---
name: storekit
description: "Implement, review, or improve in-app purchases and subscriptions using StoreKit 2. Use when building paywalls with SubscriptionStoreView or ProductView, processing transactions with Product and Transaction APIs, verifying entitlements, handling purchase flows (consumable, non-consumable, auto-renewable), implementing offer codes or promotional/win-back/introductory offers, managing subscription status and renewal state, setting up StoreKit testing with configuration files, or integrating Family Sharing, Ask to Buy, refund handling, and billing retry logic."
---

# StoreKit 2 In-App Purchases and Subscriptions

Implement in-app purchases, subscriptions, and paywalls using StoreKit 2 on
iOS 26+. Use only the modern `Product`, `Transaction`, `StoreView`, and
`SubscriptionStoreView` APIs. Never use the deprecated original StoreKit
(`SKProduct`, `SKPaymentQueue`, `SKStoreReviewController`).

## Product Types

| Type | Enum Case | Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| **Consumable** | `.consumable` | Used once, can be repurchased (gems, coins) |
| **Non-consumable** | `.nonConsumable` | Purchased once permanently (premium unlock) |
| **Auto-renewable** | `.autoRenewable` | Recurring billing with automatic renewal |
| **Non-renewing** | `.nonRenewing` | Time-limited access without automatic renewal |

## Loading Products

Define product IDs as constants. Fetch products with `Product.products(for:)`.

```swift
import StoreKit

enum ProductID {
    static let premium = "com.myapp.premium"
    static let gems100 = "com.myapp.gems100"
    static let monthlyPlan = "com.myapp.monthly"
    static let yearlyPlan = "com.myapp.yearly"
    static let all: [String] = [premium, gems100, monthlyPlan, yearlyPlan]
}

let products = try await Product.products(for: ProductID.all)
for product in products {
    print("\(product.displayName): \(product.displayPrice)")
}
```

## Purchase Flow

Call `product.purchase(options:)` and handle all three `PurchaseResult` cases.
Always verify and finish transactions.

```swift
func purchase(_ product: Product) async throws {
    let result = try await product.purchase(options: [
        .appAccountToken(userAccountToken)
    ])
    switch result {
    case .success(let verification):
        let transaction = try checkVerified(verification)
        await deliverContent(for: transaction)
        await transaction.finish()
    case .userCancelled:
        break
    case .pending:
        // Ask to Buy or deferred approval -- do not unlock content yet
        break
    @unknown default:
        break
    }
}

func checkVerified<T>(_ result: VerificationResult<T>) throws -> T {
    switch result {
    case .verified(let value): return value
    case .unverified(_, let error): throw error
    }
}
```

## Transaction.updates Listener

Start at app launch. Catches purchases from other devices, Family Sharing
changes, renewals, Ask to Buy approvals, refunds, and revocations.

```swift
@main
struct MyApp: App {
    private var transactionListener: Task<Void, Error>?

    init() {
        transactionListener = listenForTransactions()
    }

    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup { ContentView() }
    }

    func listenForTransactions() -> Task<Void, Error> {
        Task.detached {
            for await result in Transaction.updates {
                guard case .verified(let transaction) = result else { continue }
                await StoreManager.shared.updateEntitlements()
                await transaction.finish()
            }
        }
    }
}
```

## Entitlement Checking

Use `Transaction.currentEntitlements` for non-consumable purchases and active
subscriptions. Always check `revocationDate`.

```swift
@Observable
@MainActor
class StoreManager {
    static let shared = StoreManager()
    var purchasedProductIDs: Set<String> = []
    var isPremium: Bool { purchasedProductIDs.contains(ProductID.premium) }

    func updateEntitlements() async {
        var purchased = Set<String>()
        for await result in Transaction.currentEntitlements {
            if case .verified(let transaction) = result,
               transaction.revocationDate == nil {
                purchased.insert(transaction.productID)
            }
        }
        purchasedProductIDs = purchased
    }
}
```

### SwiftUI .currentEntitlementTask Modifier

```swift
struct PremiumGatedView: View {
    @State private var state: EntitlementTaskState<VerificationResult<Transaction>?> = .loading

    var body: some View {
        Group {
            switch state {
            case .loading: ProgressView()
            case .failure: PaywallView()
            case .success(let transaction):
                if transaction != nil { PremiumContentView() }
                else { PaywallView() }
            }
        }
        .currentEntitlementTask(for: ProductID.premium) { state in
            self.state = state
        }
    }
}
```

## SubscriptionStoreView (iOS 17+)

Built-in SwiftUI view for subscription paywalls. Handles product loading,
purchase UI, and restore purchases automatically.

```swift
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "YOUR_GROUP_ID")
    .subscriptionStoreControlStyle(.prominentPicker)
    .subscriptionStoreButtonLabel(.multiline)
    .storeButton(.visible, for: .restorePurchases)
    .storeButton(.visible, for: .redeemCode)
    .subscriptionStorePolicyDestination(url: termsURL, for: .termsOfService)
    .subscriptionStorePolicyDestination(url: privacyURL, for: .privacyPolicy)
    .onInAppPurchaseCompletion { product, result in
        if case .success(.verified(let transaction)) = result {
            await transaction.finish()
        }
    }
```

### Custom Marketing Content

```swift
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "YOUR_GROUP_ID") {
    VStack {
        Image(systemName: "crown.fill").font(.system(size: 60)).foregroundStyle(.yellow)
        Text("Unlock Premium").font(.largeTitle.bold())
        Text("Access all features").foregroundStyle(.secondary)
    }
}
.containerBackground(.blue.gradient, for: .subscriptionStore)
```

### Hierarchical Layout

```swift
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "YOUR_GROUP_ID") {
    SubscriptionPeriodGroupSet()
}
.subscriptionStoreControlStyle(.picker)
```

## StoreView (iOS 17+)

Merchandises multiple products with localized names, prices, and purchase buttons.

```swift
StoreView(ids: [ProductID.gems100, ProductID.premium], prefersPromotionalIcon: true)
    .productViewStyle(.large)
    .storeButton(.visible, for: .restorePurchases)
    .onInAppPurchaseCompletion { product, result in
        if case .success(.verified(let transaction)) = result {
            await transaction.finish()
        }
    }
```

### ProductView for Individual Products

```swift
ProductView(id: ProductID.premium) { iconPhase in
    switch iconPhase {
    case .success(let image): image.resizable().scaledToFit()
    case .loading: ProgressView()
    default: Image(systemName: "star.fill")
    }
}
.productViewStyle(.large)
```

## Subscription Status Checking

```swift
func checkSubscriptionActive(groupID: String) async throws -> Bool {
    let statuses = try await Product.SubscriptionInfo.Status.status(for: groupID)
    for status in statuses {
        guard case .verified = status.renewalInfo,
              case .verified = status.transaction else { continue }
        if status.state == .subscribed || status.state == .inGracePeriod {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}
```

### Renewal States

| State | Meaning |
|---|---|
| `.subscribed` | Active subscription |
| `.expired` | Subscription has expired |
| `.inBillingRetryPeriod` | Payment failed, Apple is retrying |
| `.inGracePeriod` | Payment failed but access continues during grace period |
| `.revoked` | Apple refunded or revoked the subscription |

## Restore Purchases

StoreKit 2 handles restoration via `Transaction.currentEntitlements`. Add a
restore button or call `AppStore.sync()` explicitly.

```swift
func restorePurchases() async throws {
    try await AppStore.sync()
    await StoreManager.shared.updateEntitlements()
}
```

On store views: `.storeButton(.visible, for: .restorePurchases)`

## App Transaction (App Purchase Verification)

Verify the legitimacy of the app installation. Use for business model changes
or detecting tampered installations (iOS 16+).

```swift
func verifyAppPurchase() async {
    do {
        let result = try await AppTransaction.shared
        switch result {
        case .verified(let appTransaction):
            let originalVersion = appTransaction.originalAppVersion
            let purchaseDate = appTransaction.originalPurchaseDate
            // Migration logic for users who paid before subscription model
        case .unverified:
            // Potentially tampered -- restrict features as appropriate
            break
        }
    } catch { /* Could not retrieve app transaction */ }
}
```

## Purchase Options

```swift
// App account token for server-side reconciliation
try await product.purchase(options: [.appAccountToken(UUID())])

// Consumable quantity
try await product.purchase(options: [.quantity(5)])

// Simulate Ask to Buy in sandbox
try await product.purchase(options: [.simulatesAskToBuyInSandbox(true)])
```

## SwiftUI Purchase Callbacks

```swift
.onInAppPurchaseStart { product in
    return true  // Return false to cancel
}
.onInAppPurchaseCompletion { product, result in
    if case .success(.verified(let transaction)) = result {
        await transaction.finish()
    }
}
.inAppPurchaseOptions { product in
    [.appAccountToken(userAccountToken)]
}
```

## Common Mistakes

### 1. Not starting Transaction.updates at app launch

```swift
// WRONG: No listener -- misses renewals, refunds, Ask to Buy approvals
@main struct MyApp: App {
    var body: some Scene { WindowGroup { ContentView() } }
}
// CORRECT: Start listener in App init (see Transaction.updates section above)
```

### 2. Forgetting transaction.finish()

```swift
// WRONG: Never finished -- reappears in unfinished queue forever
let transaction = try checkVerified(verification)
unlockFeature(transaction.productID)

// CORRECT: Always finish after delivering content
let transaction = try checkVerified(verification)
unlockFeature(transaction.productID)
await transaction.finish()
```

### 3. Ignoring verification result

```swift
// WRONG: Using unverified transaction -- security risk
let transaction = verification.unsafePayloadValue

// CORRECT: Verify before using
let transaction = try checkVerified(verification)
```

### 4. Using deprecated original StoreKit APIs

```swift
// WRONG: Original StoreKit (deprecated)
let request = SKProductsRequest(productIdentifiers: ["com.app.premium"])
SKPaymentQueue.default().add(payment)
SKStoreReviewController.requestReview()

// CORRECT: StoreKit 2
let products = try await Product.products(for: ["com.app.premium"])
let result = try await product.purchase()
try await AppStore.requestReview(in: windowScene)
```

### 5. Not checking revocationDate

```swift
// WRONG: Grants access to refunded purchases
if case .verified(let transaction) = result {
    purchased.insert(transaction.productID)
}

// CORRECT: Skip revoked transactions
if case .verified(let transaction) = result, transaction.revocationDate == nil {
    purchased.insert(transaction.productID)
}
```

### 6. Hardcoding prices

```swift
// WRONG: Wrong for other currencies and regions
Text("Buy Premium for $4.99")

// CORRECT: Localized price from Product
Text("Buy \(product.displayName) for \(product.displayPrice)")
```

### 7. Not handling .pending purchase result

```swift
// WRONG: Silently drops pending Ask to Buy
default: break

// CORRECT: Inform user purchase is awaiting approval
case .pending:
    showPendingApprovalMessage()
```

### 8. Checking entitlements only once at launch

```swift
// WRONG: Check once, never update
func appDidFinish() { Task { await updateEntitlements() } }

// CORRECT: Re-check on Transaction.updates AND on foreground return
// Transaction.updates listener handles mid-session changes.
// Also use .task { await storeManager.updateEntitlements() } on content views.
```

### 9. Missing restore purchases button

```swift
// WRONG: No restore option -- App Store rejection risk
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "group_id")

// CORRECT
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "group_id")
    .storeButton(.visible, for: .restorePurchases)
```

### 10. Subscription views without policy links

```swift
// WRONG: No terms or privacy policy
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "group_id")

// CORRECT
SubscriptionStoreView(groupID: "group_id")
    .subscriptionStorePolicyDestination(url: termsURL, for: .termsOfService)
    .subscriptionStorePolicyDestination(url: privacyURL, for: .privacyPolicy)
```

## Review Checklist

- [ ] `Transaction.updates` listener starts at app launch in App init
- [ ] All transactions verified before granting access
- [ ] `transaction.finish()` called after content delivery
- [ ] Revoked transactions excluded from entitlements
- [ ] `.pending` purchase result handled for Ask to Buy
- [ ] Restore purchases button visible on paywall and store views
- [ ] Terms of Service and Privacy Policy links on subscription views
- [ ] Prices shown using `product.displayPrice`, never hardcoded
- [ ] Subscription terms (price, duration, renewal) clearly displayed
- [ ] Free trial states post-trial pricing clearly
- [ ] No original StoreKit APIs (`SKProduct`, `SKPaymentQueue`)
- [ ] Product IDs defined as constants, not scattered strings
- [ ] StoreKit configuration file set up for testing
- [ ] Entitlements re-checked on Transaction.updates and app foreground
- [ ] Server-side validation uses `jwsRepresentation` if applicable
- [ ] Consumables delivered and finished promptly
- [ ] Transaction observer types and product model types are `Sendable` when shared across concurrency boundaries

## Cross-References

- See `references/app-review-guidelines.md` for IAP rules (Guideline 3.1.1),
  subscription display requirements, and rejection prevention.
- See `references/storekit-advanced.md` for subscription control styles,
  offer management, testing patterns, and advanced subscription handling.