id family group language idiom type genlang_point map chapter pred_infl spatial value1 feature1 value2 feature2 value value_as_in_source source page comment contributor form example_as_in_source example gloss translation_as_in_source translation example_source example_page example_comment date 1 East Caucasian Lezgic Agul Standard Agul language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative elative -l magometov1970 84 Chiara Naccarato -l-as zun bic'if e dada-l-as I small cop father-sup-el я меньше отца I'm smaller than my father magometov1970 84 35.40.00 2 East Caucasian Andic Northern Akhvakh Northern Akhvakh language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative translative magomedbekova1967 67 Chiara Naccarato -g-une jacːo-g-une wacːi šoda gudi sister.obl-sup-trans brother good cop.m брат лучше сестры the brother is better than the sister magomedbekova1967 67 35.40.00 3 East Caucasian Andic Upper Andi Andi village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive/lative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contessive essive II cercvadze1965 344 Chiara Naccarato -č'u hono-r haq'ːu du-r haq'ːu-č'u r-eč'uχa dem-inan2 house you.sg-inan2 house.obl-cont inan2-big этот дом больше твоего дома this house is bigger than your house cercvadze1965 344 35.40.00 4 East Caucasian Lezgic Archi Archi language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative kibrik1977 153 residual spatial usages (Daniel & Ganenkov 2009: 673-674) Chiara Naccarato -χur dogi niIši-χur t'i donkey horse.obl?-cmpr small осел меньше лошади the donkey is smaller than the horse kibrik1977 153 35.40.00 5 East Caucasian Lezgic Archi Archi language no no standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative elative III mikailov1967 60 Chiara Naccarato -tː-iš ƛurc'em ƛʷati-tːu-b i dogi-li-tː-iš mule strong-attr-inan1.sg cop donkey-obl?-sup-el мул сильнее осла the mule is stronger than the donkey mikailov1967 60 35.40.00 6 Indo-European Armenic Eastern Armenian Eastern Armenian language yes yes standard of comparison yes spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative dum-tragut2009 532 Chiara Naccarato -ic' Ararat-ě Aragac'-ic' (aveli) barjr ē Ararat-det Aragac-abl (cmpr) high cop Ararat is higher than Aragac Ararat is higher than Aragac dum-tragut2009 532 35.40.00 7 East Caucasian Avar Avar Standard Avar language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative superablative forkerdraft2020 17 Chiara Naccarato -da-sa di-da-sa ɬik’-a-w qazaq du-je=gi šːʷ-ela-r=in I.obl-sup-el good-adjz-m worker you.sg.obl-dat=add get-fut-neg=emph you will also not get a better farm worker than me you will also not get a better farm worker than me forkerdraft2020 NA (17) example from bokarev1949syntax 35.40.00 8 Turkic Oghuz Azerbaijani Standard Azerbaijani language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative shiralievsevortyan1971 47 Chiara Naccarato -dan (-dən) Bakı Kirovabad-dan böyük-dür Baku Kirovabad-abl big-cop.3sg Баку больше Кировабада Baku is bigger than Kirovabad sirəliyevsevortyan1971 47 35.40.00 9 East Caucasian Andic Bagvalal Kvanada village no no standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative sosenskaja2001 409 Chiara Naccarato -la-sː anwar ʕisa-la-sː kuwata-w ekʷ'a Anwar Isa.obl-sup-el strong-m cop Анвар сильнее Исы Anwar is stronger than Isa sosenskaja2001 409 35.40.00 10 East Caucasian Andic Bagvalal Kvanada village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive/lative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contessive sosenskaja2001 409 Chiara Naccarato -č' anwar ʕisa-č' kuwata-w ekʷ'a Anwar Isa.obl-cont strong-m cop Анвар сильнее Исы Anwar is stronger than Isa sosenskaja2001 409 35.40.00 11 East Caucasian Andic Bagvalal Khushtada village no yes standard of comparison essive/lative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers magomedova2004 578 Chiara Naccarato -č' di-č' muk'u-w I.obl-cont young-m моложе меня younger than me magomedova2004 578 35.40.00 12 East Caucasian Tsezic Bezhta Bezhta village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive/lative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superessive essive -ʁa / -ʁoj madieva1965 96 adessive (Daniel & Ganenkov 2009) Chiara Naccarato -ʁa (-ʁoj) isi-ʁa is k'et'o gej sister.obl-sup brother good cop брат лучше, чем сестра есть the brother is better than the sister madieva1965 96 35.40.00 13 East Caucasian Andic Botlikh Botlikh village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative adelative alexeyevverheesdraft2020 Chiara Naccarato -č'u-ku azaru-da ʁuruša-č'u-ku c'ːik'ːa thousand-num rouble.obl-cont-el a_lot more than thousand roubles more than thousand roubles alekseyevverheesdraft2020 35.40.00 14 East Caucasian Lezgic Budukh Budukh language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative ablative IV talibov2007 118 -r elative Chiara Naccarato -wor q'atɨr lemildu-wor q'uwolu wi mule donkey.obl?-cmpr strong cop мул осла сильнее the mule is stronger than the donkey talibov2007 118 35.40.00 15 East Caucasian Andic Chamalal Upper Gakvari dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative elative I bokarev1949a 48 superelative (Daniel & Ganenkov 2009) Chiara Naccarato -č'-oː gamuš c'atu-č'-oː kutaka-b ida buffalo horse.obl-cont-el strong-n cop буйвол сильнее лошади the buffalo is stronger than the horse bokarev1949 48 35.40.00 16 East Caucasian Andic Chamalal Lower Gakvari dialect_toplevel no yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative elative II magomedova1999 422 Chiara Naccarato -č'-oː wacu-č'-oː mik'i ida jac brother.obl-cont-el young cop sister сестра младше брата the sister is younger than the brother magomedova1999 422 35.40.00 17 East Caucasian Andic Gigatli Gigatli language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative elative I bokarev1949a 56 Chiara Naccarato -č'u-r de-w wacːu-č'u-r w-uho ida I.obl-m(gen) brother.obl-cont-el m-big cop я больше брата I'm bigger than my brother bokarev1949 56 35.40.00 18 East Caucasian Andic Chamalal Gadyri dialect_toplevel no yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative elative I bokarev1949a 55 Chiara Naccarato -č'-oː deː-j wacu-č'-oː gošo ide I.obl-f(gen) brother.obl-cont-el big cop я больше брата I'm bigger than my brother bokarev1949 55 35.40.00 19 East Caucasian Nakh Chechen Standard Chechen language yes yes standard of comparison yes dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative jakovlev1960; nichols1994 21; 30 Chiara Naccarato -(a)l iza suo-l dika v-u he I-cmpr good m-cop he is better than me he is better than me nichols1994 30 35.40.00 20 East Caucasian Dargwa Northern Dargwa Standard Dargwa language yes yes standard of comparison essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers musaev2002 86 only examples Chiara Naccarato -či-CM iti-či-b iš jurt aqli sabi dem.obl?-sup-n(ess) this two_floor_house high cop чем тот, этот дом выше this house is higher than that musaev2002 86 35.40.00 21 East Caucasian Dargwa Northern Dargwa Aqusha dialect_toplevel no yes standard of comparison no spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superessive essive -č abdullaev1954 110 Chiara Naccarato -či-CM nuša-či-b ʕeža-či-b uni durqasi sabi we-sup-n(ess) goat.obl?-sup-n(ess) ox expensive cop у нас бык дороже, чем коза the ox is more expensive than the goat abdullaev1954 110 35.40.00 22 East Caucasian Dargwa Mehweb Mehweb language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superessive chechuro2019 65 Chiara Naccarato -če-CM rasul quwati le-w muħammadi-če-w Rasul strong cop-m Muhammad.obl?-cont-m(ess) Rasul is stronger than Muhammad Rasul is stronger than Muhammad chechuro2019 65 35.40.00 23 East Caucasian Dargwa Sanzhi-Itsari Itsari dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative sumbatovamutalov2003 32 Chiara Naccarato -li(ː)-r paːt'ma razijat-liː-r čakʷa-ci-ca-r Patimat Razijat-obl.sup-el beautiful-attr-prs-f Patimat is more beautiful than Razijat Patimat is more beautiful than Razijat sumbatovamutalov2003 NA (32) 35.40.00 24 East Caucasian Dargwa Kubachi Kubachi language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superessive essive -že magometov1963 134 Chiara Naccarato -ži-CM di-ži-j id χːʷala sa-j I.obl-sup-f(ess) she old cop-f чем я, она старше she is older than me magometov1963 134 35.40.00 25 East Caucasian Dargwa Southwestern Dargwa Tanti dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative sumbatovalander2014 73 Chiara Naccarato -ja-r hi.t xuri-ja-r haq-le=sa-j dem rock-sup-el high-adv=cop-m он выше скалы he is higher than the rock sumbatovalander2014 73 35.40.00 26 East Caucasian Dargwa Sanzhi-Itsari Sanzhi dialect_toplevel no yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative loc-ablative forker2020dargwa 69, 128, 569 localization meaning = super/in Chiara Naccarato -ja-r(ka) / -a-r(ka) / -le-r(ka) atːa-ja-r χːula-te=ra b-irχ-i father-sup-el big-dd.pl=add hpl-be.ipfv-hab.pst There were (brothers) older than grandfather (lit. father) There were (brothers) older than grandfather forker2020dargwa 128 35.40.00 27 Kartvelian Georgic Georgian Standard Georgian language yes yes standard of comparison yes dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative postposition -ze hewitt2005 40 temporal postposition Chiara Naccarato -ze kal-i k’ac-ze (upro) maġal-i a-r-i(-s) woman-nom man-cmpr (more) tall-nom cop.3sg the woman is taller than the man the woman is taller than the man hewitt2005 40 I don't understand the morphological structure of the copula 35.40.00 28 East Caucasian Andic Godoberi Godoberi language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative sosenskajatatevosov1996; saidova1973 167; 69 Chiara Naccarato -č'u-ru ruša hič'i-da hanq'u-č'u-ru=la tree high-cop house.obl-cont-el=add the tree is higher than the house the tree is higher than the house sosenskajatatevosov1996 167 35.40.00 29 East Caucasian Tsezic Hinuq Hinuq language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial lative Spatial vs. dedicated markers a-loc Localization markers aloc-lative forker2019 229 animate location Chiara Naccarato -de-r hago di-de-r ɬora ƛeb-a Ø-eˁžiy goɬ he I.obl-aloc-lat three.obl year-in m-big cop he is three years younger than me he is three years younger than me forker2019 230 35.40.00 30 East Caucasian Tsezic Hinuq Hinuq language no no standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative superablative forker2019 229--230 younger speakers Chiara Naccarato -ƛ'o-s hago di-ƛʼo-s ɬora ƛeb-a Ø-eˁžiy goɬ he I.obl-sup-el three.obl year-in m-big cop he is three years younger than me he is three years younger than me forker2019 230 35.40.00 31 East Caucasian Tsezic Hunzib Hunzib language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative vandenberg1995 50 Chiara Naccarato -yɑː əg Ø-iʔer ɑbu-yɑː lo he m-small father-cmpr cop.m he is smaller than father he is smaller than father vandenberg1995 50 35.40.00 32 East Caucasian Nakh Ingush Standard Ingush language yes yes standard of comparison yes dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative nichols2011 127, 425 Chiara Naccarato -l je mashen vuoqa mashiena-l deare-gh j-y dem car other car-cmpr cheap-cmpr f-cop this car is less expensive than the other car this car is less expensive than the other car nichols2011 425 35.40.00 33 East Caucasian Andic Karata Karata dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative elative magomedbekova1971; magomedovaxalidova2001 90; 455 Chiara Naccarato -a-gal jacːow-a-gal wacːi xoho-w ida sister.obl-sup-el brother good-m cop брат лучше сестры the brother is better than the sister magomedbekova1971 90 35.40.00 34 East Caucasian Andic Karata Karata dialect_toplevel no no standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative pasquereau2010 37, 41, 60 Chiara Naccarato -č'o-gal dija dãdesː herk'ãj idja di-č'o-gal I.dat sister_in_law older.f cop I.obl-cont-el the wife of my brother-in-law is older than me the wife of my brother-in-law is older than me pasquereau2010 37 35.40.00 35 East Caucasian Andic Tukita Tukita language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contessive Michael Daniel, p.c. Chiara Naccarato -č' islam israpili-č' herc'u-w egu Islam Israpil.obl-cont tall-m cop Islam is taller than Israpil Michael Daniel p.c. no screenshot 35.40.00 36 East Caucasian Andic Karata Anchiq dialect_toplevel no yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contelative Konstantin Filatov, p.c. Chiara Naccarato -č'-wal dunal-lɬ-a ũšː-i-č'-wal ƛani lɬẽj gira world-obl-sup soil-obl-cont-el many water cop в мире воды больше, чем суши on the planet there is more water than soil Konstantin Filatov p.c. 35.40.00 37 East Caucasian Khinalug Khinalug Khinalug language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative desheriev1959 25 -l:i elative Chiara Naccarato -q'ilːi ej c'wa ksanež-maʔ eci čχi c'wa-q'ilːi I.gen house good-cop dem big house-cmpr мой дом лучше этого большого дома my house is better than this big house desheriev1959 25 35.40.00 38 East Caucasian Tsezic Khwarshi Kvantlada village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative superablative khalilova2009 285 superessive (Daniel & Ganenkov 2009) Chiara Naccarato -λ'a-zi Musa Aħmad-λ'a-zi ø-uxala goli Musa Akhmed-sup-el m-tall cop Musa is taller than Axmed Musa is taller than Axmed khalilova2009 286 35.40.00 39 East Caucasian Lezgic Kryz Alik dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers ad Localization markers adelative authier2009 183 Chiara Naccarato -v-ar lu utağ la'a-be-var an ghala-yu dem room other-npl-ad.el ptc good-cop.f cette chambre était encore plus belle que les autres this room is more beautiful than the others authier2009 183 35.40.00 40 Turkic Kipchak Kumyk Standard Kumyk language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative gadzhiakhmedov2000; dmitriev1940 54; 70 Chiara Naccarato -dan (-den) ol men-den ullu, sen-den gičːi he I-abl older you.sg-abl young он старше меня, младше тебя he is older than me, younger than you gadzhiakhmedov2000 75 35.40.00 41 East Caucasian Lak Lak Standard Lak language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative zhirkov1955; kazenin2013 39; 281 Chiara Naccarato -jar tani-jar wiχšala-sːa k'anu baq'ar dem-cmpr safe-attr place neg.cop более надежного места, чем это, нет there is no safer place than this kazenin2013 287 35.40.00 42 East Caucasian Lezgic Lezgian Standard Lezgian language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative haspelmath1993 432 Chiara Naccarato -l-aj za-z wun i dünja-di-l-aj para k'an-da I.obl-dat you.sg dem world-obl-sup-el much love-fut I love you more than this world I love you more than this world haspelmath1993 432 35.40.00 43 Turkic Kipchak Nogai Standard Nogai language yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative gadzhiakhmedov2000 75 Chiara Naccarato -den bu üy o üy-den biyik dem house dem house-abl big этот дом выше того дома this house is taller than that house gadzhiakhmedov2000 75 35.40.00 44 East Caucasian Lezgic Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative maxmudova2002; ibragimov2004 42; 60, 75 Chiara Naccarato -qaʔ wa-s rɨš-e-qaʔ duχ qɨga-r-a you.sg-dat girl-obl-cmpr son love.ipfv.m-cvb-be ты любишь сына больше, чем дочь you love your son more than your daughter maxmudova2002 42 35.40.00 45 East Caucasian Lezgic Rutul Mukhad dialect_toplevel no no standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative elative V ibragimov2004 60, 75 Chiara Naccarato -la iz-dɨ did wɨ-dɨ did-ɨ-la hɨχ-dɨ jiʔi I-attr father you.sg-attr father-obl-sup.el good-attr cop.m мой отец лучше твоего отца my father is better than your father ibragimov2004 75 35.40.00 46 East Caucasian Lezgic Rutul Luchek village no yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative superablative alekseev1994 247 Chiara Naccarato -lɨ ha-d ǯu-dɨ šu-lɨ χuliχi r-iʔi she-attr refl.m.obl-attr brother-sup.el fat f-cop she is fatter than her brother she is fatter than her brother alekseev1994 247 35.40.00 47 East Caucasian Lezgic Tabasaran Standard Tabasaran language yes yes standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative alekseevshixalieva2003; xanmagomedovshalbuzov2001 52; 425 -an elative Chiara Naccarato -t'an čwe či-t'an bic'i-r wu brother sister-cmpr younger-f cop брат моложе сестры the brother is younger than the sister xanmagomedovshalbuzov2001 425 35.40.00 48 East Caucasian Lezgic Tabasaran Northern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel no no standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative magometov1965 158 -an elative Chiara Naccarato -t'an(a) hatmu daftːar-t'ana that book-cmpr чем та книга than that book magometov1965 158 35.40.00 49 East Caucasian Lezgic Tabasaran Southern Tabasaran dialect_toplevel no no standard of comparison no dedicated dedicated Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers comparative magometov1965 158 -an elative Chiara Naccarato -č'an / -dakan hatmu kitab-ar-dakan that book-pl-cmpr чем те книги than those books magometov1966 158 35.40.00 50 Indo-European Iranian Juhuri Juhuri language yes yes standard of comparison yes spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative authier2012 75, 76 ablative preposition Chiara Naccarato ez me ez tü ziyodte ʕämeldan vediromo-r-um I abl you.sg more wily come_out-aor-1 je me suis avéré plus malin que toi I turned out to be smarter than you authier2012 76 35.40.00 51 East Caucasian Andic Tindi Tindi village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers cont Localization markers contessive essive -č' magomedova2012; magomedova2003 101; 557 Chiara Naccarato -č'i wacːi k*'e-ja rehã-ɬːiː muk'u-w ija jacːu-č'i brother two-num year-nm.obl.erg young-m cop sister.obl-cont брат на два года моложе сестры the brother is two years younger than the sister magomedova2012 79 35.40.00 52 East Caucasian Lezgic Tsakhur Mishlesh village yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative sosenskaja1999 561 Chiara Naccarato -l-e fāt'imat zuhra-j-l-e jug-ra ješemiš-ēx-e wo-r Fatima Zuhra-obl-sup-el good-adv.f live-become.f-ipf cop-f Фатима живет лучше, чем Зухра Fatima lives better than Zuhra sosenskaja1999 561 35.40.00 53 East Caucasian Tsezic Tsez Kidero dialect_nt1 yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers super Localization markers superelative elative I bokarev1959tsez 195 Chiara Naccarato -ƛ'-aj esnaza-ƛ'-aj žo eže brothers.obl-sup-el he tall он больше (выше), чем братья he is taller than his brothers bokarev1959tsez 195 35.40.00 54 East Caucasian Nakh Tsova-Tush Zemo-Alvani village yes yes standard of comparison yes spatial essive Spatial vs. dedicated markers in Localization markers inessive comparative = inessive I desheriev1953 64 inessive I has meanings like Russian prepositional case Chiara Naccarato -χ seː wašo xeː wašo-χ iazi-wχ w-a I.gen brother you.sg.gen brother.obl-in good-cmpr m-cop мой брат лучше твоего брата my brother is better than yours desheriev1953 64 35.40.00 55 East Caucasian Lezgic Udi Nizh dialect_toplevel yes yes standard of comparison no spatial elative Spatial vs. dedicated markers no_localization Localization markers ablative ganenkov2008 42 Chiara Naccarato -χun bitüm boIqːal vuj hazar-aχun gele-ne all population nine thousand-abl a_lot-3sg всего количество (удин) больше девяти тысяч the total number of Udi people is more than 9 thousands ganenkov2008 43 35.40.00