PRIMA Ontology - Core Module
type: Ontology
contributor: Elda Osmenaj
contributor: Mirco Panighel
created: 2024-01-26
creator: Ahmad Zainul Ihsan
creator: Mehrdad Jalali
creator: Rossella Aversa
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
preferred namespace prefix: PRIMA
comment: This is the core module of the Provenance Information for Materials Science (PRIMA) Ontology
version info: 2.0

Contact Person
type: Class
comment: Person with knowledge of how to access, troubleshoot, or otherwise field issues related to the resource.
subclass of: AgentRole

Data Collector
type: Class
comment: Person/institution responsible for finding or gathering/collecting data under the guidelines of the author(s) or Principal Investigator (PI).
subclass of: AgentRole

Instrument
type: Class
comment: Physical or virtual identifiable piece of Equipment used to perform a Data Acquisition and to generate Raw Data. The Instrument is located in a (physical or virtual) Laboratory hosted by an Institution and can be physically, virtually, and/or remotely accessed. A virtual Instrument may be any computational resource or HPC infrastructure (cloud infrastructure or supercomputer) needed to perform Calculations or Simulations.
subclass of: Equipment

Material
type: Class
comment: Broad term used to define a physical System, typically a substance or mixture of substances, in different states of matter or phases, of which something is composed or can be made. According to this definition, a Sample is constituted by at least one Material. Material(s) may undergo some kind of Processing and Treatment and/or Measurement.
subclass of: System

Project Leader
type: Class
comment: Person officially designated as head of project team or sub- project team instrumental in the work necessary to development of the resource.
subclass of: Project Member

Project Manager
type: Class
comment: Person officially designated as manager of a project. Project may consist of one or many project teams and sub-teams.
subclass of: Project Member

Related Person
type: Class
comment: A person without a specifically defined role in the development of the resource, but who is someone the author wishes to recognize.
subclass of: AgentRole

Researcher
type: Class
comment: A person involved in analysing data or the results of an experiment or formal study. May indicate an intern or assistant to one of the authors who helped with research but who was not so “key” as to be listed as an author.
subclass of: AgentRole

Supervisor
type: Class
comment: Designated administrator over one or more groups/teams working to produce a resource, or over one or more steps of a development process.
subclass of: AgentRole

Work Package Leader
type: Class
comment: Person responsible for ensuring the comprehensive contents, versioning, and availability of the Work Package during the development of the resource.
subclass of: AgentRole

has study
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasStudy represents the relationship between project to study.
domain: Project
range: Study

User Role
type: Class
comment: The role of the Research User in a Project, in the context of a specific Study. Examples of User Role are: data curator, project leader, project member. User Role also determines the access rights which might be granted in the information system(s) used for data management (i.e., Data Collaboration Platform, Data Repository, Metadata Repository).

has data acquisition
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasDataAcquisition represents the relationship between study to data acquisition
range: DataAcquisition

has data analysis
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasDataAnalysis represents the relationship between study to data analysis
domain: Study
range: DataAnalysis

has scientific publication
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasScientificPublication represents the relationship between study to scientific publication
domain: Study
range: Scientific Publication

is member of project
type: ObjectProperty
comment: isMemberOfProject is the inverse of hasProjectMember, representing the relationship from research user to project
inverse of: has project member

operates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: operates represents the relationship between equipment to research user
domain: ResearchUser
range: Equipment

uses equipment
type: ObjectProperty
comment: usesEquipment represents the relationship between data acquisition to equipment
range: Equipment

Project
type: Class
comment: Enterprise (potentially individual but typically collaborative) of one or more Research Users, planned to perform one or more Studies.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has project member
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Entity

Project Member
type: Class
comment: Person on the membership list of a designated project/project team.
subclass of: AgentRole

Scientific Publication
type: Class
comment: Any of the following contributions, peer-reviewed or not: article in a scientific journal (and related supporting information), monograph, book or book chapter, conference proceedings, “grey literature” (informally published material having not gone through a standard publishing process, e.g., reports and highlights). A Scientific Publication typically reports the results and the conclusions of a Study, may be supplemented by Publication Data, and may be assigned a Persistent Identifier. A Scientific Publication may be attributed to some or to all the Research Users who are members of the Project.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Entity

System
type: Class
comment: Physical or digital entity or set of entities with distinctive properties (structural, chemical, dimensional, functional, or others) which is the subject of one or more actions or investigations. According to this definition, Sample, Material, and Model are particular types of System.
subclass of: Entity

has project member
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasProjectMember represents the relationship between project and its member, which is research user.
inverse of: is member of project

has setting
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasSetting represents the relationship between equipment or research software or acquisition software to settings
domain: Class
  union of: Equipment
  union of: ResearchSoftware
  union of: AcquisitionSoftware
range: Settings

has technique
type: ObjectProperty
comment: hasTechnique represents the relationship between data acquisition or data analysis to technique
domain: Class
  union of: DataAcquisition
  union of: DataAnalysis
range: Technique

performs agent role
type: ObjectProperty
comment: performsAgentRole relates prov:Agent with AgentRole
domain: Agent
range: AgentRole

uses research software
type: ObjectProperty
comment: usesResearchSoftware represents the relationship between data acquisition, data analysis, data processing, or data curation to research software
domain: Class
  union of: DataAcquisition
  union of: DataAnalysis
  union of: DataProcessing
  union of: DataCuration
range: ResearchSoftware

Settings
type: Class
comment: Any set of configuration parameters which determine the operational conditions of Equipment (including Instrument), configure Acquisition Software and/or Research Software, and/or describe a Model (e.g., by specifying the type of solver user).
subclass of: Specification

Study
type: Class
comment: Set of all the processes and activities performed by one or more Research Users, who are part of the same Project, with the purpose of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis and supporting the answer to some scientific research question. The output of a Study is usually reported in one or more Scientific Publications and may be supplemented by Publication Data.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: Project
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has scientific publication
  some values from: Scientific Publication
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has data acquisition
  some values from: DataAcquisition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has data analysis
  some values from: DataAnalysis
subclass of: Process

Technique
type: Class
comment: Any experimental, theoretical, or computational method with a specific aim, including but not limited to: process and/or treat Samples, prepare Models, acquire and/or analyze Research Data, using some Equipment.
subclass of: Specification

DataAcquisition
type: Class
comment: Set of actions carried out by one or more Research Users, performed on a System or a set of them to generate a single self-consistent unit of Raw Data using a Technique, an Instrument and possibly other Equipment under constant or varying conditions described by Settings, depending on the particular research context. Data Acquisition may be an experimental (Measurement) or a computational (Calculation, Simulation) process. Data Acquisition is specific to a Technique: an investigation on the same System conducted using a different Technique implies a different Data Acquisition. The output of Data Acquisition is Raw Data.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: System
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses equipment
  some values from: Equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has technique
  some values from: Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses research software
  some values from: ResearchSoftware
subclass of: Process

DataAnalysis
type: Class
comment: Set of actions performed by one or more Research Users, possibly using a Technique and Research Software, on Research Data, typically Processed Data, to extract insights that support the answer to some scientific research question. Data Analysis may include: linear combination fitting, least-squares curve fitting, data modelling, pattern extraction and/or segmentation, data visualization. The output of Data Analysis is Analyzed Data.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has technique
  some values from: Technique
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: input
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output
  some values from: ResearchData
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses research software
  some values from: ResearchSoftware
subclass of: Process

ResearchData
type: Class
comment: Data collected, created, or examined by one or more Research Users to be analyzed or considered as a basis for reasoning, discussion or calculation in a research context, with the purpose of generating, verifying, and/or validating original scientific claims that support the answer to some specific research question. According to this definition, Raw Data, Processed Data, Analyzed Data and Reference Data are particular types of Research Data. Research Data is typically in the form of one or more data files, but it may potentially be a data stream or any other form of data which is relevant in a particular data management context. Research Data may be described by Metadata and may be stored in a Data Collaboration Platform and/or in a Data Repository. Research Data may undergo some kind of Data Curation and be aggregated into a Dataset.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: ResearchUser
subclass of: DigitalEntity

ResearchSoftware
type: Class
comment: Any software used to process, analyze, or visualize Research Data (including data rendering and or plotting).
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has setting
  some values from: Settings
subclass of: SoftwareAgent

Equipment
type: Class
comment: Any kind of physical or virtual item, device, machine or other tool located in a Laboratory hosted by an Institution, which can be physically, virtually, and/or remotely accessed to perform any of the processes during the course of a Study, by applying a Technique. Equipment is usually an investment. According to this definition, an Instrument is a particular type of Equipment.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has setting
  some values from: Settings
subclass of: Agent

ResearchUser
type: Class
comment: Person, usually member of a Project, who conducts any part of the Study to collect and/or to analyze Research Data, and/or reuses Reference Data to extract insights that support the answer to some specific research question, usually reported in one or more Scientific Publications. A Research User may be assigned with a User Role.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: performs agent role
  some values from: AgentRole
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: operates
  some values from: Equipment
subclass of: Agent

AgentRole
type: Class
comment: A functional role that an Agent can perform within a research context. Roles define the responsibilities and capabilities of agents in conducting research activities.
equivalent class: User Role