id language idiom type genlang_point map form value1 feature1 chapter source page comment contributor date example_as_in_source example translation_as_in_source translation gloss_as_in_source gloss example_source example_page example_comment 1 Upper Andi Andi village yes yes R-R=gu reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives cercvadze1965 346 Sadly, no details here. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 č̣e-č̣egu č'e~č'e=gu по два two each DISTR~two=NUM cercvadze1965 346 2 Upper Andi Rikvani village no yes R-R=gu reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives suleymanov1957 310 All numerals ending with -se-b '1' make distributive forms without =gu, only reduplication: hoc'o-ƛ se-b-se-b 'eleven each'. In compound numerals, only the last element is reduplicated: ɬob-c'ol-lo č'e-č'e=gu '32 each'. There are some exceptions (or I didn't grasp what the pattern is here): лъобцIо-лъобцIолгу '30 each' but бейкь-бейцIолгу '80 each'. Many exceptions appear due to phonetic changes (for example, гьочIоо-чIоцIолгу 'по 90'), they are listed in [suleymanov1957: 311]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 лъоб-лъобгу ɬob~ɬob=gu по три three each DISTR~three=NUM suleymanov1957 310 3 Upper Andi Gagatli village no yes R-R=gu reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives salimov2010 138 Sometimes duplicating roots merge (cardinal гьокьу-гу '7' gives гьокьу-гьокьу-гу => гьокьокьу-гу '7 each'). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 лъоблъобгу ɬob~ɬob=gu по три three each DISTR~three=NUM salimov2010 138 4 Upper Andi Zilo village no yes R-R=gu reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kayeetaldraft2020 15 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 hoc’o-ɬij ojƛi~ojƛi-gu hoc'o-ɬij ojƛi~ojƛi=gu [each of us brought] sixteen ten-LNK DISTR~six=NUM kayeetaldraft2020 15 5 Avar Standard Avar language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives forkerdraft2020 18 No info on which dialect is described in this source. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ɬab-ɬab ɬab~ɬab three each DISTR~three forkerdraft2020 18 6 Avar Zaqatala dialect_nt1 no yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives saidova2007 109 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 кIи-кIи k'i~k'i по два two each DISTR~two saidova2007 109 7 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R=da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives bokarev1949b 74 Distributive numerals inflect the way cardinals do. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 анлI-анлIида anƛ~anƛi=da по шести six each DISTR~six=NUM bokarev1949b 74 8 Tindi Tindi village yes yes R-R(=da) reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magomedova2012 146 It is unclear whether =da/=ja can be omitted here. There are two examples with =ja (бō-бойа '2 each', гьацIа-гьацIайа '10 each') and one without (и̃лIи-и̃лIи '6 each'). Either =da/=ja is voluntary here, or it is omitted in some numerals and stays in others, or this is a typo. Distrbutive numerals inflect by case the way adjectives do. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 бō-бойа bo:~bo=ja по четыре four each DISTR~four=NUM magomedova2012 146 transcription needs revision 9 Godoberi Godoberi language yes yes R-R=da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives tatevosov1996 31 «Distributive numerals are derived by reduplication of the rightmost root morpheme and suffixation according to the rule for cardinal numerals». Distributive numerals can mean 'X units', 'X units each time', or 'in groups of X'. More on quantification on [page 239—240]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ɬabu-ɬabu-da ɬabu~ɬabu=da three each DISTR~three=NUM tatevosov1996 31 10 Northern Akhvakh Tad-Magitl' village yes yes R-R-da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magomedovaabdulaeva2007 687 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ачIа-чIада ač'a~č'a-da по десять ten each DISTR~ten-NUM magomedovaabdulaeva2007 687 11 Karata Karata dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R-i reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magomedbekova1971 97 -i is added when the reduplicate root ends with a consonant. In some examples -da is attached (for example, ḳejaz-ḳejazda '20 each'). [alekseevetal1998: 253 (in the file)] does not mention any suffixes when talking about this reduplication. Their example is кIе-кIе 'two each'. Is it possible that in some cases -i is omitted due to phonetic reasons? Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 inl'i-inl'i inƛi-inƛi по шесть six each DISTR~six magomedbekova1971 97 12 Karata Anchiq dialect_toplevel no yes R-da-R-da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magomedbekova1971 97 The «whole form» is reduplicated. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 bo'ora-bo'ora boʔo-ra-boʔo-ra по четыре four each DISTR~(four-NUM) magomedbekova1971 97 transcription needs revision 13 Tukita Tukita language yes yes R-R-i reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magomedbekova1971 97 If a root ends with a consonant, -i is attached to the end of the numeral (for example, l‘ab-l‘abi 'three each'). In Tokitin, cardinal and distributive 'two' are the same because the root for 'two' in this subdialect is already reduplicated (k'ek'e). 'One each' is ce-ce, without class marker. [gadzhieva2007: 89] mentions use of an additional word: «Распределительные числительные образуются описательно, посредством глагольной формы бухьагьи „держа“ (бухьагьеду „держать“, ср. собств.-кар. бикке от биккелъа), присоединяемого к числительным с удвоенной основой: це(б)ци бухьагьи „по одному“, кIекIе бухьагьи „по два“». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 inl'i-inl'i inƛi-inƛi по шесть six each DISTR~six magomedbekova1971 97 14 Botlikh Botlikh village yes yes R-R-da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives saidova2001 226 [alekseyev2016: 3684] mentions that the pattern is either R-R-da or R-da-R-da. He also mentions that 'one each' is ce-ce-CM or ce-CM-ce-CM. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 кIе-кIеда k'e~k'e-da по два two each DISTR~two-NUM saidova2001 226 15 Bagvalal Kvanada village yes yes R-R-da reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives tatevosov2001numerals 157 In simple numerals, only the numeral root is reduplicated. In numerals of hundreds the number marker is reduplicated (hab-beši-bešen-da '300 each'), in numerals of tens the root morpheme is reduplicated (habī-hab-ac'a '30 each'). Thousands 2000–9000 can be derived both ways. In complex numerals only the final root is reduplicated. There are some phonetic changes when reduplicating. Exceptions: 'two each' is č'ē-č'e (no -ra), 'three each' is hab-di-hab-da (-da is reduplicated, too). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 bū-bū-ra bu:~bu:-ra по четыре four each DISTR~four-NUM tatevosov2001numerals 158 16 Tsez Kidero dialect_nt1 yes yes R-no-R-no reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives bokarev1959 202 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 къа̣но-къа̣но qɑˤ-no~qɑˤ-no по два two each DISTR~(two-NUM) bokarev1959tsez 202 transcription needs revision 17 Tsez Kidero dialect_nt1 no no R-t'a suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives bokarev1959 202 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 систIа sis-t'a по одному one each one-DISTR bokarev1959tsez 202 transcription needs revision 18 Khwarshi Kvantlada village yes yes R-t'a suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives khalilova2009 178 «Distributive numerals are formed by adding the plural suffix -t'a to the cardinal stem, and distributive numerals can also be formed by reduplication. The reduplicated distributive numeral can optionally use the suffix -t'a. The meaning of distributive numerals used pronominally refers to a situation in which two or more individuals act on their own, i.e. individually and carry out one or more events with the same results». «In complex numerals, only the last component is reduplicated or receives the distributive suffix -t'a» (for example, oⁿc'on q'ˤʷene-t'a '12') [178]. «When the numeral ends in azar ‘thousand’ or milion ‘million’, the component that precedes this numeral is reduplicated or receives the distributive suffix -t'a. The distributive numerals ‘one thousand’ and ‘one million’ are formed either by attaching the distributive suffix -t'a directly to nouns azar ‘thousand’ and milion ‘million’ when the numeral hos ‘one’ is omitted, the distributive suffix -t'a is added to the numeral hos ‘one’ followed by the numeral ‘thousand’ or ‘million’» [179]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 łuno-t'a ɬuno-t'a five each five-DISTR1 khalilova2009 178 19 Khwarshi Kvantlada village no no R-R(-t'a) reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives khalilova2009 178 «Distributive numerals are formed by adding the plural suffix -t'a to the cardinal stem, and distributive numerals can also be formed by reduplication. The reduplicated distributive numeral can optionally use the suffix -t'a. The meaning of distributive numerals used pronominally refers to a situation in which two or more individuals act on their own, i.e. individually and carry out one or more events with the same results». «In complex numerals, only the last component is reduplicated or receives the distributive suffix -t'a» (for example, oⁿc'on q'ˤʷene-t'a '12') [178]. «When the numeral ends in azar ‘thousand’ or milion ‘million’, the component that precedes this numeral is reduplicated or receives the distributive suffix -t'a. The distributive numerals ‘one thousand’ and ‘one million’ are formed either by attaching the distributive suffix -t'a directly to nouns azar ‘thousand’ and milion ‘million’ when the numeral hos ‘one’ is omitted, the distributive suffix -t'a is added to the numeral hos ‘one’ followed by the numeral ‘thousand’ or ‘million’» [179]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 łun-łuno-t'a ɬun~ɬuno-t'a five each DISTR2~five-DISTR1 khalilova2009 178 20 Khwarshi Kvantlada village no no R-t'a-R-t'a reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives khalilova2009 178 There is also another reduplicated form of the distributive pronoun which is more emphatic and which is formed by adding the suffix -t'a to each reduplicant, e.g. hos-t'a-hos-t'a ‘one each’. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 hos-t'a-hos-t'a hos-t'a~hos-t'a one each DISTR2~(one-DISTR1) khalilova2009 178 21 Hinuq Hinuq language yes yes R-no-ho suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives forker2013 406 «There are two different ways of forming distributive numerals in Hinuq. The first method is to add the ILOC-Essive suffix -ho to the direct stem of the numeral». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q'onoho q'o-no-ho 2 each two each two-NUM-ILOC.ESS forker2013 407 22 Hinuq Hinuq language no no R-R-no(-ho) reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives forker2013 406 «There are two different ways of forming distributive numerals in Hinuq. The second method is reduplication. Mostly the first syllable (CV) is reduplicated, but it also possible to reduplicate the first CVC or CVCV segment. The copy always preceded the base. Numerals with a root that is longer than CV can have several reduplicated forms that occur in free variation, e.g. oc’eno ‘ten’ has several variants of distributive numerals: o-oc'eno, oc’-oc'eno, and oc'e-oc'eno can be formed from the root oc'e-». «In addition, both methods (i.e. reduplication and the use of the ILOC-Essive suffix) can be combined. In compound numerals, only the last numeral undergoes reduplication and/or takes case affixes». «Case suffixes are preferably added to the distributive numerals formed by means of reduplication» [407]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q'o-q'ono q'o~q'o-no 2 each two each DISTR~two-NUM forker2013 407 23 Hunzib Hunzib language yes yes R(-no)-R-n(o) reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives vandenberg1995 71 «Distributive numerals are formed by reduplication; in addition, a distributive (DISTR) suffix -cər can be added to 'ten' and 'twenty'. The distributive numeral for 'one' is sə.sə». It seems from the examples that the reduplication is often very fragmentary, one or two phonemes from the beginning of the word (for example, o-ʔoq'e-n 'four times'). [isakovkhalilov2001: 270] claims that -no is reduplicated as well: лъино-лъино 'five each'. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 λɑ.λɑ.nɑ ɬɑ~ɬɑ-nɑ three each DISTR~three vandenberg1995 71 24 Bezhta Bezhta village yes yes R-R-na reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives madieva1965 109 Either the root or just the first syllable is reduplicated. According to [alekseevetal1998: 281 (in the file)], «образуются от простых удвоением и удлинением начального комплекса CV-: гьЫ#гьЫс ‘по одному’, къОкъона ‘по два’, лъАлъана ‘по три’ и т. д.». Distributives infelct when substantivized, the same way as cardinals [comrieetal2015: 295]. More on reduplication: [comrieetal2015: 584]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 лъӣ-лъина ɬī~ɬi-na по пять five each DISTR~five-NUM madieva1965 109 25 Northern Dargwa Aqusha dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R-al reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives abdullaev1954 138 The first root is the clean root, the second is amalgamated with -al the way it its amalgamated in the corresponding cardinal (if -al is present in the cardinal). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 кIикIел k'i~k'e-l по два two each DISTR~two-NUM abdullaev1954 138 the second root is altered phonetically because of the following -al. -al loses the vowel 26 Northern Dargwa Aqusha dialect_toplevel no no R-R-li reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives abdullaev1954 138 The roots are repeated fully (judging from the examples). As I have understood from the source, -li is adverb suffix; can be wrong. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 хIябхIябли ħab~ħab-li — three each DISTR~three-ADV abdullaev1954 138 glossing needs revision 27 Southwestern Dargwa Tanti dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives sumbatovalander2014 98 «Дистрибутивные числительные строятся при помощи редупликации. Обычно (хотя не всегда; см. ниже) редуплицируется последний значимый элемент числительного. Простые числительные первого десятка редуплицируются целиком; при этом суффикс количественных числительных отсутствует. <…> В сложных числительных, оканчивающихся на простые числительные первого десятка, редуплицируется последнее числительное вместе с суффиксом -ra: ср. urek.darš.lib weʕr.c’a.nu kːeʕ-ra~kːeʕ-ra ʻпо 678ʼ. В сложных числительных, оканчивающихся на сотни, наблюдается (за некоторыми исключениями) частичная редупликация: редуплицируется наименование сотен и тысяч вместе с их количеством, ср. хu.da~хu.darš ʻпо 500’, azir.lib urč’em.da~urč’em.darš ʻпо 1900’ с частичным удвоением сложных числительных. <…> Числительное ʻтысяча’ также образует дистрибутивную форму посредством частичной редупликации (azi~azir ʻпо тысяче’), но при наличии собственных разрядов ведет себя как существительное, сопровождаемое дистрибутивным числительным; ср. aʁ˳-aʁ˳ azir ʻпо четыре тысячи’». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 č'u~č'u č'u~č'u по два two each два~DISTR two~DISTR sumbatovalander2014 98 28 Sanzhi-Itsari Itsari dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives sumbatovamutalov2003 47 «DISTRIBUTIVE NUMERALS are formed by reduplication of cardinal numerals». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 k'˳i-k'˳i k'ʷi~k'ʷi two each DISTR~two sumbatovamutalov2003 47 29 Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel no yes R-R(-le) reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives forker2020dargwa 133 «Distributive numerals are formed by reduplicating the root. Optionally the suffix -l(e) follows the reduplicated numeral. The suffix -l(e) seems to be the adverbializer. Note that with distributive numerals the modified noun bears overt plural marking». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 aʁʷ-aʁʷ(le) aʁʷ~aʁʷ-le four each DISTR~four-ADV forker2020dargwa 133 30 Mehweb Mehweb language yes yes R-R-al reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1982 62 Exception: 'first' is not derived by reduplication. The form for 'first' is written by hand in the source, it is something like ca-cleweb (but probably need correction). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 hᵊäb-hᵊäbal h:ab~h:ab-al по три three each DISTR~three-NUM magometov1982 62 transcription needs revision 31 Kajtag Kajtag language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives temirbulatova2004 19 «Распределительные числительные в хайдакском диалекте, как в кубачинском и ицаринском, образуются редупликацией непроизводных основ числительных: ца-ца «по одному», чIу-чIу «по два»; гъай-гъай «по двадцать», в отличие от литературного языка: кIи-кIел «по два», хIяб-хIябал «по три»». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 чIу-чIу č'u~č'u по два two each DISTR~two temirbulatova2004 19 32 Chirag Chirag language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives ganenkov2021draft 15 «Distributive numerals are derived from the short form by full reduplication of the base numeral (partial reduplication is impossible even in long complex numerals). Distributive numerals can also serve as the base to form multiplicative and group numerals». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 kːa̰ʡ~kːa̰ʡ kːaˤʡ~kːaˤʡ eight each DISTR~eight ganenkov2021draft 16 33 Kubachi Kubachi language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1963 138 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 x̃u-x̃u xu~xu по пять five each DISTR~five magometov1963 138 transcription needs revision. Page [46] defines x̃ as «шумный заднеязычный аспирант», similar to /x/ but /x/ is «глубокий» and /x̃/ is «неглубокий». I have no idea how to show that. Maybe palatalization like /xʲ/? 34 Lak Standard Lak language yes yes R-R-CM-a reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives zhirkov1955 61 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ацI-ацIва ac'~ac'-v-a по десяти ten each DISTR~ten-CM-NUM zhirkov1955 61 35 Archi Archi language yes yes R-R-au reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kibrik1977 123 Distributives can be derived with reduplication of a cardinal root. They can be adverbialized with -ši. [mikailov1967: 81] mentions distributives with -ši only. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 x̌ib-x̌ibaw ɬib~ɬib-au по три (X-a) three [Xs] each DISTR~three-NUM kibrik1977 123 36 Archi Archi language no no R-R-(a)n-nib reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kibrik1977 123 Distributives can be derived with reduplication of a collective numeral root. They can be adverbialized with -ši. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 x̌eb-x̌ebannib ɬeb~ɬeb-an-nib по трое (X-ов) three [Xs] each DISTR~three-SHEEP-ADJ.PL kibrik1977 123 37 Lezgian Standard Lezgian language yes yes R-d-R-d reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives haspelmath1993 235 In reduplication, the stress is on the first instance of the numeral. In complex numerals, only the last component is reduplicated. However, '100', '1000' and larger numerals are not reduplicated; if they are the last component, the component before them is reduplicated. [alekseevetal1998: 353 (in the file)] gives examples both with reduplication of -d and without: «кьве-кьвед ‘по два’, пуд-пуд ‘по трое’». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 c'uwad-c'uwad c'u-wa-d~c'u-wa-d fifteen each DISTR~(ten-five-NUM) haspelmath1993 235 transcription needs revision 38 Tabasaran Standard Tabasaran language yes yes R-R-CM reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives alekseevshixalieva2003 54 Only a part of the first component is reduplicated (the first syllable or the whole numeral [magometov1965: 165]). Unclear what happens in complex numerals. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 шу-шубуб šu~šubu-b по три three each DISTR~three-CM alekseevshixalieva2003 54 39 Tabasaran Southern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel no yes R-R-CM-ži reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1965 165 Unlike [alekseevshixalieva2003: 54], [magometov1965] insists that distributive numerals always have suffix -ǯi (-di in Northern dialect). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q̣'u̇-q̣'u̇r-ǯi ƛ'uˤ~ƛ'uˤ-r-ži по два / по двое two each DISTR~two-CM-? magometov1965 165 transcription and glossing need revision 40 Tabasaran Northern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel no yes R-R-CM-di reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1965 165 Unlike [alekseevshixalieva2003: 54], [magometov1965] insists that distributive numerals always have suffix -di (-ǯi in Northern dialect). Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q̣'u̇-q̣'u̇r-di ƛ'uˤ~ƛ'uˤ-r-di по два / по двое two each DISTR~two-CM-? magometov1965 165 transcription and glossing need revision 41 Agul Central Agul dialect_toplevel yes yes R-R-t:i reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1970 100 «Распределительные числительные образуются посредством удвоения основ числительных, при этом второе числительное имеет суффикс наречия -di или -tᵊi (<— -di). При удвоении основ числительных в первой части может утратиться корневой согласный». [maisak2014: 398] states that distributive numerals are derived with reduplication but does not mention the suffix. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q̣'u̇-q̣'u̇-tᵊi ƛ'uˤ~ƛ'uˤ-t:i по два two each DISTR~two-DISTR magometov1970 100 transcription needs revision 42 Qushan Agul Burshag village yes yes R-R-di reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives magometov1970 100 «Распределительные числительные образуются посредством удвоения основ числительных, при этом второе числительное имеет суффикс наречия -di или -tᵊi (<— -di). При удвоении основ числительных в первой части может утратиться корневой согласный». Burshag idiom uses (apparently, a more archaic) morph -di. [maisak2014: 398] states that distributive numerals are derived with reduplication but does not mention the suffix. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q̣'u̇-q̣'ä-di ƛ'uˤ~ƛ'a-di по два two each DISTR~two-DISTR magometov1970 100 transcription needs revision. What's with this umlaut-a? There is no such sign on page [17] 43 Tsakhur Mishlesh village yes yes R=CM=le-R=CM=le-na reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kibrik1999 173 «В цахурском языке распределительные числительные образуются несколькими способами, которые различаются разной степенью употребительности (например, для сложных числительных допустимы только продуктивные модели образования, а числительные, образованные без удвоения основы, могут использоваться не только в распределительном, но и в собирательном значении). Наиболее распространены распределительные числительные, образуемые удвоением соответствующих количественных (в полной форме), с добавлением морфемы -na 'будучи'». Suffix -le (CARD) can change to markers of case if the corresponding noun is on oblique case. In this case, -na is omitted (for example, q'oI-n-G̥-ē-q'oI-n-G̥-ē glossed as two-A-OBL.1-ERG-two-A-OBL.1-ERG). In other words, whole forms with inflection are reduplicated [173—174]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q'o=j=re-q'o=j=re-na q'o=j=re~q'o=j=re-na по два in couples два=1=CARD-два=1=CARD-NA DISTR~(two=CM=NUM)-NA kibrik1999 173 44 Tsakhur Mishlesh village no no R=CM=le-na reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kibrik1999 174 «Реже употребляются числительные, образованные аналогичным образом, но без удвоения количественного числительного. Формы без удвоения в зависимости от контекста могут быть поняты как в распределительном, так и в собирательном значении». It is noted that in comparison to the form of distributives with reduplication, this form can express uncertainty in the number (like in: a hundred vs. about a hundred). «Числительные walš 'сто' и āzɨr 'тысяча' могут употребляться с формантом множественного числа» (for example, walš-bɨ-na '[people came] in hundreds' glossed as hundred-PL-NA) [175]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 jic'-ɨ=b=le-na jic'ɨ=b=le-na по десять in tens / ten each ten=CM=NUM-NA kibrik1999 174 45 Tsakhur Mishlesh village no no R-R-na reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives kibrik1999 175 «Имеется также и третья модель образования распределительных числительных — усеченные распределительные числительные, образованные удвоением корня с чередованием гласных. Этот способ образования непродуктивен: существует всего два числительных, образованных от односложных корней, кончающихся на гласный (q'oI-q'aI-na 'по два' и xo-xa-na 'по пять'). Употребление этих слов не отличается от употребления других распределительных числительных. Образование распределительного числительного от основы за 'один' несколько отличается от общего правила. <…> Употребляются [также] формы sas̄a-sas̄a-na и sas̄a-na 'по одному'». [ibragimov1990: 98] also states that only these three numerals ('two', 'five', 'one') have this form. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 q'oI-q'aI-na q'oˤ~q'aˤ-na по два two each DISTR~two-NA kibrik1999 175 46 Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel yes yes R(-CM)-na(ˤ) reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives ibragimov2004 79 «Prefixal» numerals (a.k.a. those who have frozen class markers in the beginning, apparently) derive distributives this way, without reduplication. Prefixal numbers are: '4', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10'. Class markers are usually omitted but there is evidence that sometimes they are present in this form. -na sometimes undergoes pharyngealization. [mukhin2020: 19] states that -na is the adverbial suffix. «[There is] evidence that the forms with -na are primary». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 рыхьа-наь rɨxa-naˤ по шесть six each six-NA ibragimov2004 79 transcription needs revision 47 Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel no no R(-CM)-R(-CM)-na(ˤ) reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives ibragimov2004 78 It is said that it is possible to derive distributive numerals both with and without class markers (for most numerals). -na sometimes undergoes pharyngealization. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 кь'вар-кь'вар-наь q'ˤʷa-r~q'ˤʷa-r-naˤ по два two each DISTR~(two-CM)-NA ibragimov2004 78 transcription needs revision 48 Budukh Budukh language yes yes R-CM-R-CM reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives talibov2007 155 Numerals are repeated fully. No info on complex numerals. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 шубуд-шубуд šubu-d~šubu-d по три three each DISTR~(three-CM) talibov2007 155 49 Kryz Alik dialect_toplevel yes yes R-(CM)-R-CM reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives authier2009 108 sa-r-sa-r (one-CM-one-CM) means 'one to another' («un à un»). Beginning with 'two', this construction has a distributive meaning. According to [starostin: 437], «the first component of the reduplication need not have its suffixal marker». He gives examples like: sa-(r)-sa-r 'one each'. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 yits'-ir yits'-ir jits'-ir~jits'-ir à dix ten each ten-M ten-M DISTR~(ten-CM) authier2009 108 50 Udi Udi language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives mobili2010 330 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 пIаъ-пIаъ p'aˤ~p'aˤ по два two each DISTR~two mobili2010 330 51 Khinalug Khinalug language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives ganieva2002 195 No description, just examples in the dictionary. The numbers са-са-р 'one each' and кьу-кьу-р 'two each' have the suffix -r [195], it seems that other numbers do not (онгъ-онгъ [236], пхьу-пхьу [243]). [alekseevetal1998: 436 (in the file)] gives the same examples without -r (written with different orthography): «разделительные (образуемые редупликацией: пшо-пшо ‘по три’, онгъ-онгъ ‘по-четыре’)». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 пхьу-пхьу pçu~pçu по пять five each DISTR~five ganieva2002 243 transcription needs revision 52 Chechen Standard Chechen language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives jakovlev1960 77 In simple twenties, the number of twenties is reduplicated (for example, кху-кху-з-ткъа 'sixty each'), in complex twenties the unit is reduplicated (ткъиэ итт-итт 'thirty each' twenty ten-ten). Numbers 1, 2, 3, 20 undergo additional phonetic change. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ткъиэ итт-итт tq'e: it:~it: по тридцати thirty each twenty DISTR~ten jakovlev1960 77 The cardinal is ткъиэ итт '30'. Transcription accordingly to [nichols1994: 51], morpho-phonemic [p. 7] 53 Ingush Standard Ingush language yes yes R R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives nichols2011 204 «For '1' to '3' the distributive is formed by suffixing a reduplicated and geminated copy of the initial consonant, to which the pronominal oblique endings are attached. From '4' on it is formed by simple doubling of the nominative cardinal (attributive form). Nominalized and attributive forms are identical in the nominative. Nominalized distributives were difficult to elicit and were often replaced by cardinals or attributive distributives. The nominalized form has case inflection but no gender; it is used in apposition to a pronoun or noun with which a verb or other agreeing word agrees». Unlike in Chechen, simple tens reduplicate fully (for example, qouztq'a qouztq'a 'sixty each') [214], no info on larger complex numerals. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 itt itt ɪt:~ɪt: 10x10 ten each DISTR~ten nichols2011 205 transcription follows [pages 19–20] 54 Tsova-Tush Zemo-Alvani village yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives holiskygagua1994 189 In most of the examples the first component is full, the second one undergoes lenition but there is an example in which it's the other way around (Dʕi-Dʕivʔ 'four each'). [desheriev1953: 190] describes it like this: if the cardinal ends with a vowel, it's dropped out in the second component. More examples in [desheriev1953: 202]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 pxi-px pxi~px five to each five each five~DISTR holiskygagua1994 189 55 Kumyk Standard Kumyk language yes yes R-(š)ar suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives abdullaevaetal2014 243 The vowel undergoes singarmonic change. The suffix is attached to the last component of the complex numeral. «В разделительных числительных, обозначающих сотни и тысячи разделительный аффикс присоединяется к предыдущему слову: бирер юз „по сто“, бирер минг „по тысяча“». «Субстантивированные разделительные числительные употребляются чаще всего в формах винительного, направительного и исходного падежей: би-рерлеп ал „бери по одному“, экишер тюшдю „досталось по три“» [233]. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 он бешер on beš-er по пятнадцать fifteen each ten five-DISTR1 abdullaevaetal2014 243 glossing needs revision 56 Kumyk Standard Kumyk language no no R-lap suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives abdullaevaetal2014 243 The vowel undergoes singarmonic change. «Разделительные числительные образуются и при помощи аффикса –лап, -леп: онлап „по десять“, бешлеп „по пять“, дёртлеп „по четыре“». Confusion: [bammatov2013: 108] shows this form as collective: «ДЁРТЕВ числ. собир. чéтверо (о людях); олар ~ бар эди их было чéтверо; ~ - ~ по четыре (человека); ~леп вчетверóм». Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 дёртлеп dœrt-lep по четыре four each four-DISTR2 abdullaevaetal2014 243 transcription and glossing need revision 57 Kumyk Standard Kumyk language no no R-ar-lap suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives abdullaevaetal2014 240 The vowels undergo singarmonic change. «Собирательные числительные с афф. -ар (-ер) принимают афф. -лап (-леп), при этом они, сохраняя свое узуальное значение, приобретают новые семантические и стилистические окраски: прибавляется оттенок взаимности, совместности: Уьчерлеп гелдилер „(Они) пришли по трое“». «Довольно активно употребляются в значении собирательности, совокупности количественные числительные, снабженные аффиксами принадлежности множественного числа –быз/-ыбыз: биз уьчюбюз де „мы втроем“: сиз уьчюгюз де „вы втроем“; уьчюсю де „они втроем“». This form is mentioned as collective with adverbial features on the page [240] and as a form of distributives on the page [243]. Unclear if that's the same form. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 уьчерлеп yč-er-lep по трое three each three-DISTR1-DISTR2 abdullaevaetal2014 241 transcription and glossing need revision 58 Azerbaijani Standard Azerbaijani language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives shiralievsevortyan1971 75 The form for 'one each' is бирəр-бирəр, which means 'alone'. It is unclear whether the R-R model is possible for 'one each' in the source. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 ики-ики iki~iki по два two each DISTR~two shiralievsevortyan1971 75 59 Nogai Standard Nogai language yes yes R-(s)ar suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives baskakov1940 72 The vowels undergo singarmonic change. /s/ is added if the root ends with a vowel. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 алты-сар altɯ-sar по шести six each six-DISTR1 baskakov1996 334 60 Nogai Standard Nogai language no no R-lap suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives baskakov1996 334 The vowels undergo singarmonic change. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 он-лап on-lap по десяти ten each ten-DISTR2 baskakov1996 334 61 Nogai Standard Nogai language no no R-ar-lap suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives baskakov1996 334 The vowels undergo singarmonic change. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 он-арлап on-ar-lap по десяти ten each ten-DISTR1-DISTR2 baskakov1996 334 62 Juhuri Juhuri language yes yes R-R reduplication Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives authier2012 83 «Pour ‘un chacun’ (et parfois ‘deux chacun’), on forme le distributif par redoublement». This seems to mean that this form exists for 'one' and 'two' only. However, [naftaliev2016] has examples of distributives for larger numbers (for example, ħəşt-ħəşt 'eight each' [page 223]). Also, there is a word herki which can mean the same when put before the numeral. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 dü-dü=y dy~dy=j deux <…> chacun par two <…> each two-two=EZ DISTR~two=EZ authier2012 83 63 Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian language yes yes R-akan suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives dum-tragut2009 121 Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 k'san-akan kʰsɑn-ɑkɑn twenty each twenty-DISTR dum-tragut2009 121 64 Georgian Standard Georgian language yes yes R=R-i reduplication + suffix Derivation of distributives Derivation of distributives hewitt1995 112 -i is nominative suffix. Maksim Melenchenko 2022-08-19 as=as-i as~as-i 100 each a hundred each DISTR~hundred-NOM hewitt1995 112