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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap1_balanceEquations_Chap.html">1. Balance equations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap2_thermMachinesBasics_Chap.html">2. Thermal machines: Basics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_CompExpGas_Chap.html">3. Compression / Expansion of Gas and vapors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_ThermalEngines_Chap.html">4. Heat engines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">5. Heat pumps and refrigerators</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_1GasGenerator.html">5.1. Gas heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_2VaporCompMachines.html">5.2. Vapor compression machines</a></li>
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<h1><span class="section-number">5. </span>Heat pumps and refrigerators<a class="headerlink" href="#heat-pumps-and-refrigerators" title="Permalink to this headline">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<p><strong>Heat pumps</strong> and <strong>refrigerators</strong> are <em>thermal energy converters</em>: they use mechanical energy to move thermal energy from a cold source to a hot sink.</p>
<p>The <em>Carnot heat generator</em> (seen in section <a class="reference internal" href="chap2_2Cycles.html#sec-chap2-carnotheatgen"><span class="std std-ref">Carnot heat pump/refrigerators</span></a>) presents the maximum thermal efficiency but <em>Real heat generators</em> are generally not exchanging thermal energy using isothermal transformations.</p>
<p>This chapter treats:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Gas heat pump and refrigeration cycle (reverse Brayton cycle)</p></li>
<li><p>Vapor compression heat pumps and refrigerators</p></li>
</ol>
</div></blockquote>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_1GasGenerator.html">5.1. Gas heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_2VaporCompMachines.html">5.2. Vapor compression machines</a></li>
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