Gold Standard Vocabulary
type: Ontology
imports: aiaontology
description: This vocabulary integrates common glossary terms related to Gold Standard-compliant climate action projects with the aia ontology for (general) anthropogenic impact accounting. You can find more about the aia-o here.
source: https://globalgoals.goldstandard.org/faqs-glossary/#
comment: Terms and their definitions are drawn directly from the GS glossary at this source unless indicated otherwise. Definitions from this glossary are indicated by skos:definition; from other sources by rdfs:comment

Gt
type: Datatype
comment: Giga-Tonne

MWel
type: Datatype
comment: Mega-Watt Electrical

MWh
type: Datatype
comment: Mega-Watt per hour

MWth
type: Datatype
comment: Mega-Watt Thermal

kW
type: Datatype
comment: Kilo-Watt

equivalentTo
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Used to indicate aggregated or equivalent units of measurement.

isCompotent
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Agent
range: boolean
comment: FIX: possibly use reification to make a statement (a Claim) about this statement

Auditor
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: isCompotent
  all values from: boolean
subclass of: Role
comment: FIX condition so that the value for isCompotent can be only TRUE
comment: Person who carries out the audit

AffectedStakeholder
type: Class
subclass of: RelevantStakeholders
definition: Any stakeholder affected physically, socially or economically by the implementation of the Project. Note that affected stakeholders may be outside the Project Area and in some cases be a distance beyond the Project Boundary.

AnnualReport
type: Class
subclass of: Report
comment: An annual update submitted by the Project Developer. Report covers updates and actions taken on the Project during a given year.
comment: FIX: depending on updates to aia, this may need to be a subclass of Claim instead

Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: TODO: correct taxonomy for activity > verify > audit
definition: The combined process of audit, review and decision on a conformity within the requirements of a standard (part of Validation or Verification e.g. a Validation Assessment).

Assurance
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: Demonstrable evidence that specified requirements related to an activity are fulfilled.
related: Proof

AuditTeam
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
definition: One or more auditors conducting an assessment. An audit team may consist of only one person; in such cases, the person is expected to have all team competences and team leader competences.

BaselineScenario
type: Class
subclass of: State
comment: The Baseline Scenario is defined as the reasonable, conservative scenario that would exist in the absence of the project. While setting the Baseline Scenario the Project Developer shall take into account the relevant applicable legislation and how effectively these are enforced.

CDM Programme Activity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
alternative label: CPA
definition: A CDM project activity under a programme of activities. A CPA is a single, or a set of interrelated measure(s), to reduce GHG emissions or result in net anthropogenic greenhouse gas removals by sinks, applied within a designated area defined in the baseline methodology.

Certification
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: TODO: certification is the control we use for fulfillsRequirement
comment: The written assurance confirmation/communication that fulfilment of specified requirements has been demonstrated (Adapted from ISO 17000).

CertifiedEmissionsReduction
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: A carbon credit is a specific aia:Claim, namely, the claim to be responsible for the environmental benefit equal to one carbon credit.
comment: Certified Emissions Reduction: a carbon credit, issued by another third party standard (typically UNFCCC CDM) for use in the compliance carbon markets. A Gold Standard labelled CER is known as a GS-CER.
alternative label: CER
alternative label: GS-CER

Clean Development Mechanism
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Standard for the issues of Certified Emission Reductions, operated by the UNFCCC.
alternative label: CDM

Community Service Activity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: A Project type that entails provision of services to a community. The Requirements for CSA are included in the Gold Standard Community Services Activity Requirements.

Complaints
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: Formal (written) and/or informal (verbal) expressions of dissatisfaction regarding the performance of an assurance provider in relation to its Gold Standard function(s), from any source, such as the client, the general public or its representatives, government bodies, NGOs, etc.

Conformity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
disjoint with: NonConformity
definition: Conformity is defined as the fulfillment of a requirement.

ConformityCriteria
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: A checklist and associated guidance for GS-VVBs for the Validation or Verification against Gold Standard for the Global Goals.

Coordinating and Managing Entity
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: FIX: isCMEOf & hasCME
see also: Entity that communicates with the Gold Standard on all matters related to a Programme of Activities and associated activities, as nominated in the cover letters to be submitted for each one of the activities.

Corrective Action Request
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: With a CAR, the GS-VVB (Validation and Verification Body) or The Gold Standard requests appropriate action be taken to show conformity with a requirement. In order to achieve a successful certification, all CARs shall be formally closed.
alternative label: CAR

CustomaryRights
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Customary rights are those that result from a long series of habitual or customary actions, constantly repeated, which have, by such repetition and by uninterrupted acquiescence, acquired the force of a law within a geographical or sociological unit.

DesignCertification
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: Project Design Certification is a key milestone in the Project Cycle. It marks the point a Project has undertaken Validation, a Validation and Verification Body has submitted a positive opinion and the Gold Standard Project Design Review is complete. Only Certified Project Design status Projects may proceed to Verification/Performance Certification (see also Retro-active Registration/merging Project Design Certification and Performance Certification).

Designated National Authority
type: Class
subclass of: LegalPerson
alternative label: DNA
definition: A designated national authority (DNA) is the organization granted responsibility by a Party to authorise and approve participation in CDM projects.

Designated Operational Entity
type: Class
subclass of: (Gold Standard) Validation and Verification Body
comment: A type of VVB that is eligible to apply for GS-VVB status. DOE is the term used by the UNFCCC for VVBs that are accredited to Validate and Verify CDM Projects.

Disputes
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: Disagreement between an assurance provider and the client regarding the assurance provider’s recommendation and/or opinions/decisions made at various stages during the audit.

EligibilityCheck
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: The activity of checking project eligibility within the Principles & Requirements and the relevant Project Activity Requirements

EligibilityPrinciples
type: Class
subclass of: Objective
comment: The overarching rationale and purpose for the Requirements as related to achieving the Gold Standard Vision and Mission.

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
type: Class
subclass of: Control
alternative label: ESIA

ExpertStakeholder
type: Class
subclass of: RelevantStakeholders
comment: TODO: add constraint - an expert stakeholder should have 10+ years of experience etc. per the definition above
definition: Expert Stakeholders are individuals that hold specific expertise or knowledge about the organization, process, or activity being audited and/or about the context and practices to which the project is applied. For the purposes of this Standard a Stakeholder is considered an expert if they hold over 10 years of relevant, contextually specific professional, academic or practical experience in a given topic. Higher academic qualifications are preferred but can be justified as not required if necessary.

Forward Action Request
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: Forward Action Request: A Validation & Verification Body (VVB) or The Gold Standard Secretariat requests appropriate action be taken in the project to become fully compliant with a requirement. FARs are not raised for issues that are linked to the eligibility of a project under the WBC scheme, such as a financial needs assessment. A FAR will be issued where the impact of the infraction is: not material within the current certification, AND unusual or non-systematic, AND correctable in a specific timeframe of less than 1 year. FARs can be closed by The Gold Standard Secretariat or a GS-VVB.
alternative label: FAR

Genetically Modified Organism
type: Class
comment: (Source: FSC) An organism in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. See ‘FSC Interpretation on GMO – FSC-POL-30-602’

Gold Standard Approved Methodology
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: The specific Activity/Outcome requirements and procedures used to calculate, monitor and report on a given Outcome that may lead to the issuance of Gold Standard Certified SDG Impact Statements or Products.
related: approvedMethodology

Gold Standard Approved Sustainable Development Goal Tool
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: An approved Tool that can be used to demonstrate one or more positive SDG Impacts. They cannot be used for the Issuance of GS Certified SDG Impact Statements or Products.
related: MethodologicalTool

GlobalProtocolForCommunities
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
alternative label: GPC

GoldStandardAccreditationApproval
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: Formal recognition of a Validation and Verification Body's institutional capacity and competence to be eligible to carry out the GS audit in accordance with the standard requirements.

GoldStandardCertifiedProject
type: Class
subclass of: Project
definition: A Project that has successfully completed Design Certification and completed at least one Performance Certification successfully.

GoldStandardCertifiedSDGImpacts
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: Gold Standard Certified SDG Impacts are achieved by following GS-Approved Methodologies and successfully undergoing Performance Certification. They may be in the form of Gold Standard Certified Products or SDG Impact Statements, issued upon successful completion of Performance Certification.

GoldStandardNGOSupporters
type: Class
subclass of: LegalPerson
definition: Gold Standard was founded by a group of NGOs and continues to represent the interests of civil society in all our work. NGO Supporters can take an active role in the project development process, providing constructive feedback and offering their expertise. This lends further credibility to our local sustainable development initiatives. Every NGO that supports Gold Standard helps strengthen the collective statement that carbon markets should foster transparency, environmental rigor and sustainable development.

GoldStandardVerifiedEmissionsReduction
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: A Gold Standard issued Verified Emissions Reduction: a single unit (one tonne) of CO2 equivalent reduction captured as a carbon credit for use as a commodity within the voluntary carbon market.
alternative label: GS-VER

Gold Standard Certified Products
type: Class
subclass of: GoldStandardCertifiedSDGImpacts
comment: Products are a type of Gold Standard Certified SDG Impact that are issued by Gold Standard upon the successful Performance Certification under a given GS Approved Methodology and Product Requirements. Examples include GS VERs and CER Labels.

Gold Standard Certified SDG Impact Statement
type: Class
subclass of: GoldStandardCertifiedSDGImpacts
comment: A Certified Statement issued by Gold Standard upon the successful certification under a given GS Approved Methodology. These may come in a number of forms. Gold Standard recognises that typically the monitoring parameters included in GS-Approved Methodologies relate to Outcomes rather than Impacts. The use of the term Impact Statement reflects that these Outcomes may be used as a way of communicating the progress towards the impact sought and is typical of impact investment approaches.
comment: A aia:Claim regarding an aia:Agent aia:ImpactClaim, i.e. a verification claim

Gold Standard Label
type: Class
subclass of: Gold Standard Certified Products
comment: A Gold Standard Label is a type of Product that is Issued to a Project Developer but relates to the application of Gold Standard certification to a product issued by a third party. For example the application of Gold Standard Label to CERs.

GovernanceAndManagementSystem
type: Class
subclass of: Control
subclass of: Procedure
comment: Governance and Management System
comment: System of governance and management applied by a project (see Gold Standard for Sustainable Urban Development).
alternative label: GMS

Greenhouse Gas
type: Class
subclass of: Resource
comment: A gas that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
alternative label: GHG

HighConservationValue
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
type: NamedIndividual
type: Parameter
comment: A biological, ecological, social or cultural value of outstanding significance or critical importance.
alternative label: HCV

InterestedStakeholder
type: Class
subclass of: RelevantStakeholders
definition: Any stakeholder who is interested (i.e. has expressed an interest) in the Project or its outcomes. They do not to be local or affected.

Issuance
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: The issue by Gold Standard of a Gold Standard Certified Impact Statement or Product (such as a Gold Standard Verified Emissions Reduction (GS VER)). These are issued by Gold Standard following the successful completion of Performance Certification.

JustificationInformation
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: Along with an Output Indicator the information that must be provided to support the SDG Contributions claimed by a project. The information must credibly demonstrate how the Output Indicator can be used to show a positive influence on one or more SDG Indicators.
related: Proof

Key Project Information
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: A template that captures high level project details in the early stages of development. The Key Project Information is used to support Eligibility Check.
alternative label: KPI

Knowledge
type: Class
subclass of: Resource
comment: The theoretical and/or practical understanding of a subject.

Landlocked Least Developed Country
type: Class
subclass of: Least Developed Country
alternative label: LLDC

Least Developed Country
type: Class
subclass of: Location
comment: The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) is a list of the countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world.
alternative label: LDC

Listed
type: Class
subclass of: State
comment: Listed is a Certification status that an activity may achieve through successful completion of the Preliminary Review.
comment: TODO: should be a datatype & option for a datatype property, e.g. hasStatus?

LocalStakeholder
type: Class
subclass of: RelevantStakeholders
definition: Stakeholders that reside or work within or in close proximity to the Project Area.

Low Emission Development Strategies
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
alternative label: LEDs

Millenium Development Goals
type: Class
subclass of: Objective
comment: The eight International Development goals adopted by the United Nations, 2000. The Millennium Development Goals conclude as of 2015 and are replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals.
alternative label: MDGs

MonitoringActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: The activity of monitoring a Project according its approved Monitoring Plan with the goal of quantifying the impact of a Project Activity

MonitoringAndReportingPlan
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: An initial plan and subsequent ongoing monitoring that is based on the systematic collection of data on specified indicators to provide indications of the extent to which outcomes are being achieved.

MonitoringPeriod
type: Class
subclass of: Period
comment: The period of time for which a Monitoring Report covers and for which Verification and ultimately Certification is sought.

MonitoringReport
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: A report submitted by the Project Developer in support of Verification. The Monitoring Report includes reports against the parameters set in the Monitoring Plan plus any re-assessment, change or stakeholder feedback received during the Monitoring Period.

Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: System of collecting information, reporting and verifying that underpins Gold Standard for the Global Goals Principle 4 (Demonstration of Real Outcomes)
alternative label: MRV

National Appropriate Mitigation Action
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: NAMAs refer to any action that reduces emissions in developing countries and is prepared under the umbrella of a national governmental initiative. They can be policies directed at transformational change within an economic sector, or actions across sectors for a broader national focus. NAMAs are supported and enabled by technology, financing, and capacity-building and are aimed at achieving a reduction in emissions relative to ‘business as usual’ emissions in 2020.
alternative label: NAMA

Nationally Determined Contribution
type: Class
subclass of: Control
comment: According to Article 4 paragraph 2 of the Paris Agreement, each Party shall prepare, communicate and maintain successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that it intends to achieve. Parties shall pursue domestic mitigation measures, with the aim of achieving the objectives of such contributions.
alternative label: NDC

NonConformity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: Non-conformity is a nonfulfillment, lapse in fulfilment or failure to meet a Requirement.

Observation
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: With an OBS, the Verification and Validation Body or The Gold Standard Secretariat provides an observation on possible future non-compliance with a requirement. Unlike Corrective Action Requests and Forward Action Requests, observations are suggestions or warnings and do not need necessarily to be formally corrected. They are given special attention during the next certification.
alternative label: OBS

OngoingFinancialNeed
type: Class
subclass of: Procedure
comment: Tool to demonstrate the ongoing need for financial support resulting from Gold Standard Certification and Issued Claims and Products. The approach is applied at 5 year Registration Renewal.
alternative label: Ongoing Financial Need

OnlinePlatform
type: Class
subclass of: Resource
comment: Gold Standard aspires to build an online user interface to support the use of GS4GG. The written version of the standard will underpin the online platform. During development and road-testing it is likely that an offline version will be used with the online platform commencing later.

OutputIndicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
comment: An indicator selected by the Project Developer, representing the tangible result of the Project. The indicator, along with the Justification Information and Quality Indicator and any Expert Stakeholder opinion is used to demonstrate SDG Contribution.

PerformanceReview
type: Class
subclass of: Audit(n)
comment: A review conducted by Gold Standard, Technical Advisory Committe (TAC) and NGO Supporters on the Monitoring Report and Verification Opinion. The result of the Review may lead to Certification, Corrective Action Requests/Forward Action Requests/Observations being raised, or rejection.

Planned Emissions Reduction
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: A Planned Emission Reduction represents the expected (i.e., future) sequestration of 1 tonne of CO2e but does not represent an actual sequestration and accordingly shall not be used for carbon neutral claims until its conversion to a Verified Emission Reduction takes place.
alternative label: PER

PreliminaryReview
type: Class
subclass of: Audit(n)
comment: Review conducted once at the outset (i.e. at an early stage of project design and before Listing on the GS Registry) of a Project. Part of the Activity Cycle where Gold Standard assesses the Project Information in order to check whether an activity and approach is likely to be eligible for Gold Standard Certification. This procedure, if successful leads to Listed status. The requirements for the Project Design Documentation to be submitted at this stage are detailed in the latest version of GS4GG Principles & Requirements

PreventativeAction
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: Action to prevent the occurrence of non-conformity(ies) or improve the effectiveness of its function.

ProductRequirements
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: The rules and requirements applicable to a particular Gold Standard Product, for example Verified Emissions Reductions.

Program of Activities
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: FIX: characteristic: must have sub-activities; i.e. <program> containsCPA <project activity>+ inverse isActivityOf
alternative label: PoA
definition: A programme is a linked series of Projects submitted to Gold Standard. A set of related activities with a common objective submitted to Gold Standard.

Project
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: The activity or action being implemented for which Gold Standard Certification is sought.

ProjectActivity
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: An activity implemented additional to the Baseline Scenario (i.e. that would not have happened anyway) and with the express goal of achieving those results for which certification is sought.

ProjectArea
type: Class
subclass of: Location
comment: The Project Area is the physical spatial area or areas submitted for certification. It contains the area required to successfully manage the explicit objectives of the Project.

ProjectBoundary
type: Class
subclass of: Location
comment: The clearly defined physical boundary or edges of the project that delineate the Project Area from non-Project Areas.
related: ProjectBoundary

ProjectCertificationRenewal
type: Class
subclass of: Process
comment: Project Certification Renewal is the process of re-certifying with Gold Standard every 5 years. This process follows the Project Design Certification process but specifically focuses on any changes to the Project Design Documentation and an updated Baseline Scenario and a demonstration of Ongoing Financial Need. Certain project types have adjusted renewal requirements, for example automatic renewal for a number of cycles or reduced/enhanced demonstration requirements. These are captured in the specific Activity Requirements.

Project Design Document
type: Class
subclass of: ProjectDocumentation
comment: Document that includes all information concerning project design and how it conforms to the Gold Standard Requirements.
alternative label: PDD

ProjectDeveloper
type: Class
subclass of: Role
comment: FIX: are these Roles or subclasses of Agent
comment: The person or entity that holds or is applying for certification and therefore responsible for demonstrating compliance with the requirements upon which Gold Standard certification is based. The Project Developer shall be one individual or entity only. The developer and/or manager of the project.

ProjectDocumentation
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
comment: Umbrella term for all project design and monitoring documentation that demonstrates in detail how the Requirements are met. This can include Gold Standard Templates such as Project Design Documents and Monitoring Reports as well as Supporting Documents such as charts, maps or spreadsheets.
related: Proof

ProjectParticipant
type: Class
subclass of: Role
comment: A Project Participant is an individual or entity that is contributing to the generation of the certified impacts. Any party or individual who is working closely with the Client to carry out the activities or who has provided written approval for a project. Activity participants shall be collectively represented by the Client or his Representative.

ProjectRepresentative
type: Class
subclass of: Role
comment: Refers to the person or entity that will serve as the focal point for the project. This representative will have sole or joint authority to communicate with the Gold Standard Secretariat regarding all matters related to a project’s certification, alteration or expansion. The project representative can be more than one individual or entity.

ProjectScenario
type: Class
subclass of: State
comment: The Project Scenario is defined as the scenario that will exist once the Project is implemented and operational.

QualityIndicator
type: Class
subclass of: Indicator
comment: Information that is submitted with the Output Indicator and Justification Information that together can be used to demonstrate an SDG Contribution. The Quality Indicator is specifically used in to build upon the Output Indicator which quantifies the results by adding information on the quality of the result.

RelevantStakeholders
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: TODO: generic property like fulfillsRoleRequirement Can refine later if needed, e.g. elaborate on what requirements there are to fulfill the requirement to be an stakeholder etc.
definition: The collective term for local, affected, interested and expert stakeholders.

RenewableEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
comment: The generation of energy from clean, sustainable, renewable processes.
alternative label: RE

Renewable Energy Certificate
type: Class
subclass of: Claim
subclass of: Certification
comment: Renewable Energy Certificates are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource (renewable electricity) and was fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Renewable Energy Certificates provide a mechanism for the purchase of renewable energy that is added to and pulled from the electrical grid.
alternative label: REC

Requirements
type: Class
comment: Elements (rules, procedures, guidelines) that the activity must conform to in order to proceed through Validation/Verification and ultimately Certification.

Risk
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: Actions taken to lessen the probability or negative consequences, or both, associated with a risk.

SDGImpact
type: Class
subclass of: Output
comment: A direct, positive contribution to a Sustainable Development Goal generated by a Project.

Scale
type: Class
comment: The Scale of a project may refer to a variety of definitions for example areal extent, size of impact or units provided. Scale is not limited in Gold Standard for the Global Goals but is dealt with in the Activity Requirements, Methodologies and Product Requirements where specific definitions and requirements are included.

Shapefile
type: Class
comment: A shapefile is a digital vector (non-topological) storage format for storing geometric location and associated attribute information. A shapefile can consist of points, lines or polygons.
related: Location

Stakeholder Consultation
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
definition: The process and requirements associated with carrying out stakeholder consultation as part of Principle 3, Stakeholder Inclusivity.

Stakeholder Feedback Round
type: Class
subclass of: Control(n)
comment: An opportunity for Relevant Stakeholders to provide feedback about a project as part of the process towards fulfilling Principle 3 – Stakeholder Inclusivity.
comment: Losweg: die geleentheid om StakeholderConsultation uit te voer

(Gold Standard) Validation and Verification Body
type: Class
subclass of: LegalPerson
alternative label: VVB
definition: A Gold Standard approved audit organisation appointed by and on behalf of the Project Developer to carry out an audit and assessment in order to provide a Validation or Verification Report to Gold Standard in order to ultimately support Certification or rejection.

AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: American National Standards Institute
alternative label: ANSI

AvertedDisabilityAdjustedLifeYear
type: NamedIndividual
type: Parameter
comment: A measure of mortality and morbidity used to demonstrate project impact on SDG 3. The quantification and certification of ADALYs is undertaken via the use of a GS-Methodology.
alternative label: ADALY

CDMExecutiveBoard
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism.

GoldStandardFoundation
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: The owner and operator of Gold Standard for the Global Goals. Gold Standard is a Swiss-based non-profit whose Vision focuses on Climate Security and Sustainable Development for all.

GoldStandardTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: The Gold Standard Technical Advisory Committee (GS TAC) is responsible for ensuring the rigor and integrity in all our work, proven existing programs and innovative new initiatives. The TAC is an independent body composed of market specialists that provide expertise, guidance and decisions.

International Standards Organisation
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
alternative label: ISO

InternationalUnionForTheConservationOfNature
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: International Union for the Conservation of Nature
alternative label: IUCN

NationalDevelopmentStrategy
type: NamedIndividual
type: Procedure
comment: National Development Strategy
alternative label: NDS

ParisAgreement
type: NamedIndividual
type: Control
comment: The Paris Agreement, or Paris climate accord and Paris climate agreement, is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020.

RoundtableForSustainablePalmOil
type: NamedIndividual
type: LegalPerson
comment: Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil
alternative label: RSPO