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<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Contents:</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap1_balanceEquations_Chap.html">1. Balance equations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap2_thermMachinesBasics_Chap.html">2. Thermal machines: Basics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_CompExpGas_Chap.html">3. Compression / Expansion of Gas and vapors</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_ThermalEngines_Chap.html">4. Heat engines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_ThermalGenerators_Chap.html">5. Heat pumps and refrigerators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="zBibliography.html">6. References</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="thermal-machines">
<h1>Thermal machines<a class="headerlink" href="#thermal-machines" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>A <strong>thermal machine</strong> is a device that permits energy conversion. It consists generally in a set of components such as compressors, turbines, combustion chambers, pumps, heat exchangers, valves, etc. Components of a thermal machine may be crossed by a working fluid (gas or liquid) and then represent open subsystems that can exchange heat and work.</p>
<p>A thermal machine may be:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>A heat engine: it converts thermal energy to produce a mechanical work.</p></li>
<li><p>A refrigerator or a heat pump: it uses a mechanical work to transfer thermal energy from a source to a sink.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>This course presents the basics requisities for an engineer to understand, study and developp <em>thermal machines</em>. It is dedicated to engineer student with a background in thermodynamics for closed systems and basics of fluid mechanics.</p>
<p>The course contains 5 chapters:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p>The first section is a recall of thermodynamics and introduction to fluid mechanics courses. Balance equations are recalled and applied to a control volume representing a component of a thermal machine.</p></li>
<li><p>The second section presents the basics of energy conversion using thermal machines as well as reference thermodynamics cycles.</p></li>
<li><p>The third section is devoted to the specific notion of compression/expansion of a gas and how to optimize these thermodynamics transformations.</p></li>
<li><p>The fourth section is describing classical heat engines: internal reciprocating heat engines, gas turbines and steam turbines.</p></li>
<li><p>The fifth section is devoted to heat pumps and refrigerators.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
<p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Contents:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap1_balanceEquations_Chap.html">1. Balance equations</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap1_2BalanceForControlVolume.html">1.1. Balance equations for open systems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap1_3Applications.html">1.2. Applications</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap2_thermMachinesBasics_Chap.html">2. Thermal machines: Basics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap2_1EnergyConversion.html">2.1. Energy conversion</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap2_2Cycles.html">2.2. Cycles</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_CompExpGas_Chap.html">3. Compression / Expansion of Gas and vapors</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_1Transformations.html">3.1. Compressions/Expansions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_2Optimisation.html">3.2. Optimisation of Compression/Expansion</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap3_3Overview.html">3.3. Overview of comp/exp systems</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_ThermalEngines_Chap.html">4. Heat engines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_1RICE.html">4.1. Reciprocating internal combustion engine</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_3GasTurbines.html">4.2. Gas Turbines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_4SteamTurbines.html">4.3. Steam turbines</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap4_5Cogeneration.html">4.4. Combined cycles / Cogeneration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_ThermalGenerators_Chap.html">5. Heat pumps and refrigerators</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_1GasGenerator.html">5.1. Gas heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="chap5_2VaporCompMachines.html">5.2. Vapor compression machines</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="zBibliography.html">6. References</a></li>
</ul>
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<h1>Table of contents<a class="headerlink" href="#table-of-contents" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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