---
name: tao-finetune-cosmos-embed
description: >-
  Cosmos-Embed1 video-text embedding for text-to-video retrieval, video-to-video search, semantic deduplication, and
  fine-tuning. Use when the user asks to "fine-tune Cosmos-Embed1", "run cosmos-embed inference", "export Cosmos-Embed1",
  "embed videos", or "search videos with text".
license: Apache-2.0
compatibility: Requires docker + nvidia-container-toolkit, the published Cosmos-Embed TAO container (pinned in this skill), and a HuggingFace token when downloading pretrained `nvidia/Cosmos-Embed1-*` weights.
metadata:
  author: NVIDIA Corporation
  version: "0.1.0"
allowed-tools: Read Bash
tags:
- video
- vision-language
- vlm
- multimodal
- retrieval
- embedding
- cosmos
- fine-tuning
---

# Cosmos-Embed

> **Standalone install?** If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the `tao-setup` skill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).

Cosmos-Embed1 is a joint video-text embedder for text-to-video retrieval, video-to-video search, zero-shot/kNN classification, and semantic deduplication. The packaged CLI is `cosmos-embed1` and supports `train`, `evaluate`, `inference`, and `export`.

Container image and per-action commands are in `references/skill_info.yaml`. Compact starting specs are in `references/spec_template_*.yaml`.

## Train Action Policy

AutoML is not packaged for this model skill because there are no Cosmos-Embed schemas under `schemas/`. Always use the direct model skill actions for `train`, `evaluate`, `inference`, and `export`, even when a higher-level request includes `automl_policy: on`. Do not route Cosmos-Embed through workflow or AutoML skills until model-specific train schemas and templates are added.

Non-train actions such as `evaluate`, `inference`, `export`, and deploy flows stay in this model skill. The per-run `automl_policy` override does not change model metadata.

## Quick Start

Use the published Cosmos-Embed container pinned below (also declared in
`references/skill_info.yaml`). Do not build from the private
Cosmos-Embed1 source tree for normal skill use; build from source only when
developing the container itself.

```bash
COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE_DEFAULT=nvcr.io/nvidia/tao/tao-toolkit:7.1.0-cosmos-embed  # versions-key: images.tao_toolkit.cosmos_embed
COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE="${COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE:-$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE_DEFAULT}"
docker pull "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE"
```

Expected local workspace layout:

```text
workspace/
├── data/
│   ├── msrvtt_test_1k.json
│   └── video/
│       ├── video7020.mp4
│       └── ...
├── model/
│   └── Cosmos-Embed1-224p/        # optional if using HF repo id
├── specs/
│   ├── train.yaml
│   ├── evaluate.yaml
│   ├── inference.yaml
│   ├── export_onnx.yaml
│   └── export_hf.yaml
└── results/
```

Use these Docker options for all actions unless the local Docker/platform skill gives a stricter environment-specific command:

```bash
set -a; source /path/to/.env; set +a   # omit if already exported
COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE_DEFAULT=nvcr.io/nvidia/tao/tao-toolkit:7.1.0-cosmos-embed  # versions-key: images.tao_toolkit.cosmos_embed
COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE="${COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE:-$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE_DEFAULT}"
RUN_ROOT="${RUN_ROOT:-$PWD}"
DOCKER_COMMON=(
  --rm --gpus all --shm-size=8g --network=host
  --shm-size=64g
  --ulimit memlock=-1
  --ulimit stack=67108864
  -e HF_TOKEN
  -e WANDB_DISABLED=true
  -e WANDB_MODE=disabled
  -e HUGGINGFACE_HUB_CACHE=/hf_cache
  -v "$RUN_ROOT/data:/data:ro"
  -v "$RUN_ROOT/model:/model"
  -v "$RUN_ROOT/specs:/specs:ro"
  -v "$RUN_ROOT/results:/results"
  -v "$RUN_ROOT/hf_cache:/hf_cache"
)
```

For Cosmos-Embed images that ship `protobuf==7.x`, run a small startup
preamble before every action:

```bash
python -m pip install "protobuf<7"
```

The image contains `wandb==0.21.0` with `protobuf==7.x`; importing W&B fails before training/evaluation unless protobuf is pinned below 7. Use `WANDB_DISABLED=true` and `WANDB_MODE=disabled` for smoke or offline runs. Cosmos-Embed may still download the public `google-bert/bert-base-uncased` Q-Former component even when the model checkpoint is disabled, so pass `HF_TOKEN` as an environment variable or mount a persistent HuggingFace cache. Do not write the token into specs, logs, or reports.

Train:

```bash
docker run "${DOCKER_COMMON[@]}" "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE" \
  bash -lc "python -m pip install 'protobuf<7' && cosmos-embed1 train -e /specs/train.yaml results_dir=/results"
```

Evaluate:

```bash
docker run "${DOCKER_COMMON[@]}" "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE" \
  bash -lc "python -m pip install 'protobuf<7' && cosmos-embed1 evaluate -e /specs/evaluate.yaml results_dir=/results"
```

Inference:

```bash
docker run "${DOCKER_COMMON[@]}" "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE" \
  bash -lc "python -m pip install 'protobuf<7' && cosmos-embed1 inference -e /specs/inference.yaml \
  'inference.query.input_texts=[\"a man is singing on stage\"]' \
  inference.k=5 \
  results_dir=/results"
```

Export ONNX:

```bash
docker run "${DOCKER_COMMON[@]}" "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE" \
  bash -lc "python -m pip install 'protobuf<7' && cosmos-embed1 export -e /specs/export_onnx.yaml \
  export.checkpoint=/results/train/checkpoints/iter_000000001.pt \
  export.onnx_file=/results/export/cosmos_embed1_combined.onnx \
  results_dir=/results"
```

Export HuggingFace format:

```bash
docker run "${DOCKER_COMMON[@]}" "$COSMOS_EMBED_IMAGE" \
  bash -lc "python -m pip install 'protobuf<7' && cosmos-embed1 export -e /specs/export_hf.yaml \
  export.checkpoint=/results/train/checkpoints/iter_000000001.pt \
  export.hf_output_dir=/results/export_hf/cosmos_embed1_hf \
  results_dir=/results"
```

## Smoke Overrides

For a small functional check, keep the same specs and override the expensive knobs:

```bash
train.max_iter=1
train.validation_iter=2
train.checkpoint_iter=1
train.optim.optim=adamw
train.optim.warmup_steps=0
train.optim.lr_decay_iters=1
dataset.train_dataset.batch_size=1
dataset.val_dataset.batch_size=1
dataset.train_dataset.workers=0
dataset.val_dataset.workers=0
```

When shortening the cosine scheduler for smoke runs, keep
`train.optim.lr_decay_iters` greater than `train.optim.warmup_steps`, or set
`train.optim.warmup_steps=0` as shown above. The scheduler divides by
`lr_decay_iters - warmup_steps`, so equal values fail before the checkpoint is
written.

If no local Cosmos-Embed1 pretrained checkpoint is available, set `model.pretrained_model_path=null` for a plumbing-only smoke train. The model quality is meaningless in that mode, but the train/evaluate/inference/export action paths can still be exercised. In the current container, the Q-Former path can still fetch `google-bert/bert-base-uncased`; provide `HF_TOKEN` or a mounted HuggingFace cache for fresh ephemeral containers.

For evaluation and inference smoke tests on a tiny subset:

```bash
evaluate.callbacks.embedding_visualization=false
evaluate.callbacks.max_eval_samples=8
dataset.test_dataset.batch_size=1
dataset.test_dataset.workers=0
inference.k=2
dataset.inference_dataset.batch_size=1
dataset.inference_dataset.workers=0
```

## Data Format

The MSR-VTT path expects a local video glob and a JSON metadata file:

```yaml
dataset:
  train_dataset:
    dataset_type: msrvtt
    mp4_urls: /data/video/*.mp4
    metadata: /data/msrvtt_test_1k.json
```

List-format metadata rows must include at least `video` and `caption`:

```json
{"video_id": "video7020", "video": "video7020.mp4", "caption": "a woman creating a fondant baby and flower"}
```

The dataset loader derives the video id from the local `.mp4` filename and filters to videos present in the metadata. If a run finds zero videos, check that `mp4_urls` points to a container-local glob and that metadata `video` names match the filenames.

## Model Weights

- Local HF directory: mount it under `/model` and set `model.pretrained_model_path=/model/Cosmos-Embed1-224p`.
- HuggingFace repo: set `model.pretrained_model_path=nvidia/Cosmos-Embed1-224p` and pass `HF_TOKEN` if access is gated.
- Fine-tuned checkpoint: set downstream actions to the resolver-selected `/results/train/checkpoints/iter_#########.pt` file.

Training writes full checkpoints under `results/train/checkpoints/iter_#########.pt`, updates `results/train/checkpoints/latest_checkpoint.txt`, and creates a `cosmos_embed1_model_latest.pth` symlink. For `evaluate.checkpoint`, `inference.checkpoint`, `export.checkpoint`, and `train.resume_training_checkpoint_path`, resolve and pass the exact `iter_#########.pt` file for the intended iteration. The action spec templates intentionally leave these checkpoint fields null so the model-skill runner or the user must provide the resolver-selected checkpoint. Use the latest symlink only when the user explicitly asks for latest.

For single-GPU resume/retrain from a consolidated checkpoint, set `model.fsdp_shard_size: 1`. The container default is 8, which sends resumed training through an FSDP apply path that Cosmos-Embed1 does not implement for this model class.

Variants:

| Variant | Resolution | Frames | Embedding dim |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| `Cosmos-Embed1-224p` | 224 x 224 | 8 | 256 |
| `Cosmos-Embed1-336p` | 336 x 336 | 8 | 768 |
| `Cosmos-Embed1-448p` | 448 x 448 | 8 | 768 |

Keep `model.network.embed_dim`, `model.input_hw`, and `model.network.spatial_resolution` aligned with the selected variant.

## Important Parameters

| Parameter | Notes |
|---|---|
| `train.num_gpus` | `1` for single GPU, `>1` auto-launches `torchrun`, `-1` auto-detects visible GPUs. |
| `train.max_iter` | Main training length. Use `1` only for smoke testing. |
| `train.optim.optim` | `fused_adamw` is faster when available; `adamw` is safer for smoke and portability. |
| `model.lora.enabled` | Enables LoRA. Set `model.network.visual_encoder.transformer_engine=false` when LoRA is on. |
| `model.lora.lora_rank` | LoRA rank. Start with `8`; try `4`, `8`, or `16` for manual or AutoML-style sweeps. |
| `model.lora.lora_alpha` | LoRA scaling factor. Start with `16`; keep near `2 * lora_rank` unless experiments show otherwise. |
| `model.lora.lora_dropout` | LoRA dropout. Start with `0.1`; sweep `0.0`, `0.05`, and `0.1` for small datasets. |
| `model.lora.bias` | Bias policy: `none`, `all`, or `lora_only`. Keep `none` unless intentionally training biases. |
| `model.lora.use_rslora` / `use_dora` | Optional LoRA variants. Enable one at a time and record the setting with the checkpoint. |
| `model.lora.target_modules` | Optional module-name patterns for LoRA injection. Leave empty for the default ViT + Q-Former attention/MLP targets. |
| `model.lora.modules_to_save` | Optional modules to keep fully trainable alongside LoRA. Leave empty unless preserving a task-specific head. |
| `evaluate.load_dataset_pkl` / `save_dataset_pkl` | Cache evaluation embeddings. |
| `inference.load_dataset_pkl` / `save_dataset_pkl` | Cache the search database for repeated retrieval. |
| `export.mode` | `video`, `text`, `combined`, or `huggingface`. |
| `export.on_cpu` | Recommended for export to avoid device mismatch issues. |

### LoRA and AutoML Notes

For parameter-efficient fine-tuning, set `model.lora.enabled=true` and keep
`model.network.visual_encoder.transformer_engine=false`; TAO Core's
Cosmos-Embed1 config notes that PEFT cannot inject adapters into Transformer
Engine layers. Treat the LoRA fields above as the first candidate parameters
for manual tuning or AutoML-style search before unfreezing larger model blocks.
Avoid changing `target_modules` or `modules_to_save` unless the user explicitly
needs custom adapter placement.

## S3 Staging

The Cosmos-Embed1 CLI consumes local paths and Python globs, not raw `s3://.../*.mp4` URIs. For S3-backed runs, first stage a subset or full dataset to the execution host/container filesystem, then use local paths such as `/data/video/*.mp4` in the spec.

Recommended S3 layout for staged MSR-VTT data:

```text
s3://bucket/path/cosmos-embed/msrvtt-subset/
├── msrvtt_test_1k.json
└── video/
    ├── video7020.mp4
    └── ...
```

After downloading/syncing that prefix into the mounted `data/` directory, use the same Docker commands above.

## Outputs

```text
results/
├── train/
│   ├── cosmos_embed1_model_latest.pth
│   ├── cosmos_embed1_model_<iter>.pth
│   └── experiment.yaml
├── evaluate/
│   ├── metrics.json
│   └── experiment.yaml
├── inference/
│   ├── results.json
│   └── experiment.yaml
├── export/
│   ├── cosmos_embed1_combined.onnx
│   └── export_config.yaml
└── export_hf/
    └── cosmos_embed1_hf/
```

## Known Pitfalls

| Symptom | Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| `MSRVTTDataset: 0 videos found` | `mp4_urls` is not a local glob or metadata filenames do not match videos. | Mount data into the container and set `mp4_urls=/data/video/*.mp4`. |
| HF download/auth failure | Missing or invalid `HF_TOKEN`, or model agreement not accepted. | Accept the model terms and pass `-e HF_TOKEN`. |
| `cannot import name 'Imports' from 'wandb.proto.wandb_telemetry_pb2'` | `wandb==0.21.0` in the container is incompatible with `protobuf==7.x`. | Run `python -m pip install "protobuf<7"` in the container before invoking `cosmos-embed1`. |
| Resume fails with `Model does not implement 'apply_fsdp'` | Single-GPU resume loaded a consolidated checkpoint while `model.fsdp_shard_size` stayed at the default 8. | Set `model.fsdp_shard_size=1` for local single-GPU resume/retrain. |
| LoRA injection failure | Transformer Engine visual encoder is enabled. | Set `model.network.visual_encoder.transformer_engine=false`. |
| ONNX/HF export complains about missing components | Export checkpoint is partial or adapter-only. | Use a full checkpoint or configure pretrained visual/text sources before export. |
| CUDA OOM | Batch/resolution too high for the GPU. | Reduce batch size, use 224p, enable LoRA, or use more GPUs. |