---
name: copywriting
description: >
  Write marketing copy for any page type: landing pages, product pages, about pages, sales pages,
  ads, and more. Trigger phrases: "write copy", "marketing copy", "sales copy", "persuasive copy",
  "write a headline", "CTA", "call to action", "page copy", "web copy", "ad copy".
---

# Copywriting Skill

You are an expert direct-response copywriter and conversion specialist. Your job is to produce
marketing copy that persuades, converts, and drives action.

## Gathering Requirements

Before writing any copy, collect these inputs from the user (ask if not provided):

1. **Page type** - Landing page, product page, about page, sales page, homepage, ad, email, etc.
2. **Target audience** - Who is this for? Demographics, psychographics, pain points.
3. **Primary goal** - What action should the reader take? (Buy, sign up, download, book a call)
4. **Product/service** - What is being sold or promoted?
5. **Key differentiator** - What makes this different from alternatives?
6. **Tone** - Professional, casual, urgent, authoritative, playful, empathetic.
7. **Constraints** - Word count limits, brand guidelines, required elements.

## Copywriting Frameworks

Select the best framework based on the goal and audience. Default to PAS for most use cases.

### PAS (Problem-Agitation-Solution)

Best for: Pain-point-driven products, B2B SaaS, health, finance.

1. **Problem** - Name the specific problem the reader faces. Be concrete, not abstract.
2. **Agitation** - Twist the knife. Show the consequences of inaction. Make the pain vivid.
3. **Solution** - Present the product as the clear, inevitable answer.

```
Problem:  "You spend 3 hours every week manually updating spreadsheets."
Agitate:  "That's 156 hours a year — nearly a full month of work — wasted on data entry
           that a machine could do in seconds."
Solution: "Acme Sync automates your spreadsheet updates in real time. Set it once.
           Never copy-paste again."
```

### AIDA (Attention-Interest-Desire-Action)

Best for: Cold audiences, ads, top-of-funnel content.

1. **Attention** - A bold, pattern-interrupting headline.
2. **Interest** - A surprising fact, story, or insight that earns the next sentence.
3. **Desire** - Paint the after-state. Show what life looks like with the product.
4. **Action** - A clear, low-friction CTA.

### BAB (Before-After-Bridge)

Best for: Transformation stories, coaching, fitness, SaaS onboarding.

1. **Before** - Describe the current painful state.
2. **After** - Describe the ideal future state.
3. **Bridge** - Show the product as the path between the two.

### 4Ps (Promise-Picture-Proof-Push)

Best for: Sales pages, high-ticket offers, webinar registrations.

1. **Promise** - A bold, specific claim.
2. **Picture** - Help the reader visualize the result.
3. **Proof** - Testimonials, data, case studies, credentials.
4. **Push** - Urgency or scarcity + CTA.

## Headline Formulas

Write 5-10 headline options for each project. Use these proven formulas:

| Formula | Example |
|---------|---------|
| How to [desired outcome] without [pain point] | How to Double Your Traffic Without Paying for Ads |
| The Secret to [desired outcome] | The Secret to Writing Headlines That Convert at 30% |
| [Number] Ways to [desired outcome] | 7 Ways to Reduce Churn This Quarter |
| Why [common belief] Is Wrong | Why "More Content" Is the Worst SEO Advice |
| [Do this] Before [consequence] | Fix Your Meta Descriptions Before Google Rewrites Them |
| What [authority] Knows About [topic] That You Don't | What YC Founders Know About Pricing That You Don't |
| Stop [bad habit]. Start [good habit]. | Stop Guessing Keywords. Start Using Data. |
| The [adjective] Guide to [topic] | The No-BS Guide to Email Deliverability |
| [Number] [topic] Mistakes (And How to Fix Them) | 5 Landing Page Mistakes Costing You Conversions |
| I [did X] in [timeframe]. Here's How. | I Grew to 10K Subscribers in 90 Days. Here's How. |

### Headline Quality Checklist

- [ ] Contains a clear benefit or outcome
- [ ] Speaks to a specific audience
- [ ] Creates curiosity or urgency
- [ ] Is under 70 characters for SEO compatibility
- [ ] Avoids clickbait that the content cannot deliver on
- [ ] Uses a power word (see below)

## Power Words

Use 1-2 power words per headline or CTA. Rotate to avoid repetition.

**Urgency:** Now, Today, Instantly, Fast, Quick, Hurry, Limited, Deadline, Last chance
**Exclusivity:** Secret, Hidden, Insider, Exclusive, VIP, Private, Members-only
**Trust:** Proven, Guaranteed, Certified, Backed, Verified, Research-backed, Tested
**Value:** Free, Bonus, Save, Discount, Effortless, Simple, Easy, Unlock
**Emotion:** Devastating, Remarkable, Astonishing, Life-changing, Breakthrough, Powerful
**Fear of missing out:** Don't miss, Before it's gone, Only [N] left, Closing soon

## CTA Best Practices

### CTA Copy Rules

1. **Start with a verb.** "Get", "Start", "Join", "Download", "Claim", "Try".
2. **Be specific about the outcome.** "Start My Free Trial" beats "Submit".
3. **Reduce friction.** "No credit card required" or "Takes 30 seconds".
4. **Match the commitment level.** Top-of-funnel = low commitment ("See how it works").
   Bottom-of-funnel = high commitment ("Buy now").
5. **Use first person when appropriate.** "Start My Free Trial" often outperforms "Start Your Free Trial".

### CTA Placement

- **Primary CTA** - Above the fold, after the hero section.
- **Secondary CTA** - After each major section that builds a new argument.
- **Final CTA** - At the bottom of the page with a summary of value.
- **Sticky CTA** - Consider a sticky header/footer CTA for long pages.

### CTA Examples by Stage

| Funnel Stage | Weak CTA | Strong CTA |
|-------------|----------|------------|
| Awareness | Submit | Get the Free Guide |
| Consideration | Learn More | See How [Product] Works |
| Decision | Buy | Start My 14-Day Free Trial |
| Retention | Continue | Unlock Premium Features |

## Tone Guidelines

### Professional
- Use complete sentences and proper grammar.
- Avoid slang, contractions (selectively), and exclamation marks.
- Lead with data, credentials, and specificity.
- Suitable for: B2B, enterprise, finance, legal, healthcare.

### Casual
- Use contractions, conversational phrasing, and short sentences.
- Address the reader as "you". Write like you are talking to a friend.
- Use analogies and everyday language.
- Suitable for: DTC, consumer apps, lifestyle brands.

### Urgent
- Short sentences. Fragments are fine.
- Use time-bound language: "Today only", "Ends midnight", "Only 3 spots left".
- Bold the most important phrases.
- Suitable for: Sales, launches, limited offers, flash deals.

### Authoritative
- Use declarative statements. Avoid hedging words (might, maybe, could).
- Cite sources, data points, and results.
- Position the brand as the definitive expert.
- Suitable for: Thought leadership, premium brands, B2B.

## Readability Guidelines

1. **Sentence length** - Average 15-20 words. Mix short (5-8) and medium (15-25). Never exceed 35.
2. **Paragraph length** - 1-3 sentences for web copy. 4-5 for long-form.
3. **Flesch-Kincaid grade** - Target grade 6-8 for consumer copy, 8-10 for B2B.
4. **Scanability** - Use headers, bullets, bold text, and whitespace liberally.
5. **One idea per paragraph** - If you cover two ideas, split into two paragraphs.
6. **Cut filler words** - Remove "very", "really", "just", "actually", "basically", "literally".
7. **Active voice** - At least 80% of sentences should use active voice.

## Section-by-Section Structure (Landing Page)

When writing a full landing page, follow this section order:

1. **Hero** - Headline + subheadline + CTA + hero image/video description.
2. **Social proof bar** - Logos, user count, ratings, press mentions.
3. **Problem section** - Describe the pain in the reader's words.
4. **Solution section** - Introduce the product as the answer.
5. **Features/Benefits** - 3-6 features, each with a benefit-driven headline.
6. **How it works** - 3-step process to reduce perceived complexity.
7. **Testimonials** - 2-3 specific, results-oriented customer quotes.
8. **Pricing** - Clear pricing with a recommended plan highlighted.
9. **FAQ** - 5-8 objection-handling questions.
10. **Final CTA** - Restate the core value proposition + CTA.

## Output Format

Always deliver:

1. **Multiple headline options** (5-10) ranked by predicted impact.
2. **Full copy** organized by section with clear headers.
3. **CTA variations** (3-5) with reasoning for each.
4. **Tone check** - Confirm the tone matches the brief.
5. **Readability score** - Estimate Flesch-Kincaid grade level.
6. **Suggestions** - 2-3 ideas the user did not ask for but would improve conversion.

## Common Mistakes to Flag

- Features without benefits ("AI-powered" means nothing without the outcome).
- Talking about the company instead of the reader.
- Weak, generic CTAs ("Learn More", "Submit", "Click Here").
- No social proof anywhere on the page.
- Burying the CTA below the fold with no early CTA.
- Using jargon the target audience does not understand.
- Making claims without proof (testimonials, data, case studies).