@TechReport{Adegoke:2020:PntCyberResilience,
    author = "Adegoke, Elijah and Bradbury, Matthew and Kampert, Erik and Higgins, Matthew and Watson, Tim and Jennings, Paul and Ford, Colin and Buesnel, Guy and Hickling, Steve",
    institution = "{University of Warwick}",
    title = "{PNT Cyber Resilience: a Lab2Live Observer Based Approach, Report 1: GNSS Resilience and Identified Vulnerabilities}",
    year = "2020",
    address = "Coventry, UK",
    month = "April",
    note = "{Version 1.0}",
    number = "1",
    type = "{Technical Report}",
    abstract = "The use of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as GPS and Galileo are vital sources of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) information for vehicles. This information is of critical importance for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) due to their dependence on this information for localisation, route planning and situational awareness. A downside to solely relying on GNSS for PNT is that the signal strength arriving from navigation satellites in space is weak and currently there is no authentication included in the civilian GNSS adopted in the automotive industry. This means that cyber-attacks against the GNSS signal via jamming or spoofing are attractive to adversaries due to the potentially high impact they can achieve. This report reviews the vulnerabilities of GNSS services for CAVs (a summary is shown in Figure 1), as well as detection and mitigating techniques, summarises the opinions on PNT cyber testing sourced from a select group of experts, and finishes with a description of the associated lab-based and real-world feasibility study and proposed research methodology.",
    file = ":PNTReport1.pdf:PDF",
    url = "http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/139519/"
}