id language idiom type genlang_point map chapter value1 feature1 function form value2 feature2 source_label source page comment contributor example_as_in_source example translation_as_in_source translation gloss_source gloss example_source example_page example_comment date 1 Agul Huppuq' dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative ʁaj particle Structure показатель пересказывательности maisakmerdanova2002 Samira Verhees ge adine-Raj говорят, он пришел maisakmerdanova2002 110 2.2022 2 Northern Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative di particle Structure передача чужой речи, повествование, заглазное действие magomedbekova1967 107 Samira Verhees particles_akhvakh_di.jpg magomedbekova1967 107 2.2022 3 Northern Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ƛ'ːe / eƛ'ːe particle Structure косвенная речь magomedbekova1967 107 Samira Verhees particles_akhvakh_le.jpg magomedbekova1967 107 2.2022 4 Northern Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative eƛ'ːehe / ƛ'ːohe verb Structure косвенная речь magomedbekova1967 107 Samira Verhees particles_akhvakh_lehe.jpg magomedbekova1967 107 2.2022 5 Northern Akhvakh Tad-Magitl' village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ƛ'e particle Structure косвенная речь magomedovaabdulaeva2007 704 According to Magomedova & Abdulaeva (2007: 704) also used to mark indirect questions, though the example provided looks like a regular quotative construction with the verb ‘ask’. Samira Verhees Ачи охьакье йекъ1егье йик1вари гьудуйе / Ачикье йекъ1егье йик1вари гьудуйе Она приходила просить денег взяймы. Replaced palochka with 1. magomedovaabdulaeva2007 704 Kind of a weird example to be honest. 2.2022 6 Upper Andi Andi village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ʁodːu / ɬoʁodːu particle Structure quotative maisak2017 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees isa-di rac’ːin-dːu en.š-la ɬe-di=ɬoʁo rela ɢobi=dːu Jesus asked, “Who touched me?” Jesus-erg ask-prf [self.m-super who-erg=quot hand touch.aor]=quot maisak2017 3 Originally from another source. Shows a particle that splits into two parts. 2.2022 7 Upper Andi Andi village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ʁodi / ɬodi particle Structure reportative maisak2017 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees onšːi mola-rasadin.o-di b-ičːi=ɬodi ʟ’ankːala, b-ikːoɬi=ɬodi hede-b gʷal.u-la hinu. One day Molla-Nasreddin caught a hare and put it in a sack. once Molla-Nasreddin-erg iii-catch.aor=rep hare iii-be.caus.aor=rep dist-iii sack-in inside maisak2017 6 Originally from another source. 2.2022 8 Upper Andi Gagatli village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ʁodi / ɬodi particle Structure цитатная частица salimov2010 216 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees Има вукъголъоди. Отец пришел, говорится. salimov2010 216 2.2022 9 Upper Andi Gagatli village no yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ʁodːu particle Structure цитатная частица salimov2010 229-237 Samira Verhees Ч1акъваруди рул1идду къгамкъгухъи, гьинджелло бикъгобор сорохъи рулогъо: “Анжиди джилъибор, кьетур букъогъодду”. Перепел сказал синице, еще и если придет лисе скажи: “топор если есть, дерево срубить, мол”. salimov2010 227 2.2022 10 Upper Andi Rikvani village no yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative (ʁo)jd // (ʁo)did / ɬoʁojd particle Structure quotative maisak2017 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees ali-l’o ruʟ-o, ho-a wuɢo-b=ʁojd / ali-d di-l’o ruʟi, ži-w w-ukon=ɬoʁojd Tell Ali to come here. / Ali told me he ate already. Ali-super.lat say-imp [prox-lat m-come-imp]=quot / Ali-erg I-super.lat say.aor [self-m m-eat.aor]=quot maisak2017 2 Examples for both non-aorist and aorist form. 2.2022 11 Upper Andi Rikvani village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ʁodi / ɬodi particle Structure reportative maisak2017 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees w-uk’o-d꞊ʁodi, w-uk’o-č’igu꞊ʁodi se-w χan... There lived (= there was, there was not) one king… {beginning of a fairy-tale} m-be-prf=rep m-be-prf.neg=rep one-m king maisak2017 5 Only non-aorist form example. 2.2022 12 Upper Andi Zilo village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ʁodi / ɬodi particle Structure reportative kayeetaldraft2020 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: non-aorist / aorist. See Maisak (2017). Samira Verhees q’inn-i-j=ʁodi cːаnа. A thorn stuck [into his leg]. stick-pst-pf=rep thorn kayeetal2020 CHECK 2.2022 13 Upper Andi Zilo village no yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative (ʁo)du particle Structure quotative kayeetaldraft2020 Samira Verhees [c'ːa r-iʁ-i-j]=du č'-o-r χuj anɬ-i-r-sːu It seems to me that the rain has stopped, I do not hear the noise [anymore]. rain inan2-stop-pst-pf=quot seem-pst-prog noise hear-pst-prog-neg kayeetal2020 CHECK Example without ʁo. 2.2022 14 Archi Archi language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Both (e)r particle Structure комментатив (показатель косвенной речи) kibrik1977 231-238 Samira Verhees to-w χʷe-r-t̄e-r-ši e‹w›di žu is q’onq’ eɬu-t’ō-r-ši. He swore he did not steal my book. that-1 swear-ipf-cvb.dep <1>aux.pfv self.erg my book 4.steal.pfv-neg-quot-cvb daniel2006 2 Examples in Daniel (2006) show that the quotative / reportative can be placed inside a converb, or be followed with an attributive marker. It also seems to be two distinct but identical morphemes which differ in terms of distribution. 2.2022 15 Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure dum-tragut2009 Reported speech is marked with general subordinators, see Dum-Tragut (2009). Samira Verhees 2.2022 16 Avar Standard Avar language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Both an particle Structure forker2018avar 201-202 Samira Verhees b-os-un b-ugo=an (He) (apparently) took it. n-take-cvb n-cop=quot forker2018avar Not clear to what extent this marks hearsay (see translation). Example comes from the draft version of the paper and is not in the published version. 2.2022 17 Avar Standard Avar language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ali particle Structure forker2018avar 201-202 Samira Verhees Гьес вацасда бицана, жиз кин цӀалулев вугевали Он брату рассказал, как он учится. alekseevetal2012 236 Non-finite main predicate. 2.2022 18 Avar Standard Avar language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Both ilan particle Structure forker2018avar 201-202 Samira Verhees Гьаб хабар щибилан вачӀана эмен рокъове Что за раз­говоры, мол, пришел отец домой alekseevetal2012 236 No speech matrix verb. 2.2022 19 Avar Standard Avar language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ila particle Structure forker2018avar 201-202 Samira Verhees ħami-t’a-sa ɣorƛ-e-gun rik’ː-an=ila ħamul, b-ug=ila anc’a-b=go ħama Down from the donkey, he counted them. Apparently there are 10 donkeys. donkey.obl-spr-abl down-lat-comit count-aor=evid donkey.pl n-cop=evid ten-n=prt donkey forker2018avar 201 From a folktale. Originally from another source. 2.2022 20 Azerbaijani Standard Azerbaijani language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure shiralievsevortyan1971 Samira Verhees 2.2022 21 Bagvalal Kvanada village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ʁe particle Structure частица косвенной речи maisakchumakina2001 723-724 Distribution? Samira Verhees particles_bagvalal_re.jpg maisakchumakina2001 723 2.2022 22 Bagvalal Kvanada village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Both (ʁe II ʁa(la))di particle Structure частица косвенной речи maisakchumakina2001 723-724 Distribution? Samira Verhees particles_bagvalal_di.jpg maisakchumakina2001 724 2.2022 23 Bagvalal Kvanada village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Both ʁala particle Structure частица косвенной речи maisakchumakina2001 723-724 Distribution? Samira Verhees particles_bagvalal_rala.jpg maisakchumakina2001 723 2.2022 25 Bezhta Bezhta village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Both ƛo particle Structure reported evidential particle khalilova2011 Samira Verhees holco načalniki-ya niso-na gey ali-qa hons-coy-s öžö dibo gey, hons-coy-s öžö dil Ø-aqa-s-λo niso-na The chief said to Ali, “You have one of the boys, and I will have another boy.” that.obl chief-obl.erg say-pfv.cvb be.prs ali-poss one-distr-gen1 boy 1sg.gen1 be.prs one-distr-gen1 boy(i) 1sg.dat i-become-fut-quot say-pfv.cvb khalilova2011 44 2.2022 26 Botlikh Botlikh village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative talu particle Structure частица косвенной речи; quotative gudava1962; alexeyevverheesdraft2020 260; NA Samira Verhees iš-qa ʁʷa-ba=talu hiƛ’-u hu-šːu-χi They told him: “go home!” home-apud.lat come-imp=quot say-aor dem-m-apud alexeyevverhees2020 CHECK 2.2022 27 Botlikh Botlikh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative kʹul particle Structure частица косвенной речи gudava1962 260 Samira Verhees Гьена гьикьу ида: гьенайдара ишкур-к1ул т1алаб игьу, гьеналхару бесхъа мин игьила, гьуб бакъащайла бужир-хул диб. ADD gudava1962 CHECK From text 9. 2.2022 28 Botlikh Botlikh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative χul particle Structure частица косвенной речи gudava1962 260 Samira Verhees Кунт1уди галълъихи — гьуб бигьа на-хул-талула гьикьу габ хъарзинла ибча, томонгила ибху, гав орсса вул1у ида. ADD gudava1962 CHECK From text 11. 2.2022 29 Botlikh Botlikh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative χʷata particle Structure reportative alexeyevverheesdraft2020 Samira Verhees zini=χʷata hiƛ’a b-ukː-u [The/a] cow, they say, fell down. cow=rep down n-fall-aor alexeyevverhees2020 CHECK 2.2022 81 Budukh Budukh language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure talibov2007 Samira Verhees 2.2022 30 Budukh Budukh language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Other q’eçik no particle Structure evidential particle authier2010 17 Authier (2010: 17) mentions the existence of this particle while discussing Kryz data, but does not go into details about the marker in Budukh. Samira Verhees 2.2022 31 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative daq particle Structure цитатная форма глагола bokarev1949a 113-114 Distribution remains unclear to me. Samira Verhees particles_chamalal_daq.jpg bokarev1949a 113 2.2022 32 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ƛaq particle Structure цитатная форма глагола bokarev1949a 113-114 Distribution remains unclear to me. Samira Verhees No example. 2.2022 33 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ɬadaq particle Structure цитатная форма глагола bokarev1949a 113-114 Distribution remains unclear to me. Samira Verhees particles_chamalal_ladaq.jpg bokarev1949a 114 2.2022 34 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative kʹa // kʹalla particle Structure выражение чужой речи bokarev1949a 113-114 Distribution remains unclear to me. Samira Verhees бул1удда1к1алла buƛu-dːa=k’alla вышел, говорят go_out-pst.ptcp=rep bokarev1949a 114 Also has a predicativizing function. 2.2022 35 Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative χa // χalla particle Structure выражение чужой речи bokarev1949a 113-114 Distribution remains unclear to me. Samira Verhees биъахалла пришел, говорят bokarev1949a 114 Also has a predicativizing function. 2.2022 36 Chechen Standard Chechen language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative äìla verb Structure quotative nichols1994 61-62 “Having said” converb. Samira Verhees particles_chechen_ailla.jpg nichols1994 61 2.2022 37 Chechen Standard Chechen language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative boːxuš verb Structure quotative nichols1994 61-62 “Saying” converb. Samira Verhees particles_chechen_boxus.jpg nichols1994 62 2.2022 38 Northern Dargwa Standard Dargwa language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure vandenberg2001 Samira Verhees 2.2022 79 Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative bik'ul verb Structure quotative particle forker2019 Imperfective converb of ‘say’. Samira Verhees xːunul-li tiladi b-arq’-ib ca-b hel-i-cːe “ma-ax-utːa!” r-ik’-ul His wife begged him “Do not go!” woman-erg request n-do.pfv-pret be-n that-obl-in proh-go-proh.sg f-say.ipfv-icvb forker2019 176 2.2022 80 Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative haʔible verb Structure quotative particle forker2019 Perfective converb of ‘say’. Samira Verhees Ramazan ʁaj b-ičː-ib dam “kumek b-irq’-an=da” haʔ-ib-le Ramazan promised me “I will help (you).” Ramazan word n-give.pfv-pret 1sg.dat help n-do.ipfv-ptcp=1 say.pfv-pret-cvb forker2019 178 2.2022 78 Sanzhi-Itsari Itsari dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Mirative q’al particle Structure clitic tatevosov2001 452-455 Samira Verhees pːirzident saIR-ib-q’al {CI: The speaker has just seen the president arrive (no one had expected this event): - Have you heard the news? C2: The speaker has just heard that the president arrived unexpectedly but has not witnessed the event: -Have you heard the news?} The President came! president m.come.pfv-pst-mir tatevosov2001 454 Replaced macron with a lengthmark. 2.2022 39 Godoberi Godoberi language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory Quotative ƛ’u particle Structure citation clitic haspelmath1996 181-186 Samira Verhees jaš-u-di hiʟ’i il-u-qi den quča b=aχ-i-ʟi-bu-da-ʟ’u Daughter told mother: “I will bring the book.” (lit. Daughter said to mother, having said, I will bring the book.) daughter-obl-erg say.pst mother-obl-ad [I book n=bring-inf-fut-part-cop-cit] haspelmath1996 182 2.2022 40 Godoberi Godoberi language no no Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory Quotative ɬa / wa particle Structure evidential particle haspelmath1996 181-186 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: simple past / non-simple past. Co-occur with -ƛ’u, but -ƛ’u can occur without these two particles. Samira Verhees ʕali-di hiʟ’i il-u-qi in-šː-o niša bu=š-al-at-a-wa:-ʟ’u Ali told (his) mother that he was collecting apricots. ali-erg say.pst mother-obl-ad [self.obl-obl.m-erg apricot n=assemble-caus-prs-conv-ept-cit] haspelmath1996 183 Particle wa replaces copula ida in the construction. 2.2022 41 Godoberi Godoberi language no no Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory Quotative ɬaqi / waqi particle Structure uncertainty particle haspelmath1996 181-186 Particles “agree” with the tense of the predicate: simple past / non-simple past. Samira Verhees di-ɬi rukː-at-a-da ʕali wu=na-ɬa:-ʟ’u ʕali wu=na-ɬaqi-ʟ’u It seems to me that Ali has left. I.obl-dat seem-prs-conv-cop [Ali m=go.pst-ept-cit] [Ali m=go.pst-upt-cit] haspelmath1996 185 Replaced macron with a lengthmark. 2.2022 42 Hinuq Hinuq language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ƛen particle Structure quotative enclitic forker2013 652-664 Samira Verhees ɣʷadiː “q’ʷa”=ƛen eƛi-n The crow said “Krah.” crow.erg krah=quot say-uwpst forker2013 660 2.2022 43 Hinuq Hinuq language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative (e)ƛ particle Structure narrative enclitic forker2013 313-319 Samira Verhees nartaw-i ʡažaʔibɬi r-uː-s=eƛ, Ø-uƛ’-iš=eƛ The giant wondered and got afraid. giant-erg wonder(v) v-do-pst=narr, i-be.afraid-pst=narr forker2013 316 2.2022 44 Hunzib Hunzib language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ƛe particle Structure khalilova2011 Samira Verhees hobol Ø-oho-n lo-y-ƛe nɨsә-n li? “Did you feed the guest?” - he said. guest(i) i-feed-pfv-cvb be.prs-int-quot say-pfv.cvb be(v) khalilova2011 46 2.2022 45 Ingush Standard Ingush language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative ealar verb Structure nichols2011 249-250 Samira Verhees Tq’ea shi’ inaral voaghar ealar, shie propusk jalcha maara, cynna t’y-vaxa jish jolazh vaacar ealar yzh. 22 generals would come to get the permit without which they couldn’t go to see him (the czar), he said. 20 two-nz general v.come.impf say.wp 3srfl pass j.give.cvtemp only 3s.dat at-v.go.inf possibility j.be.cvsim v.prog:neg.pst say.wp 3p nichols2011 250 2.2022 46 Ingush Standard Ingush language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative joax verb Structure nichols2011 279 Samira Verhees T’aaqqa, vaampal veaghaav joax, tur wa=’a ottadea k’al … A vaampal (giant) was sitting there with his sword laid out before him… so then giant v.sit.nw.v quot sword dx=& stand-d.cs.cvant under nichols2011 279 2.2022 47 Tukita Tukita language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ƛ'ːi / ƛ'ːa particle Structure частица косвенной речи magomedbekova1971; gadzhieva2007 173; 140 According to Gadžieva (2007: 140), ƛ’i appears in the “inlaut” of the word, ƛ’a in the “auslaut”, judging from examples in Magomedbekova (1971: 173) this means ƛ’i can appear between the verb root and the converb suffix -baχ, while ƛ’a appears after the verb form.; According to Magomedbekova (1971: 173) all quotative particles derive from keƛ’e ‘said’. Samira Verhees particles_tukita_li.jpg magomedbekova1971 173 2.2022 49 Karata Karata dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ƛ'ːe particle Structure частица косвенной речи magomedbekova1971 173 According to Magomedbekova (1971: 173) all quotative particles derive from keƛ’e ‘said’. Samira Verhees particles_karata_le.jpg magomedbekova1971 173 2.2022 48 Tukita Tukita language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Unwitnessed eƛ / ƛa particle Structure частица заглазного действия magomedbekova1971 174 Samira Verhees particles_tukita_el.jpg magomedbekova1971 174 2.2022 50 Karata Karata dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Unwitnessed lda particle Structure частица заглазного действия magomedbekova1971 174 Samira Verhees particles_karata_lda.jpg magomedbekova1971 174 2.2022 51 Khinalug Khinalug language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure kibriketal1972 Samira Verhees 2.2022 52 Khwarshi Kvantlada village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative ƛɨn particle Structure reported evidential particle khalilova2009 237-239, 221 Samira Verhees hed iλ-in ise žik’ó, dubo omˁoq’ˁe ħono-lux ˁōnˁōnλ-aλa, mo Ø-uh-a goli λɨn. Then that man said, “You will die, when your donkey brays three times.” then say-pst.uw that.obl man.obl.erg 2sg.gen1 donkey three-repet bray-antr 2sg.abs i-die-inf be.prs quot khalilova2009 238 2.2022 53 Khwarshi Kvantlada village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative ƛo particle Structure narrative particle khalilova2009 237-239, 221 Samira Verhees heč’č’e atɣuli hunne-ma b-us-i-λo isul boc’o q’ˁem-ɨn l-eλ-ɨn First he met a wolf who had a headache. [The man who went to God] most in.front road-in iii-find-pst.w-narr that.lat wolf(iii) head(iv)-and iv-be.ill-pfv.cvb khalilova2009 238 2.2022 54 Khwarshi Kvantlada village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative č’aːl verb Structure hearsay construction khalilova2009 239 General tense of č’ala ‘to inform, to hear’. Similar construction of unclear status discussed in Khalilova (2009: 239), example 447. Samira Verhees žequɬ os iλ-še (λɨn) č’āl. They say that today (they) will give (us) money. today money give-prs quot inform.gnt khalilova2009 239 2.2022 55 Kryz Alik dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Unwitnessed miš particle Structure evidentiality-marking clitic authier2009; authier2010 255-257; 15-17 General indirect evidentiality marker borrowed from Azerbaijani. No quotative attested. Samira Verhees u-cbar ʕa-b-xhr-i k’ul-ci cuxud q’ay-ca-miş The master of the house where they arrived had died. 3-hpl pv-hpl-come.pf-part house-gen master die-perf-evid authier2010 16 According to Authier (2010: 16): “non-direct evidence in the past, not necessarily remote” 2.2022 56 Kumyk Standard Kumyk language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure abdullaevaetal2014 Samira Verhees 2.2022 57 Lak Standard Lak language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative kunu verb Structure friedman2007 363-367 Verb ‘say’ past gerund.; kunu, t’ij and t’ar are different forms of the same verb. Samira Verhees particles_lak_kunu.jpg friedman2007 364 2.2022 58 Lak Standard Lak language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative tʹij verb Structure friedman2007 363-367 Verb ‘say’ present gerund.; kunu, t’ij and t’ar are different forms of the same verb. Samira Verhees particles_lak_tij.jpg friedman2007 364 2.2022 59 Lak Standard Lak language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Both tʹar verb Structure friedman2007 363-367 Verb ‘say’ third singular present.; kunu, t’ij and t’ar are different forms of the same verb. Samira Verhees particles_lak_tar.jpg friedman2007 365 2.2022 60 Lak Standard Lak language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Inferential kːar verb Structure friedman2007 363-367 Verb ‘appear’ past gerund. Samira Verhees particles_lak_kar.jpg friedman2007 368 2.2022 61 Lak Standard Lak language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Inferential χːaj verb Structure friedman2007 363-367 Verb ‘appear’ present gerund. Samira Verhees particles_lak_xaj.jpg friedman2007 367 2.2022 62 Lezgian Standard Lezgian language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Reportative lda particle Structure haspelmath1993 148 Samira Verhees particles_lezgian_lda.jpg haspelmath1993 148 2.2022 63 Nogai Standard Nogai language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure Samira Verhees 2.2022 64 Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative xur verb Structure maxmudova2002 252 verb ‘say’ past Samira Verhees Хыных 'Мыкьа йиъи, мыкьа йиъи' хьур, некьик кирхьури Мальчик, жалуясь на холод, уснул (букв. Мальчик Холодно есть, холодно есть сказав, в сон упал). maxmudova2002 252 2.2022 65 Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ruxura verb Structure maxmudova2002 252 verb ‘say’ present Samira Verhees Нин, нин!' рухьура, рухьура рыш некьиклаа киирхьури Мама, мама говоря, девочка проснулась (букв. Мама, мама говоря, говоря, девочка из сна выпала). maxmudova2002 252 2.2022 67 Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative xʷa particle Structure maxmudova2002 252 Samira Verhees Хынхыра """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""мыкьа йиъи"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" хьва Мальчик говорит, что ему холодно (букв. """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Мальчик """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""холодно есть"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" говорит"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""") maxmudova2002 252 2.2022 68 Rutul Luchek village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Inferential kal particle Structure alekseev1994 237 Samira Verhees t’urcː-kal kːirχːar The colonel, it seems, is intervening. alekseev1994 237 2.2022 70 Tabasaran Southern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative kʹurdi / kʹuri verb Structure magometov1965 340-341 Verb ‘say’ present gerund. Samira Verhees duɣu ɣapnu, uxurza ḳuri. Он сказал, что прочтет. (досл. Он сказал, прочту, говоря.) magometov1965 340 Dialect of the village Gumi (Northern Tabasaran). 2.2022 71 Tabasaran Southern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative dnpnu / pnu verb Structure magometov1965 340-341 Verb ‘say’ past gerund. Samira Verhees dnɣu fikir apura, uč⁰ uǯur wu pnu (//ḳuri). Он думает, сам хороший, сказав // говоря. magometov1965 341 Dialect of the village Gumi (Northern Tabasaran). 2.2022 72 Tindi Tindi village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ƛ'o particle Structure цитатная форма глагола magomedova2003; magomedova2012 579; 202 Samira Verhees particles_tindi_lo.jpg magomedova2012 202 2.2022 82 Tsakhur Mishlesh village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure kibrik1999 Samira Verhees 2.2022 73 Tsakhur Mishlesh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Other jiː particle Structure maisaktatevosov1998; maisaktatevosov2007 74-85; 392-403 Somehow evidentiality-adjacent. Samira Verhees 2.2022 74 Tsakhur Mishlesh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Particle inventory Epistemic authority niː particle Structure maisaktatevosov1998 64-73 Somehow evidentiality-adjacent. Samira Verhees 2.2022 75 Tsez Asakh village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Quotative ƛin particle Structure quotative particle khalilova2011 Samira Verhees c’i rik’asi keč’oqan Ø-ay-x-λin eλi-x išk’olār. (They) say the famous singer will arrive at (our) school. name man(i) singer i-come-prs-quot say-prs school.in.lat khalilova2011 44 2.2022 76 Tsez Asakh village no no Particles of reported speech and inference Dedicated markers Particle inventory Reportative ƛaχ particle Structure narrative particle khalilova2011 Samira Verhees No example. 2.2022 24 Tsova-Tush Zemo-Alvani village yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative ainO particle Structure reported speech particle holiskygagua1994 187 Samira Verhees lamnax-ainO in the mountains, he said holiskygagua1994 187 For lack of a better example. 2.2022 77 Udi Nizh dialect_toplevel yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure schulze1982 Samira Verhees 2.2022 78 Juhuri Juhuri language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference No particle attested Particle inventory No particle attested no particle no particle Structure authierdraft2020 236-238 Tat uses a general complementizer ki to mark speech complements. Samira Verhees 2.2022 79 Georgian Standard Georgian language yes yes Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative o particle Structure quotative particle boeder2000 279-280 Also used in hearsay constructions, see Boeder (2000: 279-280). Samira Verhees miça-ši-o okro-s kila iq'o-o In the earth, there was a gold jar, it is said. earth-in-quot gold-gen jar(nom) it.was(aor)-quot boeder2000 279 2.2022 79 Georgian Standard Georgian language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative metki particle Structure reported speech marker ramattopadze2007 16-17 From < me vtkvi 'I said'. First person form. Samira Verhees ramdendžer g-i-txar-i k’ar-i ar dak’et’-o-metki! How many times have I told you not to close the door (I said)! how_many_times 2.sg-vers-tell-aor.1sg door-nom non close-opt.2sg–quot ramattopadze2007 16 2.2022 79 Georgian Standard Georgian language no no Particles of reported speech and inference Single marker type Particle inventory Quotative tko particle Structure reported speech marker ramattopadze2007 16-17 Third person equivalent of metki. Is also used in first person in dialects and spoken Georgian (Ramat & Topadze 2007: 16). Samira Verhees utxar-i, male mod-i-tko. Tell him/her, to come soon. (literally: tell her/him, come soon, s/he said). tell:2sg-imp soon come-imp.2sg-quot ramattopadze2007 16 2.2022