---
date: 2022-02-09
---


- [命令的处理过程](#%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B)
- [命令读取](#%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%96)
- [命令解析](#%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90)
- [命令执行](#%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C)
- [结果返回](#%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E)
- [参考链接](#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析系列](#redis-%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97)
- [我的公众号](#%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%97%E5%8F%B7)

# 命令的处理过程

Redis server 和一个客户端建立连接后，会在事件驱动框架中注册可读事件——客户端的命令请求。命令处理对应 4 个阶段：
- `命令读取`：对应 readQueryFromClient 函数
- `命令解析`：对应 processInputBuffer 函数
- `命令执行`：对应 processCommand 函数
- `结果返回`：对应 addReply 函数

# 命令读取
`readQueryFromClient` 函数在之前的文章中分析过，主要流程就是：
1. 调用 connRead 函数读取命令
2. 将命令追加到同步缓冲区，修改同步偏移量
3. 调用 processInputBuffer 函数进行命令解析

```c
void readQueryFromClient(connection *conn) {
    // 从 connection 结构中获取客户端
    client *c = connGetPrivateData(conn);
    ……
    nread = connRead(c->conn, c->querybuf+qblen, readlen);
    ……

    /* There is more data in the client input buffer, continue parsing it
     * in case to check if there is a full command to execute. */
     processInputBuffer(c);
}
```

# 命令解析

`processInputBuffer` 函数会调用 `processCommandAndResetClient` 函数，其中又会调用 `processCommand` 函数。

```c
void processInputBuffer(client *c) {

    while(c->qb_pos < sdslen(c->querybuf)) {
        ……

        // 根据客户端输入缓冲区的命令开头字符判断命令类型
        if (!c->reqtype) {
            // 符合 RESP 协议的命令
            if (c->querybuf[c->qb_pos] == '*') {
                c->reqtype = PROTO_REQ_MULTIBULK;
            } else {
                // 管道类型命令
                c->reqtype = PROTO_REQ_INLINE;
            }
        }

        // 对于管道类型命令，调用 processInlineBuffer 函数解析
        if (c->reqtype == PROTO_REQ_INLINE) {
            if (processInlineBuffer(c) != C_OK) break;
            ……
        // 对于 RESP 协议命令，调用 processMultibulkBuffer 函数解析
        } else if (c->reqtype == PROTO_REQ_MULTIBULK) {
            if (processMultibulkBuffer(c) != C_OK) break;
        }
        ……

        if (c->argc == 0) {
            resetClient(c);
        } else {
            ……

            // 可以开始执行命令了
            if (processCommandAndResetClient(c) == C_ERR) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    ……
}
```

```c
int processCommandAndResetClient(client *c) {
    int deadclient = 0;
    client *old_client = server.current_client;
    server.current_client = c;
    if (processCommand(c) == C_OK) {
        commandProcessed(c);
    }
    if (server.current_client == NULL) deadclient = 1;
    /*
     * Restore the old client, this is needed because when a script
     * times out, we will get into this code from processEventsWhileBlocked.
     * Which will cause to set the server.current_client. If not restored
     * we will return 1 to our caller which will falsely indicate the client
     * is dead and will stop reading from its buffer.
     */
    server.current_client = old_client;
    /* performEvictions may flush slave output buffers. This may
     * result in a slave, that may be the active client, to be
     * freed. */
    return deadclient ? C_ERR : C_OK;
}
```

# 命令执行

`processCommand` 函数是在 `server.c` 文件中实现的：
- 调用 moduleCallCommandFilters 函数，将 Redis 命令替换成 module 想要替换的命令
- 当前命令是否为 quit 命令，并进行相应处理
- 调用 lookupCommand 函数，在全局变量 server 的 commands 成员变量中查找相关命令

commands 是一个哈希表：

```c
struct redisServer {
   ...
   dict *commands; 
   ...
}
```

其是在 initServerConfig 函数中初始化的：

```c
void initServerConfig(void) {
    ...
    server.commands = dictCreate(&commandTableDictType,NULL);
    ...
    populateCommandTable();
    ...
}
```

populateCommandTable 函数中使用了 `redisCommandTable` 数组：

```c
void populateCommandTable(void) {
    int j;
    int numcommands = sizeof(redisCommandTable)/sizeof(struct redisCommand);

    for (j = 0; j < numcommands; j++) {
        struct redisCommand *c = redisCommandTable+j;
        int retval1, retval2;

        /* Translate the command string flags description into an actual
         * set of flags. */
        if (populateCommandTableParseFlags(c,c->sflags) == C_ERR)
            serverPanic("Unsupported command flag");

        c->id = ACLGetCommandID(c->name); /* Assign the ID used for ACL. */
        retval1 = dictAdd(server.commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
        /* Populate an additional dictionary that will be unaffected
         * by rename-command statements in redis.conf. */
        retval2 = dictAdd(server.orig_commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
        serverAssert(retval1 == DICT_OK && retval2 == DICT_OK);
    }
}
```

redisCommandTable 数组是在 server.c 中定义的，记录了当前命令所对应的实现函数。具体见：https://github.com/LjyYano/redis/blob/unstable/src/server.c

```c
struct redisCommand redisCommandTable[] = {
    {"module",moduleCommand,-2,
     "admin no-script",
     0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0,0},

    {"get",getCommand,2,
     "read-only fast @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

    {"getex",getexCommand,-2,
     "write fast @string",
     0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},

     ……
};
```

其 `redisCommand` 结构如下：

```c
struct redisCommand {
    char *name;
    redisCommandProc *proc;
    int arity;
    char *sflags;   /* Flags as string representation, one char per flag. */
    uint64_t flags; /* The actual flags, obtained from the 'sflags' field. */
    /* Use a function to determine keys arguments in a command line.
     * Used for Redis Cluster redirect. */
    redisGetKeysProc *getkeys_proc;
    /* What keys should be loaded in background when calling this command? */
    int firstkey; /* The first argument that's a key (0 = no keys) */
    int lastkey;  /* The last argument that's a key */
    int keystep;  /* The step between first and last key */
    long long microseconds, calls, rejected_calls, failed_calls;
    int id;     /* Command ID. This is a progressive ID starting from 0 that
                   is assigned at runtime, and is used in order to check
                   ACLs. A connection is able to execute a given command if
                   the user associated to the connection has this command
                   bit set in the bitmap of allowed commands. */
};
```

再回到 processCommand 函数，断当前客户端是否有 CLIENT_MULTI 标记，如果有的话，就表明要处理的是 Redis 事务的相关命令，所以它会按照事务的要求，调用 queueMultiCommand 函数将命令入队保存，等待后续一起处理。而如果没有，processCommand 函数就会调用 `call` 函数来实际执行命令了。

```c
if (c->flags & CLIENT_MULTI &&
    c->cmd->proc != execCommand && c->cmd->proc != discardCommand &&
    c->cmd->proc != multiCommand && c->cmd->proc != watchCommand &&
    c->cmd->proc != resetCommand)
{
    // 将命令入队保存，后续一起处理
    queueMultiCommand(c);
    addReply(c,shared.queued);
} else {
    // 调用 call 函数执行命令
    call(c,CMD_CALL_FULL);
    ……
}
```

下面以最简单的 get 命令为例：

```c
{"get",getCommand,2,
    "read-only fast @string",
    0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0,0},
```

对应的实现函数是 `getCommand`，其调用了 `getGenericCommand` 函数：

```c
void getCommand(client *c) {
    getGenericCommand(c);
}

int getGenericCommand(client *c) {
    robj *o;

    if ((o = lookupKeyReadOrReply(c,c->argv[1],shared.null[c->resp])) == NULL)
        return C_OK;

    if (checkType(c,o,OBJ_STRING)) {
        return C_ERR;
    }

    addReplyBulk(c,o);
    return C_OK;
}
```

其最终会调用到 db.c 文件中的 lookupKeyReadWithFlags 函数：

```c
robj *lookupKeyReadWithFlags(redisDb *db, robj *key, int flags) {
    robj *val;

    if (expireIfNeeded(db,key) == 1) {
        /* If we are in the context of a master, expireIfNeeded() returns 1
         * when the key is no longer valid, so we can return NULL ASAP. */
        if (server.masterhost == NULL)
            goto keymiss;

        /* However if we are in the context of a slave, expireIfNeeded() will
         * not really try to expire the key, it only returns information
         * about the "logical" status of the key: key expiring is up to the
         * master in order to have a consistent view of master's data set.
         *
         * However, if the command caller is not the master, and as additional
         * safety measure, the command invoked is a read-only command, we can
         * safely return NULL here, and provide a more consistent behavior
         * to clients accessing expired values in a read-only fashion, that
         * will say the key as non existing.
         *
         * Notably this covers GETs when slaves are used to scale reads. */
        if (server.current_client &&
            server.current_client != server.master &&
            server.current_client->cmd &&
            server.current_client->cmd->flags & CMD_READONLY)
        {
            goto keymiss;
        }
    }
    val = lookupKey(db,key,flags);
    if (val == NULL)
        goto keymiss;
    server.stat_keyspace_hits++;
    return val;

keymiss:
    if (!(flags & LOOKUP_NONOTIFY)) {
        notifyKeyspaceEvent(NOTIFY_KEY_MISS, "keymiss", key, db->id);
    }
    server.stat_keyspace_misses++;
    return NULL;
}
```

会调用到 lookupKey 函数：

```c
robj *lookupKey(redisDb *db, robj *key, int flags) {
    dictEntry *de = dictFind(db->dict,key->ptr);
    if (de) {
        robj *val = dictGetVal(de);

        /* Update the access time for the ageing algorithm.
         * Don't do it if we have a saving child, as this will trigger
         * a copy on write madness. */
        if (!hasActiveChildProcess() && !(flags & LOOKUP_NOTOUCH)){
            if (server.maxmemory_policy & MAXMEMORY_FLAG_LFU) {
                updateLFU(val);
            } else {
                val->lru = LRU_CLOCK();
            }
        }
        return val;
    } else {
        return NULL;
    }
}
```

# 结果返回

addReply 函数，主要是调用 prepareClientToWrite 函数，进而调用到 clientInstallWriteHandler 函数，将待写回客户端加入到全局变量 server 的 clients_pending_write 列表。最终调用 _addReplyToBuffer 函数，将要返回的结果添加到客户端的输出缓冲区。

```c
/* Add the object 'obj' string representation to the client output buffer. */
void addReply(client *c, robj *obj) {
    if (prepareClientToWrite(c) != C_OK) return;

    if (sdsEncodedObject(obj)) {
        if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr)) != C_OK)
            _addReplyProtoToList(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr));
    } else if (obj->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_INT) {
        /* For integer encoded strings we just convert it into a string
         * using our optimized function, and attach the resulting string
         * to the output buffer. */
        char buf[32];
        size_t len = ll2string(buf,sizeof(buf),(long)obj->ptr);
        if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,buf,len) != C_OK)
            _addReplyProtoToList(c,buf,len);
    } else {
        serverPanic("Wrong obj->encoding in addReply()");
    }
}
```

![](http://yano.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/blog/20220209171946.png?x-oss-process=style/yano)

# 参考链接

- [极客时间：14 | 从代码实现看分布式锁的原子性保证](https://time.geekbang.org/column/article/411558)
- [Distributed locks with Redis](https://redis.io/topics/distlock)

# Redis 源码简洁剖析系列

- [Redis 7.0.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%207.0.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 01 - 环境配置.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2001%20-%20%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 02 - SDS 字符串.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2002%20-%20SDS%20%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 03 - Dict Hash 基础.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2003%20-%20Dict%20Hash%20%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 04 - Sorted Set 有序集合.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2004%20-%20Sorted%20Set%20%E6%9C%89%E5%BA%8F%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 05 - ziplist 压缩列表.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2005%20-%20ziplist%20%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 06 - quicklist 和 listpack.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2006%20-%20quicklist%20%E5%92%8C%20listpack.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 07 - main 函数启动.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2007%20-%20main%20%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 08 - epoll.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2008%20-%20epoll.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 09 - Reactor 模型.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2009%20-%20Reactor%20%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 10 - aeEventLoop 及事件.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2010%20-%20aeEventLoop%20%E5%8F%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 11 - 主 IO 线程及 Redis 6.0 多 IO 线程.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2011%20-%20%E4%B8%BB%20IO%20%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%8A%20Redis%206.0%20%E5%A4%9A%20IO%20%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 12 - 一条命令的处理过程.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2012%20-%20%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%A1%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 13 - RDB 文件.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2013%20-%20RDB%20%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 14 - Redis 持久化.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2014%20-%20Redis%20%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 15 - AOF.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2015%20-%20AOF.md)
- [Redis 源码简洁剖析 16 - 客户端.md](https://github.com/LjyYano/Thinking_in_Java_MindMapping/tree/master/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97/Redis%20%E6%BA%90%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%80%E6%B4%81%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%2016%20-%20%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF.md)
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