language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form apudessive? instrumental comitative vandenberg1995 48 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ʁur ože ok’ɑɑk' žin-do halmaǧ-li-ǧur boy m-wander-prs refl.obl-ins friend-obl-com the boy walks with his friend The boy wanders with his friend vandenberg1995 48 43.40.00 31 East Caucasian Tsezic Hunzib Hunzib language no no Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form vandenberg1995 52 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! ože ok'ɑɑk' žini-s halmaǧ-no=žun boy m-wander-prs refl.obl-gen friend=add=com the boy wanders with his friend The boy wanders with his friend vandenberg1995 52 43.40.00 32 East Caucasian Nakh Ingush Standard Ingush language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking instrumental Case form #NAME? nichols2011 423 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ca Yz kegiicha naaxa-ca waxeina vaagha he young.obl people-ins dx-sit.cvant v.sit.prs He's sitting with the young men He's sitting with the young men nichols2011 423 43.40.00 44 Indo-European Iranian Juhuri Juhuri language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form #NAME? authier2012 109 circumposition (locative proclitic e= + dative enclitic =(r)e + voz 'with'; instrumental semantics Chiara Naccarato e=X=revoz e=tü=revoz e=biror-i=revoz zihis-de dan-üm loc=2=ins loc=brother-msd=ins live-inf (subj)can-1 que je puisse vivre avec toi en toute fraternité may I live with you in brotherhood authier2012 109 44.41.00 33 East Caucasian Andic Karata Karata dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative pasquereaudraft2020 12 Sara classifies this as a clitic; -k'en on page 58 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -k'el (-k'en?) den ɬo-k’el-ʕagi ʕurmi ge-da hač'e I who.obl-com-indef life do-ipfv cop.neg I do not live with anyone I do not live with anyone pasquereaudraft2020 NA (19) 43.40.00 35 East Caucasian Khinalug Khinalug Khinalug language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative совместный падеж desheriev1959 24 spatial origin? Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -škili КIу шаь (эй) бый(и)-шкили кIалар ккуйетмаь Он с нашим (моим) отцом в Кубу идет/едет He's going with our father to Kuba desheriev1959 24 43.40.00 36 East Caucasian Tsezic Khwarshi Kvantlada village yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form interessive instrumental, absolutive with contact verbs (e.g. hit) khalilova2009 80 can be used with the postposition hadal 'together' Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ɬ (...) ø-ẽxe-yo di-ɬ (...) m-come-imp I.obl.inter (...) you come with me (...) (...) you come with me (...) khalilova2009 218 43.40.00 37 East Caucasian Lezgic Kryz Alik dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking instrumental Case form #NAME? authier2009 213 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -zina riş gada-zina midfar-ik çi-u-ryu // ça-ba-reb girl boy-ins wedding-sub go-f-prs.f // go-hpl-prs.hpl La fille et le garçon s’en vont à la noce The girl and the boy go to the wedding authier2009 214 43.40.00 24 East Caucasian Dargwa Kubachi Kubachi language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative magometov1963 30 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -cːil 43.40.00 38 Turkic Kipchak Kumyk Standard Kumyk language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form nominative/genitive #NAME? abdullaevaetal2014 376 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato bulan Ону булан бирче бир тиштайпа да бар С ним была еще одна женщина With him there also was a woman abdullaevaetal2014 377 43.40.00 39 East Caucasian Lak Lak Standard Lak language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form instrumental, locative(s) kazenin2013 8 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -šːal оърчI сси-щал къатлувун лавгунни мальчик с сестрой в дом ушёл A boy with his sister went into the house zhirkov1955 42 43.40.00 40 East Caucasian Lezgic Lezgian Standard Lezgian language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form postessive/absolutive super (with different directionality suffixes), ad (with different directionality suffixes), absolutive with contact verbs (e.g. hit) haspelmath1993 306 converb of the locative copula gala 'be behind' Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato galaz (...) lezgi-jr.i-qʰ galaz (...) Lezgian-pl-post(ess) with (...) together with the Lezgians (...) (...) together with the Lezgians (...) haspelmath1993 225 43.40.00 18 East Caucasian Dargwa Mehweb Mehweb language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative chechuro2019 62 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ču sune-la ħalmic’ir-t-iču‹w›ijal urši helle w-erχ-ur refl.obl-gen animal-pl-com‹m› boy here(lat) m-enter(pfv)-aor The boy entered with his animals The boy entered with his animals kozhukhar2019 276 43.40.00 41 Turkic Kipchak Nogai Standard Nogai language yes yes Comitative postposition Type of marking no_case Case form #NAME? baskakov1940 84 more variants; instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato m(yn)an/m(yn)en Бурун бир Нуруш мынан Шашлыхан болгъан Давно, некий Нуруш и Шашлыхан жили Once upon a time there lived some Nurush and Shashlykhan baskakov1940 175 43.40.00 2 East Caucasian Andic Northern Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative creisselsdraft2020 8 postposition in Magomedova & Abdulaeva (2007: 679) Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -k'ena dene=la w-oq’-u-wa ošte-k’ena I=add m-come-m-pot you.pl.obl-com I also can go with you I also can go with you creisselsdraft2020 NA (29) 43.40.00 17 East Caucasian Dargwa Northern Dargwa Standard Dargwa language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative, instrumental musaev2002 47 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -čil 43.40.00 21 East Caucasian Dargwa Northern Dargwa Aqusha dialect_toplevel no yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative, instrumental совместный падеж abdullaev1954 108 instrumental semantics; can be used with postposition CM-arχ Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -čil Али-чил вацlализи вякьунра C Али я пошел в лес I went to the forest with Ali abdullaev1954 108 43.40.00 42 East Caucasian Lezgic Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative ibragimov2004 57 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -xwan/-xan диды-хьван зы базара йахъыри c отцом я на базар пошел I went to the market with (my) father ibragimov2004 57 43.40.00 19 East Caucasian Dargwa Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative forker2020dargwa 65, 572 instrumental, manner, experiencer; origin: inlative + genitive Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -cːella (...) di-la juldašː-a-cːella I.obl-gen friend-obl.pl-com (...) with my friends (...) with my friends forker2020dargwa 65 43.40.00 20 East Caucasian Dargwa Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel no no Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form inelative in-ablative forker2020dargwa 73, 572 can be used with postposition b-alli 'together'; used more rarely than comitative Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -cːe-r hel-ka sa-∅-jʁ-ib nik’a durħuˁ welisipjed-li-cːe-r that-down hither-m-come(pfv)-pret small boy bike-obl-in-abl From over there a little boy with a bike came From over there a little boy with a bike came forker2020dargwa 73 43.40.00 22 East Caucasian Dargwa Sanzhi-Itsari Itsari dialect_toplevel no yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative, instrumental sumbatovamutalov2003 20 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -cːilli du tːatːi-cːilli wac'a-cːi w-aIr-un-da I father-com forest-illat m-go(pfv)-pret-1 I went to the forest with the father I went to the forest with (my) father sumbatovamutalov2003 NA (25) 43.40.00 23 East Caucasian Dargwa Southwestern Dargwa Tanti dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative sumbatovalander2014 64 instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -cːele učitelj w-až-ib=da rasul-li-cːele teacher m-see(pfv)-pret=1 Rasul-obl-com Я увидел учителя с Расулом / Мы с Расулом увидели учителя I saw the teacher with Rasul / Rasul and I saw the teacher sumbatovalander2014 64 43.40.00 43 East Caucasian Lezgic Tabasaran Standard Tabasaran language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form postcomitative ergative, supercomitative xanmagomedovshalbuzov2001 418 originally converb of the auxiliary Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -q-di Сабан адаш-ди-хъ-ди шагьриз гъушнийча Однажды мы с отцом поехали в город One day (my) father and I went to the city alekseevshixalieva2003 45 43.40.00 45 East Caucasian Andic Tindi Tindi village yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form #ERROR! magomedova2012 46, 58, 72, 198 alternatively considered as a particle or postposition; probably a frozen converb; occurs with the postposition sani 'together' Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! deː k'ja sani ija o-w ħalt'ij-aː I com together cop dem-m work-ipfv He works with me He works with me authierdraft2020 37.42.00 46 East Caucasian Lezgic Tsakhur Mishlesh village yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative, comitative sosenskaja1999post 124 can be used with postpositions; instrumental semantics Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -kʷa wa-kʷa sana you.sg.obl-com together с тобой вместе together with you sosenskaja1999post 124 43.40.00 47 East Caucasian Tsezic Tsez Kidero dialect_nt1 yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form apudessive instrumental bokarev1959 192 can be used with the postposition sadaq 'together' Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -de дей обийу мадугьан-де икIис Эшар мой отец пошел с соседом в Шаури My father went to Shauri with the neighbour bokarev1959 192 43.40.00 48 East Caucasian Nakh Tsova-Tush Zemo-Alvani village yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form instrumental = ergative совместный падеж desheriev1953 64 instrumental -w (= ergative) is also used with comitative meanings Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -ci даде-ци вуитIас МоскIови с отцом еду я в Москву I go to Moscow with (my) father desheriev1953 64 43.40.00 34 East Caucasian Andic Tukita Tukita language yes yes Comitative case Type of marking comitative Case form ergative послелог gadzhieva2007 81, 82 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -k'in вохьащу-кIин йехьва йахьи с мальчиком пришла девочка A girl came with the boy gadzhieva2007 136 43.40.00 49 East Caucasian Lezgic Udi Nizh dialect_toplevel yes yes Comitative case Type of marking spatial Case form ablative ergative, instrumental? ganenkov2008 39 can be used with the postposition sagala 'together' Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato -χun za-χun tac-i χüjar-moʁ-on=al zu=al pːaI kärän äči=jan=p-i. I-abl go.away-aop yound.lady-pl-erg=add I=add two time dance=1pl=lv-aor Девушки, которые пошли со мной, и я два раза танцевали The girls who came with me and I danced twice ganenkov2008 39 43.40.00 3 East Caucasian Andic Upper Andi Zilo village yes yes Comitative clitic Type of marking no_case Case form instrumental (originally locative) kayeetaldraft2020 7 Sara Zadykyan, Chiara Naccarato #ERROR! muħammadi rasul=loj w-uʔ-o Muhammad Rasul=com m-come-pst(aor) Mohammad came with Rasul Muhammad came with Rasul kayeetaldraft2020 NA (32) 43.40.00