diff --git a/V_HexMetric.cpp b/V_HexMetric.cpp
index fda4771..74eecb2 100644
--- a/V_HexMetric.cpp
+++ b/V_HexMetric.cpp
@@ -2974,10 +2974,10 @@ double hex_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   double weight[maxTotalNumberGaussPoints];
 
   // create an object of GaussIntegration
-  GaussIntegration gint{};
-  gint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dimension);
-  gint.calculate_shape_function_3d_hex();
-  gint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], dndy3[0], weight);
+  GaussIntegration gaussint;
+  gaussint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dimension);
+  gaussint.calculate_shape_function_3d_hex();
+  gaussint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], dndy3[0], weight);
 
   VerdictVector xxi, xet, xze, xin;
 
@@ -3014,7 +3014,7 @@ double hex_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   double dndy2_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
   double dndy3_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
 
-  gint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_3d(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node, dndy3_at_node);
+  gaussint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_3d(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node, dndy3_at_node);
   int node_id;
   for (node_id = 0; node_id < num_nodes; node_id++)
   {
diff --git a/V_QuadMetric.cpp b/V_QuadMetric.cpp
index 2486146..68af002 100644
--- a/V_QuadMetric.cpp
+++ b/V_QuadMetric.cpp
@@ -1409,10 +1409,10 @@ double quad_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
     double weight[maxTotalNumberGaussPoints];
 
     // create an object of GaussIntegration
-    GaussIntegration gint{};
-    gint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes);
-    gint.calculate_shape_function_2d_quad();
-    gint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], weight);
+    GaussIntegration gaussint;
+    gaussint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes);
+    gaussint.calculate_shape_function_2d_quad();
+    gaussint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], weight);
 
     // calculate element area
     int ife, ja;
@@ -1435,7 +1435,7 @@ double quad_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
     double dndy1_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
     double dndy2_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
 
-    gint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node);
+    gaussint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node);
 
     VerdictVector normal_at_nodes[9];
 
diff --git a/V_TetMetric.cpp b/V_TetMetric.cpp
index db3b7c3..b227006 100644
--- a/V_TetMetric.cpp
+++ b/V_TetMetric.cpp
@@ -1360,10 +1360,10 @@ double tet_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   double weight[maxTotalNumberGaussPoints];
 
   // create an object of GaussIntegration for tet
-  GaussIntegration gint{};
-  gint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dims, is_tri);
-  gint.calculate_shape_function_3d_tet();
-  gint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], dndy3[0], weight);
+  GaussIntegration gaussint;
+  gaussint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dims, is_tri);
+  gaussint.calculate_shape_function_3d_tet();
+  gaussint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], dndy3[0], weight);
 
   // vector xxi is the derivative vector of coordinates w.r.t local xi coordinate in the
   // computation space
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ double tet_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   double dndy2_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
   double dndy3_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
 
-  gint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_3d_tet(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node, dndy3_at_node);
+  gaussint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_3d_tet(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node, dndy3_at_node);
   int node_id;
   for (node_id = 0; node_id < num_nodes; node_id++)
   {
diff --git a/V_TriMetric.cpp b/V_TriMetric.cpp
index 3a2a16a..a2caba5 100644
--- a/V_TriMetric.cpp
+++ b/V_TriMetric.cpp
@@ -778,10 +778,10 @@ double tri_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   // create an object of GaussIntegration
   int number_dims = 2;
   int is_tri = 1;
-  GaussIntegration gint{};
-  gint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dims, is_tri);
-  gint.calculate_shape_function_2d_tri();
-  gint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], weight);
+  GaussIntegration gaussint;
+  gaussint.initialize(number_of_gauss_points, num_nodes, number_dims, is_tri);
+  gaussint.calculate_shape_function_2d_tri();
+  gaussint.get_shape_func(shape_function[0], dndy1[0], dndy2[0], weight);
 
   // calculate element area
   int ife, ja;
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ double tri_distortion(int num_nodes, const double coordinates[][3])
   double dndy1_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
   double dndy2_at_node[maxNumberNodes][maxNumberNodes];
 
-  gint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_2d_tri(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node);
+  gaussint.calculate_derivative_at_nodes_2d_tri(dndy1_at_node, dndy2_at_node);
 
   VerdictVector normal_at_nodes[7];