NIF 2.1 Core Ontology
type: Ontology
version info: 2.1.0
preferred namespace prefix: nif
changes: nif-core
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
license: LICENSE-2.0
comment: The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. NIF consists of specifications, ontologies and software, which are combined under the version identifier "2.1", but are versioned individually. This ontology is developed by the NLP2RDF project (http://nlp2rdf.org) and provided as part of NIF 2.1 under CC-BY license as well as Apache 2.0. The ontology contains seven core URIs (String, OffsetBasedString, Context, isString, referenceContext, beginIndex, endIndex) that provide the foundation to express NLP annotations effectively in RDF.
creator: Sebastian Hellmann
contributor: Martin Brümmer
contributor: Markus Ackermann
contributor: Navid Nourbakhsh
publisher: AKSW, University Leipzig
rights: This ontology is licensed under Apache 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) and CC-BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
description: For a more concise description about NIF, we refer the reader to the ISWC 2013 in Use paper: Integrating NLP using Linked Data by Sebastian Hellmann, Jens Lehmann, Sören Auer, and Martin Brümmer available at: http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2013/ISWC_NIF/public.pdf Also the NLP2RDF project page (http://nlp2rdf.org) provides more general documentation and pointers. The NIF 2.1 Core Ontology (http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#) provides classes and properties to describe the relations between substrings, text, documents by assigning URIs to strings. These URIs can then be used as subjects in RDF triples and therefore they can be annotated easily. The NIF 2.1 Core Specification defines how such URIs are created and used: http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/specification/core.html and it makes sense to read this document first, so you can understand the definitions in this ontology better. The main class in this ontology is nif:String, which is the class of all words over the alphabet of Unicode characters (sometimes called Σ∗). We built NIF upon the Unicode Normalization Form C, as this follows the recommendation of the RDF standard for rdf:Literal. Indices are to be counted in code units as is common in most programming language and SPARQL engines ( see 17.4.3.2 STRLEN and 17.4.3.3 SUBSTR on http://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/). Each URI Scheme (nif:URIScheme) used to address strings is a subclass of nif:String and puts further restrictions over the syntax of the URIs. Users of NIF can create their own URI schemes by subclassing nif:String and providing documentation on the Web in the rdfs:comment field. Another important subclass of nif:String is the nif:Context OWL class. This class is assigned to the whole string of the text (i.e. all characters). The purpose of an individual of this class is special, because the string of this individual is used to calculate the indices for all substrings. Therefore, all substrings have to have a re…

String
type: Class
comment: Individuals of this class are a string, i.e. Unicode characters, who have been given a URI and are used in the subject of an RDF statement. This class is abstract and should not be serialized. NIF-Stanbol (nif-stanbol.ttl): The class is similar to fise:TextAnnotation
has key: reference context
has key: begin index
has key: end index
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reference context
  some values from: Context
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reference context
  all values from: Context

Context
type: Class
comment: The string that serves as a context for its substrings. The Unicode String given in the nif:isString or the content obtained by dereferencing nif:contextStringRef property must be used to calculate the begin and endIndex for all nif:Strings that have a nif:referenceContext property to this URI. For further information, see http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2013/ISWC_NIF/public.pdf
subclass of: String
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reference context
  has self: true
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: is string
    cardinality: 1
    on data range: string
  union of: Restriction
    on property: external context reference
    cardinality: 1
    on class: Resource

external context reference
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
version info: 0.1.0
comment: Provides the reference to a location where the text for a Context can be retrieved in case it cannot be embedded via isString directly due to licence restrictions or similar reasons. This allow a pure 'stand-off' paradigm for text annotations with NIF. The content obtained by dereferencing the provided URI MUST be just the plain Unicode text data and SHOULD be in NFC as equivalent for the string literal that would be otherwise provided directly by nif:isString.
domain: Context
range: Resource

reference context
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Links a URI of a string to its reference context of type nif:Context. The reference context determines the calculation of begin and end index Each String that is not an instance of nif:Context MUST have exactly one reference context. Inferences (nif-core-inf.ttl): Instances of nif:Context do have itself as reference context, this is inferred automatically, MAY be materialized, as well. OWL validation (nif-core-val.ttl): This property is functional.
domain: String
range: Context

is string
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The reference text as rdf:Literal for this nif:Context resource. NIF requires that the reference text (i.e. the context) is always included in the RDF as an rdf:Literal. Note, that the isString property is *the* place to keep the string itself in RDF. All other nif:Strings and nif:URISchemes relate to the text of this property to calculate character position and indices.
sub property of: anchor of
domain: Context
range: string

begin index
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The begin index of a character range as defined in http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5147#section-2.2.1 and http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5147#section-2.2.2, measured as the gap between two characters, starting to count from 0 (the position before the first character of a text). Example: Index "2" is the position between "Mr" and "." in "Mr. Sandman"@en. Note: RFC 5147 is re-used for the definition of character ranges. RFC 5147 is assuming a text/plain MIME type. NIF builds upon Unicode and is content agnostic. Requirement (1): This property has the same value the "Character position" of RFC 5147 and it MUST therefore be castable to xsd:nonNegativeInteger, i.e. it MUST not have negative values. Requirement (2): The index of the subject string MUST be calculated relative to the nif:referenceContext of the subject. If available, this is the rdf:Literal of the nif:isString property.
sub property of: start
range: nonNegativeInteger
domain: String

end index
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The end index of a character range as defined in http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5147#section-2.2.1 and http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5147#section-2.2.2, measured as the gap between two characters, starting to count from 0 (the position before the first character of a text). Example: Index "2" is the position between "Mr" and "." in "Mr. Sandman". Note: RFC 5147 is re-used for the definition of character ranges. RFC 5147 is assuming a text/plain MIME type. NIF builds upon Unicode and is content agnostic. Requirement (1): This property has the same value the "Character position" of RFC 5147 and it must therefore be castable to xsd:nonNegativeInteger, i.e. it MUST not have negative values. Requirement (2): The index of the subject string MUST be calculated relative to the nif:referenceContext of the subject. If available, this is the rdf:Literal of the nif:isString property.
sub property of: end
range: nonNegativeInteger
domain: String

anchor of
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The string, which the URI is representing as an RDF Literal. Some use cases require this property, as it is necessary for certain sparql queries.
domain: String
range: string

URI Scheme
type: Class
comment: A URI Scheme for NIF, subclasses need to define guidelines on the URI Scheme as well as the text it refers to. This class is just to keep some order, and should not be serialized. This is an abstract class and should not be serialized.
subclass of: String

Consecutive String
type: Class
comment: A URI Scheme for NIF which is able to refer to a single, consecutive string in a context. Note that any scheme subclassing this class, requires the existence of beginIndex, endIndex and referenceContext . This is an abstract class and should not be serialized.
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: end index
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: begin index
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: URI Scheme

Structure
type: Class
comment: A structure is a more or less arbitrary label for a partitioning of a string. We do not follow a strict approach for what a word, phrase, sentence, title, paragraph is. These labels enable the definition processes for tool chains, e.g. tool analyses nif:Paragraph and calculates term frequency. This is an abstract class and should not be serialized.
subclass of: String

Annotation
type: Class
comment: NIF String that also either carries annotation property assertions (see nif:PropertyBasedAnnotation) or mark implicitly of a text spans themselves (see nif:TextSpanAnnotation).

PropertyAssertionAnnotation
type: Class
comment: Annotation for text spans expressed using a property assertion.
subclass of: Annotation

TextSpanAnnotation
type: Class
comment: Subclasses of nif:TextSpanAnnotations implicitly highlight text spans to mark them as a certain occurrence.
subclass of: Annotation

objectAnnotation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: see Towards Web-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2012/PeoplesWeb/public_preprint.pdf page 21 .
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation

annotation
type: ObjectProperty
deprecated: true
comment: former identifier for nif:objectAnnotation
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation

literalAnnotation
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: see Towards Web-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2012/PeoplesWeb/public_preprint.pdf page 21 .
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation

classAnnotation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: ancestor property for annotation properties that refer to OWL classes (using OWL 2 punning). see Towards Web-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction http://svn.aksw.org/papers/2012/PeoplesWeb/public_preprint.pdf page 12 .
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation

source URL
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The URL the context was extracted from, e.g. the blog or news article url. Doesn't matter whether it is HTML or XML or plain text. rdfs:range is foaf:Document. Subproperty of prov:hadPrimarySource. In case the string comes from another NIF String and gives the exact provenance, please use nif:wasConvertedFrom or a subProperty thereof.
sub property of: hadPrimarySource
domain: Context

was converted from
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property should be used, when mapping one nif:String or nif:Context to another and is often confused with nif:sourceUrl. While nif:sourceUrl is built on PROV-O and is used to link the nif:Context to the document URL for provenance information, nif:convertedFrom is more precise and pinpoints exact locations where a certain NIF String "wasConvertedFrom". nif:wasConvertedFrom is therefore used to provide *exact* provenance during a conversion process, e.g. when removing tags from XHTML and then linking XPath URIs to NIF index based URIs (e.g. RFC 5147 with char=x,y). An example of the usage of this property can be found here: http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/#conversion-to-nif Example # "Dublin" <http://example.com/myitsservice?informat=html&intype=url&input=http://example.com/doc.html&char=11,17> nif:wasConvertedFrom <http://example.com/myitsservice?informat=html&intype=url&input=http://example.com/doc.html&xpath=/html/body[1]/h2[1]/span[1]/text()[1]>.
sub property of: wasDerivedFrom
domain: String
range: String

Context Collection
type: Class
comment: A collection of contexts used to create an unordered set of context via the nif:hasContext property. This can be compared to a document collection, but here it is a collection of nif:Context and therefore a collection of annotated strings, not documents. Open Issues Investigate ordered collections

has context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a nif:ContextCollection to its contexts.
domain: Context Collection
range: Context

inter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This object property models a relation between two nif:Strings. The name "inter" is kept generic and can be used to express any kind of relation in between (inter) two nif:Strings. Extensions can create rdfs:subPropertyOf for "head", "dependent", nif:substring and nif:nextWord.
domain: String
range: String

broader context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property should be used to express that one Context is contained in another Context, e.g. several sentences of a document are modelled indivudally and refer to the broader context of the whole document.
domain: Context
range: Context

narrower context
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The inverse of nif:narrowerContext
domain: Context
range: Context

before
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: For each string you can include a snippet (e.g. 10-40 characters of text), that occurs immediately before the subject string.
domain: String

after
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: For each string you can include a snippet (e.g. 10-40 characters of text), that occurs immediately after the subject string.
domain: String

head
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The first few chars of the nif:anchorOf. Typically used if the nif:anchorOf is to long for inclusion as RDF literal.
domain: String

tail
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The last few chars of the nif:anchorOf. Typically used if the nif:anchorOf is to long for inclusion as RDF literal.
domain: String

contextAsLiteral
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The string that the nif:anchorOf is embedded in. FILTER ( strlen (nif:referenceContext [ nif:isString ] ) )
domain: String

predominant language
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines the predominant language of the text. If this annotation is given on a nif:Context, all NIF tools have to treat the text to be in this language unless specified differently for a subpart. To change the language for a smaller substring nif:lang must be used. This property requires a uri as an argument. We expect this to be a URI from the lexvo.org namespace, e.g. http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng using ISO639-3 Examples "The dealer says: "Rien ne va plus!" " has nif:predLang http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng and nif:lang http://www.lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/fra see also: http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/#selection-local Tests for RDFUnit (not written yet): - write a test for RDFUnit, so people do not use http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng
domain: Context
range: Language

language of the string
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines the language of a substring of the context. If the language for the nif:Context should be specified, nif:predLang must be used. see nif:predLang for more info.
range: Language
domain: String
domain: Class
  complement of: Context

Consecutive String Instantiation
type: Class
comment: An abitrary URI (e.g. a URN) for an arbitrary string of the context. This is roughly the same as TextAnnotations are currently implemented in Stanbol.
subclass of: Consecutive String

Context Hash Based String
type: Class
comment: cf. https://www.google.de/search?q=Linked-Data+Aware+URI+Schemes+for+Referencing+Text
subclass of: URI Scheme

Offset-based String
type: Class
comment: cf. Linked-Data Aware URI Schemes for Referencing Text Fragments by Sebastian Hellmann, Jens Lehmann und Sören Auer in EKAW 2012 http://jens-lehmann.org/files/2012/ekaw_nif.pdf requires the existence of begin, endIndex and referenceContext
subclass of: Consecutive String
subclass of: TextPositionSelector

RFC 5147 String
type: Class
deprecated: true
comment: cf. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5147 URIs of this class have to conform with the syntax of RFC 5147 in a way that the end on a valid identifier, if you remove the prefix. Note that unlike RFC 5147 NIF does not requrire '#' URIs. So valid URIs are http://example.org#char=0,28 , http://example.org/whatever/char=0,28 , http://example.org/nif?char=0,28 Further use of this class is discouraged, since text positions according to RFC 5147 differs from Unicode character counts used by NIF when newlines occur in the source text.
subclass of: Consecutive String

Word
type: Class
comment: The Word class represents strings that are tokens or words. A string is a Word, if it is a word. We don't nitpic about whether it is a a pronoun, a name, a punctuation mark or an apostrophe or whether it is separated by white space from another Word or something else. The string 'He enters the room.' for example has 5 words. Words are assigned by a tokenizer NIF Implementation. Single word phrases might be tagged as nif:Word and nif:Phrase. Example 1: "The White House" are three Words separated by whitespace Comment 1: We adopted the definition style from foaf:Person, see here: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/#term_Person We are well aware that the world out there is much more complicated, but we are ignorant about it, for the following reasons: Comment 2: 1. NIF has a client-server and the client has the ability to dictate the tokenization to the server (i.e. the NIF Implementation) by sending properly tokenized NIF annotated with nif:Word. All NIF Implementations are supposed to honor and respect the current assignment of the Word class. Thus the client should decide which NIF Implementation should create the tokenization. Therefore this class is not descriptive, but prescriptive. 2. The client may choose to send an existing tokenization to a NIF Implementation, with the capability to change (for better or for worse) the tokenization. The class has not been named 'Token' as the NLP definition of 'token' is descriptive (and not well-defined), while the assignment of what is a Word and what not is prescriptive, e.g. "can't" could be described as one, two or three tokens or defined as being one, two or three words. For further reading, we refer the reader to: By all these lovely tokens... Merging conflicting tokenizations by Christian Chiarcos, Julia Ritz, and Manfred Stede. Language Resources and Evaluation 46(1):53-74 (2012) or the short form: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-3005 There the task at hand is to merge two tokenization T_1 and T_2 which is normally not t…
subclass of: Structure

Phrase
type: Class
comment: A nif:Phrase can be a nif:String, that is a chunk of several words or a word itself (e.g. a NounPhrase as a Named Entity). The term is underspecified and can be compatible with many defintitions of phrase. Please subClass it to specify the meaning (e.g. for Chunking or Phrase Structure Grammar). Example: ((My dog)(also)(likes)(eating (sausage)))
subclass of: Structure

Sentence
type: Class
comment: A sentence.
subclass of: Structure

Paragraph
type: Class
comment: A paragraph.
subclass of: Structure

Title
type: Class
comment: A title within a text.
subclass of: Structure

sub string
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: super String
comment: This property together with nif:subString, nif:superString, and their transitive extension can be used to express that one string is contained in another one. Examples: "a" nif:subString "apple" , "apple" nif:subString "apple". The transitivity axioms are included in nif-core-inf.ttl and need to be included separately to keep a low reasoning profile. They are modeled after skos:broader and skos:broaderTransitive
domain: String
range: String
sub property of: transitive version of subString

transitive version of subString
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: transitive version of subString Inferences (nif-core-inf.ttl): Transitive definition kept in a different ontology
domain: String
range: String

super String
type: ObjectProperty
comment: see nif:subString
domain: String
range: String
sub property of: transitive version of superString

transitive version of superString
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: see nif:subStringTrans
domain: String
range: String

nextSentence
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: This property (and nif:previousSentence, nif:nextWord, nif:previousWord and their transitive extension) can be used to make resources of nif:Sentence and nif:Word traversable, it can not be assumed that no gaps or whitespaces between sentences or words exist, i.e. string adjacency is not mandatory. The transitivity axioms are included in nif-core-inf.ttl and need to be included separately to keep a low reasoning profile. They are modeled after skos:broader and skos:broaderTransitive
domain: Sentence
range: Sentence
inverse of: previousSentence
sub property of: nextSentenceTrans

nextSentenceTrans
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Sentence
range: Sentence

previousSentence
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
see also: nextSentence
domain: Sentence
range: Sentence
sub property of: previousSentenceTrans

previousSentenceTrans
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Sentence
range: Sentence

has word
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property links sentences to their words.
domain: Sentence
range: Word

has first word
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: This property links sentences to their first word.
domain: Sentence
range: Word
sub property of: has word

has last word
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: This property links sentences to their last word.
domain: Sentence
range: Word
sub property of: has word

sentence
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property links words and other structures to their sentence.
domain: Structure
range: Sentence

nextWord
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Word
range: Word
inverse of: previousWord
sub property of: nextWordTrans

nextWordTrans
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Word
range: Word

previousWord
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Word
range: Word
sub property of: previousWordTrans

previousWordTrans
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: see nif:nextSentence
domain: Word
range: Word

lemma
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The lemma(s) of the nif:String.
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: string

stem
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The stem(s) of the nif:String.
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: string

OLiA link
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property links a string to a URI from one of the OLiA Annotation model, e.g. http://purl.org/olia/penn.owl#NNP
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
sub property of: objectAnnotation
confidence property: Confidence of OLiA tag
provenance property: Provenance of OLiA annotation

OLiA Category
type: ObjectProperty
comment: This property links a string URI to classes of the OLiA Reference model. It provides a direct link for querying, thus it is a redundant optimization.
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
sub property of: classAnnotation
confidence property: Confidence of OLiA tag
provenance property: Provenance of OLiA annotation

Confidence of OLiA tag
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The confidence is relative to the tool and can be between 0.0 and 1.0, it is for nif:oliaLink and therefore also for nif:oliaCategory.
range: decimal
domain: Annotation
sub property of: confidence companion
sub property of: confidence

Provenance of OLiA annotation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links to the URI describing the provenance
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance

Part of speech tag
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: To include the pos tag as it comes out of the NLP tool as RDF Literal. This property is discouraged to use alone, please use oliaLink and oliaCategory. We included it, because some people might still want it and will even create their own property, if the string variant is missing
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: string

category
comment: A simple annotation for machine learning purposes. The object can be anything, e.g. the literal "A. PRESS: Reportage" from Brown or any URI. ChangeLog:
type: AnnotationProperty

dependency
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A dependency relation pointing from gov to dep.
sub property of: transitive version of dependency
domain: String
range: String

dependency relation type
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: String denoting the kind of dependency relation
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: string

transitive version of dependency
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: inter
domain: String
range: String

sentiment value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Between -1 negative and 1 positive
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: decimal

opinion
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: extractedFrom
comment: This property is used to link to a marl:Opinion. We have not investigated marl, so it might be replaced. http://marl.gi2mo.org/?page_id=1#overview . InverseOf marl:extractedFrom
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: Opinion

Translation
type: Class
comment: A context representing string data for a translation in a target language obtained by a tranlation process (both manually or (semi-)automatically) of a nif:String.
subclass of: Context
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: was translated from
  cardinality: 1

was translated from
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links from a context representing a translation to the nif:String with the corresponding string in the source language.
sub property of: was converted from
domain: Translation
range: String

translation of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links from a nif:String to a nif:Translation context representing a language equivalent/translation in a specific target language
domain: String
range: Translation

translationProv
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Translation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent

translationConf
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Translation
range: decimal

topic
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The topic of a string
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: Resource

keyword
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A general keyword associated with a string
domain: PropertyAssertionAnnotation
range: string

EntityOccurrence
type: Class
comment: Text span annotation denoting that a word or phrase has been detected as occurrence of a named entity. (Use this without further annotation property assertions if you just want to express the detection of the occurrence when neither the mentioned entity nor its category was identified.)
subclass of: TextSpanAnnotation
confidence property: entity occurrence confidence (companion property)
provenance property: entity occurrence provenance (companion property)

entity occurrence confidence (companion property)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Annotation
range: decimal
sub property of: confidence companion

entity occurrence provenance (companion property)
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property

TermOccurrence
type: Class
comment: Text span annotation denoting that a word or phrase has been detected as occurrence of a term. (Use this without further annotation property assertions if you just want to express the detection of the occurrence when neither the mentioned entity nor its category was identified.)
subclass of: TextSpanAnnotation
confidence property: termOccurrenceConf
provenance property: term occurrence provenance (companion property) This is property specialises itsrdf:termAnnotatorsRef with regard to domain and range.

termOccurrenceConf
type: DatatypeProperty
label: term occurrence confidence (companion property) Taking semantics of itsrdf:termConfidence into regard individually, one could see this property as a sub-property of it. However, since ITS normatively demands a corresponding itsrdf:termAnnotatorsRef for each occurrence of itsrdf:termConfidence on the one hand with no corrensponding strict 'confidence implies provenance' policy in NIF on the other, no formal rdfs:subPropertyOf assertion is declared due to this slight mismatch in the properties semantics.
domain: Annotation
range: decimal
sub property of: confidence companion

term occurrence provenance (companion property) This is property specialises itsrdf:termAnnotatorsRef with regard to domain and range.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property
sub property of: termAnnotatorsRef

AnnotationUnit
type: Class
comment: Individuals of this class group unambiguously a set of annotation assertions (either by a property assertion or an implicit annoation via nif:TextSpanAnnotation). A typical use case to introcude annotation sets is provision of provenance and/or confidence information for multiple statements for the same kind of annoation information (e.g. several itsrdf:taIdentRef assertions) in an unambiguous manner.
subclass of: Annotation

annotationUnit
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Links a nif:String to nif:AnnotationUnit.
domain: String
range: AnnotationUnit

provenance
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Provenance of an annotation, specified either a complete activity description capturing the agent, used entities and the time (preferred) or just the agent that creted the annotation (e.g. a human annotator or an NLP service).
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent

confidence
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Confidence of an annotation as decimal between 0 and 1
domain: AnnotationUnit
range: decimal

provenance companion property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Abstract provenance property for companion properties to express provenance. Values specify either a complete activity description capturing the agent, used entities and the time (preferred) or just the agent that creted the annotation (e.g. a human annotator or an NLP service). Usage Note: in order to use this property, you need to create a new property which is a rdfs:subPropertyOf nif:confidenceCompanion. This subproperty may follow the naming pattern "${targetproperty}Prov". The following statements give a usage example: nif:oliaProv rdfs:subPropertyOf nif:provenanceCompanion . nif:oliaLink nif:provenanceProperty nif:oliaProv .
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent

confidence companion
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Abstract confidence property for companion properties to express confidence. Values must be decimal between 0 and 1 inclusive. Usage Note: in order to use this property, you need to create a new property which is a rdfs:subPropertyOf nif:confidenceCompanion. This subproperty may follow the naming pattern "${targetproperty}Conf". The following statements give a usage example: nif:oliaConf rdfs:subPropertyOf nif:confidenceCompanion . nif:oliaLink nif:confidenceProperty nif:oliaConf .
domain: Annotation
range: decimal

provenance property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Declares a companion provenance property for a property used for annotation or a subclass of nif:TextSpanAnnotation. Establishing this vocabluary meta-information explicity allows creating tool that can consume and validate NIF more effectively. The domain of this property is a (punned) subclass of nif:TextSpanAnnotation or a (punned) object or datatype property. The range of this property is a (punned) property (usually a sub-property of nif:provenanceCompanion).

confidence property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Declares a companion confidence property for a property used for annotation or a subclass of nif:TextSpanAnnotation. Establishing this vocabluary meta-information explicity allows creating tool that can consume and validate NIF more effectively. The domain of this property is a (punned) subclass of nif:TextSpanAnnotation or a (punned) object or datatype property. The range of this property is a (punned) property (usually a sub-property of nif:confidenceCompanion).

text analysis identity reference confidence (companion property) This property is closely related to itstdf:taConfidence, but only refers to the confidence of the link to a concrete entity.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Annotation
range: decimal
sub property of: confidence companion
sub property of: taConfidence

text analysis identity reference provenance (companion property) This property is closely related to itstdf:taAnnotatorsRef, but only refers to the provenance of the link to a concrete entity.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property

taClassConf
type: DatatypeProperty
label: text analysis entity type reference confidence (companion property) This property is closely related to itstdf:taConfidence, but only refers to the confidence of the categorisation into an entity type.
domain: Annotation
range: decimal
sub property of: confidence companion
sub property of: taConfidence

taClassProv
type: ObjectProperty
label: text analysis entity type reference provenance (companion property) This property is closely related to itstdf:taAnnotatorsRef, but only refers to the provenance of the categorisation into an entity type.
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property

Axiom
annotated source: text analysis identity reference confidence (companion property) This property is closely related to itstdf:taConfidence, but only refers to the confidence of the link to a concrete entity.
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: taConfidence
comment: As itsrdf:taConfidence poses a common confidence measure, it implies :taIdentConf.

Axiom
annotated source: taClassConf
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: taConfidence
comment: As itsrdf:taConfidence poses a common confidence measure, it implies :taClassConf.

terminology information reference confidence (companion property)
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Annotation
range: decimal
sub property of: confidence companion

terminology information reference provenance (companion property)
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
range: Class
  union of: Activity
  union of: Agent
sub property of: provenance companion property