---
description: "Comprehensive overview of NeMo Curator's text curation pipeline architecture including data acquisition and processing"
categories: ["concepts-architecture"]
tags: ["pipeline", "architecture", "text-curation", "distributed", "gpu-accelerated", "overview"]
personas: ["data-scientist-focused", "mle-focused"]
difficulty: "beginner"
content_type: "concept"
modality: "text-only"
---

# Text Data Curation Pipeline

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of NeMo Curator's text curation pipeline architecture, from data acquisition through final dataset preparation.

## Architecture Overview

The following diagram provides a high-level outline of NeMo Curator's text curation architecture:

```mermaid
flowchart LR
    A["Data Sources<br/>(Cloud, Local,<br/>Common Crawl, arXiv,<br/>Wikipedia)"] --> B["Data Acquisition<br/>& Loading"]
    B --> C["Content Processing<br/>& Cleaning"]
    C --> D["Quality Assessment<br/>& Filtering"]
    D --> E["Deduplication<br/>(Exact, Fuzzy,<br/>Semantic)"]
    E --> F["Curated Dataset<br/>(JSONL/Parquet)"]
    
    G["Ray + RAPIDS<br/>(GPU-accelerated)"] -.->|"Distributed Execution"| B
    G -.->|"Distributed Execution"| C
    G -.->|"GPU Acceleration"| D
    G -.->|"GPU Acceleration"| E

    classDef stage fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1976d2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
    classDef infra fill:#f3e5f5,stroke:#7b1fa2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
    classDef output fill:#e8f5e9,stroke:#2e7d32,stroke-width:3px,color:#000

    class A,B,C,D,E stage
    class F output
    class G infra
```

## Pipeline Stages

NeMo Curator's text curation pipeline consists of several key stages that work together to transform raw data sources into high-quality datasets ready for LLM training:

### 1. Data Sources

Multiple input sources provide the foundation for text curation:

- **Cloud storage**: Amazon S3, Azure
- **Local workstation**: JSONL, Parquet

### 2. Data Acquisition & Processing

Raw data is downloaded, extracted, and converted into standardized formats:

- **Download & Extraction**: Retrieve and process remote data sources
- **Cleaning & Pre-processing**: Convert formats and normalize text
- **DocumentBatch Creation**: Standardize data into NeMo Curator's core data structure

### 3. Quality Assessment & Filtering

Multiple filtering stages ensure data quality:

- **Heuristic Quality Filtering**: Rule-based filters for basic quality checks
- **Model-based Quality Filtering**: Classification models trained to identify high vs. low quality text

### 4. Deduplication

Remove duplicate and near-duplicate content:

- **Exact Deduplication**: Remove identical documents using MD5 hashing
- **Fuzzy Deduplication**: Remove near-duplicates using MinHash and LSH similarity
- **Semantic Deduplication**: Remove semantically similar content using embeddings

### 5. Final Preparation

Prepare the curated dataset for training:

- **Format Standardization**: Ensure consistent output format

## Infrastructure Foundation

The entire pipeline runs on a robust, scalable infrastructure:

- **Ray**: Distributed computing framework for parallelization
- **RAPIDS**: GPU-accelerated data processing (cuDF, cuGraph, cuML)
- **Flexible Deployment**: CPU and GPU acceleration support

## Key Components

The pipeline leverages several core component types:

<Cards>

<Card title="Data Loading" href="/about/concepts/text/data/loading">

Core concepts for loading and managing text datasets from local files
</Card>

<Card title="Data Acquisition" href="/about/concepts/text/data/acquisition">

Components for downloading and extracting data from remote sources
</Card>

<Card title="Data Processing" href="/about/concepts/text/data/processing">

Concepts for filtering, deduplication, and classification
</Card>

</Cards>

## Processing Modes

The pipeline supports different processing approaches:

**GPU Acceleration**: Leverage NVIDIA GPUs for:
- High-throughput data processing
- ML model inference for classification
- Embedding generation for semantic operations

**CPU Processing**: Scale across multiple CPU cores for:
- Text parsing and cleaning
- Rule-based filtering
- Large-scale data transformations

**Hybrid Workflows**: Combine CPU and GPU processing for optimal performance based on the specific operation.

## Scalability & Deployment

The architecture scales from single machines to large clusters:

- **Single Node**: Process datasets on laptops or workstations
- **Multi-Node**: Distribute processing across cluster resources
- **Cloud Native**: Deploy on cloud platforms
- **HPC Integration**: Run on HPC supercomputing clusters

---

For hands-on experience, refer to the [Text Curation Getting Started Guide ](/get-started/text).
